WO2020218426A1 - 二相ステンレス継目無鋼管、及び、二相ステンレス継目無鋼管の製造方法 - Google Patents
二相ステンレス継目無鋼管、及び、二相ステンレス継目無鋼管の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
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- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/10—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies
- C21D8/105—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies of ferrous alloys
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- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to duplex stainless steel materials and their manufacturing methods, and more particularly to duplex stainless seamless steel pipes and their manufacturing methods.
- Oil wells and gas wells may have a corrosive environment containing corrosive gas.
- the corrosive gas means carbon dioxide gas and / or hydrogen sulfide gas. That is, the steel materials used in oil wells are required to have excellent corrosion resistance in a corrosive environment.
- a method for improving the corrosion resistance of a steel material a method of increasing the chromium (Cr) content and forming a passivation film mainly composed of Cr oxide on the surface of the steel material has been known. Therefore, in an environment where excellent corrosion resistance is required, a duplex stainless steel material having an increased Cr content may be used. Duplex stainless steels are known to exhibit excellent corrosion resistance, especially in seawater.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 3-291358
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-60597
- Patent Document 3 International Publication No. 2012/111536
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2016-3377
- Reference 4 proposes a technique for enhancing low temperature toughness of duplex stainless steel.
- the duplex stainless steel material disclosed in Patent Document 1 contains Cr: 20 to 30%, Ni: 3 to 12%, and Mo: 0.2 to 5.0% in weight%, and sol. Al: 0.01 to 0.05%, O: less than 0.0020%, and S: 0.0003% or less. Patent Document 1 describes that this duplex stainless steel material is excellent in toughness and hot workability.
- Patent Document 2 describes that this duplex stainless steel material has high strength and excellent toughness.
- the duplex stainless steel material disclosed in Patent Document 3 has C: 0.030% or less, Si: 0.20 to 1.00%, Mn: 8.00% or less, P: 0.040% in mass%.
- the duplex stainless steel pipe disclosed in Patent Document 4 has a mass% of C: 0.03% or less, Si: 0.2 to 1%, Mn: 0.5 to 2.0%, P: 0.040. % Or less, S: 0.010% or less, Al: 0.040% or less, Ni: 4 to less than 6%, Cr: 20 to less than 25%, Mo: 2.0 to 4.0%, N: 0. 1 to 0.35%, O: 0.003% or less, V: 0.05 to 1.5%, Ca: 0.0005 to 0.02%, and B: 0.0005 to 0.02%.
- the metal structure is composed of a two-phase structure of a ferrite phase and an austenite phase, and there is no precipitation of the sigma phase, and the metal structure has an area ratio.
- the proportion of the ferrite phase occupies 50% or less, and the number of oxides having a particle size of 30 ⁇ m or more existing in a 300 mm 2 field is 15 or less.
- Patent Document 4 describes that this duplex stainless steel pipe is excellent in strength, pitting corrosion resistance, and low temperature toughness.
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 3-291358 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 10-60597 International Publication No. 2012/111536 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2016-3377
- Patent Documents 1 to 4 disclose duplex stainless steel materials having excellent low temperature toughness.
- a duplex stainless steel seamless steel pipe having excellent low temperature toughness may be obtained by a technique other than the techniques disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 4.
- An object of the present disclosure is to provide a duplex stainless seamless steel pipe having excellent low temperature toughness and a method for manufacturing the duplex stainless seamless steel pipe.
- Duplex stainless steel seamless steel pipes By mass% C: 0.030% or less, Si: 0.20 to 1.00%, Mn: 0.50 to 7.00%, P: 0.040% or less, S: 0.0100% or less, Cu: 1.80-4.00%, Cr: 20.00 to 28.00%, Ni: 4.00-9.00%, Mo: 0.50 to 2.00%, Al: 0.100% or less, N: 0.150 to 0.350%, V: 0 to 1.50%, Nb: 0 to 0.100%, Ta: 0 to 0.100%, Ti: 0 to 0.100%, Zr: 0 to 0.100%, Hf: 0 to 0.100%, Ca: 0-0.0200%, Mg: 0-0.0200%, B: 0-0.0200%, Rare earth elements: 0 to 0.200% and The chemical composition of the balance consisting of Fe and impurities, It has a ferrite with a volume fraction of 30.0 to 70.0% and a microstructure in which the balance is austenite.
- L1 to L4 Four line segments extending in the L direction, arranged at equal intervals in the T direction of the observation visual field region and dividing the observation visual field region into five equal parts in the T direction, are defined as L1 to L4.
- the number of intersections NT which is the number of intersections between the line segments T1 to T4 and the ferrite interface, is 40.0 or more.
- the number of intersections NL which is the number of intersections between the line segments L1 to L4 and the ferrite interface, and the number of intersections NT satisfy the formula (1).
- the method for manufacturing a duplex stainless steel seamless pipe is as follows.
- a material preparation process that prepares a material with the above chemical composition,
- a drawing rolling step of stretching and rolling the raw pipe after the drilling and rolling step It includes a solution heat treatment step of holding the raw pipe after the stretching and rolling step at 950 to 1080 ° C. for 5 to 180 minutes.
- R A in formula (A) is defined by the formula (B).
- RA ⁇ 1- (cross-sectional area perpendicular to the pipe axis direction of the raw pipe after drilling and rolling / cross-sectional area perpendicular to the axial direction of the material before drilling and rolling) ⁇ ⁇ 100 (B)
- the duplex stainless seamless steel pipe according to the present disclosure has excellent low temperature toughness.
- the method for producing a duplex stainless steel seamless pipe according to the present disclosure can produce the duplex stainless steel seamless pipe described above.
- FIG. 1 shows the central portion of the thickness of a duplex stainless steel pipe having the same chemical composition as that of the duplex stainless steel pipe of the present embodiment but having a different microstructure, and the pipe shaft of the duplex stainless steel pipe.
- It is a schematic diagram of the microstructure in the cross section including the direction (L direction) and the pipe radial direction (T direction).
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a microstructure in a cross section including the L direction and the T direction in the central portion of the thickness of the duplex stainless steel seamless pipe of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram for explaining a method of calculating a layered index (LI: Layer Index) in the present embodiment.
- LI Layer Index
- the present inventors have investigated a method for enhancing low-temperature toughness of duplex stainless seamless steel pipes.
- the present inventors in terms of mass%, C: 0.030% or less, Si: 0.20 to 1.00%, Mn: 0.50 to 7.00%, P: 0.040% or less, S: 0.0100% or less, Cu: 1.80 to 4.00%, Cr: 20.00 to 28.00%, Ni: 4.00 to 9.00%, Mo: 0.50 to 2.00 %, Al: 0.100% or less, N: 0.150 to 0.350%, V: 0 to 1.50%, Nb: 0 to 0.100%, Ta: 0 to 0.100%, Ti: 0 to 0.100%, Zr: 0 to 0.100%, Hf: 0 to 0.100%, Ca: 0 to 0.0200%, Mg: 0 to 0.0200%, B: 0 to 0.0200 %, Rare earth element: 0 to 0.200%, and a two-phase stainless seamless steel pipe having a chemical composition in which the balance
- the present inventors investigated and examined a method for enhancing low-temperature toughness of duplex stainless seamless steel pipe having the above-mentioned chemical composition. Specifically, the present inventors focused on the microstructure of duplex stainless steel seamless steel pipe having the above-mentioned chemical composition.
- the microstructure of a two-phase stainless seamless steel pipe having the above-mentioned chemical composition is composed of ferrite and austenite.
- ferrite has a higher hardness than austenite. That is, ferrite is less tough than austenite. Therefore, if minute cracks occur in the duplex stainless steel seamless pipe at a low temperature, the cracks may propagate in the ferrite. If cracks propagate through the ferrite, brittle fracture occurs in the duplex stainless seamless steel pipe. That is, the present inventors have considered that in order to improve the low temperature toughness of the above-mentioned duplex stainless seamless steel pipe, it is sufficient to make it difficult for cracks to propagate in the ferrite.
- the present inventors first investigated and examined the relationship between the volume fraction of ferrite and austenite and the low temperature toughness. As a result, it was found that the low temperature toughness of the two-phase stainless seamless steel pipe can be enhanced by appropriately controlling the volume fractions of ferrite and austenite.
- the duplex stainless steel seamless pipe according to the present embodiment has a ferrite volume fraction of 30.0 to 70.0% in the microstructure.
- duplex stainless steel seamless pipe having the above-mentioned chemical composition and having a ferrite volume fraction of 30.0 to 70.0%, excellent low temperature toughness may not be obtained. Therefore, the present inventors then focused on the distribution state of ferrite and austenite. As described above, if a crack occurs in a duplex stainless steel seamless pipe, it may propagate in the ferrite. Therefore, even if the volume fraction of ferrite is 70.0% or less, if coarse ferrite is present, minute cracks may propagate in the coarse ferrite. As a result, duplex stainless seamless steel pipes may not have excellent low temperature toughness.
- duplex stainless steel seamless steel pipes which are expected to be used for oil well applications, are subjected to perforation rolling and stretch rolling in the manufacturing process. Due to perforation rolling, machining strain near the inner surface of duplex stainless seamless steel pipe tends to increase. Further, by stretching and rolling, the processing strain in the vicinity of the inner surface and the vicinity of the outer surface of the duplex stainless seamless steel pipe tends to increase. As a result, in duplex stainless seamless steel pipes, processing strain tends to be low in the central portion of the wall thickness. In this way, it is considered that coarse ferrite and coarse austenite are likely to be present in the central portion of the wall thickness of the two-phase stainless seamless steel pipe, which is expected to be used for oil well applications.
- the present inventors observed the microstructure of the central part of the wall thickness of the two-phase stainless seamless steel pipe, and investigated and examined in detail the relationship between the distribution state of ferrite and austenite and the low temperature toughness.
- the present inventors have the above-mentioned chemical composition and have a ferrite volume ratio of 30.0 to 70.0% in the central portion of the wall thickness of the duplex stainless steel seamless pipe in the pipe axial direction and the pipe radial direction. The cross section containing the above was observed, and the distribution state of ferrite and austenite was observed.
- FIG. 1 and 2 are schematic views showing an example of a microstructure in a cross section including the pipe axial direction and the pipe radial direction in the central portion of the thickness of a duplex stainless steel seamless steel pipe having the above-mentioned chemical composition. ..
- the left-right direction in the observation field area 50 of FIG. 1 corresponds to the tube axis direction
- the vertical direction in the observation field area 50 of FIG. 1 corresponds to the tube radial direction
- the left-right direction in the observation field area 50 of FIG. 2 corresponds to the tube axis direction
- the vertical direction in the observation field area 50 of FIG. 2 corresponds to the tube radial direction.
- the pipe axial direction of the duplex stainless seamless steel pipe is also referred to as "L direction”.
- the pipe radial direction of the duplex stainless seamless steel pipe is also referred to as "T direction".
- the observation field area 50 shown in the schematic diagram has a length in the L direction of 1.0 mm and a length in the T direction of 1.0 mm.
