[go: up one dir, main page]

ZA9811879B - Osmotic drug delivery monitoring system and method. - Google Patents

Osmotic drug delivery monitoring system and method.

Info

Publication number
ZA9811879B
ZA9811879B ZA9811879A ZA9811879A ZA9811879B ZA 9811879 B ZA9811879 B ZA 9811879B ZA 9811879 A ZA9811879 A ZA 9811879A ZA 9811879 A ZA9811879 A ZA 9811879A ZA 9811879 B ZA9811879 B ZA 9811879B
Authority
ZA
South Africa
Prior art keywords
monitoring system
drug delivery
osmotic drug
delivery monitoring
osmotic
Prior art date
Application number
ZA9811879A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Rupal Ayer
James B Eckenhoff
Stephen A Berry
Gregory R Stewart
Scott D Jordan
Original Assignee
Alza Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alza Corp filed Critical Alza Corp
Publication of ZA9811879B publication Critical patent/ZA9811879B/xx

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0002Galenical forms characterised by the drug release technique; Application systems commanded by energy
    • A61K9/0004Osmotic delivery systems; Sustained release driven by osmosis, thermal energy or gas
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M31/00Devices for introducing or retaining media, e.g. remedies, in cavities of the body
    • A61M31/002Devices for releasing a drug at a continuous and controlled rate for a prolonged period of time
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/14Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
    • A61M5/142Pressure infusion, e.g. using pumps
    • A61M5/14212Pumping with an aspiration and an expulsion action
    • A61M5/1424Manually operated pumps
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0019Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
    • A61K9/0024Solid, semi-solid or solidifying implants, which are implanted or injected in body tissue
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2250/00Specially adapted for animals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/01Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
    • A61M25/0105Steering means as part of the catheter or advancing means; Markers for positioning
    • A61M25/0108Steering means as part of the catheter or advancing means; Markers for positioning using radio-opaque or ultrasound markers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/14Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
    • A61M5/168Means for controlling media flow to the body or for metering media to the body, e.g. drip meters, counters ; Monitoring media flow to the body
    • A61M5/16831Monitoring, detecting, signalling or eliminating infusion flow anomalies
    • A61M5/1684Monitoring, detecting, signalling or eliminating infusion flow anomalies by detecting the amount of infusate remaining, e.g. signalling end of infusion

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
ZA9811879A 1997-12-31 1998-12-28 Osmotic drug delivery monitoring system and method. ZA9811879B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US7017897P 1997-12-31 1997-12-31

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ZA9811879B true ZA9811879B (en) 1999-09-02

Family

ID=22093633

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
ZA9811879A ZA9811879B (en) 1997-12-31 1998-12-28 Osmotic drug delivery monitoring system and method.

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) US6283953B1 (xx)
EP (1) EP1051217B8 (xx)
AR (1) AR014231A1 (xx)
AT (2) ATE322928T1 (xx)
AU (1) AU1937099A (xx)
CA (1) CA2316887C (xx)
DE (2) DE69834213T2 (xx)
DK (1) DK1051217T3 (xx)
ES (1) ES2205595T3 (xx)
PT (1) PT1051217E (xx)
TW (1) TW381974B (xx)
WO (1) WO1999033513A1 (xx)
ZA (1) ZA9811879B (xx)

