EP0096169A1 - Procédé et incinérateur pour l'incinération de combustibles pauvres, notamment des pastilles de déchets - Google Patents
Procédé et incinérateur pour l'incinération de combustibles pauvres, notamment des pastilles de déchets Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0096169A1 EP0096169A1 EP83102447A EP83102447A EP0096169A1 EP 0096169 A1 EP0096169 A1 EP 0096169A1 EP 83102447 A EP83102447 A EP 83102447A EP 83102447 A EP83102447 A EP 83102447A EP 0096169 A1 EP0096169 A1 EP 0096169A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- filling shaft
- filling
- combustion chamber
- fuel
- degassed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CVSVTCORWBXHQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N creatine Chemical compound NC(=[NH2+])N(C)CC([O-])=O CVSVTCORWBXHQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003027 oil sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004058 oil shale Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
- F23G5/0273—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using indirect heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/24—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a vertical, substantially cylindrical, combustion chamber
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and an incinerator for the combustion of inferior fuel, in particular refuse pellets, in which the fuel is at least partially degassed in a retort, is then immediately burned together with the pyrolysis gas formed in the retort in a combustion chamber, and the flue gases are used, among other things, for heating the retort can be used.
- the combustion furnace is provided with an essentially vertical filling shaft, which has a closable filling opening at the top, and a combustion chamber directly adjacent to the filling shaft.
- the filling shaft mainly serves as a drying room.
- the fact that only one or two of the substantially vertical filling shaft walls adjoin the combustion chamber and that the incinerator has a relatively low overall height and a large cross section means that the fuel in the filling shaft is only degassed.
- the smoldering gases generated in the filling shaft which mainly contain water vapor and carbon particles, but also some pyrolysis gas, are directed into the ash chamber via one or more channels arranged on the periphery of the incinerator and connecting the upper part of the filling shaft to the ash chamber, where they are mixed with air . They then pass through a grate provided below the filling shaft, on which the pre-dried and partially degassed fuel is burned. The entrained carbon particles and the pyrolysis gas are burned in the fire. The combustion produces flue gases, which in turn carry unburned carbon particles. To burn them Pipe are provided with holes in the combustion chamber, which are used to supply secondary air. Afterburning is to be achieved by the secondary air.
- the invention is based on the object of specifying a process for the combustion of inferior fuel, in particular waste pellets, of the type mentioned at the outset and a combustion furnace for carrying out this process, in which the flue gases are largely freed from unburned carbon particles and carbon monoxide and contain little pollutants, The smallest possible amounts of flue gas are obtained, and the combustion furnace required to carry out the method is also relatively simple in construction and less prone to failure.
- the method according to the invention is characterized in that the fuel in the retort is degassed as much as possible and the pyrolysis gas formed in this way is passed directly from the retort into the combustion chamber and is burned there with air supply above the degassed fuel.
- the pyrolysis gas is not passed through the grate and the burning fuel located thereon, but directly from the retort into a region of the combustion chamber above the burning fuel.
- the pyrolysis gas mixes with the air supplied via a secondary air supply and burns at high temperature.
- the pyrolysis gas flame that burns at high temperature completely burns the carbon contained in the flue gas from the combustion of the fuel.
- the flue gases leaving the incinerator are optimally clean. They also contain relatively low levels of other pollutants.
- the fuel in the retort is degassed as much as possible, since a much smaller amount of air is required for the combustion of the pyrolysis gas that is produced, and that the pyrolysis gas flame is as large as possible to ensure excellent combustion of the flue gases becomes.
- the amount of air required is only about 1/3 of the amount of air previously required. This is of major advantage for the subsequent flue gas cleaning, because the flue gas cleaning system can be significantly smaller.
- the method according to the invention has the advantage that the combustion takes place in two temperature zones. When the degassed fuel is burned, the temperature is relatively low and will in no way cause the ash to melt.
- Disruptions in the discharge of the ash are thereby avoided and the life of the grate is also extended or the construction of the grate is simplified.
- the large amount of pyrolysis gas is burned, which passes directly from the retort into the combustion chamber, a very high combustion temperature is reached, which is advantageous for energy generation.
