CN202013927U - Energy-saving and environment-friendly automatic disassembly and separation system for waste storage batteries - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses an energy-saving and environment-friendly automatic dismantling and separation system for waste batteries, which is characterized in that: a storage battery transmission belt is arranged horizontally, and each storage battery is arranged on the storage battery transmission belt according to the same orientation of the storage battery box cover, and is connected with the storage battery transmission belt Convey from left to right; set a cutting mechanism above the battery conveyor belt, set a lid conveyor belt below the cutting mechanism, the lid conveyor belt is perpendicular to the conveying direction of the battery conveyor belt; set a lid crushing machine at the blanking end of the lid conveyor belt Separation production line, a body separation production line is set at the battery body blanking end of the battery conveyor belt. The utility model realizes the automatic mechanical dismantling of waste batteries through the organic cooperation of automatic cutting, crushing and sorting units.

Description

Energy-saving and environment-friendly waste battery automatic dismantling and separation system

technical field

The utility model relates to dismantling and separating equipment for waste lead-acid storage batteries.

Background technique

At present, for the recycling and processing of waste lead-acid batteries, most of the lead-containing wastes are obtained through manual dismantling of waste batteries in the early stage, and then the lead-containing wastes such as the manually dismantled plates and slurry are thrown into the furnace at one time, and heated at a high temperature of 1200 ℃ Mixing produces copper-containing regenerated crude lead that cannot be directly used for battery regeneration. This kind of smelting process is extensive and backward, and the efficiency of manual dismantling is low. The labor intensity is high. The workers directly contact the dismantled products. The process is not clean and environmentally friendly, and there are sulfuric acid and heavy metals. The harm of lead and the high energy consumption of smelting.

Utility model content

The utility model provides a clean and environment-friendly automatic dismantling and separation system for waste batteries. The system realizes automatic mechanical dismantling of waste batteries through the organic cooperation of automatic cutting, crushing and sorting units.

The technical scheme of the utility model is achieved in that:

The structural features of the energy-saving and environment-friendly waste battery automatic dismantling and separation system of the utility model are:

The storage battery transmission belt (1) is arranged horizontally, and each storage battery (2) is arranged on the storage battery transmission belt (1) according to the battery case cover (2a) in the same direction, and is transmitted from left to right along with the storage battery transmission belt (1); A cutting mechanism is arranged above the battery conveyor belt (1), and the cutting knife (3) in the cutting mechanism that can move up and down to form a cutting action is located at the longitudinal position of the junction of the battery box cover and the battery body (2b) ; The cutting mechanism is provided with a cutting automatic control assembly; the lid conveyor belt (4) is set below the cutting mechanism, and the lid conveyor belt (4) is perpendicular to the transmission direction of the storage battery conveyor belt (1);

A box cover crushing and separation production line is set at the blanking end of the box cover conveyor belt (4), and the box cover crushing and separation production line is to successively set the box cover crushing unit, box cover Hydraulic separation unit and lid solid-liquid separation unit;

A body separation production line is set at the battery body blanking end of the battery conveyor belt (1), and the body separation production line is to successively set up a body crushing unit, a body tumbler unit, a body Hydraulic separation unit and bulk solid-liquid separation unit.

The structural features of the utility model energy-saving and environment-friendly waste battery automatic dismantling and separation system also lie in:

The cutting knife (3) is provided with a hydraulic cylinder (5) as a driving member and a hydraulic rod (6) as a transmission member.

At the two ends of the cutting knife (3), on the same side, there is a wedge block (8) fixedly connected with the cutting knife (3), and a control rod (9) is centered on a pin shaft. Rotatable rod, the top of the control rod (9) leans against the slope of the wedge block (8), and the two control rods (9) respectively arranged at both ends are connected with the pressure rod (10) at the bottom end, the wedge-shaped As the cutting knife (3) moves downward, the block (8) drives the pressure rod (10) to press against the battery (2) through the control rod (9) with the pin shaft as the center of rotation, and the pressure rod (10) is used as the battery (2) the fixing bar.

The lid crushing unit adopts a centrifugal hammer mill (12), and the hopper (13) of the centrifugal hammer mill (12) is connected to the discharge end of the lid conveyor belt (4). The particulate matter is discharged in the particulate matter outlet (14) of the centrifugal hammer mill (12).