Families Citing this family (63)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2196918T3 (es) * 1998-12-31 2003-12-16 Alza Corp Sistema de suministro osmotico dotado de piston con economia de espacio..
CA2390261C (en) * 1999-11-08 2014-04-22 University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. Marker detection method and apparatus to monitor drug compliance
US20050054942A1 (en) * 2002-01-22 2005-03-10 Melker Richard J. System and method for therapeutic drug monitoring
US6981947B2 (en) * 2002-01-22 2006-01-03 University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. Method and apparatus for monitoring respiratory gases during anesthesia
US7104963B2 (en) * 2002-01-22 2006-09-12 University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. Method and apparatus for monitoring intravenous (IV) drug concentration using exhaled breath
US7052854B2 (en) 2001-05-23 2006-05-30 University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. Application of nanotechnology and sensor technologies for ex-vivo diagnostics
WO2002095398A1 (en) 2001-05-24 2002-11-28 University Of Florida Method and apparatus for detecting environmental smoke exposure
US20070167853A1 (en) 2002-01-22 2007-07-19 Melker Richard J System and method for monitoring health using exhaled breath
US7927613B2 (en) * 2002-02-15 2011-04-19 University Of South Florida Pharmaceutical co-crystal compositions
WO2003074474A2 (en) 2002-03-01 2003-09-12 University Of South Florida Multiple-component solid phases containing at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient
US20100311701A1 (en) * 2002-02-15 2010-12-09 Transform Pharmaceuticals, Inc Pharmaceutical Co-Crystal Compositions
WO2004000284A1 (en) * 2002-06-21 2003-12-31 Transform Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Pharmaceutical compositions with improved dissolution
US7790905B2 (en) * 2002-02-15 2010-09-07 Mcneil-Ppc, Inc. Pharmaceutical propylene glycol solvate compositions
US7731947B2 (en) * 2003-11-17 2010-06-08 Intarcia Therapeutics, Inc. Composition and dosage form comprising an interferon particle formulation and suspending vehicle
US8183290B2 (en) 2002-12-30 2012-05-22 Mcneil-Ppc, Inc. Pharmaceutically acceptable propylene glycol solvate of naproxen
EP2339328A3 (en) 2002-12-30 2011-07-13 Transform Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Pharmaceutical co-crystal compositions of celecoxib
AU2003272270A1 (en) 2003-02-28 2004-09-28 The Regents Of The University Of Michigan Pharmaceutical co-crystal compositions of drugs such as carbamazeptine, celecoxib, olanzapine, itraconazole, topiramate, modafinil, 5-fluorouracil, hydrochlorothiazide, acetaminophen, aspirin, flurbiprofen, phenytoin and ibuprofen
US20040214893A1 (en) * 2003-04-11 2004-10-28 Matthew Peterson Gabapentin compositions
EP1626950A4 (en) 2003-05-23 2007-05-23 Transform Pharmaceuticals Inc SERTRALINZUSAMMENSETZUNGEN
US20050020899A1 (en) * 2003-07-25 2005-01-27 Rubicor Medical, Inc. Post-biopsy cavity treatmetn implants and methods
WO2005030182A1 (en) 2003-09-26 2005-04-07 Alza Corporation Controlled release formulations exhibiting an ascending rate of release
US8246986B2 (en) 2003-09-26 2012-08-21 Alza Corporation Drug coating providing high drug loading
MXPA06003454A (es) * 2003-09-26 2006-08-31 Johnson & Johnson Formulaciones de liberacion controlada de analgesicos opioides y no opiodes.
US20050113410A1 (en) * 2003-11-03 2005-05-26 Mark Tawa Pharmaceutical salts of zafirlukast
JP2007512359A (ja) 2003-11-19 2007-05-17 メタバシス・セラピューティクス・インコーポレイテッド 新規なリン含有甲状腺ホルモン様物質
US20060004037A1 (en) * 2004-03-25 2006-01-05 Transform Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Novel tricyclic compounds and related methods of treatment
EP1765379A4 (en) * 2004-06-17 2009-05-27 Transform Pharmaceuticals Inc PHARMACEUTICAL CO-CRYSTAL COMPOSITIONS AND RELEVANT USE METHOD
US8541026B2 (en) * 2004-09-24 2013-09-24 Abbvie Inc. Sustained release formulations of opioid and nonopioid analgesics
US8779175B2 (en) * 2004-10-25 2014-07-15 Synthonics, Inc. Coordination complexes, pharmaceutical solutions comprising coordination complexes, and methods of treating patients