- the white region 10 is ferrite.
- the hatched region 20 is austenite.
- the volume fraction of ferrite 10 and the volume fraction of austenite 20 in the observation visual field region 50 of FIG. 1 are not so different from the volume fraction of ferrite 10 and the volume fraction of austenite 20 in the observation visual field region 50 of FIG.
- the distribution state of ferrite 10 and austenite 20 in the observation field area 50 of FIG. 1 is significantly different from the distribution state of ferrite 10 and austenite 20 in the observation field area 50 of FIG.
- ferrite 10 and austenite 20 each extend in random directions, forming a non-layered structure.
- both ferrite 10 and austenite 20 extend in the L direction, and ferrite 10 and austenite 20 are laminated in the T direction. That is, the microstructure shown in FIG. 2 is a layered structure of ferrite 10 and austenite 20.
- ferrite and austenite in the microstructure have the same volume fraction.
- the present inventors defined the layered index LI (Layer Index) as an index of the distribution state of ferrite and austenite in the microstructure by the following equation (1).
- (Layered index LI) (number of intersections in the T direction NT) / (number of intersections in the L direction NL) (1)
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram for explaining a method of calculating the layered index LI in the present embodiment.
- the observation field area 50 in FIG. 3 is a cross section including the L direction and the T direction at the central portion of the thickness of the duplex stainless steel seamless pipe, and the length of the side extending in the L direction is 1.0 mm and the side extending in the T direction. Is a square area with a length of 1.0 mm.
- ferrite 10 and austenite 20 are included in the observation field of view region 50.
- the interface between the ferrite 10 and the austenite 20 is defined as the "ferrite interface".
- the contrasts of ferrite 10 and austenite 20 are different in microscopic observation, those skilled in the art can easily identify them.
- the line segments T1 to T4 in FIG. 3 are line segments extending in the T direction, arranged at equal intervals in the L direction of the observation field area 50, and dividing the observation field area 50 into five equal parts in the L direction.
- the number of intersections (marked with " ⁇ " in FIG. 3) between the line segments T1 to T4 and the ferrite interface in the observation field of view 50 is defined as the number of intersections NT (pieces).
- the line segments L1 to L4 in FIG. 3 are line segments extending in the L direction, arranged at equal intervals in the T direction of the observation visual field region 50, and dividing the observation visual field region 50 into five equal parts in the T direction.
- the number of intersections (marked with " ⁇ " in FIG. 3) between the line segments L1 to L4 and the ferrite interface in the observation field area 50 is defined as the number of intersections NL (pieces).
- Table 1 shows the steel and ferrite volume ratios of test numbers 1, 16, 17, and 19 in the examples described later, the crossing number NT in the T direction, the crossing number NL in the L direction, and the layered index LI. And the absorbed energy E and the energy transition temperature vTE, which are indicators of low temperature toughness, are excerpted from Table 3 and described.
- test numbers 1, 16, 17, and 19 all used the same steel A. That is, the chemical compositions of test numbers 1, 16, 17, and 19 were the same. Further, referring to Table 1, the volume fractions of the ferrites of Test Nos. 1, 16, 17, and 19 were all 30.0 to 70.0%, which were about the same. On the other hand, referring to Table 1, test number 19 had a smaller number of intersection points NT in the T direction than test numbers 1, 16, and 17. That is, it is considered that a large amount of coarse ferrite was produced. As a result, the absorbed energy E was less than 120 J, and the energy transition temperature vTE exceeded -18.0 ° C. That is, Test No. 19, which had a small number of intersections in the T direction, did not show excellent low temperature toughness.
- test number 17 had a smaller layered index LI than test numbers 1 and 16. That is, in Test No. 17, it is considered that the non-layered structure represented by FIG. 1 was formed in the microstructure.
- the absorbed energy E was less than 120 J, and the energy transition temperature vTE exceeded -18.0 ° C. That is, Test No. 17, which had a small layered index LI, did not show excellent low temperature toughness.
- the two-phase stainless seamless steel pipe according to the present embodiment has the above-mentioned chemical composition, has a microstructure composed of ferrite having a volume ratio of 30.0 to 70.0% and austenite, and has a two-phase stainless steel.
- the number of intersections NT in the T direction is 40.0 or more
- the layered index LI is 2.0 or more.
- the gist of the duplex stainless seamless steel pipe according to this embodiment completed based on the above findings is as follows.
- [1] Duplex stainless seamless steel pipe By mass% C: 0.030% or less, Si: 0.20 to 1.00%, Mn: 0.50 to 7.00%, P: 0.040% or less, S: 0.0100% or less, Cu: 1.80-4.00%, Cr: 20.00 to 28.00%, Ni: 4.00-9.00%, Mo: 0.50 to 2.00%, Al: 0.100% or less, N: 0.150 to 0.350%, V: 0 to 1.50%, Nb: 0 to 0.100%, Ta: 0 to 0.100%, Ti: 0 to 0.100%, Zr: 0 to 0.100%, Hf: 0 to 0.100%, Ca: 0-0.0200%, Mg: 0-0.0200%, B: 0-0.0200%, Rare earth elements: 0 to 0.200% and The chemical composition of the balance consisting of Fe and impurities, It has a ferrite with a volume fraction of 30.0 to 70.0% and a microstructure in which the balance is austenite.
- L1 to L4 Four line segments extending in the L direction, arranged at equal intervals in the T direction of the observation visual field region and dividing the observation visual field region into five equal parts in the T direction, are defined as L1 to L4.
- the number of intersections NT which is the number of intersections between the line segments T1 to T4 and the ferrite interface, is 40.0 or more.
- the number of intersections NL which is the number of intersections between the line segments L1 to L4 and the ferrite interface, and the number of intersections NT satisfy the equation (1).
- Duplex stainless seamless steel pipe NT / NL ⁇ 2.0 (1)
- duplex stainless steel seamless pipe according to [1].
- the chemical composition is V: 0.01 to 1.50%, Nb: 0.001 to 0.100%, Ta: 0.001 to 0.100%, Ti: 0.001 to 0.100%, Zr: 0.001 to 0.100%, and Hf: Contains one or more elements selected from the group consisting of 0.001 to 0.100%.
- Duplex stainless seamless steel pipe is
- duplex stainless steel seamless pipe according to [1] or [2].
- the chemical composition is Ca: 0.0005-0.0200%, Mg: 0.0005-0.0200%, B: 0.0005-0.0200%, Rare earth element: Contains one or more elements selected from the group consisting of 0.005 to 0.200%.
- Duplex stainless seamless steel pipe is Ca: 0.0005-0.0200%, Mg: 0.0005-0.0200%, B: 0.0005-0.0200%, Rare earth element: Contains one or more elements selected from the group consisting of 0.005 to 0.200%.
- a method for manufacturing duplex stainless seamless steel pipes A material preparation step of preparing a material having the chemical composition according to any one of [1] to [3], and A heating step of heating the material after the material preparation step at a heating temperature of 1000 to 1280 ° C., and a heating step of heating the material at a heating temperature of TA ° C.
- a drawing rolling step of stretching and rolling the raw pipe after the drilling and rolling step It comprises a solution heat treatment step of holding the raw pipe after the stretching and rolling step at 950 to 1080 ° C. for 5 to 180 minutes. Manufacturing method for duplex stainless seamless steel pipe.
- R A in formula (A) is defined by the formula (B).
- RA ⁇ 1- (cross-sectional area perpendicular to the pipe axis direction of the raw pipe after drilling and rolling / cross-sectional area perpendicular to the axial direction of the material before drilling and rolling) ⁇ ⁇ 100 (B)
- duplex stainless seamless steel pipe according to the present embodiment will be described in detail.
- % about an element means mass% unless otherwise specified.
- C 0.030% or less Carbon (C) is inevitably contained. That is, the lower limit of the C content is more than 0%. C forms Cr carbides at the grain boundaries and enhances the corrosion sensitivity at the grain boundaries. As a result, the corrosion resistance of the steel material is lowered even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment. Therefore, the C content is 0.030% or less.
- the preferred upper limit of the C content is 0.028%, more preferably 0.025%.
- the C content is preferably as low as possible. However, an extreme reduction in C content significantly increases manufacturing costs. Therefore, when industrial production is taken into consideration, the preferable lower limit of the C content is 0.001%, and more preferably 0.005%.
- Si 0.20 to 1.00% Silicon (Si) deoxidizes steel. If the Si content is too low, the above effect cannot be sufficiently obtained even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment. On the other hand, if the Si content is too high, the low temperature toughness and hot workability of the steel material will decrease even if the content of other elements is within the range of this embodiment. Therefore, the Si content is 0.20 to 1.00%.
- the lower limit of the Si content is preferably 0.25%, more preferably 0.30%.
- the preferred upper limit of the Si content is 0.85%, more preferably 0.75%.
- Mn 0.50 to 7.00%
- Manganese (Mn) deoxidizes steel and desulfurizes steel. Mn further enhances the hot workability of the steel material. If the Mn content is too low, the above effect cannot be sufficiently obtained even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment. On the other hand, if the Mn content is too high, Mn segregates at the grain boundaries together with impurities such as P and S. In this case, even if the content of other elements is within the range of this embodiment, the corrosion resistance of the steel material in a high temperature environment is lowered. Therefore, the Mn content is 0.50 to 7.00%.
- the preferred lower limit of the Mn content is 0.75%, more preferably 1.00%.
- the preferred upper limit of the Mn content is 6.50%, more preferably 6.20%.
- Phosphorus (P) is an impurity. That is, the lower limit of the P content is more than 0%. P segregates at the grain boundaries and reduces the low temperature toughness of the steel material. Therefore, the P content is 0.040% or less.
- the preferred upper limit of the P content is 0.035%, more preferably 0.030%. It is preferable that the P content is as low as possible. However, an extreme reduction in P content significantly increases manufacturing costs. Therefore, when industrial production is taken into consideration, the preferable lower limit of the P content is 0.001%, and more preferably 0.003%.
- S 0.0100% or less Sulfur (S) is an impurity. That is, the lower limit of the S content is more than 0%. S segregates at the grain boundaries and lowers the low temperature toughness and hot workability of the steel material. Therefore, the S content is 0.0100% or less.
- the preferred upper limit of the S content is 0.0085%, more preferably 0.0065%. It is preferable that the S content is as low as possible. However, an extreme reduction in S content significantly increases manufacturing costs. Therefore, when industrial production is taken into consideration, the preferable lower limit of the S content is 0.0001%, more preferably 0.0003%.
- Cu 1.80-4.00% Copper (Cu) enhances the strength of steel materials by precipitation strengthening. Cu also enhances the corrosion resistance of steel materials in high temperature environments. If the Cu content is too low, the above effect cannot be sufficiently obtained even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment. On the other hand, if the Cu content is too high, the hot workability of the steel material is lowered even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment. Therefore, the Cu content is 1.80 to 4.00%.
- the lower limit of the Cu content is preferably 1.90%, more preferably 2.00%, still more preferably 2.20%, still more preferably 2.50%.
