WO2023054343A1 - 二相ステンレス鋼材 - Google Patents
二相ステンレス鋼材 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023054343A1 WO2023054343A1 PCT/JP2022/035897 JP2022035897W WO2023054343A1 WO 2023054343 A1 WO2023054343 A1 WO 2023054343A1 JP 2022035897 W JP2022035897 W JP 2022035897W WO 2023054343 A1 WO2023054343 A1 WO 2023054343A1
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Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to duplex stainless steel materials.
- Oil wells and gas wells may be corrosive environments containing corrosive gases.
- corrosive gas means carbon dioxide gas and/or hydrogen sulfide gas. That is, steel materials used in oil wells are required to have excellent corrosion resistance in corrosive environments.
- a duplex stainless steel material with an increased Cr content may be used.
- a duplex stainless steel material having a duplex structure of a ferrite phase and an austenite phase has corrosion resistance to pitting corrosion and/or crevice corrosion (hereinafter referred to as "pitting corrosion resistance"), which is a problem in an aqueous solution containing chlorides. ).
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-5-132741
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-9-195003
- Patent Document 3 JP-A-2014-043616
- Patent Document 4 JP-A-2016-003377
- the duplex stainless steel disclosed in Patent Document 2 has C: 0.12% or less, Si: 1% or less, Mn: 2% or less, Ni: 3 to 12%, and Cr: 20 to 35% by weight. %, Mo: 0.5 to 10%, W: more than 3 to 8%, Co: 0.01 to 2%, Cu: 0.1 to 5%, N: 0.05 to 0.5%, The remainder consists of Fe and unavoidable impurities. Patent Document 2 describes that this duplex stainless steel has superior corrosion resistance without reducing strength.
- 3(Mo+0.5W)+16N) has a chemical composition of 40 or more.
- the structure of the steel is such that, in a cross section in the thickness direction parallel to the rolling direction, when a straight line parallel to the thickness direction is drawn from the surface layer to a depth of 1 mm, the number of boundaries between the ferrite phase and the austenite phase that intersects the straight line is 160. That's it.
- Patent Document 3 describes that this duplex stainless steel can be made high in strength without impairing corrosion resistance, and exhibits excellent hydrogen embrittlement resistance by combining cold working with a high degree of workability.
- the duplex stainless steel disclosed in Patent Document 4 has C: 0.03% or less, Si: 0.2 to 1%, Mn: 0.5 to 2.0%, and P: 0.03% by mass. 040% or less, S: 0.010% or less, Sol. Al: 0.040% or less, Ni: 4 to less than 6%, Cr: 20 to less than 25%, Mo: 2.0 to 4.0%, N: 0.1 to 0.35%, O: 0.
- the metal structure is composed of a two-phase structure of a ferrite phase and an austenite phase, there is no sigma phase precipitation, and the ratio of the ferrite phase in the metal structure is 50% or less in terms of area ratio, and in 300 mm 2 fields of view
- the number of oxides having a particle size of 30 ⁇ m or more is 15 or less.
- Patent Document 4 describes that this duplex stainless steel is excellent in strength, pitting corrosion resistance and low temperature toughness.
- duplex stainless steel materials are required to have not only high strength and excellent pitting corrosion resistance, but also excellent low-temperature toughness. Therefore, a duplex stainless steel material having a yield strength of 586 MPa or more, excellent low-temperature toughness, and excellent pitting corrosion resistance has been obtained by techniques other than the techniques disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 4 above. good too.
- An object of the present disclosure is to provide a duplex stainless steel material having a yield strength of 586 MPa or more, excellent low temperature toughness, and excellent pitting corrosion resistance.
- a duplex stainless steel material comprises: in % by mass, C: 0.030% or less, Si: 0.20 to 1.00%, Mn: 0.50-7.00%, P: 0.040% or less, S: 0.020% or less, Al: 0.100% or less, Ni: 4.20 to 9.00%, Cr: 20.00 to 30.00%, Mo: 0.50-2.00%, Cu: 1.50-4.00%, N: 0.150 to 0.350%, V: 0.01 to 1.50%, Nb: 0 to 0.100%, Ta: 0 to 0.100%, Ti: 0 to 0.100%, Zr: 0 to 0.100%, Hf: 0 to 0.100%, W: 0 to 0.200%, Co: 0 to 0.500%, Sn: 0 to 0.100%, Sb: 0 to 0.100%, Ca: 0-0.020%, Mg: 0-0.020%, B: 0 to 0.020%, Rare earth element: 0 to 0.200%, and The balance consists of Fe and impurities and
- the duplex stainless steel material according to the present disclosure has a high yield strength of 586 MPa or more, excellent low temperature toughness, and excellent pitting resistance.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the relationship between the number density (pieces/ ⁇ m 3 ) of fine Cu precipitates in austenite and the yield strength (MPa) of steel materials in this example.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the number density (pieces/ ⁇ m 3 ) of fine Cu precipitates in austenite and the absorbed energy (J/cm 2 ), which is an index of low-temperature toughness of steel materials, in this example. be.
- the present inventors examined a duplex stainless steel material having a yield strength of 586 MPa or more, excellent low-temperature toughness, and excellent pitting corrosion resistance from the viewpoint of chemical composition. As a result, the present inventors found that, in mass%, C: 0.030% or less, Si: 0.20 to 1.00%, Mn: 0.50 to 7.00%, P: 0.040% or less , S: 0.020% or less, Al: 0.100% or less, Ni: 4.20 to 9.00%, Cr: 20.00 to 30.00%, Mo: 0.50 to 2.00%, Cu: 1.50-4.00%, N: 0.150-0.350%, V: 0.01-1.50%, Nb: 0-0.100%, Ta: 0-0.100% , Ti: 0-0.100%, Zr: 0-0.100%, Hf: 0-0.100%, W: 0-0.200%, Co: 0-0.500%, Sn: 0- 0.100%, Sb: 0-0.100%, Ca: 0-0.020%, Mg:
- the microstructure of the duplex stainless steel material having the chemical composition described above consists of ferrite and austenite.
- the microstructure of the duplex stainless steel material having the chemical composition described above is composed of ferrite with a volume fraction of 30.0 to 70.0% and the balance of austenite.
- "composed of ferrite and austenite” means that phases other than ferrite and austenite are negligibly small.
- the present inventors have developed a technique for improving the pitting corrosion resistance of a duplex stainless steel material having the chemical composition described above and having a microstructure consisting of ferrite with a volume fraction of 30.0 to 70.0% and the balance being austenite. variously examined. As a result, the present inventors have found that if the chemical composition of the duplex stainless steel material further satisfies the following formula (1), the pitting corrosion resistance of the duplex stainless steel material can be enhanced. Cr+3.3(Mo+0.5W)+16N ⁇ 30.0 (1) Here, the content of the corresponding element is substituted for the symbol of the element in formula (1) in terms of % by mass. If the corresponding element is not contained, "0" is substituted for the element symbol.
- Fn1 is an index relating to the pitting corrosion resistance of steel materials.
- Fn1 is an index relating to the pitting corrosion resistance of steel materials.
- the pitting corrosion resistance of the duplex stainless steel material can be increased. That is, if Fn1 is too low, the pitting corrosion resistance of the duplex stainless steel material is reduced. Therefore, the duplex stainless steel material according to this embodiment satisfies the chemical composition described above and has Fn1 of 30.0 or more.
- the present inventors have found a duplex stainless steel material having the above chemical composition, Fn1 of 30.0 or more, and a microstructure composed of ferrite with a volume fraction of 30.0 to 70.0% and the balance being austenite.
- Various methods of improving low-temperature toughness and yield strength while maintaining pitting corrosion resistance were investigated. As a result, the present inventors obtained the following findings.
- the present inventors focused on the microstructure of a duplex stainless steel material that satisfies the chemical composition described above and has an Fn1 of 30.0 or more, and investigated a technique for increasing the yield strength. Specifically, in the microstructure of the duplex stainless steel material having the chemical composition described above, the strength of austenite tends to be lower than that of ferrite. Therefore, in a duplex stainless steel material having the chemical composition and microstructure described above and having an Fn1 of 30.0 or more, the yield strength of the entire steel material may easily decrease due to the characteristics of austenite.
- duplex stainless steel materials intermetallic compounds typified by the ⁇ phase may precipitate.
- a duplex stainless steel material in which the ⁇ phase is precipitated cannot obtain excellent pitting corrosion resistance. Therefore, when producing a duplex stainless steel material, a solution treatment is carried out as described in the preferred production method described later. As a result, precipitates in the conventional duplex stainless steel material have been greatly reduced.
- precipitates in steel increase the yield strength of steel.
- the low temperature toughness and pitting corrosion resistance of the steel may be lowered. Therefore, the inventors of the present invention have found that if it is possible to selectively precipitate precipitates that are unlikely to reduce the low-temperature toughness and pitting corrosion resistance in austenite, the yield strength and low-temperature I thought that the toughness could be improved.
- the inventors focused on copper (Cu) among the precipitates.
- Cu precipitates in the steel material as Cu precipitates and increases the yield strength of the steel material.
- fine Cu precipitates a large number of fine Cu precipitates with a major axis of 50 nm or less (hereinafter also simply referred to as "fine Cu precipitates") precipitate in austenite, the yield strength is can be increased to 586 MPa or more.
- the present inventors first found a duplex stainless steel having a microstructure that satisfies the above-described chemical composition, has an Fn1 of 30.0 or more, and has a volume fraction of 30.0 to 70.0% ferrite and the balance austenite.
- the relationship between fine Cu precipitates in austenite and yield strength in steel materials was investigated and examined in detail. A specific description will be given with reference to the drawings.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the relationship between the number density (pieces/ ⁇ m 3 ) of fine Cu precipitates in austenite and the yield strength (MPa) of steel materials in this example.
- FIG. 1 shows, among the examples to be described later, a microstructure that satisfies the chemical composition described above, has an Fn1 of 30.0 or more, has a volume fraction of ferrite of 30.0 to 70.0%, and a microstructure composed of the balance austenite.
- a duplex stainless steel material was prepared using the number density (pieces/ ⁇ m 3 ) of fine Cu precipitates in austenite and the yield strength (MPa). The number density and yield strength of fine Cu precipitates were determined by the method described later. Moreover, all of the examples shown in FIG. 1 exhibited excellent pitting corrosion resistance.
- the yield strength becomes 586 MPa or more when the number density of fine Cu precipitates in austenite is 150 pieces/ ⁇ m 3 or more.
- the yield strength is less than 586 MPa.
- duplex stainless steel material having the above chemical composition, Fn1 of 30.0 or more, and a microstructure composed of ferrite with a volume fraction of 30.0 to 70.0% and the balance being austenite.
- Fn1 chemical composition
- microstructure composed of ferrite with a volume fraction of 30.0 to 70.0% and the balance being austenite.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the number density (pieces/ ⁇ m 3 ) of fine Cu precipitates in austenite and the absorbed energy (J/cm 2 ), which is an index of low-temperature toughness of steel materials, in this example. be.
- FIG. 2 shows, among the examples to be described later, a microstructure that satisfies the chemical composition described above, has an Fn1 of 30.0 or more, and has a volume fraction of ferrite of 30.0 to 70.0% and a microstructure of the balance consisting of austenite.
- a duplex stainless steel material was prepared using the number density (pieces/ ⁇ m 3 ) of fine Cu precipitates in austenite and the absorbed energy (J/cm 2 ). The number density and absorption energy of fine Cu precipitates were determined by the method described later. In addition, all of the steel materials shown in FIG. 2 exhibited excellent pitting corrosion resistance.
- a duplex stainless steel material that satisfies the chemical composition described above, has an Fn1 of 30.0 or more, and has a microstructure composed of ferrite with a volume fraction of 30.0 to 70.0% and the balance of austenite, , it was found that when the number density of fine Cu precipitates in austenite is 1500/ ⁇ m 3 or less, the absorbed energy becomes 60.0 J/cm 2 or more, exhibiting excellent low-temperature toughness. On the other hand, in the duplex stainless steel material described above, when the number density of fine Cu precipitates in the austenite exceeds 1500/ ⁇ m 3 , the absorbed energy becomes less than 60.0 J/cm 2 and does not exhibit excellent low temperature toughness. can be confirmed.
- the duplex stainless steel material when the number density of fine Cu precipitates in austenite is 150 to 1500/ ⁇ m 3 , excellent pitting corrosion resistance is maintained, and high yield strength of 586 MPa or more and excellent low temperature toughness are achieved. It became clear that Therefore, in this embodiment, the number density of fine Cu precipitates in austenite is set to 150 to 1500/ ⁇ m 3 . As a result, the duplex stainless steel material according to this embodiment has a high yield strength of 586 MPa or more, excellent low temperature toughness, and excellent pitting corrosion resistance.
- the gist of the duplex stainless steel material according to this embodiment completed based on the above knowledge is as follows.