US20060160783A1 (en) * 2004-12-30 2006-07-20 Transform Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Novel omeprazole forms and related methods
DE102006021016A1 (de) * 2006-05-05 2007-11-15 Dürschinger, Günter Chemisch aktivierbare Kapsel für die Durchgangsprüfung und Behandlung des Darm-Trakts
EP2037999B1 (en) 2006-07-07 2016-12-28 Proteus Digital Health, Inc. Smart parenteral administration system
US7914460B2 (en) 2006-08-15 2011-03-29 University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. Condensate glucose analyzer
US9114133B2 (en) 2006-08-25 2015-08-25 U.S. Dept. Of Veterans Affairs Method of improving diastolic dysfunction
PT2129654E (pt) 2007-02-09 2014-09-04 Metabasis Therapeutics Inc Antagonistas do receptor de glucagina
CN106279283A (zh) 2007-08-13 2017-01-04 症变治疗公司 新颖的葡糖激酶活化剂
US8707964B2 (en) * 2007-10-31 2014-04-29 The Invention Science Fund I, Llc Medical or veterinary digestive tract utilization systems and methods
US20090105561A1 (en) * 2007-10-17 2009-04-23 Searete Llc, A Limited Liability Corporation Of The State Of Delaware Medical or veterinary digestive tract utilization systems and methods
US8303573B2 (en) * 2007-10-17 2012-11-06 The Invention Science Fund I, Llc Medical or veterinary digestive tract utilization systems and methods
US8789536B2 (en) * 2007-10-17 2014-07-29 The Invention Science Fund I, Llc Medical or veterinary digestive tract utilization systems and methods
US8038659B2 (en) * 2007-10-17 2011-10-18 The Invention Science Fund I, Llc Disintegrating digestive tract interaction system
US8808276B2 (en) * 2007-10-23 2014-08-19 The Invention Science Fund I, Llc Adaptive dispensation in a digestive tract
US9125979B2 (en) 2007-10-25 2015-09-08 Proteus Digital Health, Inc. Fluid transfer port information system
US8808271B2 (en) * 2007-10-31 2014-08-19 The Invention Science Fund I, Llc Medical or veterinary digestive tract utilization systems and methods
US20090163894A1 (en) * 2007-10-31 2009-06-25 Searete Llc, A Limited Liability Corporation Of The State Of Delaware Medical or veterinary digestive tract utilization systems and methods
US8109920B2 (en) * 2007-10-31 2012-02-07 The Invention Science Fund I, Llc Medical or veterinary digestive tract utilization systems and methods
US8333754B2 (en) * 2007-10-31 2012-12-18 The Invention Science Fund I, Llc Medical or veterinary digestive tract utilization systems and methods
WO2009067463A1 (en) 2007-11-19 2009-05-28 Proteus Biomedical, Inc. Body-associated fluid transport structure evaluation devices
US20090137866A1 (en) * 2007-11-28 2009-05-28 Searete Llc, A Limited Liability Corporation Of The State Delaware Medical or veterinary digestive tract utilization systems and methods
US9226907B2 (en) 2008-02-01 2016-01-05 Abbvie Inc. Extended release hydrocodone acetaminophen and related methods and uses thereof
CN104803891B (zh) 2008-08-13 2017-10-20 症变治疗公司 胰高血糖素拮抗剂
EP2531096A4 (en) 2010-02-01 2013-09-11 Proteus Digital Health Inc DATA COLLECTION SYSTEM FOR TWO WRIST
RU2587795C2 (ru) 2010-02-01 2016-06-20 Проутьюс Диджитал Хэлс, Инк. Система сбора данных
EP2556082B1 (en) 2010-04-08 2017-02-22 Emory University Substituted androst-4-ene diones
US9585930B2 (en) 2011-03-20 2017-03-07 Trustees Of Boston University Therapeutic agent for emphysema and COPD
US20140227293A1 (en) 2011-06-30 2014-08-14 Trustees Of Boston University Method for controlling tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis using immunoglobulin containing and proline rich receptor-1 (igpr-1)
DK2869870T3 (en) * 2012-07-06 2019-03-11 Sanofi Aventis Deutschland PHARMACEUTICAL MANAGEMENT DEVICE
CN113413537A (zh) * 2013-08-19 2021-09-21 塔里斯生物医药公司 多单元药物递送装置和方法
EP3036226B1 (en) 2013-08-22 2020-01-08 The General Hospital Corporation Inhibitors of human 12/15-lipoxygenase
EP3154956A4 (en) 2014-06-12 2018-01-17 Ligand Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Glucagon antagonists
EP3752249A1 (en) 2018-02-13 2020-12-23 Ligand Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Glucagon receptor antagonists
JP7167336B2 (ja) 2018-11-02 2022-11-08 バイオナット ラブス リミテッド 小型化されたデバイスからのペイロード放出の磁気機械的トリガー
JPWO2023181997A1 (xx) * 2022-03-25 2023-09-28

