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EP0593665B1 - Verfahren zur einäscherung von materialen, insbesondere von bestrahltem graphit - Google Patents

Verfahren zur einäscherung von materialen, insbesondere von bestrahltem graphit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0593665B1
EP0593665B1 EP92915960A EP92915960A EP0593665B1 EP 0593665 B1 EP0593665 B1 EP 0593665B1 EP 92915960 A EP92915960 A EP 92915960A EP 92915960 A EP92915960 A EP 92915960A EP 0593665 B1 EP0593665 B1 EP 0593665B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
suspension
combustion
graphite
incineration
solid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92915960A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0593665A1 (de
Inventor
Gérard Antonini
Olivier Lepez
Jean-Pierre Perotin
Philippe Sajet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Association Gradient
Orano DS Demantelement et Services SA
Original Assignee
GRADIENT
Association Gradient
STMI Societe des Techniques en Milieu Ionisant SPL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GRADIENT, Association Gradient, STMI Societe des Techniques en Milieu Ionisant SPL filed Critical GRADIENT
Publication of EP0593665A1 publication Critical patent/EP0593665A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0593665B1 publication Critical patent/EP0593665B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/04—Treating liquids
    • G21F9/06—Processing
    • G21F9/14—Processing by incineration; by calcination, e.g. desiccation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/18—Radioactive materials

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for preparing for its incineration graphite, in particular irradiated graphite and more generally a combustible material, such as waste, with a limited production of fumes, in order to avoid a significant and costly treatment of these.
  • the invention proposes a process for the preparation prior to an incineration of a combustible material.
  • the oxidizing gas can be oxygen or enriched air and the pressure of the foam obtained will be of the order of 2 to 10 bars, depending on either the opening of a control valve located before the combustion furnace, i.e. the pressure in the furnace and the pressure drop between the pump outlet and the combustion furnace.
  • the maximum of the solid fraction (from 35 to 45% by weight of the suspension) will depend on the apparent density of the pulverized solid and on its lower calorific value. For example, since graphite has a high calorific value and an apparent density, the solid fraction will be of the order of 35%. For lower criteria, the fraction may be higher without damaging the pumpable nature of the product or leading to too hot combustion.
  • the material to be incinerated contains radioactive particles, and that a fraction of these particles will be entrained by the combustion fumes, it is completely essential to treat these fumes with the outlet from the incinerator, and the treatment process will be all the more economical as the volume of smoke will be as small as possible.
  • the diagram shown in the drawing illustrates a processing and incineration chain for a crude product 1, which in this case is graphite.
  • the first step in processing this product consists of grinding 2. Grinding can consist of several stages using several types of apparatus so as to obtain an output powdery product with an appropriate particle size (for example 80% of the particles whose diameter is less than 200 ⁇ ). This grinding can be carried out in a humid environment to avoid the release of dust and reduce the risk of explosion which results therefrom, and also to obtain a fluid which is transportable by means of pumps.
  • the powdered graphite obtained at the outlet of the mills 2 is added with water in a mixer 3.
  • a pump 4 With the aid of a pump 4, the continuous circulation of the product coming from the mixer 3 is ensured in the direction for example of a concentration 5 (acting by measuring viscosity for example) to arrive at a mixer 6 for adjusting this concentration by adding water.
  • the product leaving this mixer 6 will have a content at most equal to 35% of solid particles.
  • This is a relatively charged aqueous suspension which is very easily pumpable.
  • This suspension is using a pump 7 introduced into a mixer 8 intended to produce a three-phase liquid-solid-gas mixture. To do this, is introduced into the mixer, in addition to the suspension to be transformed into foam, surfactant additives 9 and a swelling gas 10. In the present case the gas will be oxygen.
  • a pressure control valve 11 downstream of the pump or to the pressure drop in the circuit it is possible to obtain a pressurized foam, for example between 2 and 10 bars.
  • the pressurization of the foam has a double advantage: firstly it becomes self-propelling by partial expansion in the supply lines 12 of a combustion hearth 13, and secondly the relaxation of this foam in the hearth promotes his injection.
  • the hearth 13 is a cyclone hearth known in itself which has the advantages mentioned above with regard to the residence time of the particles and the relative gas-solid speed, in order to achieve complete combustion of the product.
  • Oxygen 14 is introduced into the hearth 13 as combustion gas. It should be noted that the combustion may include a post-combustion stage. The ashes are collected in an ashtray 15 while the fumes 16 are led into a water cooler 17 which makes it possible to condense the water vapor produced by combustion. This cooler will include a demister that retains water droplets.
  • the fumes thus freed from the aqueous effluents pass through a heater 18 which places them at a temperature above the dew point to avoid any condensation which could be harmful to the operation of the very high efficiency filters 19 through which the fumes pass.
  • filters 19 make it possible to trap the solid residues 20 while the gaseous phase of the fumes is transmitted to the atmosphere by an extraction fan and a chimney 22.
  • This table shows a 60% reduction in the mass flow rate of the fumes produced by the combustion of graphite in a cyclone hearth compared to those in a fluidized bed.
  • the fumes leaving the cyclone hearth contain almost 50% water.
  • the fumes to be treated before discharge into the atmosphere are 78% less in mass during an incineration in a cyclone hearth than during an incineration in a fluidized bed. It is therefore understandable that the filtration and purification installations are much less important in one technique than in the other.
  • aqueous foam greatly facilitates the control of the incineration hearth since the production of water vapors tends to lower the temperature and the regulation of the solid load of the foam makes it possible to achieve simple regulation of the operation of the oven, or even its extinction in an emergency if the solid fuel is completely removed from the foam.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Production Of Multi-Layered Print Wiring Board (AREA)
  • Structure Of Printed Boards (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)

