WO2023054649A1 - 組成物、組成物の製造方法及びシートの製造方法 - Google Patents
組成物、組成物の製造方法及びシートの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08L27/18—Homopolymers or copolymers or tetrafluoroethene
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- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/20—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring
- C08J3/205—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring in the presence of a continuous liquid phase
- C08J3/21—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring in the presence of a continuous liquid phase the polymer being premixed with a liquid phase
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- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/01—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients characterized by their specific function
- C08K3/013—Fillers, pigments or reinforcing additives
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- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K3/36—Silica
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/38—Boron-containing compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/01—Hydrocarbons
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/05—Alcohols; Metal alcoholates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/05—Alcohols; Metal alcoholates
- C08K5/053—Polyhydroxylic alcohols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2327/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2327/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08J2327/12—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08J2327/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
- C08L2205/025—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group containing two or more polymers of the same hierarchy C08L, and differing only in parameters such as density, comonomer content, molecular weight, structure
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a composition, a method for manufacturing a composition, and a method for manufacturing a sheet.
- Polytetrafluoroethylene has excellent physical properties such as electrical insulation, water and oil repellency, chemical resistance and heat resistance. Therefore, a dispersion of polytetrafluoroethylene particles dispersed in water or an oily solvent is useful as a material for forming resists, adhesives, electrical insulating layers, lubricants, inks, paints, and the like.
- functional particles such as fluorine-based resins other than polytetrafluoroethylene and inorganic particles may be used together with polytetrafluoroethylene.
- polytetrafluoroethylene has a low surface energy and its particles tend to agglomerate.
- JP-A-2015-44288 requires separate preparation of the co-aggregated powder, and is a method with low production efficiency.
- the method described in JP-A-2015-164801 uses a large amount of naphtha as a molding aid to disperse polytetrafluoroethylene particles and the like. low.
- the present disclosure has been made in view of the above-described conventional circumstances, and the present disclosure is a composition that can shorten the process and time required for molding a molded product, and can form a molded product that suppresses the occurrence of powder fallout and aggregates.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a product, a method for producing this composition, and a method for producing a sheet using this composition.
- composition according to ⁇ 1> or ⁇ 2> wherein the liquid compound contains at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, glycerin and propylene glycol.
- Particles containing polytetrafluoroethylene, particles containing a heat-fusible tetrafluoroethylene-based polymer, water, and a surfactant, wherein the particles containing polytetrafluoroethylene and the heat-fusible tetrafluoroethylene A composition wherein the water content by mass is less than the total content by mass of the particles comprising the ethylene-based polymer, and the surface tension of the mixture of the water and the surfactant is less than 72 dyn/cm.
- ⁇ 5> The composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 4>, wherein the hot-melt tetrafluoroethylene-based polymer has a melting temperature of 200 to 320°C.
- ⁇ 6> The composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 5>, wherein the heat-meltable tetrafluoroethylene-based polymer has an oxygen-containing polar group.
- the ratio of the polytetrafluoroethylene-containing particles to the total of the polytetrafluoroethylene-containing particles and the heat-meltable tetrafluoroethylene-based polymer-containing particles is 40 to 80% by mass ⁇ 1>
- inorganic particles contain at least one selected from the group consisting of silica, boron nitride and titanium dioxide.
- ⁇ 11> The composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 10>, further comprising an aromatic polymer or a precursor thereof.
- ⁇ 12> The composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 11>, which is a kneaded product.
- Particles containing polytetrafluoroethylene, particles containing a heat-melting tetrafluoroethylene-based polymer, and a liquid compound having a surface tension of less than 72 dyn/cm are kneaded to obtain the particles containing polytetrafluoroethylene and the A method for producing a composition, comprising obtaining a composition in which the mass-based content of the liquid compound is less than the total mass-based content of particles containing a hot-melt tetrafluoroethylene-based polymer.
- ⁇ 14> Particles containing polytetrafluoroethylene, particles containing a heat-fusible tetrafluoroethylene-based polymer, water, and a surfactant are kneaded to obtain the particles containing polytetrafluoroethylene and the heat-fusible tetrafluoroethylene-based polymer.
- ⁇ 15> A method for producing a sheet, comprising molding the composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 12> to obtain a sheet.
- a composition that can shorten the steps and time required for molding a molded product and can form a molded product that suppresses the occurrence of powder drop and aggregates, a method for producing the composition, and the composition There is provided a method of manufacturing a sheet using
- each component may contain multiple types of applicable substances.
- the content rate or content of each component is the total content rate or content of the multiple types of substances present in the composition unless otherwise specified. means quantity.
- the particles corresponding to each component may include multiple types of particles.
- the particle size of each component means a value for a mixture of the multiple types of particles present in the composition, unless otherwise specified.
- the term "layer” includes not only the case where the layer is formed in the entire region when observing the region where the layer exists, but also the case where it is formed only in part of the region. included.
- the term "laminate” indicates stacking layers, and two or more layers may be bonded, or two or more layers may be detachable.
- a "polymer” is a compound formed by polymerizing monomers.
- a "polymer” has multiple monomer-based units.
- a "unit” in a polymer means an atomic group based on the monomer formed by polymerization of the monomer.
- the units may be units directly formed by a polymerization reaction, or may be units in which some of said units have been converted to another structure by treatment of the polymer.
- the unit based on the monomer a is also simply referred to as “monomer a unit".
- the "melting temperature” is the temperature corresponding to the maximum value of the melting peak of the polymer measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). .
- melt flow rate means the melt mass flow rate of a polymer as defined in JIS K 7210-1:2014 (ISO1133-1:2011).
- glass transition point (Tg) is a value measured by analyzing a polymer by dynamic viscoelasticity measurement (DMA).
- volume average particle diameter (D50)" of particles is the volume-based cumulative 50% diameter of particles determined by a laser diffraction/scattering method. That is, the particle size distribution is measured by a laser diffraction/scattering method, and the cumulative curve is obtained with the total volume of the group of particles being 100%.
- the D50 of the particles is obtained by dispersing the particles in water and analyzing them by a laser diffraction/scattering method using a laser diffraction/scattering particle size distribution analyzer (for example, LA-920 measuring instrument manufactured by Horiba Ltd.).
- a laser diffraction/scattering particle size distribution analyzer for example, LA-920 measuring instrument manufactured by Horiba Ltd.
- the “aspect ratio” of particles represents the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis (long axis/short axis) when the particles are observed with an SEM.
- the aspect ratio of the particles is the average value of the aspect ratios of 100 randomly selected particles.
- the “specific surface area” is a value calculated by measuring particles by gas adsorption (constant volume method) BET multipoint method, and is determined using NOVA4200e (manufactured by Quantachrome Instruments).
- surface tension refers to a value measured under conditions of 25° C. by the plate method (Wilhelmy method). The surface tension can be measured using an automatic surface tension meter CBVP-Z type (manufactured by Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd.).
- the first composition of the present disclosure comprises particles (hereinafter also referred to as PTFE particles) containing polytetrafluoroethylene (hereinafter also referred to as PTFE) and a heat-melting tetrafluoroethylene-based polymer (hereinafter also referred to as F polymer ) (hereinafter also referred to as F particles) and a liquid compound having a surface tension of less than 72 dyn/cm (hereinafter also referred to as a specific liquid compound), based on the mass of the PTFE particles and the F particles is a composition in which the content of the specific liquid compound on a mass basis is less than the total content of
- the second composition of the present disclosure includes PTFE particles, F particles, water, and a surfactant, and the content of the water based on the mass is higher than the total content based on the mass of the PTFE particles and the F particles.
- the unit of surface tension "dyn/cm" is the same as "mN/m", and 1 dyn/cm is 1 mN/m.
- the first composition and the second composition are collectively referred to as the present composition.
- the composition of the present invention can shorten the steps and time required for molding a molded article, and can form a molded article in which the occurrence of powder fallout and aggregates is suppressed.
- the present composition uses F particles containing an F polymer that is highly homogeneous with PTFE and relatively readily interacts with components other than PTFE. Therefore, the presence of the F particles in the present composition promotes interaction between the PTFE particles and components other than the PTFE particles.
- both PTFE and F polymer are resins with low surface tension
- the composition contains a specific liquid compound with low surface tension, or water and a surfactant, thereby promoting wetting of the F particles.
- PTFE may be a homopolymer of tetrafluoroethylene (hereinafter also referred to as TFE), and contains a very small amount of perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) (hereinafter also referred to as PAVE) and hexafluoropropylene (hereinafter also referred to as HFP. ), a so-called modified PTFE, which is a copolymer of TFE with a comonomer such as fluoroalkylethylene.
- the proportion of TFE units in PTFE is 99.5 mol% or more, preferably 99.9 mol% or more, of all units.
- the PTFE is preferably non-heat fusible.
- PTFE is preferably PTFE having a number average molecular weight Mn of 200,000 or more calculated based on the following formula (1).
- Mn 2.1 ⁇ 10 10 ⁇ ⁇ Hc -5.16 (1)
- Mn represents the number average molecular weight of PTFE
- ⁇ Hc represents the heat of crystallization (cal/g) of PTFE measured by differential scanning calorimetry.
- D50 of the PTFE particles is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.2 ⁇ m or more. D50 of the PTFE particles is preferably 3 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or less.
- the content of PTFE particles in the present composition is preferably 5 to 60% by mass, more preferably 10 to 50% by mass, even more preferably 10 to 40% by mass.
- the content of PTFE particles in the present composition may be 10 to 60% by mass, 12 to 50% by mass, or 12 to 40% by mass, from the viewpoint of the stretching strength of the formed sheet. There may be.
- the specific surface area of the PTFE particles is preferably 1-20 m 2 /g. One type of PTFE particles may be used, or two or more types may be used.
- the PTFE particles may contain other components in addition to PTFE, particles made of PTFE are preferred.
- the PTFE content in the PTFE particles is preferably 90% by mass or more, more preferably 99% by mass or more.
- Other components that may be included in the PTFE particles include other resins or inorganic compounds described below.
- F polymers are hot meltable.
- a hot-melt polymer means a polymer for which there exists a temperature at which the melt flow rate is between 1 and 1000 g/10 minutes under the condition of a load of 49N.
- the melting temperature of the F polymer is preferably 200° C. or higher, more preferably 260° C. or higher.
- the melting temperature of the F polymer is preferably 320° C. or lower, more preferably 310° C. or lower.
- the glass transition point of F polymer is preferably 50° C. or higher, more preferably 75° C. or higher.
- the glass transition point of the F polymer is preferably 150° C. or lower, more preferably 125° C. or lower.