Family Cites Families (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3732865A (en) 1971-01-13 1973-05-15 Alza Corp Osmotic dispenser
US3995631A (en) 1971-01-13 1976-12-07 Alza Corporation Osmotic dispenser with means for dispensing active agent responsive to osmotic gradient
US3845770A (en) 1972-06-05 1974-11-05 Alza Corp Osmatic dispensing device for releasing beneficial agent
US3995632A (en) 1973-05-04 1976-12-07 Alza Corporation Osmotic dispenser
US3916889A (en) 1973-09-28 1975-11-04 Sandoz Ag Patient ventilator apparatus
DE2626348C3 (de) * 1976-06-11 1980-01-31 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen Implantierbare Dosiereinrichtung
US4111203A (en) 1976-11-22 1978-09-05 Alza Corporation Osmotic system with means for improving delivery kinetics of system
US4111202A (en) 1976-11-22 1978-09-05 Alza Corporation Osmotic system for the controlled and delivery of agent over time
US4203439A (en) 1976-11-22 1980-05-20 Alza Corporation Osmotic system with volume amplifier for increasing amount of agent delivered therefrom
US4243030A (en) 1978-08-18 1981-01-06 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Implantable programmed microinfusion apparatus
US4373527B1 (en) 1979-04-27 1995-06-27 Univ Johns Hopkins Implantable programmable medication infusion system
US4340054A (en) 1980-12-29 1982-07-20 Alza Corporation Dispenser for delivering fluids and solids
US4439196A (en) 1982-03-18 1984-03-27 Merck & Co., Inc. Osmotic drug delivery system
US4457752A (en) * 1982-09-13 1984-07-03 Csaba Vadasz Surgically implantable pump
US4552561A (en) 1982-12-23 1985-11-12 Alza Corporation Body mounted pump housing and pump assembly employing the same
US4639244A (en) 1983-05-03 1987-01-27 Nabil I. Rizk Implantable electrophoretic pump for ionic drugs and associated methods
USH150H (en) 1984-08-03 1986-11-04 Medtronic, Inc. Accessory module for implantable fluid dispensing device
DE3610825A1 (de) * 1985-01-07 1987-10-08 Kurt Dr Ing Ziesche Geraet zur soforthilfe bei herzanfaellen und aehnlichem
NO165378C (no) * 1985-11-22 1991-02-06 Ellingsen O & Co Medikamentavgivende innretning for implantering i menneskekroppen.
US4865845A (en) 1986-03-21 1989-09-12 Alza Corporation Release rate adjustment of osmotic or diffusional delivery devices
JPS63300774A (ja) * 1987-05-29 1988-12-07 Kanji Takada 埋込み用薬液注入装置
US4874388A (en) 1987-06-25 1989-10-17 Alza Corporation Multi-layer delivery system
US5151093A (en) 1990-10-29 1992-09-29 Alza Corporation Osmotically driven syringe with programmable agent delivery
GB9027422D0 (en) 1990-12-18 1991-02-06 Scras Osmotically driven infusion device
US5137727A (en) 1991-06-12 1992-08-11 Alza Corporation Delivery device providing beneficial agent stability
US5223265A (en) 1992-01-10 1993-06-29 Alza Corporation Osmotic device with delayed activation of drug delivery
US5308348A (en) 1992-02-18 1994-05-03 Alza Corporation Delivery devices with pulsatile effect
US5456679A (en) 1992-02-18 1995-10-10 Alza Corporation Delivery devices with pulsatile effect
CA2150019C (en) * 1992-11-30 1999-01-05 Scott M. Herbig Supported liquid membrane delivery devices
US5421818A (en) * 1993-10-18 1995-06-06 Inner Ear Medical Delivery Systems, Inc. Multi-functional inner ear treatment and diagnostic system
SE9400821D0 (sv) * 1994-03-10 1994-03-10 Siemens Elema Ab Implanterbart infusionssystem med tryckneutral läkemedelsbehållare
EP1249229A3 (en) 1996-02-02 2005-02-02 ALZA Corporation Sustained delivery of an active agent using an implantable system
DE69730027T2 (de) * 1996-05-24 2004-11-25 Alza Corp., Mountain View Abgabevorrichtung zur Abgabe eines Farbstoffs an eine Nähstoffformulie- rung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1999033513A1 (en) 1999-07-08
ATE322928T1 (de) 2006-04-15
ES2205595T3 (es) 2004-05-01
EP1051217B1 (en) 2003-08-27
EP1051217B8 (en) 2004-07-21
EP1051217A1 (en) 2000-11-15
DE69834213T2 (de) 2007-01-25
DE69817621T2 (de) 2004-03-25
ATE248002T1 (de) 2003-09-15
CA2316887A1 (en) 1999-07-08
DE69817621D1 (de) 2003-10-02
AU1937099A (en) 1999-07-19
AR014231A1 (es) 2001-02-07
HK1032363A1 (en) 2001-07-20
CA2316887C (en) 2008-04-08
DK1051217T3 (da) 2003-12-08
PT1051217E (pt) 2003-12-31
US6283953B1 (en) 2001-09-04
DE69834213D1 (de) 2006-05-24
TW381974B (en) 2000-02-11