Adopt hydraulic separation device in described lid hydraulic separation unit, described hydraulic separation device is to set metal particle conveyer belt (16) in hydraulic separation groove (15); Undertake by described metal particle conveyer belt (16) On the particle outlet (14) of the hammer pulverizer (12), a separation baffle (17) is arranged in the hydraulic separation tank (15), and an overflow port is set on the notch of the hydraulic separation tank (15) to discharge plastic particles Mouth (18).

The lid solid-liquid separation unit is to accept the plastic particle filter screen (19) under the plastic particle discharge port (18) of the lid crushing unit, and there is a water collection tank (20) to collect the water from the lid crushing unit hydraulic separation tank. The overflow water in (15).

The body crushing unit is provided with a crushing shovel (21) driven by a crankshaft linkage mechanism that can move up and down. It is located above one end of the material trough (22); the cage-shaped rotary bucket screening unit of the body is a rotatable cage-shaped bucket screen (23), and the crushed material by the crushing shovel (21) is set in the cage The barrel sieve inlet (23a) at one end of the barrel screen (23) enters the barrel, and the barrel sieve outlet (23b) is at the other end of the cage-shaped barrel sieve (23); the barrel sieve inlet (23a) ) is higher than the bucket sieve outlet (23b).

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are reflected in:

The utility model realizes the automatic dismantling and separation of waste batteries, greatly improves the dismantling efficiency of waste batteries, avoids the possibility that the heavy metal lead that may be caused by manual dismantling may cause harm to the health of workers, and directly realizes the separation of copper, Reduce smelting energy consumption and reduce pollution emissions.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the cutting mechanism in the utility model;

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the crushing and separating production line of battery box cover in the utility model;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a battery body separation production line in the present invention.

Labels in the figure: 1 battery transmission belt; 2 battery; 2a battery box cover; 2b battery body; 3 cutting knife; 3a guide plate; 3b hydraulic start controller; 3c secondary clutch controller; 4 box cover conveyor belt; 5 hydraulic cylinder ; 6 hydraulic rod; 7 hydraulic rod return spring; 8 wedge block; 9 control rod; 10 pressure rod; 11 control rod return spring; 12 centrifugal hammer mill; 13 hopper; Metal particle conveyor belt; 17 separation baffle; 18 plastic particle discharge port; 19 plastic particle filter; 20 water collection tank; 21 crushing shovel; feed port.

Detailed ways

Referring to Fig. 1, in this embodiment, the storage battery transmission belt 1 is arranged horizontally, and each storage battery 2 is arranged on the storage battery transmission belt 1 in the same direction according to the storage battery box cover 2a, and is transmitted from left to right along with the storage battery transmission belt 1; The top of the conveyor belt 1 is provided with a cutting mechanism, and the cutting knife 3 which can move up and down in the cutting mechanism to form a cutting action is on the longitudinal position of the junction of the battery box cover 2a and the battery body 2b; the box cover is set below the cutting machine Conveyor belt 4, battery box cover conveyor belt 4 is perpendicular to the transmission direction of battery conveyor belt 1.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the cutting knife 3 is driven by a hydraulic cylinder 5 and a transmission member by a hydraulic rod 6 , and a hydraulic rod return spring 7 is arranged on the hydraulic rod 6 . For the storage battery 2 delivered to the lower part of the cutting knife 3, under the hydraulic drive of the hydraulic cylinder 5, the falling cutting knife 3 directly cuts the battery box cover 2a from the storage battery to disconnect it from the storage battery body 2b. After the cutting is completed, Under the action of the hydraulic rod back-moving spring 7, the hydraulic rod 6 drives the cutting knife 3 to move up and reset, waiting for the next cutting. As the battery conveyor belt 1 continues to drive, the battery case cover 2a is blanked on the cover conveyor belt 4 and enters the next process of the cover crushing and separation production line; the battery body 2b is blanked at the other end of the battery conveyor belt 1 and enters the next process body separation production line.

