WO2021157571A1 - 硬化性樹脂組成物、樹脂膜、硬化膜、積層体、硬化膜の製造方法、及び、半導体デバイス - Google Patents
硬化性樹脂組成物、樹脂膜、硬化膜、積層体、硬化膜の製造方法、及び、半導体デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021157571A1 WO2021157571A1 PCT/JP2021/003731 JP2021003731W WO2021157571A1 WO 2021157571 A1 WO2021157571 A1 WO 2021157571A1 JP 2021003731 W JP2021003731 W JP 2021003731W WO 2021157571 A1 WO2021157571 A1 WO 2021157571A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F290/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups
- C08F290/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups on to polymers modified by introduction of unsaturated side groups
- C08F290/14—Polymers provided for in subclass C08G
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/22—Polybenzoxazoles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
- C08K5/3467—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having more than two nitrogen atoms in the ring
- C08K5/3472—Five-membered rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/54—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K5/541—Silicon-containing compounds containing oxygen
- C08K5/5415—Silicon-containing compounds containing oxygen containing at least one Si—O bond
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
- C08L79/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
- C08L79/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08L79/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D179/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen, with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C09D161/00 - C09D177/00
- C09D179/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D179/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen, with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C09D161/00 - C09D177/00
- C09D179/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C09D179/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/20—Diluents or solvents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/63—Additives non-macromolecular organic
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
- G03F7/032—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with binders
- G03F7/037—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with binders the binders being polyamides or polyimides
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/075—Silicon-containing compounds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/09—Photosensitive materials characterised by structural details, e.g. supports, auxiliary layers
- G03F7/094—Multilayer resist systems, e.g. planarising layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/20—Exposure; Apparatus therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/26—Processing photosensitive materials; Apparatus therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/26—Processing photosensitive materials; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/40—Treatment after imagewise removal, e.g. baking
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/768—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/52—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames
- H01L23/522—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body
- H01L23/532—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body characterised by the materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/52—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames
- H01L23/522—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body
- H01L23/532—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body characterised by the materials
- H01L23/5329—Insulating materials
- H01L23/53295—Stacked insulating layers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a curable resin composition, a resin film, a cured film, a laminate, a method for producing a cured film, and a semiconductor device.
- Polyimide or polybenzoxazole is applied to various applications because it has excellent heat resistance and insulating properties.
- the above application is not particularly limited, and examples of a semiconductor device for mounting include use as a material for an insulating film and a sealing material, or as a protective film. It is also used as a base film and coverlay for flexible substrates.
- the polyimide or polybenzoxazole is used in the form of at least one resin selected from the group consisting of polyimides, polyimide precursors, polybenzoxazoles, and polybenzoxazole precursors.
- a curable resin composition is applied to a base material by, for example, coating to form a resin film, and then exposed, developed, heated or the like as necessary to form a cured film on the base material.
- the polyimide precursor and the polybenzoxazole precursor are cyclized by heating, for example, and become polyimide and polybenzoxazole in the cured film, respectively.
- the curable resin composition can be applied by a known coating method or the like, for example, the degree of freedom in designing the shape, size, application position, etc. of the applied curable resin composition at the time of application is high. It can be said that it has excellent manufacturing adaptability.
- the industrial application development of the above-mentioned curable resin composition is expected more and more.
- Patent Document 1 describes at least one of a resin composed of a polyimide precursor, a polyimide, a polybenzoxazole precursor, and polybenzoxazole, a cross-linking agent, and a solvent that dissolves the resin at 25 ° C. in an amount of 5% by mass or more. Therefore, the solubility parameter distance between the first solvent selected from alcohols, esters, ketones, ethers, sulfur-containing compounds, carbonates and ureas and the first solvent is 3.0 to 11. Compositions containing a second solvent of .0 are described.
- Patent Document 2 includes (a) a polyimide precursor or a polybenzoxazole precursor, a compound represented by a specific general formula (1), a compound represented by a specific general formula (2), and a sulfur atom. It is a resin composition containing one or more polar solvents selected from the group consisting of compounds, and the content of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) in the above resin composition is 0.1% by mass or less. , Resin compositions are described.
- the present invention relates to a curable resin composition having excellent film thickness uniformity of a resin film obtained even when stored at a low temperature for a long period of time, a resin film obtained by applying the curable resin composition to a base material, and the curable resin.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a cured film obtained by curing a composition, a laminate containing the cured film, a method for producing the cured film, and a semiconductor device containing the cured film or the laminate.
- a curable resin composition containing at least two solvents From imidazole ring, triazole ring, oxazole ring, thiazole ring, pyrazole ring, isooxazole ring, isothiazole ring, tetrazole ring, pyridine ring, pyridazine ring, pyrimidine ring, pyrazine ring, piperazine ring, piperazine ring and triazine ring.
- the curable resin composition according to ⁇ 1> further comprising a migration inhibitor which is a compound having one or more heterocycles and an amino group selected from the above group.
- a migration inhibitor which is a compound having one or more heterocycles and an amino group selected from the above group.
- ⁇ 3> Selected from the group consisting of 5-methylbenzotriazole, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole, and 5-amino-1H-tetrazole.
- the curable resin composition according to ⁇ 1> or ⁇ 2> further comprising a migration inhibitor which is at least one compound.
- the solvent contains dimethyl sulfoxide and ethyl lactate, the content of ethyl lactate with respect to the total mass of the solvent is 40% by mass or more, and the content of ⁇ -butyrolactone with respect to the total mass of the solvent is 40% by mass or less.
- ⁇ 6> The curable resin composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 5>, wherein the solvent contains a solvent having an ether bond.
- ⁇ 7> The curing according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 6>, wherein the content of the solvent having the second highest content in the above solvent is 20% by mass or more with respect to the total mass of the solvent.
- ⁇ 8> The curable resin composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 7>, further comprising a silane coupling agent.
- ⁇ 9> The curable resin composition is used for storage in a storage container and is provided at least once for refrigeration at -15 to 16 ° C., and the filling ratio of the curable resin composition with respect to the total storage volume of the storage container during refrigeration is 50 to 50.
- the curable resin composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 8> which is 90%.
- ⁇ 10> The curable resin composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 9>, which is used for forming an interlayer insulating film for a rewiring layer.
- ⁇ 11> A resin film obtained by applying the curable resin composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 10> to a substrate.
- ⁇ 12> The curable resin composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 10>, or a cured film obtained by curing the resin film according to ⁇ 11>.
- ⁇ 13> A laminate containing two or more layers of the cured film according to ⁇ 12> and containing a metal layer between any of the cured films.
- ⁇ 14> A method for producing a cured film, which comprises a film forming step of applying the curable resin composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 10> to a substrate to form a film.
- the method for producing a cured film according to ⁇ 14> which comprises an exposure step of exposing the film and a developing step of developing the film.
- the method for producing a cured film according to ⁇ 14> or ⁇ 15> which comprises a heating step of heating the film at 50 to 450 ° C.
- a semiconductor device comprising the cured film according to ⁇ 12> or the laminate according to ⁇ 13>.
- a curable resin composition having excellent film thickness uniformity of a resin film obtained even when stored at a low temperature for a long period of time, a resin film obtained by applying the curable resin composition to a base material, and the curing
- a cured film obtained by curing a sex resin composition a laminate containing the cured film, a method for producing the cured film, and a semiconductor device containing the cured film or the laminate.
- the present invention is not limited to the specified embodiments.
- the numerical range represented by the symbol "-" means a range including the numerical values before and after "-" as the lower limit value and the upper limit value, respectively.
- the term "process” means not only an independent process but also a process that cannot be clearly distinguished from other processes as long as the desired action of the process can be achieved.
- the notation not describing substitution and non-substitution includes a group having a substituent (atomic group) as well as a group having no substituent (atomic group).
- the "alkyl group” includes not only an alkyl group having no substituent (unsubstituted alkyl group) but also an alkyl group having a substituent (substituted alkyl group).
- exposure includes not only exposure using light but also exposure using particle beams such as an electron beam and an ion beam. Examples of the light used for exposure include the emission line spectrum of a mercury lamp, far ultraviolet rays typified by an excimer laser, extreme ultraviolet rays (EUV light), X-rays, active rays such as electron beams, or radiation.
- (meth) acrylate means both “acrylate” and “methacrylate”, or either
- (meth) acrylic means both “acrylic” and “methacrylic", or
- (meth) acryloyl means both “acryloyl” and “methacrylic", or either.
- Me in the structural formula represents a methyl group
- Et represents an ethyl group
- Bu represents a butyl group
- Ph represents a phenyl group.
- the total solid content means the total mass of all the components of the composition excluding the solvent.
- the solid content concentration is the mass percentage of other components excluding the solvent with respect to the total mass of the composition.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the number average molecular weight (Mn) are defined as polystyrene-equivalent values according to gel permeation chromatography (GPC measurement) unless otherwise specified.
- GPC measurement gel permeation chromatography
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the number average molecular weight (Mn) for example, HLC-8220GPC (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) is used, and guard columns HZ-L, TSKgel Super HZM-M, and TSKgel are used as columns. It can be obtained by using Super HZ4000, TSKgel Super HZ3000, and TSKgel Super HZ2000 (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation).
- the direction in which the layers are stacked on the base material is referred to as "upper", or if there is a photosensitive layer, the direction from the base material to the photosensitive layer is referred to as “upper”.
- the opposite direction is referred to as "down”.
- the composition may contain, as each component contained in the composition, two or more compounds corresponding to the component.
- the content of each component in the composition means the total content of all the compounds corresponding to the component.
- the temperature is 23 ° C.
- the atmospheric pressure is 101,325 Pa (1 atm)
- the relative humidity is 50% RH.
- the combination of preferred embodiments is a more preferred embodiment.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention is at least one resin selected from the group consisting of polyimide, polyimide precursor, polybenzoxazole, and polybenzoxazole precursor (hereinafter, also referred to as "specific resin"). In addition, it contains at least two kinds of solvents.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention is excellent in film thickness uniformity of the resin film obtained even when stored at a low temperature for a long period of time. According to the study by the present inventors, after storing the curable resin composition containing one solvent alone at a low temperature (for example, 5 ° C or lower, further -5 ° C or lower, etc.) for a long period of time (for example, 6 months or more). It was found that when a resin film was formed by applying it to a base material, the film thickness uniformity of the obtained resin film was inferior. Inferior film thickness uniformity of the resin film means that there is a large difference in film thickness between the thin film thickness portion and the thick film thickness portion of the resin film.
- the curable resin composition containing two or more kinds of solvents is excellent in the film thickness uniformity of the resin film obtained even when stored for a long period of time.
- the mechanism by which the above effect is obtained is not clear, but it is presumed as follows.
- a curable resin composition containing only one solvent When a curable resin composition containing only one solvent is stored at a low temperature for a long period of time, components having low solubility in the solvent may precipitate. In this way, when a certain component in the composition is precipitated, the concentration of the other component is locally increased and some reaction proceeds, or a component such as a polymerization inhibitor is precipitated and the polymerization proceeds. It is presumed that some of the components contained in the composition may be altered due to such reasons as the above. As described above, in the composition in which a part of the components is altered, it is considered that the film thickness uniformity of the resin film is inferior even if the precipitate is dissolved again by, for example, raising the temperature or stirring after storage. ..
- the curable resin composition contains two or more kinds of solvents, even a component having a low solubility in a certain solvent contained in the composition is excellent in solubility in another solvent contained in the composition. In some cases, it is considered that the above precipitation is suppressed. As a result, it is presumed that the above-mentioned deterioration is suppressed and the film thickness uniformity of the resin film after storage is excellent.
- the curable resin composition contains two or more kinds of polymers, it is contained in the curable resin composition even when stored at a low temperature for a long period of time, as compared with the case where one kind of polymer is contained alone. Since deterioration due to precipitation of components such as the polymer of the above, or cross-linking of cross-linking groups in the polymer and cross-linking groups in the cross-linking agent is suppressed, for example, resolution when the obtained resin film is subjected to development is also obtained. It is presumed that it is easy to improve.
- the curable resin composition contains two or more kinds of solvents
- a resin film is formed even when the curable resin composition is stored for a long period of time, especially at a low temperature, as compared with the case where one kind of solvent is contained alone. It is presumed that the distribution of the components in the resin film is likely to be close to uniform, and the chemical resistance of the obtained cured film is also likely to be improved.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention contains at least two kinds of solvents.
- a known solvent can be arbitrarily used.
- the solvent is preferably an organic solvent.
- the organic solvent include compounds such as esters, ethers, ketones, hydrocarbons, sulfoxides, amides, and alcohols.
- esters include ethyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, hexyl acetate, amyl formate, isoamyl acetate, butyl propionate, isopropyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, butyl butyrate, methyl lactate, ethyl lactate, and ⁇ -butyrolactone.
- alkylalkyloxyacetate eg, methyl alkyloxyacetate, ethyl alkyloxyacetate, butyl alkyloxyacetate (eg, methyl methoxyacetate, ethyl methoxyacetate, butyl methoxyacetate, methyl ethoxyacetate, Ethyl ethoxyacetate, etc.)
- 3-alkyloxypropionate alkyl esters eg, methyl 3-alkyloxypropionate, ethyl 3-alkyloxypropionate, etc.) (eg, methyl 3-methoxypropionate, 3-methoxypropionate, etc.) Ethyl, methyl 3-ethoxypropionate, ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate, etc.)
- 2-alkyloxypropionate alkyl esters eg, methyl 2-alkyloxypropionate, ethyl 2-alkyloxypropionate, ethyl 2-alkyl
- the esters are preferably acyclic ester compounds.
- the acyclic ester compound refers to a compound having no cyclic structure (that is, a lactone structure) including an ester structure in the molecule.
- ethers include diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, methyl cellosolve acetate, ethyl cellosolve acetate, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, and propylene glycol.
- Suitable examples include monomethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol ethyl methyl ether, and propylene glycol monopropyl ether acetate.
- ketones for example, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, 2-heptanone, 3-heptanone, 3-methylcyclohexanone, levoglucosenone, dihydrolevoglucosenone and the like are preferable.
- hydrocarbons for example, toluene, xylene, anisole, limonene and the like are preferable.
- aromatic hydrocarbons or terpenes are preferable as the hydrocarbons.
- sulfoxides for example, dimethyl sulfoxide is preferable.
- a compound having a lactam structure or a compound having an ether bond and an amide bond in the structure is more preferable.
- Commercially available products may be used as the amides, and examples of the commercially available products include the Equamid series manufactured by Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. (for example, Equamid B-100 and Equamid M-100).
- Alcohols include methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, benzyl alcohol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monohexyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, polypropylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monobenzyl ether, Examples thereof include ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, methylphenyl carbinol, n-amyl alcohol, methyl amyl alcohol, and diacetone alcohol. As ureas, N, N, N', N'-tetramethylurea, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imid
- the curable resin composition of the present invention was selected from the group consisting of esters, ethers, ketones, hydrocarbons, sulfoxides, and amides from the viewpoint of film thickness uniformity. It preferably contains at least two species, including at least two species selected from the group consisting of amides and sulfoxides, or at least one species selected from the group consisting of amides and sulfoxides, and esters. More preferably, it contains at least one selected from the group consisting of ethers, ketones, and hydrocarbons, and contains at least two selected from the group consisting of amides and sulfoxides, or contains.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention contains at least one selected from amides and a ketone from the viewpoint of resolution (particularly, resolution after the composition is stored at a low temperature for a long period of time). It is preferable to contain at least one selected from the above species, and more preferably to contain N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and cyclopentanone.
- the content of the solvent corresponding to the amides is preferably 10 to 90% by mass, more preferably 30 to 70% by mass, based on the total mass of the solvent.
- the content of the solvent corresponding to the ketones is preferably 20 to 90% by mass, more preferably 30 to 70% by mass, based on the total mass of the solvent.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention has an ether bond, which will be described later, from the viewpoint of chemical resistance of the obtained cured film (particularly, chemical resistance of the cured film after the composition is stored at a low temperature for a long period of time). It is preferable to contain at least one selected from the solvent having an ether bond and at least one selected from sulfoxides, and more preferably, a compound having an ether bond and an amide bond and dimethyl sulfoxide are contained in the above-mentioned structure. Preferably, it further preferably contains 3-butoxy-N, N-dimethylpropionamide and dimethyl sulfoxide.
- the content of the solvent corresponding to the amides is preferably 10 to 90% by mass, more preferably 30 to 70% by mass, based on the total mass of the solvent.
- the content of the solvent corresponding to the sulfoxides is preferably 10 to 90% by mass, more preferably 30 to 70% by mass, based on the total mass of the solvent.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention has at least one selected from solvents having a boiling point of 160 ° C. or higher at 1 atm and a boiling point of 160 at 1 atm from the viewpoint of making it possible to form a thick resin film. It preferably contains at least one selected from solvents below ° C.
- Solvents having a boiling point of 160 ° C or higher at 1 atm include ⁇ -butyrolactone (204 ° C), dimethyl sulfoxide (189 ° C), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (202 ° C), 3-butoxy-N, N-dimethyl. Propionamide (215 ° C.) and the like can be mentioned. Examples of the solvent having a boiling point of less than 160 ° C.
- the content of the solvent having a boiling point of 160 ° C. or higher at 1 atm is preferably 10 to 90% by mass, more preferably 30 to 70% by mass, based on the total mass of the solvent.
- the content of the solvent having a boiling point of less than 160 ° C. at 1 atm is preferably 10 to 90% by mass, more preferably 30 to 70% by mass, based on the total mass of the solvent.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention contains at least two selected from an aprotic solvent, or at least one selected from an aprotic solvent and at least one selected from a protic solvent. It is preferable to include seeds. It is considered that when the curable resin composition of the present invention contains a protonic solvent, the film thickness uniformity is improved when the curable resin composition contains a compound having a salt structure such as an onium salt described later.
- the aprotic solvent include ⁇ -butyrolactone, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 3-butoxy-N, N-dimethylpropionamide, cyclopentanone, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate and the like.
- the protic solvent examples include ethyl lactate.
- the content of the aprotic solvent is preferably 10% by mass or more, more preferably 20% by mass or more, and further preferably 30% by mass or more, based on the total mass of the solvent. It is preferably 40% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 40% by mass or more.
- the upper limit of the content is preferably 90% by mass or less, more preferably 80% by mass or less, and further preferably 70% by mass or less.
- the content of the protonic solvent is preferably 10% by mass or more, more preferably 20% by mass or more, still more preferably 30% by mass or more, based on the total mass of the solvent. ..
- the upper limit of the content is preferably 90% by mass or less, more preferably 80% by mass or less, further preferably 70% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 60% by mass or less. Further, it is also one of the preferable embodiments that the aprotic solvent is contained in an amount of 10 to 90% by mass and the protonic solvent is contained in an amount of 10 to 90% by mass with respect to the total mass of the solvent. In the above embodiment, it is preferable that the aprotic solvent is contained in an amount of 20 to 80% by mass and the protic solvent is contained in an amount of 20 to 80% by mass, and the aprotic solvent is contained in an amount of 40 to 80% by mass and the protic solvent is contained. It is more preferable to contain 20 to 60% by mass.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention is selected from at least one selected from solvents having a molecular weight of 90 or more and a solvent having a molecular weight of less than 90 from the viewpoint of making it possible to form a thick resin film. It is preferable to include at least one of them.
- the content of the solvent having a molecular weight of 90 or more is preferably 10 to 90% by mass, more preferably 30 to 70% by mass, based on the total mass of the solvent.
- the content of the solvent having a molecular weight of less than 90 is preferably 10 to 90% by mass, more preferably 30 to 70% by mass, based on the total mass of the solvent.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention includes at least one selected from solvents having an SP value of 21.4 MPa or more and a solvent having an SP value of less than 21.4 MPa from the viewpoint of film thickness uniformity. It is preferable to include at least one selected from. Solvents having an SP value of 21.4 MPa or more include ⁇ -butyrolactone (26.3 MPa), dimethyl sulfoxide (29.7 MPa), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (23.1 MPa), 3-butoxy-N, N. -Dimethylpropionamide (21.5 MPa) and the like can be mentioned.
- the solvent having an SP value of less than 21.4 MPa examples include cyclopentanone (21.3 MPa), ethyl lactate (20.5 MPa), propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (23.1 MPa) and the like.
- the temperature in parentheses indicates the SP value of each solvent.
- the content of the solvent having an SP value of 21.4 MPa or more is preferably 10 to 90% by mass, more preferably 30 to 70% by mass, based on the total mass of the solvent.
- the content of the solvent having an SP value of less than 21.4 MPa is preferably 10 to 90% by mass, more preferably 30 to 70% by mass, based on the total mass of the solvent.
- a solvent having an SP value higher than the SP value of the solute for example, a specific resin described later
- a solvent having an SP value lower than the SP value of the solute should be used in combination. Is also preferable.
- the difference in SP value between the solvent having the highest SP value and the solvent having the lowest SP value in the solvent contained in the curable resin composition of the present invention is 0.2. It is preferably about 11.5 MPa, more preferably 1.5 to 10.0 MPa. According to such an aspect, it is considered that the solubility of various solutes contained in the curable resin composition can be improved, so that the film thickness uniformity is likely to be excellent.
- the SP value means the value of the solubility parameter.
- the SP value in the present invention is the Hansen solubility parameter according to the formula explained in Hansen Solubility Parameter: A User's Handbook, Second Edition, CMHansen (2007), Taylor and Francis Group, LLC (HSPiP Manual). Specifically, the SP value is calculated by the following formula using the "Practical Hansen solubility parameter HSPiP 3rd edition” (software version 4.0.05).
- (SP value) 2 ( ⁇ Hd) 2 + ( ⁇ Hp) 2 + ( ⁇ Hh) 2 Hd: Dispersion contribution Hp: Polarity contribution Hh: Hydrogen bond contribution
- the curable resin composition of the present invention contains at least one solvent selected from the following group A and at least one solvent selected from the following group B, or contains the following group A. And at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of group B and at least one solvent selected from the following group C are preferably contained.
- Group A Dimethyl sulfoxide
- Group B N-methyl2-pyrrolidone, 3-butoxy-N, N-dimethylpropionamide
- Group C ⁇ -butyrolactone, cyclopentanone, ethyl lactate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate
- the above group C is the following group C. 'Is more preferable.
- Group C' Cyclopentanone, Ethyl Lactate, Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether Acetate
- the solvent contains dimethyl sulfoxide and ethyl lactate, and the content of ethyl lactate with respect to the total mass of the solvent is 40% by mass or more. Aspects can be mentioned.
- the content of the ethyl lactate is preferably 40 to 80% by mass, more preferably 45 to 60% by mass.
- the content of ⁇ -butyrolactone with respect to the total mass of the solvent is preferably 40% by mass or less, more preferably 30% by mass or less, still more preferably 20% by mass or less. It is particularly preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or less, and most preferably 1% by mass or less.
- the lower limit of the content is not particularly limited, and may be 0% by mass or more.
- the total content of dimethyl sulfoxide and ethyl lactate with respect to the total mass of the solvent is preferably 60% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, and more preferably 80% by mass or more. More preferably, it is more preferably 90% by mass or more, further preferably 95% by mass or more, and most preferably 99% by mass or more.
- the upper limit of the total content is not particularly limited and may be 100% by mass.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention preferably contains a solvent having a nitrogen atom in the structure as a solvent, and more preferably contains a solvent having a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic structure.
- the solvent having a nitrogen atom in the structure include the above-mentioned amides.
- the compound having the above-mentioned lactam structure is preferable, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is more preferable.
- the content of the solvent having a nitrogen atom in the above structure is preferably 20 to 80% by mass, more preferably 30 to 70% by mass, and 40 to 60% by mass with respect to the total mass of the solvent. Is more preferable.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention preferably contains a solvent having an ether bond as the solvent.
- the solvent having an ether bond include the above-mentioned ethers and compounds having an ether bond and an amide bond in the structure of the above-mentioned amides.
- the content of the solvent having an ether bond is preferably 20 to 80% by mass, more preferably 30 to 70% by mass, and 40 to 60% by mass with respect to the total mass of the solvent. Is more preferable.
- the content of the solvent having the second highest content is preferably 20% by mass or more with respect to the total mass of the solvent.
- the content is preferably 25% by mass or more, more preferably 30% by mass or more, and may be 40% by mass or more.
- N-methylpyrrolidone is contained in an amount of 40% by mass
- dimethyl sulfoxide is contained in an amount of 40% by mass
- cyclopentanone is contained in an amount of 20% by mass
- the content of the solvent having the second highest content is 40% by mass. %.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention preferably has a water content of 5% by mass or less based on the total mass of the solvent from the viewpoints of suppressing coating defects during coating and improving storage stability. ..
- the content of the water is preferably 3% by mass or less, more preferably 1% by mass or less, and further preferably 0.1% by mass or less. Moreover, the content of the said water may be 0 mass%.
- the total content of the solvent is preferably such that the total solid content concentration of the curable resin composition of the present invention is 5 to 80% by mass, and is preferably 5 to 75% by mass. It is more preferably 10 to 70% by mass, further preferably 20 to 70% by mass, and even more preferably 40 to 70% by mass. preferable.
- the solvent content may be adjusted according to the desired thickness and coating method.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention may contain only two kinds of solvents, or may contain three or more kinds of solvents.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention contains at least one resin (specific resin) selected from the group consisting of polyimide, polyimide precursor, polybenzoxazole and polybenzoxazole precursor.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention preferably contains a polyimide or a polyimide precursor as the specific resin, and more preferably contains a polyimide precursor.
- the specific resin preferably has a radically polymerizable group.
- the curable resin composition preferably contains a photoradical polymerization initiator described later as a photosensitizer, contains a photoradical polymerization initiator described below as a photosensitizer, and is described later.
- the radical cross-linking agent described above it is more preferable to contain the radical cross-linking agent described above, and it is further preferable to contain the photoradical polymerization initiator described below as the photosensitizer, the radical cross-linking agent described below, and the sensitizer described below.
- a curable resin composition for example, a negative type photosensitive layer is formed.
- the specific resin may have a polarity converting group such as an acid-decomposable group.
- the curable resin composition preferably contains a photoacid generator described later as a photosensitizer. From such a curable resin composition, for example, a chemically amplified positive type photosensitive layer or a negative type photosensitive layer is formed.
- polyimide precursor The type of the polyimide precursor used in the present invention is not particularly specified, but it is preferable that the polyimide precursor contains a repeating unit represented by the following formula (2). Equation (2) In formula (2), A 1 and A 2 independently represent an oxygen atom or NH, R 111 represents a divalent organic group, R 115 represents a tetravalent organic group, and R 113. And R 114 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- a 1 and A 2 in the formula (2) independently represent an oxygen atom or NH, and an oxygen atom is preferable.
- R 111 in the formula (2) represents a divalent organic group.
- the divalent organic group include a linear or branched aliphatic group, a cyclic aliphatic group and a group containing an aromatic group, and a linear or branched aliphatic group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms and a carbon number of carbon atoms.
- a cyclic aliphatic group of 6 to 20, an aromatic group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or a group composed of a combination thereof is preferable, and a group containing an aromatic group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- a group represented by -Ar-L-Ar- is exemplified.
- Ar is an aromatic group independently
- L is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a fluorine atom, —O—, ⁇ CO ⁇ , —S—. , -SO 2- or -NHCO-, or a group consisting of a combination of two or more of the above.
- R 111 is preferably derived from diamine.
- the diamine used for producing the polyimide precursor include linear or branched aliphatic, cyclic aliphatic or aromatic diamines. Only one kind of diamine may be used, or two or more kinds of diamines may be used. Specifically, a linear or branched aliphatic group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a cyclic aliphatic group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or a group consisting of a combination thereof. It is preferably a diamine containing, and more preferably a diamine containing a group consisting of an aromatic group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms. Examples of groups containing aromatic groups include:
- * represents the binding site with other structures.
- diamine examples include 1,2-diaminoethane, 1,2-diaminopropane, 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,4-diaminobutane and 1,6-diaminohexane; 1,2- or 1 , 3-Diaminocyclopentane, 1,2-, 1,3- or 1,4-diaminocyclohexane, 1,2-, 1,3- or 1,4-bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane, bis- (4-) Aminocyclohexyl) methane, bis- (3-aminocyclohexyl) methane, 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-dimethylcyclohexylmethane and isophoronediamine; m- or p-phenylenediamine, diaminotoluene, 4,4'- Or 3,3'-diaminobiphenyl, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl;
- diamines (DA-1) to (DA-18) described in paragraphs 0030 to 0031 of International Publication No. 2017/0385898 are also preferable.
- a diamine having two or more alkylene glycol units in the main chain described in paragraphs 0032 to 0034 of International Publication No. 2017/0385898 is also preferably used.
- R 111 is preferably represented by —Ar—L—Ar— from the viewpoint of the flexibility of the obtained organic film.
- Ar is an aromatic group independently
- L is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a fluorine atom, —O—, ⁇ CO ⁇ , —S—. , -SO 2- or -NHCO-, or a group consisting of a combination of two or more of the above.
- Ar is a phenylene group is preferably, L is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having a fluorine atom in 1 carbon atoms which may be substituted or 2, -O -, - CO - , - S- or -SO 2 - is preferred .
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon group here is preferably an alkylene group.
- R 111 is preferably a divalent organic group represented by the following formula (51) or formula (61) from the viewpoint of i-ray transmittance.
- a divalent organic group represented by the formula (61) is more preferable.
- Equation (51) In formula (51), R 50 to R 57 are independently hydrogen atoms, fluorine atoms or monovalent organic groups, and at least one of R 50 to R 57 is a fluorine atom, a methyl group or trifluoro. It is a methyl group, and each of * independently represents a bond site with a nitrogen atom in the formula (2).
- the monovalent organic group of R 50 to R 57 includes an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms) and 1 to 10 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms). Examples thereof include an alkyl fluoride group.
- R 58 and R 59 are independently fluorine atoms or trifluoromethyl groups, respectively.
- Examples of the diamine compound giving the structure of the formula (51) or (61) include 2,2'-dimethylbenzidine, 2,2'-bis (trifluoromethyl) -4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 2,2'-. Examples thereof include bis (fluoro) -4,4'-diaminobiphenyl and 4,4'-diaminooctafluorobiphenyl. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- diamines can also be preferably used.
- R 115 in the formula (2) represents a tetravalent organic group.
- a tetravalent organic group containing an aromatic ring is preferable, and a group represented by the following formula (5) or formula (6) is more preferable.
- * independently represents a binding site with another structure.
- R 112 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may be replaced with a single bond or a fluorine atom, —O—, —CO ⁇ , —S—, —SO.
- 2- , -NHCO-, and a group selected from a combination thereof are preferable, and a single bond, an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a fluorine atom, -O-,- More preferably, it is a group selected from CO-, -S- and -SO 2- , -CH 2- , -C (CF 3 ) 2- , -C (CH 3 ) 2- , -O-, More preferably, it is a divalent group selected from the group consisting of -CO-, -S- and -SO 2-.
- R 115 include tetracarboxylic acid residues remaining after removal of the anhydride group from the tetracarboxylic dianhydride. Only one type of tetracarboxylic dianhydride may be used, or two or more types may be used.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride is preferably represented by the following formula (O).
- R 115 represents a tetravalent organic group.
- a preferred range of R 115 has the same meaning as R 115 in formula (2), and preferred ranges are also the same.
- tetracarboxylic dianhydride examples include pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), 3,3', 4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3', 4,4'-.
- PMDA pyromellitic dianhydride
- 3,3', 4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride 3,3', 4,4'-.
- tetracarboxylic dianhydrides (DAA-1) to (DAA-5) described in paragraph 0038 of International Publication No. 2017/038598 are also mentioned as preferable examples.
- R 111 and R 115 has an OH group. More specifically, as R 111 , a residue of a bisaminophenol derivative can be mentioned.
- R 113 and R 114 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group, preferably containing a linear or branched alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, an aromatic group, or a polyalkyleneoxy group, respectively. It is more preferable to contain an alkyleneoxy group. Further, it is preferable that at least one of R 113 and R 114 contains a polymerizable group, and it is more preferable that both contain a polymerizable group. As the polymerizable group, a radically polymerizable group is preferable because it is a group capable of undergoing a cross-linking reaction by the action of heat, radicals and the like.
- the polymerizable group examples include a group having an ethylenically unsaturated bond, an alkoxymethyl group, a hydroxymethyl group, an acyloxymethyl group, an epoxy group, an oxetanyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a blocked isocyanate group, a methylol group and an amino.
- the group is mentioned.
- a group having an ethylenically unsaturated bond is preferable.
- Examples of the group having an ethylenically unsaturated bond include a vinyl group, a (meth) allyl group, a group represented by the following formula (III), and the like, and a group represented by the following formula (III) is preferable.
- R200 represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group or a methylol group, and a hydrogen atom or a methyl group is preferable.
- * represents a binding site with another structure.
- R 201 represents an alkylene group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, -CH 2 CH (OH) CH 2- or a polyalkyleneoxy group. Examples of suitable R 201 are ethylene group, propylene group, trimethylene group, tetramethylene group, 1,2-butandyl group, 1,3-butandyl group, pentamethylene group, hexamethylene group, octamethylene group, dodecamethylene group.
- alkylene group -CH 2 CH (OH) CH 2-
- polyalkyleneoxy group ethylene group, propylene group, trimethylene group, -CH 2 CH (OH) CH 2- , polyalkyleneoxy group, etc.
- a polyalkyleneoxy group is more preferred.
- the polyalkyleneoxy group refers to a group in which two or more alkyleneoxy groups are directly bonded.
- the alkylene groups in the plurality of alkyleneoxy groups contained in the polyalkyleneoxy group may be the same or different.
- the sequence of the alkyleneoxy groups in the polyalkyleneoxy group may be a random sequence or a sequence having a block. It may be an array having a pattern such as alternating.
- the carbon number of the alkylene group (including the carbon number of the substituent when the alkylene group has a substituent) is preferably 2 or more, more preferably 2 to 10, and 2 to 6. Is more preferable, 2 to 5 is more preferable, 2 to 4 is more preferable, 2 or 3 is particularly preferable, and 2 is most preferable.
- the said alkylene group may have a substituent.
- Preferred substituents include alkyl groups, aryl groups, halogen atoms and the like.
- the number of alkyleneoxy groups contained in the polyalkyleneoxy group is preferably 2 to 20, more preferably 2 to 10, and even more preferably 2 to 6.
- the polyalkyleneoxy group includes a polyethyleneoxy group, a polypropyleneoxy group, a polytrimethyleneoxy group, a polytetramethyleneoxy group, or a plurality of ethyleneoxy groups and a plurality of propylenes from the viewpoint of solvent solubility and solvent resistance.
- a group in which an oxy group is bonded is preferable, a polyethyleneoxy group or a polypropyleneoxy group is more preferable, and a polyethyleneoxy group is further preferable.
- the ethyleneoxy groups and the propyleneoxy groups may be randomly arranged or may be arranged by forming a block. , Alternate or the like may be arranged in a pattern. The preferred embodiment of the number of repetitions of the ethyleneoxy group and the like in these groups is as described above.
- R 113 and R 114 are independently hydrogen atoms or monovalent organic groups.
- the monovalent organic group include an aromatic group and an aralkyl group in which an acidic group is bonded to one, two or three carbons constituting the aryl group, preferably one.
- Specific examples thereof include an aromatic group having an acidic group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms and an aralkyl group having an acidic group having 7 to 25 carbon atoms. More specifically, a phenyl group having an acidic group and a benzyl group having an acidic group can be mentioned.
- the acidic group is preferably an OH group. It is also more preferable that R 113 or R 114 is a hydrogen atom, a 2-hydroxybenzyl group, a 3-hydroxybenzyl group and a 4-hydroxybenzyl group.
- R 113 or R 114 is preferably a monovalent organic group.
- the monovalent organic group preferably contains a linear or branched alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, or an aromatic group, and an alkyl group substituted with an aromatic group is more preferable.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group may be linear, branched or cyclic.
- linear or branched alkyl group examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, a nonyl group, a decyl group, a dodecyl group, a tetradecyl group and an octadecyl group.
- Isobutyl group isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, t-butyl group, 1-ethylpentyl group, 2-ethylhexyl group 2- (2- (2-methoxyethoxy) ethoxy) ethoxy group, 2- (2- (2) -Ethoxyethoxy) ethoxy) ethoxy) ethoxy group, 2- (2- (2- (2-methoxyethoxy) ethoxy) ethoxy) ethoxy group, and 2- (2- (2- (2- (2-ethoxyethoxy) ethoxy) ethoxy) Ethoxy group is mentioned.
- the cyclic alkyl group may be a monocyclic cyclic alkyl group or a polycyclic cyclic alkyl group.
- Examples of the monocyclic cyclic alkyl group include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group and a cyclooctyl group.
- Examples of the polycyclic cyclic alkyl group include an adamantyl group, a norbornyl group, a bornyl group, a phenyl group, a decahydronaphthyl group, a tricyclodecanyl group, a tetracyclodecanyl group, a camphoroyl group, a dicyclohexyl group and a pinenyl group. Can be mentioned. Of these, the cyclohexyl group is most preferable from the viewpoint of achieving both high sensitivity. Further, as the alkyl group substituted with an aromatic group, a linear alkyl group substituted with an aromatic group described later is preferable.
- aromatic group examples include substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring, naphthalene ring, pentalene ring, inden ring, azulene ring, heptalene ring, indacene ring, perylene ring, pentacene ring, acenaphthene ring, phenanthrene ring, and anthracene.
- the benzene ring is most preferable.
- R 113 is a hydrogen atom or R 114 is a hydrogen atom
- R 113 is a hydrogen atom
- R 114 is a hydrogen atom
- the polyimide precursor forms a salt with a tertiary amine compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond.
- the tertiary amine compound having such an ethylenically unsaturated bond include N, N-dimethylaminopropyl methacrylate.
- At least one of R 113 and R 114 may be a polar converting group such as an acid-degradable group.
- the acid-degradable group is not particularly limited as long as it is decomposed by the action of an acid to produce an alkali-soluble group such as a phenolic hydroxy group or a carboxy group, but is not particularly limited, but is an acetal group, a ketal group, a silyl group, or a silyl ether group.
- a tertiary alkyl ester group or the like is preferable, and an acetal group is more preferable from the viewpoint of exposure sensitivity.
- the acid-degradable group examples include tert-butoxycarbonyl group, isopropoxycarbonyl group, tetrahydropyranyl group, tetrahydrofuranyl group, ethoxyethyl group, methoxyethyl group, ethoxymethyl group, trimethylsilyl group and tert-butoxycarbonylmethyl.
- examples include a group, a trimethylsilyl ether group and the like. From the viewpoint of exposure sensitivity, an ethoxyethyl group or a tetrahydrofuranyl group is preferable.
- the polyimide precursor has a fluorine atom in its structure.
- the fluorine atom content in the polyimide precursor is preferably 10% by mass or more, and preferably 20% by mass or less.
- the polyimide precursor may be copolymerized with an aliphatic group having a siloxane structure.
- the diamine component include bis (3-aminopropyl) tetramethyldisiloxane and bis (p-aminophenyl) octamethylpentasiloxane.
- the repeating unit represented by the formula (2) is preferably the repeating unit represented by the formula (2-A). That is, it is preferable that at least one of the polyimide precursors used in the present invention is a precursor having a repeating unit represented by the formula (2-A). With such a structure, the width of the exposure latitude can be further widened. Equation (2-A)
- a 1 and A 2 represent oxygen atoms
- R 111 and R 112 each independently represent a divalent organic group
- R 113 and R 114 each independently. It represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group
- at least one of R 113 and R 114 is a group containing a polymerizable group, and it is preferable that both are groups containing a polymerizable group.
- a 1, A 2, R 111 , R 113 and R 114 each independently have the same meaning as A 1, A 2, R 111 , R 113 and R 114 in formula (2), and preferred ranges are also the same .
- R 112 has the same meaning as R 112 in formula (5), and preferred ranges are also the same.
- the polyimide precursor may contain one type of repeating unit represented by the formula (2), but may contain two or more types. Further, it may contain a structural isomer of a repeating unit represented by the formula (2). Needless to say, the polyimide precursor may contain other types of repeating units in addition to the repeating unit of the above formula (2).
- polyimide precursor in the present invention a polyimide precursor in which 50 mol% or more of all repeating units, further 70 mol% or more, particularly 90 mol% or more is a repeating unit represented by the formula (2) is used. Illustrated.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polyimide precursor is preferably 18,000 to 30,000, more preferably 20,000 to 27,000, and even more preferably 22,000 to 25,000.
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) is preferably 7,200 to 14,000, more preferably 8,000 to 12,000, and even more preferably 9,200 to 11,200.
- the degree of dispersion of the molecular weight of the polyimide precursor is preferably 2.5 or more, more preferably 2.7 or more, and further preferably 2.8 or more.
- the upper limit of the dispersity of the molecular weight of the polyimide precursor is not particularly defined, but for example, 4.5 or less is preferable, 4.0 or less is more preferable, 3.8 or less is further preferable, and 3.2 or less is further preferable. Preferably, 3.1 or less is even more preferable, 3.0 or less is even more preferable, and 2.95 or less is particularly preferable.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is preferably 5,000 to 100,000, more preferably 10,000 to 50,000, and even more preferably 15,000 to 40,000. Is.
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) is preferably 2,000 to 40,000, more preferably 3,000 to 30,000, and even more preferably 4,000 to 20,000.
- the degree of dispersion of the molecular weight of the polyimide precursor is preferably 1.8 or more, more preferably 2.0 or more, and further preferably 2.2 or more.
- the upper limit of the dispersity of the molecular weight of the polyimide precursor is not particularly determined, but for example, 7.0 or less is preferable, 6.5 or less is more preferable, and 6.0 or less is further preferable.
- the degree of molecular weight dispersion is a value calculated by weight average molecular weight / number average molecular weight.
- the polyimide used in the present invention may be an alkali-soluble polyimide or a polyimide that is soluble in a developing solution containing an organic solvent as a main component.
- the alkali-soluble polyimide means a polyimide that dissolves 0.1 g or more at 23 ° C. in 100 g of a 2.38 mass% tetramethylammonium aqueous solution, and 0.5 g or more from the viewpoint of pattern forming property.
