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EP0155607B1 - Chaudière à gazéification de combustibles solides - Google Patents

Chaudière à gazéification de combustibles solides Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0155607B1
EP0155607B1 EP85102684A EP85102684A EP0155607B1 EP 0155607 B1 EP0155607 B1 EP 0155607B1 EP 85102684 A EP85102684 A EP 85102684A EP 85102684 A EP85102684 A EP 85102684A EP 0155607 B1 EP0155607 B1 EP 0155607B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
grate
gasification
flame tube
chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85102684A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0155607A1 (fr
Inventor
Manfred Köpke
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=6230443&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0155607(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT85102684T priority Critical patent/ATE29574T1/de
Publication of EP0155607A1 publication Critical patent/EP0155607A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0155607B1 publication Critical patent/EP0155607B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B90/00—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
    • F23B90/04—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion
    • F23B90/06—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion the primary combustion being a gasification or pyrolysis in a reductive atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/40—Gasification

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a solid gasification boiler according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a generic boiler is known from the prospectus of the Kernutzsstrom Anlagenlich GmbH (distributed at the 1983 Hanover Fair). In this known boiler, the combustion and thus the heat generation of the gases obtained by gasifying different solids takes place essentially outside the boiler. If the materials to be gasified fill up due to their different composition and nature above the grate or if the materials are not gasified continuously, overpressure and pressure fluctuations can occur in the upper part of the boiler, which can lead to deflagrations and explosions.
  • a combustion furnace has become known from DE-U-7919 301, in which the passage between a filling shaft and a combustion chamber is equipped with an ignition lock.
  • the aim is that no carbonized smoldering gases get into the flue gas chamber and the flue gas flues.
  • a smoldering gas duct is additionally provided, which connects the filling space to the underside of the grate, wherein fresh air can be introduced into the smoldering gas duct.
  • an incinerator there is no risk of deflagration, since the solid area in the grate area is as complete and open as possible.
  • a gas generator is known from US Pat. No. 4,306,506, in which the gas drawn off from the furnace is fed to a combustion system via a cleaner and cooler.
  • an air supply is provided, to which a line leading into the upper part of the filling shaft connects, through which gases from the upper part of the filling shaft can be returned to the oxidation zone. This is to achieve a return of air and gases accumulating in the upper part of the filling space into the reactor system.
  • a connection between the oxidation zone and the reduction zone is not provided here.
  • the invention has for its object to improve the generic solid gasification heating boiler so that it ensures that regardless of the fuel loaded that deflagrations and explosions are switched off, which leads to a high heat yield and with which heat can be generated directly.
  • the gases present there are enriched in oxygen without the latter being combusted. Due to the existing pressure difference between the filling shaft and the combustion chamber and due to the connection of the filling shaft with the combustion chamber via the pressure compensation tube, these oxygen-enriched gases are sucked directly into the combustion chamber and burned here. This results in complete combustion of the gases in the combustion chamber already in the upper region thereof, essentially immediately below the grate.
  • coal, peat and other combustible materials can be processed and waste or other residues can be burned at the same time.
  • These different fuels can be gasified and burned at the same time and can be filled into the furnace unsorted.
  • the fuel gas obtained is of high combustion quality and, depending on the gasified substances, has no or only a small proportion of oils or tars in the exhaust gases.
  • the gasification of the different fuels and the subsequent burning of the resulting gas burns out the materials up to 99%. As a result, a particularly high level of energy generation is achieved.
  • ash is produced to an exceptionally small extent, which is an unmelted, sterile ash in a floury state.
  • the ashes can immediately be fed from the furnace to a corresponding collection container. Due to the short-circuit connection between the filling shaft and the combustion chamber, pressure equalization is automatically achieved in the event of excess pressures in the filling shaft, which prevents deflagration and explosions of the boiler.
  • Fig. 1 denotes a filling shaft of a solid gasification boiler.
  • a rotary valve or a double piston filler can be provided here.
  • a reaction or gasification chamber 2 At the bottom of this filling shaft is a reaction or gasification chamber 2, which is delimited at the bottom by a grate 3, which is shown in the drawing as a swivel grate.
