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WO1998009559A1 - Chambre de combustion de dechets organiques - Google Patents

Chambre de combustion de dechets organiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998009559A1
WO1998009559A1 PCT/US1997/016659 US9716659W WO9809559A1 WO 1998009559 A1 WO1998009559 A1 WO 1998009559A1 US 9716659 W US9716659 W US 9716659W WO 9809559 A1 WO9809559 A1 WO 9809559A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
chamber
further including
waste
organic waste
cyclone burner
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US1997/016659
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
John W. Crawford
Damon K. I. Kali
Robert A. Gentala
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EMS TECHNOLOGIES CORP
Original Assignee
EMS TECHNOLOGIES CORP
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by EMS TECHNOLOGIES CORP filed Critical EMS TECHNOLOGIES CORP
Priority to AU44262/97A priority Critical patent/AU4426297A/en
Publication of WO1998009559A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998009559A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/24—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a vertical, substantially cylindrical, combustion chamber
    • F23G5/245—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a vertical, substantially cylindrical, combustion chamber with perforated bottom or grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
    • F23N5/006—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties the detector being sensitive to oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/40—Gasification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
    • F23G2202/101—Combustion in two or more stages with controlled oxidant supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
    • F23G2202/102—Combustion in two or more stages with supplementary heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/30—Cyclonic combustion furnace
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/40—Stationary bed furnace
    • F23G2203/403—Stationary bed furnace with substantial cylindrical combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2204/00—Supplementary heating arrangements
    • F23G2204/10—Supplementary heating arrangements using auxiliary fuel
    • F23G2204/101—Supplementary heating arrangements using auxiliary fuel solid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/10—Arrangement of sensing devices
    • F23G2207/101—Arrangement of sensing devices for temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/30—Oxidant supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/40—Supplementary heat supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2237/00—Controlling
    • F23N2237/16—Controlling secondary air