- a polyimide that dissolves is preferable, and a polyimide that dissolves 1.0 g or more is more preferable.
- the upper limit of the dissolution amount is not particularly limited, but is preferably 100 g or less.
- the polyimide is preferably a polyimide having a plurality of imide structures in the main chain from the viewpoint of the film strength and the insulating property of the obtained organic film.
- the "main chain” refers to the relatively longest binding chain among the molecules of the polymer compound constituting the resin, and the “side chain” refers to other binding chains.
- the polyimide preferably has a fluorine atom.
- the fluorine atom is preferably contained in, for example, R 132 in the repeating unit represented by the formula (4) described later, or R 131 in the repeating unit represented by the formula (4) described later, and is preferably contained in the formula (4) described later. It is more preferable that R 132 in the repeating unit represented by 4) or R 131 in the repeating unit represented by the formula (4) described later is contained as an alkyl fluoride group.
- the amount of fluorine atoms with respect to the total mass of the polyimide is preferably 1 to 50 mol / g, and more preferably 5 to 30 mol / g.
- the polyimide preferably has a silicon atom.
- the silicon atom is preferably contained in R 131 in the repeating unit represented by the formula (4) described later, and is organically modified (poly ) in R 131 in the repeating unit represented by the formula (4) described later. ) It is more preferable that it is contained as a siloxane structure. Further, the silicon atom or the organically modified (poly) siloxane structure may be contained in the side chain of the polyimide, but is preferably contained in the main chain of the polyimide.
- the amount of silicon atoms with respect to the total mass of the polyimide is preferably 0.01 to 5 mol / g, more preferably 0.05 to 1 mol / g.
- the polyimide preferably has an ethylenically unsaturated bond.
- the polyimide may have an ethylenically unsaturated bond at the end of the main chain or at the side chain, but it is preferably provided at the side chain.
- the ethylenically unsaturated bond preferably has radical polymerization property.
- the ethylenically unsaturated bond is preferably contained in R 132 in the repeating unit represented by the formula (4) described later or R 131 in the repeating unit represented by the formula (4) described later, and is preferably contained in the formula described later.
- R 132 in the repeating unit represented by (4) or R 131 in the repeating unit represented by the formula (4) described later is contained as a group having an ethylenically unsaturated bond.
- ethylenically unsaturated bond ethylene R 131 in the repeating unit represented by the preferably contained in R 131 in the repeating unit represented by the formula (4) described later, which will be described later Equation (4) It is more preferably contained as a group having a sex unsaturated bond.
- Examples of the group having an ethylenically unsaturated bond include a group having a vinyl group which may be substituted, which is directly bonded to an aromatic ring such as a vinyl group, an allyl group and a vinylphenyl group, a (meth) acrylamide group, and a (meth) group.
- Examples thereof include an acryloyloxy group and a group represented by the following formula (IV).
- R 20 represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group or a methylol group, a hydrogen atom or a methyl group is preferable.
- a (poly) alkyleneoxy group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms the alkylene group preferably has 2 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2 or 3; the number of repetitions is preferably 1 to 12 and 1 ⁇ 6 is more preferable, and 1 to 3 are particularly preferable), or a group in which two or more of these are combined is represented.
- R 21 is preferably a group represented by any of the following formulas (R1) to (R3), and more preferably a group represented by the formula (R1).
- L represents a single bond, an alkylene group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, a (poly) alkyleneoxy group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, or a group in which two or more of these are bonded
- X Indicates an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom
- * represents a bond site with another structure
- ⁇ represents a bond site with an oxygen atom to which R 201 in the formula (III) is bonded.
- a preferred embodiment of the alkylene group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms in L or the (poly) alkyleneoxy group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms is the above-mentioned R 21 having 2 to 12 carbon atoms. This is the same as the preferred embodiment of 12 alkylene groups or (poly) alkyleneoxy groups having 2 to 30 carbon atoms.
- X is preferably an oxygen atom.
- * is synonymous with * in formula (IV), and the preferred embodiment is also the same.
- the structure represented by the formula (R1) comprises, for example, a polyimide having a hydroxy group such as a phenolic hydroxy group and a compound having an isocyanato group and an ethylenically unsaturated bond (for example, 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate). Obtained by reacting.
- the structure represented by the formula (R2) is obtained, for example, by reacting a polyimide having a carboxy group with a compound having a hydroxy group and an ethylenically unsaturated bond (for example, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate).
- the structure represented by the formula (R3) is obtained by reacting, for example, a polyimide having a hydroxy group such as a phenolic hydroxy group with a compound having a glycidyl group and an ethylenically unsaturated bond (for example, glycidyl methacrylate). can get.
- * represents a binding site with another structure, and is preferably a binding site with the main chain of polyimide.
- the amount of the ethylenically unsaturated bond with respect to the total mass of the polyimide is preferably 0.05 to 10 mol / g, more preferably 0.1 to 5 mol / g.
- the polyimide may have a crosslinkable group other than the ethylenically unsaturated bond.
- the crosslinkable group other than the ethylenically unsaturated bond include a cyclic ether group such as an epoxy group and an oxetanyl group, an alkoxymethyl group such as a methoxymethyl group, and a methylol group.
- the crosslinkable group other than the ethylenically unsaturated bond is preferably contained in R 131 in the repeating unit represented by the formula (4) described later, for example.
- the amount of the crosslinkable group other than the ethylenically unsaturated bond with respect to the total mass of the polyimide is preferably 0.05 to 10 mol / g, more preferably 0.1 to 5 mol / g.
- the polyimide may have a polarity converting group such as an acid-decomposable group.
- the acid-decomposable group in the polyimide is the same as the acid-decomposable group described in R 113 and R 114 in the above formula (2), and the preferred embodiment is also the same.
- the acid value of the polyimide is preferably 30 mgKOH / g or more, more preferably 50 mgKOH / g or more, and 70 mgKOH / g or more from the viewpoint of improving the developability. Is more preferable.
- the acid value is preferably 500 mgKOH / g or less, more preferably 400 mgKOH / g or less, and even more preferably 200 mgKOH / g or less.
- the acid value of the polyimide is preferably 2 to 35 mgKOH / g, and 3 to 30 mgKOH. / G is more preferable, and 5 to 20 mgKOH / g is even more preferable.
- the acid value is measured by a known method, for example, by the method described in JIS K 0070: 1992.
- an acid group having a pKa of 0 to 10 is preferable, and an acid group having a pKa of 3 to 8 is more preferable, from the viewpoint of achieving both storage stability and developability.
- the pKa is a dissociation reaction in which hydrogen ions are released from an acid, and its equilibrium constant Ka is expressed by its negative common logarithm pKa.
- pKa is a value calculated by ACD / ChemSketch (registered trademark) unless otherwise specified. Alternatively, the values published in "Revised 5th Edition Chemistry Handbook Basics" edited by the Chemical Society of Japan may be referred to.
- the acid group is a polyvalent acid such as phosphoric acid
- pKa is the first dissociation constant.
- the polyimide preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of a carboxy group and a phenolic hydroxy group, and more preferably contains a phenolic hydroxy group.
- the polyimide preferably has a phenolic hydroxy group.
- the polyimide may have a phenolic hydroxy group at the end of the main chain or at the side chain.
- the phenolic hydroxy group is preferably contained in, for example, R 132 in the repeating unit represented by the formula (4) described later, or R 131 in the repeating unit represented by the formula (4) described later.
- the amount of the phenolic hydroxy group with respect to the total mass of the polyimide is preferably 0.1 to 30 mol / g, and more preferably 1 to 20 mol / g.
- the polyimide used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a polymer compound having an imide ring, but preferably contains a repeating unit represented by the following formula (4), and is represented by the formula (4). More preferably, it is a compound containing a repeating unit and having a polymerizable group.
- Equation (4) In formula (4), R 131 represents a divalent organic group and R 132 represents a tetravalent organic group. When having a polymerizable group, the polymerizable group may be located at at least one of R 131 and R 132 , or may be located at the end of the polyimide as shown in the following formula (4-1) or formula (4-2). It may be located in.
- Equation (4-1) In formula (4-1), R133 is a polymerizable group, and the other groups are synonymous with formula (4). Equation (4-2) At least one of R 134 and R 135 is a polymerizable group, and if it is not a polymerizable group, it is an organic group, and the other group is synonymous with the formula (4).
- the polymerizable group has the same meaning as the polymerizable group described in the above-mentioned polymerizable group possessed by the polyimide precursor and the like.
- R 131 represents a divalent organic group. Examples of the divalent organic group include those similar to R 111 in the formula (2), and the preferred range is also the same. Further, as R 131 , a diamine residue remaining after removal of the amino group of diamine can be mentioned. Examples of the diamine include aliphatic, cyclic aliphatic or aromatic diamines. Specific examples include the example of R 111 in the formula (2) of the polyimide precursor.
- R 131 is a diamine residue having at least two alkylene glycol units in the main chain from the viewpoint of more effectively suppressing the occurrence of warpage during firing. More preferably, it is a diamine residue containing two or more ethylene glycol chains, one or both of propylene glycol chains in one molecule, and more preferably, the above diamine residue, which does not contain an aromatic ring. It is a residue.
- diamines containing two or more ethylene glycol chains and / or both of propylene glycol chains in one molecule include Jeffamine® KH-511, ED-600, ED-900, ED-2003, and EDR. -148, EDR-176, D-200, D-400, D-2000, D-4000 (trade name, manufactured by HUNTSMAN Co., Ltd.), 1- (2- (2- (2-aminopropoxy) ethoxy) Examples thereof include, but are not limited to, propoxy) propane-2-amine and 1- (1- (1- (2-aminopropoxy) propan-2-yl) oxy) propan-2-amine.
- R 132 represents a tetravalent organic group.
- examples of the tetravalent organic group include those similar to R 115 in the formula (2), and the preferred range is also the same.
- R 132 includes a tetracarboxylic acid residue remaining after removal of an anhydride group from the tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
- Specific examples include an example of R 115 in the polyimide precursor formula (2).
- R 132 is preferably an aromatic diamine residue having 1 to 4 aromatic rings.
- R 131 and R 132 has an OH group. More specifically, as R 131 , 2,2-bis (3-hydroxy-4-aminophenyl) propane, 2,2-bis (3-hydroxy-4-aminophenyl) hexafluoropropane, 2,2- Bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, 2,2-bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane, and the above (DA-1) to (DA-18) are preferable examples. As R 132 , the above (DAA-1) to (DAA-5) are more preferable examples.
- the polyimide has a fluorine atom in its structure.
- the content of fluorine atoms in the polyimide is preferably 10% by mass or more, and preferably 20% by mass or less.
- the polyimide may be copolymerized with an aliphatic group having a siloxane structure.
- the diamine component include bis (3-aminopropyl) tetramethyldisiloxane and bis (p-aminophenyl) octamethylpentasiloxane.
- the main chain end of polyimide may be sealed with an end-capping agent such as monoamine, acid anhydride, monocarboxylic acid, monoacid chloride compound or monoactive ester compound.
- an end-capping agent such as monoamine, acid anhydride, monocarboxylic acid, monoacid chloride compound or monoactive ester compound.
- monoamine acid anhydride
- monocarboxylic acid monoacid chloride compound or monoactive ester compound.
- monoactive ester compound preferable.
- monoamine it is more preferable to use monoamine, and preferred compounds of monoamine include aniline, 2-ethynylaniline, 3-ethynylaniline, 4-ethynylaniline, 5-amino-8-hydroxyquinoline, and 1-hydroxy-7.
- the imidization rate (also referred to as "ring closure rate") of the polyimide is preferably 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more, from the viewpoint of the film strength, the insulating property, etc. of the obtained organic film. More preferably, it is 90% or more.
- the upper limit of the imidization rate is not particularly limited, and may be 100% or less.
- the imidization rate is measured by, for example, the following method. The infrared absorption spectrum of the polyimide is measured to determine the peak intensity P1 near 1377 cm -1, which is the absorption peak derived from the imide structure. Next, the polyimide is heat-treated at 350 ° C.
- the polyimide may contain repeating units of the above formula (4), all containing one type of R 131 or R 132 , of the above formula (4) containing two or more different types of R 131 or R 132 . It may include repeating units. Further, the polyimide may contain other types of repeating units in addition to the repeating unit of the above formula (4).
- Polyimide is, for example, a method of reacting a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride with a diamine compound (partially replaced with a terminal encapsulant which is monoamine) at a low temperature, or a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (partly an acid) at a low temperature.
- a polyimide precursor is obtained by using a method such as a method of reacting with an end-capping agent (replaced with an end-capping agent), and the polyimide precursor is completely imidized by using a known imidization reaction method, or an imide in the middle.
- Synthesis using a method of stopping the conversion reaction and introducing a partially imidized structure and further, a method of introducing a partially imidized structure by blending a completely imidized polymer with its polyimide precursor.
- a method of introducing a partially imidized structure by blending a completely imidized polymer with its polyimide precursor.
- Examples of commercially available polyimide products include Durimide (registered trademark) 284 (manufactured by FUJIFILM Corporation) and Matrimide 5218 (manufactured by HUNTSMAN Corporation).
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polyimide is preferably 5,000 to 70,000, more preferably 8,000 to 50,000, still more preferably 10,000 to 30,000. By setting the weight average molecular weight to 5,000 or more, the breakage resistance of the film after curing can be improved. In order to obtain an organic film having excellent mechanical properties, the weight average molecular weight is particularly preferably 20,000 or more. When two or more kinds of polyimides are contained, it is preferable that the weight average molecular weight of at least one kind of polyimide is in the above range. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of chemical resistance, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of polyimide is preferably 5,000 to 100,000, more preferably 10,000 to 50,000, and even more preferably 15,000 to 15,000. It is 40,000.
- the polybenzoxazole precursor used in the present invention is not particularly defined for its structure and the like, but preferably contains a repeating unit represented by the following formula (3).
- Equation (3) R 121 represents a divalent organic group, R 122 represents a tetravalent organic group, and R 123 and R 124 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group. show.
- R 123 and R 124 are synonymous with R 113 in the formula (2), respectively, and the preferable range is also the same. That is, at least one is preferably a polymerizable group.
- R 121 represents a divalent organic group.
- the divalent organic group a group containing at least one of an aliphatic group and an aromatic group is preferable.
- the aliphatic group a linear aliphatic group is preferable.
- R 121 is preferably a dicarboxylic acid residue. Only one type of dicarboxylic acid residue may be used, or two or more types may be used.
- a dicarboxylic acid residue a dicarboxylic acid containing an aliphatic group and a dicarboxylic acid residue containing an aromatic group are preferable, and a dicarboxylic acid residue containing an aromatic group is more preferable.
- a dicarboxylic acid containing an aliphatic group a dicarboxylic acid containing a linear or branched (preferably straight chain) aliphatic group is preferable, and a linear or branched (preferably straight chain) aliphatic group and two -COOH are preferable.
- a dicarboxylic acid composed of is more preferable.
- the number of carbon atoms of the linear or branched (preferably linear) aliphatic group is preferably 2 to 30, more preferably 2 to 25, further preferably 3 to 20, and 4 to 20. It is more preferably 15, and particularly preferably 5 to 10.
- the linear aliphatic group is preferably an alkylene group.
- dicarboxylic acid containing a linear aliphatic group examples include malonic acid, dimethylmalonic acid, ethylmalonic acid, isopropylmalonic acid, di-n-butylmalonic acid, succinic acid, tetrafluorosuccinic acid, methylsuccinic acid, 2, 2-Dimethylsuccinic acid, 2,3-dimethylsuccinic acid, dimethylmethylsuccinic acid, glutaric acid, hexafluoroglutaric acid, 2-methylglutaric acid, 3-methylglutaric acid, 2,2-dimethylglutaric acid, 3,3-Dimethylglutaric acid, 3-ethyl-3-methylglutaric acid, adipic acid, octafluoroadipic acid, 3-methyladipic acid, pimelliic acid, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpimelic acid, suberin Acid, dodecafluorosveric acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, hexa
- Z is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and n is an integer of 1 to 6).
- dicarboxylic acid containing an aromatic group a dicarboxylic acid having the following aromatic groups is preferable, and a dicarboxylic acid consisting of only a group having the following aromatic groups and two -COOH is more preferable.
- A is -CH 2- , -O-, -S-, -SO 2- , -CO-, -NHCO-, -C (CF 3 ) 2- , and -C (CH 3 ) 2- Represents a divalent group selected from the group consisting of, and each independently represents a binding site with another structure.
- dicarboxylic acid containing an aromatic group examples include 4,4'-carbonyldibenzoic acid, 4,4'-dicarboxydiphenyl ether, and terephthalic acid.
- R 122 represents a tetravalent organic group.
- the tetravalent organic group has the same meaning as R 115 in the above formula (2), and the preferable range is also the same.
- R 122 is also preferably a group derived from a bisaminophenol derivative, and examples of the group derived from the bisaminophenol derivative include 3,3'-diamino-4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl, 4,4'.
- bisaminophenol derivatives having the following aromatic groups are preferable.
- X 1 represents -O-, -S-, -C (CF 3 ) 2- , -CH 2- , -SO 2- , -NHCO-, and * and # represent other structures, respectively.
- R represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent, preferably a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group, and more preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group. Further, it is also preferable that R 122 has a structure represented by the above formula.
- any two of the four * and # in total are the binding sites with the nitrogen atom to which R 122 in the formula (3) is bonded, and preferably R 122 in another 2 Exemplary ethynylphenylbiadamantane derivatives (3) is a binding site to the oxygen atom bonding, two * is a bond sites with an oxygen atom R 122 are attached in the formula (3) , And two # are the binding sites with the nitrogen atom to which R 122 in the formula (3) is bound, or two * are the binding sites with the nitrogen atom to which R 122 in the formula (3) is bound.
- the site is a site and the two #s are the binding sites with the oxygen atom to which R 122 in the formula (3) is bonded, and the two * are the oxygen to which the R 122 in the formula (3) is bonded. It is more preferable that the binding site is a binding site with an atom and the two #s are the binding sites with a nitrogen atom to which R 122 in the formula (3) is bonded.
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom, an alkylene, a substituted alkylene, -O-, -S-, -SO 2- , -CO-, -NHCO-, a single bond, or the following formula (A-). It is an organic group selected from the group of sc).
- R 2 is any one of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, and a cyclic alkyl group, and may be the same or different.
- R 3 is any of a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, and a cyclic alkyl group, and may be the same or different.
- R 2 is an alkyl group and R 3 is an alkyl group has high transparency to i-rays and a high cyclization rate when cured at a low temperature. The effect can be maintained, which is preferable.
- R 1 is an alkylene or a substituted alkylene.
- the alkylene and the substituted alkylene according to R 1 include linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, among which -CH 2- and -CH (CH 3 ).
- -, -C (CH 3 ) 2 has sufficient solubility in a solvent while maintaining the effects of high transparency to i-rays and high cyclization rate when cured at low temperature. It is more preferable in that an excellent polybenzoxazole precursor can be obtained.
- the polybenzoxazole precursor may contain other types of repeating units in addition to the repeating unit of the above formula (3). It is preferable to include the diamine residue represented by the following formula (SL) as another type of repeating unit in that the occurrence of warpage due to ring closure can be suppressed.
- SL diamine residue represented by the following formula
- Z has an a structure and a b structure
- R 1s is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms
- R 2s is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- at least one of R 3s, R 4s , R 5s , and R 6s is an aromatic group
- the rest are hydrogen atoms or organic groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, which may be the same or different.
- the polymerization of the a structure and the b structure may be block polymerization or random polymerization.
- the mol% of the Z portion is 5 to 95 mol% for the a structure, 95 to 5 mol% for the b structure, and 100 mol% for a + b.
- preferred Z includes those in which R 5s and R 6s in the b structure are phenyl groups.
- the molecular weight of the structure represented by the formula (SL) is preferably 400 to 4,000, more preferably 500 to 3,000.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride remaining after removal of the anhydride group from the tetracarboxylic dianhydride is further included as the repeating unit.
- examples of such a tetracarboxylic acid residue include the example of R 115 in the formula (2).
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polybenzoxazole precursor is preferably 18,000 to 30,000, more preferably 20,000 to 29,000, and further, when used in the compositions described below. It is preferably 22,000 to 28,000.
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) is preferably 7,200 to 14,000, more preferably 8,000 to 12,000, and even more preferably 9,200 to 11,200.
- the degree of dispersion of the molecular weight of the polybenzoxazole precursor is preferably 1.4 or more, more preferably 1.5 or more, and further preferably 1.6 or more.
- the upper limit of the dispersity of the molecular weight of the polybenzoxazole precursor is not particularly determined, but for example, it is preferably 2.6 or less, more preferably 2.5 or less, further preferably 2.4 or less, and 2.3 or less. Is more preferable, and 2.2 or less is even more preferable.
- the polybenzoxazole is not particularly limited as long as it is a polymer compound having a benzoxazole ring, but is preferably a compound represented by the following formula (X), and a compound represented by the following formula (X). It is more preferable that the compound has a polymerizable group. As the polymerizable group, a radically polymerizable group is preferable. Further, it may be a compound represented by the following formula (X) and having a polarity converting group such as an acid-degradable group. In formula (X), R 133 represents a divalent organic group and R 134 represents a tetravalent organic group.
- the polar converting group such as a polymerizable group or an acid-degradable group may be located at at least one of R 133 and R 134 , and may be located at least one of the following. It may be located at the end of the polybenzoxazole as shown in the formula (X-1) or the formula (X-2). Equation (X-1) In formula (X-1), at least one of R 135 and R 136 is a polar converting group such as a polymerizable group or an acid-degradable group, and is not a polar converting group such as a polymerizable group or an acid-degradable group.
- R 137 is a polar converting group such as a polymerizable group or an acid-degradable group, the other is a substituent, and the other group is synonymous with the formula (X).
- a polar converting group such as a polymerizable group or an acid-degradable group is synonymous with the polymerizable group described in the polymerizable group possessed by the above-mentioned polyimide precursor or the like.
- R 133 represents a divalent organic group.
- the divalent organic group include an aliphatic group and an aromatic group.
- Specific examples include the example of R 121 in the formula (3) of the polybenzoxazole precursor. A preferred example thereof is the same as that of R 121.
- R 134 represents a tetravalent organic group.
- the tetravalent organic group include R 122 in the formula (3) of the polybenzoxazole precursor. A preferred example thereof is the same as that of R 122.
- four conjugates of a tetravalent organic group exemplified as R 122 combine with a nitrogen atom and an oxygen atom in the above formula (X) to form a condensed ring.
- R 134 when R 134 is the following organic group, it forms the following structure.
- Polybenzoxazole preferably has an oxazoleization rate of 85% or more, more preferably 90% or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited and may be 100%.
- the oxazoleization rate is 85% or more, the membrane shrinkage due to ring closure that occurs when oxazoled by heating is reduced, and the occurrence of warpage can be suppressed more effectively.
- the polybenzoxazole may contain repeating units of the above formula (X), all of which contain one R 131 or R 132, and of the above formula (X) containing two or more different types of R 131 or R 132. ) May include repeating units. Further, the polybenzoxazole may contain other types of repeating units in addition to the repeating unit of the above formula (X).
- the resulting polybenzoxazole for example, a bis-aminophenol derivative, a dicarboxylic acid or the dicarboxylic acid containing R 133, is reacted with a compound selected from such dicarboxylic acid dichloride and dicarboxylic acid derivatives, the polybenzoxazole precursor ,
- a compound selected from such dicarboxylic acid dichloride and dicarboxylic acid derivatives the polybenzoxazole precursor .
- This is obtained by oxazole using a known oxazole reaction method.
- an active ester-type dicarboxylic acid derivative obtained by reacting 1-hydroxy-1,2,3-benzotriazole or the like in advance may be used in order to increase the reaction yield or the like.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of polybenzoxazole is preferably 5,000 to 70,000, more preferably 8,000 to 50,000, and even more preferably 10,000 to 30,000. By setting the weight average molecular weight to 5,000 or more, the breakage resistance of the film after curing can be improved. In order to obtain an organic film having excellent mechanical properties, the weight average molecular weight is particularly preferably 20,000 or more. When two or more kinds of polybenzoxazole are contained, it is preferable that the weight average molecular weight of at least one kind of polybenzoxazole is in the above range.
- a polyimide precursor or the like is obtained by reacting a dicarboxylic acid or a dicarboxylic acid derivative with a diamine.
- the dicarboxylic acid or the dicarboxylic acid derivative is obtained by halogenating it with a halogenating agent and then reacting it with a diamine.
- an organic solvent in the reaction.
- the organic solvent may be one kind or two or more kinds.
- the organic solvent can be appropriately determined depending on the raw material, and examples thereof include pyridine, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (diglyme), N-methylpyrrolidone and N-ethylpyrrolidone.
- the polyimide may be produced by synthesizing a polyimide precursor and then cyclizing it by a method such as thermal imidization or chemical imidization (for example, promotion of cyclization reaction by acting a catalyst), or directly. , Polyimide may be synthesized.
- non-halogen catalyst a known amidation catalyst containing no halogen atom can be used without particular limitation.
- a boroxin compound, an N-hydroxy compound, a tertiary amine, a phosphoric acid ester, or an amine can be used.
- carbodiimide compounds such as salts and urea compounds.
- the carbodiimide compound include N, N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide, N, N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and the like.
- the end of the polyimide precursor or the like is used as an end-capping agent such as an acid anhydride, a monocarboxylic acid, a monoacid chloride compound, or a monoactive ester compound. It is preferable to seal. It is more preferable to use monoalcohol, phenol, thiol, thiophenol, and monoamine as the terminal encapsulant.
- Preferred compounds of monoalcohols include primary alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, hexanol, octanol, dodecinol, benzyl alcohol, 2-phenylethanol, 2-methoxyethanol, 2-chloromethanol, flufuryl alcohol, and isopropanol.
- Preferred compounds of phenols include phenol, methoxyphenol, methylphenol, naphthalene-1-ol, naphthalene-2-ol and the like.
- Preferred compounds of monoamine are aniline, 2-ethynylaniline, 3-ethynylaniline, 4-ethynylaniline, 5-amino-8-hydroxyquinoline, 1-hydroxy-7-aminonaphthalene, 1-hydroxy-6-aminonaphthalene.
- encapsulants for amino groups are carboxylic acid anhydrides, carboxylic acid chlorides, carboxylic acid bromides, sulfonic acid chlorides, anhydrous sulfonic acids, sulfonic acid carboxylic acid anhydrides and the like, with carboxylic acid anhydrides and carboxylic acid chlorides being more preferred. preferable.
- Preferred compounds of carboxylic acid anhydrides include acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, oxalic anhydride, succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, benzoic anhydride and the like.
- Preferred compounds of the carboxylic acid chloride include acetyl chloride, acrylic acid chloride, propionyl chloride, methacrylic acid chloride, pivaloyl chloride, cyclohexanecarbonyl chloride, 2-ethylhexanoyl chloride, cinnamoyl chloride, 1-adamantancarbonyl chloride. , Heptafluorobutyryl chloride, stearate chloride, benzoyl chloride, and the like.
- a step of precipitating a solid may be included in the production of the polyimide precursor or the like.
- the polyimide precursor or the like in the reaction solution can be precipitated in water, and the polyimide precursor or the like such as tetrahydrofuran can be dissolved in a soluble solvent to precipitate a solid.
- the polyimide precursor or the like can be dried to obtain a powdery polyimide precursor or the like.
- the content of the specific resin in the composition of the present invention is preferably 20% by mass or more, more preferably 30% by mass or more, and more preferably 40% by mass or more, based on the total solid content of the composition. More preferably, it is more preferably 50% by mass or more.
- the resin content in the composition of the present invention is preferably 99.5% by mass or less, more preferably 99% by mass or less, and 98% by mass or less, based on the total solid content of the composition. It is more preferably 97% by mass or less, and even more preferably 95% by mass or less.
- the composition of the present invention may contain only one type of the specific resin, or may contain two or more types of the specific resin. When two or more kinds are included, the total amount is preferably in the above range.
- the composition of the present invention may contain the above-mentioned specific resin and another resin (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “other resin”) different from the specific resin.
- other resins include polyamide-imide, polyamide-imide precursor, phenol resin, polyamide, epoxy resin, polysiloxane, resin containing a siloxane structure, and acrylic resin.
- acrylic resin by further adding an acrylic resin, a composition having excellent coatability can be obtained, and an organic film having excellent solvent resistance can be obtained.
- the composition is formed by adding an acrylic resin having a weight average molecular weight of 20,000 or less and having a high polymerizable base value to the composition in place of the polymerizable compound described later or in addition to the polymerizable compound described later. It is possible to improve the coatability of an object, the solvent resistance of an organic film, and the like.
- the content of the other resin is preferably 0.01% by mass or more, preferably 0.05% by mass or more, based on the total solid content of the composition. More preferably, it is more preferably 1% by mass or more, further preferably 2% by mass or more, further preferably 5% by mass or more, further preferably 10% by mass or more. ..
- the content of the other resin in the composition of the present invention is preferably 80% by mass or less, more preferably 75% by mass or less, and 70% by mass, based on the total solid content of the composition. It is more preferably less than or equal to, more preferably 60% by mass or less, and even more preferably 50% by mass or less.
- the content of the other resin may be low.
- the content of the other resin is preferably 20% by mass or less, more preferably 15% by mass or less, and preferably 10% by mass or less, based on the total solid content of the composition. More preferably, it is more preferably 5% by mass or less, and even more preferably 1% by mass or less.
- the lower limit of the content is not particularly limited, and may be 0% by mass or more.
- the composition of the present invention may contain only one type of other resin, or may contain two or more types. When two or more kinds are included, the total amount is preferably in the above range.
- the composition of the present invention preferably contains a photosensitizer.
- a photosensitizer a photopolymerization initiator is preferable.
- the composition of the present invention preferably contains a photopolymerization initiator as the photosensitizer.
- the photopolymerization initiator is preferably a photoradical polymerization initiator.
- the photoradical polymerization initiator is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected from known photoradical polymerization initiators.
- a photoradical polymerization initiator having photosensitivity to light rays in the ultraviolet region to the visible region is preferable.
- it may be an activator that produces an active radical by causing some action with the photoexcited sensitizer.
- an oxime compound described later is preferable.
- the photoradical polymerization initiator contains at least one compound having a molar extinction coefficient of at least about 50 L ⁇ mol -1 ⁇ cm -1 within the range of about 300 to 800 nm (preferably 330 to 500 nm). Is preferable.
- the molar extinction coefficient of a compound can be measured using a known method. For example, it is preferable to measure at a concentration of 0.01 g / L using an ethyl acetate solvent with an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (Cary-5 spectrophotometer manufactured by Varian).
- a known compound can be arbitrarily used as the photoradical polymerization initiator.
- halogenated hydrocarbon derivatives for example, compounds having a triazine skeleton, compounds having an oxadiazole skeleton, compounds having a trihalomethyl group, etc.
- acylphosphine compounds such as acylphosphine oxide, hexaarylbiimidazole, oxime derivatives and the like.
- paragraphs 0165 to 0182 of JP2016-027357 and paragraphs 0138 to 0151 of International Publication No. 2015/199219 can be referred to, and the contents thereof are incorporated in the present specification.
- Examples of the ketone compound include the compounds described in paragraph 0087 of JP-A-2015-087611, the contents of which are incorporated in the present specification.
- KayaCure DETX manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.
- Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd. is also preferably used.
- a hydroxyacetophenone compound, an aminoacetophenone compound, and an acylphosphine compound can be preferably used as the photoradical polymerization initiator. More specifically, for example, the aminoacetophenone-based initiator described in JP-A-10-291969 and the acylphosphine oxide-based initiator described in Japanese Patent No. 4225898 can be used.
- IRGACURE 184 (IRGACURE is a registered trademark)
- DAROCUR 1173 As the hydroxyacetophenone-based initiator, IRGACURE 184 (IRGACURE is a registered trademark), DAROCUR 1173, IRGACURE 500, IRGACURE-2959, and IRGACURE 127 (trade names: all manufactured by BASF) can be used.
- aminoacetophenone-based initiator commercially available products IRGACURE 907, IRGACURE 369, and IRGACURE 379 (trade names: all manufactured by BASF) can be used.
- the compound described in JP-A-2009-191179 in which the absorption maximum wavelength is matched with a wavelength light source such as 365 nm or 405 nm, can also be used.
- acylphosphine-based initiator examples include 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenyl-phosphine oxide. Further, commercially available products such as IRGACURE-819 and IRGACURE-TPO (trade names: both manufactured by BASF) can be used.
- metallocene compound examples include IRGACURE-784 and IRGACURE-784EG (both manufactured by BASF).
- the photoradical polymerization initiator is more preferably an oxime compound.
- the exposure latitude can be improved more effectively.
- the oxime compound is particularly preferable because it has a wide exposure latitude (exposure margin) and also acts as a photocuring accelerator.
- the compound described in JP-A-2001-233842 the compound described in JP-A-2000-080068, and the compound described in JP-A-2006-342166 can be used.
- Preferred oxime compounds include, for example, compounds having the following structures, 3-benzoyloxyiminobutane-2-one, 3-acetoxyiminobutane-2-one, 3-propionyloxyiminobutane-2-one, 2-acetoxy. Iminopentan-3-one, 2-acetoxyimino-1-phenylpropan-1-one, 2-benzoyloxyimino-1-phenylpropane-1-one, 3- (4-toluenesulfonyloxy) iminobutane-2-one , And 2-ethoxycarbonyloxyimino-1-phenylpropan-1-one and the like.
- an oxime compound (oxime-based photopolymerization initiator) as the photoradical polymerization initiator.
- IRGACURE OXE 01 IRGACURE OXE 02, IRGACURE OXE 03, IRGACURE OXE 04 (above, manufactured by BASF), ADEKA PUTMER N-1919 (manufactured by ADEKA Corporation, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2012-014052).
- a radical polymerization initiator 2) is also preferably used.
- TR-PBG-304 manufactured by Changshu Powerful Electronics New Materials Co., Ltd.
- ADEKA ARCLUDS NCI-831 ADEKA ARCULDS NCI-930
- DFI-091 manufactured by Daito Chemix Co., Ltd.
- Daito Chemix Co., Ltd. can be used.
- An oxime compound having the following structure can also be used.
- an oxime compound having a fluorine atom examples include compounds described in JP-A-2010-262028, compounds 24, 36-40 described in paragraph 0345 of JP-A-2014-500852, and JP-A-2013. Examples thereof include the compound (C-3) described in paragraph 0101 of JP-A-164471.
- Examples of the most preferable oxime compound include an oxime compound having a specific substituent shown in JP-A-2007-269779 and an oxime compound having a thioaryl group shown in JP-A-2009-191061.
- the photoradical polymerization initiator is a trihalomethyltriazine compound, a benzyldimethylketal compound, an ⁇ -hydroxyketone compound, an ⁇ -aminoketone compound, an acylphosphine compound, a phosphine oxide compound, a metallocene compound, an oxime compound, or a triaryl.
- More preferable photoradical polymerization initiators are trihalomethyltriazine compounds, ⁇ -aminoketone compounds, acylphosphine compounds, phosphine oxide compounds, metallocene compounds, oxime compounds, triarylimidazole dimers, onium salt compounds, benzophenone compounds and acetophenone compounds.
- At least one compound selected from the group consisting of trihalomethyltriazine compounds, ⁇ -aminoketone compounds, oxime compounds, triarylimidazole dimers, and benzophenone compounds is more preferable, and metallocene compounds or oxime compounds are even more preferable, and oxime compounds are even more preferable. Is even more preferable.
- the photoradical polymerization initiator is N, N'-tetraalkyl-4,4'-diaminobenzophenone, 2-benzyl such as benzophenone, N, N'-tetramethyl-4,4'-diaminobenzophenone (Michler ketone).
- 2-benzyl such as benzophenone
- benzoin ether compounds such as benzoin alkyl ether
- benzoin compounds such as benzoin and alkyl benzoin
- benzyl derivatives such as benzyl dimethyl ketal.
- a compound represented by the following formula (I) can also be used.
- RI00 is an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, and the like.
- RI01 is a group represented by the formula (II). It is the same group as R I00, and R I02 to R I04 are independently alkyl groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or halogen atoms.
- R I05 to R I07 are the same as R I 02 to R I 04 of the above formula (I).
- the compounds described in paragraphs 0048 to 0055 of International Publication No. 2015/1254669 can also be used.
- the content thereof is preferably 0.1 to 30% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 20% by mass, based on the total solid content of the composition of the present invention. It is more preferably 0.5 to 15% by mass, and even more preferably 1.0 to 10% by mass. Only one type of photopolymerization initiator may be contained, or two or more types may be contained. When two or more kinds of photopolymerization initiators are contained, the total amount is preferably in the above range.
- the composition of the present invention preferably contains a photoacid generator as a photosensitizer.
- a photoacid generator for example, acid is generated in the exposed portion of the composition layer, the solubility of the exposed portion in the developing solution (for example, an alkaline aqueous solution) is increased, and the exposed portion is affected by the developing solution. A positive pattern to be removed can be obtained.
- the composition contains a photoacid generator and a polymerizable compound other than the radically polymerizable compound described later, for example, the acid generated in the exposed portion promotes the cross-linking reaction of the polymerizable compound.
- the exposed portion may be more difficult to be removed by the developing solution than the non-exposed portion. According to such an aspect, a negative type pattern can be obtained.
- the photoacid generator is not particularly limited as long as it generates an acid by exposure, but is an onium salt compound such as a quinonediazide compound, a diazonium salt, a phosphonium salt, a sulfonium salt, or an iodonium salt, an imide sulfonate, and an oxime.
- onium salt compound such as a quinonediazide compound, a diazonium salt, a phosphonium salt, a sulfonium salt, or an iodonium salt, an imide sulfonate, and an oxime.
- examples thereof include sulfonate compounds such as sulfonate, diazodisulfone, disulfone, and o-nitrobenzyl sulfonate.
- the quinonediazide compound includes a polyhydroxy compound in which quinonediazide sulfonic acid is ester-bonded, a polyamino compound in which quinonediazide sulfonic acid is conjugated with a sulfonamide, and a polyhydroxypolyamino compound in which quinonediazide sulfonic acid is ester-bonded and a sulfonamide bond.
- Examples thereof include those bonded by at least one of the above. In the present invention, for example, it is preferable that 50 mol% or more of all the functional groups of these polyhydroxy compounds and polyamino compounds are substituted with quinonediazide.
- the quinone diazide either a 5-naphthoquinone diazidosulfonyl group or a 4-naphthoquinone diazidosulfonyl group is preferably used.
- the 4-naphthoquinone diazidosulfonyl ester compound has absorption in the i-line region of a mercury lamp and is suitable for i-line exposure.
- the 5-naphthoquinone diazidosulfonyl ester compound has absorption extending to the g-line region of a mercury lamp and is suitable for g-line exposure.
- a 4-naphthoquinone diazidosulfonyl ester compound or a 5-naphthoquinone diazidosulfonyl ester compound depending on the wavelength to be exposed.
- a naphthoquinone diazidosulfonyl ester compound having a 4-naphthoquinone diazidosulfonyl group and a 5-naphthoquinone diazidosulfonyl group may be contained in the same molecule, or a 4-naphthoquinone diazidosulfonyl ester compound and a 5-naphthoquinone diazidosulfonyl ester compound may be contained. It may be contained.
- the naphthoquinone diazide compound can be synthesized by an esterification reaction between a compound having a phenolic hydroxy group and a quinone diazido sulfonic acid compound, and can be synthesized by a known method. By using these naphthoquinone diazide compounds, the resolution, sensitivity, and residual film ratio are further improved.
- Examples of the naphthoquinone diazide compound include 1,2-naphthoquinone-2-diazide-5-sulfonic acid or 1,2-naphthoquinone-2-diazide-4-sulfonic acid, and salts or ester compounds of these compounds. Be done.
- the photoacid generator is also preferably a compound containing an oxime sulfonate group (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “oxime sulfonate compound”).
- oxime sulfonate compound is not particularly limited as long as it has an oxime sulfonate group, but the following formula (OS-1), the formula (OS-103) described later, the formula (OS-104), or the formula (OS-) It is preferably an oxime sulfonate compound represented by 105).
- X 3 is an alkyl group, an alkoxyl group, or a halogen atom. If X 3 there are a plurality, each be the same or may be different. Alkyl group and an alkoxyl group represented by X 3 may have a substituent.
- the halogen atom in the X 3, a chlorine atom or a fluorine atom is preferable.
- m3 represents an integer of 0 to 3, and 0 or 1 is preferable. When m3 is 2 or 3, a plurality of X 3 may be the same or different.
- R 34 represents an alkyl group or an aryl group, which is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkyl halide group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and carbon. It is preferably an alkoxyl group of numbers 1 to 5, a phenyl group optionally substituted with W, a naphthyl group optionally substituted with W or an anthranyl group optionally substituted with W.
- W is a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkyl halide group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or an alkoxyl halide having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. It represents a group, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and an aryl halide group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms.
- oxime sulfonate compound represented by the formula (OS-1) are described in paragraphs 0064 to 0068 of JP2011-209692A and paragraph numbers 0158 to 0167 of JP2015-194674A. The following compounds are exemplified and their contents are incorporated herein.
- R s1 represents an alkyl group, an aryl group or a heteroaryl group
- R s6 which represents a group or a halogen atom and may be present in a plurality, independently represents a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkyloxy group, a sulfonic acid group, an aminosulfonyl group or an alkoxysulfonyl group
- Xs represents O or S.
- ns represents 1 or 2
- ms represents an integer of 0-6.
- an alkyl group represented by R s1 preferably having 1 to 30 carbon atoms
- an aryl group preferably having 6 to 30 carbon atoms
- a heteroaryl group carbon
- numbers 4 to 30 may have a substituent T.
- R s2 is preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group (preferably having 1 to 12 carbon atoms) or an aryl group (preferably having 6 to 30 carbon atoms). , Hydrogen atom or alkyl group is more preferable.
- R s2 that may be present in two or more in the compound, one or two are preferably an alkyl group, an aryl group or a halogen atom, and one is more preferably an alkyl group, an aryl group or a halogen atom. It is particularly preferable that one is an alkyl group and the rest is a hydrogen atom.
- the alkyl group or aryl group represented by R s2 may have a substituent T.