In order to realize automatic control, an automatic cutting control assembly is provided in this embodiment, including a guide plate 3a, a secondary clutch controller 3c and a hydraulic start controller 3b. The coordination between the cutting mechanism and the battery conveyor belt is controlled by the coordinated work of the cutting automatic control components to realize automatic control. The specific control method is: the guide plate 3a fixed on the two ends of the cutting knife controls the cutting knife 3 to move up and down along the constraint direction of the guide plate track groove on the one hand; During the first-stage compression switch, the driving power of the storage battery transmission belt 1 is closed, and the storage battery transmission belt 1 stops transmitting.

In order to make the cutting action accurate and coordinated, at the two ends of the cutting knife 3, on the same side, there is a wedge block 8 fixedly connected with the cutting knife 3, and a control rod 9 is a rotatable rod with a pin shaft as the center of rotation. The top of the rod 9 leans against the slope of the wedge block 8, and the two control rods 9 respectively arranged at the two ends are connected with the pressure rod 10 at the bottom. The control rod 9 that is the center of rotation drives the pressure bar 10, and the pressure bar 10 is pressed against the battery 2 as the fixing plate of the battery, so that the battery 2 is fixed, so as to prevent the waste battery 2 from turning over and ensure accurate cutting. The cutting knife 3 continues to move down under the driving action of the hydraulic rod 6, and begins to cut the upper cover of the storage battery. Close the hydraulic power switch of the hydraulic cylinder 5. After the hydraulic power is removed, the cutting knife 3 rises rapidly under the upward restoring force of the hydraulic lever return spring 7. When the guide plate 3a rises and breaks away from the secondary clutch controller 3c, the wedge block 8 With the upward movement of the cutting knife 3, the control lever 9 drives the pressure lever 10 to lift under the action of the control lever return spring 11. At this time, the compression switch of the secondary clutch controller 3c is reset, and the driving power switch of the battery transmission belt 1 is restarted. , the battery transmission belt 1 resumes transmission, and the remaining battery body 2b after cutting is transported out, and at the same time, the next round of uncut batteries is successively transported below the position of the cutting knife 3. When the guide plate 3a rises back to the uppermost end and touches the hydraulic start controller 3b, the hydraulic power switch of the hydraulic cylinder 5 is started, and the cutting knife 3 is driven by the hydraulic power of the hydraulic rod 6 to restart a new round of cutting cycle.

As shown in Fig. 2, in this embodiment, a box cover crushing and separating production line is set at the blanking end of the battery box cover conveyor belt 4, and the box cover crushing and separating production line is to successively set boxes according to the material inlet of the next unit to undertake the material outlet of the previous unit. Lid crushing unit, lid hydraulic separation unit and lid solid-liquid separation unit;

As shown in Fig. 2, the lid crushing unit adopts a centrifugal hammer mill 12, and the hopper 13 is connected to the discharge end of the lid conveyor belt 4, and the particles reaching a certain particle size through crushing and sieving are discharged in the particle outlet 14, and the particles Exit 14 is undertaken by the next unit;

As shown in Figure 2, the particles from the box cover crushing unit include plastic particles, copper joints and lead joints. The plastic particles have a small specific gravity and float in water. A hydraulic separation device is used in the box cover hydraulic separation unit, specifically in the hydraulic separation unit. A metal particle conveyor belt 16 is set in the separation tank 15; the metal particle conveyor belt 16 is connected to the particle outlet 14 of the centrifugal hammer mill 12, and a separation baffle 17 is arranged in the hydraulic separation tank 15. An overflow port is set on the notch as a discharge port 18 for plastic particles. The plastic particles falling into the hydraulic separation tank 15 rise back to the water surface, and are blocked on the water surface side by the separation baffle 17. With the overflow formed by continuous water injection in the hydraulic separation tank 15, the plastic particles are discharged at the plastic particle discharge port 18. The middle overflows and enters the next unit, that is, the solid-liquid separation unit of the lid; the copper joint and the lead joint sink on the metal particle conveyor belt 16 due to the large proportion of the particles, and are transported and collected along with the metal particle conveyor belt 16.

As shown in Fig. 2, the lid solid-liquid separation unit is to undertake under the plastic particle discharge port 18 of the lid crushing unit with a plastic particle filter screen 19, and there is a water collection tank 20 to collect overflow from the lid crushing unit hydraulic separation tank 15. Flowing water, so far the dismantling and separation of the battery box cover is completed.