- an incinerator required to carry out the method according to the invention is relatively simple in construction and less prone to failure.
- This new incinerator is relatively simple to set up and also less prone to failure. With it, an optimal combustion of low-quality heating material, in particular waste pellets, can be carried out, the carbon in the flue gas being largely burned by the superimposed combustion by means of the pyrolysis gas and the proportion of pollutants in the flue gas being relatively low. In addition, the amount of air required for combustion is relatively small, so that the amount of flue gas is reduced and the flue gas cleaning system can have small dimensions.
- the furnace 1 has a central, vertical filling shaft 2 which is delimited by the filling shaft walls 3. At the top, the filling shaft 2 is provided with a filling opening 4, which can be closed by a rotary slide 5.
- the grate 7 is arranged below the lower discharge opening 6 of the filling shaft 2. This grate 7 has a horizontal cross section that is larger than the cross section of the discharge opening 6 of the filling shaft 2, so that a pouring cone 8 of degassed fuel can form on the grate.
- a primary air supply 9 and an ash discharge device 10 are provided below the grate 8.
- the filling shaft walls 3 are surrounded on all sides by a combustion chamber 11. This is a first important requirement for the fuel contained in the filling shaft 2 to be largely degassed. Furthermore, the cross section D and the height H of the filling shaft 2 are also designed so that the fuel 8a in the filling shaft 2 largely is degassed.
- the filling shaft 2, which is appropriately circular in cross section can have a diameter of approximately 400-600 mm and a height of 3-4 m or more. It is also important that the filling shaft is closed on all sides except for the filling opening 4 which can be closed by the rotary slide 5 and the discharge opening 6. Due to the hot flue gases flowing along the outside of the filling shaft walls 3 in the combustion chamber 11, the fuel material located in the filling shaft is strongly heated and almost completely degassed.
- Garbage pellets are preferably used as fuel, which are produced for example by the method according to DE-PS 25 10 465.
- other low-quality fuels can also be burned, e.g. loose household waste, sawdust and wood shavings, peat, hayed straw, nutshells and possibly also oil shale or oil sand.
- the pyrolysis gas formed during the degassing can only escape from the bottom of the filling chute 2 into the combustion chamber 11, specifically in an area above the pouring cone 8. In this area, the combustion chamber 11 enters through the openings 14 or others suitable secondary air supply secondary air introduced into the combustion chamber 11.
- the pyrolysis gas escaping from the filling shaft 2 below mixes with this secondary air and burns in the form of a ring of flame above the pouring cone B. Temperatures of over 1100 ° C. arise when the pyrolysis gas is burned.
- the flue gases emerging from the cone 8, which still contain combustible substances, in particular carbon, are afterburned by the flame ring 12, so that the flue gases are optimally clean.
- the high temperature that is achieved by burning the pyrolysis gas in the flue gas is very favorable for energy generation.
- the hot flue gases will then be Passed heat exchanger, not shown, in the usual way. Since the high temperatures are only reached in the combustion chamber and not in the cone 8, melting of the ash is also avoided.
- the filling shaft 2 is surrounded on all sides by the combustion chamber 11 and is dimensioned such that the fuel 8a contained therein is largely degassed.
- a smaller proportion of air is required to burn the pyrolysis gas.
- the fuel is largely degassed using the method according to the invention and the incinerator according to the invention, approximately 0.5 cbm of pyrolysis gas and approximately 0.5 kg of degassed fuel (pyrolysate) result from a calorific value of the same amount.
- the distance A of the lower edge 3a of the filling shaft walls from the grate 7 is dimensioned such that the pyrolysis gas generated in the filling shaft 2 escapes into the combustion chamber 11 below the lower edge 3a of the filling shaft walls 3.
- this distance should be such that the pyrolysis gas escapes substantially uniformly on all sides at the lower edge 3a, so that a uniform and closed flame ring 12 is created.
- the filling opening 4 must be closed by a lock 5, for example in the form of a rotary slide valve. Fuel can be fed in continuously or batchwise via this rotary valve.