- Xs represents O or S, and is preferably O.
- the ring containing Xs as a ring member is a 5-membered ring or a 6-membered ring.
- ns represents 1 or 2, and when Xs is O, ns is preferably 1, and when Xs is S, ns is. It is preferably 2.
- the alkyl group represented by R s6 preferably having 1 to 30 carbon atoms
- the alkyloxy group preferably having 1 to 30 carbon atoms
- ms represents an integer of 0 to 6, preferably an integer of 0 to 2, more preferably 0 or 1, and 0. Is particularly preferable.
- the compound represented by the above formula (OS-103) is particularly preferably a compound represented by the following formula (OS-106), formula (OS-110) or formula (OS-111).
- the compound represented by the formula (OS-104) is particularly preferably a compound represented by the following formula (OS-107), and the compound represented by the above formula (OS-105) is a compound represented by the following formula (OS-105). -108) or a compound represented by the formula (OS-109) is particularly preferable.
- R t1 represents an alkyl group, an aryl group or a heteroaryl group
- R t7 represents a hydrogen atom or a bromine atom
- R t8 represents a hydrogen atom and the number of carbon atoms. 1 to 8 alkyl groups, halogen atoms, chloromethyl groups, bromomethyl groups, bromoethyl groups, methoxymethyl groups, phenyl groups or chlorophenyl groups
- R t9 represents hydrogen atoms, halogen atoms, methyl groups or methoxy groups
- R t2 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- R t7 represents a hydrogen atom or a bromine atom, and is preferably a hydrogen atom.
- R t8 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, a chloromethyl group, a bromomethyl group, a bromoethyl group, a methoxymethyl group, or a phenyl group.
- it represents a chlorophenyl group, preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a halogen atom or a phenyl group, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. It is more preferable to have a methyl group, and it is particularly preferable to have a methyl group.
- R t9 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a methyl group or a methoxy group, and is preferably a hydrogen atom.
- R t2 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and is preferably a hydrogen atom.
- the three-dimensional structure (E, Z) of the oxime may be either one or a mixture.
- Specific examples of the oxime sulfonate compound represented by the above formulas (OS-103) to (OS-105) include paragraph numbers 008 to 0995 of JP2011-209692A and paragraphs of JP2015-194674A.
- the compounds of Nos. 0168 to 0194 are exemplified and their contents are incorporated herein.
- oxime sulfonate compound containing at least one oxime sulfonate group include compounds represented by the following formulas (OS-101) and (OS-102).
- Ru9 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkoxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an acyl group, a carbamoyl group, a sulfamoyl group, a sulfo group, a cyano group, Represents an aryl group or a heteroaryl group.
- R u9 is a cyano group or an aryl group is more preferable, and the embodiment in which R u9 is a cyano group, a phenyl group or a naphthyl group is further preferable.
- Ru2a represents an alkyl or aryl group.
- Xu is -O-, -S-, -NH- , -NR u5-, -CH 2- , -CR u6 H- or CR u6 R u7.
- Ru1 to Ru4 are independently hydrogen atom, halogen atom, alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkoxyl group, amino group, alkoxycarbonyl group and alkylcarbonyl group, respectively. , Arylcarbonyl group, amide group, sulfo group, cyano group or aryl group. 2 in turn, each may be bonded to each other to form a ring of the R u1 ⁇ R u4. At this time, the ring may be condensed to form a condensed ring together with the benzene ring.
- R u1 ⁇ R u4 a hydrogen atom, preferably a halogen atom or an alkyl group, also aspects to form the at least two aryl groups bonded to each other of R u1 ⁇ R u4 preferred.
- Ru1 to Ru4 are hydrogen atoms. Any of the above-mentioned substituents may further have a substituent.
- the compound represented by the above formula (OS-101) is more preferably a compound represented by the formula (OS-102).
- the three-dimensional structure (E, Z, etc.) of the oxime and the benzothiazole ring may be either one or a mixture.
- Specific examples of the compound represented by the formula (OS-101) include the compounds described in paragraph numbers 0102 to 0106 of JP2011-209692 and paragraph numbers 0195 to 0207 of JP2015-194674. These contents are incorporated herein by reference.
- the following b-9, b-16, b-31, and b-33 are preferable.
- Examples of the onium salt compound or the sulfonate compound include the compounds described in paragraphs 0064 to 0122 of JP-A-2008-013646.
- a commercially available product may be used as the photoacid generator.
- Commercially available products include WPAG-145, WPAG-149, WPAG-170, WPAG-199, WPAG-336, WPAG-376, WPAG-370, WPAG-443, WPAG-469, WPAG-638, and WPAG-69 (any of which).
- Omnicat 250 All manufactured by IGM Resins BV
- Irgacure 250 All manufactured by Irgacure 270
- Irgacure 290 all manufactured by BASF
- MBZ-101 all manufactured by BASF
- an organic halogenated compound can also be applied.
- the organic halogenated compound include Wakabayashi et al., “Bull Chem. Soc Japan” 42, 2924 (1969), US Pat. No. 3,905,815, JP-A-46-4605, JP-A. 48-36281, JP-A-55-3270, JP-A-60-239736, JP-A-61-169835, JP-A-61-169837, JP-A-62-58241, JP-A-62- 212401, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-70243, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-298339, M.D. P.
- an oxazole compound substituted with a trihalomethyl group an S-triazine compound
- an organic borate compound can also be applied.
- the organic borate compound include JP-A-62-143044, JP-A-62-150242, JP-A-9-188685, JP-A-9-188686, JP-A-9-188710, and JP-A-2000. -131837, JP-A-2002-107916, Japanese Patent No. 2764769, Japanese Patent Application No. 2000-310808, etc., and Kunz, Martin "Rad Tech '98. Proceeding Compound 19-22, 1998, Chicago" and the like.
- Specific examples thereof include organic boron transition metal coordination complexes of JP-A-7-140589, JP-A-7-306527, and JP-A-7-292014.
- a disulfone compound can also be applied as a photoacid generator.
- examples of the disulfone compound include compounds described in JP-A-61-166544, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-132318, and diazodisulfone compounds.
- onium salt compound examples include S.I. I. Schlesinger, Photogr. Sci. Eng. , 18,387 (1974), T.K. S. The diazonium salt described in Bal et al, Polymer, 21,423 (1980), the ammonium salt described in US Pat. No. 4,069,055, JP-A-4-365549, etc., US Pat. No. 4,069, Phosphonium salts described in 055, 4,069,056, European Patents 104, 143, US Patents 339,049, 410,201, JP-A-2. -150848, Iodonium salt described in JP-A-2-296514, European Patent Nos.
- onium salts examples include onium salts represented by the following general formulas (RI-I) to (RI-III).
- Ar 11 represents an aryl group having 20 or less carbon atoms which may have 1 to 6 substituents, and preferred substituents are an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and 1 carbon number.
- Z11 - represents a monovalent anion, a halogen ion, perchlorate ion, hexafluorophosphate ion, tetrafluoroborate ion, sulfonate ion, sulfinate ion, thiosulfonate ion, sulfate ion, surface stability
- Perchlorate ion, hexafluorophosphate ion, tetrafluoroborate ion, sulfonic acid ion, sulfinate ion are preferable.
- Ar 21 and Ar 22 each represent an aryl group having 20 or less carbon atoms which may independently have 1 to 6 substituents, and preferred substituents have 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- Z 21 - represents a monovalent anion, a halogen ion, perchlorate ion, hexafluorophosphate ion, tetrafluoroborate ion, sulfonate ion, sulfinate ion, thiosulfonate ion, sulfate ion, stability, From the viewpoint of reactivity, perchlorate ion, hexafluorophosphate ion, tetrafluoroborate ion, sulfonic acid ion, sulfinate ion and carboxylate ion are preferable.
- R 31 , R 32 , and R 33 each represent an aryl group or an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, or an alkynyl group having 20 or less carbon atoms which may independently have 1 to 6 substituents.
- an aryl group from the viewpoint of reactivity and stability.
- Preferred substituents include an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- Examples thereof include a group, a cyano group, a sulfonyl group, a thioalkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and a thioaryl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- Z31 - represents a monovalent anion, a halogen ion, perchlorate ion, hexafluorophosphate ion, tetrafluoroborate ion, sulfonate ion, sulfinate ion, thiosulfonate ion, sulfate ion, stability, reaction From the viewpoint of properties, perchlorate ion, hexafluorophosphate ion, tetrafluoroborate ion, sulfonic acid ion, sulfinate ion and carboxylate ion are preferable.
- the content thereof is preferably 0.1 to 30% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 20% by mass, based on the total solid content of the composition of the present invention. It is more preferably 2 to 15% by mass. Only one type of photoacid generator may be contained, or two or more types may be contained. When two or more photoacid generators are contained, the total is preferably in the above range.
- the composition of the present invention may contain a thermal polymerization initiator, and in particular, a thermal radical polymerization initiator.
- a thermal radical polymerization initiator is a compound that generates radicals by heat energy to initiate or accelerate the polymerization reaction of a polymerizable compound. By adding the thermal radical polymerization initiator, the polymerization reaction of the resin and the polymerizable compound can be allowed to proceed in the heating step described later, so that the solvent resistance can be further improved.
- thermal radical polymerization initiator examples include the compounds described in paragraphs 0074 to 0118 of JP-A-2008-063554.
- the content thereof is preferably 0.1 to 30% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 20% by mass, based on the total solid content of the composition of the present invention. More preferably, it is 5 to 15% by mass. Only one type of thermal polymerization initiator may be contained, or two or more types may be contained. When two or more kinds of thermal polymerization initiators are contained, the total amount is preferably in the above range.
- the composition of the present invention may contain a thermoacid generator.
- the thermoacid generator generates an acid by heating and promotes a cross-linking reaction of at least one compound selected from a compound having a hydroxymethyl group, an alkoxymethyl group or an acyloxymethyl group, an epoxy compound, an oxetane compound and a benzoxazine compound. It has the effect of making it.
- the thermal decomposition start temperature of the thermal acid generator is preferably 50 ° C. to 270 ° C., more preferably 50 ° C. to 250 ° C. Further, no acid is generated during drying (pre-baking: about 70 to 140 ° C.) after the composition is applied to the substrate, and during final heating (cure: about 100 to 400 ° C.) after patterning by subsequent exposure and development. It is preferable to select an acid-generating agent as the thermal acid generator because it can suppress a decrease in sensitivity during development.
- the thermal decomposition start temperature is obtained as the peak temperature of the exothermic peak, which is the lowest temperature when the thermoacid generator is heated to 500 ° C. at 5 ° C./min in a pressure-resistant capsule. Examples of the device used for measuring the thermal decomposition start temperature include Q2000 (manufactured by TA Instruments).
- the acid generated from the thermoacid generator is preferably a strong acid, for example, aryl sulfonic acid such as p-toluene sulfonic acid and benzene sulfonic acid, alkyl sulfonic acid such as methane sulfonic acid, ethane sulfonic acid and butane sulfonic acid, or trifluoromethane.
- aryl sulfonic acid such as p-toluene sulfonic acid and benzene sulfonic acid
- alkyl sulfonic acid such as methane sulfonic acid, ethane sulfonic acid and butane sulfonic acid
- haloalkyl sulfonic acid such as sulfonic acid is preferable.
- thermoacid generator include those described in paragraph 0055 of JP2013-072935A.
- thermoacid generator the compound described in paragraph 0059 of JP2013-167742A is also preferable as the thermoacid generator.
- the content of the thermoacid generator is preferably 0.01 part by mass or more, and more preferably 0.1 part by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of the specific resin.
- the content of the thermoacid generator is preferably 0.01 part by mass or more, and more preferably 0.1 part by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of the specific resin.
- 0.01 part by mass or more By containing 0.01 part by mass or more, the cross-linking reaction is promoted, so that the mechanical properties and solvent resistance of the organic film can be further improved.
- 20 parts by mass or less is preferable, 15 parts by mass or less is more preferable, and 10 parts by mass or less is further preferable.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention may further contain an onium salt.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention contains a polyimide precursor or a polybenzoxazole precursor as a specific resin, it preferably contains an onium salt.
- the type of onium salt and the like are not particularly specified, but ammonium salt, iminium salt, sulfonium salt, iodonium salt and phosphonium salt are preferably mentioned.
- an ammonium salt or an iminium salt is preferable from the viewpoint of high thermal stability
- a sulfonium salt, an iodonium salt or a phosphonium salt is preferable from the viewpoint of compatibility with a polymer.
- the onium salt is a salt of a cation and an anion having an onium structure, and the cation and anion may or may not be bonded via a covalent bond. .. That is, the onium salt may be an intramolecular salt having a cation portion and an anion portion in the same molecular structure, or a cation molecule and an anion molecule, which are separate molecules, are ionically bonded. It may be an intermolecular salt, but it is preferably an intermolecular salt. Further, in the curable resin composition of the present invention, the cation portion or the cation molecule and the anion portion or the anion molecule may be bonded or dissociated by an ionic bond.
- an ammonium cation, a pyridinium cation, a sulfonium cation, an iodonium cation or a phosphonium cation is preferable, and at least one cation selected from the group consisting of a tetraalkylammonium cation, a sulfonium cation and an iodonium cation is more preferable.
- the onium salt used in the present invention may be a thermobase generator described later.
- the thermal base generator refers to a compound that generates a base by heating, and examples thereof include a compound that generates a base when heated to 40 ° C. or higher.
- ammonium salt means a salt of an ammonium cation and an anion.
- R 1 to R 4 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group, and at least two of R 1 to R 4 may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- R 1 to R 4 are each independently preferably a hydrocarbon group, more preferably an alkyl group or an aryl group, and an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or 6 to 6 carbon atoms. It is more preferably 12 aryl groups.
- R 1 to R 4 may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include a hydroxy group, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an arylcarbonyl group, an alkylcarbonyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group and an aryloxy group. Examples thereof include a carbonyl group and an acyloxy group.
- the ring may contain a hetero atom. Examples of the hetero atom include a nitrogen atom.
- the ammonium cation is preferably represented by any of the following formulas (Y1-1) and (Y1-2).
- R 101 represents an n-valent organic group
- R 1 has the same meaning as R 1 in the formula (101)
- Ar 101 and Ar 102 are each independently , Represents an aryl group
- n represents an integer of 1 or more.
- R 101 is preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon, an aromatic hydrocarbon, or a group obtained by removing n hydrogen atoms from a structure in which these are bonded, and has 2 to 30 carbon atoms. More preferably, it is a group obtained by removing n hydrogen atoms from the saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon, benzene or naphthalene.
- n is preferably 1 to 4, more preferably 1 or 2, and even more preferably 1.
- Ar 101 and Ar 102 are preferably phenyl groups or naphthyl groups, respectively, and more preferably phenyl groups.
- the anion in the ammonium salt one selected from a carboxylic acid anion, a phenol anion, a phosphoric acid anion and a sulfuric acid anion is preferable, and a carboxylic acid anion is more preferable because both salt stability and thermodegradability can be achieved.
- the ammonium salt is more preferably a salt of an ammonium cation and a carboxylic acid anion.
- the carboxylic acid anion is preferably a divalent or higher carboxylic acid anion having two or more carboxy groups, and more preferably a divalent carboxylic acid anion.
- the stability, curability and developability of the curable resin composition can be further improved.
- the stability, curability and developability of the curable resin composition can be further improved.
- the carboxylic acid anion is preferably represented by the following formula (X1).
- EWG represents an electron-attracting group.
- the electron-attracting group means that Hammett's substituent constant ⁇ m shows a positive value.
- ⁇ m is a review by Yusuke Tono, Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Vol. 23, No. 8 (1965), p. It is described in detail in 631-642.
- the EWG is preferably a group represented by the following formulas (EWG-1) to (EWG-6).
- R x1 to R x3 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, a hydroxy group or a carboxy group, and Ar is an aromatic group. Represents.
- the carboxylic acid anion is preferably represented by the following formula (XA).
- L 10 represents a single bond or an alkylene group, an alkenylene group, an aromatic group, -NR X - represents and divalent connecting group selected from the group consisting a combination thereof, R X is , Hydrogen atom, alkyl group, alkenyl group or aryl group.
- carboxylic acid anion examples include maleic acid anion, phthalate anion, N-phenyliminodiacetic acid anion and oxalate anion.
- the onium salt in the present invention contains an ammonium cation as a cation from the viewpoint that the cyclization of the heterocyclic polymer-containing precursor is easily performed at a low temperature and the storage stability of the curable resin composition is easily improved.
- the salt as an anion, it is preferable to contain an anion having a conjugate acid pKa (pKaH) of 2.5 or less, and more preferably to contain an anion having a pKa (pKaH) of 1.8 or less.
- the lower limit of pKa is not particularly limited, but it is preferably -3 or more, preferably -2 or more, from the viewpoint that the generated base is not easily neutralized and the cyclization efficiency of the heterocyclic polymer-containing precursor or the like is improved.
- the above is more preferable.
- the above pKa includes Determination of Organic Structures by Physical Methods (authors: Brown, HC, McDaniel, D.H., Hafliger, O., Nachod, F.C.; See Nachod, FC; Academic Press, New York, 1955) and Data for Biochemical Research (Author: Dawson, RMC et al; Oxford, Clarendon Press, 19). Can be done. For compounds not described in these documents, the values calculated from the structural formulas using software of ACD / pKa (manufactured by ACD / Labs) shall be used.
- ammonium salt examples include the following compounds, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the iminium salt means a salt of an iminium cation and an anion.
- the anion the same as the anion in the above-mentioned ammonium salt is exemplified, and the preferred embodiment is also the same.
- a pyridinium cation is preferable.
- a cation represented by the following formula (102) is also preferable.
- R 5 and R 6 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group
- R 7 represents a hydrocarbon group
- at least two of R 5 to R 7 are bonded to each other to form a ring. It may be formed.
- R 5 and R 6 are synonymous with R 1 to R 4 in the above formula (101), and the preferred embodiment is also the same.
- R 7 preferably combines with at least one of R 5 and R 6 to form a ring.
- the ring may contain a heteroatom. Examples of the hetero atom include a nitrogen atom. Further, as the ring, a pyridine ring is preferable.
- the iminium cation is preferably represented by any of the following formulas (Y1-3) to (Y1-5).
- R 101 represents an n-valent organic group
- R 5 has the same meaning as R 5 in the formula (102)
- R 7 is R in the formula (102) Synonymous with 7
- n and m represent integers of 1 or more.
- R 101 is preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon, an aromatic hydrocarbon, or a group obtained by removing n hydrogen atoms from the structure to which these are bonded, and has 2 to 30 carbon atoms.
- n is preferably 1 to 4, more preferably 1 or 2, and even more preferably 1.
- m is preferably 0 to 4, more preferably 1 or 2, and even more preferably 1.
- iminium salt examples include the following compounds, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the sulfonium salt means a salt of a sulfonium cation and an anion.
- the anion the same as the anion in the above-mentioned ammonium salt is exemplified, and the preferred embodiment is also the same.
- sulfonium cation a tertiary sulfonium cation is preferable, and a triarylsulfonium cation is more preferable. Further, as the sulfonium cation, a cation represented by the following formula (103) is preferable.
- R 8 to R 10 each independently represent a hydrocarbon group.
- R 8 to R 10 are each independently preferably an alkyl group or an aryl group, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and 6 to 12 carbon atoms. It is more preferably an aryl group, and even more preferably a phenyl group.
- R 8 to R 10 may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include a hydroxy group, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an arylcarbonyl group, an alkylcarbonyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group and an aryloxy group.
- Examples thereof include a carbonyl group and an acyloxy group.
- an alkyl group or an alkoxy group as the substituent, more preferably to have a branched alkyl group or an alkoxy group, and a branched alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms or a branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. It is more preferable to have 10 alkoxy groups.
- R 8 to R 10 may be the same group or different groups, but from the viewpoint of synthetic suitability, they are preferably the same group.
- sulfonium salt examples include the following compounds, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the iodonium salt means a salt of an iodonium cation and an anion.
- the anion the same as the anion in the above-mentioned ammonium salt is exemplified, and the preferred embodiment is also the same.
- iodonium cation a diaryl iodonium cation is preferable. Further, as the iodonium cation, a cation represented by the following formula (104) is preferable.
- R 11 and R 12 each independently represent a hydrocarbon group.
- R 11 and R 12 are each independently preferably an alkyl group or an aryl group, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and 6 to 12 carbon atoms. It is more preferably an aryl group, and even more preferably a phenyl group.
- R 11 and R 12 may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include a hydroxy group, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an arylcarbonyl group, an alkylcarbonyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, and an aryloxy group.
- Examples thereof include a carbonyl group and an acyloxy group.
- R 11 and R 12 may be the same group or different groups, but from the viewpoint of synthetic suitability, they are preferably the same group.
- iodonium salt examples include the following compounds, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the phosphonium salt means a salt of a phosphonium cation and an anion.
- the anion the same as the anion in the above-mentioned ammonium salt is exemplified, and the preferred embodiment is also the same.
- a quaternary phosphonium cation is preferable, and examples thereof include a tetraalkylphosphonium cation and a triarylmonoalkylphosphonium cation. Further, as the phosphonium cation, a cation represented by the following formula (105) is preferable.
- R 13 to R 16 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group.
- R 13 to R 16 are each independently preferably an alkyl group or an aryl group, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and 6 to 12 carbon atoms. It is more preferably an aryl group, and even more preferably a phenyl group.
- R 13 to R 16 may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include a hydroxy group, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an arylcarbonyl group, an alkylcarbonyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group and an aryloxy group.
- Examples thereof include a carbonyl group and an acyloxy group.
- R 13 to R 16 may be the same group or different groups, but from the viewpoint of synthetic suitability, they are preferably the same group.
- phosphonium salt examples include the following compounds, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the content of the onium salt is preferably 0.1 to 50% by mass with respect to the total solid content of the curable resin composition of the present invention.
- the lower limit is more preferably 0.5% by mass or more, further preferably 0.85% by mass or more, and even more preferably 1% by mass or more.
- the upper limit is more preferably 30% by mass or less, further preferably 20% by mass or less, further preferably 10% by mass or less, 5% by mass or less, or 4% by mass or less.
- the onium salt one kind or two or more kinds can be used. When two or more kinds are used, the total amount is preferably in the above range.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention may further contain a thermosetting agent.
- a thermosetting agent when the curable resin composition of the present invention contains a polyimide precursor or a polybenzoxazole precursor as the specific resin, it is preferable to contain a thermosetting agent.
- the other thermobase generator may be a compound corresponding to the above-mentioned onium salt, or may be a thermobase generator other than the above-mentioned onium salt.
- Examples of the thermobase generator other than the above-mentioned onium salt include nonionic thermobase generators. Examples of the nonionic thermobase generator include compounds represented by the formula (B1) or the formula (B2).
- Rb 1 , Rb 2 and Rb 3 are independently organic groups, halogen atoms or hydrogen atoms having no tertiary amine structure. However, Rb 1 and Rb 2 do not become hydrogen atoms at the same time. Further, none of Rb 1 , Rb 2 and Rb 3 has a carboxy group.
- the tertiary amine structure refers to a structure in which all three bonds of a trivalent nitrogen atom are covalently bonded to a hydrocarbon-based carbon atom. Therefore, this does not apply when the bonded carbon atom is a carbon atom forming a carbonyl group, that is, when an amide group is formed together with a nitrogen atom.
- Rb 1 , Rb 2 and Rb 3 contains a cyclic structure, and it is more preferable that at least two of them contain a cyclic structure.
- the cyclic structure may be either a monocyclic ring or a condensed ring, and a fused ring in which two monocyclic rings or two monocyclic rings are condensed is preferable.
- the single ring is preferably a 5-membered ring or a 6-membered ring, and preferably a 6-membered ring.
- a cyclohexane ring and a benzene ring are preferable, and a cyclohexane ring is more preferable.
- Rb 1 and Rb 2 are hydrogen atoms, alkyl groups (preferably 1 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 18 carbon atoms, still more preferably 3 to 12 carbon atoms), and alkenyl groups (preferably 2 to 24 carbon atoms). , 2-18 is more preferred, 3-12 is more preferred), aryl groups (6-22 carbons are preferred, 6-18 are more preferred, 6-10 are more preferred), or arylalkyl groups (7 carbons). ⁇ 25 is preferable, 7 to 19 is more preferable, and 7 to 12 is even more preferable). These groups may have substituents as long as the effects of the present invention are exhibited. Rb 1 and Rb 2 may be coupled to each other to form a ring.
- Rb 1 and Rb 2 are particularly linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl groups that may have substituents (preferably 1 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 18 carbon atoms, still more preferably 3 to 12). It is more preferably a cycloalkyl group which may have a substituent (preferably 3 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 18 carbon atoms, still more preferably 3 to 12 carbon atoms) and having a substituent.
- a cyclohexyl group which may be used is more preferable.
- an alkyl group preferably 1 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 18 carbon atoms, further preferably 3 to 12 carbon atoms
- an aryl group preferably 6 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 18 carbon atoms, 6 to 6.
- alkoxy group (2 to 24 carbon atoms are preferable, 2 to 12 is more preferable, 2 to 6 is more preferable
- arylalkyl group (7 to 23 carbon atoms is preferable, 7 to 19 is more preferable).
- an arylalkenyl group (8 to 24 carbon atoms is preferable, 8 to 20 is more preferable, 8 to 16 is more preferable), and an alkoxyl group (1 to 24 carbon atoms is preferable, 2 to 2 to 24).
- 18 is more preferable, 3 to 12 is more preferable), an aryloxy group (6 to 22 carbon atoms is preferable, 6 to 18 is more preferable, 6 to 12 is more preferable), or an arylalkyloxy group (7 to 12 carbon atoms is more preferable).
- 23 is preferable, 7 to 19 is more preferable, and 7 to 12 is even more preferable).
- a cycloalkyl group (preferably having 3 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 18 carbon atoms, still more preferably 3 to 12 carbon atoms), an arylalkenyl group, and an arylalkyloxy group are preferable.
- Rb 3 may further have a substituent as long as the effects of the present invention are exhibited.
- the compound represented by the formula (B1) is preferably a compound represented by the following formula (B1-1) or the following formula (B1-2).
- Rb 11 and Rb 12 , and Rb 31 and Rb 32 are the same as Rb 1 and Rb 2 in the formula (B1), respectively.
- Rb 13 has an alkyl group (preferably 1 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 18 carbon atoms, further preferably 3 to 12 carbon atoms) and an alkenyl group (preferably 2 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 18 carbon atoms, 3 to 12 carbon atoms). Is more preferable), an aryl group (preferably 6 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 18 carbon atoms, further preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms), an arylalkyl group (preferably 7 to 23 carbon atoms, more preferably 7 to 19 carbon atoms). 7 to 12 is more preferable), and a substituent may be provided as long as the effects of the present invention are exhibited. Of these, Rb 13 is preferably an arylalkyl group.
- Rb 33 and Rb 34 independently have a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group (preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms, still more preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms), and an alkenyl group (preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms).
- Rb 33 and Rb 34 independently have a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group (preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms, still more preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms), and an alkenyl group (preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms).
- 2 to 8 are more preferable, 2 to 3 are more preferable
- aryl groups (6 to 22 carbon atoms are preferable, 6 to 18 are more preferable, 6 to 10 are more preferable
- 23 is preferable, 7 to 19 is more preferable, and 7 to 11 is even more preferable), and a hydrogen atom is preferable.
- Rb 35 is an alkyl group (preferably 1 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, further preferably 3 to 8 carbon atoms), an alkenyl group (preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms, 3 to 10 carbon atoms). 8 is more preferable), aryl group (6 to 22 carbon atoms is preferable, 6 to 18 is more preferable, 6 to 12 is more preferable), arylalkyl group (7 to 23 carbon atoms is preferable, 7 to 19 is more preferable). , 7-12 is more preferable), and an aryl group is preferable.
- the compound represented by the formula (B1-1) is also preferable.
- Rb 11 and Rb 12 have the same meanings as Rb 11 and Rb 12 in the formula (B1-1).
- Rb 15 and Rb 16 are a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group (preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, further preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms), and an alkenyl group (preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms, 2 to 6 carbon atoms). More preferably, 2 to 3 are more preferable), an aryl group (preferably 6 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 18 carbon atoms, further preferably 6 to 10 carbon atoms), an arylalkyl group (preferably 7 to 23 carbon atoms, 7).
- Rb 17 has an alkyl group (preferably 1 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, further preferably 3 to 8 carbon atoms) and an alkenyl group (preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms, 3 to 8 carbon atoms). Is more preferable), an aryl group (preferably 6 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 18 carbon atoms, further preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms), an arylalkyl group (preferably 7 to 23 carbon atoms, more preferably 7 to 19 carbon atoms). 7 to 12 is more preferable), and an aryl group is particularly preferable.
- the molecular weight of the nonionic thermobase generator is preferably 800 or less, more preferably 600 or less, and even more preferably 500 or less.
- the lower limit is preferably 100 or more, more preferably 200 or more, and even more preferably 300 or more.
- thermo base generators or specific examples of thermal base generators other than the above-mentioned onium salts include the following compounds.
- the content of the other thermosetting agent is preferably 0.1 to 50% by mass with respect to the total solid content of the curable resin composition of the present invention.
- the lower limit is more preferably 0.5% by mass or more, and further preferably 1% by mass or more.
- the upper limit is more preferably 30% by mass or less, further preferably 20% by mass or less.
- the thermobase generator one kind or two or more kinds can be used. When two or more kinds are used, the total amount is preferably in the above range.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention preferably contains a cross-linking agent.
- the cross-linking agent include radical cross-linking agents and other cross-linking agents.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention preferably further contains a radical cross-linking agent.
- the radical cross-linking agent is a compound having a radically polymerizable group.
- a group containing an ethylenically unsaturated bond is preferable.
- the group containing an ethylenically unsaturated bond include a group having an ethylenically unsaturated bond such as a vinyl group, an allyl group, a vinylphenyl group, and a (meth) acryloyl group.
- the (meth) acryloyl group is preferable as the group containing the ethylenically unsaturated bond, and the (meth) acryloyl group is more preferable from the viewpoint of reactivity.
- the radical cross-linking agent may be a compound having one or more ethylenically unsaturated bonds, but is more preferably a compound having two or more ethylenically unsaturated bonds.
- the compound having two ethylenically unsaturated bonds is preferably a compound having two groups containing the above ethylenically unsaturated bonds.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention preferably contains a compound having three or more ethylenically unsaturated bonds as a radical cross-linking agent.
- the compound having 3 or more ethylenically unsaturated bonds a compound having 3 to 15 ethylenically unsaturated bonds is preferable, and a compound having 3 to 10 ethylenically unsaturated bonds is more preferable, and 3 to 6 compounds are more preferable.
- the compound having is more preferable.
- the compound having 3 or more ethylenically unsaturated bonds is preferably a compound having 3 or more groups containing the ethylenically unsaturated bond, and more preferably a compound having 3 to 15 ethylenically unsaturated bonds.
- a compound having 3 to 10 is more preferable, and a compound having 3 to 6 is particularly preferable.
- the radical cross-linking agent is particularly preferably a compound having two ethylenically unsaturated bonds.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention has a compound having two ethylenically unsaturated bonds and three or more ethylenically unsaturated bonds. It is also preferable to include a compound.
- the molecular weight of the radical cross-linking agent is preferably 2,000 or less, more preferably 1,500 or less, and even more preferably 900 or less.
- the lower limit of the molecular weight of the radical cross-linking agent is preferably 100 or more.
- radical cross-linking agent examples include unsaturated carboxylic acids (for example, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, isocrotonic acid, maleic acid, etc.), esters thereof, and amides, which are preferably unsuitable.
- an addition reaction product of an unsaturated carboxylic acid ester or amide having a nucleophilic substituent such as a hydroxy group, an amino group or a sulfanyl group with a monofunctional or polyfunctional isocyanate or an epoxy, or a monofunctional or polyfunctional group.
- a dehydration condensation reaction product with a functional carboxylic acid is also preferably used.
- an addition reaction product of an unsaturated carboxylic acid ester or amide having a parentionic substituent such as an isocyanate group or an epoxy group with a monofunctional or polyfunctional alcohol, amines or thiols, and a halogeno group.
- Substitution reaction products of unsaturated carboxylic acid esters or amides having a releasable substituent such as tosyloxy group and monofunctional or polyfunctional alcohols, amines and thiols are also suitable.
- radical cross-linking agent a compound having a boiling point of 100 ° C. or higher under normal pressure is also preferable.
- examples are polyethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, trimethyl ethanetri (meth) acrylate, neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol.
- a compound obtained by adding ethylene oxide or propylene oxide to a functional alcohol and then (meth) acrylated, is described in JP-A-48-041708, JP-A-50-006034, and JP-A-51-0371993.
- Urethane (meth) acrylates such as those described in JP-A-48-064183, JP-A-49-043191, and JP-A-52-030490, the polyester acrylates, epoxy resins and (meth) acrylics. Examples thereof include polyfunctional acrylates and methacrylates such as epoxy acrylates which are reaction products with acids, and mixtures thereof. Further, the compounds described in paragraphs 0254 to 0257 of JP-A-2008-292970 are also suitable.
- a polyfunctional (meth) acrylate obtained by reacting a polyfunctional carboxylic acid with a cyclic ether group such as glycidyl (meth) acrylate and a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond can also be mentioned.
- a preferable radical cross-linking agent other than the above it has a fluorene ring and has an ethylenically unsaturated bond, which is described in JP-A-2010-160418, JP-A-2010-129825, Patent No. 4364216 and the like.
- Compounds having two or more groups and cardo resins can also be used.
- dipentaerythritol triacrylate (commercially available KAYARAD D-330; manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), dipentaerythritol tetraacrylate (commercially available KAYARAD D-320; Nihon Kayaku Co., Ltd.) ), A-TMMT: Shin-Nakamura Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), Dipentaerythritol penta (meth) acrylate (commercially available KAYARAD D-310; Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), Dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) ) Acrylate (commercially available KAYARAD DPHA; manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., A-DPH; manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), and these (meth) acryloyl groups are mediated by ethylene glycol residues or propylene glycol residues. A structure that is bonded together is preferable
- SR-494 which is a tetrafunctional acrylate having four ethyleneoxy chains manufactured by Sartmer
- SR-209 manufactured by Sartmer which is a bifunctional methacrylate having four ethyleneoxy chains.
- DPCA-60 a hexafunctional acrylate having 6 pentyleneoxy chains manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.
- TPA-330 a trifunctional acrylate having 3 isobutyleneoxy chains
- urethane oligomer UAS-10 are examples of the radical cross-linking agent.
- UAB-140 (manufactured by Nippon Paper Co., Ltd.), NK ester M-40G, NK ester 4G, NK ester M-9300, NK ester A-9300, UA-7200 (manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), DPHA-40H (Japan) Chemicals (manufactured by Kayaku Co., Ltd.), UA-306H, UA-306T, UA-306I, AH-600, T-600, AI-600 (manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.), Blemmer PME400 (manufactured by Nichiyu Co., Ltd.), etc. Can be mentioned.
- radical cross-linking agent examples include urethane acrylates as described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 48-041708, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 51-037193, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 02-032293, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 02-016765.
- Urethane compounds having an ethylene oxide-based skeleton described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 58-049860, Japanese Patent Publication No. 56-017654, Japanese Patent Publication No. 62-039417, and Japanese Patent Publication No. 62-039418 are also suitable.
- radical cross-linking agent compounds having an amino structure or a sulfide structure in the molecule, which are described in JP-A-63-277653, JP-A-63-260909, and JP-A-01-105238, are used. You can also do it.
- the radical cross-linking agent may be a radical cross-linking agent having an acid group such as a carboxy group or a phosphoric acid group.
- the radical cross-linking agent having an acid group is preferably an ester of an aliphatic polyhydroxy compound and an unsaturated carboxylic acid, and an acid group is obtained by reacting an unreacted hydroxy group of the aliphatic polyhydroxy compound with a non-aromatic carboxylic acid anhydride.
- a radical cross-linking agent provided with is more preferable.
- the aliphatic polyhydroxy compound is pentaerythritol or dipentaerythritol. Is a compound.
- examples of commercially available products include M-510 and M-520 as polybasic acid-modified acrylic oligomers manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.
- the preferable acid value of the radical cross-linking agent having an acid group is 0.1 to 40 mgKOH / g, and particularly preferably 5 to 30 mgKOH / g.
- the acid value of the radical cross-linking agent is within the above range, it is excellent in manufacturing handleability and further excellent in developability. Moreover, the polymerizable property is good.
- the acid value of the radical cross-linking agent having an acid group is preferably 0.1 to 300 mgKOH / g, and particularly preferably 1 to 100 mgKOH / g. The acid value is measured according to the description of JIS K 0070: 1992.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention it is preferable to use bifunctional metaacrylate or acrylate from the viewpoint of pattern resolution and film elasticity.
- the compound include triethylene glycol diacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, and PEG200 diacrylate (polyethylene glycol diacrylate having a formula of polyethylene glycol chain).
- examples of the bifunctional or higher functional radical cross-linking agent include diallyl phthalate and triallyl trimellitate.
- a monofunctional radical cross-linking agent can be preferably used as the radical cross-linking agent.
- examples of the monofunctional radical cross-linking agent include n-butyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, butoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, carbitol (meth) acrylate, and cyclohexyl (meth).
- the content thereof is preferably more than 0% by mass and 60% by mass or less with respect to the total solid content of the curable resin composition of the present invention.
- the lower limit is more preferably 5% by mass or more.
- the upper limit is more preferably 50% by mass or less, and further preferably 30% by mass or less.
- One type of radical cross-linking agent may be used alone, or two or more types may be mixed and used. When two or more types are used in combination, the total amount is preferably in the above range.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention preferably contains another cross-linking agent different from the radical cross-linking agent described above.
- the other cross-linking agent refers to a cross-linking agent other than the above-mentioned radical cross-linking agent, and a covalent bond is formed with another compound in the composition or a reaction product thereof by exposure to the above-mentioned photosensitizer.
- the compound has a plurality of groups in the molecule for which the reaction to be formed is promoted, and the reaction of forming a covalent bond with another compound in the composition or a reaction product thereof is the action of an acid or a base.
- a compound having a plurality of groups promoted by the above in the molecule is preferable.
- the acid or base is preferably an acid or base generated from the photosensitizer in the exposure step.
- a compound having at least one group selected from the group consisting of a methylol group and an alkoxymethyl group is preferable, and at least one group selected from the group consisting of a methylol group and an alkoxymethyl group is a nitrogen atom.
- a compound having a structure directly bonded to is more preferable.
- an amino group-containing compound such as melamine, glycoluryl, urea, alkylene urea, or benzoguanamine is reacted with formaldehyde or formaldehyde and alcohol, and the hydrogen atom of the amino group is changed to a methylol group or an alkoxymethyl group.
- examples thereof include compounds having a substituted structure.
- the method for producing these compounds is not particularly limited, and any compound having the same structure as the compound produced by the above method may be used. Further, it may be an oligomer formed by self-condensing the methylol groups of these compounds.
- the cross-linking agent using melamine is a melamine-based cross-linking agent
- the cross-linking agent using glycoluril, urea or alkylene urea is a urea-based cross-linking agent
- the cross-linking agent using alkylene urea is an alkylene urea-based cross-linking agent.
- a cross-linking agent using an agent or benzoguanamine is called a benzoguanamine-based cross-linking agent.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention preferably contains at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a urea-based cross-linking agent and a melamine-based cross-linking agent, and preferably contains a glycoluril-based cross-linking agent and melamine, which will be described later. It is more preferable to contain at least one compound selected from the group consisting of system cross-linking agents.
- melamine-based cross-linking agent examples include hexamethoxymethylmelamine, hexaethoxymethylmelamine, hexapropoxymethylmelamine, hexabutoxybutyl melamine and the like.
- urea-based cross-linking agent examples include monohydroxymethylated glycol uryl, dihydroxymethylated glycol uryl, trihydroxymethylated glycol uryl, tetrahydroxymethylated glycol uryl, monomethoxymethylated glycol uryl, and dimethoxymethylated glycol uryl.
- Glycoluryl-based cross-linking agent such as bismethoxymethylurea, bisethoxymethylurea, bispropoxymethylurea, and bisbutoxymethylurea, Monohydroxymethylated ethylene urea or dihydroxymethylated ethylene urea, monomethoxymethylated ethylene urea, dimethoxymethylated ethylene urea, monoethoxymethylated ethylene urea, diethoxymethylated ethylene urea, monopropoxymethylated ethylene urea, dipropoxymethyl Ethylene urea-based cross-linking agents such as ethylene fluoride, monobutoxymethylated ethylene urea, or dibutoxymethylated ethylene urea, Monohydroxymethylated propylene urea, dihydroxymethylated propylene urea, monomethoxymethylated propylene urea, dimethoxymethylated propylene urea, monodiethoxymethylated propylene urea, diethoxymethylated propylene urea,
- benzoguanamine-based cross-linking agent examples include monohydroxymethylated benzoguanamine, dihydroxymethylated benzoguanamine, trihydroxymethylated benzoguanamine, tetrahydroxymethylated benzoguanamine, monomethoxymethylated benzoguanamine, dimethoxymethylated benzoguanamine, and trimethoxymethylated benzoguanamine.
- Tetramethoxymethylated benzoguanamine Tetramethoxymethylated benzoguanamine, monomethoxymethylated benzoguanamine, dimethoxymethylated benzoguanamine, trimethoxymethylated benzoguanamine, tetraethoxymethylated benzoguanamine, monopropoxymethylated benzoguanamine, dipropoxymethylated benzoguanamine, tripropoxymethylated benzoguanamine, tetrapropoxy Methylated benzoguanamine, monobutoxymethylated benzoguanamine, dibutoxymethylated benzoguanamine, tributoxymethylated benzoguanamine, tetrabutoxymethylated benzoguanamine and the like can be mentioned.
- a compound having at least one group selected from the group consisting of a methylol group and an alkoxymethyl group at least one selected from the group consisting of a methylol group and an alkoxymethyl group on an aromatic ring (preferably a benzene ring).
- a compound to which a group is directly bonded is also preferably used.