- duplex stainless steel material according to [1], Nb: 0.001 to 0.100%, Ta: 0.001 to 0.100%, Ti: 0.001 to 0.100%, Zr: 0.001 to 0.100%, Hf: 0.001 to 0.100%, W: 0.001 to 0.200%, Co: 0.001 to 0.500%, Sn: 0.001 to 0.100%, Sb: 0.001 to 0.100%, Ca: 0.001-0.020%, Mg: 0.001-0.020%, B: 0.001 to 0.020%, and Rare earth elements: 0.001 to 0.200%, containing one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Duplex stainless steel material.
- duplex stainless steel material according to [1] or [2], Nb: 0.001 to 0.100%, Ta: 0.001 to 0.100%, Ti: 0.001 to 0.100%, Zr: 0.001 to 0.100%, Hf: 0.001 to 0.100%, and W: 0.001 to 0.200%, containing one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Duplex stainless steel material.
- duplex stainless steel material according to any one of [1] to [3], Co: 0.001 to 0.500%, Sn: 0.001 to 0.100%, and Sb: 0.001 to 0.100%, containing one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Duplex stainless steel material.
- duplex stainless steel material according to any one of [1] to [4], Ca: 0.001-0.020%, Mg: 0.001-0.020%, B: 0.001 to 0.020%, and Rare earth elements: 0.001 to 0.200%, containing one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Duplex stainless steel material.
- the shape of the duplex stainless steel material according to this embodiment is not particularly limited.
- the duplex stainless steel material according to this embodiment may be a steel pipe, a round steel (solid material), or a steel plate.
- the round steel means a bar having a circular cross section perpendicular to the axial direction.
- the steel pipe may be a seamless steel pipe or a welded steel pipe.
- duplex stainless steel material according to this embodiment will be described in detail below.
- the duplex stainless steel material is also simply referred to as "steel material”.
- the chemical composition of the duplex stainless steel material according to this embodiment contains the following elements. "%" for elements means % by weight unless otherwise specified.
- C 0.030% or less Carbon (C) is inevitably contained. That is, the lower limit of the C content is over 0%. C forms Cr carbides at the grain boundaries and increases corrosion susceptibility at the grain boundaries. Therefore, if the C content is too high, the pitting corrosion resistance of the steel material is lowered even if the contents of other elements are within the range of the present embodiment. Therefore, the C content is 0.030% or less. A preferable upper limit of the C content is 0.028%, more preferably 0.025%. The C content is preferably as low as possible. However, a drastic reduction of the C content greatly increases manufacturing costs. Therefore, considering industrial production, the lower limit of the C content is preferably 0.001%, more preferably 0.005%.
- Si 0.20-1.00% Silicon (Si) deoxidizes steel. If the Si content is too low, the above effect cannot be sufficiently obtained even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment. On the other hand, if the Si content is too high, the low-temperature toughness and hot workability of the steel are lowered even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment. Therefore, the Si content is 0.20-1.00%. A preferred lower limit for the Si content is 0.25%, more preferably 0.30%. A preferable upper limit of the Si content is 0.80%, more preferably 0.60%.
- Mn 0.50-7.00%
- Manganese (Mn) deoxidizes steel and desulfurizes steel. Mn further enhances the hot workability of steel. If the Mn content is too low, the above effect cannot be sufficiently obtained even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment. On the other hand, Mn segregates at grain boundaries together with impurities such as P and S. Therefore, if the Mn content is too high, the pitting corrosion resistance of the steel material in a high-temperature environment is lowered even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment. Therefore, the Mn content is 0.50-7.00%. A preferred lower limit for the Mn content is 0.75%, more preferably 1.00%. A preferable upper limit of the Mn content is 6.50%, more preferably 6.20%.
- P 0.040% or less Phosphorus (P) is inevitably contained. That is, the lower limit of the P content is over 0%. P segregates at grain boundaries. Therefore, if the P content is too high, the low-temperature toughness and pitting corrosion resistance of the steel material are lowered even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment. Therefore, the P content is 0.040% or less. A preferable upper limit of the P content is 0.035%, more preferably 0.030%. The lower the P content is, the better. However, an extreme reduction in the P content greatly increases manufacturing costs. Therefore, considering industrial production, the lower limit of the P content is preferably 0.001%, more preferably 0.003%.
- S 0.020% or less Sulfur (S) is inevitably contained. That is, the lower limit of the S content is over 0%. S segregates at grain boundaries. Therefore, if the S content is too high, the low-temperature toughness and pitting corrosion resistance of the steel are lowered even if the contents of other elements are within the range of the present embodiment. Therefore, the S content is 0.020% or less. A preferable upper limit of the S content is 0.018%, more preferably 0.016%. It is preferable that the S content is as low as possible. However, an extreme reduction in the S content greatly increases manufacturing costs. Therefore, when considering industrial production, the preferred lower limit of the S content is 0.0001%, more preferably 0.0003%, still more preferably 0.001%, still more preferably 0.002% is.
- Al 0.100% or less
- Aluminum (Al) is inevitably contained. That is, the lower limit of the Al content is over 0%. Al deoxidizes steel. On the other hand, if the Al content is too high, even if the contents of other elements are within the range of the present embodiment, coarse oxide-based inclusions are formed and the low-temperature toughness of the steel is lowered. Therefore, the Al content is 0.100% or less.
- a preferable lower limit of the Al content is 0.001%, more preferably 0.005%, and still more preferably 0.010%.
- a preferable upper limit of the Al content is 0.090%, more preferably 0.085%.
- the Al content referred to in this specification means "acid-soluble Al", that is, sol. It means the content of Al.
- Ni 4.20-9.00%
- Nickel (Ni) stabilizes the austenitic structure of steel. That is, Ni is an element necessary for obtaining a stable ferrite-austenite two-phase structure. Ni further enhances the pitting corrosion resistance of steel. If the Ni content is too low, the above effect cannot be sufficiently obtained even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment. On the other hand, if the Ni content is too high, the volume fraction of austenite will be too high and the yield strength of the steel material will decrease even if the contents of other elements are within the ranges of the present embodiment. Therefore, the Ni content is 4.20-9.00%.
- the preferred lower limit of the Ni content is 4.25%, more preferably 4.30%, still more preferably 4.35%, still more preferably 4.40%, still more preferably 4.50 %.
- the upper limit of the Ni content is preferably 8.75%, more preferably 8.50%, still more preferably 8.25%, still more preferably 8.00%, still more preferably 7.75 %.
- Chromium (Cr) increases the pitting resistance of steel. Specifically, Cr forms a passive film on the surface of the steel material as an oxide. As a result, the pitting corrosion resistance of the steel is enhanced. Cr further increases the volume fraction of the ferrite structure of the steel material. By obtaining a sufficient ferrite structure, the pitting corrosion resistance of the steel is stabilized. If the Cr content is too low, the above effect cannot be sufficiently obtained even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment. On the other hand, if the Cr content is too high, the hot workability of the steel deteriorates even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment. Therefore, the Cr content is 20.00-30.00%. A preferable lower limit of the Cr content is 20.50%, more preferably 21.00%, and still more preferably 21.50%. A preferable upper limit of the Cr content is 29.50%, more preferably 29.00%, and still more preferably 28.00%.
- Mo 0.50-2.00%
- Molybdenum (Mo) increases the pitting resistance of steel. Mo further dissolves in steel to increase the yield strength of the steel material. Mo also forms fine carbides in the steel to increase the yield strength of the steel. If the Mo content is too low, the above effect cannot be sufficiently obtained even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment. On the other hand, if the Mo content is too high, the hot workability of the steel deteriorates even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment. Therefore, the Mo content is 0.50-2.00%. A preferable lower limit of the Mo content is 0.60%, more preferably 0.70%, and still more preferably 0.80%. A preferable upper limit of the Mo content is less than 2.00%, more preferably 1.85%, still more preferably 1.50%.
- Cu 1.50-4.00% Copper (Cu) precipitates as fine Cu precipitates in the austenite of the steel material and increases the yield strength of the steel material. If the Cu content is too low, the above effect cannot be sufficiently obtained even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment. On the other hand, if the Cu content is too high, the hot workability of the steel deteriorates even if the contents of other elements are within the range of the present embodiment. Therefore, the Cu content is 1.50-4.00%.
- the preferred lower limit of the Cu content is 1.60%, more preferably 1.80%, still more preferably 1.90%, still more preferably 2.00%, still more preferably 2.50 %.
- a preferable upper limit of the Cu content is 3.90%, more preferably 3.75%, and still more preferably 3.50%.
- N 0.150-0.350%
- Nitrogen (N) stabilizes the austenitic structure of steel. That is, N is an element necessary for obtaining a stable ferrite-austenite two-phase structure. N further enhances the pitting corrosion resistance of steel. If the N content is too low, the above effect cannot be sufficiently obtained even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment. On the other hand, if the N content is too high, the low-temperature toughness and hot workability of the steel deteriorate even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment. Therefore, the N content is 0.150-0.350%. A preferable lower limit of the N content is 0.170%, more preferably 0.180%, and still more preferably 0.190%. A preferable upper limit of the N content is 0.340%, more preferably 0.330%.
- V Vanadium (V) increases the yield strength of steel. If the V content is too low, the above effect cannot be sufficiently obtained even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment. On the other hand, if the V content is too high, the strength of the steel material becomes too high, and the low temperature toughness and hot workability of the steel material deteriorate even if the contents of other elements are within the ranges of the present embodiment. Therefore, the V content is 0.01-1.50%.
- a preferable lower limit of the V content is 0.02%, more preferably 0.03%, and still more preferably 0.05%.
- a preferable upper limit of the V content is 1.20%, more preferably 1.00%.
- the remainder of the chemical composition of the duplex stainless steel material according to this embodiment consists of Fe and impurities.
- the impurities in the chemical composition are those that are mixed from ore, scrap, or the manufacturing environment as raw materials when industrially producing the duplex stainless steel material. It means that it is permissible within a range that does not adversely affect the steel material.
- the chemical composition of the above duplex stainless steel material may further contain one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Nb, Ta, Ti, Zr, Hf and W in place of part of Fe. All of these elements are optional elements and increase the strength of the steel material.
- Niobium (Nb) is an optional element and may not be contained. That is, the Nb content may be 0%. When included, Nb forms carbonitrides and increases the strength of the steel material. If even a small amount of Nb is contained, the above effect can be obtained to some extent. However, if the Nb content is too high, the strength of the steel becomes too high and the low-temperature toughness of the steel deteriorates even if the contents of other elements are within the ranges of the present embodiment. Therefore, the Nb content is 0-0.100%. A preferable lower limit of the Nb content is more than 0%, more preferably 0.001%, more preferably 0.002%, still more preferably 0.003%, still more preferably 0.005% is. A preferable upper limit of the Nb content is 0.080%, more preferably 0.070%.
- Ta 0-0.100% Tantalum (Ta) is an optional element and may not be contained. That is, the Ta content may be 0%. When contained, Ta forms carbonitrides and increases the strength of the steel material. If even a small amount of Ta is contained, the above effect can be obtained to some extent. However, if the Ta content is too high, the strength of the steel becomes too high and the low-temperature toughness of the steel deteriorates, even if the contents of other elements are within the ranges of the present embodiment. Therefore, the Ta content is 0-0.100%. A preferable lower limit of the Ta content is more than 0%, more preferably 0.001%, more preferably 0.002%, still more preferably 0.003%, still more preferably 0.005% is. A preferable upper limit of the Ta content is 0.080%, more preferably 0.070%.
- Titanium (Ti) is an optional element and may not be contained. That is, the Ti content may be 0%. When included, Ti forms carbonitrides and increases the strength of the steel material. If even a small amount of Ti is contained, the above effect can be obtained to some extent. However, if the Ti content is too high, the strength of the steel becomes too high and the low-temperature toughness of the steel deteriorates, even if the contents of other elements are within the ranges of the present embodiment. Therefore, the Ti content is 0-0.100%. A preferable lower limit of the Ti content is more than 0%, more preferably 0.001%, more preferably 0.002%, still more preferably 0.003%, still more preferably 0.005% is. A preferable upper limit of the Ti content is 0.080%, more preferably 0.070%.
- Zr Zirconium
- Zr Zirconium
- the Zr content may be 0%.
- Zr forms carbonitrides and increases the strength of the steel. If even a small amount of Zr is contained, the above effect can be obtained to some extent. However, if the Zr content is too high, the strength of the steel material becomes too high and the low temperature toughness of the steel material decreases even if the contents of other elements are within the ranges of the present embodiment. Therefore, the Zr content is 0-0.100%.
- a preferable lower limit of the Zr content is more than 0%, more preferably 0.001%, more preferably 0.002%, still more preferably 0.003%, still more preferably 0.005% is.
- a preferred upper limit for the Zr content is 0.080%, more preferably 0.070%.
- Hf 0-0.100%
- Hafnium (Hf) is an optional element and may not be contained. That is, the Hf content may be 0%. When included, Hf forms carbonitrides and increases the strength of the steel. If even a small amount of Hf is contained, the above effect can be obtained to some extent. However, if the Hf content is too high, the strength of the steel becomes too high and the low-temperature toughness of the steel deteriorates, even if the contents of other elements are within the ranges of the present embodiment. Therefore, the Hf content is 0-0.100%.