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
ZA9811879B (en) Osmotic drug delivery monitoring system and method.
ZA988203B (en) Aerosol medication delivery apparatus and system.
IL143087A0 (en) Drug delivery systems and methods
GB2338414B (en) Intravesical drug delivery system
EP0662851A4 (en) DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM.
EP1104286A4 (en) DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS USING COMPOSITE HYDROGELS
ZA965931B (en) Transcorneal drug delivery system.
EP0671165A3 (en) Injectable system for the delivery of a collagen drug and its use.
EP0738230A4 (en) SELECTIVE DELIVERY CONVEYOR
ZA986629B (en) Osmotic delivery system flow modulator apparatus and method
EP1015971A4 (en) RELIABLE EVENT ISSUE SYSTEM
EP1080231A4 (en) MULTIMOLECULAR DEVICES, SYSTEMS FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF ACTIVE SUBSTANCES AND SELECTION OF INDIVIDUAL MOLECULES
AU7493398A (en) Pulsatile drug delivery system
ZA97405B (en) Gastrointestinal drug delivery system
AU8658998A (en) Osmotic delivery system with semipermeable plug
IL110024A0 (en) Protein drugs delivery system
EP1061987A4 (en) DEVICE FOR ADMINISTERING A MEDICINAL PRODUCT
EP0989878A4 (en) DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
ZA97734B (en) Wireless message delivery system.
ZA983050B (en) System and method for administering two liquids.
AU7201998A (en) Drug delivery system
EP1021137A4 (en) ARRANGEMENT FOR MEDICINE DELIVERY
AU3481497A (en) Chitosan drug delivery system
HUP0203908A3 (en) Osmotic delivery system and method for delivery first of all of medicine
ITRM950439A0 (it) Procedimento ed apparecchio per la erogazione di messaggi in un sistema per comunicazioni.