- the preferred upper limit of the Cu content is 3.90%, more preferably 3.75%, and even more preferably 3.50%.
- Chromium (Cr) enhances the corrosion resistance of steel materials in high temperature environments. Specifically, Cr forms a passivation film on the surface of the steel material as an oxide. As a result, the corrosion resistance of the steel material is increased. Cr is an element that further increases the volume fraction of ferrite in steel materials. By increasing the volume fraction of ferrite, the corrosion resistance of the steel material is stabilized. If the Cr content is too low, the above effect cannot be sufficiently obtained even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment. On the other hand, if the Cr content is too high, the hot workability of the steel material is lowered even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment. Therefore, the Cr content is 20.00 to 28.00%.
- the preferred lower limit of the Cr content is 20.50%, more preferably 21.00%, and even more preferably 21.50%.
- the preferred upper limit of the Cr content is 27.50%, more preferably 27.00%, and even more preferably 26.50%.
- Nickel (Ni) is an element that stabilizes austenite in steel materials. That is, Ni is an element necessary for obtaining a stable two-phase structure of ferrite and austenite. Ni also enhances the corrosion resistance of steel materials in high temperature environments. If the Ni content is too low, the above effect cannot be sufficiently obtained even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment. On the other hand, if the Ni content is too high, the volume fraction of austenite becomes too high and the strength of the steel material decreases even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment. Therefore, the Ni content is 4.00 to 9.00%.
- the preferable lower limit of the Ni content is 4.20%, more preferably 4.30%, still more preferably 4.40%, still more preferably 4.50%.
- the preferred upper limit of the Ni content is 8.50%, more preferably 8.00%, still more preferably 7.50%, still more preferably 7.00%, still more preferably 6.75. %.
- Mo 0.50 to 2.00% Molybdenum (Mo) enhances the corrosion resistance of steel materials in high temperature environments. If the Mo content is too low, the above effect cannot be sufficiently obtained even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment. On the other hand, if the Mo content is too high, the hot workability of the steel material is lowered even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment. Therefore, the Mo content is 0.50 to 2.00%.
- the preferred lower limit of the Mo content is 0.60%, more preferably 0.70%, and even more preferably 0.80%.
- the preferred upper limit of the Mo content is 1.85%, more preferably 1.50%.
- Al 0.100% or less
- Aluminum (Al) is inevitably contained. That is, the lower limit of the Al content is more than 0%. Al deoxidizes the steel. On the other hand, if the Al content is too high, coarse oxide-based inclusions are generated even if the other element content is within the range of the present embodiment, and the low temperature toughness of the steel material is lowered. Therefore, the Al content is 0.100% or less.
- the lower limit of the Al content is preferably 0.001%, more preferably 0.005%, and even more preferably 0.010%.
- the preferred upper limit of the Al content is 0.080%, more preferably 0.050%.
- the Al content referred to in the present specification is "acid-soluble Al", that is, sol. It means the content of Al.
- N 0.150 to 0.350%
- Nitrogen (N) is an element that stabilizes austenite in steel materials. That is, N is an element necessary for obtaining a stable two-phase structure of ferrite and austenite. N further enhances the corrosion resistance of the steel material. If the N content is too low, the above effect cannot be sufficiently obtained even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment. On the other hand, if the N content is too high, the low temperature toughness and hot workability of the steel material will decrease even if the content of other elements is within the range of this embodiment. Therefore, the N content is 0.150 to 0.350%.
- the preferable lower limit of the N content is 0.170%, more preferably 0.180%, and even more preferably 0.200%.
- the preferred upper limit of the N content is 0.340%, more preferably 0.330%.
- the rest of the chemical composition of the duplex stainless steel seamless pipe according to this embodiment consists of Fe and impurities.
- the impurities in the chemical composition are mixed from ore, scrap, or the manufacturing environment as a raw material when the duplex stainless steel seamless steel pipe is industrially manufactured, and are mixed according to the present embodiment.
- Duplex stainless steel means that is acceptable as long as it does not adversely affect the seamless steel pipe.
- the chemical composition of the duplex stainless steel seamless pipe described above may further contain one or more elements selected from the group consisting of V, Nb, Ta, Ti, Zr, and Hf instead of a part of Fe. Good. All of these elements are optional elements and increase the strength of the steel material.
- V Vanadium (V) is an optional element and may not be contained. That is, the V content may be 0%. When contained, V forms a carbonitride and increases the strength of the steel. If even a small amount of V is contained, the above effect can be obtained to some extent. However, if the V content is too high, the strength of the steel material becomes too high and the low temperature toughness of the steel material decreases even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment. Therefore, the V content is 0 to 1.50%.
- the preferable lower limit of the V content is more than 0%, more preferably 0.01%, still more preferably 0.03%, still more preferably 0.05%.
- the preferred upper limit of the V content is 1.20%, more preferably 1.00%.
- Niobium (Nb) is an optional element and may not be contained. That is, the Nb content may be 0%. When contained, Nb forms a carbonitride and increases the strength of the steel. If even a small amount of Nb is contained, the above effect can be obtained to some extent. However, if the Nb content is too high, the strength of the steel material becomes too high and the low temperature toughness of the steel material decreases even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment. Therefore, the Nb content is 0 to 0.100%.
- the preferable lower limit of the Nb content is more than 0%, more preferably 0.001%, still more preferably 0.002%, still more preferably 0.003%.
- the preferred upper limit of the Nb content is 0.080%, more preferably 0.070%.
- Tantalum (Ta) is an optional element and may not be contained. That is, the Ta content may be 0%. When contained, Ta forms a carbonitride and increases the strength of the steel. If even a small amount of Ta is contained, the above effect can be obtained to some extent. However, if the Ta content is too high, the strength of the steel material becomes too high and the low temperature toughness of the steel material decreases even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment. Therefore, the Ta content is 0 to 0.100%.
- the preferable lower limit of the Ta content is more than 0%, more preferably 0.001%, still more preferably 0.002%, still more preferably 0.003%.
- the preferred upper limit of the Ta content is 0.080%, more preferably 0.070%.
- Titanium (Ti) is an optional element and may not be contained. That is, the Ti content may be 0%. When contained, Ti forms a carbonitride and increases the strength of the steel. If even a small amount of Ti is contained, the above effect can be obtained to some extent. However, if the Ti content is too high, the strength of the steel material becomes too high and the low temperature toughness of the steel material decreases even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment. Therefore, the Ti content is 0 to 0.100%.
- the preferred lower limit of the Ti content is more than 0%, more preferably 0.001%, even more preferably 0.002%, still more preferably 0.003%.
- the preferred upper limit of the Ti content is 0.080%, more preferably 0.070%.
- Zr Zirconium
- Zr Zirconium
- the Zr content may be 0%.
- Zr forms a carbonitride and increases the strength of the steel. If even a small amount of Zr is contained, the above effect can be obtained to some extent. However, if the Zr content is too high, the strength of the steel material becomes too high and the low temperature toughness of the steel material decreases even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment. Therefore, the Zr content is 0 to 0.100%.
- the preferable lower limit of the Zr content is more than 0%, more preferably 0.001%, still more preferably 0.002%, still more preferably 0.003%.
- the preferred upper limit of the Zr content is 0.080%, more preferably 0.070%.
- Hf 0 to 0.100%
- Hafnium (Hf) is an optional element and may not be contained. That is, the Hf content may be 0%. When contained, Hf forms a carbonitride and increases the strength of the steel. If even a small amount of Hf is contained, the above effect can be obtained to some extent. However, if the Hf content is too high, the strength of the steel material becomes too high and the low temperature toughness of the steel material decreases even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment. Therefore, the Hf content is 0 to 0.100%.
- the preferable lower limit of the Hf content is more than 0%, more preferably 0.001%, still more preferably 0.002%, still more preferably 0.003%.
- the preferred upper limit of the Hf content is 0.080%, more preferably 0.070%.
- the chemical composition of the duplex stainless steel seamless pipe described above may further contain one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ca, Mg, B, and rare earth elements instead of a part of Fe. All of these elements are optional elements and enhance the hot workability of steel materials.
- Ca 0-0.0200% Calcium (Ca) is an optional element and may not be contained. That is, the Ca content may be 0%. When it is contained, Ca is rendered harmless by fixing S in the steel material as a sulfide, and the hot workability of the steel material is enhanced. If even a small amount of Ca is contained, the above effect can be obtained to some extent. However, if the Ca content is too high, even if the content of other elements is within the range of this embodiment, the oxide in the steel material becomes coarse and the low temperature toughness of the steel material decreases. Therefore, the Ca content is 0 to 0.0200%.
- the preferred lower limit of the Ca content is more than 0%, more preferably 0.0005%, and even more preferably 0.0010%.
- the preferred upper limit of the Ca content is 0.0180%, more preferably 0.0150%.
- Mg 0 to 0.0200%
- Magnesium (Mg) is an optional element and may not be contained. That is, the Mg content may be 0%.
- Mg is detoxified by fixing S in the steel material as a sulfide, and the hot workability of the steel material is improved. If even a small amount of Mg is contained, the above effect can be obtained to some extent. However, if the Mg content is too high, even if the content of other elements is within the range of this embodiment, the oxide in the steel material becomes coarse and the low temperature toughness of the steel material decreases. Therefore, the Mg content is 0 to 0.0200%.
- the preferable lower limit of the Mg content is more than 0%, more preferably 0.0005%, still more preferably 0.0010%, still more preferably 0.0020%, still more preferably 0.0030%. Is.
- the preferred upper limit of the Mg content is 0.0180%, more preferably 0.0150%.
- B 0 to 0.0200%
- Boron (B) is an optional element and may not be contained. That is, the B content may be 0%. When contained, B suppresses segregation of S into grain boundaries in the steel material and enhances the hot workability of the steel material. If B is contained even in a small amount, the above effect can be obtained to some extent. However, if the B content is too high, boron nitride (BN) is produced even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment, and the low temperature toughness of the steel material is lowered. Therefore, the B content is 0 to 0.0200%.
- the preferable lower limit of the B content is more than 0%, more preferably 0.0005%, further preferably 0.0010%, still more preferably 0.0020%, still more preferably 0.0030%. Is.
- the preferred upper limit of the B content is 0.0180%, more preferably 0.0150%.
- Rare earth element 0 to 0.200%
- Rare earth elements are optional elements and may not be contained. That is, the REM content may be 0%.
- REM detoxifies S in the steel material by fixing it as a sulfide, and enhances the hot workability of the steel material. If even a small amount of REM is contained, the above effect can be obtained to some extent. However, if the REM content is too high, even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment, the oxide in the steel material becomes coarse and the low temperature toughness of the steel material decreases. Therefore, the REM content is 0 to 0.200%.
- the preferred lower limit of the REM content is more than 0%, more preferably 0.005%, even more preferably 0.010%, even more preferably 0.020%, even more preferably 0.030%. Is.
- the preferred upper limit of the REM content is 0.180%, more preferably 0.150%.