- a preferable lower limit of the Hf content is more than 0%, more preferably 0.001%, more preferably 0.002%, still more preferably 0.003%, still more preferably 0.005% is.
- a preferred upper limit of the Hf content is 0.080%, more preferably 0.070%.
- W 0-0.200% Tungsten (W) is an optional element and may not be contained. That is, the W content may be 0%. When included, W forms carbonitrides and increases the strength of the steel material. If even a small amount of W is contained, the above effect can be obtained to some extent. However, if the W content is too high, the strength of the steel becomes too high and the low-temperature toughness of the steel deteriorates even if the contents of other elements are within the ranges of the present embodiment. Therefore, the W content is 0-0.200%. A preferable lower limit of the W content is more than 0%, more preferably 0.001%, more preferably 0.002%, still more preferably 0.003%, still more preferably 0.005% is. A preferable upper limit of the W content is 0.180%, more preferably 0.150%.
- the chemical composition of the duplex stainless steel material described above may further contain one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Co, Sn, and Sb instead of part of Fe. All of these elements are optional elements and enhance the corrosion resistance of the steel material.
- Co is an optional element and may not be contained. That is, the Co content may be 0%. When contained, Co forms a film on the surface of the steel material to enhance the corrosion resistance of the steel material. Co further enhances the hardenability of the steel material and stabilizes the strength of the steel material. If even a small amount of Co is contained, the above effect can be obtained to some extent. However, if the Co content is too high, the manufacturing cost will be extremely high even if the contents of other elements are within the range of the present embodiment. Therefore, the Co content is 0-0.500%.
- the lower limit of the Co content is preferably over 0%, more preferably 0.001%, still more preferably 0.010%, still more preferably 0.020%.
- a preferable upper limit of the Co content is 0.480%, more preferably 0.460%, and still more preferably 0.450%.
- Sn 0-0.100% Tin (Sn) is an optional element and may not be contained. That is, the Sn content may be 0%. When included, Sn enhances the corrosion resistance of steel. If even a small amount of Sn is contained, the above effect can be obtained to some extent. However, if the Sn content is too high, even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment, liquefaction embrittlement cracking occurs at the grain boundary, thereby deteriorating the hot workability of the steel material. Therefore, the Sn content is 0-0.100%.
- the lower limit of the Sn content is preferably over 0%, more preferably 0.001%, still more preferably 0.002%, still more preferably 0.003%.
- a preferable upper limit of the Sn content is 0.080%, more preferably 0.070%.
- Sb 0-0.100%
- Antimony (Sb) is an optional element and may not be contained. That is, the Sb content may be 0%. When included, Sb enhances the corrosion resistance of steel. If even a small amount of Sb is contained, the above effect can be obtained to some extent. However, if the Sb content is too high, even if the contents of other elements are within the ranges of the present embodiment, the ductility of the steel material at high temperatures is lowered, and the hot workability of the steel material is lowered. Therefore, the Sb content is 0-0.100%.
- a preferable lower limit of the Sb content is more than 0%, more preferably 0.001%, still more preferably 0.002%, still more preferably 0.003%.
- a preferable upper limit of the Sb content is 0.080%, more preferably 0.070%.
- the chemical composition of the duplex stainless steel material described above may further contain one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ca, Mg, B, and rare earth elements in place of part of Fe. All of these elements are optional elements and improve the hot workability of the steel material.
- Ca 0-0.020%
- Calcium (Ca) is an optional element and may not be contained. That is, the Ca content may be 0%.
- Ca fixes S in the steel material as a sulfide to render it harmless and enhances the hot workability of the steel material. If even a little Ca is contained, the above effect can be obtained to some extent. However, if the Ca content is too high, even if the contents of other elements are within the ranges of the present embodiment, the oxides in the steel material will coarsen and the low temperature toughness of the steel material will decrease. Therefore, the Ca content is 0-0.020%.
- a preferable lower limit of the Ca content is more than 0%, more preferably 0.001%, more preferably 0.002%, more preferably 0.003%, more preferably 0.005% is.
- a preferable upper limit of the Ca content is 0.018%, more preferably 0.015%.
- Mg 0-0.020%
- Mg Magnesium
- the Mg content may be 0%.
- Mg it fixes S in the steel material as a sulfide to render it harmless and enhances the hot workability of the steel material. If even a small amount of Mg is contained, the above effect can be obtained to some extent. However, if the Mg content is too high, even if the contents of other elements are within the range of the present embodiment, the oxides in the steel material will coarsen and the low temperature toughness of the steel material will decrease. Therefore, the Mg content is 0-0.020%.
- the preferred lower limit of the Mg content is more than 0%, more preferably 0.001%, more preferably 0.002%, still more preferably 0.003%, still more preferably 0.005% is.
- a preferable upper limit of the Mg content is 0.018%, more preferably 0.015%.
- B 0-0.020% Boron (B) is an optional element and may not be contained. That is, the B content may be 0%. When contained, B suppresses the segregation of S in the steel material to the grain boundary and enhances the hot workability of the steel material. If even a small amount of B is contained, the above effect can be obtained to some extent. However, if the B content is too high, boron nitride (BN) is formed even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment, which reduces the low temperature toughness of the steel material. Therefore, the B content is 0-0.020%.
- BN boron nitride
- a preferable lower limit of the B content is more than 0%, more preferably 0.001%, more preferably 0.002%, more preferably 0.003%, more preferably 0.005% is.
- a preferable upper limit of the B content is 0.018%, more preferably 0.015%.
- Rare earth elements 0 to 0.200%
- a rare earth element (REM) is an optional element and may not be contained. That is, the REM content may be 0%. When contained, REM detoxifies S in the steel by fixing it as a sulfide, thereby enhancing the hot workability of the steel. The above effect can be obtained to some extent if REM is contained even in a small amount. However, if the REM content is too high, even if the contents of other elements are within the ranges of the present embodiment, the oxides in the steel material will coarsen and the low temperature toughness of the steel material will decrease. Therefore, the REM content is 0-0.200%.
- a preferable lower limit of the REM content is more than 0%, more preferably 0.001%, more preferably 0.005%, more preferably 0.010%, more preferably 0.020% is.
- a preferred upper limit for the REM content is 0.180%, more preferably 0.160%.
- REM refers to scandium (Sc) with atomic number 21, yttrium (Y) with atomic number 39, and lanthanoid (La) with atomic number 57 to atomic number 71. It means one or more elements selected from the group consisting of lutetium (Lu). Moreover, the REM content in this specification means the total content of these elements.
- Fn1 Cr + 3.3 (Mo + 0.5 W) + 16 N
- the pitting corrosion resistance of the duplex stainless steel material can be increased. That is, if Fn1 is too low, the pitting corrosion resistance of the duplex stainless steel material is reduced. Therefore, the duplex stainless steel material according to this embodiment satisfies the chemical composition described above and has Fn1 of 30.0 or more.
- a preferable lower limit of Fn1 is 30.5, more preferably 31.0, and still more preferably 31.5.
- a higher Fn1 is preferable.
- the upper limit of Fn1 is substantially 42.5.
- Fn1 is obtained by rounding off the obtained numerical value to the second decimal place.
- the microstructure of the duplex stainless steel material according to this embodiment consists of 30.0 to 70.0% ferrite and the balance austenite in volume fraction.
- "consisting of ferrite and austenite” means having negligible phases other than ferrite and austenite.
- the volume fraction of precipitates and inclusions is negligibly small compared to the volume fractions of ferrite and austenite. That is, the microstructure of the duplex stainless steel according to the present embodiment may contain minute amounts of precipitates, inclusions, and the like in addition to ferrite and austenite.
- the microstructure of the duplex stainless steel material according to this embodiment has a volume fraction of ferrite of 30.0 to 70.0%. If the volume fraction of ferrite is too low, the yield strength and/or pitting corrosion resistance of the steel may decrease. On the other hand, if the volume fraction of ferrite is too high, the low-temperature toughness and/or hot workability of the steel may deteriorate. Therefore, in the microstructure of the duplex stainless steel material according to this embodiment, the volume fraction of ferrite is 30.0-70.0%. A preferable lower limit of the volume fraction of ferrite is 31.0%, more preferably 32.0%. A preferable upper limit of the volume fraction of ferrite is 68.0%, more preferably 65.0%.
- the volume fraction of ferrite in the duplex stainless steel material can be obtained by a method conforming to ASTM E562 (2019).
- a test piece for microstructure observation is produced from the duplex stainless steel material according to the present embodiment.
- the steel material is a steel plate
- a test piece having an observation surface of 5 mm in the rolling direction and 5 mm in the thickness direction from the central portion of the plate thickness is prepared.
- the steel material is a steel pipe
- a test piece having an observation surface of 5 mm in the pipe axial direction and 5 mm in the pipe radial direction from the center of the wall thickness is prepared.
- the steel material is round steel
- a test piece having an observation surface of 5 mm in the axial direction and 5 mm in the radial direction from the R/2 position is produced.
- the R/2 position of the round bar means the central position of the radius R in the cross section perpendicular to the axial direction of the round bar.
- the size of the test piece is not particularly limited as long as the above observation surface is obtained.
- the observation surface of the prepared test piece is mirror-polished.
- the mirror-polished observation surface is electrolytically corroded in a 7% potassium hydroxide corrosive solution to expose the structure.
- 10 fields of view of the observation surface where the tissue is exposed are observed using an optical microscope.
- the field of view area is not particularly limited, it is, for example, 1.00 mm 2 (magnification of 100 times).
- Ferrite is identified from the contrast in each field of view.
- the area ratio of the specified ferrite is measured by the point counting method based on ASTM E562 (2019).
- the arithmetic average value of the obtained ferrite area ratios in 10 fields of view is defined as the ferrite volume ratio (%).
- the volume fraction (%) of ferrite is obtained by rounding off the obtained numerical value to the second decimal place.
- the number density of Cu precipitates having a major diameter of 50 nm or less is 150 to 1500/ ⁇ m 3 in austenite.
- Cu precipitates having a major axis of 50 nm or less are also referred to as "fine Cu precipitates”.
- the Cu precipitate means a precipitate composed of Cu and impurities.
- EDS Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry
- the precipitates in the steel material have been conventionally reduced for the purpose of increasing the pitting corrosion resistance of the steel material.
- fine Cu precipitates in austenite increase the yield strength of steel materials. Fine Cu precipitates also have less effect on the low temperature toughness and pitting corrosion resistance of steel. Therefore, in the duplex stainless steel material according to the present embodiment, fine Cu precipitates, which have little effect on low-temperature toughness and pitting corrosion resistance, are actively precipitated in austenite. As a result, the duplex stainless steel material according to this embodiment can increase the yield strength of the steel material while maintaining pitting corrosion resistance.
- the number density of fine Cu precipitates is set to 150 to 1500/ ⁇ m 3 in austenite.
- the number density of fine Cu precipitates in the austenite is 150 to 1500 / ⁇ m 3 , excellent low temperature toughness and a high yield strength of 586 MPa or more can be obtained while maintaining excellent pitting corrosion resistance.
- a preferable lower limit of the number density of fine Cu precipitates in the austenite of the duplex stainless steel material according to the present embodiment is 156/ ⁇ m 3 , more preferably 160/ ⁇ m 3 .
- a preferable upper limit of the number density of fine Cu precipitates in the austenite of the duplex stainless steel material according to the present embodiment is 1200/ ⁇ m 3 , more preferably 900/ ⁇ m 3 , still more preferably 600/ ⁇ m 3 . is.
- the number density of fine Cu precipitates in austenite can be obtained by the following method.
- a thin film test piece for observing fine Cu precipitates is produced from the steel material according to the present embodiment.
- the steel material is a steel plate
- a thin film test piece is prepared from the central portion of the plate thickness.
- the steel material is a steel pipe
- a thin film test piece is prepared from the center of the wall thickness. If the steel material is a round bar, a thin film specimen is produced from the R/2 position.
- the thin film test piece is produced by electrolytic polishing using the Twin Jet method.
- the size of the thin film test piece is not particularly limited as long as the observation field described below can be obtained.
- Austenite in the observation plane can be specified by identifying the crystal structure by electron beam diffraction.
- a tissue observation is performed on the specified four fields of view using a transmission electron microscope (hereinafter also referred to as "TEM").
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- arbitrary four fields of view are specified as observation fields of view.
- the area of each observation field is not particularly limited, it is, for example, 800 nm ⁇ 800 nm.
- Deposits are identified from the contrast of the generated photographic image.
- precipitates having a major axis of 50 nm or less are specified by comparing with the scale bar in the image.
- a person skilled in the art can, of course, identify precipitates with a major axis of 50 nm or less in the observation field.
- Elemental analysis by EDS is performed on the precipitates with a major axis of 50 nm or less in austenite specified as described above.
- the target elements are quantified as Fe, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn, Mo, and Si.
- elemental analysis is performed on a range having a certain volume due to the characteristics of the device. In other words, even if precipitates are present on the observed surface, elemental analysis of the precipitates alone cannot be performed, and the elemental analysis of the base material is also performed at the same time. Therefore, when an elemental analysis by EDS is performed in a region where Cu precipitates are present on the observed surface, elements derived from the base material (such as Fe) are simultaneously detected in addition to Cu.