- the fluorine content of the F polymer is preferably 70% by mass or more, more preferably 72 to 76% by mass.
- the surface tension of the F polymer is preferably 16-26 dyn/cm. The surface tension of the F polymer can be measured by placing a droplet of a wetting index reagent (manufactured by FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) on a flat plate made of the F polymer.
- the F polymer which has a high fluorine content, is excellent in physical properties such as electrical properties, but has a low surface tension and tends to have low affinity with other components such as liquid compounds.
- the present composition contains a liquid compound with a low surface tension, or water and a surfactant, the PTFE particles and F particles are well mixed and uniformly distributed, and the generation of aggregates is suppressed. guessed.
- the F polymer may be a polymer containing TFE units and more than trace amounts of other units.
- F polymers are polymers containing TFE units and ethylene-based units, polymers containing TFE units and propylene-based units, polymers containing TFE units and PAVE-based units (combinations of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoroalkoxyethylene).
- polymer also referred to as PFA
- PFA polymer containing TFE units and units based on HFP (tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer
- FEP tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer
- PFA and FEP are more preferred
- PFA is further preferred. preferable.
- These polymers may also contain units based on other comonomers.
- the proportion of TFE units in the F polymer is less than 99.5 mol %, preferably 90-99.0 mol %, of all units.
- the F polymer has oxygen-containing polar groups.
- the oxygen-containing polar group include a hydroxyl group-containing group and a carbonyl group-containing group, and from the viewpoint of improving adhesiveness, the oxygen-containing polar group is preferably a carbonyl group-containing group.
- the hydroxyl group-containing group is preferably a group containing an alcoholic hydroxyl group, more preferably -CF 2 CH 2 OH and -C(CF 3 ) 2 OH.
- a carbonyl group-containing group includes a carboxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an amide group, an isocyanate group, a carbamate group (-OC(O)NH 2 ), an acid anhydride residue (-C(O)OC(O)-), an imide Residues (--C(O)NHC(O)--, etc.) and carbonate groups (--OC(O)O--) are preferred, and acid anhydride residues are more preferred.
- the number of oxygen-containing polar groups in F polymer is preferably 10 to 5,000, more preferably 100 to 3,000 per 1 ⁇ 10 6 carbon atoms in the main chain.
- the number of oxygen-containing polar groups in the F polymer can be quantified by the composition of the polymer or the method described in WO2020/145133.
- the oxygen-containing polar group may be contained in a unit based on a monomer in the F polymer, or may be contained in a terminal group of the main chain of the F polymer, the former being preferred.
- Examples of the latter embodiment include an F polymer having an oxygen-containing polar group as a terminal group derived from a polymerization initiator, a chain transfer agent, etc., and an F polymer obtained by subjecting the F polymer to plasma treatment or ionizing radiation treatment.
- the monomer having a carbonyl group-containing group is preferably itaconic anhydride, citraconic anhydride and 5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride (hereinafter also referred to as NAH), more preferably NAH.
- the F polymer comprises TFE units and PAVE units and is preferably a polymer having carbonyl group-containing groups, comprising units based on TFE units, PAVE units and monomers having carbonyl group-containing groups, and for all units, Polymers containing 90 to 99 mol %, 0.99 to 9.97 mol % and 0.01 to 3 mol % of these units in this order are more preferable.
- Specific examples of such F polymers include the polymers described in WO2018/16644.
- D50 of the F particles is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.3 ⁇ m or more, still more preferably over 0.3 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 1 ⁇ m or more.
- D50 of the F particles is preferably 25 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 8 ⁇ m or less.
- the content of F particles in the composition is preferably 3 to 60% by mass, more preferably 5 to 60% by mass, even more preferably 10 to 50% by mass, and particularly preferably 12 to 40% by mass.
- the content of the F particles in the present composition may be 3 to 40% by mass, 3 to 20% by mass, or 3 to 16% by mass, from the viewpoint of the stretching strength of the formed sheet. There may be.
- the specific surface area of the F particles is preferably 1 to 25 m 2 /g. One type of F particles may be used, or two or more types may be used.
- the F particles are particles containing an F polymer, preferably particles composed of an F polymer.
- the F particles may contain PTFE in addition to the F polymer, and may further contain other resins and inorganic compounds.
- the PTFE particles and the F particles are classified according to the presence or absence of the F polymer, and the particles containing the F polymer are referred to as the F particles.
- particles containing PTFE and F polymer are F particles.
- the F particles may form a core-shell structure containing the F polymer in the core and containing another resin or inorganic compound in the shell, or a core containing the F polymer in the shell and the other resin or inorganic compound in the core.
- a shell structure may be formed.
- resins include aromatic polyesters, polyamideimides, polyimides and polybismaleimides.
- examples of the inorganic compound include the same inorganic substances as those that may be contained in the inorganic particles described later, and among these, silica and boron nitride are preferred.
- the ratio of PTFE particles to the total of PTFE particles and F particles is preferably 40% by mass or more, more preferably 45% by mass.
- the proportion of PTFE particles is preferably 80% by mass or less, more preferably 70% by mass or less.
- the proportion of PTFE particles is within the above range, the composition is excellent in uniformity, and the generation of aggregates is easily suppressed.
- molded articles formed from the present composition tend to have excellent electrical properties.
- the proportion of PTFE particles is 40% by mass or more, the sheet formed from the present composition tends to be excellent in stretching processability. Further, if the proportion of PTFE particles is 80% by mass or less, powder drop-off is likely to be suppressed when a sheet formed from the present composition is stretched.
- the specific liquid compound is not particularly limited as long as it is a liquid compound having a surface tension of less than 72 dyn/cm.
- the surface tension of the specific liquid compound is preferably 60 dyn/cm or less, more preferably 40 dyn/cm or less.
- the surface tension of the specific liquid compound may be 10 dyn/cm or more.
- the fact that the liquid compound is in a liquid state means that it is in a liquid state at 25°C.
- the specific liquid compound is preferably a liquid compound that can be removed from the composition by means of heating, distillation, extraction, or the like, and more preferably a liquid compound having a boiling point of 300° C. or less so that it can be easily removed by heating.
- the specific liquid compound preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons and alcohols. In one aspect, the specific liquid compound is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, glycerin and propylene glycol. Propylene glycol is more preferable as the specific liquid compound. Specific examples of the specific liquid compound include hydrocarbons such as naphtha, white oil, liquid paraffin, toluene, xylene, hexane, normal decane and dodecane; alcohols such as ethylene glycol, glycerin and propylene glycol; and polyethylene glycol. One liquid compound may be used, or two or more liquid compounds may be used.
- the mass-based content of the specific liquid compound in the first composition is less than the total mass-based content of the PTFE particles and the F particles, and the content of the specific liquid compound relative to the total content of 100 parts by mass of the PTFE particles and the F particles
- the amount is preferably 98 parts by mass or less, more preferably 96 parts by mass or less.
- the content of the specific liquid compound is preferably 40 parts by mass or more, more preferably 60 parts by mass or more, and even more preferably 80 parts by mass or more.
- the first composition may contain water or other liquid compounds having a surface tension of 72 dyn/cm or more in addition to the specific liquid compound.
- the ratio of the specific liquid compound to the total content of the specific liquid compound, other liquid compounds and water is preferably 90% by mass or more, more preferably 95% by mass or more, and even more preferably 99% by mass or more.
- the surface tension of the mixture of the specific liquid compound, the other liquid compound, and water in the first composition is preferably less than 72 dyn/cm, and more preferably satisfies the preferred surface tension of the specific liquid compound. preferable.
- the first composition is preferably free of other liquid compounds and water.
- Water and a surfactant are used in the second composition.
- the surface tension of the mixture of water and surfactant contained in the second composition is less than 72 dyn/cm.
- the surface tension of the mixture of water and surfactant is preferably 70 dyn/cm or less, more preferably 60 dyn/cm or less.
- the surface tension of the mixture of water and surfactant may be 20 dyn/cm or more.
- Surfactants include anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants and nonionic surfactants. Among these, nonionic surfactants are preferable from the viewpoint that the present composition has excellent uniformity and the generation of aggregates is easily suppressed.
- the nonionic surfactant is preferably a glycol-based surfactant, an acetylene-based surfactant, a silicone-based surfactant or a fluorine-based surfactant, and more preferably a silicone-based surfactant.
- One type of nonionic surfactant may be used, or two or more types may be used.
- the nonionic surfactants are preferably a silicone-based surfactant and a glycol-based surfactant.
- nonionic surfactants include “Futergent” series (manufactured by Neos), “Surflon (registered trademark)” series (manufactured by AGC Seimi Chemical), “Megafac (registered trademark)” series (manufactured by DIC).
- the mass-based content of water in the second composition is less than the total mass-based content of PTFE particles and F particles, and the water content per 100 parts by mass of the total content of PTFE particles and F particles is 98. It is preferably not more than 96 parts by mass, more preferably not more than 96 parts by mass.
- the content of water is preferably 40 parts by mass or more, more preferably 60 parts by mass or more, and even more preferably 80 parts by mass or more.
- the content of the surfactant in the second composition is not particularly limited as long as the surface tension of the mixture of water and surfactant is less than 72 dyn/cm.
- the content of the surfactant with respect to 100 parts by mass of water in the second composition is preferably 0.1 parts by mass or more, more preferably 1 part by mass or more.
- the content of the surfactant is preferably 15 parts by mass or less, more preferably 10 parts by mass or less.
- the second composition may contain a specific liquid compound or other liquid compounds in addition to water. In this case, the proportion of water in the total content of water, the specific liquid compound and other liquid compounds is preferably 90% by mass or more, more preferably 95% by mass or more, and even more preferably 99% by mass or more.
- the surface tension of the mixture of water, surfactant, specific liquid compound, and other liquid compound in the second composition is preferably less than 72 dyn/cm, and the mixture of water and surfactant is preferred. More preferably, it satisfies the surface tension.
- the second composition preferably does not contain the specific liquid compound and other liquid compounds.
- the composition may contain inorganic particles. Since the present composition contains a specific liquid compound or contains water and a surfactant and the surface tension of the mixture of water and surfactant is less than 72 dyn/cm, the wettability of the F particles is increased and the F particles Agglomeration is easy to loosen. Then, coalescence between the inorganic particles and the F particles is promoted, and particles that can be regarded as composite particles of both particles are formed. As a result, the inorganic particles and the F particles are evenly mixed, so it is presumed that the present composition tends to have excellent dispersibility.
- the shape of the inorganic particles is preferably spherical, scale-like, layer-like, needle-like or plate-like, more preferably spherical, scale-like or layer-like, and still more preferably spherical or scale-like.