- the REM in the present specification refers to scandium (Sc) having an atomic number of 21, lutetium (Y) having an atomic number of 39, and lanthanum (La) to having an atomic number of 71, which are lanthanoids. It means one or more elements selected from the group consisting of lutetium (Lu). Further, the REM content in the present specification means the total content of these elements.
- the microstructure of the two-phase stainless seamless steel pipe according to this embodiment is composed of ferrite and austenite.
- "consisting of ferrite and austenite” means that the phases other than ferrite and austenite are negligibly small.
- the volume fractions of precipitates and inclusions are negligibly small as compared with the volume fractions of ferrite and austenite. That is, the microstructure of the two-phase stainless steel according to the present embodiment may contain a minute amount of precipitates, inclusions and the like in addition to ferrite and austenite.
- the microstructure of the duplex stainless seamless steel pipe according to this embodiment further has a volume fraction of ferrite of 30.0 to 70.0%. If the volume fraction of ferrite is too low, the strength and / or corrosion resistance of the steel material may decrease. On the other hand, if the volume fraction of ferrite is too high, the low temperature toughness of the steel material decreases. If the volume fraction of ferrite is too high, the hot workability of the steel material may further decrease. Therefore, in the microstructure of the duplex stainless seamless steel pipe according to the present embodiment, the volume fraction of ferrite is 30.0 to 70.0%. The preferable lower limit of the volume fraction of ferrite is 31.0%, and more preferably 32.0%. The preferred upper limit of the volume fraction of ferrite is 68.0%, more preferably 65.0%.
- the volume fraction of ferrite in a duplex stainless seamless steel pipe can be obtained by the following method.
- a test piece for microstructure observation is prepared from the central portion of the thickness of the duplex stainless seamless steel pipe according to the present embodiment.
- the microstructure observation is carried out on the observation surface including the pipe axial direction (L direction) and the pipe radial direction (T direction) in the central portion of the thickness of the duplex stainless seamless steel pipe.
- the size of the test piece for microstructure observation is not particularly limited, and an observation surface of L direction: 5 mm ⁇ T direction: 5 mm may be obtained.
- a test piece is prepared so that the central position of the observation surface in the T direction substantially coincides with the central portion of the thickness of the duplex stainless seamless steel pipe.
- the observation surface of the prepared test piece is mirror-polished.
- the mirror-polished observation surface is electrolytically corroded in a 7% potassium hydroxide corrosive solution to reveal the structure.
- the observation surface on which the tissue appears is observed in 10 fields using an optical microscope.
- the area of the observation field of view is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 1.00 mm 2 (magnification 100 times).
- each field of view specify ferrite and austenite from the contrast.
- the method for obtaining the area ratio of ferrite and austenite is not particularly limited, and a well-known method may be used. For example, it can be obtained by image analysis.
- the arithmetic mean value of the area fraction of ferrite obtained in all fields of view is defined as the volume fraction (%) of ferrite.
- the two-phase stainless seamless steel pipe according to the present embodiment may contain precipitates, inclusions, etc. in addition to ferrite and austenite in the microstructure.
- the volume fractions of precipitates and inclusions are negligibly small as compared with the volume fractions of ferrite and austenite. Therefore, in the present specification, when calculating the total volume fraction of ferrite and austenite by the above method, the volume fraction of precipitates and inclusions is ignored.
- the microstructure of the two-phase stainless seamless steel pipe of the present embodiment further has a layered structure of ferrite and austenite, as shown in FIG.
- the layered structure in the microstructure of the duplex stainless steel seamless pipe according to the present embodiment can be observed by the following method.
- the test piece has an observation surface of L direction: 5 mm ⁇ T direction: 5 mm, and the center position of the observation surface in the T direction substantially coincides with the wall thickness center portion of the duplex stainless seamless steel pipe.
- the observation surface of the prepared test piece is mirror-polished.
- the mirror-polished observation surface is electrolytically corroded in a 7% potassium hydroxide corrosive solution to reveal the structure.
- the observation surface on which the tissue appears is observed in 10 fields using an optical microscope.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram for explaining a method of calculating a layered index (LI: Layer Index) in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of the microstructure of the duplex stainless steel pipe of the present embodiment, which is the central portion of the wall thickness and has a cross section including the L direction and the T direction.
- the length of the side extending in the L direction is 1.0 mm
- the length of the side extending in the T direction is 1.0 mm.
- a square region having a width of 1.0 mm is defined as an observation field region 50.
- ferrite 10 white region in the figure
- austenite 20 hatchched region in the figure
- line segments extending in the L direction, arranged at equal intervals in the T direction of the observation field area 50, and dividing the observation field area 50 into five equal parts in the T direction (tube radial direction) are defined as line segments L1 to L4. .. Then, the number of intersections (marked with " ⁇ " in FIG. 3) between the line segments L1 to L4 and the ferrite interface in the observation visual field region 50 is defined as the number of intersections NL (pieces).
- the microstructure of the duplex stainless seamless steel tube according to the present embodiment has a crossing number NT of 40.0 or more and a layered index LI defined by the equation (1) of 2 in the above-mentioned observation field area 50. It has a layered structure that satisfies .0 or more.
- Layered index (LI: Layer Index) NT / NL (1)
- the layered index LI means the degree of development of the layered tissue.
- a duplex stainless steel seamless pipe having the above-mentioned chemical composition and having a ferrite volume ratio of 30.0 to 70.0% when the layered index LI is 2.0 or more, a fully developed layered structure is obtained. Has been done.
- duplex stainless seamless steel pipes exhibit excellent low temperature toughness. More specifically, for example, when the duplex stainless steel seamless pipe of the present embodiment is applied to an oil well application, cracks are likely to propagate in the pipe radial direction. If the duplex stainless steel seamless pipe of the present embodiment has a layered structure having a crossing number NT of 40.0 or more and a layered index LI of 2.0 or more at the central portion of the wall thickness, it is assumed to be fine.
- the duplex stainless seamless steel pipe according to the present embodiment has excellent low temperature toughness.
- the preferable lower limit of the number of intersections NT in the T direction is 45.0, more preferably 50.0, and even more preferably 60.0.
- the upper limit of the number of intersections NT is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 150.0.
- the preferred lower limit of the layered index LI is 2.1, more preferably 2.2, still more preferably 2.4, even more preferably 2.5, still more preferably 2.7.
- the upper limit of the layered index is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 10.0.
- the crossing number NT of the duplex stainless steel seamless pipe of the present embodiment is the crossing number obtained in each of 10 arbitrary observation field areas on the observation surface of the test piece collected by the above method. It means the average value of the score NT.
- the layered index LI of the duplex stainless steel seamless pipe of the present embodiment is the layered index LI obtained in each of the observation field areas of any 10 points on the observation surface of the test piece collected by the above method. It means the average value.
- the yield strength of the duplex stainless steel seamless pipe according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited. However, if the yield strength exceeds 655 MPa, the low temperature toughness of the steel material may decrease. Therefore, the yield strength of the duplex stainless steel seamless pipe according to the present embodiment is preferably 655 MPa or less. The lower limit of the yield strength is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 448 MPa.
- the volume fraction of ferrite is 30.0 to 70.0%
- the number of intersections NT in the T direction is 40.0 or more
- the layered index LI is 2.0 or more.
- the yield strength is, for example, 448 to 655 MPa (65 to 95 ksi).
- the preferred lower limit of the yield strength is 450 MPa, more preferably 460 MPa.
- a more preferable upper limit of the yield strength is 650 MPa, more preferably 640 MPa.
- a tensile test is performed by a method conforming to ASTM E8 / E8M (2013).
- a round bar test piece is produced from the central portion of the thickness of the seamless steel pipe according to the present embodiment.
- the size of the round bar test piece is, for example, a parallel portion diameter of 8.9 mm and a parallel portion length of 35.6 mm.
- the axial direction of the round bar test piece is parallel to the axial direction of the seamless steel pipe.
- a tensile test is carried out in the air at room temperature (25 ° C.) using the prepared round bar test piece.
- the 0.2% offset proof stress obtained in the tensile test carried out under the above conditions is defined as the yield strength (MPa).
- the maximum stress during uniform elongation obtained in the tensile test is defined as the tensile strength (MPa).
- the duplex stainless steel seamless steel pipe according to the present embodiment has excellent low temperature toughness as a result of having the above-mentioned chemical composition and the above-mentioned microstructure.
- excellent low temperature toughness is defined as follows.
- a Charpy impact test based on ASTM E23 (2016) is carried out on a two-phase stainless seamless steel pipe according to the present embodiment to evaluate low temperature toughness.
- a V-notch test piece is produced from the central portion of the thickness of the seamless steel pipe according to the present embodiment.
- the V-notch test piece is manufactured in accordance with API 5CRA (2010).
- a Charpy impact test based on ASTM E23 (2016) was performed on a V-notch test piece manufactured in accordance with API 5CRA (2010), and the absorbed energy E (J) at ⁇ 10 ° C. and the energy transition temperature were obtained. Find vTE (° C). In the present embodiment, when the absorbed energy E at ⁇ 10 ° C.
- the energy transition temperature vTE is ⁇ 18.0 ° C. or lower, it is judged to have excellent low temperature toughness.
- the lower limit of the absorbed energy E at ⁇ 10 ° C. is 125 J, more preferably 130 J.
- the more preferable upper limit of the energy transition temperature vTE is ⁇ 18.5 ° C., and further preferably ⁇ 19.0 ° C.
- An example of a method for manufacturing a duplex stainless steel seamless pipe according to the present embodiment having the above configuration will be described.
- the method for manufacturing a duplex stainless steel seamless pipe according to the present embodiment is not limited to the manufacturing method described below.
- An example of a method for manufacturing a duplex stainless steel seamless pipe of the present embodiment includes a material preparation step, a hot working step, and a solution heat treatment step. Hereinafter, each manufacturing process will be described in detail.
- a material having the above-mentioned chemical composition is prepared.
- the material may be manufactured and prepared, or may be prepared by purchasing from a third party. That is, the method of preparing the material is not particularly limited. It is preferable that the material is a billet having a circular cross section (that is, a round billet) in order to carry out drilling and rolling described later. When the material is a round billet, the size of the round billet is not particularly limited.
- a molten steel having the above-mentioned chemical composition is produced.
- a slab (slab, bloom, or billet) is produced by a continuous casting method using molten steel.
- a steel ingot may be produced by an ingot method using molten steel. If desired, slabs, blooms or ingots may be block-rolled to produce billets. The material is manufactured by the above process.
- the hot working step a hollow raw pipe (seamless steel pipe) is manufactured from a material having the above-mentioned chemical composition by hot working.
- the hot working step includes a heating step, a drilling rolling step, and a drawing rolling step.
- each step will be described in detail.
- the material prepared by the above material preparation step is heated at a heating temperature T A ° C. of 1000 ⁇ 1280 ° C.
- the heating method is, for example, a method in which the material is charged into a heating furnace and heated.