- the Cu content in the base material is 1.50 to 4.00% as described above. Therefore, in elemental analysis by EDS, if the precipitate has a Cu concentration of 15.0% by mass or more, it can be determined to be a Cu precipitate.
- the number of precipitates (fine Cu precipitates) having a major axis of 50 nm or less and a Cu concentration of 15.0% by mass or more is counted.
- the volume ( ⁇ m 3 ) of each observation area is obtained from the area of each observation field and the thickness of the observation area. The thickness of the observation region can be obtained from the total integrated intensity of the electron energy loss intensity spectrum (EELS) and the integrated intensity of the zero-loss spectrum for the thin film test piece.
- EELS electron energy loss intensity spectrum
- the number density (pieces/ ⁇ m 3 ) of fine Cu precipitates in each observation field Ask for Let the arithmetic mean value of the number density of fine Cu precipitates obtained in the four fields of view be the number density of fine Cu precipitates in austenite (pieces/ ⁇ m 3 ). In the present embodiment, the number density (pieces/ ⁇ m 3 ) of fine Cu precipitates in austenite is obtained by rounding off the obtained numerical value to the first decimal place.
- the yield strength of the duplex stainless steel material according to this embodiment is 586 MPa or more.
- the duplex stainless steel material according to the present embodiment has the chemical composition described above, further satisfies the formula (1), and has a microstructure consisting of 30.0 to 70.0% ferrite in volume fraction and the balance austenite. Further, the number density of Cu precipitates having a major axis of 50 nm or less in austenite is 150 to 1500/ ⁇ m 3 . As a result, the duplex stainless steel material according to this embodiment has excellent low temperature toughness and excellent pitting corrosion resistance even when the yield strength is 586 MPa or more.
- a preferable lower limit of the yield strength of the duplex stainless steel material according to the present embodiment is 590 MPa, more preferably 592 MPa, still more preferably 594 MPa.
- the upper limit of the yield strength of the duplex stainless steel material according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited, it is, for example, 724 MPa.
- the yield strength of the duplex stainless steel material according to this embodiment can be obtained by the following method. Specifically, a tensile test is performed by a method conforming to ASTM E8/E8M (2021). A test piece is produced from the steel material according to the present embodiment. When the steel material is a steel plate, a tensile test piece is prepared from the central portion of the plate thickness. In this case, the longitudinal direction of the tensile test piece is parallel to the rolling direction of the steel plate. When the steel material is a steel pipe, an arc-shaped test piece having a width of 25.4 mm and a gauge length of 50.8 mm is prepared which has the same thickness as the steel pipe.
- the longitudinal direction of the arc-shaped test piece is parallel to the axial direction of the steel pipe.
- a tensile test piece is produced from the R/2 position.
- the longitudinal direction of the tensile test piece shall be parallel to the axial direction of the round bar.
- the size of the tensile test piece is, for example, a parallel portion diameter of 6 mm and a gauge length of 24 mm.
- a tensile test is performed at room temperature (25° C.) in the atmosphere.
- the 0.2% offset yield strength obtained from the tensile test is defined as the yield strength (MPa).
- the yield strength (MPa) is obtained by rounding off the obtained numerical value to the first decimal place.
- the duplex stainless steel material according to the present embodiment has the chemical composition described above, further satisfies the formula (1), and has a microstructure consisting of 30.0 to 70.0% ferrite in volume fraction and the balance austenite. Further, the number density of Cu precipitates having a major axis of 50 nm or less in austenite is 150 to 1500/ ⁇ m 3 . As a result, the duplex stainless steel material according to this embodiment exhibits excellent low temperature toughness and excellent pitting corrosion resistance even when the yield strength is 586 MPa or more. In this embodiment, excellent low temperature toughness is defined as follows.
- the low-temperature toughness of the duplex stainless steel material according to this embodiment can be evaluated by a Charpy impact test conforming to ASTM E23 (2016).
- a V-notch test piece is produced from the steel material according to this embodiment in accordance with ASTM E23 (2016). Specifically, when the steel material is a steel plate, a V-notch test piece is produced from the central portion of the plate thickness. In this case, the notch surface of the V-notch test piece is parallel to the thickness direction and rolling direction of the steel plate, and the longitudinal direction is parallel to the rolling direction of the steel plate. When the steel material is a steel pipe, a V-notch test piece is produced from the thickness central portion.
- the notch surface of the V-notch test piece is parallel to the thickness direction and axial direction of the steel pipe, and the longitudinal direction is parallel to the axial direction of the steel pipe. If the steel material is a round bar, prepare a V-notch specimen from the R/2 position. In this case, the notch surface of the V-notch test piece is parallel to the radial and axial directions of the round bar, and the longitudinal direction is parallel to the axial direction of the round bar.
- a Charpy impact test in accordance with ASTM E23 (2016) is performed on the prepared V-notch test piece to determine the absorbed energy (J) at -10°C. Divide the obtained absorbed energy (J) by the cross-sectional area (cm 2 ) of the V-notch test piece to obtain the absorbed energy (J/cm 2 ) per unit area at -10°C.
- the cross-sectional area of the V-notch test piece means the area of the cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the V-notch test piece at the position of the V-notch bottom.
- the obtained absorbed energy (J) is divided by the cross-sectional area of 0.8 cm 2 (width 0.8 cm ⁇ thickness 1.0 cm) of the V-notch test piece.
- the absorbed energy (J/cm 2 ) per unit area can be obtained.
- the absorbed energy per unit area (J/cm 2 ) at ⁇ 10° C. is obtained by rounding off the obtained numerical value to the second decimal place.
- the absorbed energy per unit area at ⁇ 10° C. when the absorbed energy per unit area at ⁇ 10° C. is 60.0 J/cm 2 or more, it is judged to have excellent low temperature toughness.
- the absorbed energy per unit area at ⁇ 10° C. is also simply referred to as “absorbed energy”.
- the duplex stainless steel material according to the present embodiment has the chemical composition described above, further satisfies the formula (1), and has a microstructure consisting of 30.0 to 70.0% ferrite in volume fraction and the balance austenite. Further, the number density of Cu precipitates having a major axis of 50 nm or less in austenite is 150 to 1500/ ⁇ m 3 . As a result, the duplex stainless steel material according to this embodiment has excellent low temperature toughness and excellent pitting corrosion resistance even when the yield strength is 586 MPa or more. In this embodiment, excellent pitting corrosion resistance is defined as follows.
- the pitting corrosion resistance of the duplex stainless steel material according to this embodiment can be evaluated by a corrosion test based on ASTM G48 (2011) Method E.
- a test piece for a corrosion test is produced from the steel material according to this embodiment.
- the size of the test piece is, for example, 3 mm thick, 25 mm wide and 50 mm long.
- a test piece is produced from the central portion of the plate thickness.
- the longitudinal direction of the test piece is parallel to the rolling direction of the steel plate.
- the steel material is a steel pipe
- a test piece is prepared from the center of the wall thickness.
- the longitudinal direction of the test piece shall be parallel to the axial direction of the steel pipe.
- the steel material is a round bar
- a test piece is produced from the R/2 position.
- the longitudinal direction of the test piece shall be parallel to the axial direction of the round bar.
- the test solution is 6% FeCl 3 +1% HCl.
- a test piece is immersed in a test solution having a specific liquid volume of 5 mL/cm 2 or more.
- the test start temperature is 15°C, and the temperature of the test solution is raised by 5°C every 24 hours.
- the temperature at which pitting corrosion occurs in the test piece is defined as the critical pitting temperature (CPT).
- CPT critical pitting temperature
- the shape of the duplex stainless steel material according to this embodiment is not particularly limited.
- the duplex stainless steel material according to this embodiment is a seamless steel pipe.
- the duplex stainless steel material according to this embodiment is a seamless steel pipe, it has a yield strength of 586 MPa or more, excellent low-temperature toughness, and excellent pitting corrosion resistance even when the wall thickness is 5 mm or more.
- An example of the manufacturing method of the duplex stainless steel material according to the present embodiment having the above configuration will be described.
- the manufacturing method of the duplex stainless steel material according to the present embodiment is not limited to the manufacturing method described below.
- An example of the method for manufacturing the duplex stainless steel material of the present embodiment includes a material preparation step, a hot working step, and a solution heat treatment step. Each manufacturing process will be described in detail below.
- a material having the chemical composition described above is prepared.
- Materials may be prepared by manufacturing or may be prepared by purchasing from a third party. That is, the method of preparing the material is not particularly limited.
- a molten steel having the above chemical composition is produced.
- a cast piece (slab, bloom, or billet) is produced by continuous casting using molten steel.
- a steel ingot (ingot) may be produced by an ingot casting method using molten steel. If desired, the slab, bloom or ingot may be bloomed to produce a billet.
- the material is manufactured by the above steps.
- the material prepared in the preparatory process is hot worked to manufacture an intermediate steel material.
- intermediate steel material refers to a plate-shaped steel material when the final product is a steel plate, a blank pipe when the final product is a steel pipe, and a cross section perpendicular to the axial direction when the final product is a round steel. It is a circular rod-shaped steel material, and if the final product is a wire material, it is a linear steel material.
- the hot working may be hot forging, hot extrusion, or hot rolling.
- the method of hot working is not particularly limited, and a known method may be used.
- the hot working process for example, the Eugene Sejournet method or the Erhardt pushbench method (that is, hot extrusion) may be performed.
- Piercing rolling that is, hot rolling
- the hot working may be performed only once, or may be performed multiple times.
- the above-described hot extrusion may be performed after the above-described piercing-rolling is performed on the raw material.
- the raw material may be stretch-rolled after being subjected to the above-described piercing-rolling. That is, in the hot working step, hot working is performed by a well-known method to produce an intermediate steel material having a desired shape.
- Solution treatment step In the solution treatment process according to the present embodiment, the intermediate steel material produced in the hot working process is subjected to solution treatment to produce a duplex stainless steel material.
- Solution treatment means a heat treatment that dissolves the compounds in the intermediate steel. That is, the solution treatment process includes a process of heat-treating the intermediate steel material at a desired temperature (heat treatment process) and a process of rapidly cooling the heat-treated intermediate steel material (quenching process).
- the solution treatment process according to the present embodiment includes a process of maintaining the temperature of the intermediate steel material (maintenance process) between the heat treatment process and the quenching process. Each step will be described in detail below.
- heat treatment process In the heat treatment process according to the present embodiment, heat treatment is performed on the intermediate steel material produced in the hot working process. Specifically, preferably, the intermediate steel material is heat treated at a heat treatment temperature of 960 to 1100° C. for a heat treatment time of 5 to 180 minutes.
- the heat treatment temperature means the temperature (° C.) of the heat treatment furnace for carrying out the solution treatment.
- the heat treatment time means the time from when the material is charged into the heat treatment furnace for carrying out the solution treatment until it is taken out.
- the heat treatment temperature is preferably 960 to 1100.degree. A more preferable lower limit of the heat treatment temperature is 965°C. A more preferable upper limit of the heat treatment temperature is 1080°C.
- the heat treatment time is preferably 5 to 180 minutes.
- the intermediate steel material heat-treated in the heat treatment process is maintained.
- the intermediate steel material is preferably maintained within the range of 900 to 950° C. for 20 to 180 seconds.
- "maintaining the temperature of the intermediate steel material” is not limited to the case where the temperature is maintained at a constant temperature.
- the intermediate steel material may be cooled at a cooling rate equal to or lower than natural cooling (such as natural cooling or slow cooling) so that the temperature of the intermediate steel material falls within the range of 900 to 950°C.
- the intermediate steel material may be further heated using a reheating furnace or a high-frequency heating furnace so that the temperature of the intermediate steel material falls within the range of 900 to 950.degree. That is, in the maintaining step according to the present embodiment, the intermediate steel material may be kept at a constant temperature, the intermediate steel material may be allowed to cool or slowly cooled, or the intermediate steel material may be heated.
- the maintaining temperature it is preferable to set the maintaining temperature to 900 to 950.degree.
- the maintaining time it is preferable to set the maintaining time to 20 to 180 seconds.
- quenching start temperature is the temperature of the intermediate steel material at the completion of the above-described maintaining step. If the quenching start temperature is too low, too many fine Cu precipitates may precipitate in the austenite. In this case, the low temperature toughness of the steel is lowered. Therefore, in the quenching step according to the present embodiment, it is preferable to perform quenching immediately after maintaining the intermediate steel material at 900 to 950° C. in the above-described maintaining step.
- the quenching method is not particularly limited, and a well-known method may be used.
- the intermediate steel material can be cooled by shower water cooling, mist water cooling, oil cooling, or the like.
- the cooling rate in the quenching step is not particularly limited, but for example, the cooling rate from 900° C. to 400° C. is 3° C./second or more.
- the duplex stainless steel material that has undergone solution treatment may be subjected to pickling treatment as necessary.
- the pickling treatment may be performed by a well-known method, and is not particularly limited.