  • a combustion chamber 4 is arranged below the swiveling grate 3 and is delimited at the bottom by an ash extraction 5.
  • a vibrating grate can also be used, which is driven by a vibrating motor drive.
  • a flame tube 6 ' is provided, the gas inlet 7 of which is arranged eccentrically to the combustion chamber 4, so that the combustion gases escaping downward through the swiveling grate 3 are forced to enter the flame tube eccentrically, while doing so at one inside a pipe socket 8 arranged support burner 9 must flow past, which is intended to ignite the gases to be burned in the flame tube 6.
  • the pipe socket 8 is closed to the outside by an explosion flap 10 with a draft limiter.
  • a blower which opens via air lines 12 into the lower region of the combustion chamber 4, leads into the swivel grate 3 via a further air line 14 and opens into the upper region of the reaction chamber 2 via a third air line 15, namely below the filling shaft , and in these three areas for the supply of oxygen-rich fresh air.
  • a pressure compensation tube is shown, which leads from the filling shaft into the reaction chamber 2 and via a bypass line 16a into the combustion chamber 4.
  • An ignition burner 17 which is also arranged in a corresponding pipe socket 18, opens into the reaction chamber 2 above the swivel grate 3.
  • the swiveling grate 3 has a width which is greater than the clear width of the reaction space 2.
  • the swivel grate extends over the entire length of the boiler and has in the areas in which it lies below the projecting wall parts 19 and 20 of the reaction space 2, on the swivel grate plane upward protrusions 21, which prevent ungased fuel from the reaction chamber 2 can get into the combustion chamber 4.
  • the wall of the solid gasification boiler can accommodate a heat exchanger 22, for example the heat exchanger of a hot water heater.
  • the solid gasification boiler described above works in the combustion chamber 4 and in the flame tube 6 with a vacuum which extends to the filling shaft 1.
  • the negative pressure in the filling shaft 1 and in the reaction chamber 2 decreases and can reach zero, depending on how the pressure control system is set.
  • the natural chimney draft or a built-in flue gas fan ensures the negative pressure in the solid gasification boiler. This negative pressure is guaranteed when the boiler is started up by a pressure control system, so that no excess pressure can arise due to excess gas production.
  • the pressure control system controls the air supply to the boiler. If there is a large amount of gas in the reaction chamber 2 and in the filling shaft 1, as a result of which the vacuum would decrease, the air supply is immediately reduced or completely closed. This can be done using a separate control system or by appropriately controlling the blower 11.
  • the pressure compensation tube 16 leading from the filling shaft 1 into the reaction chamber 2 or into the combustion chamber 4 can be arranged inside or outside the boiler and ensures a constant pressure inside the boiler.
  • a heat exchanger can also be connected to the flame tube 6, so that the burnt-out gases in the flame tube 6, which can have a temperature between 500 and 800 ° C, can be cooled in the heat exchanger and then with a low exhaust gas temperature of about 100 ° Chimney can be removed.
  • the flame tube 6 itself is made of a heat-resistant material, for example stainless steel or a quartz melt, this material becoming emergency glowing and thus ensuring better combustion in the flame tube 6 and in the combustion chamber 4.
  • the shape of the flame tube 6 is irrelevant.
  • the arrangement of an explosion valve 10 with draft limiter has the task that in the event of deflagrations within the boiler, these can be compensated for immediately.
  • the draft limiter closes as soon as the blower 11 is in operation. If the blower 11 turns off or the air supply is completely or partially closed, the draft limiter 10 comes into operation and regulates the draft in the combustion tube, so that the solid gasification boiler in the reaction chamber 2 and in the combustion chamber 4 does not cool down.
  • the swivel grate 3 is driven with a thrust safety device, which has the task of absorbing the force of the motor when materials in the reaction space 2 jam or tilt, so that the swivel grate 3 cannot move freely.
  • the fuel materials prepared in this way are filled into the filling shaft 1 Swing grate 3 ignited and heated up to 1 000 ° C, whereby the gasification arises and a fuel gas develops, which is of high fuel gas quality and, depending on the residues burned, has little or no oil and tars.
  • This fuel gas is sucked down by a negative pressure in the lower combustion chamber 4, ignited via the pilot burner 17 and then burned further in the combustion chamber 4 and in the flame tube 6.
  • the burned-out exhaust gases have a temperature between 500 and 800 ° C and can then be passed through a heat exchanger to obtain the residual energy and removed through the chimney, with an exhaust gas temperature in the chimney of approximately 100 ° C then.
  • the solids can also be mixed with flammable liquids, with z. B. the problem-free burning of waste oil is possible.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Control Of The Air-Fuel Ratio Of Carburetors (AREA)
  • Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)