- the heating temperature T A in the heating step corresponds to a furnace temperature of the heating furnace for heating the material (° C.).
- the time for holding the prepared material at T A ° C. is not particularly limited, for example, 1.0-10.0 hours.
- the microstructure which may ferrite and / or austenite becomes coarse.
- the number of intersections NT in the T direction may be less than 40.0.
- the layered index LI may be less than 2.0.
- the heating temperature T A is set to 1000 ⁇ 1280 ° C..
- a preferable lower limit of the heating temperature T A is 1050 ° C., more preferably 1100 ° C..
- the preferred upper limit of the heating temperature T A is 1250 ° C., more preferably 1200 ° C..
- a hollow raw pipe is manufactured from a solid material using a drilling machine.
- the drilling machine comprises a pair of tilt rolls and a plug.
- a pair of tilt rolls are arranged around the pass line.
- the plug is located between a pair of tilted rolls and on the path line.
- the pass line means a line through which the central axis of the material passes during drilling and rolling.
- the inclined roll is not particularly limited, and may be a barrel type, a cone type, or a disc type.
- the “raw pipe after drilling and rolling” in the formula (B) means a raw pipe after the drilling and rolling is completed.
- the “material before drilling and rolling” in the formula (B) means a material before drilling and rolling.
- the cross-section reduction rate RA % means the cross-section reduction rate when the material is made into a raw pipe by drilling and rolling.
- draw rolling is performed as hot rolling in addition to drilling rolling.
- draw rolling hardly contributes to the processing strain in the central portion of the thickness of the raw pipe. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the cross-sectional area that changes due to drilling and rolling is used to define the cross-sectional reduction rate as RA %.
- Fn1 -0.000200 defined as ⁇ T A 2 + 0.513 ⁇ T A -297.
- a layered structure having a crossing number NT of 40.0 or more in the T direction and a layered index LI of 2.0 or more is obtained in the central portion of the thickness of a duplex stainless steel seamless steel pipe having the above-mentioned chemical composition.
- the heating temperature T a in the above heating step (° C.), it is important relationship between the reduction of area R a (%) in the piercing and rolling process.
- the perforation rolling step by performing perforation rolling at an appropriate cross-section reduction rate of Fn1 or more, sufficient machining strain can be obtained even in the central portion of the thickness of the seamless steel pipe.
- the microstructure having a crossing number NT of 40.0 or more in the T direction and a layered index LI of 2.0 or more in the central portion of the wall thickness Is obtained.
- the cross-section reduction rate RA by drilling and rolling is Fn1 or more.
- the layered structure is sufficiently developed in the produced duplex stainless seamless steel pipe on the premise that the above-mentioned chemical composition and the conditions of each step described later are satisfied. ..
- a layered structure having a crossing number NT of 40.0 or more in the T direction and a layered index LI of 2.0 or more can be obtained.
- the upper limit of the cross-sectional reduction rate RA is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 80%.
- the raw pipe produced by the above-mentioned drilling and rolling step is stretch-rolled.
- Stretch rolling may be performed by a well-known method and is not particularly limited.
- the draw rolling may be carried out by the mandrel mill method or the plug mill method.
- stretch rolling is carried out by the mandrel mill method, for example, hot rolling by a mandrel mill is carried out on a raw pipe that has been perforated and rolled.
- the draw rolling is carried out by the plug mill method, for example, hot rolling by an elongator mill and then hot rolling by a plug mill are carried out on the perforated raw pipe.
- the draw rolling may use an Assel mill, a Pilger mill, or a Scoop mill.
- a well-known method can be used for stretching and rolling.
- a mandrel bar is inserted into the hollow portion of the perforated and rolled raw pipe.
- the raw pipe into which the mandrel bar is inserted is advanced on the pass line of the mandrel mill to perform hot rolling.
- the mandrel bar is pulled out from the raw pipe hot-rolled by the mandrel mill.
- the cross-sectional reduction rate of the raw pipe in the stretching and rolling step of the present embodiment is not particularly limited.
- the draw rolling in the draw rolling step does not contribute so much to the processing strain of the central portion of the thickness of the raw pipe. Therefore, the cross-section reduction rate in the draw-rolling step is different from the cross-section reduction rate RA in the drilling-rolling step described above in the degree of its effect.
- the cross-sectional reduction rate in the draw-rolling step is, for example, 10 to 70%.
- the hot working process is carried out by the above method.
- the hot working step may include steps other than the heating step, the drilling and rolling step, and the draw rolling step.
- a constant diameter rolling may be performed on a stretch-rolled raw pipe.
- the outer diameter of the raw pipe is adjusted by a well-known constant diameter rolling mill.
- the constant diameter rolling mill is, for example, a sizer and a stretch reducer.
- hot forging may be further performed.
- the heated material may be hot forged to form a desired shape and then drilled and rolled.
- hot forging is performed using a well-known hot forging machine to adjust the dimensions of the material.
- the raw pipe after the stretching and rolling step is held at 950 to 1080 ° C. for 5 to 180 minutes.
- the temperature at which the solution heat treatment is carried out means the furnace temperature (° C.) of the heat treatment furnace for carrying out the solution heat treatment.
- the time for performing the solution heat treatment means the time for which the raw tube is held at the heat treatment temperature (° C.).
- the heat treatment temperature is set to 950 to 1080 ° C.
- the preferable lower limit of the heat treatment temperature is 960 ° C.
- the preferred upper limit of the heat treatment temperature is 1070 ° C.
- the heat treatment time is set to 5 to 180 minutes.
- the solution heat treatment may be carried out on a material that has been once cooled to room temperature after hot working.
- the solution heat treatment may be further carried out continuously on the material after hot working.
- a duplex stainless steel seamless steel pipe according to the present embodiment can be manufactured.
- the duplex stainless seamless steel pipe manufactured by the above-mentioned manufacturing method has a ferrite volume fraction of 30.0 to 70.0% and a crossing number NT of 40.0 or more in the T direction at the central portion of the wall thickness. Further, it has a microstructure having a layered index LI of 2.0 or more. Therefore, the duplex stainless seamless steel pipe manufactured by the above-mentioned manufacturing method has excellent low temperature toughness.
- the above-mentioned method for manufacturing a duplex stainless steel seamless pipe is an example for manufacturing a duplex stainless steel seamless pipe according to the present embodiment. That is, the duplex stainless steel seamless pipe according to the present embodiment may be manufactured by a manufacturing method other than the above-mentioned manufacturing method. In short, in the central portion of the wall thickness of the seamless steel pipe, the volume ratio of ferrite is 30.0 to 70.0%, the number of intersections NT in the T direction is 40.0 or more, and the layered index LI is 2.
- a duplex stainless steel seamless steel tube may be manufactured by a manufacturing method other than the above-mentioned manufacturing method as long as it has a microstructure of .0 or more.
- the molten steel having the chemical composition shown in Table 2 was melted using a 50 kg vacuum melting furnace to produce an ingot by the ingot forming method.
- "-" in Table 2 means that the content of the corresponding element was the impurity level.
- the obtained ingot was hot forged to produce a billet (round billet) having a circular cross section.
- the round billet of each test number was heated for 180 minutes at a heating temperature T A shown in Table 3 (° C.).
- the heating temperature T A (° C.) corresponds to a furnace temperature of the heating furnace used for heating (° C.).
- the round billets of each test number after heating are perforated and rolled at the cross-section reduction rate RA (%) shown in Table 3, and then stretch-rolled, and the raw pipes having the shapes shown in Table 3 are subjected to drawing rolling. Manufactured.
- a in the “Shape” column of Table 3 means a seamless steel pipe shape having an outer diameter of 114.3 mm and a wall thickness of 7.3 mm.
- B in the “shape” column of Table 3 means a seamless steel pipe shape having an outer diameter of 159 mm and a wall thickness of 22.12 mm.
- C in the “Shape” column of Table 3 means a seamless steel pipe shape having an outer diameter of 130 mm and a wall thickness of 17.76 mm.
- D in the “shape” column of Table 3 means a seamless steel pipe shape having an outer diameter of 139.7 mm and a wall thickness of 9.17 mm.
- E in the “Shape” column of Table 3 means a seamless steel pipe shape having an outer diameter of 177.8 mm and a wall thickness of 10.36 mm.
- Solution heat treatment was performed on the raw pipes of each test number processed into the shapes shown in Table 3 by drilling rolling and stretching rolling.
- the heat treatment temperature (° C.) of the solution heat treatment for the raw pipe of each test number was as shown in Table 3.
- the heat treatment time of the solution heat treatment for the raw pipes of each test number was 15 minutes.
- the heat treatment temperature corresponded to the furnace temperature (° C.) of the heat treatment furnace used for the solution heat treatment.
- the heat treatment time corresponded to the time for which the raw tube was maintained at the heat treatment temperature.
- Microstructure observation was carried out for the seamless steel pipes of each test number. Specifically, a test piece for microstructure observation was prepared from the central portion of the wall thickness of the seamless steel pipe of each test number.
- the test piece includes an observation surface of 5 mm in the pipe axial direction (L direction) and 5 mm in the pipe radial direction (T direction) of the seamless steel pipe of each test number, and the central part of the observation surface is a seamless steel pipe. It was almost the same as the central part of the wall thickness.
- the observation surface of the test piece of each test number was polished to a mirror surface.
- the mirror-polished observation surface was electrolytically corroded in a 7% potassium hydroxide corrosive solution to reveal the structure.
- the observation surface on which the tissue appeared was observed in 10 fields using an optical microscope.
- the area of each field of view was 1.00 mm 2 (1.0 mm ⁇ 1.0 mm), and the magnification was 200 times.
- line segments T1 to T4 extending in the T direction were further arranged at equal intervals in the L direction of each field of view, and each field of view was divided into five equal parts in the L direction.
- line segments L1 to L4 extending in the L direction were further arranged at equal intervals in the T direction of each field of view, and each field of view was divided into five equal parts in the T direction.
- the number of intersections between the line segments T1 to T4 and the ferrite interface was counted, and the number of intersections in the T direction was NT (pieces).
- the arithmetic mean value of the number of intersections NT in the T direction in 10 fields of view was defined as the number of intersections NT (pieces) in the T direction in the seamless steel pipe of the test number.
- the arithmetic mean value of the crossing number NL in the L direction in 10 visual fields was defined as the crossing number NL (pieces) in the L direction in the seamless steel pipe of the test number.
- the arithmetic mean value of the layered index LI in 10 fields of view was taken as the layered index LI in the seamless steel pipe of the test number.
- the number of intersections NT (pieces) in the T direction is “NT (pieces)”
- the number of intersection points NL (pieces) in the L direction is “NL (pieces)”
- the layered index LI is "".
- Table 3 shows the yield strength (MPa) as “YS (MPa)” and the tensile strength (MPa) as “TS (MPa)” for the seamless steel pipes of each test number.
- the yield strength of the seamless steel pipe of each test number was in the range of 448 to 655 MPa.