- the spherical inorganic particles are preferably substantially spherical.
- the substantially spherical shape means that the ratio of the minor axis to the major axis is 0.7 or more when the inorganic particles are observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). It is preferable that the proportion of substantially spherical inorganic particles is 95% by number or more of the total inorganic particles.
- the aspect ratio of non-spherical inorganic particles is preferably 2 or more, more preferably 5 or more. The aspect ratio is preferably 10000 or less.
- the inorganic particles may be hollow.
- the molded article obtained by molding the present composition tends to have excellent electrical properties.
- the inorganic particles are particles containing at least one inorganic substance, preferably particles containing at least one selected from the group consisting of carbon, metal oxides, silica and nitrides, consisting of silica, boron nitride and titanium dioxide. Particles containing at least one selected from the group are more preferred.
- inorganic materials include graphite, hard carbon, soft carbon, mesoporous carbon, carbon such as graphene, boron nitride, aluminum nitride, beryllia, silica, wollastonite, talc, steatite, cerium oxide, aluminum oxide, and magnesium oxide. , zinc oxide, barium titanate, lead zirconate titanate, lead titanate, zirconium oxide and titanium oxide.
- inorganic materials include lithium-based oxides such as lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide, lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium iron phosphate, lithium cobalt oxide, and lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide.
- the inorganic particles are preferably particles containing silica or boron nitride from the viewpoint of reducing the dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent of the molding and from the viewpoint of improving the low linear expansion property.
- the silica is preferably amorphous silica.
- the boron nitride is hexagonal boron nitride.
- the inorganic particles are preferably particles containing titanium dioxide or barium titanate from the viewpoint of improving the dielectric constant.
- the inorganic particles When the inorganic particles contain silica, the inorganic particles are preferably hollow silica from the viewpoint of the electrical properties of the molding.
- the inorganic particles When the inorganic particles contain nitrides, the inorganic particles preferably contain boron nitride or aluminum nitride from the viewpoint of electrical properties and low linear expansion of the molded product, and are scaly boron nitride or columnar aluminum nitride. is more preferred.
- the scaly boron nitride may aggregate to form secondary particles.
- D50 of the inorganic particles is preferably 20 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or less. D50 of the inorganic particles is preferably 0.01 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more.
- the specific surface area of the inorganic particles is preferably 1-20 m 2 /g.
- the content of inorganic particles in the present composition is preferably 15% by mass or more, more preferably 20 to 80% by mass, and even more preferably 40 to 70% by mass, relative to the total amount of the composition.
- the surfaces of the inorganic particles may be surface-treated with a silane coupling agent.
- a silane coupling agent include 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltriethoxysilane, 3-isocyanate. Silane coupling agents with functional groups such as propyltriethoxysilane are preferred.
- particles containing silica include the "ADMAFINE” series (manufactured by Admatechs), the “SFP” series (manufactured by Denka), the “E-SPHERES” series (manufactured by Taiheiyo Cement), and the “Silinax” series. (manufactured by Nittetsu Mining Co., Ltd.), “Ecoco Spray” series (manufactured by Emerson & Cumming), “Hydrophobic AEROSIL” series (“RX200” etc.) (manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.).
- particles containing zinc oxide include the "FINEX” series (manufactured by Sakai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.).
- particles containing titanium oxide include the “Tipake (registered trademark)” series (manufactured by Ishihara Sangyo Co., Ltd.) and the “JMT” series (manufactured by Tayca Corporation).
- particles containing talc include the "SG” series (manufactured by Nippon Talc Co., Ltd.).
- steatite-containing particles include the "BST” series (manufactured by Nippon Talc Co., Ltd.).
- particles containing boron nitride include "UHP” series (manufactured by Showa Denko KK) and "GP” and “HGP” grades of the “Denka Boron Nitride” series (manufactured by Denka KK).
- inorganic particles may be used, or two or more types may be used.
- silica particles, boron nitride particles and titanium dioxide particles may be used in combination.
- the content of silica particles, boron nitride particles and titanium dioxide particles in the total amount of inorganic particles is 10 to 60% by mass, 10 to 60% by mass and 5 to 40% by mass in this order. preferable.
- the composition may contain an aromatic polymer or a precursor thereof (hereinafter collectively referred to as an AR polymer).
- AR polymers may be thermoset or thermoplastic.
- AR polymers include aromatic polyimides, aromatic polyimide precursors that are polyamic acids or salts thereof, aromatic polyamideimides, aromatic polyamideimide precursors, aromatic polyetherimides, and aromatic polyetherimide precursors.
- aromatic polyimide, an aromatic polyimide precursor which is a polyamic acid or a salt thereof, an aromatic polyamideimide or an aromatic polyamideimide precursor is more preferable.
- the content of the AR polymer in the composition is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 10 parts by mass, based on a total of 100 parts by mass of the PTFE particles and F particles.
- AR polymers include the “Upia-AT” series (manufactured by Ube Industries, Ltd.), the “Neoprim (registered trademark)” series (manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc.), and the “Spixeria (registered trademark)” series (manufactured by Somar).
- the AR polymer may be particulate or non-particulate, preferably non-particulate.
- the AR polymer is preferably dissolved in the specific liquid compound or water.
- the AR polymer may be coalesced with PTFE particles, F particles or inorganic particles.
- the present composition further contains pH adjusters, pH buffers, organic particles, organic pigments, metallic soaps, lubricants, organic monomers, organic substances such as organic oligomers having a degree of polymerization of 50 or less, thixotropic agents, viscosity modifiers, and digestive agents.
- the PTFE particles and the F particles are adhered to each other but the shape of the particles is maintained, or the PTFE particles and the F particles are adhered to each other and the shape of the particles is not maintained. It may be a lump-like or clay-like composition.
- the method for producing the present composition is not particularly limited.
- the composition is preferably a kneaded product. That is, the present composition is preferably a composition obtained by kneading PTFE particles, F particles and a specific liquid compound or water.
- the first composition is preferably obtained by kneading PTFE particles, F particles and a specific liquid compound. In kneading the PTFE particles, the F particles and the specific liquid compound, other components such as inorganic particles and AR polymer may be added.
- the PTFE particles, the F particles, the liquid compound and other optional ingredients when kneading the PTFE particles, the F particles, the liquid compound and other optional ingredients, the PTFE particles, the F particles, the liquid compound and other optional ingredients and a method of kneading while sequentially adding PTFE particles, F particles, a liquid compound and other components used as necessary.
- the second composition is preferably obtained by kneading PTFE particles, F particles, water and a surfactant.
- other components such as inorganic particles and AR polymer may be added.
- the method for producing the second composition when kneading the PTFE particles, F particles, water, surfactant and other optional ingredients, PTFE particles, F particles, water, surfactant and optionally A method of mixing the other components used in the method all at once, and a method of sequentially adding and mixing the PTFE particles, F particles, water, surfactant, and other components used as necessary.
- the water and surfactant may be added individually or in the form of a mixture of water and surfactant.
- a specific method of kneading for example, a method of collectively adding PTFE particles and F particles to a specific liquid compound or a mixture of water and a surfactant and kneading: a specific liquid compound or a mixture of water and Method of kneading while sequentially adding PTFE particles and F particles to a mixture with a surfactant: PTFE particles and F particles are preliminarily mixed in a powder state, and the obtained premix and a specific liquid compound
- a method of kneading a mixture of water and a surfactant A mixture of PTFE particles and a specific liquid compound or water and a surfactant, and a mixture of F particles and a specific liquid compound or water and a surfactant are mixed in advance.
- a method of kneading each separately and further kneading the obtained two types of kneaded materials may be used.
- the order of addition of the components is not particularly limited.
- the PTFE particles and F particles are desirably premixed before adding the specific liquid compound or the mixture of water and surfactant.
- the present composition contains inorganic particles as other components, the F particles and inorganic particles are mixed, and then PTFE particles are added and mixed to obtain a powder composition. and a surfactant are added to the powder composition and kneaded.
- the composition containing carbon or lithium based oxide is preferably prepared from a powder composition obtained by mixing carbon or lithium based oxide and F particles, then adding PTFE particles and mixing. When mixing the PTFE particles, it is preferable to apply a strong shearing force to promote fibrillation of the PTFE. After adding and mixing the PTFE particles, the carbon or lithium-based oxide may be further added and mixed. Either carbon or lithium-based oxide may be used alone, or both carbon and lithium-based oxide may be used. A molded article molded from such a powder composition retains carbon or a lithium-based oxide firmly and homogeneously, and is particularly useful as an electrode member for a lithium ion capacitor or a lithium secondary battery, such as a cathode electrode film. Useful.
- each component is uniformly kneaded to obtain a highly defoamed composition.
- a kneader equipped with a stirring tank and uniaxial or multiaxial stirring blades.
- the number of stirring blades is preferably two or more in order to obtain a high kneading action.
- the kneading method may be either batch type or continuous type.
- the kneader used for batch kneading is preferably a Henschel mixer, a pressure kneader, a Banbury mixer, a planetary mixer, a colloid mill, a rotation or revolution stirrer, or a thin film orbital stirrer, and a planetary mixer or a rotation or revolution stirrer is preferable. more preferred.
- the planetary mixer has two stirring blades that rotate and revolve mutually, and has a structure for stirring and kneading the kneaded material in the stirring vessel. Therefore, there is little dead space that the stirring blades do not reach in the stirring vessel, and the load on the blades is reduced, so that the composition can be kneaded to a high degree.
- the rotation/revolution stirrer has a structure in which the kneaded material is stirred and kneaded in a tank equipped with a stirring mechanism using rotation and revolution.
- the agitating mechanism by rotation is a mechanism for agitating and kneading the kneaded material by rotating a tank containing the kneaded material around a rotating shaft.
- the direction of the axis of rotation may be either direction with respect to the tank.
- the agitation mechanism by revolution is a mechanism in which the kneaded material is agitated and kneaded by rotating the tank around a fixed point outside the tank containing the kneaded material.
- the axis of rotation of the tank with respect to the plane of revolution may be vertical, horizontal or inclined.
- the PTFE particles and F particles are wetted with a specific liquid compound or a mixture of water and a surfactant while suppressing aggregation of the PTFE particles and F particles.
- the particles can be mixed with a high degree of interaction.
- the kneading may be performed while cooling or while heating.
- the composition becomes viscous, so a load is applied to the stirring blades of the kneader, and as a result, the shear force on the PTFE and F polymer tends to increase.
- shearing force is likely to be imparted to the F polymer between the stirring blades or between the stirring blades and the stirring tank.