- Specific examples of such compounds include benzenedimethanol, bis (hydroxymethyl) cresol, bis (hydroxymethyl) dimethoxybenzene, bis (hydroxymethyl) diphenyl ether, bis (hydroxymethyl) benzophenone, and hydroxymethylphenyl hydroxymethylbenzoate.
- suitable commercially available products include 46DMOC, 46DMOEP (all manufactured by Asahi Organic Materials Industry Co., Ltd.), DML-PC, DML-PEP, DML-OC, and DML-OEP.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention preferably contains at least one compound selected from the group consisting of an epoxy compound, an oxetane compound, and a benzoxazine compound as another cross-linking agent.
- Epoxy compound (compound having an epoxy group)
- the epoxy compound is preferably a compound having two or more epoxy groups in one molecule.
- the epoxy group undergoes a cross-linking reaction at 200 ° C. or lower, and the dehydration reaction derived from the cross-linking does not occur, so that film shrinkage is unlikely to occur. Therefore, the inclusion of the epoxy compound is effective in suppressing low-temperature curing and warpage of the curable resin composition.
- the epoxy compound preferably contains a polyethylene oxide group.
- the polyethylene oxide group means that the number of repeating units of ethylene oxide is 2 or more, and the number of repeating units is preferably 2 to 15.
- epoxy compounds include bisphenol A type epoxy resin; bisphenol F type epoxy resin; propylene glycol diglycidyl ether, neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, butylene glycol diglycidyl ether, hexamethylene glycol diglycidyl ether. , Trimethylol propantriglycidyl ether and other alkylene glycol type epoxy resins or polyhydric alcohol hydrocarbon type epoxy resins; polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether and other polyalkylene glycol type epoxy resins; polymethyl (glycidyloxypropyl) siloxane and other epoxy groups Examples include, but are not limited to, containing silicones.
- oxetane compound compound having an oxetanyl group
- examples of the oxetane compound include compounds having two or more oxetane rings in one molecule, 3-ethyl-3-hydroxymethyloxetane, 1,4-bis ⁇ [(3-ethyl-3-oxetanyl) methoxy] methyl ⁇ benzene, and the like.
- examples thereof include 3-ethyl-3- (2-ethylhexylmethyl) oxetane, 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid-bis [(3-ethyl-3-oxetanyl) methyl] ester and the like.
- the Aron Oxetane series manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd. (for example, OXT-121, OXT-221, OXT-191, OXT-223) can be preferably used, and these can be used alone. Alternatively, two or more types may be mixed.
- Benzoxazine compound (compound having a benzoxazolyl group) Since the benzoxazine compound is a cross-linking reaction derived from the ring-opening addition reaction, degassing does not occur during curing, and heat shrinkage is further reduced to suppress the occurrence of warpage, which is preferable.
- benzoxazine compound are BA type benzoxazine, Bm type benzoxazine, Pd type benzoxazine, FA type benzoxazine (trade name, manufactured by Shikoku Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.), poly.
- examples thereof include a benzoxazine adduct of a hydroxystyrene resin and a phenol novolac type dihydrobenzoxazine compound. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the other cross-linking agent is preferably 0.1 to 30% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 20% by mass, based on the total solid content of the curable resin composition of the present invention. It is more preferably 0.5 to 15% by mass, and particularly preferably 1.0 to 10% by mass.
- the other cross-linking agent may contain only one type, or may contain two or more types. When two or more other cross-linking agents are contained, the total is preferably in the above range.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention was selected from the group consisting of a compound having a sulfonamide structure and a compound having a thiourea structure. It is preferable to further contain at least one compound.
- the sulfonamide structure is a structure represented by the following formula (S-1).
- R represents a hydrogen atom or an organic group
- R may be bonded to another structure to form a ring structure
- * may independently form a binding site with another structure. show.
- the R is preferably the same group as R 2 in the following formula (S-2).
- the compound having a sulfonamide structure may be a compound having two or more sulfonamide structures, but a compound having one sulfonamide structure is preferable.
- the compound having a sulfonamide structure is preferably a compound represented by the following formula (S-2).
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group, and two or more of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are bonded to each other. It may form a ring structure. It is preferable that R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are independently monovalent organic groups.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 include a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkyl ether group, an alkylsilyl group, an alkoxysilyl group, an aryl group, an aryl ether group, and a carboxy group.
- examples thereof include a carbonyl group, an allyl group, a vinyl group, a heterocyclic group, or a group in which two or more of these are combined.
- the alkyl group an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is preferable, and an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- alkyl group examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, an isopropyl group, a 2-ethylhexyl group and the like.
- a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms is preferable, and a cycloalkyl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- examples of the cycloalkyl group include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group and the like.
- an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is preferable, and an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- Examples of the alkoxy group include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, a pentoxy group and the like.
- As the alkoxysilyl group an alkoxysilyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is preferable, and an alkoxysilyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- Examples of the alkoxysilyl group include a methoxysilyl group, an ethoxysilyl group, a propoxysilyl group and a butoxysilyl group.
- aryl group an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms is preferable, and an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- the aryl group may have a substituent such as an alkyl group. Examples of the aryl group include a phenyl group, a tolyl group, a xylyl group and a naphthyl group.
- heterocyclic group examples include a triazole ring, a pyrrole ring, a furan ring, a thiophene ring, an imidazole ring, an oxazole ring, a thiazole ring, a pyrazole ring, an isooxazole ring, an isothiazole ring, a tetrazole ring, a pyridine ring, a pyridazine ring, and a pyrimididine ring.
- R 1 is an aryl group and R 2 and R 3 are independently hydrogen atoms or alkyl groups are preferable.
- Examples of compounds having a sulfonamide structure include benzenesulfonamide, dimethylbenzenesulfonamide, N-butylbenzenesulfonamide, sulfanylamide, o-toluenesulfonamide, p-toluenesulfonamide, hydroxynaphthalenesulfonamide, naphthalene-1.
- the thiourea structure is a structure represented by the following formula (T-1).
- R 4 and R 5 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group, and R 4 and R 5 may be combined to form a ring structure, where R 4 is.
- the ring structure may be formed by combining with other structures to which * is bonded, R 5 may be combined with other structures to which * is bonded to form a ring structure, and * may be independently and others. Represents the site of connection with the structure of.
- R 4 and R 5 are independently hydrogen atoms.
- R 4 and R 5 include a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkyl ether group, an alkylsilyl group, an alkoxysilyl group, an aryl group, an aryl ether group, a carboxy group, and a carbonyl group.
- examples thereof include an allyl group, a vinyl group, a heterocyclic group, or a group in which two or more of these are combined.
- the alkyl group an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is preferable, and an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- alkyl group examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, an isopropyl group, a 2-ethylhexyl group and the like.
- a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms is preferable, and a cycloalkyl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- examples of the cycloalkyl group include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group and the like.
- an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is preferable, and an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- Examples of the alkoxy group include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, a pentoxy group and the like.
- As the alkoxysilyl group an alkoxysilyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is preferable, and an alkoxysilyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- Examples of the alkoxysilyl group include a methoxysilyl group, an ethoxysilyl group, a propoxysilyl group and a butoxysilyl group.
- aryl group an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms is preferable, and an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- the aryl group may have a substituent such as an alkyl group. Examples of the aryl group include a phenyl group, a tolyl group, a xylyl group and a naphthyl group.
- heterocyclic group examples include a triazole ring, a pyrrole ring, a furan ring, a thiophene ring, an imidazole ring, an oxazole ring, a thiazole ring, a pyrazole ring, an isooxazole ring, an isothiazole ring, a tetrazole ring, a pyridine ring, a pyridazine ring, and a pyrimididine ring.
- the compound having a thiourea structure may be a compound having two or more thiourea structures, but a compound having one thiourea structure is preferable.
- the compound having a thiourea structure is preferably a compound represented by the following formula (T-2).
- R 4 to R 7 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group, and at least two of R 4 to R 7 are bonded to each other to form a ring structure. You may.
- R 4 and R 5 have the same meanings as R 4 and R 5 in formula (T-1), a preferable embodiment thereof is also the same.
- R 6 and R 7 are independently monovalent organic groups.
- the preferred embodiment of the monovalent organic group in R 6 and R 7 is the same as the preferred embodiment of the monovalent organic group in R 4 and R 5 in the formula (T-1). ..
- Examples of compounds having a thiourea structure include N-acetylthiourea, N-allyl thiourea, N-allyl-N'-(2-hydroxyethyl) thiourea, 1-adamantyl thiourea, N-benzoyl thiourea, N, N'-.
- Diphenylthiourea 1-benzyl-phenylthiourea, 1,3-dibutylthiourea, 1,3-diisopropylthiourea, 1,3-dicyclohexylthiourea, 1- (3- (trimethoxysilyl) propyl) -3-methylthiourea, trimethyl Examples thereof include thiourea, tetramethylthiourea, N, N-diphenylthiourea, ethylenethiourea (2-imidazolinthione), carbimazole, and 1,3-dimethyl-2-thiohydranthin.
- the total content of the compound having a sulfonamide structure and the compound having a thiourea structure is preferably 0.05 to 10% by mass, preferably 0.1 to 5% by mass, based on the total mass of the curable resin composition of the present invention. It is more preferably%, and further preferably 0.2 to 3% by mass.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention may contain only one compound selected from the group consisting of a compound having a sulfonamide structure and a compound having a thiourea structure, or may contain two or more compounds. When only one type is contained, the content of the compound is preferably within the above range, and when two or more types are contained, the total amount thereof is preferably within the above range.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention preferably further contains a migration inhibitor.
- a migration inhibitor By including the migration inhibitor, it is possible to effectively suppress the movement of metal ions derived from the metal layer (metal wiring) into the curable resin composition layer.
- the migration inhibitor is not particularly limited, but a heterocycle (pyrazole ring, furan ring, thiophene ring, imidazole ring, triazole ring, oxazole ring, thiazole ring, pyrazole ring, isoxazole ring, isothiazole ring, tetrazole ring, etc.
- a heterocycle pyrazole ring, furan ring, thiophene ring, imidazole ring, triazole ring, oxazole ring, thiazole ring, pyrazole ring, isoxazole ring, isothiazole ring, tetrazole ring, etc.
- triazole compounds such as 1,2,4-triazole, benzotriazole, 5-methylbenzotriazole, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole, Tetrazole-based compounds such as 1H-tetrazole, 5-phenyltetrazole and 5-amino-1H-tetrazole, and purine-based compounds such as purine, adenin and guanine can be preferably used.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention has 5-methylbenzotriazole, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, and 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole as migration inhibitors.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention preferably contains a compound having an amino group as a migration inhibitor, more preferably contains a compound having a heterocycle and an amino group, and contains an imidazole ring, a triazole ring, and an oxazole ring.
- an ion trap agent that traps anions such as halogen ions can also be used.
- Examples of other migration inhibitors include rust preventives described in paragraph 0094 of JP2013-015701, compounds described in paragraphs 0073 to 0076 of JP2009-283711, and JP2011-059656.
- the compounds described in paragraph 0052, the compounds described in paragraphs 0114, 0116 and 0118 of JP2012-194520A, the compounds described in paragraph 0166 of International Publication No. 2015/199219, and the like can be used.
- the migration inhibitor include the following compounds.
- the content of the migration inhibitor is preferably 0.01 to 5.0% by mass with respect to the total solid content of the curable resin composition, and is 0. It is more preferably 0.05 to 2.0% by mass, and further preferably 0.1 to 1.0% by mass.
- the migration inhibitor may be only one type or two or more types. When there are two or more types of migration inhibitors, the total is preferably in the above range.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention preferably contains a polymerization inhibitor.
- polymerization inhibitor examples include hydroquinone, o-methoxyphenol, p-methoxyphenol, di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, pyrogallol, p-tert-butylcatechol, 1,4-benzoquinone, and diphenyl-p-benzoquinone.
- the content of the polymerization inhibitor is, for example, 0.01 to 20.0% by mass with respect to the total solid content of the curable resin composition of the present invention. It is preferably 0.01 to 5% by mass, more preferably 0.02 to 3% by mass, and further preferably 0.05 to 2.5% by mass. Further, when the storage stability of the curable resin composition solution is required, an embodiment of 0.02 to 15.0% by mass is also preferable, and in that case, 0.05 to 10.0% by mass is more preferable. Is.
- the polymerization inhibitor may be only one type or two or more types. When there are two or more types of polymerization inhibitors, the total is preferably in the above range.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention preferably contains a metal adhesiveness improving agent for improving the adhesiveness with a metal material used for electrodes, wiring and the like.
- a metal adhesiveness improving agent for improving the adhesiveness with a metal material used for electrodes, wiring and the like.
- the metal adhesion improver include silane coupling agents, aluminum-based adhesive aids, titanium-based adhesive aids, compounds having a sulfonamide structure and compounds having a thiourea structure, phosphoric acid derivative compounds, ⁇ -ketoester compounds, amino compounds and the like. And so on.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention includes a silane coupling agent, an aluminum-based adhesive aid, a titanium-based adhesive aid, a compound having a sulfonamide structure, a compound having a thiourea structure, a phosphoric acid derivative compound, and ⁇ .
- -It is preferable to contain a ketoester compound, an amino compound and the like.
- silane coupling agent examples include the compounds described in paragraph 0167 of International Publication No. 2015/199219, the compounds described in paragraphs 0062 to 0073 of JP-A-2014-191002, paragraphs of International Publication No. 2011/080992.
- Examples include the compounds described in paragraph 0055. It is also preferable to use two or more different silane coupling agents as described in paragraphs 0050 to 0058 of JP2011-128358A. Further, it is also preferable to use the following compounds as the silane coupling agent.
- Et represents an ethyl group.
- silane coupling agents include, for example, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, 2- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-glycid.
- the compounds described in paragraphs 0046 to 0049 of JP2014-186186A and the sulfide compounds described in paragraphs 0032 to 0043 of JP2013-072935 can also be used. ..
- Aluminum-based adhesive aid examples include aluminum tris (ethylacetacetate), aluminumtris (acetylacetoneate), ethylacetacetate aluminum diisopropirate, and the like.
- the content of the metal adhesive improving agent is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 15 parts by mass, and further preferably 0. It is in the range of 5 to 5 parts by mass.
- the metal adhesiveness improving agent may be only one kind or two or more kinds. When two or more types are used, the total is preferably in the above range.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention preferably contains a metal adhesiveness improving agent for improving the adhesiveness with a metal material used for electrodes, wiring and the like.
- a metal adhesiveness improving agent for improving the adhesiveness with a metal material used for electrodes, wiring and the like.
- the metal adhesiveness improving agent the compounds described in paragraphs 0046 to 0049 of JP2014-186186A and the sulfide compounds described in paragraphs 0032 to 0043 of JP2013-072935 can also be used.
- the content of the metal adhesion improver is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 15 parts by mass, and further, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the heterocyclic polymer precursor. It is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 5 parts by mass. When it is at least the above lower limit value, the adhesiveness between the cured film and the metal layer after the curing step is good, and when it is at least the above upper limit value, the heat resistance and mechanical properties of the cured film after the curing step are good.
- the metal adhesiveness improving agent may be only one kind or two or more kinds. When two or more types are used, the total is preferably in the above range.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention contains various additives such as a sensitizer, a chain transfer agent, a surfactant, a higher fatty acid derivative, and inorganic particles, if necessary, as long as the effects of the present invention can be obtained.
- additives such as a sensitizer, a chain transfer agent, a surfactant, a higher fatty acid derivative, and inorganic particles, if necessary, as long as the effects of the present invention can be obtained.
- Curing agent, curing catalyst, filler, antioxidant, ultraviolet absorber, anti-aggregation agent and the like can be blended. When these additives are blended, the total blending amount is preferably 3% by mass or less of the solid content of the curable resin composition.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention may contain a sensitizer.
- the sensitizer absorbs specific active radiation and becomes an electron-excited state.
- the sensitizer in the electron-excited state comes into contact with a thermosetting accelerator, a thermal radical polymerization initiator, a photoradical polymerization initiator, or the like, and acts such as electron transfer, energy transfer, and heat generation occur.
- a thermosetting accelerator, the thermal radical polymerization initiator, and the photoradical polymerization initiator undergo a chemical change and decompose to generate radicals, acids, or bases.
- Compounds such as system, cyanine system, phenothiazine system, pyropyrazole azomethine system, xanthene system, phthalocyanine system, penzopyran system, and indigo system can be used.
- sensitizer examples include Michler's ketone, 4,4'-bis (diethylamino) benzophenone, 2,5-bis (4'-diethylaminobenzal) cyclopentane, and 2,6-bis (4'-diethylaminobenzal).
- the content of the sensitizer may be 0.01 to 20% by mass with respect to the total solid content of the curable resin composition of the present invention. It is preferably 0.1 to 15% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 10% by mass.
- the sensitizer may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention may contain a chain transfer agent.
- Chain transfer agents are defined, for example, in the Polymer Dictionary, Third Edition (edited by the Society of Polymer Science, 2005), pp. 683-684.
- Examples of the chain transfer agent include RAFT (Reversible Addition Fragmentation chain Transfer), a group of compounds having -S-S-, -SO 2-S-, -NO-, SH, PH, SiH, and GeH in the molecule.
- Dithiobenzoate, trithiocarbonate, dithiocarbamate, xantate compound and the like having a thiocarbonylthio group used for polymerization are used. They can donate hydrogen to low-activity radicals to generate radicals, or they can be oxidized and then deprotonated to generate radicals.
- a thiol compound can be preferably used.
- the content of the chain transfer agent is 0.01 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total solid content of the curable resin composition of the present invention.
- 1 to 10 parts by mass is more preferable, and 1 to 5 parts by mass is further preferable.
- the chain transfer agent may be only one kind or two or more kinds. When there are two or more types of chain transfer agents, the total is preferably in the above range.
- Each type of surfactant may be added to the curable resin composition of the present invention from the viewpoint of further improving the coatability.
- the surfactant various types of surfactants such as fluorine-based surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants, and silicone-based surfactants can be used.
- the following surfactants are also preferable.
- the parentheses indicating the repeating unit of the main chain represent the content (mol%) of each repeating unit
- the parentheses indicating the repeating unit of the side chain represent the number of repetitions of each repeating unit.
- the surfactant the compound described in paragraphs 0159 to 0165 of International Publication No. 2015/199219 can also be used.
- a fluorine-based surfactant a fluorine-containing polymer having an ethylenically unsaturated group in the side chain can also be used as the fluorine-based surfactant.
- Specific examples include the compounds described in paragraphs 0050 to 0090 and paragraphs 0289 to 0295 of JP2010-164965, the contents of which are incorporated herein.
- Examples of commercially available products include Megafvck RS-101, RS-102, and RS-718K manufactured by DIC Corporation.
- the fluorine content in the fluorine-based surfactant is preferably 3 to 40% by mass, more preferably 5 to 30% by mass, and particularly preferably 7 to 25% by mass.
- a fluorine-based surfactant having a fluorine content within this range is effective in terms of uniformity of coating film thickness and liquid saving property, and has good solubility in the composition.
- silicone-based surfactant examples include Torre Silicone DC3PA, Torre Silicone SH7PA, Torre Silicone DC11PA, Torre Silicone SH21PA, Torre Silicone SH28PA, Torre Silicone SH29PA, Torre Silicone SH30PA, Torre Silicone SH8400 (all, Toray Dow Corning Co., Ltd.).
- TSF-4440, TSF-4300, TSF-4445, TSF-4460, TSF-4452 (all manufactured by Momentive Performance Materials Co., Ltd.), KP341, KF6001, KF6002 (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Silicone Co., Ltd.) ), BYK307, BYK323, BYK330 (all manufactured by Big Chemie Co., Ltd.) and the like.
- hydrocarbon-based surfactant examples include Pionin A-76, New Calgen FS-3PG, Pionin B-709, Pionin B-811-N, Pionin D-1004, Pionin D-3104, Pionin D-3605, and Pionin.
- Nonionic surfactants include glycerol, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolethane and their ethoxylates and propoxylates (eg, glycerol propoxylate, glycerol ethoxylate, etc.), polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene stearyl ether, etc. Examples thereof include polyoxyethylene oleyl ether, polyoxyethylene octylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether, polyethylene glycol dilaurate, polyethylene glycol distearate, and sorbitan fatty acid ester.
- organosiloxane polymer KP341 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.
- (meth) acrylic acid-based (co) polymer Polyflow No. 75, No. 77, No. 90, No. 95 manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.
- W001 manufactured by Yusho Co., Ltd.
- anionic surfactant examples include W004, W005, W017 (manufactured by Yusho Co., Ltd.), Sandet BL (manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and the like.
- the content of the surfactant is 0.001 to 2.0% by mass based on the total solid content of the curable resin composition of the present invention. It is preferably 0.005 to 1.0% by mass, more preferably 0.005 to 1.0% by mass.
- the surfactant may be only one kind or two or more kinds. When there are two or more types of surfactant, the total is preferably in the above range.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention has a curable resin composition in the process of drying after application by adding a higher fatty acid derivative such as behenic acid or behenic acid amide in order to prevent polymerization inhibition due to oxygen. It may be unevenly distributed on the surface of an object.
- a higher fatty acid derivative such as behenic acid or behenic acid amide
- the content of the higher fatty acid derivative is 0.1 to 10% by mass based on the total solid content of the curable resin composition of the present invention. Is preferable.
- the higher fatty acid derivative may be only one kind or two or more kinds. When there are two or more higher fatty acid derivatives, the total is preferably in the above range.
- the resin composition of the present invention may contain inorganic particles.
- specific examples of the inorganic particles include calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, silica, kaolin, talc, titanium dioxide, alumina, barium sulfate, calcium fluoride, lithium fluoride, zeolite, molybdenum sulfide, and glass.
- the average particle size of the inorganic particles is preferably 0.01 to 2.0 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.02 to 1.5 ⁇ m, further preferably 0.03 to 1.0 ⁇ m, and 0.04 to 0.5 ⁇ m. Especially preferable.
- the mechanical properties of the cured film may deteriorate.
- the average particle size of the inorganic particles exceeds 2.0 ⁇ m, the resolution may decrease due to scattering of exposure light.
- the composition of the present invention may contain an ultraviolet absorber.
- an ultraviolet absorber such as salicylate-based, benzophenone-based, benzotriazole-based, substituted acrylonitrile-based, or triazine-based can be used.
- salicylate-based ultraviolet absorbers include phenyl salicylate, p-octylphenyl salicylate, pt-butylphenyl salicylate and the like
- benzophenone-based ultraviolet absorbers include 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-.
- Methoxybenzophenone, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxybenzophenone, 2,2', 4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2- Hydroxy-4-octoxybenzophenone and the like can be mentioned.
- benzotriazole-based ultraviolet absorbers include 2- (2'-hydroxy-3', 5'-di-tert-butylphenyl) -5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2- (2'-hydroxy-3).
- Examples of the substituted acrylonitrile-based ultraviolet absorber include ethyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate, and the like.
- the triazine-based ultraviolet absorber 2- [4-[(2-hydroxy-3-dodecyloxypropyl) oxy] -2-hydroxyphenyl] -4,6-bis (2,4-dimethylphenyl) )-1,3,5-Triazine, 2- [4-[(2-Hydroxy-3-tridecyloxypropyl) oxy] -2-hydroxyphenyl] -4,6-bis (2,4-dimethylphenyl) Mono (hydroxyphenyl) triazine compounds such as -1,3,5-triazine, 2- (2,4-dihydroxyphenyl) -4,6-bis (2,4-dimethylphenyl) -1,3,5-triazin
- the above-mentioned various ultraviolet absorbers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the composition of the present invention may or may not contain an ultraviolet absorber, but when it is contained, the content of the ultraviolet absorber is 0.001% by mass with respect to the total solid content mass of the composition of the present invention. It is preferably 1% by mass or less, and more preferably 0.01% by mass or more and 0.1% by mass or less.
- the resin composition of the present embodiment may contain an organic titanium compound. Since the resin composition contains an organic titanium compound, a resin layer having excellent chemical resistance can be formed even when cured at a low temperature.
- Examples of the organic titanium compound that can be used include those in which an organic group is bonded to a titanium atom via a covalent bond or an ionic bond.
- Specific examples of the organic titanium compound are shown in I) to VII) below:
- I) Titanium chelate compound Among them, a titanium chelate compound having two or more alkoxy groups is more preferable because the negative photosensitive resin composition has good storage stability and a good curing pattern can be obtained.
- Specific examples are titanium bis (triethanolamine) diisopropoxyside, titanium di (n-butoxide) bis (2,4-pentanionate, titanium diisopropoxyside bis (2,4-pentanionate)).
- Titanium diisopropoxyside bis tetramethylheptandionate
- titanium diisopropoxyside bis ethylacetacetate
- Tetraalkoxytitanium compounds For example, titanium tetra (n-butoxide), titanium tetraethoxide, titanium tetra (2-ethylhexoxyside), titanium tetraisobutoxide, titanium tetraisopropoxyside, titanium tetramethoxide.
- Titanium Tetramethoxypropoxyside Titanium Tetramethylphenoxide, Titanium Tetra (n-Noniloxide), Titanium Tetra (n-Propoxide), Titanium Tetrasteeryloxyside, Titanium Tetrakiss [Bis ⁇ 2,2- (Aryloxymethyl) Butokiside ⁇ ] etc.
- Titanosen compounds for example, pentamethylcyclopentadienyl titanium trimethoxide, bis ( ⁇ 5-2,4-cyclopentadiene-1-yl) bis (2,6-difluorophenyl) titanium, bis ( ⁇ 5-2, 2).
- Titanium oxide compound For example, titanium oxide bis (pentanionate), titanium oxide bis (tetramethylheptandionate), phthalocyanine titanium oxide and the like.
- Titanium tetraacetylacetone compound For example, titanium tetraacetylacetone.
- Titanate Coupling Agent For example, isopropyltridodecylbenzenesulfonyl titanate and the like.
- the organic titanium compound at least one compound selected from the group consisting of the above-mentioned I) titanium chelate compound, II) tetraalkoxytitanium compound, and III) titanocene compound has better chemical resistance. It is preferable from the viewpoint of playing.
- -Pyrrole-1-yl) phenyl) titanium is preferred.
- the blending amount is preferably 0.05 to 10 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 2 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the precursor of the cyclized resin. ..
- the blending amount is 0.05 parts by mass or more, good heat resistance and chemical resistance are exhibited in the obtained curing pattern, while when it is 10 parts by mass or less, the storage stability of the composition is excellent.
- the composition of the present invention may contain an antioxidant.
- an antioxidant By containing an antioxidant as an additive, it is possible to improve the elongation characteristics of the film after curing and the adhesion with a metal material.
- the antioxidant include phenol compounds, phosphite ester compounds, thioether compounds and the like.
- the phenol compound any phenol compound known as a phenolic antioxidant can be used.
- Preferred phenolic compounds include hindered phenolic compounds.
- a compound having a substituent at a site (ortho position) adjacent to the phenolic hydroxy group is preferable.
- a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms is preferable.
- a compound having a phenol group and a phosphite ester group in the same molecule is also preferable.
- a phosphorus-based antioxidant can also be preferably used.
- a phosphorus-based antioxidant tris [2-[[2,4,8,10-tetrakis (1,1-dimethylethyl) dibenzo [d, f] [1,3,2] dioxaphosfepine-6 -Il] Oxy] Ethyl] amine, Tris [2-[(4,6,9,11-tetra-tert-butyldibenzo [d, f] [1,3,2] dioxaphosfepin-2-yl] ) Oxy] ethyl] amine, ethylbis phosphite (2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl) and the like.
- antioxidants include, for example, Adekastab AO-20, Adekastab AO-30, Adekastab AO-40, Adekastab AO-50, Adekastab AO-50F, Adekastab AO-60, Adekastab AO-60G, Adekastab AO-80. , ADEKA STAB AO-330 (above, manufactured by ADEKA Corporation) and the like.
- the antioxidant the compounds described in paragraphs 0023 to 0048 of Japanese Patent No. 6268967 can also be used.
- the composition of the present invention may contain a latent antioxidant, if necessary.
- the latent antioxidant is a compound in which the site that functions as an antioxidant is protected by a protecting group, and is heated at 100 to 250 ° C. or at 80 to 200 ° C. in the presence of an acid / base catalyst. As a result, a compound in which the protecting group is eliminated and functions as an antioxidant can be mentioned.
- Examples of the latent antioxidant include compounds described in International Publication No. 2014/021023, International Publication No. 2017/030005, and JP-A-2017-008219.
- Examples of commercially available products of latent antioxidants include ADEKA ARKULS GPA-5001 (manufactured by ADEKA Corporation) and the like.
- preferred antioxidants include 2,2-thiobis (4-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 2,6-di-t-butylphenol and compounds represented by the general formula (3).
- R 5 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms
- R 6 represents an alkylene group having 2 or more carbon atoms
- R 7 represents a 1- to tetravalent organic group containing at least one of an alkylene group having 2 or more carbon atoms, an O atom, and an N atom
- k represents an integer of 1 to 4.
- the compound represented by the general formula (3) suppresses oxidative deterioration of aliphatic groups and phenolic hydroxyl groups of the resin.
- metal oxidation can be suppressed by the rust preventive action on the metal material.
- k is more preferably an integer of 2 to 4.
- R7 include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkyl ether group, an alkylsilyl group, an alkoxysilyl group, an aryl group, an arylether group, a carboxyl group, a carbonyl group, an allyl group, a vinyl group, a heterocyclic group, and-.
- R7 include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkyl ether group, an alkylsilyl group, an alkoxysilyl group, an aryl group, an arylether group, a carboxyl group, a carbonyl group, an allyl group, a vinyl group, a heterocyclic group, and-.
- Examples thereof include O-, -NH-, -NHNH-, and combinations thereof, and may further have a substituent.
- alkyl ether and -NH- from the viewpoint of solubility in a developing solution and metal adhesion, and -NH- is more preferable from the viewpoint of metal adhesion due to interaction with resin and metal complex formation. preferable.
- Examples of the compound represented by the following general formula (3) include the following, but the compound is not limited to the following structure.
- the amount of the antioxidant added is preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 5 parts by mass with respect to the resin. If the amount added is less than 0.1 parts by mass, it is difficult to obtain the effect of improving the elongation characteristics after reliability and the adhesion to the metal material, and if it is more than 10 parts by mass, it is due to the interaction with the photosensitizer. , There is a risk of lowering the sensitivity of the resin composition. Only one type of antioxidant may be used, or two or more types may be used. When two or more kinds are used, it is preferable that the total amount thereof is within the above range.
- the water content of the curable resin composition of the present invention is preferably less than 5% by mass, more preferably less than 1% by mass, and even more preferably less than 0.6% by mass from the viewpoint of coating surface properties.
- Examples of the method for maintaining the water content include adjusting the humidity under storage conditions and reducing the porosity of the storage container.
- the metal content of the curable resin composition of the present invention is preferably less than 5 mass ppm (parts per million), more preferably less than 1 mass ppm, still more preferably less than 0.5 mass ppm, from the viewpoint of insulating properties.
- the metal include sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, iron, chromium, nickel and the like. When a plurality of metals are contained, the total of these metals is preferably in the above range.
- a raw material having a low metal content is selected as a raw material constituting the curable resin composition of the present invention.
- Methods such as filtering the raw materials constituting the curable resin composition of the present invention with a filter, lining the inside of the apparatus with polytetrafluoroethylene or the like, and performing distillation under conditions in which contamination is suppressed as much as possible can be mentioned. be able to.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention preferably has a halogen atom content of less than 500 mass ppm, more preferably less than 300 mass ppm, and more preferably 200 mass ppm from the viewpoint of wiring corrosiveness. Less than ppm is more preferred. Among them, those existing in the state of halogen ions are preferably less than 5 mass ppm, more preferably less than 1 mass ppm, and even more preferably less than 0.5 mass ppm.
- the halogen atom include a chlorine atom and a bromine atom. It is preferable that the total of chlorine atom and bromine atom, or chlorine ion and bromine ion is in the above range, respectively.
- ion exchange treatment and the like are preferably mentioned.
- a conventionally known storage container can be used as the storage container for the curable resin composition of the present invention.
- a multi-layer bottle having the inner wall of the container composed of 6 types and 6 layers of resin and 6 types of resin are used. It is also preferable to use a bottle having a layered structure. Examples of such a container include the container described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2015-123351.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention is preferably used for forming an interlayer insulating film for a rewiring layer. In addition, it can also be used for forming an insulating film of a semiconductor device, forming a stress buffer film, and the like.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention is used for storage in a storage container at least once for refrigeration at ⁇ 15 to 16 ° C., and is a curable resin composition for the total storage volume of the storage container during refrigeration.
- the filling rate of the above is preferably 50 to 90%. It is presumed that the curable resin composition of the present invention can provide a resin film having excellent film thickness uniformity even after such storage.
- Examples of the storage container include the above-mentioned storage container.
- the refrigerating temperature is preferably 1 to 12 ° C, more preferably 3 to 10 ° C.
- the time of refrigeration (when subjected to a plurality of refrigerations, the total time of the plurality of refrigerations) is preferably 1 hour to 100 days, more preferably 12 hours to 30 days. ..
- the above storage is preferably performed under light-shielded conditions.
- the filling rate is calculated as the total product of the curable resin composition with respect to the total storage volume of the storage container, and is preferably 50 to
- the curable resin composition of the present invention can be prepared by mixing each of the above components.
- the mixing method is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known method can be used.
- the filter pore diameter may be, for example, 5 ⁇ m or less, preferably 1 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or less.
- the filter material is preferably polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene or nylon.
- the filter may be one that has been pre-cleaned with an organic solvent.
- a plurality of types of filters may be connected in series or in parallel. When using a plurality of types of filters, filters having different pore diameters or materials may be used in combination. Moreover, you may filter various materials a plurality of times.
- circulation filtration may be used.
- the pressure to be pressurized is, for example, 0.01 MPa or more and 1.0 MPa or less, preferably 0.03 MPa or more and 0.9 MPa or less, and more preferably 0.05 MPa or more and 0.7 MPa or less. , 0.05 MPa or more and 0.3 MPa or less is more preferable.
- impurities may be removed using an adsorbent. Filter filtration and impurity removal treatment using an adsorbent may be combined.
- the adsorbent a known adsorbent can be used. Examples thereof include inorganic adsorbents such as silica gel and zeolite, and organic adsorbents such as activated carbon.
- the resin film of the present invention is obtained by applying the curable resin composition of the present invention to a base material.
- the application method and the type of the base material are not particularly limited, but the application method and the base material in the film forming step described later are preferably mentioned.
- the film thickness of the resin film the film thickness of the cured film described later can be set to the range described later.
- the film thickness of the resin film may be determined in consideration of shrinkage due to curing and the like.
- the cured film of the present invention is obtained by curing the curable resin composition of the present invention or the resin film of the present invention.
- the film thickness of the cured film of the present invention can be, for example, 0.5 ⁇ m or more, and can be 1 ⁇ m or more. Further, the upper limit value can be 100 ⁇ m or less, and can be 30 ⁇ m or less.
- the cured film of the present invention may be laminated in two or more layers, and further in three to seven layers to form a laminated body. It is preferable that the laminate of the present invention contains two or more cured films and includes a metal layer between any of the cured films. For example, a laminate containing at least a layer structure in which three layers of a first cured film, a metal layer, and a second cured film are laminated in this order is preferable.
- the first cured film and the second cured film are both cured films of the present invention.
- both the first cured film and the second cured film are curable of the present invention.
- a preferred embodiment is a film obtained by curing the resin composition.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention used for forming the first cured film and the curable resin composition of the present invention used for forming the second cured film have the same composition. It may be present, or it may be a composition having a different composition.
- the metal layer in the laminate of the present invention is preferably used as metal wiring such as a rewiring layer.
- Examples of applicable fields of the cured film of the present invention include an insulating film for a semiconductor device, an interlayer insulating film for a rewiring layer, a stress buffer film, and the like.
- Other examples include forming a pattern by etching on a sealing film, a substrate material (base film or coverlay of a flexible printed circuit board, an interlayer insulating film), or an insulating film for mounting purposes as described above.
- the cured film in the present invention can also be used for manufacturing plate surfaces such as offset plate surfaces or screen plate surfaces, for etching molded parts, and for manufacturing protective lacquers and dielectric layers in electronics, especially in microelectronics.
- the method for producing a cured film of the present invention is a film forming in which the curable resin composition of the present invention is applied to a substrate to form a film (resin film). It is preferable to include a step.
- the method for producing a cured film of the present invention preferably includes the film forming step, an exposure step for exposing the film, and a developing step for developing the film. Further, the method for producing a cured film of the present invention more preferably includes the film forming step and, if necessary, the developing step, and also includes a heating step of heating the film at 50 to 450 ° C. Specifically, it is also preferable to include the following steps (a) to (d).
- A Film forming step of applying the curable resin composition to a substrate to form a film (curable resin composition layer)
- Exposure step of exposing the film after the film forming step (c) Exposure Development step for developing the above-mentioned film
- the method for producing a laminate according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes the method for producing a cured film of the present invention.
- the method for producing the laminated body of the present embodiment is the step (a), the steps (a) to (c), or (a) after forming the cured film according to the above-mentioned method for producing the cured film. )-(D).
- a laminated body can be obtained.
- the production method includes a film forming step (layer forming step) in which the curable resin composition is applied to a substrate to form a film (layered). According to the film forming step, the resin film of the present invention can be obtained.
- the type of base material can be appropriately determined depending on the application, but semiconductor-made base materials such as silicon, silicon nitride, polysilicon, silicon oxide, and amorphous silicon, quartz, glass, optical film, ceramic material, and thin-film deposition film, There are no particular restrictions on magnetic film, reflective film, metal substrate such as Ni, Cu, Cr, Fe, paper, SOG (Spin On Glass), TFT (thin film transistor) array substrate, plasma display panel (PDP) electrode plate, and the like. Further, these base materials may be provided with a layer such as an adhesion layer or an oxide layer on the surface thereof.
- a semiconductor-made base material is particularly preferable, and a silicon base material, a Cu base material, and a molded resin base material are more preferable. Further, these substrates may be provided with a layer such as an adhesion layer or an oxide layer made of hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) or the like on the surface.
- HMDS hexamethyldisilazane
- the base material for example, a plate-shaped base material (board) is used as the base material.
- the shape of the base material is not particularly limited, and may be circular or rectangular, but is preferably rectangular.
- the size of the base material is, for example, 100 to 450 mm in diameter, preferably 200 to 450 mm in a circular shape. If it is rectangular, for example, the length of the short side is 100 to 1000 mm, preferably 200 to 700 mm.
- the resin layer or the metal layer serves as a base material.
- Coating is preferable as a means for applying the curable resin composition to the base material.
- the inkjet method and the like are exemplified. From the viewpoint of the uniformity of the thickness of the curable resin composition layer, a spin coating method, a slit coating method, a spray coating method, and an inkjet method are more preferable.
- a resin layer having a desired thickness can be obtained by adjusting an appropriate solid content concentration and coating conditions according to the method. Further, the coating method can be appropriately selected depending on the shape of the base material.
- a spin coating method, a spray coating method, an inkjet method, etc. are preferable, and for a rectangular base material, a slit coating method or a spray coating method is used.
- the method, the inkjet method and the like are preferable.
- the spin coating method for example, it may be applied at a rotation speed of 300 to 3,500 rpm for 10 to 180 seconds, and it may be applied at a rotation speed of 500 to 2,000 rpm for about 10 seconds to 1 minute. can. Further, it is also possible to apply a method of transferring a coating film previously formed on a temporary support by the above-mentioned application method onto a substrate.
- a plurality of rotation speeds can be combined and applied.
- the transfer method the production method described in paragraphs 0023, 0036 to 0051 of JP-A-2006-023696 and paragraphs 096 to 0108 of JP-A-2006-047592 can be preferably used in the present invention.
- a step of removing the excess film at the edge of the base material may be performed. Examples of such a process include edge bead rinse (EBR), air knife, back rinse and the like.
- EBR edge bead rinse
- a pre-wetting step of applying various solvents to the base material before applying the resin composition to the base material to improve the wettability of the base material and then applying the resin composition may be adopted.
- the production method of the present invention may include a step of forming the film (curable resin composition layer), followed by a film forming step (layer forming step), and then drying to remove the solvent.
- the preferred drying temperature is 50 to 150 ° C., more preferably 70 ° C. to 130 ° C., still more preferably 90 ° C. to 110 ° C.
- the drying time is exemplified by 30 seconds to 20 minutes, preferably 1 minute to 10 minutes, and more preferably 3 minutes to 7 minutes. If the amount of solvent in the curable resin composition solution is large, vacuum drying and heat drying can also be combined.
- a hot plate, a hot air oven, or the like is used for heat drying, and the heating and drying is not particularly limited.
- the production method of the present invention may include an exposure step of exposing the film (curable resin composition layer).
- the amount of exposure is not particularly determined as long as the curable resin composition can be cured, but for example, it is preferable to irradiate 100 to 10,000 mJ / cm 2 in terms of exposure energy at a wavelength of 365 nm, and 200 to 8,000 mJ /. It is more preferable to irradiate with cm 2.
- the exposure wavelength can be appropriately determined in the range of 190 to 1,000 nm, preferably 240 to 550 nm.
- the exposure wavelengths are (1) semiconductor laser (wavelength 830 nm, 532 nm, 488 nm, 405 nm etc.), (2) metal halide lamp, (3) high-pressure mercury lamp, g-ray (wavelength 436 nm), h.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention is particularly preferably exposed to a high-pressure mercury lamp, and above all, to be exposed to i-rays.
- a broad (three wavelengths of g, h, and i rays) light source of a high-pressure mercury lamp and a semiconductor laser of 405 nm are also suitable.
- the exposure method is not particularly limited as long as it exposes at least a part of the film made of the resin composition of the present invention, but exposure using a photomask, exposure by a laser direct imaging method, or the like is possible. Can be mentioned.
- the production method of the present invention may include a developing step of developing (developing the above-mentioned film) the exposed film (curable resin composition layer).
- a developing step of developing developing the above-mentioned film
- the exposed film curable resin composition layer
- an unexposed portion non-exposed portion
- the developing method is not particularly limited as long as a desired pattern can be formed, and examples thereof include ejection of a developing solution from a nozzle, spray spraying, immersion of a developing solution in a base material, and the like, and ejection from a nozzle is preferably used.