Definitions

  • This invention relates to waste disposal through complete organic combustion by a process known as Pyrolysis.
  • Waste streams range from relatively benign materials such as raw wood chips, used office paper, and fresh grass clippings, to hazardous materials such as biologically contaminated materials, fuel contaminated soil and pesticide tainted vegetation .
  • Benign waste streams are typically landfilled at local municipalities. Unfortunately, the sheer volume of waste processed in this manner usually renders the landfill unsuitable for further commercial use. Hazardous waste streams that ar landfilled dramatically increase risk to the environment by leaching into water supplies and emitting harmful volatile components into the atmosphere.
  • Incineration has the advantage of reducing the volume of waste into a landfill by as much as 97% and can render biological and chemical waste streams harmless.
  • incineration can also release unacceptable levels of pollution into the atmosphere so incineration reactors must be fitted with expensive and complex post combustion controls to reduce hazardous emissions.
  • the present invention uses a dual chamber combustion system. Reference herein is made to figures 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7A, and 7B. Overvi ew
  • waste is decomposed by heat (Pyrolysis) in an oxygen starved environment.
  • This partial combustion generates combustible particulates and flammable gases (lean gas) leaving only a small amount of sterile and generally inorganic ash.
  • the lean gas is ducted (13) into a second chamber (cyclone oxidizer) (14) where it is mixed with sufficient oxygen and is completely combusted at high temperature.
  • the resulting effluent is only minimally polluting.
  • Waste is introduced into the machine through a pneumatically activated sliding charging portal drawer (10) .
  • the drawer (10) has no sliding seals which require precision machining and are prone to mechanical failure. Seal integrity is critical since the pyrolytic process requires precision control of air flow.
  • the drawer (10) In order to allow for continuous feeding for maximum throughput, the drawer (10) must be double sealed or the process will be disrupted and toxic fumes may leak into the immediate environment. .An automated air purging system in the drawer compartment provides an additional level of safety for operators of the equipment .
  • the size of the drawer (10) is large enough to handle most bagged waste so shredding is not necessary, further reducing the risk to the operator.
  • the machine After a bag of waste has been loaded (21) into the drawer (10), the machine is sealed (22A-22B) and the drawer delivers the waste (30) into the gas generator (11) .
  • the drawer (10) has sensors to determine its position. When the drawer has returned to its original position (figure 2), it is ready to receive another charge of waste.
  • waste Once the waste has entered the gas generator (16), combustion begins.
  • the waste is maintained in a vertical column supported by a heat resistant grate (12) .
  • New waste travels down the column as older waste is consumed in the generator. This process is defined by increasing temperature zones ranging from 100 C at the top to 1000 C at the grate (12) .
  • Zone 1 Drying and Degassing: Water and light volatiles are vaporized.
  • Zone 2 Gasification: Solid material begins to gasify under oxygen poor conditions.
  • Zone 3 Coke Bed: Ungasified materials (mostly carbon) form a high temperature bed of coals .
  • the formation of the coke bed and the production of gas is initiated by a grid of electric heating elements located at the grate (12). Once the process has reached an optimum temperature, the elements are shut off and the process continues unassisted. If the process drops below optimum temperatures, the heating elements are automatically restarted. This is necessary only when the waste stream is laden with non-combustible liquid.
  • the grate (12) is a heat resistant rod design that allows ash to fall through into a containment compartment (15) .
  • the design of the grate (12) allows for passive control of the size and amount of ash that passes into the compartment (15).
  • a comb of stainless steel fingers (60) is selectively rotated between the rods to clear blockage and to agitate the column of decomposing waste to allow it to settle properly.
  • Clean-out ports are located above the grate (12) to facilitate the removal of large inorganic objects that may collect on grate 12.
  • the gas generator should be completely cool before this port may be opened. Normal operation renders all the carbon to ash.
  • the grate (12) may be changed to allow more waste to be processed with an accompanying increase in the volume of ash .
  • the ash compartment (15) is accessible through a clean- out port.
  • the gas generator (16) should be completely cool before this port is opened.
  • Lean gas produced from the waste is forced to pass through the coke bed in order to leave the gas generator (16) .
  • the carbon and the heat react with the lean gas to breakdown or "crack" long-chain hydrocarbons which are the source of extremely hazardous emissions.
  • the cracked gas is ducted to the cyclone oxidizer (14) through a circular transfer tube (13) .
  • Regulated air secondary air
  • the mixture spontaneously ignites in the oxygen rich environment and enters the pre-heated cyclone oxidizer (14) .
  • the mixture remains in the cyclone oxidizer (14) under extremely turbulent conditions until it is completely oxidized rendering it harmless.
  • the cyclone oxidizer (14) preferably has an octagonal cross section.
  • the shape maintains the mixing efficiency of more traditional circular designs but is easier to construct and insulate.
  • the dimensions of the oxidizer are calculated to insure maximum efficiency based on the volume of gas produced given the capacity of the gas generator .
  • Auxiliary fuel is added to the axial tube (13) for preheating the cyclone oxidizer and for maintaining the proper temperature in the oxidizer (14) .
  • the temperature may fall for two reasons: a) the heat content of the waste stream is too low, and b) the amount of lean gas produced during start up and shut down is too low. Both conditions require that auxiliary fuel be added to sustain the process to keep emissions within acceptable limits.
  • the transfer tube (13) contains a grid of electric heaters.
  • the grid has the additional benefit of dramatically reducing emissions on start-up.
  • the primary method of control is through temperature feedback (figure 7A) . Probes are positioned throughout the machine to provide input for computer control. Secondary control is provided by oxygen and carbon monoxide sensors at the e.xhaust port ( Figure 7B) .
  • the temperature in the cyclone oxidizer (14) is controlled by the amount of lean gas and secondary air that is mixed in the transfer tube (13) .
  • the amount of lean gas is controlled by the amount of heat produced in the gas generator (16) .
  • the amount of heat produced in the gas generator (16) is controlled by the amount of primary air that is injected into it.
  • the computer uses the temperature and emission data to meter the primary and secondary air flow and to add auxiliary fuel or electric heat to the system.
  • the computer displays continuous numeric and graphic readouts of all the parameters that it monitors and controls.
  • the goals of the computer control is to reduce harmful emissions and to maximize throughput of the machine.
  • Harmful emissions are reduced through temperature control .
  • Throughput is maximized by water injection.
  • the capacity of the gas generator is not volume dependent, rather, it is heat capacity dependent .
  • waste high in heat capacity is added to the system, water is injected to absorb some of the heat content. This has the effect of raising throughput.
  • the exhaust that leaves the system is hot, non- hazardous, and energy laden.
  • the energy can be recovered by a boiler, heat exchanger, or heat pump. Heat recovery may be added to the transfer tube to eliminate the need for water injection.
  • the present invention provides a means for safe, reliable, and economical disposal of organic waste. It features volume reduction, complete destruction, and minimal handling of waste streams. In addition, it is less expensive to maintain, simpler to operate, easier to adapt to existing systems due to its modular design, and more thermally efficient than current designs.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

Incinérateur ou chambre de combustion de déchets organiques à agencement multiniveau. Une chambre allongée (16) disposée selon un plan sensiblement vertical est conçue pour recevoir des déchets solides par une porte d'alimentation (10). Une grille (12) ménagée dans la chambre allongée (16) empêche les déchets solides de passer dans la partie inférieure (15) de la chambre allongée (16). A l'aide d'un mécanisme de chauffage, on chauffe les déchets solides dans ladite chambre allongée (16) dans un environnement pauvre en oxygène pour créer des particules combustibles et des gaz inflammables qui sont aspirés par un conduit de transfert (13) qui envoie les matières à un brûleur à cyclone (14). Dans ce brûleur à cyclone (14), les particules combustibles et les gaz inflammables sont brûlés dans un environnement riche en oxygène.
PCT/US1997/016659 1996-09-05 1997-09-04 Chambre de combustion de dechets organiques Ceased WO1998009559A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU44262/97A AU4426297A (en) 1996-09-05 1997-09-04 Organic waste combustor