- a Charpy impact test conforming to ASTM E23 (2016) was carried out on the two-phase stainless seamless steel pipes of each test number. Specifically, a V-notch test piece was prepared in accordance with API 5CRA (2010) from the central portion of the thickness of the seamless steel pipe of each test number. The Charpy impact test was performed on the V-notch test pieces of each test number prepared in accordance with API 5CRA (2010) in accordance with ASTM E23 (2016) to determine the absorbed energy E (J). ..
- the Charpy impact test was further performed on the V-notch test pieces of each test number prepared in accordance with API 5CRA (2010) in accordance with ASTM E23 (2016) to determine the energy transition temperature (° C.). It was. More specifically, for the test pieces of each test number prepared in accordance with API 5CRA (2010), a Charpy impact test in accordance with ASTM E23 (2016) at intervals of 20 ° C from -10 to -70 ° C. was carried out to determine the energy transition temperature vTE (° C.) of each test number. Table 3 shows the energy transition temperature vTE (° C.) of each test number obtained for the seamless steel pipe of each test number.
- the chemical composition of duplex stainless steel seamless pipes of test numbers 1 to 16 was appropriate.
- the manufacturing conditions were appropriate. Therefore, the volume fraction of ferrite was 30.0 to 70.0%.
- the number of intersections NT was 40.0 or more, and the layered index LI was 2.0 or more. That is, the seamless steel pipes of test numbers 1 to 16 had a fine microstructure and had a sufficient layered structure.
- the absorbed energy E at ⁇ 10 ° C. was 120 J or more, and the energy transition temperature vTE was ⁇ 18.0 ° C. or lower. That is, the seamless steel pipes of test numbers 1 to 16 had excellent low temperature toughness.
- test number 21 the heat treatment temperature in the solution heat treatment step was too high. Therefore, the volume fraction of ferrite exceeded 70.0%. As a result, the absorbed energy E at ⁇ 10 ° C. was less than 120 J, and the energy transition temperature vTE exceeded ⁇ 18.0 ° C. That is, the seamless steel pipe of test number 21 did not have excellent low temperature toughness.
- duplex stainless seamless steel pipe according to the present disclosure is widely applicable to low temperature environments where low temperature toughness is required.
- Duplex stainless seamless steel pipes according to the present disclosure are particularly suitable for oil well applications.
- Duplex stainless seamless steel pipes for oil well applications are, for example, line pipes, casings, tubing and drill pipes.
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Abstract
Description
質量%で、
C:0.030%以下、
Si:0.20~1.00%、
Mn:0.50~7.00%、
P:0.040%以下、
S:0.0100%以下、
Cu:1.80~4.00%、
Cr:20.00~28.00%、
Ni:4.00~9.00%、
Mo:0.50~2.00%、
Al:0.100%以下、
N:0.150~0.350%、
V:0~1.50%、
Nb:0~0.100%、
Ta:0~0.100%、
Ti:0~0.100%、
Zr:0~0.100%、
Hf:0~0.100%、
Ca:0~0.0200%、
Mg:0~0.0200%、
B:0~0.0200%、
希土類元素:0~0.200%、及び、
残部がFe及び不純物からなる化学組成と、
体積率で30.0~70.0%のフェライト、及び、残部がオーステナイトからなるミクロ組織とを有し、
前記二相ステンレス継目無鋼管の管軸方向をL方向、前記二相ステンレス継目無鋼管の管径方向をT方向と定義したとき、
前記二相ステンレス継目無鋼管の肉厚中央部を含み、前記L方向に延びる辺の長さが1.0mmであり、前記T方向に延びる辺の長さが1.0mmである正方形の観察視野領域において、
前記T方向に延びる線分であって、前記観察視野領域の前記L方向に等間隔に配列され、前記観察視野領域を前記L方向に5等分する4つの線分をT1~T4と定義し、
前記L方向に延びる線分であって、前記観察視野領域の前記T方向に等間隔に配列され、前記観察視野領域を前記T方向に5等分する4つの線分をL1~L4と定義し、
前記観察視野領域における前記フェライトと前記オーステナイトとの界面をフェライト界面と定義したとき、
前記線分T1~T4と前記フェライト界面との交点の数である交点数NTが40.0個以上であり、
前記線分L1~L4と前記フェライト界面との交点の数である交点数NLと、前記交点数NTとが、式(1)を満たす。
NT/NL≧2.0 (1)
上記化学組成を有する素材を準備する、素材準備工程と、
前記素材準備工程後の前記素材を、1000~1280℃の加熱温度TA℃で加熱する、加熱工程と、
前記加熱工程後の前記素材を、式(A)を満たす断面減少率RA%で穿孔圧延して、素管を製造する、穿孔圧延工程と、
前記穿孔圧延工程後の前記素管を、延伸圧延する、延伸圧延工程と、
前記延伸圧延工程後の前記素管を、950~1080℃で5~180分間保持する、溶体化熱処理工程とを備える。
RA≧-0.000200×TA 2+0.513×TA-297 (A)
ここで、式(A)中のRAは、式(B)で定義される。
RA={1-(穿孔圧延後の前記素管の管軸方向に垂直な断面積/穿孔圧延前の前記素材の軸方向に垂直な断面積)}×100 (B)
(層状指数LI)=(T方向の交点数NT)/(L方向の交点数NL) (1)
二相ステンレス継目無鋼管であって、
質量%で、
C:0.030%以下、
Si:0.20~1.00%、
Mn:0.50~7.00%、
P:0.040%以下、
S:0.0100%以下、
Cu:1.80~4.00%、
Cr:20.00~28.00%、
Ni:4.00~9.00%、
Mo:0.50~2.00%、
Al:0.100%以下、
N:0.150~0.350%、
V:0~1.50%、
Nb:0~0.100%、
Ta:0~0.100%、
Ti:0~0.100%、
Zr:0~0.100%、
Hf:0~0.100%、
Ca:0~0.0200%、
Mg:0~0.0200%、
B:0~0.0200%、
希土類元素:0~0.200%、及び、
残部がFe及び不純物からなる化学組成と、
体積率で30.0~70.0%のフェライト、及び、残部がオーステナイトからなるミクロ組織とを有し、
前記二相ステンレス継目無鋼管の管軸方向をL方向、前記二相ステンレス継目無鋼管の管径方向をT方向と定義したとき、
前記二相ステンレス継目無鋼管の肉厚中央部を含み、前記L方向に延びる辺の長さが1.0mmであり、前記T方向に延びる辺の長さが1.0mmである正方形の観察視野領域において、
前記T方向に延びる線分であって、前記観察視野領域の前記L方向に等間隔に配列され、前記観察視野領域を前記L方向に5等分する4つの線分をT1~T4と定義し、
前記L方向に延びる線分であって、前記観察視野領域の前記T方向に等間隔に配列され、前記観察視野領域を前記T方向に5等分する4つの線分をL1~L4と定義し、
前記観察視野領域における前記フェライトと前記オーステナイトとの界面をフェライト界面と定義したとき、
前記線分T1~T4と前記フェライト界面との交点の数である交点数NTが40.0個以上であり、
前記線分L1~L4と前記フェライト界面との交点の数である交点数NLと、前記交点数NTとが、式(1)を満たす、
二相ステンレス継目無鋼管。
NT/NL≧2.0 (1)
[1]に記載の二相ステンレス継目無鋼管であって、
前記化学組成は、
V:0.01~1.50%、
Nb:0.001~0.100%、
Ta:0.001~0.100%、
Ti:0.001~0.100%、
Zr:0.001~0.100%、及び、
Hf:0.001~0.100%からなる群から選択される1元素以上を含有する、
二相ステンレス継目無鋼管。
[1]又は[2]に記載の二相ステンレス継目無鋼管であって、
前記化学組成は、
Ca:0.0005~0.0200%、
Mg:0.0005~0.0200%、
B:0.0005~0.0200%、
希土類元素:0.005~0.200%からなる群から選択される1元素以上を含有する、
二相ステンレス継目無鋼管。
二相ステンレス継目無鋼管の製造方法であって、
[1]~[3]のいずれか1項に記載の化学組成を有する素材を準備する、素材準備工程と、
前記素材準備工程後の前記素材を、1000~1280℃の加熱温度TA℃で加熱する、加熱工程と、
前記加熱工程後の前記素材を、式(A)を満たす断面減少率RA%で穿孔圧延して、素管を製造する、穿孔圧延工程と、
前記穿孔圧延工程後の前記素管を、延伸圧延する、延伸圧延工程と、
前記延伸圧延工程後の前記素管を、950~1080℃で5~180分間保持する、溶体化熱処理工程とを備える、
二相ステンレス継目無鋼管の製造方法。
RA≧-0.000200×TA 2+0.513×TA-297 (A)
ここで、式(A)中のRAは、式(B)で定義される。
RA={1-(穿孔圧延後の前記素管の管軸方向に垂直な断面積/穿孔圧延前の前記素材の軸方向に垂直な断面積)}×100 (B)
本実施形態による二相ステンレス継目無鋼管の化学組成は、次の元素を含有する。
炭素(C)は、不可避に含有される。すなわち、C含有量の下限は0%超である。Cは結晶粒界にCr炭化物を形成し、粒界での腐食感受性を高める。その結果、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材の耐食性が低下する。したがって、C含有量は0.030%以下である。C含有量の好ましい上限は0.028%であり、より好ましくは0.025%である。C含有量はなるべく低い方が好ましい。ただし、C含有量の極端な低減は、製造コストを大幅に高める。したがって、工業生産を考慮した場合、C含有量の好ましい下限は0.001%であり、より好ましくは0.005%である。