- inorganic particles are added, not only are the PTFE particles, the F particles, and the inorganic particles sufficiently kneaded, but also the PTFE particles, the F particles, or the inorganic particles are pulverized, resulting in excellent dispersibility. This composition is readily formed.
- the PTFE particles may be fibrillated by kneading.
- PTFE In a molded article formed from the present composition in which PTFE particles are fibrillated, PTFE easily supports the F particles and the inorganic particles, and the F particles and the inorganic particles are less likely to come off from the molded article.
- PTFE is easily entangled with the F polymer and inorganic particles, and the toughness of the molded article is easily improved.
- a first method for producing a composition according to the present disclosure is a method of kneading PTFE particles, F particles, and a specific liquid compound to obtain a composition.
- the mass-based content of the specific liquid compound is less than the total mass-based content of the PTFE particles and the F particles.
- a second method for producing a composition according to the present disclosure is a method of kneading PTFE particles, F particles, water, and a surfactant to obtain a composition.
- the mass-based content of water is less than the total mass-based content of the PTFE particles and the F particles.
- the surface tension of the mixture of water and surfactant is less than 72 dyn/cm.
- the first production method and the second production method are collectively referred to as this method.
- the details of the PTFE particles, F particles, specific liquid compound, water, and surfactant in this method are as described above for this composition.
- the details of the kneading method in this method are as described above in the method for producing this composition.
- the composition may further contain other ingredients such as inorganic particles, AR polymers, and the like. Details of the other components are as described above for the present composition, and the method for mixing them is also as described above for the present composition.
- the method for producing a sheet of the present disclosure is a method of molding the present composition to obtain a sheet.
- the sheet obtained by molding the present composition is also referred to as the present sheet.
- a method of molding the present composition includes a method of casting the present composition.
- PTFE fibrillates By casting the present composition, PTFE fibrillates, the PTFE easily supports the F particles, and the present sheet from which the F particles are less likely to come off can be easily obtained.
- the present composition contains inorganic particles, it is easy to obtain the present sheet from which the inorganic particles are less likely to come off.
- Methods of casting the composition include press molding, extrusion molding, or calendering.
- calendering means a method of rolling the present composition by passing it between a plurality of rolls.
- the present sheet may be obtained by molding after removing the liquid compound or water from the present composition.
- Casting of the present composition may be performed using one type of molding method, or two or more types of molding methods may be used in combination. Also, casting may be performed by repeating one molding method a plurality of times.
- the mother sheet obtained by extruding the present composition may be further calendered and cast, or the mother sheet obtained by calendering the present composition may be further calendered and cast. may In this case, it is easy to obtain a sheet of any thickness that is excellent in toughness and uniformity.
- a plurality of rolls may be used in calendering, and it is preferable to use a combination of four rolls. The arrangement of the four rolls includes I-type, S-type, inverted L-type, Z-type, and oblique Z-type.
- Casting of the present composition may be carried out while heating at a temperature below the melting temperature of PTFE, or may be carried out without heating. After casting, the composition may be heated to remove the specific liquid compound or water in the composition.
- the present sheet is obtained as described above. The thickness of this sheet is, for example, 0.5 to 5 mm. The sheet may be obtained by heating at a temperature higher than the melting temperature of PTFE and firing.
- a laminated sheet can be obtained by laminating two or more of the sheets obtained above.
- a laminated sheet is obtained, for example, by laminating two or more main sheets and rolling them.
- the number of laminated sheets is, for example, about 2 to 10 layers. From the viewpoint of strength between laminations, it is preferable to stack the sheets one by one and roll them.
- the sheet may be folded and laminated.
- the strength of the sheet can be improved, and when the present composition contains inorganic particles, the inorganic particles can be firmly fixed to the PTFE matrix.
- a plurality of laminated sheets may be stacked to form a laminated sheet with a larger number of layers.
- the rolling direction when the second main sheet is stacked on the first main sheet and rolled, and the third main sheet is further superimposed and rolled to obtain a laminated sheet, the direction in which the third main sheet is superimposed and rolled is , preferably 90 degrees from the direction in which the second main sheet is stacked and rolled.
- the PTFE network extends lengthwise and crosswise, thereby improving the strength of the present sheet, and when the present composition contains inorganic particles, it is possible to firmly fix the inorganic particles to the PTFE matrix. become.
- the obtained laminated sheet may be pressure-molded. Pressure molding can reduce porosity in the laminated sheet.
- thermocompression bonding this sheet or the laminated sheet obtained above to a substrate a laminate having a substrate layer, a polymer layer containing PTFE, F polymer, and optionally inorganic particles or AR polymer can be obtained. can get.
- Substrates include metal substrates such as metal foils of copper, nickel, aluminum, titanium and alloys thereof, polyimide, polyamide, polyetheramide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyaryletherketone, polyamideimide, liquid crystalline polyester and tetrafluoro
- metal substrates such as metal foils of copper, nickel, aluminum, titanium and alloys thereof, polyimide, polyamide, polyetheramide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyaryletherketone, polyamideimide, liquid crystalline polyester and tetrafluoro
- heat-resistant resin films such as ethylene-based polymers, prepreg substrates that are precursors of fiber-reinforced resin substrates, ceramic substrates such as silicon carbide, aluminum nitride or silicon nitride, and glass substrates.
- the shape of the base material include planar, curved, and uneven shapes.
- the shape of the substrate may be any of foil, plate, film, and fiber.
- the surface of the substrate may be surface-treated with a silane coupling agent or plasma-treated.
- a silane coupling agent or plasma-treated.
- Specific examples of the silane coupling agent are as described above.
- thermocompression bonding a method of sandwiching the base material and the main sheet or the laminated sheet between a pair of opposing hot plates and applying pressure, a method of passing the base material and the main sheet or the laminated sheet between a pair of facing rolls. , a method of applying pressure to the base material and the main sheet or laminated sheet by means of rolls on a hot plate.
- the temperature for thermocompression bonding is preferably 200° C. or higher, more preferably the melting temperature of PTFE or higher, and still more preferably 340° C. or higher.
- the temperature for thermocompression bonding is preferably 400° C. or less. It is preferable to bake PTFE by heating during thermocompression bonding.
- Thermocompression bonding may be performed by a hydraulic press.
- the pressure for thermocompression bonding is preferably 1 to 40 MPa, more preferably 10 to 30 MPa.
- Thermocompression bonding may be performed under reduced pressure.
- the degree of vacuum is preferably 20 kPa or less from the viewpoint of suppressing deterioration due to oxidation of the substrate and the main sheet.
- the thermocompression bonding is preferably performed by a vacuum press.
- a release film is placed between the surface of the sheet and the hot plate or roll, or is preferably surface-treated with a release agent.
- the thickness of the release film is preferably 50-150 ⁇ m.
- release films include polyimide films, and specific examples thereof include “Apical NPI” (manufactured by Kaneka), “Kapton EN” (DuPont-Toray), and “Upilex S (Ube Industries, Ltd.)".
- the main sheet or laminated sheet may be thermocompression bonded only to one surface of the substrate, or may be thermocompression bonded to both surfaces of the substrate.
- a laminate having a base layer and a polymer layer on one surface of the base layer is obtained, and in the latter case, a base layer and a polymer layer are obtained on both surfaces of the base layer.
- a laminate is obtained.
- Preferred specific examples of the laminate include a metal foil and a metal-clad laminate having a polymer layer on at least one surface of the metal foil, a polyimide film, and a multilayer film having a polymer layer on both surfaces of the polyimide film. is mentioned.
- the peel strength between the polymer layer and the substrate layer is preferably 10 to 100 N/cm.
- the substrate layer may be removed from the laminate to obtain a sheet containing PTFE and F polymer.
- the present sheet, laminated sheets, and molded products such as laminates having laminated sheets are useful as antenna parts, printed circuit boards, aircraft parts, automobile parts, sporting goods, food products, heat dissipation parts, paints, cosmetics, and the like.
- wire coating materials for aircraft wires enameled wire coating materials used for motors such as electric vehicles, electrical insulating tapes, insulating tapes for oil drilling, oil transport hoses, hydrogen tanks, and printed circuit boards.
- separation membranes such as microfiltration membranes, ultrafiltration membranes, reverse osmosis membranes, ion exchange membranes, dialysis membranes and gas separation membranes, lithium ion capacitors, electrode binders for lithium ion secondary batteries and fuel cells, copy Rolls, furniture, automobile dashboards, home appliance covers, sliding members, tension ropes, wear pads, wear strips, tube lamps, test sockets, wafer guides, wear parts for centrifugal pumps, chemical and water supply pumps, shovels, Tools such as files, chisels and saws, boilers, hoppers, pipes, ovens, baking molds, chutes, racket guts, dies, toilet bowls, container coverings, power devices, transistors, thyristors, rectifiers, transformers, power MOS FETs, CPUs , Radiation fins, metal radiator plates, blades for wind turbines, wind power generation equipment, aircraft, etc., housings for personal computers and displays, electronic device materials, interior and exterior of automobiles, processing machines and vacuum ovens for heat
- the present disclosure is not limited to the configurations of the above-described embodiments.
- the present method, the method for producing the present sheet, the method for producing the laminated sheet, and the laminated body may additionally have other arbitrary steps in the configuration of the above-described embodiments, or may have any other step that produces the same effect. It may be replaced with a step.
- PTFE particles 1 PTFE particles containing 99.9 mol% or more of TFE units (D50: 0.3 ⁇ m)
- F particle 1 containing 97.9 mol%, 0.1 mol%, and 2.0 mol% of TFE units, NAH units, and PPVE units in this order, and a carbonyl group-containing group having 1 ⁇ 10 6 carbon atoms in the main chain Particles (D50: 2.1 ⁇ m) of tetrafluoroethylene polymer (melting temperature: 300 ° C.) having 1000 per [Liquid compound]
- Liquid compound 1 propylene glycol (surface tension: 35 dyn/cm)
- Liquid compound 2 naphtha (surface tension: 20 dyn/cm)
- Inorganic particles 1 spherical silica (D50: 1 ⁇ m)
- Surfactant 1 Silicone surfactant
- composition F particles 1 and inorganic particles 1 were put into a mixer and mixed. Further, PTFE particles 1 were added and mixed to obtain a powder composition. The obtained powder composition and the liquid compound 1 were put into a rotation and revolution stirrer, kneaded while defoaming at a rotation speed of 800 rpm and a revolution speed of 2000 rpm, and 20 parts by mass of PTFE particles 1 and 20 parts by mass. A composition 1 which is a clay-like kneaded product containing F particles 1 of No. 1, inorganic particles 1 of 60 parts by mass, and liquid compound 1 of 38 parts by mass was obtained.
- Example 2 Composition 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Liquid Compound 1 was changed to Liquid Compound 2.