Claims (2)

  1. Verfahren zur Behandlung eines brennbaren Materials (1) zum Zwecke seiner Veraschung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verfahren vor der Verbrennung (13) die kontinuierliche Durchführung folgender Schritte umfaßt:
    - Zerteilen (2) des Materials in Partikel,
    - Einführen (3) des zerteilten Materials in ein wäßriges Milieu in einem maximalen Verhältnis von Feststoff zu Flüssigkeit von 35 % Gew.-% bis 45 Gew.-%,
    - Erhöhen des Druckes der so hergestellten Suspension,
    - und Schäumen der unter Druck stehenden Suspension durch Einführen eines die Verbrennung fördernden Gases (10) und von grenzflächenaktiven Zusätzen (9) in einen Mischer (8) für die Suspension.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das die Verbrennung fördernde Gas Sauerstoff ist.
EP92915960A 1991-07-15 1992-07-09 Verfahren zur einäscherung von materialen, insbesondere von bestrahltem graphit Expired - Lifetime EP0593665B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9108899 1991-07-15
FR9108899A FR2679320B1 (fr) 1991-07-15 1991-07-15 Procede d'incineration de materiaux, notamment de graphite irradie.
PCT/FR1992/000659 WO1993002321A1 (fr) 1991-07-15 1992-07-09 Procede d'incineration de materiaux, notamment de graphite irradie

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0593665A1 EP0593665A1 (de) 1994-04-27
EP0593665B1 true EP0593665B1 (de) 1996-02-21

Family

ID=9415106

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92915960A Expired - Lifetime EP0593665B1 (de) 1991-07-15 1992-07-09 Verfahren zur einäscherung von materialen, insbesondere von bestrahltem graphit

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0593665B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH0697088B2 (de)
AT (1) ATE134432T1 (de)
CA (1) CA2113109C (de)
DE (1) DE69208467T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2085632T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2679320B1 (de)
WO (1) WO1993002321A1 (de)

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3516777A (en) * 1968-07-26 1970-06-23 Prenco Mfg Co Apparatus for supplying mixture of burnable fluid waste material and air to incinerator burner
US3848548A (en) * 1973-11-27 1974-11-19 Hercules Inc Incineration process for disposal of waste propellant and explosives
FR2318385A1 (fr) * 1975-07-16 1977-02-11 Creusot Loire Procede et installation de recuperation de dechets liquides combustibles

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2113109A1 (fr) 1993-02-04
JPH0697088B2 (ja) 1994-11-30
FR2679320A1 (fr) 1993-01-22
JPH06503874A (ja) 1994-04-28
CA2113109C (fr) 1997-01-21
DE69208467D1 (de) 1996-03-28
DE69208467T2 (de) 1996-09-05
EP0593665A1 (de) 1994-04-27
FR2679320B1 (fr) 1993-10-15
ES2085632T3 (es) 1996-06-01
ATE134432T1 (de) 1996-03-15
WO1993002321A1 (fr) 1993-02-04

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