- the strength of the steel material becomes too high, and the toughness of the steel material is extremely reduced. Therefore, it is preferable not to perform cold working on the duplex stainless steel material according to this embodiment.
- the duplex stainless steel material according to this embodiment can be manufactured.
- the above-described method of manufacturing the duplex stainless steel material is an example, and the duplex stainless steel material may be manufactured by other methods. The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples.
- Step 2 and 3 After heating the obtained ingots at the rolling temperature (°C) shown in Tables 2 and 3, hot rolling was performed to produce intermediate steel materials having shapes shown in Tables 2 and 3.
- the rolling temperature (°C) was the temperature (°C) of the heating furnace used for heating.
- the "Shape" columns in Tables 2 and 3 are as follows. “Steel pipe A” means a seamless steel pipe having an outer diameter of 177.8 mm and a wall thickness of 12.65 mm. “Steel pipe B” means a seamless steel pipe having an outer diameter of 139.7 mm and a wall thickness of 9.2 mm. “Steel pipe C” means a seamless steel pipe having an outer diameter of 114.3 mm and a wall thickness of 7.4 mm.
- Step pipe D means a seamless steel pipe having an outer diameter of 198.2 mm and a wall thickness of 21.2 mm.
- the “steel plate” means a steel plate having a thickness of 13 mm and a rectangular cross section of 15 mm ⁇ 60 mm on a side perpendicular to the thickness direction.
- “Round steel” means a cylindrical shape with an axial length of 500 mm and a cross section perpendicular to the axial direction having a circular diameter of 50 mm.
- the intermediate steel materials of each test number manufactured by hot rolling were subjected to solution treatment under the conditions shown in Tables 2 and 3 to manufacture the steel materials of each test number.
- the intermediate steel materials of each test number were subjected to heat treatment at the heat treatment temperature (°C) and heat treatment time (minutes) shown in Tables 2 and 3.
- the furnace temperature of the heat treatment furnace for performing the solution treatment was the heat treatment temperature (° C.).
- the heat treatment time (minutes) was defined as the time from the introduction of the intermediate steel material into the heat treatment furnace for solution treatment until extraction.
- Tables 2 and 3 show heat treatment temperatures (°C) and heat treatment times (minutes) for the heat treatments performed on the intermediate steel materials of each test number.
- Tables 2 and 3 show the maintenance temperature (°C), maintenance time (seconds), and quenching start temperature (°C) for each test number.
- the steel material of each test number was obtained.
- the shape of the intermediate steel material of each test number and the shape of the steel material of the corresponding test number were the same.
- microstructure observation was performed by the above-described method based on ASTM E562 (2019) to determine the ferrite volume fraction (%).
- a test piece having a cross section perpendicular to the rolling direction of the steel material as an observation surface was produced from the steel material of each test number. Specifically, when the shape of the steel material was a steel pipe, a test piece was produced from the thickness central portion. When the shape of the steel material was a steel plate, a test piece was produced from the central portion of the plate thickness. Furthermore, when the shape of the steel material was a round bar, a test piece was produced from the R/2 position. Using the prepared test piece, the ferrite volume fraction was determined by the method described above. Tables 2 and 3 show the obtained ferrite volume fraction (%) for each test number.
- Test test A tensile test was performed on the steel material of each test number by the above-described method based on ASTM E8/E8M (2021) to determine the yield strength (MPa).
- a test piece for a tensile test was produced from the steel material of each test number. Specifically, when the shape of the steel material was a steel pipe, the thickness was the same as that of the steel pipe, and an arc-shaped test piece with a width of 25.4 mm and a gauge length of 50.8 mm was produced. When the shape of the steel material was a steel plate, a tensile test piece was prepared from the central portion of the plate thickness.
- a tensile test piece was produced from the R/2 position.
- the size of the tensile test piece was a parallel portion diameter of 6 mm and a gauge length of 24 mm.
- the longitudinal direction of the tensile test piece and the arc-shaped test piece was parallel to the rolling direction of the steel material.
- a tensile test was carried out in accordance with ASTM E8/E8M (2021) for the prepared test pieces of each test number.
- the 0.2% offset yield strength obtained in the tensile test was defined as the yield strength.
- the yield strength (MPa) obtained for each test number is shown in Tables 2 and 3 as "YS (MPa)".
- a V-notch test piece for Charpy impact test was produced from the steel material of each test number in accordance with ASTM E23 (2016).
- the shape of the steel material was a steel pipe
- a V-notch test piece having a notch surface parallel to the thickness direction and the pipe axis direction was produced from the thickness central portion.
- the shape of the steel material was a steel plate
- a V-notch test piece having notched surfaces parallel to the plate thickness direction and the rolling direction was prepared from the plate thickness center.
- V-notch test piece having notch surfaces parallel to the radial direction and the axial direction was produced from the R/2 position.
- the longitudinal direction of the V-notch test piece was parallel to the rolling direction of the steel material.
- the shape of the steel material was steel pipe A, steel pipe D, steel plate, and round steel, a full size (width 10 mm, thickness 10 mm, length 55 mm) V-notch test piece was produced.
- a sub-sized V-notch test piece width 10 mm, thickness 7.5 mm, length 55 mm
- the width of the V-notch test piece means the distance between the surface on which the V-notch is formed and the opposite surface of the V-notch test piece.
- a Charpy impact test was carried out in accordance with ASTM E23 (2016) on the prepared V-notch test piece of each test number. Specifically, three test pieces of each test number prepared according to ASTM E23 (2016) were cooled to -10°C, and the absorbed energy (J) was determined. The obtained absorbed energy was divided by the cross-sectional area (cm 2 ) perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the V-notch test piece used to obtain the absorbed energy per unit area (J/cm 2 ) at -10°C. The longitudinal cross-sectional area (cm 2 ) of the V-notch test piece was defined by the method described above. Tables 2 and 3 show the absorbed energy (J/cm 2 ) per unit area at ⁇ 10° C. for each test number obtained as “E ( ⁇ 10° C.) (J/cm 2 )”.
- a corrosion test was performed on the steel material of each test number by the above-described method based on ASTM G48 (2011) Method E to evaluate the pitting corrosion resistance.
- a test piece for corrosion test was produced from the steel material of each test number. Specifically, when the shape of the steel material was a steel pipe, a test piece was produced from the thickness central portion. When the shape of the steel material was a steel plate, a test piece was produced from the central portion of the plate thickness. When the shape of the steel material was a round steel, a test piece was produced from the R/2 position. The size of the test piece for the corrosion test was 3 mm in thickness, 25 mm in width, and 50 mm in length, and the longitudinal direction of the test piece was parallel to the rolling direction of the steel material.
- the prepared test piece of each test number was immersed in a test solution (6% FeCl 3 +1% HCl) having a specific liquid volume of 5 mL/cm 2 or more and a temperature of 15°C. Every 24 hours after the test piece was immersed in the test solution, the temperature of the test solution was raised by 5° C., and the occurrence of pitting corrosion was visually confirmed. The temperature at which pitting corrosion occurred was defined as CPT (°C). Tables 2 and 3 show the obtained CPT (°C) of each test number.
- the steel materials of test numbers 1 to 42 had appropriate chemical compositions and Fn1 of 30.0 or more. Furthermore, the manufacturing method was also the preferred manufacturing method described in the specification. As a result, the volume fraction of ferrite was 30.0 to 70.0%, and the number density of fine Cu precipitates in austenite was 150 to 1500/ ⁇ m 3 . As a result, the yield strength was 586 MPa or more, the CPT exceeded 15°C, and the absorbed energy per unit area at -10°C was 60.0 J/cm 2 or more. That is, the steel materials of test numbers 1 to 42 had a yield strength of 586 MPa or more, excellent low temperature toughness, and excellent pitting corrosion resistance.
- the heat treatment temperature was too low.
- the number density of fine Cu precipitates in austenite exceeded 1500 pieces/ ⁇ m 3 .
- the absorbed energy per unit area at ⁇ 10° C. was less than 60.0 J/cm 2 . That is, the steel material of Test No. 43 did not have excellent low temperature toughness.
- the maintenance temperature was too high.
- the quenching start temperature was also too high.
- the number density of fine Cu precipitates in austenite was less than 150/ ⁇ m 3 .
- the yield strength was less than 586 MPa. That is, the steel material of test number 44 did not have a yield strength of 586 MPa or more.
- the maintenance process was not performed for the steel material of test number 45.
- the quenching start temperature was also too high.
- the number density of fine Cu precipitates in austenite was less than 150/ ⁇ m 3 .
- the yield strength was less than 586 MPa. That is, the steel material of test number 45 did not have a yield strength of 586 MPa or more.
- the maintenance time was too short for steels of test numbers 46 and 47.
- the number density of fine Cu precipitates in austenite was less than 150/ ⁇ m 3 .
- the yield strength was less than 586 MPa. That is, the steel materials of test numbers 46 and 47 did not have a yield strength of 586 MPa or more.
- the quenching start temperature was too low.
- the number density of fine Cu precipitates in austenite exceeded 1500 pieces/ ⁇ m 3 .
- the absorbed energy per unit area at ⁇ 10° C. was less than 60.0 J/cm 2 . That is, the steel material of Test No. 48 did not have excellent low temperature toughness.
- the Cr content was too low.
- the volume fraction of ferrite was less than 30.0%.
- the yield strength was less than 586 MPa. That is, the steel material of test number 50 did not have a yield strength of 586 MPa or more.
- the Cu content was too low.
- the number density of fine Cu precipitates in austenite was less than 150/ ⁇ m 3 .
- the yield strength was less than 586 MPa. That is, the steel material of test number 51 did not have a yield strength of 586 MPa or more.
- the gist of the duplex stainless steel material according to this embodiment can also be described as follows.
- the balance consists of Fe and impurities and satisfies the formula (1A),
- the microstructure consists of 30.0 to 70.0% ferrite by volume and the balance is austenite, Yield strength is 586 MPa or more, In the austenite, the number density of Cu precipitates with a major axis of 50 nm or less is 150 to 1500 / ⁇ m 3 , Duplex stainless steel material. Cr+3.3Mo+16N ⁇ 30.0 (1A)
- the content of the corresponding element is substituted for the symbol of the element in the formula (1A) in
- duplex stainless steel material according to [2], Nb: 0.100% or less, Ta: 0.100% or less, Ti: 0.100% or less, Zr: 0.100% or less, Hf: 0.100% or less, and W: 0.200% or less, containing one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Duplex stainless steel material.
- duplex stainless steel material according to [2] or [3], Co: 0.500% or less, Sn: 0.100% or less, and Sb: 0.100% or less, containing one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Duplex stainless steel material.
- duplex stainless steel material according to any one of [2] to [4], Ca: 0.020% or less, Mg: 0.020% or less, B: 0.020% or less, and Rare earth element: 0.200% or less, containing one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Duplex stainless steel material.