- FIGS. 2-5 it is also possible, as shown in FIGS. 2-5, to provide screw conveyors 13.
- screw conveyors 13 it is advantageous to generate negative pressure in the filling shaft 2. This can happen, for example, that the combustion chamber 11 is followed by a fan, not shown, through which the flue gases are extracted.
- the negative pressure generated in the filling shaft 2 prevents pyrolysis gas from escaping through the filling opening 4.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 differs from the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 essentially only in the cross section of the incinerator and in the design of the fuel supply. While the filling shaft 2 and the parts assigned to it are cylindrical or circular in the combustion furnace shown in FIG. 1, in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 the filling shaft 2 and the parts assigned to it have a rectangular cross section. Parts of the same function are designated with the same reference numerals as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1. To avoid repetition, reference is made to the above explanations. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the filling shaft 2 is surrounded on all sides by a combustion chamber 11, and appropriate cross-sectional dimensions and height of the filling shaft 2 ensure that the fuel in the filling shaft is degassed as much as possible.
- an additional combustion chamber 11 'delimited by the filling shaft walls 3' can also be provided within the filling shaft according to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 4.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3221977 | 1982-06-11 | ||
| DE3221977 | 1982-06-11 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0096169A1 true EP0096169A1 (fr) | 1983-12-21 |
Family
ID=6165817
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP83102447A Ceased EP0096169A1 (fr) | 1982-06-11 | 1983-03-12 | Procédé et incinérateur pour l'incinération de combustibles pauvres, notamment des pastilles de déchets |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0096169A1 (fr) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3511807A1 (de) * | 1985-03-30 | 1986-10-09 | Uwe 2322 Tröndel Niebuhr | Mehrstoffvergaser- und brennofen |
| EP0257858A3 (en) * | 1986-08-08 | 1988-11-30 | Clinton Badger Pike | Furnace |
| DE3928748A1 (de) * | 1989-08-30 | 1991-03-07 | Bela Medvey | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum verbrennen von feuchtem verbrennungsgut |
| EP1201993A1 (fr) * | 2000-10-25 | 2002-05-02 | Manop Piyasil | Procédé et dispositif pour l'incinération de déchets |
| WO2010022741A3 (fr) * | 2008-08-30 | 2010-08-19 | Dall Energy Holding Aps | Procédé et système de production d’un gaz chaud propre à base de carburants solides |
| WO2010081444A3 (fr) * | 2009-01-13 | 2011-07-21 | Dinano Ecotechnology Llc | Dispositif de gazéification de matières de départ carbonées |
| CN112300817A (zh) * | 2019-12-05 | 2021-02-02 | 上海敏建环保科技有限公司 | 一种生活垃圾热解气化方法 |
| PL443757A1 (pl) * | 2023-02-08 | 2024-08-12 | Janusz Dukaczewski | Gazogenerator-piec |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH337641A (de) * | 1954-12-16 | 1959-04-15 | Kraus Stanislav | Gusseiserner Zentralheizungs-Gliederkessel |
| DE1142984B (de) * | 1951-09-11 | 1963-01-31 | Andre Georges Vandevelde | Feuerung fuer durch Schwerkraft aus einem Fuelltrichter zugefuehrte feste Brennstoffe |
| US3515078A (en) * | 1969-03-13 | 1970-06-02 | Scient Incineration Devices In | Incinerator |
| DE2253085A1 (de) * | 1971-11-03 | 1973-05-10 | Sigvart Kasin | Verbrennungsofen |
| DE2153718A1 (de) * | 1971-10-28 | 1973-07-26 | Ernst Dipl Ing Kurz | Ofen zur muellverbrennung |