- the developing process includes a process in which the developing solution is continuously supplied to the base material, a step in which the developing solution is kept in a substantially stationary state on the base material, a step in which the developing solution is vibrated by ultrasonic waves or the like, and a combination thereof. Processes can be adopted.
- the developing solution can be used without particular limitation as long as the unexposed portion (non-exposed portion) is removed.
- a developing solution containing an organic solvent or an alkaline aqueous solution can be used.
- the developer preferably contains an organic solvent having a ClogP value of -1 to 5, and more preferably contains an organic solvent having a ClogP value of 0 to 3.
- the ClogP value can be obtained as a calculated value by inputting a structural formula in ChemBioDraw.
- the organic solvent may be, as esters, for example, ethyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, amyl formate, isoamyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, butyl propionate, isopropyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate.
- alkyl alkyloxyacetate eg, methyl alkyloxyacetate, ethyl alkyloxyacetate, butyl alkyloxyacetate (eg, methyl methoxyacetate) , Ethyl methoxyacetate, butyl methoxyacetate, methyl ethoxyacetate, ethyl ethoxyacetate, etc.
- 3-alkyloxypropionate alkyl esters eg, methyl 3-alkyloxypropionate, ethyl 3-alkyloxypropionate, etc.) , 3-Methylpropionate, ethyl 3-methoxypropionate, methyl 3-ethoxypropionate, ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate, etc.)
- the developer is a developer containing an organic solvent
- cyclopentanone and ⁇ -butyrolactone are particularly preferable, and cyclopentanone is more preferable in the present invention.
- the developing solution may contain a surfactant.
- the developer is a developer containing an organic solvent
- 50% by mass or more of the developer is preferably an organic solvent
- 70% by mass or more is more preferably an organic solvent
- 90% by mass or more is organic. It is more preferably a solvent.
- the developing solution may be 100% by mass of an organic solvent.
- the developing solution is an alkaline aqueous solution
- examples of the basic compound that the alkaline aqueous solution can contain include TMAH (tetramethylammonium hydroxide), KOH (potassium hydroxide), sodium carbonate and the like, and TMAH is preferable. ..
- TMAH tetramethylammonium hydroxide
- KOH potassium hydroxide
- sodium carbonate sodium carbonate
- TMAH is preferable.
- the content of the basic compound in the developer is preferably 0.01 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 5% by mass, and 0.3 to 3% by mass in the total mass of the developer. Is more preferable.
- the method of supplying the developing solution is not particularly limited as long as a desired pattern can be formed, and the method of immersing the base material on which the film is formed in the developing solution and the method of supplying the developing solution to the film formed on the base material using a nozzle.
- the type of nozzle is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a straight nozzle, a shower nozzle, and a spray nozzle.
- the method of supplying the developer with a straight nozzle or the method of continuously supplying the developer with a spray nozzle is preferable, and the developer is supplied to the image area. From the viewpoint of permeability, the method of supplying with a spray nozzle is more preferable. Further, after the developing solution is continuously supplied by the straight nozzle, the base material is spun to remove the developing solution from the base material, and after spin drying, the developing solution is continuously supplied by the straight nozzle again, and then the base material is spun to use the developing solution as the base material. A step of removing from the top may be adopted, and this step may be repeated a plurality of times.
- a step in which the developer is continuously supplied to the base material a step in which the developer is kept in a substantially stationary state on the base material, and a step in which the developer is superposed on the base material.
- a process of vibrating with a sound wave or the like and a process of combining them can be adopted.
- the development time is preferably 10 seconds to 5 minutes.
- the temperature of the developing solution at the time of development is not particularly specified, but is usually 20 to 40 ° C.
- rinsing After the treatment with the developing solution, further rinsing may be performed.
- the rinsing is preferably performed with a solvent different from that of the developing solution.
- a solvent different from that of the developing solution For example, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate can be mentioned.
- the rinsing time is preferably 5 seconds to 5 minutes.
- a step of applying both a developer and a rinse solution may be included between the development and the rinse. The time of the above step is preferably 1 second to 5 minutes.
- rinsing can be performed using a solvent contained in the curable resin composition.
- the rinse solution may further contain other components.
- other components include known surfactants and known defoamers.
- the method of supplying the rinse liquid is not particularly limited as long as a desired pattern can be formed, and the method of immersing the base material in the rinse liquid, the method of supplying the base material with a paddle, the method of supplying the base material with the rinse liquid by a shower, and the base.
- the method of supplying the rinse liquid with a spray nozzle is more preferable.
- the type of nozzle is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a straight nozzle, a shower nozzle, and a spray nozzle. That is, the rinsing step is preferably a step of supplying the rinsing liquid to the exposed film by a straight nozzle or continuously, and more preferably a step of supplying the rinsing liquid by a spray nozzle.
- a step of continuously supplying the rinse liquid to the base material, a step of keeping the rinse liquid in a substantially stationary state on the base material, and a step of superimposing the rinse liquid on the base material A process of vibrating with a sound conditioner or the like and a process of combining them can be adopted.
- the rinse solution include PGMEA (propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate), IPA (isopropanol), and the like, preferably PGMEA.
- water is preferable as the rinsing solution for development with a developing solution containing an alkaline aqueous solution.
- the rinsing time is preferably 5 seconds to 1 minute.
- the production method of the present invention preferably includes a step (heating step) of heating the developed film at 50 to 450 ° C.
- the heating step is preferably included after the film forming step (layer forming step), the drying step, and the developing step.
- the above-mentioned thermal base generator decomposes to generate a base, and the cyclization reaction of the precursor, which is a specific resin, proceeds.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention may contain a radically polymerizable compound other than the precursor which is a specific resin, but may also cure a radically polymerizable compound other than the precursor which is an unreacted specific resin. It can be advanced in this step.
- the heating temperature (maximum heating temperature) of the layer in the heating step is preferably 50 ° C. or higher, more preferably 80 ° C. or higher, further preferably 140 ° C. or higher, and 150 ° C. or higher. Is even more preferable, 160 ° C. or higher is even more preferable, and 170 ° C. or higher is even more preferable.
- the upper limit is preferably 500 ° C. or lower, more preferably 450 ° C. or lower, further preferably 350 ° C. or lower, further preferably 250 ° C. or lower, and preferably 220 ° C. or lower. Even more preferable.
- the heating is preferably performed at a heating rate of 1 to 12 ° C./min from the temperature at the start of heating to the maximum heating temperature, more preferably 2 to 10 ° C./min, and even more preferably 3 to 10 ° C./min.
- a heating rate of 1 to 12 ° C./min from the temperature at the start of heating to the maximum heating temperature, more preferably 2 to 10 ° C./min, and even more preferably 3 to 10 ° C./min.
- the temperature at the start of heating it is preferable to carry out from the temperature at the start of heating to the maximum heating temperature at a heating rate of 1 to 8 ° C./sec, more preferably 2 to 7 ° C./sec, and 3 to 6 ° C. °C / sec is more preferable.
- the temperature at the start of heating is preferably 20 ° C. to 150 ° C., more preferably 20 ° C. to 130 ° C., and even more preferably 25 ° C. to 120 ° C.
- the temperature at the start of heating refers to the temperature at which the process of heating to the maximum heating temperature is started.
- the temperature of the film (layer) after drying is higher than, for example, the boiling point of the solvent contained in the curable resin composition. It is preferable to gradually raise the temperature from a temperature as low as 30 to 200 ° C.
- the heating time (heating time at the maximum heating temperature) is preferably 10 to 360 minutes, more preferably 20 to 300 minutes, and even more preferably 30 to 240 minutes.
- the heating temperature is preferably 180 ° C. to 320 ° C., more preferably 180 ° C. to 260 ° C., from the viewpoint of adhesion between layers of the cured film. The reason is not clear, but it is considered that the ethynyl groups of the specific resin between the layers are undergoing a cross-linking reaction at this temperature.
- Heating may be performed in stages. As an example, the temperature is raised from 25 ° C. to 180 ° C. at 3 ° C./min and held at 180 ° C. for 60 minutes, the temperature is raised from 180 ° C. to 200 ° C. at 2 ° C./min, and held at 200 ° C. for 120 minutes. , Etc. may be performed.
- the heating temperature as the pretreatment step is preferably 100 to 200 ° C., more preferably 110 to 190 ° C., and even more preferably 120 to 185 ° C. In this pretreatment step, it is also preferable to perform the treatment while irradiating with ultraviolet rays as described in US Pat. No. 9,159,547.
- the pretreatment step is preferably performed in a short time of about 10 seconds to 2 hours, more preferably 15 seconds to 30 minutes.
- the pretreatment may be performed in two or more steps.
- the pretreatment step 1 may be performed in the range of 100 to 150 ° C.
- the pretreatment step 2 may be performed in the range of 150 to 200 ° C.
- cooling may be performed after heating, and the cooling rate in this case is preferably 1 to 5 ° C./min.
- the heating step is performed in an atmosphere having a low oxygen concentration by flowing an inert gas such as nitrogen, helium, or argon, or by performing the heating step in a vacuum in order to prevent decomposition of the specific resin.
- the oxygen concentration is preferably 50 ppm (volume ratio) or less, and more preferably 20 ppm (volume ratio) or less.
- the heating means is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a hot plate, an infrared furnace, an electric heating oven, and a hot air oven.
- the production method of the present invention preferably includes a metal layer forming step of forming a metal layer on the surface of the developed film (curable resin composition layer).
- metal layer existing metal types can be used without particular limitation, and copper, aluminum, nickel, vanadium, titanium, chromium, cobalt, gold and tungsten are exemplified, and copper, aluminum, and these metals are exemplified.
- the alloy containing the above is more preferable, and copper is further preferable.
- the method for forming the metal layer is not particularly limited, and an existing method can be applied.
- the methods described in JP-A-2007-157879, JP-A-2001-521288, JP-A-2004-214501, and JP-A-2004-101850 can be used.
- photolithography, lift-off, electrolytic plating, electroless plating, etching, printing, and a method combining these can be considered. More specifically, a patterning method combining sputtering, photolithography and etching, and a patterning method combining photolithography and electroplating can be mentioned.
- the thickness of the metal layer is preferably 0.1 to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 to 10 ⁇ m at the thickest portion.
- the production method of the present invention preferably further includes a laminating step.
- the laminating step means that (a) a film forming step (layer forming step), (b) an exposure step, (c) a developing step, and (d) a heating step are performed again on the surface of the cured film (resin layer) or the metal layer. , A series of steps including performing in this order. However, the mode may be such that only the film forming step (a) is repeated. Further, (d) the heating step may be performed collectively at the end or the middle of the lamination. That is, the steps (a) to (c) may be repeated a predetermined number of times, and then the heating of (d) may be performed to cure the laminated curable resin composition layers all at once.
- the (c) developing step may be followed by the (e) metal layer forming step, and even if the heating is performed each time (d), the (d) is collectively performed after laminating a predetermined number of times. Heating may be performed. Needless to say, the laminating step may further include the above-mentioned drying step, heating step, and the like as appropriate.
- the surface activation treatment step may be further performed after the heating step, the exposure step, or the metal layer forming step.
- An example of the surface activation treatment is plasma treatment.
- the laminating step is preferably performed 2 to 20 times, more preferably 2 to 5 times, and even more preferably 3 to 5 times. Further, each layer in the laminating step may be a layer having the same composition, shape, film thickness, etc., or may be a different layer.
- a cured film (resin layer) of the curable resin composition so as to cover the metal layer after the metal layer is provided.
- Examples thereof include an embodiment in which the steps, (b) exposure steps, (c) development steps, and (e) metal layer forming steps are repeated in this order, and (d) heating steps are collectively provided at the end or in the middle.
- the method for producing a laminate of the present invention preferably includes a surface activation treatment step of surface activating at least a part of the metal layer and the resin composition layer.
- the surface activation treatment step is usually performed after the metal layer formation step, but after the development step, the surface activation treatment step may be performed on the resin composition layer, and then the metal layer formation step may be performed.
- the surface activation treatment may be performed on at least a part of the metal layer, on at least a part of the exposed resin composition layer, or on the metal layer and the exposed resin composition layer. For both, you may go to at least part of each.
- the surface activation treatment is preferably performed on at least a part of the metal layer, and it is preferable to perform the surface activation treatment on a part or all of the region of the metal layer in which the resin composition layer is formed on the surface.
- the surface activation treatment is performed on a part or all of the resin composition layer (resin layer) after exposure.
- the surface activation treatment includes plasma treatment of various raw material gases (oxygen, hydrogen, argon, nitrogen, nitrogen / hydrogen mixed gas, argon / oxygen mixed gas, etc.), corona discharge treatment, CF 4 / O 2 , NF 3 / O 2 , SF 6 , NF 3 , NF 3 / O 2 , surface treatment by ultraviolet (UV) ozone method, immersion in hydrochloric acid aqueous solution to remove oxide film, then amino group and thiol group It is selected from a dipping treatment in an organic surface treatment agent containing at least one compound and a mechanical roughening treatment using a brush, and a plasma treatment is preferable, and an oxygen plasma treatment using oxygen as a raw material gas is particularly preferable.
- the energy is preferably 500 ⁇ 200,000J / m
- the present invention also discloses a semiconductor device containing the cured film or laminate of the present invention.
- the semiconductor device in which the curable resin composition of the present invention is used to form the interlayer insulating film for the rewiring layer the description in paragraphs 0213 to 0218 and the description in FIG. 1 of JP-A-2016-0273557 are taken into consideration. Yes, these contents are incorporated herein.
- Examples and Comparative Examples> In each example, the components shown in Tables 1 to 7 below were mixed to obtain each curable resin composition. Further, in each Comparative Example, the components shown in Table 2 below were mixed to obtain each comparative composition. Specifically, the content of the components other than the solvent shown in Tables 1 to 7 was the amount (part by mass) shown in each column of Tables 1 to 7. Further, in each composition, the total content of the solvent is such that the solid content concentration (mass%) of the composition is the value shown in Tables 1 to 7, and the content ratio of each solvent is shown in Tables 1 to 7. The mass ratio was set to the numerical value described in each column of 7.
- the obtained curable resin composition and comparative composition were pressure-filtered through a filter made of polytetrafluoroethylene having a pore width of 0.8 ⁇ m. Further, in Tables 1 to 7, the description of "-" indicates that the composition does not contain the corresponding component.
- this reaction solution was cooled to -5 ° C or lower in an ice / methanol bath, and 9.59 g (0.090 mol) of butyryl chloride (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was maintained while maintaining the reaction temperature at ⁇ 0 ° C or lower. ) And 34.5 g of a mixed solution of NMP were added dropwise. After the dropping was completed, the mixture was further stirred for 16 hours.
- the reaction was diluted with 550 g of NMP and placed in a vigorously stirred 4 L deionized water / methanol (80/20 volume ratio) mixture, the precipitated white powder recovered by filtration and washed with deionized water. ..
- the polymer was dried at 50 ° C.
- resin A-1a 25.00 g of resin A-1a, 125 g of NMP and 125 g of methyl ethyl ketone were added to a 500 mL eggplant flask, and the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure at 60 ° C. until the contents reached 160 g.
- 0.43 g (1.85 mmol) of camphorsulfonic acid manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- 5.12 g (0.065 mol) of 2,3-dihydrofuran (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) ) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature (23 ° C.) for 1.5 hours.
- [Crosslinking agent] -B-1 Compound with the following structure-B-2: Dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate-B-3: Light ester BP-6EM (manufactured by Kyoei Kagaku Co., Ltd.)
- Adhesive (silane coupling agent)] -D-1 A compound having the following structure-D-2: N- [3- (triethoxysilyl) propyl] maleamic acid-D-3: 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane
- [Migration inhibitor] -F-1 Compound with the following structure-F-2: 5-amino-1H-tetrazole-F-3: 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole-F-4: 3,5-diamino-1, 2,4-Triazole F-5: Adenine
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- EL ethyl lactate
- GBL ⁇ -butyrolactone
- Cyptn cyclopentanone
- EA 3-butoxy-N, N-dimethylpropionamide
- PGMEA propylene Glycol monomethyl ether acetate
- each curable resin composition or comparative composition immediately after preparation was applied (coated) in layers on a circular silicon wafer having a diameter of 8 inches by a spin coating method.
- the coated silicon wafer was dried on a hot plate at 100 ° C. for 4 minutes to form a resin film having a film thickness of 19 ⁇ m on the silicon wafer.
- the film thickness was an arithmetic mean value of the film thickness at 10 in-plane locations.
- the film thickness of the resin film is measured at a total of 10 points at equal intervals including both ends of the resin film, and the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the measured values at the above 10 points is measured.
- the maximum in-plane film thickness difference ( ⁇ m) was used.
- the film thickness uniformity of the composition immediately after preparation was evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria. The evaluation results are shown in the column of "Film thickness uniformity (immediately after preparation)" in Tables 1 to 7. It can be said that the smaller the maximum in-plane film thickness difference ( ⁇ m), the better the film thickness uniformity of the resin film.
- -Evaluation criteria- 10 The maximum in-plane film thickness difference ( ⁇ m) was 0.5 ⁇ m or less. 9: The maximum in-plane film thickness difference ( ⁇ m) exceeded 0.5 ⁇ m and was 0.6 ⁇ m or less. 8: The maximum in-plane film thickness difference ( ⁇ m) exceeded 0.6 ⁇ m and was 0.7 ⁇ m or less. 7: The maximum in-plane film thickness difference ( ⁇ m) exceeded 0.7 ⁇ m and was 0.8 ⁇ m or less. 6: The maximum in-plane film thickness difference ( ⁇ m) exceeded 0.8 ⁇ m and was 0.9 ⁇ m or less. 5: The maximum in-plane film thickness difference ( ⁇ m) exceeded 0.9 ⁇ m and was 1.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the maximum in-plane film thickness difference ( ⁇ m) exceeded 1.0 ⁇ m and was 1.1 ⁇ m or less.
- 3 The maximum in-plane film thickness difference ( ⁇ m) exceeded 1.1 ⁇ m and was 1.2 ⁇ m or less.
- 2 The maximum in-plane film thickness difference ( ⁇ m) exceeded 1.2 ⁇ m and was 1.3 ⁇ m or less.
- 1 The maximum in-plane film thickness difference ( ⁇ m) exceeded 1.3 ⁇ m.
- each curable resin composition or comparative composition immediately after preparation is placed in a storage container and sealed, and stored under 7 ° C., light-shielding conditions and at 23 ° C., light-shielding conditions. The storage underneath was repeated every 24 hours and stored for 6 months. The filling rate of the curable resin composition with respect to the total storage volume of the storage container was 90%.
- each curable resin composition or comparative composition is returned to room temperature (23 ° C.), and then spin-coated on a circular silicon wafer having a diameter of 8 inches.
- the coating conditions and the amount of the composition used in the spin coating method were the same as the coating conditions and the amount of the composition in the spin coating method in terms of film thickness uniformity immediately after preparation.
- the maximum in-plane film thickness difference ( ⁇ m) is calculated in the same manner as in the above-mentioned evaluation of film thickness uniformity with the composition immediately after preparation, and the same as the evaluation criteria in the evaluation of film thickness uniformity with the composition immediately after preparation.
- the film thickness uniformity of the composition 6 months after preparation was evaluated according to the evaluation criteria of. The evaluation results are shown in the column of "Film thickness uniformity (6 months after preparation)" in Tables 1 to 7. It can be said that the smaller the maximum in-plane film thickness difference ( ⁇ m), the better the film thickness uniformity of the resin film.
- the resin film was developed using cyclopentanone at 30 ° C. as a developing solution, and rinsed with PGMEA (propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate).
- PGMEA propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate
- the pattern after rinsing is observed with an optical microscope, and the arithmetic mean value of the minimum line width in which the silicon wafer is exposed at the bottom of the fuse box is defined as the "minimum line width" among the line widths from 5 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m in 1 ⁇ m increments.
- the evaluation was made according to the following evaluation criteria. The evaluation results are shown in the "Resolution (immediately after preparation)" column of Tables 1 to 7. It can be said that the smaller the minimum line width is, the better the resolution (litho property) is.
- the minimum line width was 7 ⁇ m or less.
- 9 The minimum line width exceeded 7 ⁇ m and was 8 ⁇ m or less.
- 8 The minimum line width exceeded 8 ⁇ m and was 9 ⁇ m or less.
- 7 The minimum line width exceeded 9 ⁇ m and was 11 ⁇ m or less.
- 6 The minimum line width exceeded 11 ⁇ m and was 13 ⁇ m or less.
- 5 The minimum line width exceeded 13 ⁇ m and was 16 ⁇ m or less.
- 4 The minimum line width exceeded 16 ⁇ m and was 19 ⁇ m or less.
- 3 The minimum line width exceeded 19 ⁇ m and was 22 ⁇ m or less.