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Abstract
Description
質量%で、
C:0.030%以下、
Si:0.20~1.00%、
Mn:0.50~7.00%、
P:0.040%以下、
S:0.020%以下、
Al:0.100%以下、
Ni:4.20~9.00%、
Cr:20.00~30.00%、
Mo:0.50~2.00%、
Cu:1.50~4.00%、
N:0.150~0.350%、
V:0.01~1.50%、
Nb:0~0.100%、
Ta:0~0.100%、
Ti:0~0.100%、
Zr:0~0.100%、
Hf:0~0.100%、
W:0~0.200%、
Co:0~0.500%、
Sn:0~0.100%、
Sb:0~0.100%、
Ca:0~0.020%、
Mg:0~0.020%、
B:0~0.020%、
希土類元素:0~0.200%、及び、
残部がFe及び不純物からなり、式(1)を満たし、
ミクロ組織が、体積率で30.0~70.0%のフェライト、及び、残部がオーステナイトからなり、
降伏強度が586MPa以上であり、
前記オーステナイト中において、長径50nm以下のCu析出物の個数密度が150~1500個/μm3である。
Cr+3.3(Mo+0.5W)+16N≧30.0 (1)
ここで、式(1)中の元素記号には、対応する元素の含有量が質量%で代入される。対応する元素が含有されていない場合、その元素記号には「0」が代入される。
Cr+3.3(Mo+0.5W)+16N≧30.0 (1)
ここで、式(1)中の元素記号には、対応する元素の含有量が質量%で代入される。対応する元素が含有されていない場合、その元素記号には「0」が代入される。
質量%で、
C:0.030%以下、
Si:0.20~1.00%、
Mn:0.50~7.00%、
P:0.040%以下、
S:0.020%以下、
Al:0.100%以下、
Ni:4.20~9.00%、
Cr:20.00~30.00%、
Mo:0.50~2.00%、
Cu:1.50~4.00%、
N:0.150~0.350%、
V:0.01~1.50%、
Nb:0~0.100%、
Ta:0~0.100%、
Ti:0~0.100%、
Zr:0~0.100%、
Hf:0~0.100%、
W:0~0.200%、
Co:0~0.500%、
Sn:0~0.100%、
Sb:0~0.100%、
Ca:0~0.020%、
Mg:0~0.020%、
B:0~0.020%、
希土類元素:0~0.200%、及び、
残部がFe及び不純物からなり、式(1)を満たし、
ミクロ組織が、体積率で30.0~70.0%のフェライト、及び、残部がオーステナイトからなり、
降伏強度が586MPa以上であり、
前記オーステナイト中において、長径50nm以下のCu析出物の個数密度が150~1500個/μm3である、
二相ステンレス鋼材。
Cr+3.3(Mo+0.5W)+16N≧30.0 (1)
ここで、式(1)中の元素記号には、対応する元素の含有量が質量%で代入される。対応する元素が含有されていない場合、その元素記号には「0」が代入される。
[1]に記載の二相ステンレス鋼材であって、
Nb:0.001~0.100%、
Ta:0.001~0.100%、
Ti:0.001~0.100%、
Zr:0.001~0.100%、
Hf:0.001~0.100%、
W:0.001~0.200%、
Co:0.001~0.500%、
Sn:0.001~0.100%、
Sb:0.001~0.100%、
Ca:0.001~0.020%、
Mg:0.001~0.020%、
B:0.001~0.020%、及び、
希土類元素:0.001~0.200%、からなる群から選択される1元素以上を含有する、
二相ステンレス鋼材。
[1]又は[2]に記載の二相ステンレス鋼材であって、
Nb:0.001~0.100%、
Ta:0.001~0.100%、
Ti:0.001~0.100%、
Zr:0.001~0.100%、
Hf:0.001~0.100%、及び、
W:0.001~0.200%、からなる群から選択される1元素以上を含有する、
二相ステンレス鋼材。
[1]~[3]のいずれか1項に記載の二相ステンレス鋼材であって、
Co:0.001~0.500%、
Sn:0.001~0.100%、及び、
Sb:0.001~0.100%、からなる群から選択される1元素以上を含有する、
二相ステンレス鋼材。
[1]~[4]のいずれか1項に記載の二相ステンレス鋼材であって、
Ca:0.001~0.020%、
Mg:0.001~0.020%、
B:0.001~0.020%、及び、
希土類元素:0.001~0.200%、からなる群から選択される1元素以上を含有する、
二相ステンレス鋼材。
本実施形態による二相ステンレス鋼材の化学組成は、次の元素を含有する。元素に関する「%」は、特に断りがない限り、質量%を意味する。
炭素(C)は不可避に含有される。すなわち、C含有量の下限は0%超である。Cは結晶粒界にCr炭化物を形成し、粒界での腐食感受性を高める。そのため、C含有量が高すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材の耐孔食性が低下する。したがって、C含有量は0.030%以下である。C含有量の好ましい上限は0.028%であり、さらに好ましくは0.025%である。C含有量はなるべく低い方が好ましい。しかしながら、C含有量の極端な低減は、製造コストを大幅に高める。したがって、工業生産を考慮した場合、C含有量の好ましい下限は0.001%であり、さらに好ましくは0.005%である。
ケイ素(Si)は鋼を脱酸する。Si含有量が低すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、上記効果が十分に得られない。一方、Si含有量が高すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材の低温靱性及び熱間加工性が低下する。したがって、Si含有量は0.20~1.00%である。Si含有量の好ましい下限は0.25%であり、さらに好ましくは0.30%である。Si含有量の好ましい上限は0.80%であり、さらに好ましくは0.60%である。
マンガン(Mn)は鋼を脱酸し、鋼を脱硫する。Mnはさらに、鋼材の熱間加工性を高める。Mn含有量が低すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、上記効果が十分に得られない。一方、MnはP及びS等の不純物とともに、粒界に偏析する。そのため、Mn含有量が高すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、高温環境における鋼材の耐孔食性が低下する。したがって、Mn含有量は0.50~7.00%である。Mn含有量の好ましい下限は0.75%であり、さらに好ましくは1.00%である。Mn含有量の好ましい上限は6.50%であり、さらに好ましくは6.20%である。
燐(P)は不可避に含有される。すなわち、P含有量の下限は0%超である。Pは粒界に偏析する。そのため、P含有量が高すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材の低温靱性及び耐孔食性が低下する。したがって、P含有量は0.040%以下である。P含有量の好ましい上限は0.035%であり、さらに好ましくは0.030%である。P含有量はなるべく低い方が好ましい。ただし、P含有量の極端な低減は、製造コストを大幅に高める。したがって、工業生産を考慮した場合、P含有量の好ましい下限は0.001%であり、さらに好ましくは0.003%である。
硫黄(S)は不可避に含有される。すなわち、S含有量の下限は0%超である。Sは粒界に偏析する。そのため、S含有量が高すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材の低温靱性及び耐孔食性が低下する。したがって、S含有量は0.020%以下である。S含有量の好ましい上限は0.018%であり、さらに好ましくは0.016%である。S含有量はなるべく低い方が好ましい。ただし、S含有量の極端な低減は、製造コストを大幅に高める。したがって、工業生産を考慮した場合、S含有量の好ましい下限は0.0001%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0003%であり、さらに好ましくは0.001%であり、さらに好ましくは0.002%である。
アルミニウム(Al)は不可避に含有される。すなわち、Al含有量の下限は0%超である。Alは鋼を脱酸する。一方、Al含有量が高すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、粗大な酸化物系介在物が生成して、鋼材の低温靱性が低下する。したがって、Al含有量は0.100%以下である。Al含有量の好ましい下限は0.001%であり、さらに好ましくは0.005%であり、さらに好ましくは0.010%である。Al含有量の好ましい上限は0.090%であり、さらに好ましくは0.085%である。なお、本明細書にいうAl含有量は、「酸可溶Al」、つまり、sol.Alの含有量を意味する。
ニッケル(Ni)は鋼材のオーステナイト組織を安定化する。すなわち、Niは安定したフェライト・オーステナイトの二相組織を得るために必要な元素である。Niはさらに、鋼材の耐孔食性を高める。Ni含有量が低すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、上記効果が十分に得られない。一方、Ni含有量が高すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、オーステナイトの体積率が高くなりすぎ、鋼材の降伏強度が低下する。したがって、Ni含有量は4.20~9.00%である。Ni含有量の好ましい下限は4.25%であり、さらに好ましくは4.30%であり、さらに好ましくは4.35%であり、さらに好ましくは4.40%であり、さらに好ましくは4.50%である。Ni含有量の好ましい上限は8.75%であり、さらに好ましくは8.50%であり、さらに好ましくは8.25%であり、さらに好ましくは8.00%であり、さらに好ましくは7.75%である。
クロム(Cr)は鋼材の耐孔食性を高める。具体的に、Crは酸化物として鋼材の表面に不働態被膜を形成する。その結果、鋼材の耐孔食性が高まる。Crはさらに、鋼材のフェライト組織の体積率を高める。十分なフェライト組織を得ることで、鋼材の耐孔食性が安定化する。Cr含有量が低すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、上記効果が十分に得られない。一方、Cr含有量が高すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材の熱間加工性が低下する。したがって、Cr含有量は20.00~30.00%である。Cr含有量の好ましい下限は20.50%であり、さらに好ましくは21.00%であり、さらに好ましくは21.50%である。Cr含有量の好ましい上限は29.50%であり、さらに好ましくは29.00%であり、さらに好ましくは28.00%である。
モリブデン(Mo)は鋼材の耐孔食性を高める。Moはさらに、鋼に固溶して、鋼材の降伏強度を高める。Moはさらに、鋼中で微細な炭化物を形成して、鋼材の降伏強度を高める。Mo含有量が低すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、上記効果が十分に得られない。一方、Mo含有量が高すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材の熱間加工性が低下する。したがって、Mo含有量は0.50~2.00%である。Mo含有量の好ましい下限は0.60%であり、さらに好ましくは0.70%であり、さらに好ましくは0.80%である。Mo含有量の好ましい上限は2.00%未満であり、さらに好ましくは1.85%であり、さらに好ましくは1.50%である。
銅(Cu)は鋼材のオーステナイト中に微細Cu析出物として析出し、鋼材の降伏強度を高める。Cu含有量が低すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、上記効果が十分に得られない。一方、Cu含有量が高すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材の熱間加工性が低下する。したがって、Cu含有量は1.50~4.00%である。Cu含有量の好ましい下限は1.60%であり、さらに好ましくは1.80%であり、さらに好ましくは1.90%であり、さらに好ましくは2.00%であり、さらに好ましくは2.50%である。Cu含有量の好ましい上限は3.90%であり、さらに好ましくは3.75%であり、さらに好ましくは3.50%である。
窒素(N)は鋼材のオーステナイト組織を安定化させる。すなわち、Nは安定したフェライト・オーステナイトの二相組織を得るために必要な元素である。Nはさらに、鋼材の耐孔食性を高める。N含有量が低すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、上記効果が十分に得られない。一方、N含有量が高すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材の低温靭性及び熱間加工性が低下する。したがって、N含有量は0.150~0.350%である。N含有量の好ましい下限は0.170%であり、さらに好ましくは0.180%であり、さらに好ましくは0.190%である。N含有量の好ましい上限は、0.340%であり、さらに好ましくは0.330%である。
バナジウム(V)は鋼材の降伏強度を高める。V含有量が低すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、上記効果が十分に得られない。一方、V含有量が高すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材の強度が高くなりすぎ、鋼材の低温靭性及び熱間加工性が低下する。したがって、V含有量は0.01~1.50%である。V含有量の好ましい下限は0.02%であり、さらに好ましくは0.03%であり、さらに好ましくは0.05%である。V含有量の好ましい上限は1.20%であり、さらに好ましくは1.00%である。
上述の二相ステンレス鋼材の化学組成はさらに、Feの一部に代えて、Nb、Ta、Ti、Zr、Hf、及び、Wからなる群から選択される1元素以上を含有してもよい。これらの元素はいずれも任意元素であり、鋼材の強度を高める。
ニオブ(Nb)は任意元素であり、含有されなくてもよい。すなわち、Nb含有量は0%であってもよい。含有される場合、Nbは炭窒化物を形成し、鋼材の強度を高める。Nbが少しでも含有されれば、上記効果がある程度得られる。しかしながら、Nb含有量が高すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材の強度が高くなりすぎ、鋼材の低温靭性が低下する。したがって、Nb含有量は0~0.100%である。Nb含有量の好ましい下限は0%超であり、さらに好ましくは0.001%であり、さらに好ましくは0.002%であり、さらに好ましくは0.003%であり、さらに好ましくは0.005%である。Nb含有量の好ましい上限は0.080%であり、さらに好ましくは0.070%である。
タンタル(Ta)は任意元素であり、含有されなくてもよい。すなわち、Ta含有量は0%であってもよい。含有される場合、Taは炭窒化物を形成し、鋼材の強度を高める。Taが少しでも含有されれば、上記効果がある程度得られる。しかしながら、Ta含有量が高すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材の強度が高くなりすぎ、鋼材の低温靭性が低下する。したがって、Ta含有量は0~0.100%である。Ta含有量の好ましい下限は0%超であり、さらに好ましくは0.001%であり、さらに好ましくは0.002%であり、さらに好ましくは0.003%であり、さらに好ましくは0.005%である。Ta含有量の好ましい上限は0.080%であり、さらに好ましくは0.070%である。