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US2468896P 1996-09-05 1996-09-05
US60/024,688 1996-09-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998009559A1 true WO1998009559A1 (fr) 1998-03-12

Family

ID=21821881

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1997/016659 Ceased WO1998009559A1 (fr) 1996-09-05 1997-09-04 Chambre de combustion de dechets organiques

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU4426297A (fr)
WO (1) WO1998009559A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006013403B4 (de) * 2006-03-23 2008-08-14 Seemann, Uwe, Dipl.-Ing. Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Abluftreinigung
CN106439845A (zh) * 2016-11-18 2017-02-22 无锡大功机械制造有限公司 一种垃圾烘干头

Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3785305A (en) * 1972-05-03 1974-01-15 Aqua Chem Inc Incinerator
US3855950A (en) * 1973-10-10 1974-12-24 Consumat Syst Inc Automatic loading and ash removal system for incinerators
US3861335A (en) * 1973-08-20 1975-01-21 Progressive Trade Corp Incineration system
US3880098A (en) * 1974-03-25 1975-04-29 Environmental Control Products Metering apparatus for incinerator ash pit
US4038032A (en) * 1975-12-15 1977-07-26 Uop Inc. Method and means for controlling the incineration of waste
US4261267A (en) * 1979-03-23 1981-04-14 Lesmeister Adrian Z Furnace door
GB2196099A (en) * 1986-10-11 1988-04-20 Erithglen Ltd Furnace
US4934283A (en) * 1989-09-08 1990-06-19 Partnerships Limited, Inc. Solid waste disposal unit
US5178076A (en) * 1991-09-06 1993-01-12 Hand David J Bio-mass burner construction
US5261335A (en) * 1992-12-29 1993-11-16 Blevins Jr Leslie Firebox furnace with automatic feeding system
US5279234A (en) * 1992-10-05 1994-01-18 Chiptec Wood Energy Systems Controlled clean-emission biomass gasification heating system/method
US5391074A (en) * 1994-01-31 1995-02-21 Meeker; John Atmospheric gas burner and control system
US5520123A (en) * 1995-01-30 1996-05-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The Environmental Protection Agency Intelligent afterburner injection control to minimize pollutant emissions
US5678494A (en) * 1995-03-22 1997-10-21 Ulrich; Gael Biomass-fueled furnace
US5680821A (en) * 1994-02-04 1997-10-28 Advanced Envirotech Systems, Inc. Solid waste handling and conveying apparatus

Patent Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3785305A (en) * 1972-05-03 1974-01-15 Aqua Chem Inc Incinerator
US3861335A (en) * 1973-08-20 1975-01-21 Progressive Trade Corp Incineration system
US3855950A (en) * 1973-10-10 1974-12-24 Consumat Syst Inc Automatic loading and ash removal system for incinerators
US3880098A (en) * 1974-03-25 1975-04-29 Environmental Control Products Metering apparatus for incinerator ash pit
US4038032A (en) * 1975-12-15 1977-07-26 Uop Inc. Method and means for controlling the incineration of waste
US4261267A (en) * 1979-03-23 1981-04-14 Lesmeister Adrian Z Furnace door
GB2196099A (en) * 1986-10-11 1988-04-20 Erithglen Ltd Furnace
US4934283A (en) * 1989-09-08 1990-06-19 Partnerships Limited, Inc. Solid waste disposal unit
US5178076A (en) * 1991-09-06 1993-01-12 Hand David J Bio-mass burner construction
US5279234A (en) * 1992-10-05 1994-01-18 Chiptec Wood Energy Systems Controlled clean-emission biomass gasification heating system/method
US5261335A (en) * 1992-12-29 1993-11-16 Blevins Jr Leslie Firebox furnace with automatic feeding system
US5391074A (en) * 1994-01-31 1995-02-21 Meeker; John Atmospheric gas burner and control system
US5680821A (en) * 1994-02-04 1997-10-28 Advanced Envirotech Systems, Inc. Solid waste handling and conveying apparatus
US5520123A (en) * 1995-01-30 1996-05-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The Environmental Protection Agency Intelligent afterburner injection control to minimize pollutant emissions
US5678494A (en) * 1995-03-22 1997-10-21 Ulrich; Gael Biomass-fueled furnace

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006013403B4 (de) * 2006-03-23 2008-08-14 Seemann, Uwe, Dipl.-Ing. Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Abluftreinigung
CN106439845A (zh) * 2016-11-18 2017-02-22 无锡大功机械制造有限公司 一种垃圾烘干头

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU4426297A (en) 1998-03-26

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