- 2 The minimum line width exceeded 22 ⁇ m and was 24 ⁇ m or less.
- 1 The minimum line width exceeds 24 ⁇ m.
- the composition was stored for 6 months. After the above storage, in each Example or Comparative Example, each curable resin composition or comparative composition is returned to room temperature (23 ° C.), and then the above-mentioned "evaluation of resolution by the composition immediately after preparation” described above.
- the evaluation was performed by the same evaluation method and evaluation criteria as in the above. The evaluation results are shown in the "Resolution (6 months after preparation)" column of Tables 1 to 7.
- Chemical solution Set temperature 75 ° C
- the composition of the chemical solution was as follows: Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) 70% by mass Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) 2.5% by mass 3-methoxy-3-methyl-1-butanol 10% by mass Water balance Evaluation conditions: The cured film was immersed in the chemical solution for 15 minutes, washed with water, and then the film thicknesses before and after the immersion were compared, and the residual film ratio (%) was calculated by the following formula.
- DMSO Dimethyl sulfoxide
- TMAH Tetramethylammonium hydroxide
- Residual film ratio (%) film thickness of cured film after immersion ( ⁇ m) / film thickness of cured film before immersion ( ⁇ m) x 100
- the evaluation was performed according to the following evaluation criteria, and the evaluation results are described in the column of "Chemical resistance (immediately after preparation)" in Tables 1 to 7. It can be said that the larger the residual film ratio (%), the better the chemical resistance.
- -Evaluation criteria- 10 The residual film ratio (%) was 90.0% or more. 9: The residual film ratio (%) was 89.0% or more and less than 90.0%. 8: The residual film ratio (%) was 88.0% or more and less than 89.0%. 7: The residual film ratio (%) was 87.0% or more and less than 88.0%.
- the residual film ratio (%) was 86.0% or more and less than 87.0%.
- 5 The residual film ratio (%) was 85.0% or more and less than 86.0%.
- 4 The residual film ratio (%) was 84.0% or more and less than 85.0%.
- 3 The residual film ratio (%) was 83.0% or more and less than 84.0%.
- 2 The residual film ratio (%) was 82.0% or more and less than 83.0%. 1: The residual film ratio (%) was less than 82.0%.
- the composition was stored for 6 months. After the above storage, in each Example or Comparative Example, the curable resin composition or the comparative composition is returned to room temperature (23 ° C.), and then the above-mentioned “Chemical resistance evaluation by the composition immediately after preparation” described above.
- the evaluation was performed by the same method and evaluation criteria as in the above. The evaluation results are shown in the column of "Chemical resistance (6 months after preparation)" in Tables 1 to 7.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention is excellent in film thickness uniformity of the obtained resin film even after storage for 6 months.
- the comparative composition according to Comparative Example 1 contains only one kind of solvent. It can be seen that the comparative composition according to Comparative Example 1 is inferior in film thickness uniformity of the obtained resin film after storage for 6 months.
- Example 101 The curable resin composition used in Example 1 was applied in layers to the surface of the copper thin layer of the resin base material having the copper thin layer formed on the surface by a spin coating method, and dried at 100 ° C. for 4 minutes. After forming a curable resin composition layer having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m, exposure was performed using a stepper (NSR1505 i6, manufactured by Nikon Corporation). Exposure was performed through a mask (a binary mask with a pattern of 1: 1 line and space and a line width of 10 ⁇ m) at a wavelength of 365 nm. After the exposure, it was heated at 100 ° C. for 4 minutes.
- NSR1505 i6 a binary mask with a pattern of 1: 1 line and space and a line width of 10 ⁇ m
- the temperature was raised at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min under a nitrogen atmosphere, and after reaching 200 ° C., the temperature was maintained at 200 ° C. for 120 minutes to form an interlayer insulating film for the rewiring layer.
- the interlayer insulating film for the rewiring layer was excellent in insulating properties. Moreover, when a semiconductor device was manufactured using these interlayer insulating films for the rewiring layer, it was confirmed that the semiconductor device operated without any problem.
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Abstract
Description
このような硬化性樹脂組成物を、例えば塗布等により基材に適用して樹脂膜を形成し、その後、必要に応じて露光、現像、加熱等を行うことにより、硬化膜を基材上に形成することができる。
上記ポリイミド前駆体、上記ポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体は、例えば加熱により環化され、硬化膜中でそれぞれポリイミド、ポリベンゾオキサゾールとなる。
硬化性樹脂組成物は、公知の塗布方法等により適用可能であるため、例えば、適用される硬化性樹脂組成物の適用時の形状、大きさ、適用位置等の設計の自由度が高いなど、製造上の適応性に優れるといえる。ポリイミド、ポリベンゾオキサゾール等が有する高い性能に加え、このような製造上の適応性に優れる観点から、上述の硬化性樹脂組成物の産業上の応用展開がますます期待されている。
特許文献2には、(a)ポリイミド前駆体又はポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体と、特定の一般式(1)で表される化合物、特定の一般式(2)で表される化合物及び硫黄原子を含む化合物からなる群より選ばれる一種以上の極性溶媒と、を含む樹脂組成物であり、上記樹脂組成物中のN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)の含有量が0.1質量%以下である、樹脂組成物が記載されている。
<1> ポリイミド、ポリイミド前駆体、ポリベンゾオキサゾール、及び、ポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体よりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも一種の樹脂、並びに、
少なくとも2種の溶剤を含む
硬化性樹脂組成物。
<2> イミダゾール環、トリアゾール環、オキサゾール環、チアゾール環、ピラゾール環、イソオキサゾール環、イソチアゾール環、テトラゾール環、ピリジン環、ピリダジン環、ピリミジン環、ピラジン環、ピペリジン環、ピペラジン環およびトリアジン環からなる群より選択される1種以上の複素環とアミノ基とを有する化合物であるマイグレーション抑制剤を更に含む、<1>に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
<3> 5-メチルベンゾトリアゾール、3-アミノ-1,2,4-トリアゾール、3,5-ジアミノ-1,2,4-トリアゾール、及び、5-アミノ―1H-テトラゾールからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の化合物であるマイグレーション抑制剤を更に含む、<1>又は<2>に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
<4> 上記溶剤がジメチルスルホキシド及び乳酸エチルを含み、上記溶剤の全質量に対する乳酸エチルの含有量が40質量%以上であり、上記溶剤の全質量に対するγ-ブチロラクトンの含有量が40質量%以下である、<1>~<3>のいずれか1つに記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
<5> 上記溶剤が、含窒素複素環構造を有する溶剤を含む、<1>~<4>のいずれか1つに記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
<6> 上記溶剤が、エーテル結合を有する溶剤を含む、<1>~<5>のいずれか1つに記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
<7> 上記溶剤において、2番目に含有量が多い溶剤の含有量が、溶剤の全質量に対して20質量%以上である、<1>~<6>のいずれか1つに記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
<8> シランカップリング剤を更に含む、<1>~<7>のいずれか1つに記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
<9> 収容容器内で-15~16℃の冷蔵に少なくとも1回供される保管に用いられ、上記冷蔵時の上記収容容器の全収容容積に対する硬化性樹脂組成物の充填率が、50~90%である、<1>~<8>のいずれか1つに記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
<10> 再配線層用層間絶縁膜の形成に用いられる、<1>~<9>のいずれか1つに記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
<11> <1>~<10>のいずれか1つに記載の硬化性樹脂組成物を基材に適用してなる樹脂膜。
<12> <1>~<10>のいずれか1つに記載の硬化性樹脂組成物、又は、<11>に記載の樹脂膜を硬化してなる硬化膜。
<13> <12>に記載の硬化膜を2層以上含み、上記硬化膜同士のいずれかの間に金属層を含む積層体。
<14> <1>~<10>のいずれか1つに記載の硬化性樹脂組成物を基板に適用して膜を形成する膜形成工程を含む、硬化膜の製造方法。
<15> 上記膜を露光する露光工程及び上記膜を現像する現像工程を含む、<14>に記載の硬化膜の製造方法。
<16> 上記膜を、50~450℃で加熱する加熱工程を含む、<14>又は<15>に記載の硬化膜の製造方法。
<17> <12>に記載の硬化膜又は<13>に記載の積層体を含む、半導体デバイス。
本明細書において「~」という記号を用いて表される数値範囲は、「~」の前後に記載される数値をそれぞれ下限値及び上限値として含む範囲を意味する。
本明細書において「工程」との語は、独立した工程だけではなく、その工程の所期の作用が達成できる限りにおいて、他の工程と明確に区別できない工程も含む意味である。
本明細書における基(原子団)の表記において、置換及び無置換を記していない表記は、置換基を有しない基(原子団)と共に置換基を有する基(原子団)をも包含する。例えば、「アルキル基」とは、置換基を有しないアルキル基(無置換アルキル基)のみならず、置換基を有するアルキル基(置換アルキル基)をも包含する。
本明細書において「露光」とは、特に断らない限り、光を用いた露光のみならず、電子線、イオンビーム等の粒子線を用いた露光も含む。また、露光に用いられる光としては、水銀灯の輝線スペクトル、エキシマレーザーに代表される遠紫外線、極紫外線(EUV光)、X線、電子線等の活性光線又は放射線が挙げられる。
本明細書において、「(メタ)アクリレート」は、「アクリレート」及び「メタクリレート」の両方、又は、いずれかを意味し、「(メタ)アクリル」は、「アクリル」及び「メタクリル」の両方、又は、いずれかを意味し、「(メタ)アクリロイル」は、「アクリロイル」及び「メタクリロイル」の両方、又は、いずれかを意味する。
本明細書において、構造式中のMeはメチル基を表し、Etはエチル基を表し、Buはブチル基を表し、Phはフェニル基を表す。
本明細書において、全固形分とは、組成物の全成分から溶剤を除いた成分の総質量をいう。また本明細書において、固形分濃度とは、組成物の総質量に対する、溶剤を除く他の成分の質量百分率である。
本明細書において、重量平均分子量(Mw)及び数平均分子量(Mn)は、特に述べない限り、ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィ(GPC測定)に従い、ポリスチレン換算値として定義される。本明細書において、重量平均分子量(Mw)及び数平均分子量(Mn)は、例えば、HLC-8220GPC(東ソー(株)製)を用い、カラムとしてガードカラムHZ-L、TSKgel Super HZM-M、TSKgel Super HZ4000、TSKgel Super HZ3000、TSKgel Super HZ2000(東ソー(株)製)を用いることによって求めることができる。それらの分子量は特に述べない限り、溶離液としてTHF(テトラヒドロフラン)を用いて測定したものとする。また、GPC測定における検出は特に述べない限り、UV線(紫外線)の波長254nm検出器を使用したものとする。
本明細書において、積層体を構成する各層の位置関係について、「上」又は「下」と記載したときには、注目している複数の層のうち基準となる層の上側又は下側に他の層があればよい。すなわち、基準となる層と上記他の層の間に、更に第3の層や要素が介在していてもよく、基準となる層と上記他の層は接している必要はない。また、特に断らない限り、基材に対し層が積み重なっていく方向を「上」と称し、又は、感光層がある場合には、基材から感光層へ向かう方向を「上」と称し、その反対方向を「下」と称する。なお、このような上下方向の設定は、本明細書中における便宜のためであり、実際の態様においては、本明細書における「上」方向は、鉛直上向きと異なることもありうる。
本明細書において、特段の記載がない限り、組成物は、組成物に含まれる各成分として、その成分に該当する2種以上の化合物を含んでもよい。また、特段の記載がない限り、組成物における各成分の含有量とは、その成分に該当する全ての化合物の合計含有量を意味する。
本明細書において、特に述べない限り、温度は23℃、気圧は101,325Pa(1気圧)、相対湿度は50%RHである。
本明細書において、好ましい態様の組み合わせは、より好ましい態様である。
本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物は、ポリイミド、ポリイミド前駆体、ポリベンゾオキサゾール、及び、ポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体よりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも一種の樹脂、(以下、「特定樹脂」ともいう。)並びに、少なくとも2種の溶剤を含む。
本発明者らの検討により、溶剤を1種単独で含む硬化性樹脂組成物を、低温(例えば5℃以下、更には-5℃以下など)で長期間(例えば6か月以上)保管した後に基材に適用して樹脂膜を形成した場合、得られる樹脂膜の膜厚均一性に劣ることがわかった。
樹脂膜の膜厚均一性に劣るとは、樹脂膜において、膜厚が薄い部分と、膜厚が厚い部分との膜厚の差が大きいことをいう。
そこで、本発明者らが鋭意検討した結果、溶剤を2種以上含む硬化性樹脂組成物は、長期間保管したとしても得られる樹脂膜の膜厚均一性に優れることを見出した。
上記効果が得られるメカニズムは定かではないが、以下のように推測される。
このように、成分のうち一部が変質した組成物においては、保管後に、例えば温度を上げる、撹拌する等により析出物を再度溶解したとしても、樹脂膜の膜厚均一性に劣ると考えられる。
しかし、硬化性樹脂組成物が溶剤を2種以上含む場合には、組成物に含まれるある溶剤に対する溶解度が低い成分であっても、組成物に含まれる他の溶剤への溶解性には優れる場合があり、上記析出が抑制されると考えられる。
その結果、上述の変質が抑制され、保管後の樹脂膜の膜厚均一性に優れると推測される。
更に、硬化性樹脂組成物が溶剤を2種以上含む場合には、溶剤を1種単独で含む場合と比較して、特に低温で長期間保管した場合であっても、樹脂膜を形成した場合の樹脂膜中の成分の分布が均一に近い状態になりやすく、得られる硬化膜の耐薬品性も向上しやすいと推測される。
本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物は、少なくとも2種の溶剤を含む。溶剤としては、公知の溶剤を任意に使用できる。溶剤は有機溶剤が好ましい。有機溶剤としては、エステル類、エーテル類、ケトン類、炭化水素類、スルホキシド類、アミド類、アルコール類などの化合物が挙げられる。
これらの中でも、膜厚均一性の観点からは、エステル類としては、非環状エステル化合物であることが好ましい。非環状エステル化合物とは、エステル構造を含む環状構造(すなわち、ラクトン構造)を分子内に有しない化合物をいう。
これらの中でも、炭化水素類としては、芳香族炭化水素類又はテルペン類が好ましい。
アミド類としては、これらの中でも、ラクタム構造を有する化合物、又は、構造内にエーテル結合及びアミド結合を有する化合物がより好ましい。
またアミド類としては市販品を用いてもよく、市販品としては、出光興産(株)製エクアミドシリーズ(例えば、エクアミドB-100、エクアミドM-100)等が挙げられる。
ウレア類として、N,N,N’,N’-テトラメチルウレア、1,3-ジメチル-2-イミダゾリジノン等が好適なものとして挙げられる。
上記態様において、アミド類に該当する溶剤の含有量は、溶剤の全質量に対し、10~90質量%であることが好ましく、30~70質量%であることがより好ましい。
上記態様において、ケトン類に該当する溶剤の含有量は、溶剤の全質量に対し、20~90質量%であることが好ましく、30~70質量%であることがより好ましい。
上記態様において、アミド類に該当する溶剤の含有量は、溶剤の全質量に対し、10~90質量%であることが好ましく、30~70質量%であることがより好ましい。
上記態様において、スルホキシド類に該当する溶剤の含有量は、溶剤の全質量に対し、10~90質量%であることが好ましく、30~70質量%であることがより好ましい。
1気圧における沸点が160℃以上である溶剤としては、γ-ブチロラクトン(204℃)、ジメチルスルホキシド(189℃)、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(202℃)、3-ブトキシ-N,N-ジメチルプロピオンアミド(215℃)等があげられる。
1気圧における沸点が160℃未満である溶剤としては、シクロペンタノン(131℃)、乳酸エチル(154℃)、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート(146℃)等があげられる。
上記括弧内の温度は、1気圧における各溶剤の沸点を示している。
上記態様において、1気圧における沸点が160℃以上である溶剤の含有量は、溶剤の全質量に対し、10~90質量%であることが好ましく、30~70質量%であることがより好ましい。
上記態様において、1気圧における沸点が160℃未満である溶剤の含有量は、溶剤の全質量に対し、10~90質量%であることが好ましく、30~70質量%であることがより好ましい。
本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物がプロトン性溶剤を含むことにより、硬化性樹脂組成物が、例えば後述するオニウム塩など、塩構造を有する化合物を含む場合の膜厚均一性が向上すると考えられる。
非プロトン性溶剤としては、γ-ブチロラクトン、ジメチルスルホキシド、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、3-ブトキシ-N,N-ジメチルプロピオンアミド、シクロペンタノン、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート等があげられる。
プロトン性溶剤としては、乳酸エチル等が挙げられる。
上記態様において、非プロトン性溶剤の含有量は、溶剤の全質量に対し、10質量%以上であることが好ましく、20質量%以上であることがより好ましく、30質量%以上であることが更に好ましく、40質量%以上であることが特に好ましい。上記含有量の上限は、90質量%以下であることが好ましく、80質量%以下であることがより好ましく、70質量%以下であることが更に好ましい。
上記態様において、プロトン性溶剤の含有量は、溶剤の全質量に対し、10質量%以上であることが好ましく、20質量%以上であることがより好ましく、30質量%以上であることが更に好ましい。上記含有量の上限は、90質量%以下であることが好ましく、80質量%以下であることがより好ましく、70質量%以下であることが更に好ましく、60質量%以下であることが特に好ましい。
また、溶剤の全質量に対し、非プロトン性溶剤を10~90質量%含み、かつ、プロトン性溶剤を10~90質量%含むことも好ましい態様の1つである。上記態様において、非プロトン性溶剤を20~80質量%含み、かつ、プロトン性溶剤を20~80質量%含むことが好ましく、非プロトン性溶剤を40~80質量%含み、かつ、プロトン性溶剤を20~60質量%含むことがより好ましい。
上記態様において、分子量が90以上である溶剤の含有量は、溶剤の全質量に対し、10~90質量%であることが好ましく、30~70質量%であることがより好ましい。
上記態様において、分子量が90未満である溶剤の含有量は、溶剤の全質量に対し、10~90質量%であることが好ましく、30~70質量%であることがより好ましい。
SP値が21.4MPa以上である溶剤としては、γ-ブチロラクトン(26.3MPa)、ジメチルスルホキシド(29.7MPa)、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(23.1MPa)、3-ブトキシ-N,N-ジメチルプロピオンアミド(21.5MPa)等があげられる。
SP値が21.4MPa未満である溶剤としては、シクロペンタノン(21.3MPa)、乳酸エチル(20.5MPa)、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート(23.1MPa)等があげられる。
上記括弧内の温度は、各溶剤のSP値を示している。
上記態様において、SP値が21.4MPa以上である溶剤の含有量は、溶剤の全質量に対し、10~90質量%であることが好ましく、30~70質量%であることがより好ましい。
上記態様において、SP値が21.4MPa未満である溶剤の含有量は、溶剤の全質量に対し、10~90質量%であることが好ましく、30~70質量%であることがより好ましい。
このような態様によれば、硬化性樹脂組成物に含まれる多様な溶質の溶解性を向上することができるため、膜厚均一性に優れやすいと考えられる。
(SP値)2=(δHd)2+(δHp)2+(δHh)2
Hd :分散寄与
Hp :極性寄与
Hh :水素結合寄与
群A:ジメチルスルホキシド、
群B:N-メチル2-ピロリドン、3-ブトキシ-N,N-ジメチルプロピオンアミド
群C:γ-ブチロラクトン、シクロペンタノン、乳酸エチル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート
また、上記群Cは、下記群C’であることがより好ましい。
群C’:シクロペンタノン、乳酸エチル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート
上記乳酸エチルの含有量は、40~80質量%であることが好ましく、45~60質量%であることがさらに好ましい。
また、上記態様において、溶剤の全質量に対するγ-ブチロラクトンの含有量が40質量%以下であることが好ましく、30質量%以下であることがより好ましく、20質量%以下であることが更に好ましく、10質量%以下であることが特に好ましく、5質量%以下であることが一層好ましく、1質量%以下であることが最も好ましい。上記含有量の下限は特に限定されず、0質量%以上であればよい。
また、上記態様において、溶剤の全質量に対するジメチルスルホキシドと乳酸エチルとの合計含有量は、60質量%以上であることが好ましく、70質量%以上であることがより好ましく、80質量%以上であることが更に好ましく、90質量%以上であることが特に好ましく、95質量%以上であることが一層好ましく、99質量%以上であることが最も好ましい。上記合計含有量の上限は特に限定されず、100質量%であってもよい。
上記構造内に窒素原子を有する溶剤としては、上述のアミド類があげられる。
上記含窒素複素環構造を有する溶剤としては、上述のラクタム構造を有する化合物が好ましく、N-メチル-2-ピロリドンがより好ましい。
上記構造内に窒素原子を有する溶剤の含有量は、溶剤の全質量に対して、20~80質量%であることが好ましく、30~70質量%であることがより好ましく、40~60質量%であることが更に好ましい。
エーテル結合を有する溶剤としては、上述のエーテル類、又は、上述のアミド類における構造内にエーテル結合及びアミド結合を有する化合物があげられる。
上記エーテル結合を有する溶剤の含有量は、溶剤の全質量に対して、20~80質量%であることが好ましく、30~70質量%であることがより好ましく、40~60質量%であることが更に好ましい。
ここで、本発明において、例えばN-メチルピロリドンを40質量%、ジメチルスルホキシドを40質量%、シクロペンタノンを20質量%含む場合、上記2番目に含有量が多い溶剤の含有量は、40質量%である。
また、上記水の含有量は、0質量%としてもよい。
本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物は、溶剤を2種のみ含有していてもよいし、3種以上含有していてもよい。
本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物は、ポリイミド、ポリイミド前駆体、ポリベンゾオキサゾール及びポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体よりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の樹脂(特定樹脂)を含む。
本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物は、特定樹脂として、ポリイミド又はポリイミド前駆体を含むことが好ましく、ポリイミド前駆体を含むことがより好ましい。
また、特定樹脂はラジカル重合性基を有することが好ましい。
特定樹脂がラジカル重合性基を有する場合、硬化性樹脂組成物は、感光剤として後述の光ラジカル重合開始剤を含むことが好ましく、感光剤として後述の光ラジカル重合開始剤を含み、かつ、後述のラジカル架橋剤を含むことがより好ましく、感光剤として後述の光ラジカル重合開始剤を含み、後述のラジカル架橋剤を含み、かつ、後述の増感剤を含むことが更に好ましい。このような硬化性樹脂組成物からは、例えば、ネガ型感光層が形成される。
また、特定樹脂は、酸分解性基等の極性変換基を有していてもよい。
特定樹脂が酸分解性基を有する場合、硬化性樹脂組成物は、感光剤として後述の光酸発生剤を含むことが好ましい。このような硬化性樹脂組成物からは、例えば、化学増幅型であるポジ型感光層又はネガ型感光層が形成される。
本発明で用いるポリイミド前駆体は、その種類等特に定めるものではないが、下記式(2)で表される繰り返し単位を含むことが好ましい。
式(2)
式(2)中、A1及びA2は、それぞれ独立に、酸素原子又はNHを表し、R111は、2価の有機基を表し、R115は、4価の有機基を表し、R113及びR114は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子又は1価の有機基を表す。
式(2)におけるR111は、2価の有機基を表す。2価の有機基としては、直鎖又は分岐の脂肪族基、環状の脂肪族基及び芳香族基を含む基が例示され、炭素数2~20の直鎖又は分岐の脂肪族基、炭素数6~20の環状の脂肪族基、炭素数6~20の芳香族基、又は、これらの組み合わせからなる基が好ましく、炭素数6~20の芳香族基を含む基がより好ましい。本発明の特に好ましい実施形態として、-Ar-L-Ar-で表される基であることが例示される。但し、Arは、それぞれ独立に、芳香族基であり、Lは、フッ素原子で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~10の脂肪族炭化水素基、-O-、-CO-、-S-、-SO2-又は-NHCO-、あるいは、上記の2つ以上の組み合わせからなる基である。これらの好ましい範囲は、上述のとおりである。
具体的には、炭素数2~20の直鎖又は分岐の脂肪族基、炭素数6~20の環状の脂肪族基、炭素数6~20の芳香族基、又は、これらの組み合わせからなる基を含むジアミンであることが好ましく、炭素数6~20の芳香族基からなる基を含むジアミンであることがより好ましい。芳香族基を含む基の例としては、下記が挙げられる。
式中、*は他の構造との結合部位を表す。
式(51)
式(51)中、R50~R57は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、フッ素原子又は1価の有機基であり、R50~R57の少なくとも1つは、フッ素原子、メチル基又はトリフルオロメチル基であり、*はそれぞれ独立に、式(2)中の窒素原子との結合部位を表す。
R50~R57の1価の有機基としては、炭素数1~10(好ましくは炭素数1~6)の無置換のアルキル基、炭素数1~10(好ましくは炭素数1~6)のフッ化アルキル基等が挙げられる。
式(61)中、R58及びR59は、それぞれ独立に、フッ素原子又はトリフルオロメチル基である。
式(51)又は(61)の構造を与えるジアミン化合物としては、2,2’-ジメチルベンジジン、2,2’-ビス(トリフルオロメチル)-4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル、2,2’-ビス(フルオロ)-4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル、4,4’-ジアミノオクタフルオロビフェニル等が挙げられる。これらは1種で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
式(5)又は式(6)中、*はそれぞれ独立に、他の構造との結合部位を表す。
式(5)中、R112は、単結合、又は、フッ素原子で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~10の脂肪族炭化水素基、-O-、-CO-、-S-、-SO2-、及び-NHCO-、ならびに、これらの組み合わせから選択される基であることが好ましく、単結合、フッ素原子で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~3のアルキレン基、-O-、-CO-、-S-及び-SO2-から選択される基であることがより好ましく、-CH2-、-C(CF3)2-、-C(CH3)2-、-O-、-CO-、-S-及び-SO2-からなる群から選択される2価の基であることが更に好ましい。
テトラカルボン酸二無水物は、下記式(O)で表されることが好ましい。
式(O)中、R115は、4価の有機基を表す。R115の好ましい範囲は式(2)におけるR115と同義であり、好ましい範囲も同様である。
エチレン性不飽和結合を有する基としては、ビニル基、(メタ)アリル基、下記式(III)で表される基などが挙げられ、下記式(III)で表される基が好ましい。
式(III)において、*は他の構造との結合部位を表す。
式(III)において、R201は、炭素数2~12のアルキレン基、-CH2CH(OH)CH2-又はポリアルキレンオキシ基を表す。
好適なR201の例は、エチレン基、プロピレン基、トリメチレン基、テトラメチレン基、1,2-ブタンジイル基、1,3-ブタンジイル基、ペンタメチレン基、ヘキサメチレン基、オクタメチレン基、ドデカメチレン基等のアルキレン基、-CH2CH(OH)CH2-、ポリアルキレンオキシ基が挙げられ、エチレン基、プロピレン基、トリメチレン基、-CH2CH(OH)CH2-、ポリアルキレンオキシ基がより好ましく、ポリアルキレンオキシ基が更に好ましい。
本発明において、ポリアルキレンオキシ基とは、アルキレンオキシ基が2以上直接結合した基をいう。ポリアルキレンオキシ基に含まれる複数のアルキレンオキシ基におけるアルキレン基は、それぞれ同一であっても異なっていてもよい。
ポリアルキレンオキシ基が、アルキレン基が異なる複数種のアルキレンオキシ基を含む場合、ポリアルキレンオキシ基におけるアルキレンオキシ基の配列は、ランダムな配列であってもよいし、ブロックを有する配列であってもよいし、交互等のパターンを有する配列であってもよい。
上記アルキレン基の炭素数(アルキレン基が置換基を有する場合、置換基の炭素数を含む)は、2以上であることが好ましく、2~10であることがより好ましく、2~6であることがより好ましく、2~5であることが更に好ましく、2~4であることが一層好ましく、2又は3であることが特に好ましく、2であることが最も好ましい。
また、上記アルキレン基は、置換基を有していてもよい。好ましい置換基としては、アルキル基、アリール基、ハロゲン原子等が挙げられる。
また、ポリアルキレンオキシ基に含まれるアルキレンオキシ基の数(ポリアルキレンオキシ基の繰り返し数)は、2~20が好ましく、2~10がより好ましく、2~6が更に好ましい。
ポリアルキレンオキシ基としては、溶剤溶解性及び耐溶剤性の観点からは、ポリエチレンオキシ基、ポリプロピレンオキシ基、ポリトリメチレンオキシ基、ポリテトラメチレンオキシ基、又は、複数のエチレンオキシ基と複数のプロピレンオキシ基とが結合した基が好ましく、ポリエチレンオキシ基又はポリプロピレンオキシ基がより好ましく、ポリエチレンオキシ基が更に好ましい。上記複数のエチレンオキシ基と複数のプロピレンオキシ基とが結合した基において、エチレンオキシ基とプロピレンオキシ基とはランダムに配列していてもよいし、ブロックを形成して配列していてもよいし、交互等のパターン状に配列していてもよい。これらの基におけるエチレンオキシ基等の繰り返し数の好ましい態様は上述の通りである。
R113又はR114が、水素原子、2-ヒドロキシベンジル基、3-ヒドロキシベンジル基及び4-ヒドロキシベンジル基であることもより好ましい。
アルキル基の炭素数は1~30が好ましい。アルキル基は直鎖、分岐、環状のいずれであってもよい。直鎖又は分岐のアルキル基としては、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基、ペンチル基、ヘキシル基、ヘプチル基、オクチル基、ノニル基、デシル基、ドデシル基、テトラデシル基、オクタデシル基、イソプロピル基、イソブチル基、sec-ブチル基、t-ブチル基、1-エチルペンチル基、2-エチルヘキシル基2-(2-(2-メトキシエトキシ)エトキシ)エトキシ基、2-(2-(2-エトキシエトキシ)エトキシ)エトキシ)エトキシ基、2-(2-(2-(2-メトキシエトキシ)エトキシ)エトキシ)エトキシ基、及び2-(2-(2-(2-エトキシエトキシ)エトキシ)エトキシ)エトキシ基が挙げられる。環状のアルキル基は、単環の環状のアルキル基であってもよく、多環の環状のアルキル基であってもよい。単環の環状のアルキル基としては、例えば、シクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、シクロヘプチル基及びシクロオクチル基が挙げられる。多環の環状のアルキル基としては、例えば、アダマンチル基、ノルボルニル基、ボルニル基、カンフェニル基、デカヒドロナフチル基、トリシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロデカニル基、カンホロイル基、ジシクロヘキシル基及びピネニル基が挙げられる。中でも、高感度化との両立の観点から、シクロヘキシル基が最も好ましい。また、芳香族基で置換されたアルキル基としては、後述する芳香族基で置換された直鎖アルキル基が好ましい。
芳香族基としては、具体的には、置換又は無置換のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ペンタレン環、インデン環、アズレン環、ヘプタレン環、インダセン環、ペリレン環、ペンタセン環、アセナフテン環、フェナントレン環、アントラセン環、ナフタセン環、クリセン環、トリフェニレン環、フルオレン環、ビフェニル環、ピロール環、フラン環、チオフェン環、イミダゾール環、オキサゾール環、チアゾール環、ピリジン環、ピラジン環、ピリミジン環、ピリダジン環、インドリジン環、インドール環、ベンゾフラン環、ベンゾチオフェン環、イソベンゾフラン環、キノリジン環、キノリン環、フタラジン環、ナフチリジン環、キノキサリン環、キノキサゾリン環、イソキノリン環、カルバゾール環、フェナントリジン環、アクリジン環、フェナントロリン環、チアントレン環、クロメン環、キサンテン環、フェノキサチイン環、フェノチアジン環又はフェナジン環である。ベンゼン環が最も好ましい。
酸分解性基の具体例としては、tert-ブトキシカルボニル基、イソプロポキシカルボニル基、テトラヒドロピラニル基、テトラヒドロフラニル基、エトキシエチル基、メトキシエチル基、エトキシメチル基、トリメチルシリル基、tert-ブトキシカルボニルメチル基、トリメチルシリルエーテル基などが挙げられる。露光感度の観点からは、エトキシエチル基、又は、テトラヒドロフラニル基が好ましい。
式(2-A)
式(2-A)中、A1及びA2は、酸素原子を表し、R111及びR112は、それぞれ独立に、2価の有機基を表し、R113及びR114は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子又は1価の有機基を表し、R113及びR114の少なくとも一方は、重合性基を含む基であり、両方が重合性基を含む基であることが好ましい。
R112は、式(5)におけるR112と同義であり、好ましい範囲も同様である。
上記ポリイミド前駆体の分子量の分散度は、2.5以上が好ましく、2.7以上がより好ましく、2.8以上であることが更に好ましい。ポリイミド前駆体の分子量の分散度の上限値は特に定めるものではないが、例えば、4.5以下が好ましく、4.0以下がより好ましく、3.8以下が更に好ましく、3.2以下が一層好ましく、3.1以下がより一層好ましく、3.0以下が更に一層好ましく、2.95以下が特に好ましい。
一方、現像性の観点では重量平均分子量(Mw)は、好ましくは5,000~100,000であり、より好ましくは10,000~50,000であり、更に好ましくは15,000~40,000である。また、数平均分子量(Mn)は、好ましくは2,000~40,000であり、より好ましくは3,000~30,000であり、更に好ましくは4,000~20,000である。
上記ポリイミド前駆体の分子量の分散度は、現像性の観点では、1.8以上が好ましく、2.0以上がより好ましく、2.2以上であることが更に好ましい。ポリイミド前駆体の分子量の分散度の上限値は特に定めるものではないが、例えば、7.0以下が好ましく、6.5以下がより好ましく、6.0以下が更に好ましい。
本明細書において、分子量の分散度とは、重量平均分子量/数平均分子量により算出される値である。
本発明に用いられるポリイミドは、アルカリ可溶性ポリイミドであってもよく、有機溶剤を主成分とする現像液に対して可溶なポリイミドであってもよい。
本明細書において、アルカリ可溶性ポリイミドとは、100gの2.38質量%テトラメチルアンモニウム水溶液に対し、23℃で0.1g以上溶解するポリイミドをいい、パターン形成性の観点からは、0.5g以上溶解するポリイミドであることが好ましく、1.0g以上溶解するポリイミドであることが更に好ましい。上記溶解量の上限は特に限定されないが、100g以下であることが好ましい。
また、ポリイミドは、得られる有機膜の膜強度及び絶縁性の観点からは、複数個のイミド構造を主鎖に有するポリイミドであることが好ましい。
本明細書において、「主鎖」とは、樹脂を構成する高分子化合物の分子中で相対的に最も長い結合鎖をいい、「側鎖」とはそれ以外の結合鎖をいう。
得られる有機膜の膜強度の観点からは、ポリイミドは、フッ素原子を有することが好ましい。
フッ素原子は、例えば、後述する式(4)で表される繰返し単位におけるR132、又は、後述する式(4)で表される繰返し単位におけるR131に含まれることが好ましく、後述する式(4)で表される繰返し単位におけるR132、又は、後述する式(4)で表される繰返し単位におけるR131にフッ化アルキル基として含まれることがより好ましい。
ポリイミドの全質量に対するフッ素原子の量は、1~50mol/gであることが好ましく、5~30mol/gであることがより好ましい。
得られる有機膜の膜強度の観点からは、ポリイミドは、ケイ素原子を有することが好ましい。
ケイ素原子は、例えば、後述する式(4)で表される繰返し単位におけるR131に含まれることが好ましく、後述する式(4)で表される繰返し単位におけるR131に後述する有機変性(ポリ)シロキサン構造として含まれることがより好ましい。
また、上記ケイ素原子又は上記有機変性(ポリ)シロキサン構造はポリイミドの側鎖に含まれていてもよいが、ポリイミドの主鎖に含まれることが好ましい。
ポリイミドの全質量に対するケイ素原子の量は、0.01~5mol/gであることが好ましく、0.05~1mol/gであることがより好ましい。
得られる有機膜の膜強度の観点からは、ポリイミドは、エチレン性不飽和結合を有することが好ましい。
ポリイミドは、エチレン性不飽和結合を主鎖末端に有していてもよいし、側鎖に有していてもよいが、側鎖に有することが好ましい。
上記エチレン性不飽和結合は、ラジカル重合性を有することが好ましい。
エチレン性不飽和結合は、後述する式(4)で表される繰返し単位におけるR132、又は、後述する式(4)で表される繰返し単位におけるR131に含まれることが好ましく、後述する式(4)で表される繰返し単位におけるR132、又は、後述する式(4)で表される繰返し単位におけるR131にエチレン性不飽和結合を有する基として含まれることがより好ましい。
これらの中でも、エチレン性不飽和結合は、後述する式(4)で表される繰返し単位におけるR131に含まれることが好ましく、後述する式(4)で表される繰返し単位におけるR131にエチレン性不飽和結合を有する基として含まれることがより好ましい。
エチレン性不飽和結合を有する基としては、ビニル基、アリル基、ビニルフェニル基等の芳香環に直接結合した、置換されていてもよいビニル基を有する基、(メタ)アクリルアミド基、(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ基、下記式(IV)で表される基などが挙げられる。
式(R1)~(R3)中、Lは単結合、又は、炭素数2~12のアルキレン基、炭素数2~30の(ポリ)アルキレンオキシ基若しくはこれらを2以上結合した基を表し、Xは酸素原子又は硫黄原子を表し、*は他の構造との結合部位を表し、●は式(III)中のR201が結合する酸素原子との結合部位を表す。
式(R1)~(R3)中、Lにおける炭素数2~12のアルキレン基、又は、炭素数2~30の(ポリ)アルキレンオキシ基の好ましい態様は、上述のR21における、炭素数2~12のアルキレン基、又は、炭素数2~30の(ポリ)アルキレンオキシ基の好ましい態様と同様である。
式(R1)中、Xは酸素原子であることが好ましい。
式(R1)~(R3)中、*は式(IV)中の*と同義であり、好ましい態様も同様である。
式(R1)で表される構造は、例えば、フェノール性ヒドロキシ基等のヒドロキシ基を有するポリイミドと、イソシアナト基及びエチレン性不飽和結合を有する化合物(例えば、2-イソシアナトエチルメタクリレート等)とを反応することにより得られる。
式(R2)で表される構造は、例えば、カルボキシ基を有するポリイミドと、ヒドロキシ基及びエチレン性不飽和結合を有する化合物(例えば、2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート等)とを反応することにより得られる。
式(R3)で表される構造は、例えば、フェノール性ヒドロキシ基等のヒドロキシ基を有するポリイミドと、グリシジル基及びエチレン性不飽和結合を有する化合物(例えば、グリシジルメタクリレート等)とを反応することにより得られる。
ポリイミドは、エチレン性不飽和結合以外の架橋性基を有していてもよい。
エチレン性不飽和結合以外の架橋性基としては、エポキシ基、オキセタニル基等の環状エーテル基、メトキシメチル基等のアルコキシメチル基、メチロール基等が挙げられる。
エチレン性不飽和結合以外の架橋性基は、例えば、後述する式(4)で表される繰返し単位におけるR131に含まれることが好ましい。
ポリイミドの全質量に対するエチレン性不飽和結合以外の架橋性基の量は、0.05~10mol/gであることが好ましく、0.1~5mol/gであることがより好ましい。
ポリイミドは、酸分解性基等の極性変換基を有していてもよい。ポリイミドにおける酸分解性基は、上述の式(2)におけるR113及びR114において説明した酸分解性基と同様であり、好ましい態様も同様である。
ポリイミドがアルカリ現像に供される場合、現像性を向上する観点からは、ポリイミドの酸価は、30mgKOH/g以上であることが好ましく、50mgKOH/g以上であることがより好ましく、70mgKOH/g以上であることが更に好ましい。
また、上記酸価は500mgKOH/g以下であることが好ましく、400mgKOH/g以下であることがより好ましく、200mgKOH/g以下であることが更に好ましい。
また、ポリイミドが有機溶剤を主成分とする現像液を用いた現像(例えば、後述する「溶剤現像」)に供される場合、ポリイミドの酸価は、2~35mgKOH/gが好ましく、3~30mgKOH/gがより好ましく、5~20mgKOH/gが更に好ましい。
上記酸価は、公知の方法により測定され、例えば、JIS K 0070:1992に記載の方法により測定される。
また、ポリイミドに含まれる酸基としては、保存安定性及び現像性の両立の観点から、pKaが0~10である酸基が好ましく、3~8である酸基がより好ましい。
pKaとは、酸から水素イオンが放出される解離反応を考え、その平衡定数Kaをその負の常用対数pKaによって表したものである。本明細書において、pKaは、特に断らない限り、ACD/ChemSketch(登録商標)による計算値とする。又は、日本化学会編「改定5版 化学便覧 基礎編」に掲載の値を参照してもよい。
また、酸基が例えばリン酸等の多価の酸である場合、上記pKaは第一解離定数である。
このような酸基として、ポリイミドは、カルボキシ基、及び、フェノール性ヒドロキシ基よりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種を含むことが好ましく、フェノール性ヒドロキシ基を含むことがより好ましい。
アルカリ現像液による現像速度を適切なものとする観点からは、ポリイミドは、フェノール性ヒドロキシ基を有することが好ましい。
ポリイミドは、フェノール性ヒドロキシ基を主鎖末端に有してもよいし、側鎖に有してもよい。
フェノール性ヒドロキシ基は、例えば、後述する式(4)で表される繰返し単位におけるR132、又は、後述する式(4)で表される繰返し単位におけるR131に含まれることが好ましい。
ポリイミドの全質量に対するフェノール性ヒドロキシ基の量は、0.1~30mol/gであることが好ましく、1~20mol/gであることがより好ましい。
式(4)
式(4)中、R131は、2価の有機基を表し、R132は、4価の有機基を表す。
重合性基を有する場合、重合性基は、R131及びR132の少なくとも一方に位置していてもよいし、下記式(4-1)又は式(4-2)に示すようにポリイミドの末端に位置していてもよい。
式(4-1)
式(4-1)中、R133は重合性基であり、他の基は式(4)と同義である。
式(4-2)
R134及びR135の少なくとも一方は重合性基であり、重合性基でない場合は有機基であり、他の基は式(4)と同義である。
R131は、2価の有機基を表す。2価の有機基としては、式(2)におけるR111と同様のものが例示され、好ましい範囲も同様である。
また、R131としては、ジアミンのアミノ基の除去後に残存するジアミン残基が挙げられる。ジアミンとしては、脂肪族、環式脂肪族又は芳香族ジアミンなどが挙げられる。具体的な例としては、ポリイミド前駆体の式(2)中のR111の例が挙げられる。
例えば、R115として例示される4価の有機基の4つの結合子が、上記式(4)中の4つの-C(=O)-の部分と結合して縮合環を形成する。
ポリイミドのイミド化率(「閉環率」ともいう)は、得られる有機膜の膜強度、絶縁性等の観点からは、70%以上であることが好ましく、80%以上であることがより好ましく、90%以上であることがより好ましい。
上記イミド化率の上限は特に限定されず、100%以下であればよい。
上記イミド化率は、例えば下記方法により測定される。
ポリイミドの赤外吸収スペクトルを測定し、イミド構造由来の吸収ピークである1377cm-1付近のピーク強度P1を求める。次に、そのポリイミドを350℃で1時間熱処理した後、再度、赤外吸収スペクトルを測定し、1377cm-1付近のピーク強度P2を求める。得られたピーク強度P1、P2を用い、下記式に基づいて、ポリイミドのイミド化率を求めることができる。
イミド化率(%)=(ピーク強度P1/ピーク強度P2)×100
ポリイミドの市販品としては、Durimide(登録商標)284(富士フイルム(株)製)、Matrimide5218(HUNTSMAN(株)製)が例示される。
一方、薬品耐性の観点では、ポリイミドの重量平均分子量(Mw)は、好ましくは5,000~100,000であり、より好ましくは10,000~50,000であり、更に好ましくは15,000~40,000である。
本発明で用いるポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体は、その構造等について特に定めるものではないが、好ましくは下記式(3)で表される繰り返し単位を含む。
式(3)
式(3)中、R121は、2価の有機基を表し、R122は、4価の有機基を表し、R123及びR124は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子又は1価の有機基を表す。
式(3)において、R121は、2価の有機基を表す。2価の有機基としては、脂肪族基及び芳香族基の少なくとも一方を含む基が好ましい。脂肪族基としては、直鎖の脂肪族基が好ましい。R121は、ジカルボン酸残基が好ましい。ジカルボン酸残基は、1種のみ用いてもよいし、2種以上用いてもよい。