シリコン(Si)は、鋼を脱酸する。Si含有量が低すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、上記効果が十分に得られない。一方、Si含有量が高すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材の低温靱性及び熱間加工性が低下する。したがって、Si含有量は0.20~1.00%である。Si含有量の好ましい下限は0.25%であり、より好ましくは0.30%である。Si含有量の好ましい上限は0.85%であり、より好ましくは0.75%である。
マンガン(Mn)は、鋼を脱酸し、鋼を脱硫する。Mnはさらに、鋼材の熱間加工性を高める。Mn含有量が低すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、上記効果が十分に得られない。一方、Mn含有量が高すぎれば、Mnは、P及びS等の不純物とともに、粒界に偏析する。この場合、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、高温環境における鋼材の耐食性が低下する。したがって、Mn含有量は0.50~7.00%である。Mn含有量の好ましい下限は0.75%であり、より好ましくは1.00%である。Mn含有量の好ましい上限は6.50%であり、より好ましくは6.20%である。
燐(P)は、不純物である。すなわち、P含有量の下限は0%超である。Pは、粒界に偏析して、鋼材の低温靱性を低下させる。したがって、P含有量は0.040%以下である。P含有量の好ましい上限は0.035%であり、より好ましくは0.030%である。P含有量はなるべく低い方が好ましい。ただし、P含有量の極端な低減は、製造コストを大幅に高める。したがって、工業生産を考慮した場合、P含有量の好ましい下限は0.001%であり、より好ましくは0.003%である。
硫黄(S)は、不純物である。すなわち、S含有量の下限は0%超である。Sは、粒界に偏析して、鋼材の低温靱性及び熱間加工性を低下させる。したがって、S含有量は0.0100%以下である。S含有量の好ましい上限は0.0085%であり、より好ましくは0.0065%である。S含有量はなるべく低い方が好ましい。ただし、S含有量の極端な低減は、製造コストを大幅に高める。したがって、工業生産を考慮した場合、S含有量の好ましい下限は0.0001%であり、より好ましくは0.0003%である。
銅(Cu)は、析出強化により、鋼材の強度を高める。Cuはさらに、高温環境での鋼材の耐食性を高める。Cu含有量が低すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、上記効果が十分に得られない。一方、Cu含有量が高すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材の熱間加工性が低下する。したがって、Cu含有量は1.80~4.00%である。Cu含有量の好ましい下限は1.90%であり、より好ましくは、2.00%であり、さらに好ましくは2.20%であり、さらに好ましくは2.50%である。Cu含有量の好ましい上限は3.90%であり、より好ましくは3.75%であり、さらに好ましくは3.50%である。
クロム(Cr)は、高温環境における鋼材の耐食性を高める。具体的に、Crは酸化物として鋼材の表面に不動態被膜を形成する。その結果、鋼材の耐食性が高まる。Crはさらに、鋼材のフェライトの体積率を高める元素である。フェライトの体積率を高めることで、鋼材の耐食性が安定化する。Cr含有量が低すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、上記効果が十分に得られない。一方、Cr含有量が高すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材の熱間加工性が低下する。したがって、Cr含有量は20.00~28.00%である。Cr含有量の好ましい下限は20.50%であり、より好ましくは21.00%であり、さらに好ましくは21.50%である。Cr含有量の好ましい上限は27.50%であり、より好ましくは27.00%であり、さらに好ましくは26.50%である。
ニッケル(Ni)は、鋼材のオーステナイトを安定化させる元素である。すなわち、Niは安定したフェライト及びオーステナイトの二相組織を得るために必要な元素である。Niはさらに、高温環境における鋼材の耐食性を高める。Ni含有量が低すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、上記効果が十分に得られない。一方、Ni含有量が高すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、オーステナイトの体積率が高くなりすぎ、鋼材の強度が低下する。したがって、Ni含有量は4.00~9.00%である。Ni含有量の好ましい下限は、4.20%であり、より好ましくは4.30%であり、さらに好ましくは4.40%であり、さらに好ましくは4.50%である。Ni含有量の好ましい上限は8.50%であり、より好ましくは8.00%であり、さらに好ましくは7.50%であり、さらに好ましくは7.00%であり、さらに好ましくは6.75%である。
モリブデン(Mo)は、高温環境における鋼材の耐食性を高める。Mo含有量が低すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、上記効果が十分に得られない。一方、Mo含有量が高すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材の熱間加工性が低下する。したがって、Mo含有量は0.50~2.00%である。Mo含有量の好ましい下限は0.60%であり、より好ましくは0.70%であり、さらに好ましくは0.80%である。Mo含有量の好ましい上限は1.85%であり、より好ましくは1.50%である。
アルミニウム(Al)は、不可避に含有される。すなわち、Al含有量の下限は0%超である。Alは、鋼を脱酸する。一方、Al含有量が高すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、粗大な酸化物系介在物が生成して、鋼材の低温靱性が低下する。したがって、Al含有量は0.100%以下である。Al含有量の好ましい下限は0.001%であり、より好ましくは0.005%であり、さらに好ましくは0.010%である。Al含有量の好ましい上限は0.080%であり、より好ましくは0.050%である。なお、本明細書にいうAl含有量は、「酸可溶Al」、つまり、sol.Alの含有量を意味する。
窒素(N)は、鋼材のオーステナイトを安定化させる元素である。すなわち、Nは安定したフェライト及びオーステナイトの二相組織を得るために必要な元素である。Nはさらに、鋼材の耐食性を高める。N含有量が低すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、上記効果が十分に得られない。一方、N含有量が高すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材の低温靭性及び熱間加工性が低下する。したがって、N含有量は0.150~0.350%である。N含有量の好ましい下限は0.170%であり、より好ましくは0.180%であり、さらに好ましくは0.200%である。N含有量の好ましい上限は、0.340%であり、より好ましくは0.330%である。
上述の二相ステンレス継目無鋼管の化学組成はさらに、Feの一部に代えて、V、Nb、Ta、Ti、Zr、及び、Hfからなる群から選択される1元素以上を含有してもよい。これらの元素はいずれも任意元素であり、鋼材の強度を高める。
バナジウム(V)は任意元素であり、含有されなくてもよい。すなわち、V含有量は0%であってもよい。含有される場合、Vは炭窒化物を形成し、鋼材の強度を高める。Vが少しでも含有されれば、上記効果がある程度得られる。しかしながら、V含有量が高すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材の強度が高くなりすぎ、鋼材の低温靭性が低下する。したがって、V含有量は0~1.50%である。V含有量の好ましい下限は0%超であり、より好ましくは0.01%であり、さらに好ましくは0.03%であり、さらに好ましくは0.05%である。V含有量の好ましい上限は1.20%であり、より好ましくは1.00%である。
ニオブ(Nb)は任意元素であり、含有されなくてもよい。すなわち、Nb含有量は0%であってもよい。含有される場合、Nbは炭窒化物を形成し、鋼材の強度を高める。Nbが少しでも含有されれば、上記効果がある程度得られる。しかしながら、Nb含有量が高すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材の強度が高くなりすぎ、鋼材の低温靭性が低下する。したがって、Nb含有量は0~0.100%である。Nb含有量の好ましい下限は0%超であり、より好ましくは0.001%であり、さらに好ましくは0.002%であり、さらに好ましくは0.003%である。Nb含有量の好ましい上限は0.080%であり、より好ましくは0.070%である。
タンタル(Ta)は任意元素であり、含有されなくてもよい。すなわち、Ta含有量は0%であってもよい。含有される場合、Taは炭窒化物を形成し、鋼材の強度を高める。Taが少しでも含有されれば、上記効果がある程度得られる。しかしながら、Ta含有量が高すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材の強度が高くなりすぎ、鋼材の低温靭性が低下する。したがって、Ta含有量は0~0.100%である。Ta含有量の好ましい下限は0%超であり、より好ましくは0.001%であり、さらに好ましくは0.002%であり、さらに好ましくは0.003%である。Ta含有量の好ましい上限は0.080%であり、より好ましくは0.070%である。
チタン(Ti)は任意元素であり、含有されなくてもよい。すなわち、Ti含有量は0%であってもよい。含有される場合、Tiは炭窒化物を形成し、鋼材の強度を高める。Tiが少しでも含有されれば、上記効果がある程度得られる。しかしながら、Ti含有量が高すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材の強度が高くなりすぎ、鋼材の低温靭性が低下する。したがって、Ti含有量は0~0.100%である。Ti含有量の好ましい下限は0%超であり、より好ましくは0.001%であり、さらに好ましくは0.002%であり、さらに好ましくは0.003%である。Ti含有量の好ましい上限は0.080%であり、より好ましくは0.070%である。
ジルコニウム(Zr)は任意元素であり、含有されなくてもよい。すなわち、Zr含有量は0%であってもよい。含有される場合、Zrは炭窒化物を形成し、鋼材の強度を高める。Zrが少しでも含有されれば、上記効果がある程度得られる。しかしながら、Zr含有量が高すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材の強度が高くなりすぎ、鋼材の低温靭性が低下する。したがって、Zr含有量は0~0.100%である。Zr含有量の好ましい下限は0%超であり、より好ましくは0.001%であり、さらに好ましくは0.002%であり、さらに好ましくは0.003%である。Zr含有量の好ましい上限は0.080%であり、より好ましくは0.070%である。
ハフニウム(Hf)は任意元素であり、含有されなくてもよい。すなわち、Hf含有量は0%であってもよい。含有される場合、Hfは炭窒化物を形成し、鋼材の強度を高める。Hfが少しでも含有されれば、上記効果がある程度得られる。しかしながら、Hf含有量が高すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材の強度が高くなりすぎ、鋼材の低温靭性が低下する。したがって、Hf含有量は0~0.100%である。Hf含有量の好ましい下限は0%超であり、より好ましくは0.001%であり、さらに好ましくは0.002%であり、さらに好ましくは0.003%である。Hf含有量の好ましい上限は0.080%であり、より好ましくは0.070%である。
カルシウム(Ca)は任意元素であり、含有されなくてもよい。すなわち、Ca含有量は0%であってもよい。含有される場合、Caは鋼材中のSを硫化物として固定することで無害化し、鋼材の熱間加工性を高める。Caが少しでも含有されれば、上記効果がある程度得られる。しかしながら、Ca含有量が高すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材中の酸化物が粗大化して、鋼材の低温靭性が低下する。したがって、Ca含有量は0~0.0200%である。Ca含有量の好ましい下限は0%超であり、より好ましくは0.0005%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0010%である。Ca含有量の好ましい上限は0.0180%であり、より好ましくは0.0150%である。
マグネシウム(Mg)は任意元素であり、含有されなくてもよい。すなわち、Mg含有量は0%であってもよい。含有される場合、Mgは鋼材中のSを硫化物として固定することで無害化し、鋼材の熱間加工性を高める。Mgが少しでも含有されれば、上記効果がある程度得られる。しかしながら、Mg含有量が高すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材中の酸化物が粗大化して、鋼材の低温靭性が低下する。したがって、Mg含有量は0~0.0200%である。Mg含有量の好ましい下限は0%超であり、より好ましくは0.0005%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0010%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0020%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0030%である。Mg含有量の好ましい上限は0.0180%であり、より好ましくは0.0150%である。