Claims (3)

1. Chaudière à gazéification de solides comprenant une trémie de chargement (1) disposée au-dessus d'une grille mobile (3), une chambre de réaction (2) qui se raccorde à la trémie de chargement (1) au-dessus de la grille (3), une chambre de combustion (4) disposée au-dessous de la grille (3) et un tube de flammes (6) disposé à l'intérieur de la chambre de combustion :(4) et muni d'un brûleur auxiliaire (9), ainsi qu'une conduite d'arrivée d'air (14) équipée d'une soufflerie (11) et placée dans la région de la grille (3), caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend un tube d'équilibrage des pressions (16) servant à faire communiquer la trémie de chargement (1) avec la région inférieure de la chambre de réaction (2), dans la région du lit incandescent situé au-dessus de la grille (3), ce tube d'équilibrage des pressions ' (16) présentant une conduite de dérivation (16a) servant à la relier à la chambre de combustion (4).
2. Chaudière à gazéification de solides selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend des conduites d'air supplémentaires (12, 15) qui débouchent dans la région inférieure au-dessous du tube de flammes (6) de la chambre de combustion (4) et dans la région supérieure de la chambre de réaction (2).
3. Chaudière à gazéification de solides selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle le tube de flammes (6) présente une entrée de gaz (7) qui s'ouvre dans la chambre de combustion (4) et dans laquelle débouche la flamme du brûleur auxiliaire (9) qui se trouve à l'intérieur d'une tubulure (8) du tube de flammes (6), caractérisée en ce que l'entrée de gaz (7) est disposée dans une position excentrée par rapport à la chambre de combustion (4), à proximité de la paroi de la chaudière, et est équipée, à son extrémité donnant vers l'extérieur, d'un volet d'explosion (10) muni d'un limiteur de tirage.
EP85102684A 1984-03-14 1985-03-08 Chaudière à gazéification de combustibles solides Expired EP0155607B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85102684T ATE29574T1 (de) 1984-03-14 1985-03-08 Feststoffvergasungsheizkessel.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3409292 1984-03-14
DE3409292A DE3409292C2 (de) 1984-03-14 1984-03-14 Feststoffvergasungsheizkessel

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0155607A1 EP0155607A1 (fr) 1985-09-25
EP0155607B1 true EP0155607B1 (fr) 1987-09-09

Family

ID=6230443

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85102684A Expired EP0155607B1 (fr) 1984-03-14 1985-03-08 Chaudière à gazéification de combustibles solides

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0155607B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE29574T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3409292C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1985004236A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4435906C5 (de) * 1994-09-26 2005-09-08 Köpke, Manfred Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Vergasen von Feststoffen