脂肪族基を含むジカルボン酸としては、直鎖又は分岐(好ましくは直鎖)の脂肪族基を含むジカルボン酸が好ましく、直鎖又は分岐(好ましくは直鎖)の脂肪族基と2つの-COOHからなるジカルボン酸がより好ましい。直鎖又は分岐(好ましくは直鎖)の脂肪族基の炭素数は、2~30であることが好ましく、2~25であることがより好ましく、3~20であることが更に好ましく、4~15であることが一層好ましく、5~10であることが特に好ましい。直鎖の脂肪族基はアルキレン基であることが好ましい。
直鎖の脂肪族基を含むジカルボン酸としては、マロン酸、ジメチルマロン酸、エチルマロン酸、イソプロピルマロン酸、ジ-n-ブチルマロン酸、スクシン酸、テトラフルオロスクシン酸、メチルスクシン酸、2,2-ジメチルスクシン酸、2,3-ジメチルスクシン酸、ジメチルメチルスクシン酸、グルタル酸、ヘキサフルオログルタル酸、2-メチルグルタル酸、3-メチルグルタル酸、2,2-ジメチルグルタル酸、3,3-ジメチルグルタル酸、3-エチル-3-メチルグルタル酸、アジピン酸、オクタフルオロアジピン酸、3-メチルアジピン酸、ピメリン酸、2,2,6,6-テトラメチルピメリン酸、スベリン酸、ドデカフルオロスベリン酸、アゼライン酸、セバシン酸、ヘキサデカフルオロセバシン酸、1,9-ノナン二酸、ドデカン二酸、トリデカン二酸、テトラデカン二酸、ペンタデカン二酸、ヘキサデカン二酸、ヘプタデカン二酸、オクタデカン二酸、ノナデカン二酸、エイコサン二酸、ヘンエイコサン二酸、ドコサン二酸、トリコサン二酸、テトラコサン二酸、ペンタコサン二酸、ヘキサコサン二酸、ヘプタコサン二酸、オクタコサン二酸、ノナコサン二酸、トリアコンタン二酸、ヘントリアコンタン二酸、ドトリアコンタン二酸、ジグリコール酸、更に下記式で表されるジカルボン酸等が挙げられる。
式中、Aは-CH2-、-O-、-S-、-SO2-、-CO-、-NHCO-、-C(CF3)2-、及び、-C(CH3)2-からなる群から選択される2価の基を表し、*はそれぞれ独立に、他の構造との結合部位を表す。
R122は、また、ビスアミノフェノール誘導体由来の基であることが好ましく、ビスアミノフェノール誘導体由来の基としては、例えば、3,3’-ジアミノ-4,4’-ジヒドロキシビフェニル、4,4’-ジアミノ-3,3’-ジヒドロキシビフェニル、3,3’-ジアミノ-4,4’-ジヒドロキシジフェニルスルホン、4,4’-ジアミノ-3,3’-ジヒドロキシジフェニルスルホン、ビス-(3-アミノ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)メタン、2,2-ビス(3-アミノ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン、2,2-ビス-(3-アミノ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン、2,2-ビス-(4-アミノ-3-ヒドロキシフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン、ビス-(4-アミノ-3-ヒドロキシフェニル)メタン、2,2-ビス-(4-アミノ-3-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン、4,4’-ジアミノ-3,3’-ジヒドロキシベンゾフェノン、3,3’-ジアミノ-4,4’-ジヒドロキシベンゾフェノン、4,4’-ジアミノ-3,3’-ジヒドロキシジフェニルエーテル、3,3’-ジアミノ-4,4’-ジヒドロキシジフェニルエーテル、1,4-ジアミノ-2,5-ジヒドロキシベンゼン、1,3-ジアミノ-2,4-ジヒドロキシベンゼン、1,3-ジアミノ-4,6-ジヒドロキシベンゼンなどが挙げられる。これらのビスアミノフェノールは、単独にて、あるいは混合して使用してもよい。
式中、X1は、-O-、-S-、-C(CF3)2-、-CH2-、-SO2-、-NHCO-を表し、*及び#はそれぞれ、他の構造との結合部位を表す。Rは水素原子又は1価の置換基を表し、水素原子又は炭化水素基が好ましく、水素原子又はアルキル基がより好ましい。また、R122は、上記式により表される構造であることも好ましい。R122が、上記式により表される構造である場合、計4つの*及び#のうち、いずれか2つが式(3)中のR122が結合する窒素原子との結合部位であり、かつ、別の2つが式(3)中のR122が結合する酸素原子との結合部位であることが好ましく、2つの*が式(3)中のR122が結合する酸素原子との結合部位であり、かつ、2つの#が式(3)中のR122が結合する窒素原子との結合部位であるか、又は、2つの*が式(3)中のR122が結合する窒素原子との結合部位であり、かつ、2つの#が式(3)中のR122が結合する酸素原子との結合部位であることがより好ましく、2つの*が式(3)中のR122が結合する酸素原子との結合部位であり、かつ、2つの#が式(3)中のR122が結合する窒素原子との結合部位であることが更に好ましい。
閉環に伴う反りの発生を抑制できる点で、下記式(SL)で表されるジアミン残基を他の種類の繰り返し単位として含むことが好ましい。
式(SL)中、Zは、a構造とb構造を有し、R1sは、水素原子又は炭素数1~10の炭化水素基であり、R2sは炭素数1~10の炭化水素基であり、R3s、R4s、R5s、R6sのうち少なくとも1つは芳香族基で、残りは水素原子又は炭素数1~30の有機基で、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。a構造及びb構造の重合は、ブロック重合でもランダム重合でもよい。Z部分のモル%は、a構造は5~95モル%、b構造は95~5モル%であり、a+bは100モル%である。
上記ポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体の分子量の分散度は、1.4以上であることが好ましく、1.5以上がより好ましく、1.6以上であることが更に好ましい。ポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体の分子量の分散度の上限値は特に定めるものではないが、例えば、2.6以下が好ましく、2.5以下がより好ましく、2.4以下が更に好ましく、2.3以下が一層好ましく、2.2以下がより一層好ましい。
ポリベンゾオキサゾールとしては、ベンゾオキサゾール環を有する高分子化合物であれば、特に限定はないが、下記式(X)で表される化合物であることが好ましく、下記式(X)で表される化合物であって、重合性基を有する化合物であることがより好ましい。上記重合性基としては、ラジカル重合性基が好ましい。また、下記式(X)で表される化合物であって、酸分解性基等の極性変換基を有する化合物であってもよい。
式(X)中、R133は、2価の有機基を表し、R134は、4価の有機基を表す。
重合性基又は酸分解性基等の極性変換基を有する場合、重合性基又は酸分解性基等の極性変換基は、R133及びR134の少なくとも一方に位置していてもよいし、下記式(X-1)又は式(X-2)に示すようにポリベンゾオキサゾールの末端に位置していてもよい。
式(X-1)
式(X-1)中、R135及びR136の少なくとも一方は、重合性基又は酸分解性基等の極性変換基であり、重合性基又は酸分解性基等の極性変換基でない場合は有機基であり、他の基は式(X)と同義である。
式(X-2)
式(X-2)中、R137は重合性基又は酸分解性基等の極性変換基であり、他は置換基であり、他の基は式(X)と同義である。
例えば、R122として例示される4価の有機基の4つの結合子が、上記式(X)中の窒素原子、酸素原子と結合して縮合環を形成する。例えば、R134が、下記有機基である場合、下記構造を形成する。
なお、ジカルボン酸の場合には反応収率等を高めるため、1-ヒドロキシ-1,2,3-ベンゾトリアゾール等を予め反応させた活性エステル型のジカルボン酸誘導体を用いてもよい。
ポリイミド前駆体等は、ジカルボン酸又はジカルボン酸誘導体とジアミンとを反応させて得られる。好ましくは、ジカルボン酸又はジカルボン酸誘導体を、ハロゲン化剤を用いてハロゲン化させた後、ジアミンと反応させて得られる。
ポリイミド前駆体等の製造方法では、反応に際し、有機溶剤を用いることが好ましい。有機溶剤は1種でもよいし、2種以上でもよい。
有機溶剤としては、原料に応じて適宜定めることができるが、ピリジン、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル(ジグリム)、N-メチルピロリドン及びN-エチルピロリドンが例示される。
ポリイミドは、ポリイミド前駆体を合成してから、熱イミド化、化学イミド化(例えば、触媒を作用させることによる環化反応の促進)等の方法により環化させて製造してもよいし、直接、ポリイミドを合成してもよい。
ポリイミド前駆体等の製造方法に際し、保存安定性をより向上させるため、酸無水物、モノカルボン酸、モノ酸クロリド化合物、モノ活性エステル化合物などの末端封止剤で、ポリイミド前駆体等の末端を封止することが好ましい。末端封止剤としては、モノアルコール、フェノール、チオール、チオフェノール、モノアミンを用いることがより好ましい。
モノアルコールの好ましい化合物としては、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、ブタノール、ヘキサノール、オクタノール、ドデシノール、ベンジルアルコール、2-フェニルエタノール、2-メトキシエタノール、2-クロロメタノール、フルフリルアルコール等の1級アルコール、イソプロパノール、2-ブタノール、シクロヘキシルアルコール、シクロペンタノール、1-メトキシ-2-プロパノール等の2級アルコール、t-ブチルアルコール、アダマンタンアルコール等の3級アルコール、などが挙げられる。フェノール類の好ましい化合物としては、フェノール、メトキシフェノール、メチルフェノール、ナフタレン-1-オール、ナフタレン-2-オールなどが挙げられる。
モノアミンの好ましい化合物としては、アニリン、2-エチニルアニリン、3-エチニルアニリン、4-エチニルアニリン、5-アミノ-8-ヒドロキシキノリン、1-ヒドロキシ-7-アミノナフタレン、1-ヒドロキシ-6-アミノナフタレン、1-ヒドロキシ-5-アミノナフタレン、1-ヒドロキシ-4-アミノナフタレン、2-ヒドロキシ-7-アミノナフタレン、2-ヒドロキシ-6-アミノナフタレン、2-ヒドロキシ-5-アミノナフタレン、1-カルボキシ-7-アミノナフタレン、1-カルボキシ-6-アミノナフタレン、1-カルボキシ-5-アミノナフタレン、2-カルボキシ-7-アミノナフタレン、2-カルボキシ-6-アミノナフタレン、2-カルボキシ-5-アミノナフタレン、2-アミノ安息香酸、3-アミノ安息香酸、4-アミノ安息香酸、4-アミノサリチル酸、5-アミノサリチル酸、6-アミノサリチル酸、2-アミノベンゼンスルホン酸、3-アミノベンゼンスルホン酸、4-アミノベンゼンスルホン酸、3-アミノ-4,6-ジヒドロキシピリミジン、2-アミノフェノール、3-アミノフェノール、4-アミノフェノール、2-アミノチオフェノール、3-アミノチオフェノール、4-アミノチオフェノールなどが挙げられる。これらを2種以上用いてもよく、複数の末端封止剤を反応させることにより、複数の異なる末端基を導入してもよい。
また、樹脂末端のアミノ基を封止する際、アミノ基と反応可能な官能基を有する化合物で封止することが可能である。アミノ基に対する好ましい封止剤は、カルボン酸無水物、カルボン酸クロリド、カルボン酸ブロミド、スルホン酸クロリド、無水スルホン酸、スルホン酸カルボン酸無水物などが好ましく、カルボン酸無水物、カルボン酸クロリドがより好ましい。カルボン酸無水物の好ましい化合物としては、無水酢酸、無水プロピオン酸、無水シュウ酸、無水コハク酸、無水マレイン酸、無水フタル酸、無水安息香酸などが挙げられる。また、カルボン酸クロリドの好ましい化合物としては、塩化アセチル、アクリル酸クロリド、プロピオニルクロリド、メタクリル酸クロリド、ピバロイルクロリド、シクロヘキサンカルボニルクロリド、2-エチルヘキサノイルクロリド、シンナモイルクロリド、1-アダマンタンカルボニルクロリド、ヘプタフルオロブチリルクロリド、ステアリン酸クロリド、ベンゾイルクロリド、などが挙げられる。
ポリイミド前駆体等の製造に際し、固体を析出する工程を含んでいてもよい。具体的には、反応液中のポリイミド前駆体等を、水中に沈殿させ、テトラヒドロフラン等のポリイミド前駆体等が可溶な溶剤に溶解させることによって、固体析出することができる。
その後、ポリイミド前駆体等を乾燥して、粉末状のポリイミド前駆体等を得ることができる。
本発明の組成物における特定樹脂の含有量は、組成物の全固形分に対し20質量%以上であることが好ましく、30質量%以上であることがより好ましく、40質量%以上であることが更に好ましく、50質量%以上であることが一層好ましい。また、本発明の組成物における樹脂の含有量は、組成物の全固形分に対し、99.5質量%以下であることが好ましく、99質量%以下であることがより好ましく、98質量%以下であることが更に好ましく、97質量%以下であることが一層好ましく、95質量%以下であることがより一層好ましい。
本発明の組成物は、特定樹脂を1種のみ含んでいてもよいし、2種以上含んでいてもよい。2種以上含む場合、合計量が上記範囲となることが好ましい。
本発明の組成物は、上述した特定樹脂と、特定樹脂とは異なる、他の樹脂(以下、単に「他の樹脂」ともいう。)とを含んでもよい。
他の樹脂としては、ポリアミドイミド、ポリアミドイミド前駆体、フェノール樹脂、ポリアミド、エポキシ樹脂、ポリシロキサン、シロキサン構造を含む樹脂、アクリル樹脂等が挙げられる。
例えば、アクリル樹脂を更に加えることにより、塗布性に優れた組成物が得られ、また、耐溶剤性に優れた有機膜が得られる。
例えば、後述する重合性化合物に代えて、又は、後述する重合性化合物に加えて、重量平均分子量が20,000以下の重合性基価の高いアクリル系樹脂を組成物に添加することにより、組成物の塗布性、有機膜の耐溶剤性等を向上させることができる。
また、本発明の組成物における、他の樹脂の含有量は、組成物の全固形分に対し、80質量%以下であることが好ましく、75質量%以下であることがより好ましく、70質量%以下であることが更に好ましく、60質量%以下であることが一層好ましく、50質量%以下であることがより一層好ましい。
また、本発明の組成物の好ましい一態様として、他の樹脂の含有量が低含有量である態様とすることもできる。上記態様において、他の樹脂の含有量は、組成物の全固形分に対し、20質量%以下であることが好ましく、15質量%以下であることがより好ましく、10質量%以下であることが更に好ましく、5質量%以下であることが一層好ましく、1質量%以下であることがより一層好ましい。上記含有量の下限は特に限定されず、0質量%以上であればよい。
本発明の組成物は、他の樹脂を1種のみ含んでいてもよいし、2種以上含んでいてもよい。2種以上含む場合、合計量が上記範囲となることが好ましい。
本発明の組成物は、感光剤を含むことが好ましい。
感光剤としては、光重合開始剤が好ましい。
本発明の組成物は、感光剤として、光重合開始剤を含むことが好ましい。
光重合開始剤は、光ラジカル重合開始剤であることが好ましい。光ラジカル重合開始剤としては、特に制限はなく、公知の光ラジカル重合開始剤の中から適宜選択することができる。例えば、紫外線領域から可視領域の光線に対して感光性を有する光ラジカル重合開始剤が好ましい。また、光励起された増感剤と何らかの作用を生じ、活性ラジカルを生成する活性剤であってもよい。
また、上記光ラジカル重合開始剤としては、後述のオキシム化合物が好ましい。
また、本発明の組成物は、感光剤として、光酸発生剤を含むことも好ましい。
光酸発生剤を含有することで、例えば、組成物層の露光部に酸が発生して、上記露光部の現像液(例えば、アルカリ水溶液)に対する溶解性が増大し、露光部が現像液により除去されるポジ型のパターンを得ることができる。
また、組成物が、光酸発生剤と、後述するラジカル重合性化合物以外の重合性化合物とを含有することにより、例えば、露光部に発生した酸により上記重合性化合物の架橋反応が促進され、露光部が非露光部よりも現像液により除去されにくくなる態様とすることもできる。このような態様によれば、ネガ型のパターンを得ることができる。
上記ナフトキノンジアジド化合物としては、例えば、1,2-ナフトキノン-2-ジアジド-5-スルホン酸又は1,2-ナフトキノン-2-ジアジド-4-スルホン酸、これらの化合物の塩又はエステル化合物等が挙げられる。
オキシムスルホネート化合物は、オキシムスルホネート基を有していれば特に制限はないが、下記式(OS-1)、後述する式(OS-103)、式(OS-104)、又は、式(OS-105)で表されるオキシムスルホネート化合物であることが好ましい。
式(OS-1)中、m3は、0~3の整数を表し、0又は1が好ましい。m3が2又は3であるとき、複数のX3は同一でも異なっていてもよい。
式(OS-1)中、R34は、アルキル基又はアリール基を表し、炭素数1~10のアルキル基、炭素数1~10のアルコキシル基、炭素数1~5のハロゲン化アルキル基、炭素数1~5のハロゲン化アルコキシル基、Wで置換されていてもよいフェニル基、Wで置換されていてもよいナフチル基又はWで置換されていてもよいアントラニル基であることが好ましい。Wは、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、ニトロ基、炭素数1~10のアルキル基、炭素数1~10のアルコキシル基、炭素数1~5のハロゲン化アルキル基又は炭素数1~5のハロゲン化アルコキシル基、炭素数6~20のアリール基、炭素数6~20のハロゲン化アリール基を表す。
式(OS-103)~式(OS-105)中、Rs1で表されるアルキル基(炭素数1~30が好ましい)、アリール基(炭素数6~30が好ましい)又はヘテロアリール基(炭素数4~30が好ましい)は、置換基Tを有していてもよい。
式(OS-103)、式(OS-104)、又は、式(OS-105)中、XsはO又はSを表し、Oであることが好ましい。上記式(OS-103)~(OS-105)において、Xsを環員として含む環は、5員環又は6員環である。
式(OS-103)~式(OS-105)中、Rs6で表されるアルキル基(炭素数1~30が好ましい)及びアルキルオキシ基(炭素数1~30が好ましい)は、置換基を有していてもよい。
式(OS-103)~式(OS-105)中、msは0~6の整数を表し、0~2の整数であることが好ましく、0又は1であることがより好ましく、0であることが特に好ましい。
式(OS-106)~式(OS-111)中、Rt7は、水素原子又は臭素原子を表し、水素原子であることが好ましい。
Rt2は、水素原子又はメチル基を表し、水素原子であることが好ましい。
また、上記オキシムスルホネート化合物において、オキシムの立体構造(E,Z)については、いずれか一方であっても、混合物であってもよい。
上記式(OS-103)~式(OS-105)で表されるオキシムスルホネート化合物の具体例としては、特開2011-209692号公報の段落番号0088~0095、特開2015-194674号公報の段落番号0168~0194に記載の化合物が例示され、これらの内容は本明細書に組み込まれる。
式(OS-101)又は式(OS-102)中、Ru2aは、アルキル基又はアリール基を表す。
式(OS-101)又は式(OS-102)中、Xuは、-O-、-S-、-NH-、-NRu5-、-CH2-、-CRu6H-又はCRu6Ru7-を表し、Ru5~Ru7はそれぞれ独立に、アルキル基又はアリール基を表す。
また、上記オキシムスルホネート化合物において、オキシムやベンゾチアゾール環の立体構造(E,Z等)についてはそれぞれ、いずれか一方であっても、混合物であってもよい。
式(OS-101)で表される化合物の具体例としては、特開2011-209692号公報の段落番号0102~0106、特開2015-194674号公報の段落番号0195~0207に記載の化合物が例示され、これらの内容は本明細書に組み込まれる。
上記化合物の中でも、下記b-9、b-16、b-31、b-33が好ましい。
その他、光酸発生剤としては市販品を使用してもよい。市販品としては、WPAG-145、WPAG-149、WPAG-170、WPAG-199、WPAG-336、WPAG-367、WPAG-370、WPAG-443、WPAG-469、WPAG-638、WPAG-699(いずれも富士フイルム和光純薬(株)製)、Omnicat 250、Omnicat 270(いずれもIGM Resins B.V.社製)、Irgacure 250、Irgacure 270、Irgacure 290(いずれもBASF社製)、MBZ-101(みどり化学(株)製)等が挙げられる。
より好適には、少なくとも一つのモノ、ジ、又はトリハロゲン置換メチル基がs-トリアジン環に結合したs-トリアジン誘導体、具体的には、例えば、2,4,6-トリス(モノクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2,4,6-トリス(ジクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2,4,6-トリス(トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-メチル-4,6-ビス(トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2―n-プロピル-4,6-ビス(トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-(α,α,β-トリクロロエチル)-4,6-ビス(トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-フェニル-4,6-ビス(トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-(p-メトキシフェニル)-4,6-ビス(トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-(3,4-エポキシフェニル)-4、6-ビス(トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-(p-クロロフェニル)-4,6-ビス(トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-〔1-(p-メトキシフェニル)-2,4-ブタジエニル〕-4,6-ビス(トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-スチリル-4,6-ビス(トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-(p-メトキシスチリル)-4,6-ビス(トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-(p-i-プロピルオキシスチリル)-4、6-ビス(トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-(p-トリル)-4,6-ビス(トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-(4-ナトキシナフチル)-4,6-ビス(トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-フェニルチオ-4,6-ビス(トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-ベンジルチオ-4,6-ビス(トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2,4,6-トリス(ジブロモメチル)-s-トリアジン、2,4,6-トリス(トリブロモメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-メチル-4,6-ビス(トリブロモメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-メトキシ-4,6-ビス(トリブロモメチル)-s-トリアジン等が挙げられる。
式(RI-I)中、Ar11は置換基を1~6有していても良い炭素数20以下のアリール基を表し、好ましい置換基としては炭素数1~12のアルキル基、炭素数1~12のアルケニル基、炭素数1~12のアルキニル基、炭素数1~12のアリール基、炭素数1~12のアルコキシ基、炭素数1~12のアリーロキシ基、ハロゲン原子、炭素数1~12のアルキルアミノ基、炭素数1~12のジアルキルアミノ基、炭素数1~12のアルキルアミド基又はアリールアミド基、カルボニル基、カルボキシル基、シアノ基、スルホニル基、炭素数1~12のチオアルキル基、炭素数1~12のチオアリール基が挙げられる。Z11-は1価の陰イオンを表し、ハロゲンイオン、過塩素酸イオン、ヘキサフルオロホスフェートイオン、テトラフルオロボレートイオン、スルホン酸イオン、スルフィン酸イオン、チオスルホン酸イオン、硫酸イオンであり、安定性の面から過塩素酸イオン、ヘキサフルオロホスフェートイオン、テトラフルオロボレートイオン、スルホン酸イオン、スルフィン酸イオンが好ましい。式(RI-II)中、Ar21、Ar22は各々独立に置換基を1~6有していても良い炭素数20以下のアリール基を表し、好ましい置換基としては炭素数1~12のアルキル基、炭素数1~12のアルケニル基、炭素数1~12のアルキニル基、炭素数1~12のアリール基、炭素数1~12のアルコキシ基、炭素数1~12のアリーロキシ基、ハロゲン原子、炭素数1~12のアルキルアミノ基、炭素数1~12のジアルキルアミノ基、炭素数1~12のアルキルアミド基又はアリールアミド基、カルボニル基、カルボキシル基、シアノ基、スルホニル基、炭素数1~12のチオアルキル基、炭素数1~12のチオアリール基が挙げられる。Z21 -は1価の陰イオンを表し、ハロゲンイオン、過塩素酸イオン、ヘキサフルオロホスフェートイオン、テトラフルオロボレートイオン、スルホン酸イオン、スルフィン酸イオン、チオスルホン酸イオン、硫酸イオンであり、安定性、反応性の面から過塩素酸イオン、ヘキサフルオロホスフェートイオン、テトラフルオロボレートイオン、スルホン酸イオン、スルフィン酸イオン、カルボン酸イオンが好ましい。式(RI-III)中、R31、R32、R33は各々独立に置換基を1~6有していても良い炭素数20以下のアリール基又はアルキル基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基を表し、好ましくは反応性、安定性の面から、アリール基であることが望ましい。好ましい置換基としては炭素数1~12のアルキル基、炭素数1~12のアルケニル基、炭素数1~12のアルキニル基、炭素数1~12のアリール基、炭素数1~12のアルコキシ基、炭素数1~12のアリーロキシ基、ハロゲン原子、炭素数1~12のアルキルアミノ基、炭素数1~12のジアルキルアミノ基、炭素数1~12のアルキルアミド基又はアリールアミド基、カルボニル基、カルボキシル基、シアノ基、スルホニル基、炭素数1~12のチオアルキル基、炭素数1~12のチオアリール基が挙げられる。Z31-は1価の陰イオンを表し、ハロゲンイオン、過塩素酸イオン、ヘキサフルオロホスフェートイオン、テトラフルオロボレートイオン、スルホン酸イオン、スルフィン酸イオン、チオスルホン酸イオン、硫酸イオンであり、安定性、反応性の面から過塩素酸イオン、ヘキサフルオロホスフェートイオン、テトラフルオロボレートイオン、スルホン酸イオン、スルフィン酸イオン、カルボン酸イオンが好ましい。
本発明の組成物は、熱重合開始剤を含んでもよく、特に熱ラジカル重合開始剤を含んでもよい。熱ラジカル重合開始剤は、熱のエネルギーによってラジカルを発生し、重合性を有する化合物の重合反応を開始又は促進させる化合物である。熱ラジカル重合開始剤を添加することによって、後述する加熱工程において、樹脂及び重合性化合物の重合反応を進行させることもできるので、より耐溶剤性を向上できる。
本発明の組成物は、熱酸発生剤を含んでもよい。
熱酸発生剤は、加熱により酸を発生し、ヒドロキシメチル基、アルコキシメチル基又はアシルオキシメチル基を有する化合物、エポキシ化合物、オキセタン化合物及びベンゾオキサジン化合物から選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物の架橋反応を促進させる効果がある。
熱分解開始温度は、熱酸発生剤を耐圧カプセル中5℃/分で500℃まで加熱した場合に、最も温度が低い発熱ピークのピーク温度として求められる。
熱分解開始温度を測定する際に用いられる機器としては、Q2000(TAインスツルメント社製)等が挙げられる。
本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物は、オニウム塩を更に含んでもよい。
特に、本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物が特定樹脂としてポリイミド前駆体又はポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体を含む場合、オニウム塩を含むことが好ましい。
オニウム塩の種類等は特に定めるものではないが、アンモニウム塩、イミニウム塩、スルホニウム塩、ヨードニウム塩又はホスホニウム塩が好ましく挙げられる。
これらの中でも、熱安定性が高い観点からはアンモニウム塩又はイミニウム塩が好ましく、ポリマーとの相溶性の観点からはスルホニウム塩、ヨードニウム塩又はホスホニウム塩が好ましい。
すなわち、オニウム塩は、同一の分子構造内に、カチオン部と、アニオン部と、を有する分子内塩であってもよいし、それぞれ別分子であるカチオン分子と、アニオン分子と、がイオン結合した分子間塩であってもよいが、分子間塩であることが好ましい。また、本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物において、上記カチオン部又はカチオン分子と、上記アニオン部又はアニオン分子と、はイオン結合により結合されていてもよいし、解離していてもよい。
オニウム塩におけるカチオンとしては、アンモニウムカチオン、ピリジニウムカチオン、スルホニウムカチオン、ヨードニウムカチオン又はホスホニウムカチオンが好ましく、テトラアルキルアンモニウムカチオン、スルホニウムカチオン及びヨードニウムカチオンよりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のカチオンがより好ましい。
熱塩基発生剤とは、加熱により塩基を発生する化合物をいい、例えば、40℃以上に加熱すると塩基を発生する化合物等が挙げられる。
本発明において、アンモニウム塩とは、アンモニウムカチオンと、アニオンとの塩を意味する。
アンモニウムカチオンとしては、第四級アンモニウムカチオンが好ましい。
また、アンモニウムカチオンとしては、下記式(101)で表されるカチオンが好ましい。
式(101)中、R1~R4はそれぞれ独立に、水素原子又は炭化水素基を表し、R1~R4の少なくとも2つはそれぞれ結合して環を形成してもよい。
R1~R4の少なくとも2つはそれぞれ結合して環を形成する場合、上記環はヘテロ原子を含んでもよい。上記ヘテロ原子としては、窒素原子が挙げられる。
式(Y1-1)において、R101は、脂肪族炭化水素、芳香族炭化水素、又は、これらが結合した構造からn個の水素原子を除いた基であることが好ましく、炭素数2~30の飽和脂肪族炭化水素、ベンゼン又はナフタレンからn個の水素原子を除いた基であることがより好ましい。
式(Y1-1)において、nは1~4であることが好ましく、1又は2であることがより好ましく、1であることが更に好ましい。
式(Y1-2)において、Ar101及びAr102はそれぞれ独立に、フェニル基又はナフチル基であることが好ましく、フェニル基がより好ましい。
アンモニウム塩におけるアニオンとしては、カルボン酸アニオン、フェノールアニオン、リン酸アニオン及び硫酸アニオンから選ばれる1種が好ましく、塩の安定性と熱分解性を両立させられるという理由からカルボン酸アニオンがより好ましい。すなわち、アンモニウム塩は、アンモニウムカチオンとカルボン酸アニオンとの塩がより好ましい。
カルボン酸アニオンは、2個以上のカルボキシ基を持つ2価以上のカルボン酸のアニオンが好ましく、2価のカルボン酸のアニオンがより好ましい。この態様によれば、硬化性樹脂組成物の安定性、硬化性及び現像性をより向上できる。特に、2価のカルボン酸のアニオンを用いることで、硬化性樹脂組成物の安定性、硬化性及び現像性を更に向上できる。
σmが正の値を示す置換基の例としては、CF3基(σm=0.43)、CF3C(=O)基(σm=0.63)、HC≡C基(σm=0.21)、CH2=CH基(σm=0.06)、Ac基(σm=0.38)、MeOC(=O)基(σm=0.37)、MeC(=O)CH=CH基(σm=0.21)、PhC(=O)基(σm=0.34)、H2NC(=O)CH2基(σm=0.06)などが挙げられる。なお、Meはメチル基を表し、Acはアセチル基を表し、Phはフェニル基を表す(以下、同じ)。
式(EWG-1)~(EWG-6)中、Rx1~Rx3は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、アルケニル基、アリール基、ヒドロキシ基又はカルボキシ基を表し、Arは芳香族基を表す。
式(XA)において、L10は、単結合、又は、アルキレン基、アルケニレン基、芳香族基、-NRX-及びこれらの組み合わせよりなる群から選ばれる2価の連結基を表し、RXは、水素原子、アルキル基、アルケニル基又はアリール基を表す。
上記pKaの下限は特に限定されないが、発生する塩基が中和されにくく、複素環ポリマー含有前駆体などの環化効率を良好にするという観点からは、-3以上であることが好ましく、-2以上であることがより好ましい。
上記pKaとしては、Determination of Organic Structures by Physical Methods(著者:Brown, H. C., McDaniel, D. H., Hafliger, O., Nachod, F. C.; 編纂:Braude, E. A., Nachod, F. C.; Academic Press, New York, 1955)や、Data for Biochemical Research(著者:Dawson, R.M.C.et al; Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1959)に記載の値を参照することができる。これらの文献に記載の無い化合物については、ACD/pKa(ACD/Labs製)のソフトを用いて構造式より算出した値を用いることとする。
本発明において、イミニウム塩とは、イミニウムカチオンと、アニオンとの塩を意味する。アニオンとしては、上述のアンモニウム塩におけるアニオンと同様のものが例示され、好ましい態様も同様である。
式(102)中、R5及びR6は上述の式(101)におけるR1~R4と同義であり、好ましい態様も同様である。
式(102)中、R7はR5及びR6の少なくとも1つと結合して環を形成することが好ましい。上記環はヘテロ原子を含んでもよい。上記ヘテロ原子としては、窒素原子が挙げられる。また、上記環としてはピリジン環が好ましい。
式(Y1-3)~(Y1-5)において、R101は、n価の有機基を表し、R5は式(102)におけるR5と同義であり、R7は式(102)におけるR7と同義であり、n及びmは、1以上の整数を表す。
式(Y1-3)において、R101は、脂肪族炭化水素、芳香族炭化水素、又は、これらが結合した構造からn個の水素原子を除いた基であることが好ましく、炭素数2~30の飽和脂肪族炭化水素、ベンゼン又はナフタレンからn個の水素原子を除いた基であることがより好ましい。
式(Y1-3)において、nは1~4であることが好ましく、1又は2であることがより好ましく、1であることが更に好ましい。
式(Y1-5)において、mは0~4であることが好ましく、1又は2であることがより好ましく、1であることが更に好ましい。
本発明において、スルホニウム塩とは、スルホニウムカチオンと、アニオンとの塩を意味する。アニオンとしては、上述のアンモニウム塩におけるアニオンと同様のものが例示され、好ましい態様も同様である。
スルホニウムカチオンとしては、第三級スルホニウムカチオンが好ましく、トリアリールスルホニウムカチオンがより好ましい。
また、スルホニウムカチオンとしては、下記式(103)で表されるカチオンが好ましい。
R8~R10はそれぞれ独立に、アルキル基又はアリール基であることが好ましく、炭素数1~10のアルキル基又は炭素数6~12のアリール基であることがより好ましく、炭素数6~12のアリール基であることが更に好ましく、フェニル基であることが更に好ましい。
R8~R10は置換基を有していてもよく、置換基の例としては、ヒドロキシ基、アリール基、アルコキシ基、アリールオキシ基、アリールカルボニル基、アルキルカルボニル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、アリールオキシカルボニル基、アシルオキシ基等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、置換基として、アルキル基、又は、アルコキシ基を有することが好ましく、分岐アルキル基又はアルコキシ基を有することがより好ましく、炭素数3~10の分岐アルキル基、又は、炭素数1~10のアルコキシ基を有することが更に好ましい。
R8~R10は同一の基であっても、異なる基であってもよいが、合成適性上の観点からは、同一の基であることが好ましい。
本発明において、ヨードニウム塩とは、ヨードニウムカチオンと、アニオンとの塩を意味する。アニオンとしては、上述のアンモニウム塩におけるアニオンと同様のものが例示され、好ましい態様も同様である。
R11及びR12はそれぞれ独立に、アルキル基又はアリール基であることが好ましく、炭素数1~10のアルキル基又は炭素数6~12のアリール基であることがより好ましく、炭素数6~12のアリール基であることが更に好ましく、フェニル基であることが更に好ましい。
R11及びR12は置換基を有していてもよく、置換基の例としては、ヒドロキシ基、アリール基、アルコキシ基、アリールオキシ基、アリールカルボニル基、アルキルカルボニル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、アリールオキシカルボニル基、アシルオキシ基等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、置換基として、アルキル基、又はアルコキシ基を有することが好ましく、分岐アルキル基又はアルコキシ基を有することがより好ましく、炭素数3~10の分岐アルキル基、又は、炭素数1~10のアルコキシ基を有することが更に好ましい。
R11及びR12は同一の基であっても、異なる基であってもよいが、合成適性上の観点からは、同一の基であることが好ましい。
本発明において、ホスホニウム塩とは、ホスホニウムカチオンと、アニオンとの塩を意味する。アニオンとしては、上述のアンモニウム塩におけるアニオンと同様のものが例示され、好ましい態様も同様である。
ホスホニウムカチオンとしては、第四級ホスホニウムカチオンが好ましく、テトラアルキルホスホニウムカチオン、トリアリールモノアルキルホスホニウムカチオン等が挙げられる。
また、ホスホニウムカチオンとしては、下記式(105)で表されるカチオンが好ましい。
R13~R16はそれぞれ独立に、アルキル基又はアリール基であることが好ましく、炭素数1~10のアルキル基又は炭素数6~12のアリール基であることがより好ましく、炭素数6~12のアリール基であることが更に好ましく、フェニル基であることが更に好ましい。
R13~R16は置換基を有していてもよく、置換基の例としては、ヒドロキシ基、アリール基、アルコキシ基、アリールオキシ基、アリールカルボニル基、アルキルカルボニル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、アリールオキシカルボニル基、アシルオキシ基等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、置換基として、アルキル基、又はアルコキシ基を有することが好ましく、分岐アルキル基又はアルコキシ基を有することがより好ましく、炭素数3~10の分岐アルキル基、又は、炭素数1~10のアルコキシ基を有することが更に好ましい。
R13~R16は同一の基であっても、異なる基であってもよいが、合成適性上の観点からは、同一の基であることが好ましい。
オニウム塩は、1種又は2種以上を用いることができる。2種以上を用いる場合は、合計量が上記範囲であることが好ましい。
本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物は、熱塩基発生剤を更に含んでもよい。
特に、本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物が特定樹脂としてポリイミド前駆体又はポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体を含む場合、熱塩基発生剤を含むことが好ましい。
他の熱塩基発生剤は、上述のオニウム塩に該当する化合物であってもよいし、上述のオニウム塩以外の熱塩基発生剤であってもよい。
上述のオニウム塩以外の熱塩基発生剤としては、ノニオン系熱塩基発生剤が挙げられる。
ノニオン系熱塩基発生剤としては、式(B1)又は式(B2)で表される化合物が挙げられる。
Rb13はアルキル基(炭素数1~24が好ましく、2~18がより好ましく、3~12が更に好ましい)、アルケニル基(炭素数2~24が好ましく、2~18がより好ましく、3~12が更に好ましい)、アリール基(炭素数6~22が好ましく、6~18がより好ましく、6~12が更に好ましい)、アリールアルキル基(炭素数7~23が好ましく、7~19がより好ましく、7~12が更に好ましい)であり、本発明の効果を奏する範囲で置換基を有していてもよい。中でも、Rb13はアリールアルキル基が好ましい。
Rb15及びRb16は水素原子、アルキル基(炭素数1~12が好ましく、1~6がより好ましく、1~3が更に好ましい)、アルケニル基(炭素数2~12が好ましく、2~6がより好ましく、2~3が更に好ましい)、アリール基(炭素数6~22が好ましく、6~18がより好ましく、6~10が更に好ましい)、アリールアルキル基(炭素数7~23が好ましく、7~19がより好ましく、7~11が更に好ましい)であり、水素原子又はメチル基が好ましい。
Rb17はアルキル基(炭素数1~24が好ましく、1~12がより好ましく、3~8が更に好ましい)、アルケニル基(炭素数2~12が好ましく、2~10がより好ましく、3~8が更に好ましい)、アリール基(炭素数6~22が好ましく、6~18がより好ましく、6~12が更に好ましい)、アリールアルキル基(炭素数7~23が好ましく、7~19がより好ましく、7~12が更に好ましい)であり、中でもアリール基が好ましい。
本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物は、架橋剤を含むことが好ましい。
架橋剤としては、ラジカル架橋剤、又は、他の架橋剤が挙げられる。
本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物は、ラジカル架橋剤を更に含むことが好ましい。
ラジカル架橋剤は、ラジカル重合性基を有する化合物である。ラジカル重合性基としては、エチレン性不飽和結合を含む基が好ましい。上記エチレン性不飽和結合を含む基としては、ビニル基、アリル基、ビニルフェニル基、(メタ)アクリロイル基などのエチレン性不飽和結合を有する基が挙げられる。
これらの中でも、上記エチレン性不飽和結合を含む基としては、(メタ)アクリロイル基が好ましく、反応性の観点からは、(メタ)アクリロキシ基がより好ましい。
エチレン性不飽和結合を2個有する化合物は、上記エチレン性不飽和結合を含む基を2個有する化合物であることが好ましい。
また、得られるパターン(硬化膜)の膜強度の観点からは、本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物は、ラジカル架橋剤として、エチレン性不飽和結合を3個以上有する化合物を含むことが好ましい。上記エチレン性不飽和結合を3個以上有する化合物としては、エチレン性不飽和結合を3~15個有する化合物が好ましく、エチレン性不飽和結合を3~10個有する化合物がより好ましく、3~6個有する化合物が更に好ましい。
また、上記エチレン性不飽和結合を3個以上有する化合物は、上記エチレン性不飽和結合を含む基を3個以上有する化合物であることが好ましく、3~15個有する化合物であることがより好ましく、3~10個有する化合物であることが更に好ましく、3~6個有する化合物であることが特に好ましい。
一方、現像性の観点からは、ラジカル架橋剤は、上記エチレン性不飽和結合を2個有する化合物であることが特に好ましい。
また、得られるパターン(硬化膜)の膜強度の観点からは、本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物は、エチレン性不飽和結合を2個有する化合物と、上記エチレン性不飽和結合を3個以上有する化合物とを含むことも好ましい。
具体的な化合物としては、トリエチレングリコールジアクリレート、トリエチレングリコールジメタクリレート、テトラエチレングリコールジメタクリレート、テトラエチレングリコールジアクリレート、PEG200ジアクリレート(ポリエチレングリコールジアクリレートであって、ポリエチレングリコール鎖の式量が200程度のもの)、PEG200ジメタクリレート、PEG600ジアクリレート、PEG600ジメタクリレート、ポリテトラエチレングリコールジアクリレート、ポリテトラエチレングリコールジメタクリレート、ネオペンチルグリコールジアクリレート、ネオペンチルグリコールジメタクリレート、3-メチル-1,5-ペンタンジオールジアクリレート、1,6-ヘキサンジオールジアクリレート、1,6ヘキサンジオールジメタクリレート、ジメチロール-トリシクロデカンジアクリレート、ジメチロール-トリシクロデカンジメタクリレート、ビスフェノールAのEO(エチレンオキサイド)付加物ジアクリレート、ビスフェノールAのEO付加物ジメタクリレート、ビスフェノールAのPO付加物ジアクリレート、ビスフェノールAのPO付加物ジメタリレート、2-ヒドロキシー3-アクリロイロキシプロピルメタクリレート、イソシアヌル酸EO変性ジアクリレート、イソシアヌル酸変性ジメタクリレート、その他ウレタン結合を有する2官能アクリレート、ウレタン結合を有する2官能メタクリレートを使用することができる。これらは必要に応じ、2種以上を混合し使用することができる。
また、その他、2官能以上ののラジカル架橋剤としては、ジアリルフタレート、トリアリルトリメリテート等が挙げられる。
パターン(硬化膜)の弾性率制御に伴う反り抑制の観点から、ラジカル架橋剤として、単官能ラジカル架橋剤を好ましく用いることができる。単官能ラジカル架橋剤としては、n-ブチル(メタ)アクリレート、2-エチルヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート、2-ヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、ブトキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、カルビトール(メタ)アクリレート、シクロヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート、ベンジル(メタ)アクリレート、フェノキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、N-メチロール(メタ)アクリルアミド、グリシジル(メタ)アクリレート、ポリエチレングリコールモノ(メタ)アクリレート、ポリプロピレングリコールモノ(メタ)アクリレート等の(メタ)アクリル酸誘導体、N-ビニルピロリドン、N-ビニルカプロラクタム等のN-ビニル化合物類、アリルグリシジルエーテル、ジアリルフタレート、トリアリルトリメリテート等のアリル化合物類等が好ましく用いられる。単官能ラジカル架橋剤としては、露光前の揮発を抑制するため、常圧下で100℃以上の沸点を持つ化合物も好ましい。
本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物は、上述したラジカル架橋剤とは異なる、他の架橋剤を含むことが好ましい。
本発明において、他の架橋剤とは、上述したラジカル架橋剤以外の架橋剤をいい、上述の感光剤の感光により、組成物中の他の化合物又はその反応生成物との間で共有結合を形成する反応が促進される基を分子内に複数個有する化合物であることが好ましく、組成物中の他の化合物又はその反応生成物との間で共有結合を形成する反応が酸又は塩基の作用によって促進される基を分子内に複数個有する化合物が好ましい。
上記酸又は塩基は、露光工程において、感光剤から発生する酸又は塩基であることが好ましい。
他の架橋剤としては、メチロール基及びアルコキシメチル基よりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも一種の基を有する化合物が好ましく、メチロール基及びアルコキシメチル基よりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも一種の基が窒素原子に直接結合した構造を有する化合物がより好ましい。
他の架橋剤としては、例えば、メラミン、グリコールウリル、尿素、アルキレン尿素、ベンゾグアナミンなどのアミノ基含有化合物にホルムアルデヒド又はホルムアルデヒドとアルコールを反応させ、上記アミノ基の水素原子をメチロール基又はアルコキシメチル基で置換した構造を有する化合物が挙げられる。これらの化合物の製造方法は特に限定されず、上記方法により製造された化合物と同様の構造を有する化合物であればよい。また、これらの化合物のメチロール基同士が自己縮合してなるオリゴマーであってもよい。
上記のアミノ基含有化合物として、メラミンを用いた架橋剤をメラミン系架橋剤、グリコールウリル、尿素又はアルキレン尿素を用いた架橋剤を尿素系架橋剤、アルキレン尿素を用いた架橋剤をアルキレン尿素系架橋剤、ベンゾグアナミンを用いた架橋剤をベンゾグアナミン系架橋剤という。
これらの中でも、本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物は、尿素系架橋剤及びメラミン系架橋剤よりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の化合物を含むことが好ましく、後述するグリコールウリル系架橋剤及びメラミン系架橋剤よりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の化合物を含むことがより好ましい。
ビスメトキシメチル尿素、ビスエトキシメチル尿素、ビスプロポキシメチル尿素、ビスブトキシメチル尿素等の尿素系架橋剤、
モノヒドロキシメチル化エチレン尿素又はジヒドロキシメチル化エチレン尿素、モノメトキシメチル化エチレン尿素、ジメトキシメチル化エチレン尿素、モノエトキシメチル化エチレン尿素、ジエトキシメチル化エチレン尿素、モノプロポキシメチル化エチレン尿素、ジプロポキシメチル化エチレン尿素、モノブトキシメチル化エチレン尿素、又は、ジブトキシメチル化エチレン尿素などのエチレン尿素系架橋剤、
モノヒドロキシメチル化プロピレン尿素、ジヒドロキシメチル化プロピレン尿素、モノメトキシメチル化プロピレン尿素、ジメトキシメチル化プロピレン尿素、モノジエトキシメチル化プロピレン尿素、ジエトキシメチル化プロピレン尿素、モノプロポキシメチル化プロピレン尿素、ジプロポキシメチル化プロピレン尿素、モノブトキシメチル化プロピレン尿素、又は、ジブトキシメチル化プロピレン尿素などのプロピレン尿素系架橋剤、
1,3-ジ(メトキシメチル)4,5-ジヒドロキシ-2-イミダゾリジノン、1,3-ジ(メトキシメチル)-4,5-ジメトキシ-2-イミダゾリジノンなどが挙げられる。
このような化合物の具体例としては、ベンゼンジメタノール、ビス(ヒドロキシメチル)クレゾール、ビス(ヒドロキシメチル)ジメトキシベンゼン、ビス(ヒドロキシメチル)ジフェニルエーテル、ビス(ヒドロキシメチル)ベンゾフェノン、ヒドロキシメチル安息香酸ヒドロキシメチルフェニル、ビス(ヒドロキシメチル)ビフェニル、ジメチルビス(ヒドロキシメチル)ビフェニル、ビス(メトキシメチル)ベンゼン、ビス(メトキシメチル)クレゾール、ビス(メトキシメチル)ジメトキシベンゼン、ビス(メトキシメチル)ジフェニルエーテル、ビス(メトキシメチル)ベンゾフェノン、メトキシメチル安息香酸メトキシメチルフェニル、ビス(メトキシメチル)ビフェニル、ジメチルビス(メトキシメチル)ビフェニル、4,4’,4’’-エチリデントリス[2,6-ビス(メトキシメチル)フェノール]、5,5’-[2,2,2‐トリフルオロ‐1‐(トリフルオロメチル)エチリデン]ビス[2‐ヒドロキシ‐1,3‐ベンゼンジメタノール]、3,3’,5,5’-テトラキス(メトキシメチル)-1,1’-ビフェニル-4,4’-ジオール等が挙げられる。
エポキシ化合物としては、一分子中にエポキシ基を2以上有する化合物であることが好ましい。エポキシ基は、200℃以下で架橋反応し、かつ、架橋に由来する脱水反応が起こらないため膜収縮が起きにくい。このため、エポキシ化合物を含有することは、硬化性樹脂組成物の低温硬化及び反りの抑制に効果的である。
オキセタン化合物としては、一分子中にオキセタン環を2つ以上有する化合物、3-エチル-3-ヒドロキシメチルオキセタン、1,4-ビス{[(3-エチル-3-オキセタニル)メトキシ]メチル}ベンゼン、3-エチル-3-(2-エチルヘキシルメチル)オキセタン、1,4-ベンゼンジカルボン酸-ビス[(3-エチル-3-オキセタニル)メチル]エステル等を挙げることができる。具体的な例としては、東亞合成(株)製のアロンオキセタンシリーズ(例えば、OXT-121、OXT-221、OXT-191、OXT-223)が好適に使用することができ、これらは単独で、又は2種以上混合してもよい。
ベンゾオキサジン化合物は、開環付加反応に由来する架橋反応のため、硬化時に脱ガスが発生せず、更に熱収縮を小さくして反りの発生が抑えられることから好ましい。
得られるパターン(硬化膜)の基材への密着性を向上する観点からは、本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物は、スルホンアミド構造を有する化合物及びチオウレア構造を有する化合物よりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の化合物を更に含むことが好ましい。
スルホンアミド構造とは、下記式(S-1)で表される構造である。
式(S-1)中、Rは水素原子又は有機基を表し、Rは他の構造と結合して環構造を形成してもよく、*はそれぞれ独立に、他の構造との結合部位を表す。
上記Rは、下記式(S-2)におけるR2と同様の基であることが好ましい。
スルホンアミド構造を有する化合物は、スルホンアミド構造を2以上有する化合物であってもよいが、スルホンアミド構造を1つ有する化合物であることが好ましい。
式(S-2)中、R1、R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に、水素原子又は1価の有機基を表し、R1、R2及びR3のうち2つ以上が互いに結合して環構造を形成していてもよい。
R1、R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に、1価の有機基であることが好ましい。
R1、R2及びR3の例としては、水素原子、又は、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルキルエーテル基、アルキルシリル基、アルコキシシリル基、アリール基、アリールエーテル基、カルボキシ基、カルボニル基、アリル基、ビニル基、複素環基、若しくはこれらを2以上組み合わせた基などが挙げられる。
上記アルキル基としては、炭素数1~10のアルキル基が好ましく、炭素数1~6のアルキル基がより好ましい。上記アルキル基としては、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基、ペンチル基、ヘキシル基、イソプロピル基、2-エチルへキシル基等が挙げられる。
上記シクロアルキル基としては、炭素数5~10のシクロアルキル基が好ましく、炭素数6~10のシクロアルキル基がより好ましい。上記シクロアルキル基としては、例えば、シクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、シクロペンチル基及びシクロヘキシル基等が挙げられる。