| US3808986A (en) * | 1972-09-11 | 1974-05-07 | C Logdon | Incinerator for refuse material |
| DE2514589A1 (de) * | 1974-04-05 | 1975-10-23 | Friedrich Ing Schallert | Rauchlose verbrennungsanlage |
| DE2523968A1 (de) * | 1975-05-30 | 1976-12-16 | Patra Patent Treuhand | Verfahren zur durchfuehrung von in schaechten absteigenden trockenen destillationen, vergasungen und/oder verbrennungen vorzugsweise organischer stoffe sowie einrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens |
| DE2654041B1 (de) * | 1976-11-29 | 1978-03-16 | Kernformschungsanlage Juelich | Einrichtung und Verfahren zur Verbrennung von Abfallstoffen |
-
1983
- 1983-03-12 EP EP83102447A patent/EP0096169A1/fr not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1142984B (de) * | 1951-09-11 | 1963-01-31 | Andre Georges Vandevelde | Feuerung fuer durch Schwerkraft aus einem Fuelltrichter zugefuehrte feste Brennstoffe |
| CH337641A (de) * | 1954-12-16 | 1959-04-15 | Kraus Stanislav | Gusseiserner Zentralheizungs-Gliederkessel |
| US3515078A (en) * | 1969-03-13 | 1970-06-02 | Scient Incineration Devices In | Incinerator |
| DE2153718A1 (de) * | 1971-10-28 | 1973-07-26 | Ernst Dipl Ing Kurz | Ofen zur muellverbrennung |
| DE2253085A1 (de) * | 1971-11-03 | 1973-05-10 | Sigvart Kasin | Verbrennungsofen |
| US3808986A (en) * | 1972-09-11 | 1974-05-07 | C Logdon | Incinerator for refuse material |
| DE2514589A1 (de) * | 1974-04-05 | 1975-10-23 | Friedrich Ing Schallert | Rauchlose verbrennungsanlage |
| DE2523968A1 (de) * | 1975-05-30 | 1976-12-16 | Patra Patent Treuhand | Verfahren zur durchfuehrung von in schaechten absteigenden trockenen destillationen, vergasungen und/oder verbrennungen vorzugsweise organischer stoffe sowie einrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens |
| DE2654041B1 (de) * | 1976-11-29 | 1978-03-16 | Kernformschungsanlage Juelich | Einrichtung und Verfahren zur Verbrennung von Abfallstoffen |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3511807A1 (de) * | 1985-03-30 | 1986-10-09 | Uwe 2322 Tröndel Niebuhr | Mehrstoffvergaser- und brennofen |
| EP0257858A3 (en) * | 1986-08-08 | 1988-11-30 | Clinton Badger Pike | Furnace |
| DE3928748A1 (de) * | 1989-08-30 | 1991-03-07 | Bela Medvey | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum verbrennen von feuchtem verbrennungsgut |
| EP1201993A1 (fr) * | 2000-10-25 | 2002-05-02 | Manop Piyasil | Procédé et dispositif pour l'incinération de déchets |
| WO2010022741A3 (fr) * | 2008-08-30 | 2010-08-19 | Dall Energy Holding Aps | Procédé et système de production d’un gaz chaud propre à base de carburants solides |
| JP2012500958A (ja) * | 2008-08-30 | 2012-01-12 | ダル エナジー ホールディング エーピーエス | 固形燃料から清浄な高温ガスを製造する方法および装置 |
| US9170019B2 (en) | 2008-08-30 | 2015-10-27 | Dall Energy Holdings ApS | Method and system for production of a clean hot gas based on solid fuels |
| EA022238B1 (ru) * | 2008-08-30 | 2015-11-30 | ДАЛЛ ЭНЕРДЖИ ХОЛДИНГ АпС | Способ и система для производства чистого горячего газа на основе твердых топлив |
| WO2010081444A3 (fr) * | 2009-01-13 | 2011-07-21 | Dinano Ecotechnology Llc | Dispositif de gazéification de matières de départ carbonées |
| CN112300817A (zh) * | 2019-12-05 | 2021-02-02 | 上海敏建环保科技有限公司 | 一种生活垃圾热解气化方法 |
| PL443757A1 (pl) * | 2023-02-08 | 2024-08-12 | Janusz Dukaczewski | Gazogenerator-piec |
| PL248055B1 (pl) * | 2023-02-08 | 2025-10-06 | Janusz Dukaczewski | Piec korzystnie gazogenerator |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI NL |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19840619 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN REFUSED |
|
| 18R | Application refused |
Effective date: 19860731 |