ホウ素(B)は任意元素であり、含有されなくてもよい。すなわち、B含有量は0%であってもよい。含有される場合、Bは鋼材中のSの粒界への偏析を抑制し、鋼材の熱間加工性を高める。Bが少しでも含有されれば、上記効果がある程度得られる。しかしながら、B含有量が高すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、ボロン窒化物(BN)が生成し、鋼材の低温靱性が低下する。したがって、B含有量は0~0.0200%である。B含有量の好ましい下限は0%超であり、より好ましくは0.0005%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0010%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0020%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0030%である。B含有量の好ましい上限は0.0180%であり、より好ましくは0.0150%である。
希土類元素(REM)は任意元素であり、含有されなくてもよい。すなわち、REM含有量は0%であってもよい。含有される場合、REMは鋼材中のSを硫化物として固定することで無害化し、鋼材の熱間加工性を高める。REMが少しでも含有されれば、上記効果がある程度得られる。しかしながら、REM含有量が高すぎれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材中の酸化物が粗大化して、鋼材の低温靭性が低下する。したがって、REM含有量は0~0.200%である。REM含有量の好ましい下限は0%超であり、より好ましくは0.005%であり、さらに好ましくは0.010%であり、さらに好ましくは0.020%であり、さらに好ましくは0.030%である。REM含有量の好ましい上限は0.180%であり、より好ましくは0.150%である。
本実施形態による二相ステンレス継目無鋼管のミクロ組織は、フェライト及びオーステナイトからなる。本明細書において、「フェライト及びオーステナイトからなる」とは、フェライト及びオーステナイト以外の相が無視できるほど少ないことを意味する。たとえば、本実施形態による二相ステンレス継目無鋼管の化学組成においては、析出物や介在物の体積率は、フェライト及びオーステナイトの体積率と比較して、無視できるほど小さい。すなわち、本実施形態による二相ステンレスのミクロ組織には、フェライト及びオーステナイト以外に、析出物や介在物等を微小量含んでもよい。
本実施形態の二相ステンレス継目無鋼管のミクロ組織はさらに、図2に示すように、フェライトとオーステナイトとの層状組織を有する。本実施形態による二相ステンレス継目無鋼管のミクロ組織における、層状組織は、次の方法により観察することができる。
層状指数(LI:Layer Index)=NT/NL (1)
本実施形態による二相ステンレス継目無鋼管の降伏強度は、特に限定されない。しかしながら、降伏強度が655MPaを超えると、鋼材の低温靭性が低下する場合がある。したがって、本実施形態による二相ステンレス継目無鋼管の降伏強度は、655MPa以下とするのが好ましい。降伏強度の下限は特に限定されないが、たとえば、448MPaである。
本実施形態による二相ステンレス継目無鋼管は、上述の化学組成と、上述のミクロ組織を有する結果、優れた低温靭性を有する。本実施形態において、優れた低温靭性とは、以下のとおりに定義される。
上述の構成を有する本実施形態による二相ステンレス継目無鋼管の製造方法の一例を説明する。なお、本実施形態による二相ステンレス継目無鋼管の製造方法は、以下に説明する製造方法に限定されない。本実施形態の二相ステンレス継目無鋼管の製造方法の一例は、素材準備工程と、熱間加工工程と、溶体化熱処理工程とを含む。以下、各製造工程について詳述する。
素材準備工程では、上述の化学組成を有する素材を準備する。素材は製造して準備してもよいし、第三者から購入することにより準備してもよい。すなわち、素材を準備する方法は特に限定されない。なお、後述する穿孔圧延を実施するため、素材は断面円形状のビレット(すなわち、丸ビレット)であることが好ましい。なお、素材が丸ビレットである場合、丸ビレットの大きさは特に限定されない。
熱間加工工程では、熱間加工により、上述の化学組成を有する素材から、中空の素管(継目無鋼管)を製造する。本実施形態では、熱間加工工程は、加熱工程と、穿孔圧延工程と、延伸圧延工程とを含む。以下、各工程について詳述する。
加熱工程では、上述の素材準備工程によって準備された素材を、1000~1280℃の加熱温度TA℃で加熱する。加熱方法は、たとえば、素材を加熱炉に装入して、加熱する方法である。このとき、加熱工程における加熱温度TAは、素材を加熱する加熱炉の炉温(℃)に相当する。加熱工程において、準備された素材をTA℃で保持する時間(加熱時間)は特に限定されないが、たとえば、1.0~10.0時間である。
穿孔圧延工程では、上述の加熱工程によって加熱された素材を、式(A)を満たす断面減少率RA%で穿孔圧延する。
RA≧-0.000200×TA 2+0.513×TA-297 (A)
ここで、式(A)中のRAは、式(B)で定義される。
RA={1-(穿孔圧延後の素管の管軸方向に垂直な断面積/穿孔圧延前の素材の軸方向に垂直な断面積)}×100 (B)
延伸圧延工程では、上述の穿孔圧延工程によって製造された素管を、延伸圧延する。延伸圧延は、周知の方法でよく、特に限定されない。延伸圧延は、マンドレルミル法で実施されてもよく、プラグミル法で実施されてもよい。マンドレルミル法で延伸圧延を実施する場合、たとえば、穿孔圧延された素管に対して、マンドレルミルによる熱間圧延を実施する。プラグミル法で延伸圧延を実施する場合、たとえば、穿孔圧延された素管に対して、エロンゲータミルによる熱間圧延と、続いてプラグミルによる熱間圧延を実施する。延伸圧延はさらに、アッセルミルを用いてもよく、ピルガーミルを用いてもよく、ディッシャーミルを用いてもよい。このように、本実施形態による延伸圧延工程では、延伸圧延は周知の方法を用いることができる。
溶体化熱処理工程では、延伸圧延工程後の素管を、950~1080℃で5~180分間保持する。本明細書において、溶体化熱処理を実施する温度(熱処理温度)とは、溶体化熱処理を実施するための熱処理炉の炉温(℃)を意味する。本明細書において、溶体化熱処理を実施する時間(熱処理時間)とは、素管が熱処理温度(℃)で保持される時間を意味する。
溶体化熱処理が実施された各試験番号の継目無鋼管に対して、ミクロ組織観察、引張試験、及び、シャルピー衝撃試験を実施した。
各試験番号の継目無鋼管に対して、ミクロ組織観察を実施した。具体的に、各試験番号の継目無鋼管の肉厚中央部から、ミクロ組織観察用の試験片を作製した。試験片は、各試験番号の継目無鋼管の管軸方向(L方向)に5mm、管径方向(T方向)に5mmの観察面を含み、かつ、観察面の中心部が、継目無鋼管の肉厚中央部とほぼ一致していた。各試験番号の試験片の観察面を、鏡面に研磨した。鏡面研磨された観察面を7%水酸化カリウム腐食液中で電解腐食し組織現出を行った。組織現出された観察面を、光学顕微鏡を用いて10視野観察した。各視野の面積は、1.00mm2(1.0mm×1.0mm)であり、倍率は200倍であった。
各試験番号の継目無鋼管に対して、ASTM E8/E8M(2013)に準拠した上述の方法で引張試験を実施して、降伏強度(MPa)を求めた。なお、本実施例では、引張試験用の丸棒試験片は、各試験番号の継目無鋼管の肉厚中央部から作製した。丸棒試験片の軸方向は継目無鋼管の管軸方向と平行であった。引張試験で得られた0.2%オフセット耐力を、降伏強度(MPa)とした。さらに、引張試験で得られた一様伸び中の最大応力を、引張強度(MPa)とした。各試験番号の継目無鋼管について、降伏強度(MPa)を「YS(MPa)」として、引張強度(MPa)を「TS(MPa)」として、それぞれ表3に示す。なお、各試験番号の継目無鋼管の降伏強度は、いずれも448~655MPaの範囲内であった。
各試験番号の二相ステンレス継目無鋼管に対して、ASTM E23(2018)に準拠したシャルピー衝撃試験を実施した。具体的には、各試験番号の継目無鋼管の肉厚中央部から、API 5CRA(2010)に準拠してVノッチ試験片を作製した。API 5CRA(2010)に準拠して作製した各試験番号のVノッチ試験片に対して、ASTM E23(2016)に準拠して、シャルピー衝撃試験を実施して、吸収エネルギーE(J)を求めた。
表3に試験結果を示す。
20 オーステナイト
50 観察視野領域
T1~T4、L1~L4 線分
Claims (4)
- 二相ステンレス継目無鋼管であって、
質量%で、
C:0.030%以下、
Si:0.20~1.00%、
Mn:0.50~7.00%、
P:0.040%以下、
S:0.0100%以下、
Cu:1.80~4.00%、
Cr:20.00~28.00%、
Ni:4.00~9.00%、
Mo:0.50~2.00%、
Al:0.100%以下、
N:0.150~0.350%、
V:0~1.50%、
Nb:0~0.100%、
Ta:0~0.100%、
Ti:0~0.100%、
Zr:0~0.100%、
Hf:0~0.100%、
Ca:0~0.0200%、
Mg:0~0.0200%、
B:0~0.0200%、
希土類元素:0~0.200%、及び、
残部がFe及び不純物からなる化学組成と、
体積率で30.0~70.0%のフェライト、及び、残部がオーステナイトからなるミクロ組織とを有し、
前記二相ステンレス継目無鋼管の管軸方向をL方向、前記二相ステンレス継目無鋼管の管径方向をT方向と定義したとき、
前記二相ステンレス継目無鋼管の肉厚中央部を含み、前記L方向に延びる辺の長さが1.0mmであり、前記T方向に延びる辺の長さが1.0mmである正方形の観察視野領域において、
前記T方向に延びる線分であって、前記観察視野領域の前記L方向に等間隔に配列され、前記観察視野領域を前記L方向に5等分する4つの線分をT1~T4と定義し、
前記L方向に延びる線分であって、前記観察視野領域の前記T方向に等間隔に配列され、前記観察視野領域を前記T方向に5等分する4つの線分をL1~L4と定義し、
前記観察視野領域における前記フェライトと前記オーステナイトとの界面をフェライト界面と定義したとき、
前記線分T1~T4と前記フェライト界面との交点の数である交点数NTが40.0個以上であり、
前記線分L1~L4と前記フェライト界面との交点の数である交点数NLと、前記交点数NTとが、式(1)を満たす、
二相ステンレス継目無鋼管。
NT/NL≧2.0 (1) - 請求項1に記載の二相ステンレス継目無鋼管であって、
前記化学組成は、
V:0.01~1.50%、
Nb:0.001~0.100%、
Ta:0.001~0.100%、
Ti:0.001~0.100%、
Zr:0.001~0.100%、及び、
Hf:0.001~0.100%からなる群から選択される1元素以上を含有する、
二相ステンレス継目無鋼管。 - 請求項1又は請求項2に記載の二相ステンレス継目無鋼管であって、
前記化学組成は、
Ca:0.0005~0.0200%、
Mg:0.0005~0.0200%、
B:0.0005~0.0200%、
希土類元素:0.005~0.200%からなる群から選択される1元素以上を含有する、
二相ステンレス継目無鋼管。 - 二相ステンレス継目無鋼管の製造方法であって、
請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の化学組成を有する素材を準備する、素材準備工程と、
前記素材準備工程後の前記素材を、1000~1280℃の加熱温度TA℃で加熱する、加熱工程と、
前記加熱工程後の前記素材を、式(A)を満たす断面減少率RA%で穿孔圧延して、素管を製造する、穿孔圧延工程と、
前記穿孔圧延工程後の前記素管を、延伸圧延する、延伸圧延工程と、
前記延伸圧延工程後の前記素管を、950~1080℃で5~180分間保持する、溶体化熱処理工程とを備える、
二相ステンレス継目無鋼管の製造方法。
RA≧-0.000200×TA 2+0.513×TA-297 (A)
ここで、式(A)中のRAは、式(B)で定義される。
RA={1-(穿孔圧延後の前記素管の管軸方向に垂直な断面積/穿孔圧延前の前記素材の軸方向に垂直な断面積)}×100 (B)
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| JP2022111733A (ja) * | 2021-01-20 | 2022-08-01 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 二相ステンレス鋼管 |
| WO2023054343A1 (ja) * | 2021-09-29 | 2023-04-06 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 二相ステンレス鋼材 |
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