- Example 3 Composition 3 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 38 parts by mass of Liquid Compound 1 were changed to 37 parts by mass of water and 1 part by mass of Surfactant 1. The surface tension of water was 72 dyn/cm, and the surface tension of a mixture of 37 parts by mass of water and 1 part by mass of Surfactant 1 was less than 72 dyn/cm.
- Example 4 A composition 4 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the liquid compound 1 was changed to water.
- Example 5 Composition 5 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of PTFE particles 1 was 35 parts by mass and the amount of F particles 1 was 5 parts by mass.
- Example 6 Composition 6 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of PTFE particles 1 was 15 parts by mass and the amount of F particles 1 was 25 parts by mass. The ratio of PTFE particles 1 to the total of PTFE particles 1 and F particles 1 was 50% by mass in Compositions 1 to 4, 88% by mass in Composition 5, and 38% by mass in Composition 6.
- Production of Sheet Composition 1 was passed between a pair of rolling rolls and cast to obtain a mother sheet 1 having a thickness of 3 mm.
- the mother sheet 1 was cast using an inverted L-shaped calender and heated in an oven at 150° C. for 30 minutes to remove the liquid compound 1 to obtain a sheet 1 having a thickness of 200 ⁇ m.
- Sheets 2 to 6 were obtained from compositions 2 to 6 in the same manner.
- Sheets 1, 5 and 6 were subjected to stretching treatment, Sheets 1 and 5 had a stretching strength of 200% or more, whereas Sheet 6 had a low stretching strength. In addition, during the stretching process, no flakes were generated from the sheet 1, but flakes were generated from the sheet 5.
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Abstract
Description
ポリテトラフルオロエチレンを上記材料として用いる場合、ポリテトラフルオロエチレンと共にポリテトラフルオロエチレン以外のその他のフッ素系樹脂、無機粒子などの機能性粒子が併用されることがある。
しかし、ポリテトラフルオロエチレンは表面エネルギーが低く、その粒子同士は凝集しやすい。また、ポリテトラフルオロエチレンの粒子と機能性粒子との親和性が低いため、両者の凝集を生じさせることなく混合することは困難な場合がある。
フッ素系樹脂と無機粒子とを混合する方法の一例として、例えば、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン粒子と無機粒子を含む分散液から得られる共凝集粉末を別途調製し、それからペーストを調製する方法(特開2015-44288号公報参照)が知られている。さらに、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン粒子、テトラフルオロエチレンとペルフルオロプロピルビニルエーテルとの共重合体粒子及び無機粒子の混合物と多量の成形助剤であるナフサとを混合してペーストを調製する方法(特開2015-164801号公報の段落番号「0050」参照)が知られている。
本開示は上記従来の事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、本開示は、成形物の成形に要する工程や時間を短縮でき、粉落ち及び凝集体の発生が抑制された成形物を形成できる組成物、この組成物の製造方法、並びに、この組成物を用いたシートの製造方法の提供を目的とする。
<1> ポリテトラフルオロエチレンを含む粒子と、熱溶融性テトラフルオロエチレン系ポリマーを含む粒子と、表面張力が72dyn/cm未満の液状化合物とを含み、前記ポリテトラフルオロエチレンを含む粒子及び前記熱溶融性テトラフルオロエチレン系ポリマーを含む粒子の質量基準の合計含有量よりも前記液状化合物の質量基準の含有量が少ない組成物。
<2> 前記液状化合物が、炭化水素及びアルコールからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を含む<1>に記載の組成物。
<3> 前記液状化合物が、エチレングリコール、グリセリン及びプロピレングリコールからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を含む<1>又は<2>に記載の組成物。
<4> ポリテトラフルオロエチレンを含む粒子と、熱溶融性テトラフルオロエチレン系ポリマーを含む粒子と、水と、界面活性剤とを含み、前記ポリテトラフルオロエチレンを含む粒子及び前記熱溶融性テトラフルオロエチレン系ポリマーを含む粒子の質量基準の合計含有量よりも前記水の質量基準の含有量が少なく、前記水と前記界面活性剤との混合物の表面張力が72dyn/cm未満である組成物。
<5> 前記熱溶融性テトラフルオロエチレン系ポリマーの溶融温度が、200~320℃である<1>~<4>のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
<6> 前記熱溶融性テトラフルオロエチレン系ポリマーが、酸素含有極性基を有する<1>~<5>のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
<7> 前記ポリテトラフルオロエチレンを含む粒子及び前記熱溶融性テトラフルオロエチレン系ポリマーを含む粒子の合計に占める前記ポリテトラフルオロエチレンを含む粒子の割合が、40~80質量%である<1>~<6>のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
<8> 無機粒子をさらに含む<1>~<7>のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
<9> 前記無機粒子が、シリカ、窒化ホウ素及び二酸化チタンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を含む<8>に記載の組成物。
<10> 前記無機粒子の含有量が、組成物全量に対して15質量%以上である<8>又は<9>に記載の組成物。
<11> 芳香族ポリマー又はその前駆体をさらに含む<1>~<10>のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
<12> 混練物である<1>~<11>のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
<13> ポリテトラフルオロエチレンを含む粒子と、熱溶融性テトラフルオロエチレン系ポリマーを含む粒子と、表面張力が72dyn/cm未満の液状化合物とを混練し、前記ポリテトラフルオロエチレンを含む粒子及び前記熱溶融性テトラフルオロエチレン系ポリマーを含む粒子の質量基準の合計含有量よりも前記液状化合物の質量基準の含有量が少ない組成物を得る、組成物の製造方法。
<14> ポリテトラフルオロエチレンを含む粒子と、熱溶融性テトラフルオロエチレン系ポリマーを含む粒子と、水と、界面活性剤とを混練し、前記ポリテトラフルオロエチレンを含む粒子及び前記熱溶融性テトラフルオロエチレン系ポリマーを含む粒子の質量基準の合計含有量よりも前記水の質量基準の含有量が少なく、前記水と前記界面活性剤との混合物の表面張力が72dyn/cm未満である組成物を得る、組成物の製造方法。
<15> <1>~<12>のいずれか1項に記載の組成物を成形してシートを得る、シートの製造方法。
本開示中に段階的に記載されている数値範囲において、一つの数値範囲で記載された上限値又は下限値は、他の段階的な記載の数値範囲の上限値又は下限値に置き換えてもよい。また、本開示中に記載されている数値範囲において、その数値範囲の上限値又は下限値は、合成例に示されている値に置き換えてもよい。
本開示において、各成分には、該当する物質が複数種含まれていてもよい。組成物中に各成分に該当する物質が複数種存在する場合、各成分の含有率又は含有量は、特に断らない限り、組成物中に存在する当該複数種の物質の合計の含有率又は含有量を意味する。
本開示において、各成分に該当する粒子には、複数種の粒子が含まれていてもよい。組成物中に各成分に該当する粒子が複数種存在する場合、各成分の粒子径は、特に断らない限り、組成物中に存在する当該複数種の粒子の混合物についての値を意味する。
本開示において「層」との語には、当該層が存在する領域を観察したときに、当該領域の全体に形成されている場合に加え、当該領域の一部にのみ形成されている場合も含まれる。
本開示において「積層」との語は、層を積み重ねることを示し、二以上の層が結合されていてもよく、二以上の層が着脱可能であってもよい。
本開示において、「ポリマー」は、モノマーが重合してなる化合物である。すなわち、「ポリマー」はモノマーに基づく単位を複数有する。
本開示においてポリマーにおける「単位」とは、モノマーの重合により形成された前記モノマーに基づく原子団を意味する。単位は、重合反応によって直接形成された単位であってもよく、ポリマーを処理することによって前記単位の一部が別の構造に変換された単位であってもよい。以下、モノマーaに基づく単位を、単に「モノマーa単位」とも記す
本開示において「溶融温度」は、示差走査熱量測定(DSC)法で測定したポリマーの融解ピークの最大値に対応する温度である。
本開示において「溶融流れ速度」とは、JIS K 7210-1:2014(ISO1133-1:2011)に規定される、ポリマーのメルトマスフローレートを意味する。
本開示において「ガラス転移点(Tg)」は、動的粘弾性測定(DMA)法でポリマーを分析して測定される値である。
本開示において粒子の「体積平均粒子径(D50)」は、レーザー回折・散乱法によって求められる、粒子の体積基準累積50%径である。すなわち、レーザー回折・散乱法によって粒度分布を測定し、粒子の集団の全体積を100%として累積カーブを求め、その累積カーブ上で累積体積が50%となる点の粒子径である。
粒子のD50は、粒子を水中に分散させ、レーザー回折・散乱式の粒度分布測定装置(例えば、堀場製作所社製、LA-920測定器)を用いたレーザー回折・散乱法により分析して求められる。