チタン(Ti)は任意元素であり、含有されなくてもよい。すなわち、Ti含有量は0%であってもよい。含有される場合、Tiは炭窒化物を形成し、鋼材の強度を高める。Tiが少しでも含有されれば、上記効果がある程度得られる。しかしながら、Ti含有量が高すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材の強度が高くなりすぎ、鋼材の低温靭性が低下する。したがって、Ti含有量は0~0.100%である。Ti含有量の好ましい下限は0%超であり、さらに好ましくは0.001%であり、さらに好ましくは0.002%であり、さらに好ましくは0.003%であり、さらに好ましくは0.005%である。Ti含有量の好ましい上限は0.080%であり、さらに好ましくは0.070%である。
ジルコニウム(Zr)は任意元素であり、含有されなくてもよい。すなわち、Zr含有量は0%であってもよい。含有される場合、Zrは炭窒化物を形成し、鋼材の強度を高める。Zrが少しでも含有されれば、上記効果がある程度得られる。しかしながら、Zr含有量が高すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材の強度が高くなりすぎ、鋼材の低温靭性が低下する。したがって、Zr含有量は0~0.100%である。Zr含有量の好ましい下限は0%超であり、さらに好ましくは0.001%であり、さらに好ましくは0.002%であり、さらに好ましくは0.003%であり、さらに好ましくは0.005%である。Zr含有量の好ましい上限は0.080%であり、さらに好ましくは0.070%である。
ハフニウム(Hf)は任意元素であり、含有されなくてもよい。すなわち、Hf含有量は0%であってもよい。含有される場合、Hfは炭窒化物を形成し、鋼材の強度を高める。Hfが少しでも含有されれば、上記効果がある程度得られる。しかしながら、Hf含有量が高すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材の強度が高くなりすぎ、鋼材の低温靭性が低下する。したがって、Hf含有量は0~0.100%である。Hf含有量の好ましい下限は0%超であり、さらに好ましくは0.001%であり、さらに好ましくは0.002%であり、さらに好ましくは0.003%であり、さらに好ましくは0.005%である。Hf含有量の好ましい上限は0.080%であり、さらに好ましくは0.070%である。
タングステン(W)は任意元素であり、含有されなくてもよい。すなわち、W含有量は0%であってもよい。含有される場合、Wは炭窒化物を形成し、鋼材の強度を高める。Wが少しでも含有されれば、上記効果がある程度得られる。しかしながら、W含有量が高すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材の強度が高くなりすぎ、鋼材の低温靭性が低下する。したがって、W含有量は0~0.200%である。W含有量の好ましい下限は0%超であり、さらに好ましくは0.001%であり、さらに好ましくは0.002%であり、さらに好ましくは0.003%であり、さらに好ましくは0.005%である。W含有量の好ましい上限は0.180%であり、さらに好ましくは0.150%である。
コバルト(Co)は任意元素であり、含有されなくてもよい。すなわち、Co含有量は0%であってもよい。含有される場合、Coは鋼材の表面に被膜を形成して、鋼材の耐食性を高める。Coはさらに、鋼材の焼入性を高め、鋼材の強度を安定化する。Coが少しでも含有されれば、上記効果がある程度得られる。しかしながら、Co含有量が高すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、製造コストが極端に高まる。したがって、Co含有量は0~0.500%である。Co含有量の好ましい下限は0%超であり、さらに好ましくは0.001%であり、さらに好ましくは0.010%であり、さらに好ましくは0.020%である。Co含有量の好ましい上限は0.480%であり、さらに好ましくは0.460%であり、さらに好ましくは0.450%である。
スズ(Sn)は任意元素であり、含有されなくてもよい。すなわち、Sn含有量は0%であってもよい。含有される場合、Snは鋼材の耐食性を高める。Snが少しでも含有されれば、上記効果がある程度得られる。しかしながら、Sn含有量が高すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、粒界に液化脆化割れを生じることにより、鋼材の熱間加工性が低下する。したがって、Sn含有量は0~0.100%である。Sn含有量の好ましい下限は0%超であり、さらに好ましくは0.001%であり、さらに好ましくは0.002%であり、さらに好ましくは0.003%である。Sn含有量の好ましい上限は0.080%であり、さらに好ましくは0.070%である。
アンチモン(Sb)は任意元素であり、含有されなくてもよい。すなわち、Sb含有量は0%であってもよい。含有される場合、Sbは鋼材の耐食性を高める。Sbが少しでも含有されれば、上記効果がある程度得られる。しかしながら、Sb含有量が高すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材の高温での延性が低下して、鋼材の熱間加工性が低下する。したがって、Sb含有量は0~0.100%である。Sb含有量の好ましい下限は0%超であり、さらに好ましくは0.001%であり、さらに好ましくは0.002%であり、さらに好ましくは0.003%である。Sb含有量の好ましい上限は0.080%であり、さらに好ましくは0.070%である。
カルシウム(Ca)は任意元素であり、含有されなくてもよい。すなわち、Ca含有量は0%であってもよい。含有される場合、Caは鋼材中のSを硫化物として固定することで無害化し、鋼材の熱間加工性を高める。Caが少しでも含有されれば、上記効果がある程度得られる。しかしながら、Ca含有量が高すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材中の酸化物が粗大化して、鋼材の低温靭性が低下する。したがって、Ca含有量は0~0.020%である。Ca含有量の好ましい下限は0%超であり、さらに好ましくは0.001%であり、さらに好ましくは0.002%であり、さらに好ましくは0.003%であり、さらに好ましくは0.005%である。Ca含有量の好ましい上限は0.018%であり、さらに好ましくは0.015%である。
マグネシウム(Mg)は任意元素であり、含有されなくてもよい。すなわち、Mg含有量は0%であってもよい。含有される場合、Mgは鋼材中のSを硫化物として固定することで無害化し、鋼材の熱間加工性を高める。Mgが少しでも含有されれば、上記効果がある程度得られる。しかしながら、Mg含有量が高すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材中の酸化物が粗大化して、鋼材の低温靭性が低下する。したがって、Mg含有量は0~0.020%である。Mg含有量の好ましい下限は0%超であり、さらに好ましくは0.001%であり、さらに好ましくは0.002%であり、さらに好ましくは0.003%であり、さらに好ましくは0.005%である。Mg含有量の好ましい上限は0.018%であり、さらに好ましくは0.015%である。
ホウ素(B)は任意元素であり、含有されなくてもよい。すなわち、B含有量は0%であってもよい。含有される場合、Bは鋼材中のSの粒界への偏析を抑制し、鋼材の熱間加工性を高める。Bが少しでも含有されれば、上記効果がある程度得られる。しかしながら、B含有量が高すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、ボロン窒化物(BN)が生成し、鋼材の低温靱性を低下させる。したがって、B含有量は0~0.020%である。B含有量の好ましい下限は0%超であり、さらに好ましくは0.001%であり、さらに好ましくは0.002%であり、さらに好ましくは0.003%であり、さらに好ましくは0.005%である。B含有量の好ましい上限は0.018%であり、さらに好ましくは0.015%である。
希土類元素(REM)は任意元素であり、含有されなくてもよい。すなわち、REM含有量は0%であってもよい。含有される場合、REMは鋼材中のSを硫化物として固定することで無害化し、鋼材の熱間加工性を高める。REMが少しでも含有されれば上記効果がある程度得られる。しかしながら、REM含有量が高すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材中の酸化物が粗大化して、鋼材の低温靭性が低下する。したがって、REM含有量は0~0.200%である。REM含有量の好ましい下限は0%超であり、さらに好ましくは0.001%であり、さらに好ましくは0.005%であり、さらに好ましくは0.010%であり、さらに好ましくは0.020%である。REM含有量の好ましい上限は0.180%であり、さらに好ましくは0.160%である。
本実施形態による二相ステンレス鋼材の化学組成はさらに、次の式(1)を満たす。
Cr+3.3(Mo+0.5W)+16N≧30.0 (1)
ここで、式(1)中の元素記号には、対応する元素の含有量が質量%で代入される。対応する元素が含有されていない場合、その元素記号には「0」が代入される。
本実施形態による二相ステンレス鋼材のミクロ組織は、体積率で30.0~70.0%のフェライト及び残部がオーステナイトからなる。本明細書において、「フェライト及びオーステナイトからなる」とは、フェライト及びオーステナイト以外の相が無視できるほど少ないことを意味する。たとえば、本実施形態による二相ステンレス鋼材の化学組成においては、析出物や介在物の体積率は、フェライト及びオーステナイトの体積率と比較して、無視できるほど小さい。すなわち、本実施形態による二相ステンレスのミクロ組織には、フェライト及びオーステナイト以外に、析出物や介在物等を微小量含んでもよい。
本実施形態による二相ステンレス鋼材は、オーステナイト中において、長径50nm以下のCu析出物の個数密度が150~1500個/μm3である。上述のとおり、本明細書では、長径50nm以下のCu析出物を「微細Cu析出物」ともいう。なお、本明細書において、Cu析出物とは、Cu及び不純物からなる析出物を意味する。具体的に、本実施形態では、後述するエネルギー分散型X線分析法(Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry:以下、「EDS」ともいう)による元素分析において、Fe、Cr、Ni、Cu、Mn、Mo、及び、Siのうち、Cuが15.0質量%以上検出される析出物を、「Cu析出物」と定義する。
本実施形態による二相ステンレス鋼材の降伏強度は、586MPa以上である。本実施形態による二相ステンレス鋼材は、上述の化学組成を有し、さらに、式(1)を満たし、体積率で30.0~70.0%のフェライト及び残部がオーステナイトからなるミクロ組織を有し、かつ、オーステナイト中において、長径が50nm以下のCu析出物の個数密度が150~1500個/μm3である。その結果、本実施形態による二相ステンレス鋼材は、降伏強度が586MPa以上であっても、優れた低温靭性と、優れた耐孔食性とを有する。
本実施形態による二相ステンレス鋼材は、上述の化学組成を有し、さらに、式(1)を満たし、体積率で30.0~70.0%のフェライト及び残部がオーステナイトからなるミクロ組織を有し、かつ、オーステナイト中において、長径が50nm以下のCu析出物の個数密度が150~1500個/μm3である。その結果、本実施形態による二相ステンレス鋼材は、降伏強度が586MPa以上であっても、優れた低温靭性と優れた耐孔食性とを示す。本実施形態において、優れた低温靭性とは、以下のとおりに定義される。
本実施形態による二相ステンレス鋼材は、上述の化学組成を有し、さらに、式(1)を満たし、体積率で30.0~70.0%のフェライト及び残部がオーステナイトからなるミクロ組織を有し、かつ、オーステナイト中において、長径が50nm以下のCu析出物の個数密度が150~1500個/μm3である。その結果、本実施形態による二相ステンレス鋼材は、降伏強度が586MPa以上であっても、優れた低温靭性と、優れた耐孔食性とを有する。本実施形態において、優れた耐孔食性とは、以下のとおりに定義される。
上述のとおり、本実施形態による二相ステンレス鋼材の形状は、特に限定されない。好ましくは、本実施形態による二相ステンレス鋼材は、継目無鋼管である。本実施形態による二相ステンレス鋼材が継目無鋼管の場合、肉厚が5mm以上であっても、586MPa以上の降伏強度と、優れた低温靭性と、優れた耐孔食性とを有する。
上述の構成を有する本実施形態による二相ステンレス鋼材の製造方法の一例を説明する。なお、本実施形態による二相ステンレス鋼材の製造方法は、以下に説明する製造方法に限定されない。本実施形態の二相ステンレス鋼材の製造方法の一例は、素材準備工程と、熱間加工工程と、溶体化処理工程とを含む。以下、各製造工程について詳述する。
本実施形態による素材準備工程では、上述の化学組成を有する素材を準備する。素材は製造して準備してもよく、第三者から購入することにより準備してもよい。すなわち、素材を準備する方法は特に限定されない。
本実施形態による熱間加工工程では、上記準備工程で準備された素材を熱間加工して、中間鋼材を製造する。本明細書において中間鋼材とは、最終製品が鋼板の場合は板状の鋼材であり、最終製品が鋼管の場合は素管であり、最終製品が丸鋼の場合は軸方向に垂直な断面が円形状の棒状の鋼材であり、最終製品が線材の場合は線状の鋼材である。熱間加工は、熱間鍛造であってもよく、熱間押出であってもよく、熱間圧延であってもよい。熱間加工の方法は、特に限定されず、周知の方法でよい。
本実施形態による溶体化処理工程では、上記熱間加工工程で製造された中間鋼材に対して溶体化処理を実施して、二相ステンレス鋼材を製造する。溶体化処理とは、中間鋼材中の化合物を、固溶させる熱処理を意味する。すなわち、溶体化処理工程は、中間鋼材を所望の温度で熱処理する工程(熱処理工程)と、熱処理された中間鋼材を急冷する工程(急冷工程)とを含む。一方、本実施形態では、上述のとおり、微細Cu析出物をオーステナイト中に析出させることにより、鋼材の降伏強度を高める。そこで、本実施形態による溶体化処理工程では、熱処理工程と急冷工程との間に、中間鋼材の温度を維持する工程(維持工程)を含む。以下、各工程について詳述する。
本実施形態による熱処理工程では、上記熱間加工工程で製造された中間鋼材に対して、熱処理を実施する。具体的に、好ましくは、中間鋼材に対して、熱処理温度を960~1100℃、熱処理時間を5~180分間とする、熱処理を実施する。本明細書において、熱処理温度とは、溶体化処理を実施するための熱処理炉の温度(℃)を意味する。本明細書において、熱処理時間とは、溶体化処理を実施するための熱処理炉内に素材が装入されてから、取り出されるまでの時間を意味する。
本実施形態による維持工程では、上記熱処理工程で熱処理された中間鋼材を維持する。具体的に、好ましくは、中間鋼材を900~950℃の範囲内で20~180秒間維持する。本明細書において「中間鋼材の温度を維持する」とは、一定の温度に保持される場合に限定されない。たとえば、放冷以下の冷却速度(放冷、徐冷等)で中間鋼材を冷却して、中間鋼材の温度を900~950℃の範囲内としてもよい。たとえばさらに、補熱炉や高周波加熱炉を用いて中間鋼材を加熱して、中間鋼材の温度を900~950℃の範囲内としてもよい。すなわち、本実施形態による維持工程では、中間鋼材を一定の温度に保持してもよく、中間鋼材を放冷又は徐冷してもよく、中間鋼材を加熱してもよい。
本実施形態による急冷工程では、上記維持工程において温度が維持された中間鋼材を急冷し、二相ステンレス鋼材を製造する。急冷を開始する温度(急冷開始温度)は、上述の維持工程完了時の中間鋼材の温度である。急冷開始温度が低すぎれば、オーステナイト中に微細Cu析出物が多く析出しすぎる場合がある。この場合、鋼材の低温靭性が低下する。したがって、本実施形態による急冷工程では、上述の維持工程において中間鋼材を900~950℃で維持した後、速やかに急冷を実施するのが好ましい。
溶体化処理後の各試験番号の鋼材に対して、ミクロ組織観察と、微細Cu析出物個数密度測定試験と、引張試験と、シャルピー衝撃試験と、腐食試験とを実施した。