Referring to Fig. 3, in this embodiment, a body separation production line is arranged adjacent to the end of the battery conveyor belt 1, and the battery body 2b enters the body separation production line under the action of the conveying thrust of the battery conveyor belt 1, and the next unit is pressed in the body separation production line The material inlet of the previous unit is connected to the material outlet of the previous unit, and the main body crushing unit, the main body cage-shaped drum screening unit, the main body hydraulic separation unit and the main body solid-liquid separation unit are arranged in sequence.

As shown in Figure 3, the main body crushing unit adopts a crushing shovel 21 driven by a crankshaft linkage mechanism that can move up and down. The crushing shovel 21 is located above one end of the chute 22, and the chute 22 should be set so that the entrance is large and the exit is small. In the form of material trough 22, it is connected to the end of battery conveyor belt 1; the cage-shaped rotary bucket screening unit of the body adopts a rotatable cage-shaped bucket screen 23, and the materials crushed by the crushing shovel 21 are arranged on the cage-shaped bucket screen 23. The barrel sieve inlet 23a at one end enters the barrel, and the barrel sieve outlet 23b is at the other end of the cage-shaped barrel sieve 23; the barrel sieve inlet 23a is set higher than the barrel sieve outlet 23b, so that the material in the barrel Along with the rotation of the cage-shaped barrel sieve 23, it automatically moves from the barrel sieve inlet 23a to the barrel sieve outlet 23b; the body hydraulic separation unit and the body solid-liquid separation unit arranged successively in the next unit are connected with the box cover shown in Fig. 2 The corresponding structures on the crushing and separation production line are consistent.

Along with the movement of the battery conveyor belt 1, the battery body 2b is constantly pushed into one end of the material trough 22, and is constantly pushed in the material trough 22 to the end where the crushing shovel 21 is located. Broken by falling broken shovels. After being concentrated, the crushed objects are sent to the cage-shaped barrel screen 23 through the transmission device. With the continuous rotation of the cage-shaped barrel sieve 23, the crushed objects are repeatedly thrown down. It is vibrated into powder and continuously falls off from the grid of the pole plate, and is screened out from the screen holes by the cage-shaped bucket sieve 23; the grid of the pole plate with larger particle size, white asbestos separators and plastic particles are discharged from the bucket screen. It is discharged from the discharge port 23b. Then further use the body hydraulic separation unit and the body solid-liquid separation unit to complete the disassembly and separation of the battery body.

After the above procedures, the waste battery is not only disassembled and broken, but also can be separated into several components such as plastic particles, copper-lead joints, plate grids, plate powdery lead plaster, and asbestos separators in an orderly manner. Plastic particles can be recycled. Re-injection molding to make a new battery shell. The copper and lead joints are heated to about 400°C in the smelting furnace. The high-purity lead joints have a low melting point and are melted and directly cast into lead ingots. The copper joints do not melt at 400°C. After filtering out It is then melted and cast into copper ingots at a temperature of 1100°C. The main component of the pole plate grid is alloy lead, which is directly melted and cast into alloy lead ingot at a temperature of 500°C. Asbestos separators can also be directly recycled and reprocessed to make new asbestos separators for reprocessing and manufacturing of batteries. The main component of the plate powdery lead paste is a mixture of PbSO ₄ , PbO, and PbS. After adding these mixtures to water, add soda ash Na ₂ CO ₃ to make PbSO4 react into PbCO ₃ , and then filter and dry the precipitates PbCO3, PbO, and PbS Then put it into the smelting furnace and heat it to 800°C to melt, and finally add the reducing agent iron powder and carbon powder, and the crude lead can be obtained through the reduction reaction. Copper-containing lead alloys cannot directly regenerate batteries, and require secondary refining to remove copper, which increases energy consumption and pollution emissions. Alloyed lead, refined lead, and crude lead obtained through the above smelting procedures can be directly used for regenerative batteries because they do not contain copper. The most critical and core technology of this system is to directly separate the copper component to prevent it from being mixed into the raw material to be smelted into a copper-containing lead alloy.