本開示において粒子の「アスペクト比」は、粒子をSEMで観察したときの長径と短径の比(長径/短径)を表す。粒子のアスペクト比は、ランダムに選択して測定される100個の粒子のアスペクト比の平均値とする。
本開示において「比表面積」は、ガス吸着(定容法)BET多点法で粒子を測定し算出される値であり、NOVA4200e(Quantachrome Instruments社製)を使用して求められる。
本開示において「表面張力」とは、プレート法(Wilhelmy法)により、25℃の条件下で測定された値をいう。表面張力は、自動表面張力計CBVP-Z型(協和界面科学株式会社製)を用いて測定できる。
本開示の第2組成物は、PTFE粒子と、F粒子と、水と、界面活性剤とを含み、前記PTFE粒子及び前記F粒子の質量基準の合計含有量よりも前記水の質量基準の含有量が少なく、前記水と前記界面活性剤との混合物の表面張力が72dyn/cm未満の組成物である。
なお、表面張力の単位「dyn/cm」は、「mN/m」と同じであり、1dyn/cmは1mN/mである。
以下、第1組成物及び第2組成物を合わせて本組成物とも記す。
本組成物は、PTFE粒子に加えて、PTFEとの同質性が高く、比較的PTFE以外の成分と相互作用しやすいFポリマーを含むF粒子を用いる。そのため、本組成物中ではF粒子の存在により、PTFE粒子とPTFE粒子以外の成分との相互作用が促進される。
また、PTFEもFポリマーも表面張力が低い樹脂であるため、本組成物が表面張力の低い特定液状化合物、又は、水と界面活性剤を含有することでF粒子の濡れが促され、それによりPTFE粒子の濡れも促進される。
その結果、本組成物における特定液状化合物又は水の含有量が、PTFE粒子とF粒子の合計含有量よりも少なくても、PTFE粒子及びF粒子が良好に混合して均一に分布し、凝集体の発生が抑制されると推察される。
本組成物に含まれる特定液状化合物又は水を低減できることで、本組成物を用いて成形物を得る際に、特定液状化合物又は水の除去時間を短縮可能となる。その結果、本組成物によれば、成形物の成形に要する時間を短縮できる。
また、凝集体の発生が抑制されることで、本組成物を成形して得られる成形物からの粉落ちが抑制されると推察される。さらには、凝集体の発生が抑制されることで、本組成物を成形して得られる成形物の電気特性、接着性等の物性が向上すると推察される。
PTFEは、非熱溶融性であるのが好ましい。
Mn = 2.1×1010×ΔHc-5.16 ・・・ (1)
式(1)中、Mnは、PTFEの数平均分子量を、ΔHcは、示差走査熱量分析法により測定されるPTFEの結晶化熱量(cal/g)を示す。
本組成物におけるPTFE粒子の含有量は、5~60質量%が好ましく、10~50質量%がより好ましく、10~40質量%がさらに好ましい。
本組成物におけるPTFE粒子の含有量は、形成したシートの延伸強度の観点からは、10~60質量%であってもよく、12~50質量%であってもよく、12~40質量%であってもよい。
PTFE粒子の比表面積は、1~20m2/gが好ましい。
PTFE粒子は、1種を用いてもよく、2種以上を用いてもよい。
PTFE粒子に含み得る他の成分としては、後述する他の樹脂又は無機化合物が挙げられる。
熱溶融性のポリマーとは、荷重49Nの条件下、溶融流れ速度が1~1000g/10分となる温度が存在するポリマーを意味する。
Fポリマーの溶融温度は、200℃以上が好ましく、260℃以上がより好ましい。Fポリマーの溶融温度は、320℃以下が好ましく、310℃以下がより好ましい。
Fポリマーのフッ素含有量は、70質量%以上が好ましく、72~76質量%がより好ましい。
Fポリマーの表面張力は、16~26dyn/cmが好ましい。なお、Fポリマーの表面張力は、Fポリマーで作製された平板上に、濡れ指数試薬(富士フイルム和光純薬社製)の液滴を載置して測定できる。
フッ素含有量が高いFポリマーは、電気物性等の物性に優れる反面、表面張力が低く、液状化合物等の他の成分との親和性が低くなりやすい。しかし、本組成物は表面張力の低い液状化合物、又は、水と界面活性剤とを含むため、PTFE粒子及びF粒子が良好に混合して均一に分布し、凝集体の発生が抑制されると推察される。
Fポリマーは、TFE単位とエチレンに基づく単位とを含むポリマー、TFE単位とプロピレンに基づく単位とを含むポリマー、TFE単位とPAVEに基づく単位とを含むポリマー(テトラフルオロエチレンとペルフルオロアルコキシエチレンとの共重合体、PFAとも記す。)及びTFE単位とHFPに基づく単位とを含むポリマー(テトラフルオロエチレン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体、FEPとも記す。)が好ましく、PFA及びFEPがより好ましく、PFAがさらに好ましい。これらのポリマーは、さらに他のコモノマーに基づく単位を含んでいてもよい。
PAVEは、CF2=CFOCF3、CF2=CFOCF2CF3及びCF2=CFOCF2CF2CF3(以下、PPVEとも記す。)が好ましく、PPVEがより好ましい。
FポリマーにおけるTFE単位の割合は、全単位のうち、99.5モル%未満であり、90~99.0モル%が好ましい。
水酸基含有基は、アルコール性水酸基を含有する基が好ましく、-CF2CH2OH及び-C(CF3)2OHがより好ましい。
カルボニル基含有基は、カルボキシル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、アミド基、イソシアネート基、カルバメート基(-OC(O)NH2)、酸無水物残基(-C(O)OC(O)-)、イミド残基(-C(O)NHC(O)-等)及びカーボネート基(-OC(O)O-)が好ましく、酸無水物残基がより好ましい。
Fポリマーにおける酸素含有極性基の数は、主鎖の炭素数1×106個あたり、10~5000個が好ましく、100~3000個がより好ましい。なお、Fポリマーにおける酸素含有極性基の数は、ポリマーの組成又は国際公開第2020/145133号に記載の方法によって定量できる。
カルボニル基含有基を有するモノマーは、無水イタコン酸、無水シトラコン酸及び5-ノルボルネン-2,3-ジカルボン酸無水物(以下、NAHとも記す。)が好ましく、NAHがより好ましい。
Fポリマーは、TFE単位及びPAVE単位を含み、カルボニル基含有基を有するポリマーであるのが好ましく、TFE単位、PAVE単位及びカルボニル基含有基を有するモノマーに基づく単位を含み、全単位に対して、これらの単位をこの順に、90~99モル%、0.99~9.97モル%、0.01~3モル%含むポリマーであるのがより好ましい。かかるFポリマーの具体例としては、国際公開第2018/16644号に記載されるポリマーが挙げられる。
本組成物におけるF粒子の含有量は、3~60質量%が好ましく、5~60質量%がより好ましく、10~50質量%がさらに好ましく、12~40質量%が特に好ましい。
本組成物におけるF粒子の含有量は、形成したシートの延伸強度の観点からは、3~40質量%であってもよく、3~20質量%であってもよく、3~16質量%であってもよい。
F粒子の比表面積は、1~25m2/gが好ましい。
F粒子は、1種を用いてもよく、2種以上を用いてもよい。
F粒子は、Fポリマー以外にPTFEを含んでもよく、さらに他の樹脂や無機化合物を含んでいてもよい。なお、PTFE粒子とF粒子とはFポリマーの有無によって区分けし、Fポリマーを含む粒子はF粒子とする。例えば、PTFEとFポリマーとを含む粒子はF粒子である。
F粒子は、Fポリマーをコアに含み他の樹脂又は無機化合物をシェルに含むコア-シェル構造を形成していてもよく、Fポリマーをシェルに含み他の樹脂又は無機化合物をコアに含むコア-シェル構造を形成していてもよい。
無機化合物としては、後述の無機粒子に含まれていてもよい無機物と同じ無機物が挙げられ、なかでもシリカ、窒化ホウ素が好ましい。
特定液状化合物としては、加熱、留去、抽出等の手段で組成物から除去できる液状化合物が好ましく、加熱で除去しやすいよう、沸点が300℃以下の液状化合物がより好ましい。
ある態様では、特定液状化合物は、炭化水素及びアルコールからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を含むことが好ましい。ある態様では、特定液状化合物は、エチレングリコール、グリセリン及びプロピレングリコールからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種が好ましい。特定液状化合物としては、プロピレングリコールがより好ましい。
特定液状化合物の具体例としては、ナフサ、ホワイトオイル、流動パラフィン、トルエン、キシレン、ヘキサン、ノルマルデカン、ドデカン等の炭化水素:エチレングリコール、グリセリン、プロピレングリコール等のアルコール:ポリエチレングリコールが挙げられる。液状化合物は、1種を用いてもよく、2種以上を用いてもよい。
第1組成物は、特定液状化合物に加えて、表面張力が72dyn/cm以上のその他の液状化合物又は水を含んでもよい。この場合、特定液状化合物、その他の液状化合物及び水の合計含有量に占める特定液状化合物の割合は、90質量%以上が好ましく、95質量%以上がより好ましく、99質量%以上がさらに好ましい。
第1組成物中の特定液状化合物、その他の液状化合物及び水の混合物についての表面張力は、72dyn/cm未満であることが好ましく、上記特定液状化合物の好ましい表面張力を満たすものであることがより好ましい。
第1組成物は、その他の液状化合物及び水を含まないことが好ましい。
界面活性剤としては、アニオン性界面活性剤、カチオン性界面活性剤及びノニオン性界面活性剤が挙げられる。これらの中でも、本組成物が均一性に優れ、凝集体の発生が抑制されやすい観点からノニオン性界面活性剤が好ましい。ノニオン性界面活性剤は、グリコール系界面活性剤、アセチレン系界面活性剤、シリコーン系界面活性剤又はフッ素系界面活性剤が好ましく、シリコーン系界面活性剤がより好ましい。ノニオン性界面活性剤は、1種を用いてもよく、2種以上を用いてもよい。2種のノニオン性界面活性剤を用いる場合のノニオン性界面活性剤は、シリコーン系界面活性剤とグリコール系界面活性剤とであるのが好ましい。
第2組成物における界面活性剤の含有量は、水と界面活性剤との混合物の表面張力が72dyn/cm未満となる量であれば特に限定されるものではない。第2組成物における水100質量部に対する界面活性剤の含有量は、0.1質量部以上が好ましく、1質量部以上がより好ましい。界面活性剤の含有量は、15質量部以下が好ましく、10質量部以下がより好ましい。
第2組成物は、水に加えて、特定液状化合物又はその他の液状化合物を含んでもよい。この場合、水、特定液状化合物及びその他の液状化合物の合計含有量に占める水の割合は、90質量%以上が好ましく、95質量%以上がより好ましく、99質量%以上がさらに好ましい。
第2組成物中の水、界面活性剤、特定液状化合物、及びその他の液状化合物の混合物についての表面張力は、72dyn/cm未満であることが好ましく、上記水と界面活性剤との混合物の好ましい表面張力を満たすものであることがより好ましい。
第2組成物は、特定液状化合物及びその他の液状化合物を含まないことが好ましい。
本組成物は特定液状化合物を含むか、又は、水及び界面活性剤を含み水と界面活性剤との混合物の表面張力が72dyn/cm未満であるため、F粒子の濡れ性が高まると共にF粒子の凝集がほぐれやすい。すると、無機粒子とF粒子との合着が促され、両粒子の複合粒子とも見なせる粒子が形成される。その結果、無機粒子とF粒子とが均一に混ざるため、本組成物が分散性に優れやすいと推察される。また、かかる本組成物からは無機粒子同士又はF粒子同士の凝集が抑制された、成分が均一に分布した成形物が得られると推察される。さらに無機粒子の粉落ちも生じ難くなると推察される。
無機粒子の形状は、球状、鱗片状、層状、針状又は板状が好ましく、球状、鱗片状又は層状がより好ましく、球状又は鱗片状がさらに好ましい。
球状である無機粒子は、略真球状であるのが好ましい。略真球状とは、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)によって無機粒子を観察した際に、長径に対する短径の比が0.7以上であることを意味する。略真球状である無機粒子が占める割合は無機粒子全体の95個数%以上が好ましい。