Families Citing this family (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3705406A1 (de) * 1987-02-20 1988-09-08 Manfred Koepke Feststoffvergasungsheizkessel
DE3718022C1 (en) * 1987-05-27 1988-11-10 Kernforschungsanlage Juelich Boiler burning solid matter
DE3737661A1 (de) * 1987-11-06 1989-05-24 Karl Ackermann Heizungskessel mit zwangsweiser zufuhr der verbrennungsluft
DE3900977A1 (de) * 1989-01-14 1990-07-19 Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh Verfahren zum verbrennen von brennstoffen sowie verbrennungsanlage zum durchfuehren dieses verfahrens
DE3924626A1 (de) * 1989-07-26 1991-01-31 Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh Vergasungsreaktor fuer brennbare feststoffe
DE3933576C1 (en) * 1989-10-07 1991-02-28 Egon 5060 Bergisch Gladbach De Piski Extruding industrial sludge into pellets - increasing dry material content to over 70 per-cent, expelling water
DE4230311C1 (de) * 1992-09-10 1993-12-09 Wamsler Umwelttechnik Gmbh Verfahren und Verbrennungsofen zum Verbrennen von Abfällen
DE4344569C2 (de) * 1993-12-24 1996-07-04 Ver Verwertung Und Entsorgung Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Brenngasherstellung
RU2089786C1 (ru) * 1994-06-23 1997-09-10 Институт химической физики в Черноголовке РАН Способ обезвреживания и уничтожения твердых отходов, преимущественно госпитальных, и устройство для его осуществления
WO1996000366A1 (fr) * 1994-06-23 1996-01-04 Envirotec Group Limited Procede et incinerateur pour incinerer les dechets hospitaliers et analogues
EP0703408B1 (fr) 1994-09-26 1998-12-09 Manfred Köpke Procédé et dispositif pour la gazéification de substances solides
WO1997001617A1 (fr) * 1995-06-27 1997-01-16 Ver Verwertung Und Entsorgung Von Reststoffen Gmbh Procede et dispositif permettant de produire du gaz combustible
DE29707032U1 (de) * 1997-04-18 1997-06-05 KÖB & Schäfer KG, Wolfurt Feuerungsanlage
RU2232347C2 (ru) * 2002-02-27 2004-07-10 Мещанкин Андрей Иванович Газификатор твердого топлива
DE102010044550B4 (de) * 2010-09-07 2016-09-01 Brita Kohlfuerst-Millard Verteiler für eine Schankanlage
RU2545199C1 (ru) * 2014-01-29 2015-03-27 Андрей Иванович Мещанкин Газификатор твердых бытовых отходов и твердого топлива

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE7919301U1 (de) * 1979-07-05 1979-10-25 Hdg-Kessel- U. Apparatebau Gmbh, 8332 Massing Verbrennungsofen

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2721213C2 (de) * 1977-05-11 1978-09-28 Josef 8399 Ruhstorf Probsteder Ofen für feste Abfallbrennstoffe
US4231302A (en) * 1979-05-14 1980-11-04 Albert Neuhaus-Schwermann Apparatus and process for burning of fuels of relatively young geological age and of any resulting gases
US4306506A (en) * 1980-06-02 1981-12-22 Energy Recovery Research Group, Inc. Gasification apparatus
DE3023421C2 (de) * 1980-06-23 1981-09-17 Josef 8399 Ruhstorf Probsteder Ofen für feste Abfallbrennstoffe
FR2516209A1 (fr) * 1981-11-10 1983-05-13 Hays Claude Perfectionnement aux dispositifs de chauffage a combustion inversee
DE3312863C2 (de) * 1983-04-09 1986-12-04 Kernforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH, 5170 Jülich Brennkammer zum Verbrennen von Abgasen
CH658464A5 (de) * 1983-06-03 1986-11-14 Orfa Ag Verfahren zur erzeugung schadstoffarmer brenn- bzw. abgase und einrichtung sowie pressling zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens.

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE7919301U1 (de) * 1979-07-05 1979-10-25 Hdg-Kessel- U. Apparatebau Gmbh, 8332 Massing Verbrennungsofen

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Prospekt "Kernforschungsanlage Jülich" *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4435906C5 (de) * 1994-09-26 2005-09-08 Köpke, Manfred Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Vergasen von Feststoffen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1985004236A1 (fr) 1985-09-26
DE3409292C2 (de) 1986-07-31
EP0155607A1 (fr) 1985-09-25
DE3560603D1 (en) 1987-10-15
ATE29574T1 (de) 1987-09-15
DE3409292A1 (de) 1985-09-26

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