各試験番号の鋼材に対して、ASTM E562(2019)に準拠した上述の方法でミクロ組織観察を実施して、フェライト体積率(%)を求めた。まず、各試験番号の鋼材から、鋼材の圧延方向と垂直な断面を観察面として有する試験片を作製した。具体的には、鋼材の形状が鋼管の場合、肉厚中央部から試験片を作製した。鋼材の形状が鋼板の場合、板厚中央部から試験片を作製した。さらに、鋼材の形状が丸鋼の場合、R/2位置から試験片を作製した。作製された試験片を用いて、上述の方法でフェライト体積率を求めた。得られた各試験番号のフェライト体積率(%)を表2及び表3に示す。
各試験番号の鋼材に対して、オーステナイト中の微細Cu析出物の個数密度を求めた。オーステナイト中の微細Cu析出物の個数密度は、上述の方法を用いて求めた。まず、各試験番号の鋼材から、試験片を作製した。具体的には、鋼材の形状が鋼管の場合、肉厚中央部から、管軸方向5mm、管径方向5mmの観察面を有する試験片を作製した。鋼材の形状が鋼板の場合、板厚中央部から、板厚方向5mm、板幅方向5mmの観察面を有する試験片を作製した。鋼材の形状が丸鋼の場合、R/2位置から、軸方向5mm、径方向5mmの観察面を有する試験片を作製した。作製された試験片を用いて、上述の方法でオーステナイト中の微細Cu析出物の個数密度を求めた。得られた各試験番号のオーステナイト中の微細Cu析出物の個数密度(個/μm3)を「微細Cu析出物の個数密度(個/μm3)」として表2及び表3に示す。
各試験番号の鋼材に対して、ASTM E8/E8M(2021)に準拠した上述の方法で引張試験を実施して、降伏強度(MPa)を求めた。まず、各試験番号の鋼材から、引張試験用の試験片を作製した。具体的には、鋼材の形状が鋼管の場合、厚さは鋼管の肉厚と同じであって、幅25.4mm、標点距離50.8mmの円弧状試験片を作製した。鋼材の形状が鋼板の場合、板厚中央部から引張試験片を作製した。鋼材の形状が丸鋼の場合、R/2位置から引張試験片を作製した。引張試験片の大きさは、平行部直径6mm、標点距離24mmとした。なお、引張試験片及び円弧状試験片の長手方向は、鋼材の圧延方向と平行であった。作製された各試験番号の試験片に対して、ASTM E8/E8M(2021)に準拠して、引張試験を実施した。引張試験で得られた0.2%オフセット耐力を、降伏強度と定義した。得られた各試験番号の降伏強度(MPa)を「YS(MPa)」として表2及び表3に示す。
各試験番号の鋼材に対して、ASTM E23(2018)に準拠したシャルピー衝撃試験を実施して、低温靭性を評価した。まず、各試験番号の鋼材から、ASTM E23(2018)に準拠して、シャルピー衝撃試験用のVノッチ試験片を作製した。鋼材の形状が鋼管の場合、肉厚中央部から、肉厚方向及び管軸方向に平行なノッチ面を有するVノッチ試験片を作製した。鋼材の形状が鋼板の場合、板厚中央部から、板厚方向及び圧延方向に平行なノッチ面を有するVノッチ試験片を作製した。鋼材の形状が丸鋼の場合、R/2位置から、径方向及び軸方向に平行なノッチ面を有するVノッチ試験片を作製した。なお、Vノッチ試験片の長手方向は、鋼材の圧延方向と平行であった。
各試験番号の鋼材に対して、ASTM G48(2011) Method Eに準拠した上述の方法で腐食試験を実施して、耐孔食性を評価した。まず、各試験番号の鋼材から、腐食試験用の試験片を作製した。具体的には、鋼材の形状が鋼管の場合、肉厚中央部から試験片を作製した。鋼材の形状が鋼板の場合、板厚中央部から試験片を作製した。鋼材の形状が丸鋼の場合、R/2位置から試験片を作製した。なお、腐食試験用の試験片の大きさは、厚さ3mm、幅25mm、長さ50mmであり、試験片の長手方向は、鋼材の圧延方向と平行であった。
表1~表3を参照して、試験番号1~42の鋼材は、化学組成が適切であり、Fn1が30.0以上であった。さらに、製造方法も明細書に記載の好ましい製造方法であった。その結果、フェライトの体積率が30.0~70.0%となり、オーステナイト中の微細Cu析出物の個数密度が150~1500個/μm3となった。その結果、降伏強度が586MPa以上となり、CPTが15℃を超え、-10℃における単位面積あたりの吸収エネルギーが60.0J/cm2以上となった。すなわち、試験番号1~42の鋼材は、586MPa以上の降伏強度と、優れた低温靭性と、優れた耐孔食性とを有していた。
質量%で、
C:0.030%以下、
Si:0.20~1.00%、
Mn:0.50~7.00%、
P:0.040%以下、
S:0.020%以下、
Al:0.100%以下、
Ni:4.20~9.00%、
Cr:20.00~30.00%、
Mo:0.50~2.00%、
Cu:1.50~4.00%、
N:0.150~0.350%、
V:0.01~1.50%、及び、
残部がFe及び不純物からなり、式(1A)を満たし、
ミクロ組織が、体積率で30.0~70.0%のフェライト、及び、残部がオーステナイトからなり、
降伏強度が586MPa以上であり、
前記オーステナイト中において、長径50nm以下のCu析出物の個数密度が150~1500個/μm3である、
二相ステンレス鋼材。
Cr+3.3Mo+16N≧30.0 (1A)
ここで、式(1A)中の元素記号には、対応する元素の含有量が質量%で代入される。
質量%で、
C:0.030%以下、
Si:0.20~1.00%、
Mn:0.50~7.00%、
P:0.040%以下、
S:0.020%以下、
Al:0.100%以下、
Ni:4.20~9.00%、
Cr:20.00~30.00%、
Mo:0.50~2.00%、
Cu:1.50~4.00%、
N:0.150~0.350%、
V:0.01~1.50%、を含有し、さらに、
Nb:0.100%以下、
Ta:0.100%以下、
Ti:0.100%以下、
Zr:0.100%以下、
Hf:0.100%以下、
W:0.200%以下、
Co:0.500%以下、
Sn:0.100%以下、
Sb:0.100%以下、
Ca:0.020%以下、
Mg:0.020%以下、
B:0.020%以下、及び、
希土類元素:0.200%以下、からなる群から選択される1元素以上を含有し、
残部がFe及び不純物からなり、式(1B)を満たし、
ミクロ組織が、体積率で30.0~70.0%のフェライト、及び、残部がオーステナイトからなり、
降伏強度が586MPa以上であり、
前記オーステナイト中において、長径50nm以下のCu析出物の個数密度が150~1500個/μm3である、
二相ステンレス鋼材。
Cr+3.3(Mo+0.5W)+16N≧30.0 (1B)
ここで、式(1B)中の元素記号には、対応する元素の含有量が質量%で代入される。対応する元素が含有されていない場合、その元素記号には「0」が代入される。
[2]に記載の二相ステンレス鋼材であって、
Nb:0.100%以下、
Ta:0.100%以下、
Ti:0.100%以下、
Zr:0.100%以下、
Hf:0.100%以下、及び、
W:0.200%以下、からなる群から選択される1元素以上を含有する、
二相ステンレス鋼材。
[2]又は[3]に記載の二相ステンレス鋼材であって、
Co:0.500%以下、
Sn:0.100%以下、及び、
Sb:0.100%以下、からなる群から選択される1元素以上を含有する、
二相ステンレス鋼材。
[2]~[4]のいずれか1項に記載の二相ステンレス鋼材であって、
Ca:0.020%以下、
Mg:0.020%以下、
B:0.020%以下、及び、
希土類元素:0.200%以下、からなる群から選択される1元素以上を含有する、
二相ステンレス鋼材。
Claims (2)
- 質量%で、
C:0.030%以下、
Si:0.20~1.00%、
Mn:0.50~7.00%、
P:0.040%以下、
S:0.020%以下、
Al:0.100%以下、
Ni:4.20~9.00%、
Cr:20.00~30.00%、
Mo:0.50~2.00%、
Cu:1.50~4.00%、
N:0.150~0.350%、
V:0.01~1.50%、
Nb:0~0.100%、
Ta:0~0.100%、
Ti:0~0.100%、
Zr:0~0.100%、
Hf:0~0.100%、
W:0~0.200%、
Co:0~0.500%、
Sn:0~0.100%、
Sb:0~0.100%、
Ca:0~0.020%、
Mg:0~0.020%、
B:0~0.020%、
希土類元素:0~0.200%、及び、
残部がFe及び不純物からなり、式(1)を満たし、
ミクロ組織が、体積率で30.0~70.0%のフェライト、及び、残部がオーステナイトからなり、
降伏強度が586MPa以上であり、
前記オーステナイト中において、長径50nm以下のCu析出物の個数密度が150~1500個/μm3である、
二相ステンレス鋼材。
Cr+3.3(Mo+0.5W)+16N≧30.0 (1)
ここで、式(1)中の元素記号には、対応する元素の含有量が質量%で代入される。対応する元素が含有されていない場合、その元素記号には「0」が代入される。 - 請求項1に記載の二相ステンレス鋼材であって、
Nb:0.001~0.100%、
Ta:0.001~0.100%、
Ti:0.001~0.100%、
Zr:0.001~0.100%、
Hf:0.001~0.100%、
W:0.001~0.200%、
Co:0.001~0.500%、
Sn:0.001~0.100%、
Sb:0.001~0.100%、
Ca:0.001~0.020%、
Mg:0.001~0.020%、
B:0.001~0.020%、及び、
希土類元素:0.001~0.200%からなる群から選択される1元素以上を含有する、
二相ステンレス鋼材。
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| JP2022579862A JP7256435B1 (ja) | 2021-09-29 | 2022-09-27 | 二相ステンレス鋼材 |
| US18/691,958 US20250290184A1 (en) | 2021-09-29 | 2022-09-27 | Duplex stainless steel material |
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Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH05132741A (ja) | 1991-11-11 | 1993-05-28 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 耐食性に優れた高強度二相ステンレス鋼 |
| JPH09195003A (ja) | 1996-01-08 | 1997-07-29 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd | 二相ステンレス鋼 |
| JP2014043616A (ja) | 2012-08-27 | 2014-03-13 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal | 二相ステンレス鋼およびその製造方法 |
| JP2016003377A (ja) | 2014-06-18 | 2016-01-12 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 二相ステンレス鋼管 |
| JP2018193591A (ja) * | 2017-05-18 | 2018-12-06 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 二相ステンレス鋼材及びその製造方法 |
| WO2020218426A1 (ja) * | 2019-04-24 | 2020-10-29 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 二相ステンレス継目無鋼管、及び、二相ステンレス継目無鋼管の製造方法 |
| WO2021033672A1 (ja) * | 2019-08-19 | 2021-02-25 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 二相ステンレス鋼材 |
| JP2021167446A (ja) * | 2020-04-10 | 2021-10-21 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 二相ステンレス鋼材 |
| JP2021167445A (ja) * | 2020-04-10 | 2021-10-21 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 二相ステンレス鋼材 |
-
2022
- 2022-09-27 US US18/691,958 patent/US20250290184A1/en active Pending
- 2022-09-27 EP EP22876209.2A patent/EP4411006A1/en active Pending
- 2022-09-27 JP JP2022579862A patent/JP7256435B1/ja active Active
- 2022-09-27 WO PCT/JP2022/035897 patent/WO2023054343A1/ja not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH05132741A (ja) | 1991-11-11 | 1993-05-28 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 耐食性に優れた高強度二相ステンレス鋼 |
| JPH09195003A (ja) | 1996-01-08 | 1997-07-29 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd | 二相ステンレス鋼 |
| JP2014043616A (ja) | 2012-08-27 | 2014-03-13 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal | 二相ステンレス鋼およびその製造方法 |
| JP2016003377A (ja) | 2014-06-18 | 2016-01-12 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 二相ステンレス鋼管 |
| JP2018193591A (ja) * | 2017-05-18 | 2018-12-06 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 二相ステンレス鋼材及びその製造方法 |
| WO2020218426A1 (ja) * | 2019-04-24 | 2020-10-29 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 二相ステンレス継目無鋼管、及び、二相ステンレス継目無鋼管の製造方法 |
| WO2021033672A1 (ja) * | 2019-08-19 | 2021-02-25 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 二相ステンレス鋼材 |
| JP2021167446A (ja) * | 2020-04-10 | 2021-10-21 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 二相ステンレス鋼材 |
| JP2021167445A (ja) * | 2020-04-10 | 2021-10-21 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 二相ステンレス鋼材 |
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| EP4411006A1 (en) | 2024-08-07 |
| JPWO2023054343A1 (ja) | 2023-04-06 |
| US20250290184A1 (en) | 2025-09-18 |
| JP7256435B1 (ja) | 2023-04-12 |
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