Claims (7)

1. An energy-saving and environment-friendly waste battery automatic dismantling and separation system, characterized in that: The storage battery transmission belt (1) is arranged horizontally, and each storage battery (2) is arranged on the storage battery transmission belt (1) according to the battery case cover (2a) in the same direction, and is transmitted from left to right along with the storage battery transmission belt (1); A cutting mechanism is arranged above the battery conveyor belt (1), and the cutting knife (3) in the cutting mechanism that can move up and down to form a cutting action is located at the longitudinal position of the junction of the battery box cover and the battery body (2b) ; The cutting mechanism is provided with a cutting automatic control assembly; the lid conveyor belt (4) is set below the cutting mechanism, and the lid conveyor belt (4) is perpendicular to the transmission direction of the storage battery conveyor belt (1); A box cover crushing and separation production line is set at the blanking end of the box cover conveyor belt (4), and the box cover crushing and separation production line is to successively set the box cover crushing unit, box cover Hydraulic separation unit and lid solid-liquid separation unit; A body separation production line is set at the battery body blanking end of the battery conveyor belt (1), and the body separation production line is to successively set up a body crushing unit, a body tumbler unit, a body Hydraulic separation unit and bulk solid-liquid separation unit. 2. The energy-saving and environment-friendly waste battery automatic dismantling and separation system according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutting knife (3) is set to be driven by a hydraulic cylinder (5) and driven by a hydraulic rod (6) pieces. 3. The energy-saving and environment-friendly waste battery automatic dismantling and separation system according to claim 1, characterized in that both ends of the cutting knife (3) are on the same side, and are fixed with the cutting knife (3). A wedge block (8) is connected, and a control rod (9) is a rotatable rod with a bearing pin as the center of rotation. The top of the control rod (9) leans against the slope of the wedge block (8), respectively The two control rods (9) at the two ends are connected with the pressure rod (10) at the bottom, and the wedge block (8) moves down with the cutting knife (3) through the control rod (9) with the pin as the center of rotation. Drive the pressing bar (10) to press on the accumulator (2), and use the pressing bar (10) as the fixing bar of the accumulator (2). 4. The energy-saving and environment-friendly waste battery automatic dismantling and separation system according to claim 1, characterized in that the lid crushing unit adopts a centrifugal hammer mill (12), and the centrifugal hammer mill (12) The hopper (13) is connected to the discharge end of the lid conveyor belt (4), and the crushed and sieved particles are discharged in the particle outlet (14) of the centrifugal hammer mill (12). 5. The energy-saving and environment-friendly waste battery automatic dismantling and separation system according to claim 4, characterized in that a hydraulic separation device is used in the lid hydraulic separation unit, and the hydraulic separation device is in the hydraulic separation tank (15) A metal particle conveyor belt (16) is arranged in the middle; the metal particle conveyor belt (16) is carried on the particle outlet (14) of the centrifugal hammer mill (12), and a separation block is arranged in the hydraulic separation tank (15). The plate (17), on the notch of the hydraulic separation tank (15), an overflow port is set as the plastic particle discharge port (18). 6. The energy-saving and environment-friendly waste battery automatic dismantling and separation system according to claim 5, characterized in that the lid solid-liquid separation unit uses a plastic particle filter (19) to accept the discharge of plastic particles from the lid crushing unit Below the mouth (18), there is a sump (20) to collect the overflow water from the lid crushing unit hydraulic separation tank (15). 7. The energy-saving and environment-friendly waste battery automatic dismantling and separation system according to claim 1, characterized in that the main body crushing unit is provided with a crushing shovel (21) driven by a crankshaft connecting rod mechanism that can move up and down, and a material trough is provided (22) Undertake one end of the blanking of the battery body on the battery conveyor belt (1), and the crushing shovel (21) is located on the upper side of one end of the trough (22); The rotating cage-shaped bucket screen (23), the material broken by the crushing shovel (21) enters the bucket through the bucket screen inlet (23a) arranged at one end of the cage-shaped bucket screen (23), and the bucket screen outlet ( 23b) is at the other end of the cage-shaped barrel sieve (23); the barrel sieve inlet (23a) is set higher than the barrel sieve outlet (23b).

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