非球状である無機粒子のアスペクト比は、2以上が好ましく、5以上が好ましい。アスペクト比は、10000以下が好ましい。
無機粒子は、少なくとも1種の無機物を含む粒子であり、炭素、金属酸化物、シリカ及び窒化物からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を含む粒子が好ましく、シリカ、窒化ホウ素及び二酸化チタンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を含む粒子がより好ましい。
無機物の具体例としては、グラファイト、ハードカーボン、ソフトカーボン、メソポーラスカーボン、グラフェン等の炭素、窒化ホウ素、窒化アルミニウム、ベリリア、シリカ、ウォラストナイト、タルク、ステアタイト、酸化セリウム、酸化アルミニウム、酸化マグネシウム、酸化亜鉛、チタン酸バリウム、ジルコン酸チタン酸鉛、チタン酸鉛、酸化ジルコニウム及び酸化チタンが挙げられる。
無機粒子は、成形物の誘電率と誘電正接とを低下する観点及び低線膨張性を向上する観点から、シリカ又は窒化ホウ素を含む粒子が好ましい。シリカは、非晶質シリカであるのが好ましい。窒化ホウ素は、六方晶窒化ホウ素であるのが好ましい。
また、無機粒子は、誘電率を向上する観点からは、二酸化チタン又はチタン酸バリウムを含む粒子が好ましい。
無機粒子が窒化物を含む場合、成形物の電気特性と低線膨張性の観点から、無機粒子は窒化ホウ素又は窒化アルミニウムを含むのが好ましく、鱗片状の窒化ホウ素又は柱状の窒化アルミニウムであるのがより好ましい。鱗片状の窒化ホウ素は、凝集して二次粒子を形成していてもよい。
無機粒子の比表面積は、1~20m2/gが好ましい。
本組成物における無機粒子の含有量は、組成物全量に対して15質量%以上が好ましく、20~80質量%がより好ましく、40~70質量%がさらに好ましい。
シランカップリング剤は、3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、ビニルトリメトキシシラン、3-メルカプトプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-グリシドキシプロピルメチルジエトキシシラン、3-メタクリロキシプロピルトリエトキシシラン、3-イソシアネートプロピルトリエトキシシラン等の官能基を有するシランカップリング剤が好ましい。
酸化亜鉛を含む粒子の具体例としては、「FINEX」シリーズ(堺化学工業株式会社製)が挙げられる。
酸化チタンを含む粒子の具体例としては、「タイペーク(登録商標)」シリーズ(石原産業社製)、「JMT」シリーズ(テイカ社製)が挙げられる。
タルクを含む粒子の具体例としては、「SG」シリーズ(日本タルク社製)が挙げられる。
ステアタイトを含む粒子の具体例としては、「BST」シリーズ(日本タルク社製)が挙げられる。
窒化ホウ素を含む粒子の具体例としては、「UHP」シリーズ(昭和電工社製)、「デンカボロンナイトライド」シリーズの「GP」、「HGP」グレード(デンカ社製)が挙げられる。
ARポリマーとしては、芳香族ポリイミド、ポリアミック酸又はその塩である芳香族ポリイミド前駆体、芳香族ポリアミドイミド、芳香族ポリアミドイミド前駆体、芳香族ポリエーテルイミド、芳香族ポリエーテルイミド前駆体が挙げられ、芳香族ポリイミド、ポリアミック酸又はその塩である芳香族ポリイミド前駆体、芳香族ポリアミドイミド又は芳香族ポリアミドイミド前駆体がより好ましい。
本組成物中で、ARポリマーは、粒子状であってもよく、非粒子状であってもよく、非粒子状であるのが好ましい。本組成物中で、ARポリマーは、特定液状化合物又は水に溶解しているのが好ましい。ARポリマーは、PTFE粒子、F粒子又は無機粒子と合着していてもよい。
本組成物は、混練物であるのが好ましい。すなわち、本組成物は、PTFE粒子、F粒子及び特定液状化合物又は水を混練して得た組成物であるのが好ましい。
第1組成物は、PTFE粒子とF粒子と特定液状化合物とを混練して得るのが好ましい。また、PTFE粒子とF粒子と特定液状化合物とを混練するに際し、無機粒子、ARポリマー等のその他の成分を加えてもよい。
第1組成物の製造方法において、PTFE粒子、F粒子、液状化合物及び必要に応じて用いられるその他の成分を混練する場合、PTFE粒子、F粒子、液状化合物及び必要に応じて用いられるその他の成分を一括して混練する方法、PTFE粒子、F粒子、液状化合物及び必要に応じて用いられるその他の成分を順次添加しながら混練する方法が挙げられる。
第2組成物は、PTFE粒子とF粒子と水と界面活性剤とを混練して得るのが好ましい。また、PTFE粒子とF粒子と水と界面活性剤とを混練するに際し、無機粒子、ARポリマー等のその他の成分を加えてもよい。
第2組成物の製造方法において、PTFE粒子、F粒子、水、界面活性剤及び必要に応じて用いられるその他の成分を混練する場合、PTFE粒子、F粒子、水、界面活性剤及び必要に応じて用いられるその他の成分を一括して混合する方法、PTFE粒子、F粒子、水、界面活性剤及び必要に応じて用いられるその他の成分を順次添加しながら混合する方法が挙げられる。第2組成物を製造する場合、水と界面活性剤とは、これら成分を個別に添加してもよいし、水と界面活性剤との混合物の状態で添加してもよい。
本組成物を構成する各成分を順次添加しながら混合する場合の各成分の添加順は特に限定されるものではない。PTFE粒子とF粒子とは、特定液状化合物、又は水と界面活性剤との混合物を添加する前に予備混合するのが望ましい。また、本組成物がその他の成分として無機粒子を含む場合、F粒子と無機粒子とを混合し、次いでPTFE粒子を加えて混合することで粉体組成物を得た後、液状化合物、又は水と界面活性剤との混合物を粉体組成物に添加して混練するのがより好ましい。
かかる粉体組成物を経て成形された成形物は、炭素又はリチウム系酸化物が強固かつ均質に保持されており、リチウムイオンキャパシターやリチウム二次電池用の電極部材、例えばカソード電極フィルムとして、特に有用である。
自転公転撹拌機は、自転及び公転による撹拌機構を備えた槽内にて、混練物を撹拌、混練する構造を有している。ここで、自転による撹拌機構とは、混練物を収納した槽が回転軸の周りに回転することで混練物を撹拌、混練する機構である。回転軸の方向は槽に対していずれの方向でもよい。一方、公転による撹拌機構とは、混練物を収納した槽の外にある定点の周りを槽が周回することで混練物を撹拌、混練する機構である。公転面に対して槽の回転軸は垂直、水平又は傾斜のいずれでもよい。
プラネタリーミキサー又は自転公転撹拌機によると、PTFE粒子及びF粒子の凝集を抑制しつつ、特定液状化合物、又は水と界面活性剤との混合物でPTFE粒子及びF粒子を濡らしながら、PTFE粒子及びF粒子を高度に相互作用させながら混合できる。
本開示の、組成物の第2製法は、PTFE粒子と、F粒子と、水と、界面活性剤とを混練して組成物を得る方法である。なお、組成物において、PTFE粒子及びF粒子の質量基準の合計含有量よりも水の質量基準の含有量が少ない。また、水と界面活性剤との混合物の表面張力は72dyn/cm未満である。
以下、第1製法及び第2製法を合わせて本法とも記す。
本法におけるPTFE粒子、F粒子、特定液状化合物、水、界面活性剤の詳細は、本組成物において上述した通りである。
本法における混練の方法の詳細は、本組成物の製造方法において上述した通りである。
本法において、組成物はさらに無機粒子、ARポリマー等のその他の成分を含んでもよい。その他の成分の詳細は、本組成物において上述した通りであり、その混合方法についても本組成物において上述した通りである。
本組成物を流延する方法は、プレス成形、押出成形又はカレンダー成形が挙げられる。なお、カレンダー成形とは、本組成物を複数のロール間を通過させて圧延する方法を意味する。
カレンダー成形におけるロールは、複数を用いればよく、4本を組み合わせて用いるのが好ましい。4本のロールの配列の仕方としては、I型、S型、逆L型、Z型、斜Z型が挙げられる。
以上のようにして、本シートが得られる。本シートの厚さは、例えば0.5~5mmである。
本シートは、PTFEの溶融温度以上で加熱し、焼成して得てもよい。
複数の積層シートを重ね合わせてさらに積層数の多い積層シートとしてもよい。
得られた積層シートを加圧成形してもよい。加圧成形により、積層シート中の気孔を減らすことができる。
基材の形状としては、平面状、曲面状、凹凸状が挙げられる。また、基材の形状は、箔状、板状、膜状、繊維状のいずれであってもよい。
基材の表面の十点平均粗さは、0.01~0.05μmが好ましい。
熱圧着の温度としては、200℃以上が好ましく、PTFEの溶融温度以上がより好ましく、340℃以上がさらに好ましい。熱圧着の温度としては、400℃以下が好ましい。熱圧着の際の加熱により、PTFEを焼成するのが好ましい。熱圧着は油圧プレスにて行ってもよい。
熱圧着の圧力は、1~40MPaが好ましく、10~30MPaがより好ましい。
熱圧着の際には、本シートの熱板やロールへの付着を抑制する観点から、本シートの表面と熱板やロールとの間に離型フィルムを配置するか、又は、熱板やロールの表面を離型剤によって表面処理するのが好ましい。
離型フィルムとしてはポリイミドフィルムが挙げられ、具体例としては、「アピカルNPI」(カネカ社製)、「カプトンEN」(東レ・デュポン社)、「ユーピレックスS(宇部興産社)」が挙げられる。
積層体の好適な具体例としては、金属箔と、その金属箔の少なくとも一方の表面にポリマー層を有する金属張積層体、ポリイミドフィルムと、そのポリイミドフィルムの両方の表面にポリマー層を有する多層フィルムが挙げられる。
ポリマー層と基材層との剥離強度は、10~100N/cmが好ましい。
さらに積層体から基材層を除去して、PTFE、及びFポリマーを含むシートを得てもよい。
具体的には、航空機用電線等の電線被覆材、電気自動車等のモーター等に使用されるエナメル線被覆材、電気絶縁性テープ、石油掘削用絶縁テープ、石油輸送ホース、水素タンク、プリント基板用材料、精密濾過膜、限外濾過膜、逆浸透膜、イオン交換膜、透析膜及び気体分離膜等の分離膜、リチウムイオンキャパシター、リチウムイオン二次電池用及び燃料電池用等の電極バインダー、コピーロール、家具、自動車ダッシュボート、家電製品等のカバー、摺動部材、テンションロープ、ウェアパッド、ウェアストリップ、チューブランプ、試験ソケット、ウェハーガイド、遠心ポンプの摩耗部品、薬品及び水供給ポンプ、シャベル、やすり、きり及びのこぎり等の工具、ボイラー、ホッパー、パイプ、オーブン、焼き型、シュート、ラケットのガット、ダイス、便器、コンテナ被覆材、パワーデバイス、トランジスタ、サイリスタ、整流器、トランス、パワーMOS FET、CPU、放熱フィン、金属放熱板、風車や風力発電設備や航空機等のブレード、パソコンやディスプレイの筐体、電子デバイス材料、自動車の内外装、低酸素下で加熱処理する加工機や真空オーブン、プラズマ処理装置などのシール材、スパッタや各種ドライエッチング装置等の処理ユニット内の放熱部品、電磁波シールドとして有用である。摺動部材としては荷重軸受、ヨー軸受、すべり軸、バルブ、ベアリング、ブッシュ、シール、スラストワッシャ、ウェアリング、ピストン、スライドスイッチ、歯車、カム、ベルトコンベア及び食品搬送用ベルトが挙げられる。
例えば、本法、本シートの製造方法、積層シート及び積層体の製造方法は、上記実施形態の構成において、他の任意の工程を追加で有してもよいし、同様の作用を生じる任意の工程と置換されていてもよい。
[PTFE粒子]
PTFE粒子1:TFE単位を99.9モル%以上含むPTFEの粒子(D50:0.3μm)
[F粒子]
F粒子1:TFE単位、NAH単位及びPPVE単位を、この順に97.9モル%、0.1モル%、2.0モル%含み、カルボニル基含有基を主鎖の炭素数1×106個あたり1000個有するテトラフルオロエチレン系ポリマー(溶融温度:300℃)の粒子(D50:2.1μm)
[液状化合物]
液状化合物1:プロピレングリコール(表面張力:35dyn/cm)
液状化合物2:ナフサ(表面張力:20dyn/cm)
[無機粒子]