上記アルコキシ基としては、炭素数1~10のアルコキシ基が好ましく、炭素数1~5のアルコキシ基がより好ましい。上記アルコキシ基としては、メトキシ基、エトキシ基、プロポキシ基、ブトキシ基及びペントキシ基等が挙げられる。
上記アルコキシシリル基としては、炭素数1~10のアルコキシシリル基が好ましく、炭素数1~4のアルコキシシリル基がより好ましい。上記アルコキシシリル基としては、メトキシシリル基、エトキシシリル基、プロポキシシリル基及びブトキシシリル基等が挙げられる。
上記アリール基としては、炭素数6~20のアリール基が好ましく、炭素数6~12のアリール基がより好ましい。上記アリール基は、アルキル基等の置換基を有していてもよい。上記アリール基としては、フェニル基、トリル基、キシリル基及びナフチル基等が挙げられる。
上記複素環基としては、トリアゾール環、ピロール環、フラン環、チオフェン環、イミダゾール環、オキサゾール環、チアゾール環、ピラゾール環、イソオキサゾール環、イソチアゾール環、テトラゾール環、ピリジン環、ピリダジン環、ピリミジジン環、ピラジン環、ピペリジン環、ピペリジン、ピペラジン環、モルホリン環、ジヒドロピラン環、テトラヒドロピラン基、トリアジン環等の複素環構造から水素原子を1つ除いた基などが挙げられる。
チオウレア構造とは、下記式(T-1)で表される構造である。
式(T-1)中、R4及びR5はそれぞれ独立に、水素原子又は1価の有機基を表し、R4及びR5は結合して環構造を形成してもよく、R4は*が結合する他の構造と結合して環構造を形成してもよく、R5は*が結合する他の構造と結合して環構造を形成してもよく、*はそれぞれ独立に、他の構造との結合部位を表す。
R4及びR5の例としては、水素原子、又は、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルキルエーテル基、アルキルシリル基、アルコキシシリル基、アリール基、アリールエーテル基、カルボキシ基、カルボニル基、アリル基、ビニル基、複素環基、若しくは、これらを2以上組み合わせた基などが挙げられる。
上記アルキル基としては、炭素数1~10のアルキル基が好ましく、炭素数1~6のアルキル基がより好ましい。上記アルキル基としては、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基、ペンチル基、ヘキシル基、イソプロピル基、2-エチルへキシル基等が挙げられる。
上記シクロアルキル基としては、炭素数5~10のシクロアルキル基が好ましく、炭素数6~10のシクロアルキル基がより好ましい。上記シクロアルキル基としては、例えば、シクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、シクロペンチル基及びシクロヘキシル基等が挙げられる。
上記アルコキシ基としては、炭素数1~10のアルコキシ基が好ましく、炭素数1~5のアルコキシ基がより好ましい。上記アルコキシ基としては、メトキシ基、エトキシ基、プロポキシ基、ブトキシ基及びペントキシ基等が挙げられる。
上記アルコキシシリル基としては、炭素数1~10のアルコキシシリル基が好ましく、炭素数1~4のアルコキシシリル基がより好ましい。上記アルコキシシリル基としては、メトキシシリル基、エトキシシリル基、プロポキシシリル基及びブトキシシリル基等が挙げられる。
上記アリール基としては、炭素数6~20のアリール基が好ましく、炭素数6~12のアリール基がより好ましい。上記アリール基は、アルキル基等の置換基を有していてもよい。上記アリール基としては、フェニル基、トリル基、キシリル基及びナフチル基等が挙げられる。
上記複素環基としては、トリアゾール環、ピロール環、フラン環、チオフェン環、イミダゾール環、オキサゾール環、チアゾール環、ピラゾール環、イソオキサゾール環、イソチアゾール環、テトラゾール環、ピリジン環、ピリダジン環、ピリミジジン環、ピラジン環、ピペリジン環、ピペリジン、ピペラジン環、モルホリン環、ジヒドロピラン環、テトラヒドロピラン基、トリアジン環等の複素環構造から水素原子を1つ除いた基などが挙げられる。
チオウレア構造を有する化合物は、チオウレア構造を2以上有する化合物であってもよいが、チオウレア構造を1つ有する化合物であることが好ましい。
式(T-2)中、R4~R7はそれぞれ独立に、水素原子又は1価の有機基を表し、R4~R7のうち少なくとも2つは互いに結合して環構造を形成していてもよい。
式(T-2)中、R6及びR7はそれぞれ独立に、1価の有機基であることが好ましい。
式(T-2)中、R6及びR7における1価の有機基の好ましい態様は、式(T-1)中のR4及びR5における1価の有機基の好ましい態様と同様である。
本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物の全質量に対する、スルホンアミド構造を有する化合物及びチオウレア構造を有する化合物の合計含有量は、0.05~10質量%であることが好ましく、0.1~5質量%であることがより好ましく、0.2~3質量%であることが更に好ましい。
本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物は、スルホンアミド構造を有する化合物及びチオウレア構造を有する化合物よりなる群から選ばれる化合物を、1種のみ含んでもよいし、2種以上を含んでもよい。1種のみ含む場合にはその化合物の含有量が、2種以上を含む場合にはその合計量が、上記の範囲となることが好ましい。
本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物は、更にマイグレーション抑制剤を含むことが好ましい。マイグレーション抑制剤を含むことにより、金属層(金属配線)由来の金属イオンが硬化性樹脂組成物層内へ移動することを効果的に抑制可能となる。
これらの中でも、本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物は、マイグレーション抑制剤として、5-メチルベンゾトリアゾール、3-アミノ-1,2,4-トリアゾール、3,5-ジアミノ-1,2,4-トリアゾール、及び、5-アミノ―1H-テトラゾールからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の化合物を更に含む態様も、本発明の好ましい態様の1つである
金属配線との密着性改良の観点からは、本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物は、マイグレーション抑制剤として、アミノ基を有する化合物を含むことが好ましく、複素環とアミノ基とを有する化合物を含むことがより好ましく、イミダゾール環、トリアゾール環、オキサゾール環、チアゾール環、ピラゾール環、イソオキサゾール環、イソチアゾール環、テトラゾール環、ピリジン環、ピリダジン環、ピリミジン環、ピラジン環、ピペリジン環、ピペラジン環およびトリアジン環からなる群より選択される1種以上の複素環とアミノ基とを有する化合物を含むことがさらに好ましく、アミノ基を有するアゾール系化合物を含むことが特に好ましく、アミノ基を有するトリアゾール系化合物またはアミノ基を有するテトラゾール系化合物を含むことが最も好ましい。
本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物は、重合禁止剤を含むことが好ましい。
本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物は、電極や配線などに用いられる金属材料との接着性を向上させるための金属接着性改良剤を含んでいることが好ましい。金属接着性改良剤としては、シランカップリング剤、アルミニウム系接着助剤、チタン系接着助剤、スルホンアミド構造を有する化合物及びチオウレア構造を有する化合物、リン酸誘導体化合物、βケトエステル化合物、アミノ化合物等などが挙げられる。
これらの中でも、本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物は、シランカップリング剤、アルミニウム系接着助剤、チタン系接着助剤、スルホンアミド構造を有する化合物及びチオウレア構造を有する化合物、リン酸誘導体化合物、β-ケトエステル化合物、アミノ化合物等を含むことが好ましい。
アルミニウム系接着助剤としては、例えば、アルミニウムトリス(エチルアセトアセテート)、アルミニウムトリス(アセチルアセトネート)、エチルアセトアセテートアルミニウムジイソプロピレート等を挙げることができる。
本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物は、電極や配線などに用いられる金属材料との接着性を向上させるための金属接着性改良剤を含んでいることが好ましい。金属接着性改良剤としては、特開2014-186186号公報の段落0046~0049に記載の化合物、特開2013-072935号公報の段落0032~0043に記載のスルフィド系化合物を用いることもできる。
本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物は、本発明の効果が得られる範囲で、必要に応じて、各種の添加物、例えば、増感剤、連鎖移動剤、界面活性剤、高級脂肪酸誘導体、無機粒子、硬化剤、硬化触媒、充填剤、酸化防止剤、紫外線吸収剤、凝集防止剤等を配合することができる。これらの添加剤を配合する場合、その合計配合量は硬化性樹脂組成物の固形分の3質量%以下とすることが好ましい。
本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物は、増感剤を含んでいてもよい。増感剤は、特定の活性放射線を吸収して電子励起状態となる。電子励起状態となった増感剤は、熱硬化促進剤、熱ラジカル重合開始剤、光ラジカル重合開始剤などと接触して、電子移動、エネルギー移動、発熱などの作用が生じる。これにより、熱硬化促進剤、熱ラジカル重合開始剤、光ラジカル重合開始剤は化学変化を起こして分解し、ラジカル、酸又は塩基を生成する。
例えば、エタノールアミン系、ベンゾフェノン系、ミヒラーズケトン系、クマリン系、ピラゾールアゾ系、アニリノアゾ系、トリフェニルメタン系、アントラキノン系、アントラセン系、アンスラピリドン系、ベンジリデン系、オキソノール系、ピラゾロトリアゾールアゾ系、ピリドンアゾ系、シアニン系、フェノチアジン系、ピロロピラゾールアゾメチン系、キサンテン系、フタロシアニン系、ペンゾピラン系、インジゴ系等の化合物を使用することができる。
増感剤としては、例えば、ミヒラーズケトン、4,4’-ビス(ジエチルアミノ)ベンゾフェノン、2,5-ビス(4’-ジエチルアミノベンザル)シクロペンタン、2,6-ビス(4’-ジエチルアミノベンザル)シクロヘキサノン、2,6-ビス(4’-ジエチルアミノベンザル)-4-メチルシクロヘキサノン、4,4’-ビス(ジメチルアミノ)カルコン、4,4’-ビス(ジエチルアミノ)カルコン、p-ジメチルアミノシンナミリデンインダノン、p-ジメチルアミノベンジリデンインダノン、2-(p-ジメチルアミノフェニルビフェニレン)-ベンゾチアゾール、2-(p-ジメチルアミノフェニルビニレン)ベンゾチアゾール、2-(p-ジメチルアミノフェニルビニレン)イソナフトチアゾール、1,3-ビス(4’-ジメチルアミノベンザル)アセトン、1,3-ビス(4’-ジエチルアミノベンザル)アセトン、3,3’-カルボニル-ビス(7-ジエチルアミノクマリン)、3-アセチル-7-ジメチルアミノクマリン、3-エトキシカルボニル-7-ジメチルアミノクマリン、3-ベンジロキシカルボニル-7-ジメチルアミノクマリン、3-メトキシカルボニル-7-ジエチルアミノクマリン、3-エトキシカルボニル-7-ジエチルアミノクマリン、N-フェニル-N’-エチルエタノールアミン、N-フェニルジエタノールアミン、N-p-トリルジエタノールアミン、N-フェニルエタノールアミン、4-モルホリノベンゾフェノン、ジメチルアミノ安息香酸イソアミル、ジエチルアミノ安息香酸イソアミル、2-メルカプトベンズイミダゾール、1-フェニル-5-メルカプトテトラゾール、2-メルカプトベンゾチアゾール、2-(p-ジメチルアミノスチリル)ベンズオキサゾール、2-(p-ジメチルアミノスチリル)ベンズチアゾール、2-(p-ジメチルアミノスチリル)ナフト(1,2-d)チアゾール、2-(p-ジメチルアミノベンゾイル)スチレン、ジフェニルアセトアミド、ベンズアニリド、N-メチルアセトアニリド、3‘,4’-ジメチルアセトアニリド等が挙げられる。
増感剤としては、増感色素を用いてもよい。
増感色素の詳細については、特開2016-027357号公報の段落0161~0163の記載を参酌でき、この内容は本明細書に組み込まれる。
本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物は、連鎖移動剤を含有してもよい。連鎖移動剤は、例えば高分子辞典第三版(高分子学会編、2005年)683-684頁に定義されている。連鎖移動剤としては、例えば、分子内に-S-S-、-SO2-S-、-N-O-、SH、PH、SiH、及びGeHを有する化合物群、RAFT(Reversible Addition Fragmentation chain Transfer)重合に用いられるチオカルボニルチオ基を有するジチオベンゾアート、トリチオカルボナート、ジチオカルバマート、キサンタート化合物等が用いられる。これらは、低活性のラジカルに水素を供与して、ラジカルを生成するか、若しくは、酸化された後、脱プロトンすることによりラジカルを生成しうる。特に、チオール化合物を好ましく用いることができる。
本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物には、塗布性をより向上させる観点から、各種類の界面活性剤を添加してもよい。界面活性剤としては、フッ素系界面活性剤、ノニオン系界面活性剤、カチオン系界面活性剤、アニオン系界面活性剤、シリコーン系界面活性剤などの各種類の界面活性剤を使用できる。また、下記界面活性剤も好ましい。下記式中、主鎖の繰返し単位を示す括弧は各繰返し単位の含有量(モル%)を、側鎖の繰返し単位を示す括弧は各繰返し単位の繰り返し数をそれぞれ表す。
また、界面活性剤は、国際公開第2015/199219号の段落0159~0165に記載の化合物を用いることもできる。
フッ素系界面活性剤は、エチレン性不飽和基を側鎖に有する含フッ素重合体をフッ素系界面活性剤として用いることもできる。具体例としては、特開2010-164965号公報の段落0050~0090および段落0289~0295に記載された化合物が挙げられ、この内容は本明細書に組み込まれる。また、市販品としては、例えばDIC(株)製のメガファックRS-101、RS-102、RS-718K等が挙げられる。
本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物は、酸素に起因する重合阻害を防止するために、ベヘン酸やベヘン酸アミドのような高級脂肪酸誘導体を添加して、塗布後の乾燥の過程で硬化性樹脂組成物の表面に偏在させてもよい。
本発明の樹脂組成物は、無機粒子を含んでもよい。無機粒子として、具体的には、炭酸カルシウム、リン酸カルシウム、シリカ、カオリン、タルク、二酸化チタン、アルミナ、硫酸バリウム、フッ化カルシウム、フッ化リチウム、ゼオライト、硫化モリブデン、ガラス等を含むことができる。
上記無機粒子の平均粒子径を多量に含有させることによって、上記硬化膜の機械特性が劣化することがある。また、上記無機粒子の平均粒子径が2.0μmを超えると、露光光の散乱によって解像度が低下することがある。
本発明の組成物は、紫外線吸収剤を含んでいてもよい。紫外線吸収剤としては、サリシレート系、ベンゾフェノン系、ベンゾトリアゾール系、置換アクリロニトリル系、トリアジン系などの紫外線吸収剤を使用することができる。
サリシレート系紫外線吸収剤の例としては、フェニルサリシレート、p-オクチルフェニルサリシレート、p-t-ブチルフェニルサリシレートなどが挙げられ、ベンゾフェノン系紫外線吸収剤の例としては、2,2’-ジヒドロキシ-4-メトキシベンゾフェノン、2,2’-ジヒドロキシ-4,4’-ジメトキシベンゾフェノン、2,2’,4,4’-テトラヒドロキシベンゾフェノン、2-ヒドロキシ-4-メトキシベンゾフェノン、2,4-ジヒドロキシベンゾフェノン、2-ヒドロキシ-4-オクトキシベンゾフェノンなどが挙げられる。また、ベンゾトリアゾール系紫外線吸収剤の例としては、2-(2’-ヒドロキシ-3’,5’-ジ-tert-ブチルフェニル)-5-クロロベンゾトリアゾール、2-(2’-ヒドロキシ-3’-tert-ブチル-5’-メチルフェニル)-5-クロロベンゾトリアゾール、2-(2’-ヒドロキシ-3’-tert-アミル-5’-イソブチルフェニル)-5-クロロベンゾトリアゾール、2-(2’-ヒドロキシ-3’-イソブチル-5’-メチルフェニル)-5-クロロベンゾトリアゾール、2-(2’-ヒドロキシ-3’-イソブチル-5’-プロピルフェニル)-5-クロロベンゾトリアゾール、2-(2’-ヒドロキシ-3’,5’-ジ-tert-ブチルフェニル)ベンゾトリアゾール、2-(2’-ヒドロキシ-5’-メチルフェニル)ベンゾトリアゾール、2-[2’-ヒドロキシ-5’-(1,1,3,3-テトラメチル)フェニル]ベンゾトリアゾールなどが挙げられる。
本発明の組成物は、紫外線吸収剤を含んでも含まなくてもよいが、含む場合、紫外線吸収剤の含有量は、本発明の組成物の全固形分質量に対して、0.001質量%以上1質量%以下であることが好ましく、0.01質量%以上0.1質量%以下であることがより好ましい。
本実施形態の樹脂組成物は、有機チタン化合物を含有してもよい。樹脂組成物が有機チタン化合物を含有することにより、低温で硬化した場合であっても耐薬品性に優れる樹脂層を形成できる。
有機チタン化合物の具体例を、以下のI)~VII)に示す:
I)チタンキレート化合物:中でも、ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物の保存安定性がよく、良好な硬化パターンが得られることから、アルコキシ基を2個以上有するチタンキレート化合物がより好ましい。具体的な例は、チタニウムビス(トリエタノールアミン)ジイソプロポキサイド、チタニウムジ(n-ブトキサイド)ビス(2,4-ペンタンジオネート、チタニウムジイソプロポキサイドビス(2,4-ペンタンジオネート)、チタニウムジイソプロポキサイドビス(テトラメチルヘプタンジオネート)、チタニウムジイソプロポキサイドビス(エチルアセトアセテート)等である。
II)テトラアルコキシチタン化合物:例えば、チタニウムテトラ(n-ブトキサイド)、チタニウムテトラエトキサイド、チタニウムテトラ(2-エチルヘキソキサイド)、チタニウムテトライソブトキサイド、チタニウムテトライソプロポキサイド、チタニウムテトラメトキサイド、チタニウムテトラメトキシプロポキサイド、チタニウムテトラメチルフェノキサイド、チタニウムテトラ(n-ノニロキサイド)、チタニウムテトラ(n-プロポキサイド)、チタニウムテトラステアリロキサイド、チタニウムテトラキス[ビス{2,2-(アリロキシメチル)ブトキサイド}]等である。
III)チタノセン化合物:例えば、ペンタメチルシクロペンタジエニルチタニウムトリメトキサイド、ビス(η5-2,4-シクロペンタジエン-1-イル)ビス(2,6-ジフルオロフェニル)チタニウム、ビス(η5-2,4-シクロペンタジエン-1-イル)ビス(2,6-ジフルオロ-3-(1H-ピロール-1-イル)フェニル)チタニウム等である。
IV)モノアルコキシチタン化合物:例えば、チタニウムトリス(ジオクチルホスフェート)イソプロポキサイド、チタニウムトリス(ドデシルベンゼンスルホネート)イソプロポキサイド等である。
V)チタニウムオキサイド化合物:例えば、チタニウムオキサイドビス(ペンタンジオネート)、チタニウムオキサイドビス(テトラメチルヘプタンジオネート)、フタロシアニンチタニウムオキサイド等である。
VI)チタニウムテトラアセチルアセトネート化合物:例えば、チタニウムテトラアセチルアセトネート等である。
VII)チタネートカップリング剤:例えば、イソプロピルトリドデシルベンゼンスルホニルチタネート等である。
本発明の組成物は、酸化防止剤を含んでいてもよい。添加剤として酸化防止剤を含有することで、硬化後の膜の伸度特性や、金属材料との密着性を向上させることができる。酸化防止剤としては、フェノール化合物、亜リン酸エステル化合物、チオエーテル化合物などが挙げられる。フェノール化合物としては、フェノール系酸化防止剤として知られる任意のフェノール化合物を使用することができる。好ましいフェノール化合物としては、ヒンダードフェノール化合物が挙げられる。フェノール性ヒドロキシ基に隣接する部位(オルト位)に置換基を有する化合物が好ましい。前述の置換基としては炭素数1~22の置換又は無置換のアルキル基が好ましい。また、酸化防止剤は、同一分子内にフェノール基と亜リン酸エステル基を有する化合物も好ましい。また、酸化防止剤は、リン系酸化防止剤も好適に使用することができる。リン系酸化防止剤としてはトリス[2-[[2,4,8,10-テトラキス(1,1-ジメチルエチル)ジベンゾ[d,f][1,3,2]ジオキサホスフェピン-6-イル]オキシ]エチル]アミン、トリス[2-[(4,6,9,11-テトラ-tert-ブチルジベンゾ[d,f][1,3,2]ジオキサホスフェピン-2-イル)オキシ]エチル]アミン、亜リン酸エチルビス(2,4-ジ-tert-ブチル-6-メチルフェニル)などが挙げられる。酸化防止剤の市販品としては、例えば、アデカスタブ AO-20、アデカスタブ AO-30、アデカスタブ AO-40、アデカスタブ AO-50、アデカスタブ AO-50F、アデカスタブ AO-60、アデカスタブ AO-60G、アデカスタブ AO-80、アデカスタブ AO-330(以上、(株)ADEKA製)などが挙げられる。また、酸化防止剤は、特許第6268967号公報の段落番号0023~0048に記載された化合物を使用することもできる。また、本発明の組成物は、必要に応じて、潜在酸化防止剤を含有してもよい。潜在酸化防止剤としては、酸化防止剤として機能する部位が保護基で保護された化合物であって、100~250℃で加熱するか、又は酸/塩基触媒存在下で80~200℃で加熱することにより保護基が脱離して酸化防止剤として機能する化合物が挙げられる。潜在酸化防止剤としては、国際公開第2014/021023号、国際公開第2017/030005号、特開2017-008219号公報に記載された化合物が挙げられる。潜在酸化防止剤の市販品としては、アデカアークルズGPA-5001((株)ADEKA製)等が挙げられる。好ましい酸化防止剤の例としては、2,2-チオビス(4-メチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)、2,6-ジ-t-ブチルフェノールおよび一般式(3)で表される化合物が挙げられる。
本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物の水分含有量は、塗布面性状の観点から、5質量%未満が好ましく、1質量%未満がより好ましく、0.6質量%未満が更に好ましい。水分の含有量を維持する方法としては、保管条件における湿度の調整、収容容器の空隙率低減などが挙げられる。
ハロゲン原子の含有量を調節する方法としては、イオン交換処理などが好ましく挙げられる。
本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物は、再配線層用層間絶縁膜の形成に用いられることが好ましい。
また、その他、半導体デバイスの絶縁膜の形成、又は、ストレスバッファ膜の形成等にも用いることができる。
本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物は、このような保管後においても膜厚均一性に優れた樹脂膜が得られると推測される。
上記収容容器としては、上述の収容容器があげられる。
上記冷蔵温度は、1~12℃が好ましく、3~10℃がより好ましい。
上記冷蔵に供される時間(複数回の冷蔵に供される場合、複数回の冷蔵の合計時間)は、1時間~100日間であることが好ましく、12時間~30日間であることがより好ましい。
上記保管は、遮光条件下で行われることが好ましい。
上記充填率は、上記収容容器の全収容容積に対する硬化性樹脂組成物の全体積として算出され、50~99%であることが好ましく、70~90%であることがより好ましい。
本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物は、上記各成分を混合して調製することができる。混合方法は特に限定はなく、従来公知の方法で行うことができる。
フィルターを用いたろ過の他、吸着材を用いた不純物の除去処理を行ってもよい。フィルターろ過と吸着材を用いた不純物除去処理とを組み合わせてもよい。吸着材としては、公知の吸着材を用いることができる。例えば、シリカゲル、ゼオライトなどの無機系吸着材、活性炭などの有機系吸着材が挙げられる。
次に、樹脂膜、硬化膜、積層体、半導体デバイス、及びそれらの製造方法について説明する。
適用方法及び基材の種類としては、特に限定されないが、後述の膜形成工程における適用方法及び基材が好ましく挙げられる。
樹脂膜の膜厚としては、後述の硬化膜の膜厚を後述の範囲とする膜厚とすることができる。例えば、樹脂膜の膜厚は、硬化による収縮等を考慮して決定すればよい。
本発明の硬化膜の製造方法は、上記膜形成工程、並びに、上記膜を露光する露光工程及び上記膜を現像する現像工程を含むことが好ましい。
また、本発明の硬化膜の製造方法は、上記膜形成工程、及び、必要に応じて上記現像工程を含み、かつ、上記膜を50~450℃で加熱する加熱工程を含むことがより好ましい。
具体的には、以下の(a)~(d)の工程を含むことも好ましい。
(a)硬化性樹脂組成物を基材に適用して膜(硬化性樹脂組成物層)を形成する膜形成工程
(b)膜形成工程の後、膜を露光する露光工程
(c)露光された上記膜を現像する現像工程
(d)現像された上記膜を50~450℃で加熱する加熱工程
上記加熱工程において加熱することにより、露光で硬化した樹脂層を更に硬化させることができる。この加熱工程で、例えば上述の熱塩基発生剤が分解し、十分な硬化性が得られる。
本発明の好ましい実施形態に係る製造方法は、硬化性樹脂組成物を基材に適用して膜(層状)にする、膜形成工程(層形成工程)を含む。
膜形成工程によれば、本発明の樹脂膜が得られる。
また、これらの基材にはヘキサメチルジシラザン(HMDS)等による密着層や酸化層などの層が表面に設けられていてもよい。
また、基材としては、例えば板状の基材(基板)が用いられる。
基材の形状は特に限定されず、円形状であっても矩形状であってもよいが、矩形状であることが好ましい。
基材のサイズとしては、円形状であれば、例えば直径が100~450mmであり、好ましくは200~450mmである。矩形状であれば、例えば短辺の長さが100~1000mmであり、好ましくは200~700mmである。
また、あらかじめ仮支持体上に上記付与方法によって付与して形成した塗膜を、基材上に転写する方法を適用することもできる。また膜厚の均一性を得るために、複数の回転数を組み合わせて塗布することもできる。
転写方法に関しては特開2006-023696号公報の段落0023、0036~0051や、特開2006-047592号公報の段落0096~0108に記載の作製方法を本発明においても好適に用いることができる。
また、基材の端部において余分な膜の除去を行なう工程を行なってもよい。このような工程の例には、エッジビードリンス(EBR)、エアナイフ、バックリンスなどが挙げられる。
また樹脂組成物を基材に塗布する前に基材を種々の溶剤を塗布し、基材の濡れ性を向上させた後に樹脂組成物を塗布するプリウェット工程を採用しても良い。
本発明の製造方法は、上記膜(硬化性樹脂組成物層)を形成後、膜形成工程(層形成工程)の後に、溶剤を除去するために乾燥する工程を含んでいてもよい。好ましい乾燥温度は50~150℃で、70℃~130℃がより好ましく、90℃~110℃が更に好ましい。乾燥時間としては、30秒~20分が例示され、1分~10分が好ましく、3分~7分がより好ましい。硬化性樹脂組成物溶液の溶剤量が多い場合、真空乾燥と加熱乾燥を組み合わせることもできる。加熱乾燥はホットプレート、熱風式オーブン等が用いられ、特に制限されない。
本発明の製造方法は、上記膜(硬化性樹脂組成物層)を露光する露光工程を含んでもよい。露光量は、硬化性樹脂組成物を硬化できる限り特に定めるものではないが、例えば、波長365nmでの露光エネルギー換算で100~10,000mJ/cm2照射することが好ましく、200~8,000mJ/cm2照射することがより好ましい。
また、露光の方式は特に限定されず、本発明の樹脂組成物からなる膜の少なくとも一部が露光される方式であればよいが、フォトマスクを使用した露光、レーザーダイレクトイメージング法による露光等が挙げられる。
本発明の製造方法は、露光された膜(硬化性樹脂組成物層)に対して、現像を行う(上記膜を現像する)現像工程を含んでもよい。現像を行うことにより、例えばネガ型の硬化性樹脂組成物の場合、露光されていない部分(非露光部)が除去される。現像方法は、所望のパターンを形成できれば特に制限は無く、例えばノズルからの現像液の吐出、スプレー噴霧、基材の現像液浸漬などが挙げられ、ノズルからの吐出が好ましく利用される。現像工程には、現像液が連続的に基材に供給され続ける工程、基材上で現像液が略静止状態で保たれる工程、現像液を超音波等で振動させる工程およびそれらを組み合わせた工程などが採用可能である。
現像液としては、有機溶剤を含む現像液、又は、アルカリ水溶液を用いることができる。
また現像液中には界面活性剤を含んでいてもよい。
現像液の供給方法は、所望のパターンを形成できれば特に制限は無く、膜が形成された基材を現像液に浸漬する方法、基材上に形成された膜にノズルを用いて現像液を供給するパドル現像、または、現像液を連続供給する方法がある。ノズルの種類は特に制限は無く、ストレートノズル、シャワーノズル、スプレーノズル等が挙げられる。
現像液の浸透性、非画像部の除去性、製造上の効率の観点から、現像液をストレートノズルで供給する方法、又はスプレーノズルにて連続供給する方法が好ましく、画像部への現像液の浸透性の観点からは、スプレーノズルで供給する方法がより好ましい。
また、現像液をストレートノズルにて連続供給後、基材をスピンし現像液を基材上から除去し、スピン乾燥後に再度ストレートノズルにて連続供給後、基材をスピンし現像液を基材上から除去する工程を採用してもよく、この工程を複数回繰り返しても良い。
また現像工程における現像液の供給方法としては、現像液が連続的に基材に供給され続ける工程、基材上で現像液が略静止状態で保たれる工程、基材上で現像液を超音波等で振動させる工程及びそれらを組み合わせた工程などが採用可能である。
他の成分としては、例えば、公知の界面活性剤や公知の消泡剤等が挙げられる。
リンス液の供給方法は、所望のパターンを形成できれば特に制限は無く、基材をリンス液に浸漬する方法、基材上でのパドルによる供給、基材にリンス液をシャワーで供給する方法、基材上にストレートノズル等の手段によりリンス液を連続供給する方法がある。
リンス液の浸透性、非画像部の除去性、製造上の効率の観点から、リンス液をシャワーノズル、ストレートノズル、スプレーノズルなどで供給する方法があり、スプレーノズルにて連続供給する方法が好ましく、画像部へのリンス液の浸透性の観点からは、スプレーノズルで供給する方法がより好ましい。ノズルの種類は特に制限は無く、ストレートノズル、シャワーノズル、スプレーノズル等が挙げられる。
すなわち、リンス工程は、リンス液を上記露光後の膜に対してストレートノズルにより供給、又は、連続供給する工程であることが好ましく、リンス液をスプレーノズルにより供給する工程であることがより好ましい。
またリンス工程におけるリンス液の供給方法としては、リンス液が連続的に基材に供給され続ける工程、基材上でリンス液が略静止状態で保たれる工程、基材上でリンス液を超音波等で振動させる工程及びそれらを組み合わせた工程などが採用可能である。
現像液が有機溶剤を含む現像液である場合、リンス液としては、PGMEA(プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート)、IPA(イソプロパノール)などが挙げられ、好ましくはPGMEAである。また、アルカリ水溶液を含む現像液による現像に対するリンス液としては、水が好ましい。
リンス時間は、5秒~1分が好ましい。
本発明の製造方法は、現像された上記膜を50~450℃で加熱する工程(加熱工程)を含むことが好ましい。
加熱工程は、膜形成工程(層形成工程)、乾燥工程、及び現像工程の後に含まれることが好ましい。加熱工程では、例えば上述の熱塩基発生剤が分解することにより塩基が発生し、特定樹脂である前駆体の環化反応が進行する。また、本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物は特定樹脂である前駆体以外のラジカル重合性化合物を含んでいてもよいが、未反応の特定樹脂である前駆体以外のラジカル重合性化合物の硬化などもこの工程で進行させることができる。加熱工程における層の加熱温度(最高加熱温度)としては、50℃以上であることが好ましく、80℃以上であることがより好ましく、140℃以上であることが更に好ましく、150℃以上であることが一層好ましく、160℃以上であることがより一層好ましく、170℃以上であることが更に一層好ましい。上限としては、500℃以下であることが好ましく、450℃以下であることがより好ましく、350℃以下であることが更に好ましく、250℃以下であることが一層好ましく、220℃以下であることがより一層好ましい。
加熱手段としては、特に限定されないが、例えばホットプレート、赤外炉、電熱式オーブン、熱風式オーブンなどが挙げられる。
本発明の製造方法は、現像後の膜(硬化性樹脂組成物層)の表面に金属層を形成する金属層形成工程を含むことが好ましい。
本発明の製造方法は、更に、積層工程を含むことが好ましい。
また、積層工程における各層は、組成、形状、膜厚等が同一の層であってもよいし、異なる層であってもよい。
本発明の積層体の製造方法は、上記金属層および樹脂組成物層の少なくとも一部を表面活性化処理する、表面活性化処理工程を含むことが好ましい。
表面活性化処理工程は、通常、金属層形成工程の後に行うが、上記現像工程の後、樹脂組成物層に表面活性化処理工程を行ってから、金属層形成工程を行ってもよい。
表面活性化処理は、金属層の少なくとも一部のみに行ってもよいし、露光後の樹脂組成物層の少なくとも一部のみに行ってもよいし、金属層および露光後の樹脂組成物層の両方について、それぞれ、少なくとも一部に行ってもよい。表面活性化処理は、金属層の少なくとも一部について行うことが好ましく、金属層のうち、表面に樹脂組成物層を形成する領域の一部または全部に表面活性化処理を行うことが好ましい。このように、金属層の表面に表面活性化処理を行うことにより、その表面に設けられる樹脂組成物層(膜)との密着性を向上させることができる。
また、表面活性化処理は、露光後の樹脂組成物層(樹脂層)の一部または全部についても行うことが好ましい。このように、樹脂組成物層の表面に表面活性化処理を行うことにより、表面活性化処理した表面に設けられる金属層や樹脂層との密着性を向上させることができる。特にネガ型現像を行う場合など、樹脂組成物層が硬化されている場合には、表面処理によるダメージを受けにくく、密着性が向上しやすい。
表面活性化処理としては、具体的には、各種原料ガス(酸素、水素、アルゴン、窒素、窒素/水素混合ガス、アルゴン/酸素混合ガスなど)のプラズマ処理、コロナ放電処理、CF4/O2、NF3/O2、SF6、NF3、NF3/O2によるエッチング処理、紫外線(UV)オゾン法による表面処理、塩酸水溶液に浸漬して酸化皮膜を除去した後にアミノ基とチオール基を少なくとも一種有する化合物を含む有機表面処理剤への浸漬処理、ブラシを用いた機械的な粗面化処理から選択され、プラズマ処理が好ましく、特に原料ガスに酸素を用いた酸素プラズマ処理が好ましい。コロナ放電処理の場合、エネルギーは、500~200,000J/m2が好ましく、1000~100,000J/m2がより好ましく、10,000~50,000J/m2が最も好ましい。
各実施例において、それぞれ、下記表1~表7に記載の成分を混合し、各硬化性樹脂組成物を得た。また、各比較例において、それぞれ、下記表2に記載の成分を混合し、各比較用組成物を得た。
具体的には、表1~表7に記載の溶剤以外の成分の含有量は、表1~表7の各欄に記載の量(質量部)とした。また、各組成物において、溶剤の総含有量は、組成物の固形分濃度(質量%)が表1~表7に記載の値となるようにし、各溶剤の含有比は、表1~表7の各欄に記載の数値による質量比となるようにした。
得られた硬化性樹脂組成物及び比較用組成物を、細孔の幅が0.8μmのポリテトラフルオロエチレン製フィルターを通して加圧ろ過した。
また、表1~表7中、「-」の記載は該当する成分を組成物が含有していないことを示している。
撹拌機、コンデンサー及び内部温度計を取りつけた平底ジョイントを備えた乾燥反応器中で水分を除去しながら、4,4’-ビフタル酸無水物 9.49g(32.25ミリモル)、オキシジフタル酸二無水物 10.0g(32.25ミリモル)をジグリム 140mL中に懸濁させた。2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート 16.8g(129ミリモル)、ヒドロキノン 0.05g、純水 0.05g及びピリジン 10.7g(135ミリモル)を続いて添加し、60℃の温度で18時間撹拌した。次いで、混合物を-20℃まで冷却した後、塩化チオニル 16.1g(135.5ミリモル)を90分かけて滴下した。ピリジニウムヒドロクロリドの白色沈澱が得られた。次いで、混合物を室温(23℃)まで温め、2時間撹拌した後、ピリジン 9.7g(123ミリモル)及びN-メチルピロリドン(NMP) 25mLを添加し、透明溶液を得た。次いで、得られた透明溶液に、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル 11.8g(58.7ミリモル)をNMP 100mL中に溶解させたものを、1時間かけて滴下により添加した。次いで、メタノール 5.6g(17.5ミリモル)と3,5-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシトルエン 0.05gを加え、混合物を2時間撹拌した。次いで、4リットルの水の中でポリイミド前駆体樹脂を沈殿させ、水-ポリイミド前駆体樹脂混合物を500rpmの速度で15分間撹拌した。ポリイミド前駆体樹脂を濾過して取得し、4リットルの水の中で再度30分間撹拌し再び濾過した。次いで、得られたポリイミド前駆体樹脂を減圧下、45℃で3日間乾燥し、ポリイミド前駆体をA-101得た。
温度計、撹拌器、窒素導入管を備えた3つ口フラスコに、73.25g(0.200mol)のヘキサフルオロ-2,2-ビス(3-アミノ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン(Bis-AP-AF、セントラル硝子(株)製)、31.64g(0.400mol)のピリジンおよび293gのNMPを添加した。これを室温(23℃)で撹拌、次いでドライアイス/メタノールバスで-15℃まで冷却した。この溶液に、反応温度を-5℃~-15℃で維持しながら、30.11g(0.144mol)の1,4-シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸ジクロリドの30質量%NMP溶液と、3.83g(0.016mol)のセバコイルクロリド(東京化成工業(株)製)、96.25gのNMPの混合溶液を滴下した。滴下が完了した後、得られた混合物を室温で16時間撹拌した。
次に、この反応液を氷/メタノールバスで-5℃以下まで冷却し、反応温度を-0℃以下で維持しながらブチリルクロリド(東京化成工業(株)製)9.59g(0.090mol)と34.5gのNMPの混合液を滴下した。滴下が完了した後、さらに16時間撹拌した。
この反応液をNMP550gで希釈し、激しく撹拌した4Lの脱イオン水/メタノール(80/20体積比)混合物中に投入し、析出した白色粉体を濾過によって回収し、そして脱イオン水によって洗浄した。真空下でポリマーを50℃で2日間乾燥させ、樹脂A-1aを得た。
500mLナスフラスコに25.00gの樹脂A-1a、125gのNMPと125gのメチルエチルケトンを添加し、60℃で内容物が160gになるまで減圧濃縮した。ここに、0.43g(1.85mmol)のカンファースルホン酸(東京化成工業(株)製)と、5.12g(0.065mol)の2,3-ジヒドロフラン(和光純薬工業(株)製)を添加し、室温(23℃)で1.5時間撹拌した。得られた溶液にトリエチルアミン0.37gとNMP150gを加えて希釈した。
得られた溶液を激しく撹拌した2Lの脱イオン水/メタノール(80/20体積比)混合物中に投入し、析出した白色粉体を濾過によって回収し、そして脱イオン水によって洗浄した。真空下でポリマーを50℃において2日間乾燥させ、ポリベンゾオキサゾール(PBO)前駆体A-201を得た。
・F-1:下記構造の化合物
・F-2:5-アミノ―1H-テトラゾール
・F-3:3-アミノ-1,2,4-トリアゾール
・F-4:3,5-ジアミノ-1,2,4-トリアゾール
・F-5:アデニン
・NMP:N-メチル-2-ピロリドン
・DMSO:ジメチルスルホキシド
・EL:乳酸エチル
・GBL:γ-ブチロラクトン
・Cyptn:シクロペンタノン
・EA:3-ブトキシ-N,N-ジメチルプロピオンアミド
・PGMEA:プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート
〔調製直後の組成物による膜厚均一性の評価〕
各実施例又は比較例において、それぞれ、調製直後の各硬化性樹脂組成物又は比較用組成物を、直径8インチの円形状のシリコンウェハ上にスピンコート法により層状に適用(塗布)した。
上記塗布後のシリコンウェハをホットプレート上で、100℃で4分間乾燥し、シリコンウェハ上に膜厚19μmの樹脂膜を形成した。膜厚は、面内10か所における膜厚の算術平均値とした。
シリコンウェハの直径上の上記樹脂膜において、上記樹脂膜の両端を含む等間隔の計10点で上記樹脂膜の膜厚を測定し、上記10点の測定値の最大値と最小値の差を面内最大膜厚差(μm)とした。
下記評価基準に従って、調製直後の組成物の膜厚均一性を評価した。評価結果は表1~表7の「膜厚均一性(調製直後)」の欄に記載した。上記面内最大膜厚差(μm)が小さいほど、樹脂膜は膜厚均一性に優れるといえる。
10:上記面内最大膜厚差(μm)が0.5μm以下であった。
9:上記面内最大膜厚差(μm)が0.5μmを超え、0.6μm以下であった。
8:上記面内最大膜厚差(μm)が0.6μmを超え、0.7μm以下であった。
7:上記面内最大膜厚差(μm)が0.7μmを超え、0.8μm以下であった。
6:上記面内最大膜厚差(μm)が0.8μmを超え、0.9μm以下であった。
5:上記面内最大膜厚差(μm)が0.9μmを超え、1.0μm以下であった。
4:上記面内最大膜厚差(μm)が1.0μmを超え、1.1μm以下であった。
3:上記面内最大膜厚差(μm)が1.1μmを超え、1.2μm以下であった。
2:上記面内最大膜厚差(μm)が1.2μmを超え、1.3μm以下であった。
1:上記面内最大膜厚差(μm)が1.3μmを超えた。
各実施例又は比較例において、それぞれ、調製直後の各硬化性樹脂組成物又は比較用組成物を収容容器に入れて密閉し、7℃、遮光の条件下での保管と23℃、遮光の条件下での保管とを24時間ごとに繰り返して、6か月間保管した。収容容器の全収容容積に対する硬化性樹脂組成物の充填率は、90%とした。
上記保管後、各実施例又は比較例において、それぞれ、各硬化性樹脂組成物又は比較用組成物を室温(23℃)に戻してから、直径8インチの円形状のシリコンウェハ上にスピンコート法により層状に適用(塗布)し、ホットプレート上で100℃で4分間乾燥して樹脂膜を形成した。スピンコート法におけるコート条件及び用いられる組成物の量は、調製直後における膜厚均一性におけるスピンコート法におけるコート条件及び組成物の量と同様にした。
その後、上述の調製直後の組成物による膜厚均一性の評価と同様に、面内最大膜厚差(μm)を算出し、調製直後の組成物による膜厚均一性の評価における評価基準と同様の評価基準により、調製6か月後の組成物の膜厚均一性を評価した。評価結果は表1~表7の「膜厚均一性(調製6か月後)」の欄に記載した。上記面内最大膜厚差(μm)が小さいほど、樹脂膜は膜厚均一性に優れるといえる。
各実施例又は比較例において、それぞれ、上記調製直後の組成物による膜厚均一性の評価と同様の方法により、直径8インチの円形状のシリコンウェハ上に樹脂膜を形成した。
その後、樹脂膜に対し、5μm~25μmまで1μm刻みのヒューズボックスを含むマスクを介して露光を行った。
上記露光はステッパー(Nikon NSR2005 i9C)を用いてi線で行い、波長365nmにおける露光量は200~400mJ/cm2で露光量を変化させたときに、後述の最小線幅が最も小さくなる露光量を採用した。
上記露光後、樹脂膜に対して現像液として30℃のシクロペンタノンを用いた現像を行い、PGMEA(プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート)によるリンスを行った。
上記リンス後のパターンを光学顕微鏡により観察し、5μm~25μmまで1μm刻みの線幅のうち、ヒューズボックスの底部においてシリコンウエハが露出している最小の線幅の算術平均値を「最小線幅」として、下記評価基準に従って評価した。評価結果は表1~表7の「解像性(調製直後)」の欄に記載した。上記最小線幅が小さいほど、解像性(リソ性)に優れるといえる。
-評価基準-
10:上記最小線幅が7μm以下であった。
9:上記最小線幅が7μmを超え、8μm以下であった。
8:上記最小線幅が8μmを超え、9μm以下であった。
7:上記最小線幅が9μmを超え、11μm以下であった。
6:上記最小線幅が11μmを超え、13μm以下であった。
5:上記最小線幅が13μmを超え、16μm以下であった。
4:上記最小線幅が16μmを超え、19μm以下であった。
3:上記最小線幅が19μmを超え、22μm以下であった。
2:上記最小線幅が22μmを超え、24μm以下であった。
1:上記最小線幅が24μmを超えた。
各実施例又は比較例において、それぞれ、上述の「調製から6か月後の組成物による膜厚均一性の評価」の記載と同様の方法により、調製直後の各硬化性樹脂組成物又は比較用組成物を6か月間保管した。
上記保管後、各実施例又は比較例において、それぞれ、各硬化性樹脂組成物又は比較用組成物を室温(23℃)に戻してから、上述の「調製直後の組成物による解像性評価」と同様の評価方法及び評価基準により評価を行った。評価結果は表1~表7の「解像性(調製6か月後)」の欄に記載した。
各実施例又は比較例において、上記調製直後の組成物による膜厚均一性の評価と同様の方法により、直径8インチの円形状のシリコンウェハ上に樹脂膜を形成した。
シリコンウェハ上の樹脂膜に対し、ステッパー(Nikon NSR 2005 i9C)を用いて、200mJ/cm2の露光エネルギーで全面露光した。
上記全面露光後の樹脂膜を、窒素雰囲気下で、10℃/分の昇温速度で昇温し、200℃で120分間加熱して、硬化膜を得た。
得られた硬化膜を下記の薬液に下記の評価条件に従って浸漬して評価した。
薬液:設定温度75℃
薬液の組成は以下のものを使用した
ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO) 70質量%
テトラメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド(TMAH) 2.5質量%
3-methoxy-3-methyl-1-butanol 10質量%
水 残部
評価条件:上記薬液中に上記硬化膜を15分間浸漬し、水で洗浄した後に浸漬前後の膜厚を比較して、下記式により残膜率(%)を算出した。
残膜率(%)=浸漬後の硬化膜の膜厚(μm)/浸漬前の硬化膜の膜厚(μm)×100
評価は下記評価基準に従って行い、評価結果は表1~表7の「耐薬品性(調製直後)」の欄に記載した。上記残膜率(%)が大きいほど、耐薬品性に優れるといえる。
-評価基準-
10:上記残膜率(%)が90.0%以上であった。
9:上記残膜率(%)が89.0%以上90.0%未満であった。
8:上記残膜率(%)が88.0%以上89.0%未満であった。
7:上記残膜率(%)が87.0%以上88.0%未満であった。
6:上記残膜率(%)が86.0%以上87.0%未満であった。
5:上記残膜率(%)が85.0%以上86.0%未満であった。
4:上記残膜率(%)が84.0%以上85.0%未満であった。
3:上記残膜率(%)が83.0%以上84.0%未満であった。
2:上記残膜率(%)が82.0%以上83.0%未満であった。
1:上記残膜率(%)が82.0%未満であった。
各実施例又は比較例において、それぞれ、上述の「調製から6か月後の組成物による膜厚均一性の評価」の記載と同様の方法により、調製直後の各硬化性樹脂組成物又は比較用組成物を6か月間保管した。
上記保管後、各実施例又は比較例において、それぞれ、各硬化性樹脂組成物又は比較用組成物を室温(23℃)に戻してから、上述の「調製直後の組成物による耐薬品性評価」と同様の方法及び評価基準により評価を行った。評価結果は表1~表7の「耐薬品性(調製6か月後)」の欄に記載した。
各実施例又は比較例において、下記式により評価点を算出し、下記評価基準に従って総合評価を行った。評価点は表1~表7の「総合評価(調製6か月後)」の欄に記載した。評価点が大きいほど、実際の使用に適した溶剤であるといえる。上記重み付けは、最終的に永久膜としたときの、膜の物理特性に影響する項目について、過去の同様の系での知見を勘案した結果、導出されたものである。
評価点=(調製から6か月後の組成物による膜厚均一性の評価結果×3+調製から6か月後の組成物による解像性の評価結果×2+調製から6か月後の組成物による耐薬品性の評価結果)/6
比較例1に係る比較用組成物は、1種類のみの溶剤を含有する。この比較例1に係る比較用組成物は、6か月の保管後において、得られる樹脂膜の膜厚均一性に劣ることがわかる。
実施例1において使用した硬化性樹脂組成物を、表面に銅薄層が形成された樹脂基材の銅薄層の表面にスピンコート法により層状に適用して、100℃で4分間乾燥し、膜厚20μmの硬化性樹脂組成物層を形成した後、ステッパー((株)ニコン製、NSR1505 i6)を用いて露光した。露光はマスク(パターンが1:1ラインアンドスペースであり、線幅が10μmであるバイナリマスク)を介して、波長365nmで行った。露光後、100℃で4分間加熱した。上記加熱後、シクロヘキサノンで2分間現像し、PGMEAでで30秒間リンスし、層のパターンを得た。
次いで、窒素雰囲気下で、10℃/分の昇温速度で昇温し、200℃に達した後、200℃で120分間維持して、再配線層用層間絶縁膜を形成した。この再配線層用層間絶縁膜は、絶縁性に優れていた。
また、これらの再配線層用層間絶縁膜を使用して半導体デバイスを製造したところ、問題なく動作することを確認した。
Claims (17)
- ポリイミド、ポリイミド前駆体、ポリベンゾオキサゾール、及び、ポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体よりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも一種の樹脂、並びに、
少なくとも2種の溶剤を含む
硬化性樹脂組成物。 - イミダゾール環、トリアゾール環、オキサゾール環、チアゾール環、ピラゾール環、イソオキサゾール環、イソチアゾール環、テトラゾール環、ピリジン環、ピリダジン環、ピリミジン環、ピラジン環、ピペリジン環、ピペラジン環およびトリアジン環からなる群より選択される1種以上の複素環とアミノ基とを有する化合物であるマイグレーション抑制剤を更に含む、請求項1に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 5-メチルベンゾトリアゾール、3-アミノ-1,2,4-トリアゾール、3,5-ジアミノ-1,2,4-トリアゾール、及び、5-アミノ―1H-テトラゾールからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の化合物であるマイグレーション抑制剤を更に含む、請求項1又は2に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 前記溶剤がジメチルスルホキシド及び乳酸エチルを含み、前記溶剤の全質量に対する乳酸エチルの含有量が40質量%以上であり、前記溶剤の全質量に対するγ-ブチロラクトンの含有量が40質量%以下である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 前記溶剤が、含窒素複素環構造を有する溶剤を含む、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 前記溶剤が、エーテル結合を有する溶剤を含む、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 前記溶剤において、2番目に含有量が多い溶剤の含有量が、溶剤の全質量に対して20質量%以上である、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
- シランカップリング剤を更に含む、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 収容容器内で-15~16℃の冷蔵に少なくとも1回供される保管に用いられ、前記冷蔵時の前記収容容器の全収容容積に対する硬化性樹脂組成物の充填率が、50~90%である、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 再配線層用層間絶縁膜の形成に用いられる、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物を基材に適用してなる樹脂膜。
- 請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物、又は、請求項11に記載の樹脂膜を硬化してなる硬化膜。
- 請求項12に記載の硬化膜を2層以上含み、前記硬化膜同士のいずれかの間に金属層を含む積層体。
- 請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物を基板に適用して膜を形成する膜形成工程を含む、硬化膜の製造方法。
- 前記膜を露光する露光工程及び前記膜を現像する現像工程を含む、請求項14に記載の硬化膜の製造方法。
- 前記膜を、50~450℃で加熱する加熱工程を含む、請求項14又は15に記載の硬化膜の製造方法。
- 請求項12に記載の硬化膜又は請求項13に記載の積層体を含む、半導体デバイス。
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| WO2025018327A1 (ja) * | 2023-07-18 | 2025-01-23 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 樹脂組成物、硬化物、積層体、硬化物の製造方法、積層体の製造方法、半導体デバイスの製造方法、及び、半導体デバイス |
| WO2025094400A1 (ja) * | 2023-11-02 | 2025-05-08 | Hdマイクロシステムズ株式会社 | 樹脂組成物、硬化物、硬化物の製造方法、及び電子部品 |
| KR20250110350A (ko) | 2023-04-20 | 2025-07-18 | 아사히 가세이 가부시키가이샤 | 네거티브형 감광성 수지 조성물, 그리고 이것을 사용한 경화 릴리프 패턴의 제조 방법 및 경화막 |
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| CN116520640A (zh) * | 2023-06-13 | 2023-08-01 | 广东粤港澳大湾区黄埔材料研究院 | 光刻胶、光刻胶固化膜和光刻胶的图案化方法 |
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| KR20220123540A (ko) | 2022-09-07 |
| KR102871890B1 (ko) | 2025-10-17 |
| TWI878445B (zh) | 2025-04-01 |
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