無機粒子1:球状シリカ(D50:1μm)
[界面活性剤]
界面活性剤1:シリコーン系界面活性剤
[例1]
ミキサーに、F粒子1と無機粒子1とを投入し、混合した。さらに、PTFE粒子1を添加し、混合して粉体組成物を得た。
得られた粉体組成物と液状化合物1とを自転公転撹拌機に投入し、自転速度を800rpm、公転速度を2000rpmとして脱泡しながら混練し、20質量部のPTFE粒子1と、20質量部のF粒子1と、60質量部の無機粒子1と、38質量部の液状化合物1とを含む粘土状の混練物である組成物1を得た。
[例2]
液状化合物1を液状化合物2に変更した以外は例1と同様にして組成物2を得た。
[例3]
液状化合物1の38質量部を、水の37質量部と界面活性剤1の1質量部に変更した以外は例1と同様にして組成物3を得た。なお、水の表面張力は72dyn/cmであり、水の37質量部と界面活性剤1の1質量部との混合物の表面張力は72dyn/cm未満であった。
[例4]
液状化合物1を水に変更した以外は例1と同様にして組成物4を得た。
[例5]
PTFE粒子1の量を35質量部、F粒子1の量を5質量部とする以外は例1と同様にして、組成物5を得た。
[例6]
PTFE粒子1の量を15質量部、F粒子1の量を25質量部とする以外は例1と同様にして、組成物6を得た。
なお、PTFE粒子1及びF粒子1の合計に占めるPTFE粒子1の割合は、組成物1~4において50質量%であり、組成物5において88質量%、組成物6において38質量%である。
組成物1を、1対の圧延ロール間を通過させて流延し、厚さ3mmの母シート1を得た。母シート1を、逆L字型カレンダー機にて流延し、さらに150℃のオーブンにて、30分間加熱して液状化合物1を除去し、厚さ200μmのシート1を得た。
組成物2~6からも同様にしてシート2~6を得た。
また、それぞれのシートの表面を目視で確認した結果、シート1及び6においては、表面に凝集物が視認されなかった。シート2、3及び5においては、表面のごく一部で凝集物が視認された。シート4においては表面の全体で凝集物が視認された。
本明細書に記載された全ての文献、特許出願、および技術規格は、個々の文献、特許出願、および技術規格が参照により取り込まれることが具体的かつ個々に記された場合と同程度に、本明細書中に援用されて取り込まれる。
Claims (15)
- ポリテトラフルオロエチレンを含む粒子と、熱溶融性テトラフルオロエチレン系ポリマーを含む粒子と、を含み、下記(1)又は(2)のいずれかを満たす、組成物。
(1)表面張力が72dyn/cm未満の液状化合物を更に含み、前記ポリテトラフルオロエチレンを含む粒子及び前記熱溶融性テトラフルオロエチレン系ポリマーを含む粒子の質量基準の合計含有量よりも前記液状化合物の質量基準の含有量が少ない。
(2)水及び界面活性剤を更に含み、前記ポリテトラフルオロエチレンを含む粒子及び前記熱溶融性テトラフルオロエチレン系ポリマーを含む粒子の質量基準の合計含有量よりも前記水の質量基準の含有量が少なく、前記水と前記界面活性剤との混合物の表面張力が72dyn/cm未満である。 - 前記(1)を満たし、前記液状化合物が、炭化水素及びアルコールからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を含む請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記アルコールが、エチレングリコール、グリセリン及びプロピレングリコールからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を含む請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 前記熱溶融性テトラフルオロエチレン系ポリマーの溶融温度が、200~320℃である請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記熱溶融性テトラフルオロエチレン系ポリマーが、酸素含有極性基を有する請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記ポリテトラフルオロエチレンを含む粒子及び前記熱溶融性テトラフルオロエチレン系ポリマーを含む粒子の合計に占める前記ポリテトラフルオロエチレンを含む粒子の割合が、40~80質量%である請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記ポリテトラフルオロエチレンを含む粒子及び前記熱溶融性テトラフルオロエチレン系ポリマーを含む粒子の合計に占める前記ポリテトラフルオロエチレンを含む粒子の割合が、40~80質量%である請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 前記ポリテトラフルオロエチレンを含む粒子及び前記熱溶融性テトラフルオロエチレン系ポリマーを含む粒子の合計に占める前記ポリテトラフルオロエチレンを含む粒子の割合が、40~80質量%である請求項5に記載の組成物。
- 無機粒子をさらに含む請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 前記無機粒子の含有量が、組成物全量に対して15質量%以上である請求項9に記載の組成物。
- 芳香族ポリマー又はその前駆体をさらに含む請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 芳香族ポリマー又はその前駆体をさらに含む請求項10に記載の組成物。
- 混練物である請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- ポリテトラフルオロエチレンを含む粒子と、熱溶融性テトラフルオロエチレン系ポリマーを含む粒子と、を含む組成物の製造方法であり、下記(A)又は(B)を満たす、組成物の製造方法。
(A)前記組成物に、表面張力が72dyn/cm未満の液状化合物を加えて混練し、前記ポリテトラフルオロエチレンを含む粒子及び前記熱溶融性テトラフルオロエチレン系ポリマーを含む粒子の質量基準の合計含有量よりも前記液状化合物の質量基準の含有量が少ない組成物を得る。
(B)前記組成物に、水及び界面活性剤を加えて混練し、前記ポリテトラフルオロエチレンを含む粒子及び前記熱溶融性テトラフルオロエチレン系ポリマーを含む粒子の質量基準の合計含有量よりも前記水の質量基準の含有量が少なく、前記水と前記界面活性剤との混合物の表面張力が72dyn/cm未満である組成物を得る。 - 請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の組成物を成形してシートを得る、シートの製造方法。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202280056942.4A CN117881736A (zh) | 2021-09-29 | 2022-09-29 | 组合物、组合物的制造方法和片的制造方法 |
| JP2023551884A JPWO2023054649A1 (ja) | 2021-09-29 | 2022-09-29 | |
| KR1020247005549A KR20240065068A (ko) | 2021-09-29 | 2022-09-29 | 조성물, 조성물의 제조 방법 및 시트의 제조 방법 |
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| JP2021-160035 | 2021-09-29 | ||
| JP2021160035 | 2021-09-29 | ||
| JP2021193618 | 2021-11-29 | ||
| JP2021-193618 | 2021-11-29 |
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| WO2023054649A1 true WO2023054649A1 (ja) | 2023-04-06 |
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| PCT/JP2022/036602 Ceased WO2023054649A1 (ja) | 2021-09-29 | 2022-09-29 | 組成物、組成物の製造方法及びシートの製造方法 |
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| JP (1) | JPWO2023054649A1 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR20240065068A (ja) |
| TW (1) | TW202330865A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2023054649A1 (ja) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62260849A (ja) * | 1986-04-11 | 1987-11-13 | Daikin Ind Ltd | 熱溶融性フツ素樹脂の顆粒状粉末およびその製造法 |
| JPH05509036A (ja) * | 1990-12-12 | 1993-12-16 | イー・アイ・デユポン・ドウ・ヌムール・アンド・カンパニー | 濃度勾配のためのptfeとpfa又はfepを有する非粘着性コーティング系 |
| CN107974142A (zh) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-05-01 | 珠海旭光新材料有限公司 | 一种使涂层表面热量均匀分散的三层不粘涂料及制备方法 |
| WO2021075504A1 (ja) * | 2019-10-18 | 2021-04-22 | Agc株式会社 | 非水系分散液及び積層体の製造方法 |
-
2022
- 2022-09-29 JP JP2023551884A patent/JPWO2023054649A1/ja active Pending
- 2022-09-29 WO PCT/JP2022/036602 patent/WO2023054649A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2022-09-29 KR KR1020247005549A patent/KR20240065068A/ko active Pending
- 2022-09-29 TW TW111136943A patent/TW202330865A/zh unknown
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62260849A (ja) * | 1986-04-11 | 1987-11-13 | Daikin Ind Ltd | 熱溶融性フツ素樹脂の顆粒状粉末およびその製造法 |
| JPH05509036A (ja) * | 1990-12-12 | 1993-12-16 | イー・アイ・デユポン・ドウ・ヌムール・アンド・カンパニー | 濃度勾配のためのptfeとpfa又はfepを有する非粘着性コーティング系 |
| CN107974142A (zh) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-05-01 | 珠海旭光新材料有限公司 | 一种使涂层表面热量均匀分散的三层不粘涂料及制备方法 |
| WO2021075504A1 (ja) * | 2019-10-18 | 2021-04-22 | Agc株式会社 | 非水系分散液及び積層体の製造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TW202330865A (zh) | 2023-08-01 |
| KR20240065068A (ko) | 2024-05-14 |
| JPWO2023054649A1 (ja) | 2023-04-06 |
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