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WO2020136291A1 - Installation de transformation de résidus organiques et procédé associé - Google Patents

Installation de transformation de résidus organiques et procédé associé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020136291A1
WO2020136291A1 PCT/ES2019/070846 ES2019070846W WO2020136291A1 WO 2020136291 A1 WO2020136291 A1 WO 2020136291A1 ES 2019070846 W ES2019070846 W ES 2019070846W WO 2020136291 A1 WO2020136291 A1 WO 2020136291A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reactor
subset
organic waste
valves
stage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/ES2019/070846
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English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Josep Grau Almirall
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO2020136291A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020136291A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09BDISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/02Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

  • the object of the present invention is an organic waste transformation facility and an associated procedure.
  • the pyrolysis procedures of a biomass charge and subsequent gasification of the coal obtained by said pyrolysis are known in the state of the art and are used to obtain fuel gas from the biomass.
  • the Spanish patent with publication number ES2327G191 of this same applicant is known, regarding a pyrolysis process of two biomass charges and subsequent gasification of the coal obtained by said pyrolysis and a reactor to carry it out, where in the process, For each biomass charge, the pyrolysis and subsequent gasification reactions are carried out in the same room, and due to the fact that the pyrolysis process of one of the charges and the gasification of the other are carried out simultaneously, so that part The heat required for pyrolysis of one is obtained from the gasification of the other.
  • the biomass pyrolysis and coal gasification reactor above comprises at least two enclosures in thermal contact with a common volume of heat exchange, each of these enclosures comprising a recharging gate and connection means to:
  • a first aspect of the present invention describes an organic waste transformation facility comprising:
  • a cogeneration unit configured to generate hot air and electricity to supply the installation and / or its derivation to a consumption network
  • the cogeneration unit comprises a gas turbine configured to generate hot air, preferably between 500 and 800 ° C.
  • the gas turbine is connected to an electric generator.
  • the installation comprises a first duct configured to transfer the hot air from the cogeneration unit to the reactor.
  • the installation comprises a siphon arranged at the reactor outlet, configured to channel the residual air to the reactor outlet, where the siphon comprises a heat exchanger to take advantage of the residual heat in the refinery and produce steam to send it to the refinery. , taking advantage of the residual heat from the hot air before releasing it into the atmosphere.
  • the reactor comprises a set of muffles configured to receive organic waste, where preferably, the set of muffles comprises a first subset of muffles configured to receive organic waste alternately to a second subset of muffles.
  • the reactor comprises a set of cylinder heads configured to superiorly close the reactor muffle set.
  • the installation includes feeding means configured to transport the organic waste to the reactor muffle assembly.
  • the reactor further comprises a vacuum pump configured to accelerate and extract the residual gases present in the set of muffles once the pyrolysis of the organic residues has been carried out.
  • the installation comprises a first set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of some exhaust gases from the reactor for their entry into the refinery once the pyrolysis has been carried out in the reactor.
  • the first set of valves comprises a first subset of valves and a second subset of valves configured so that when the first subset of valves is configured to allow the passage of exhaust gases from the reactor, the second subset of valves is configured to shut off the exit gases from the reactor, and vice versa.
  • the installation comprises a second set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of atmospheric air enriched with oxygen into the interior of! reactor after pyrolysis has been carried out in the reactor.
  • the second valve assembly comprises a first subset of valves and a second subset of valves configured so that when the first subset of valves is configured to allow the passage of atmospheric oxygen-enriched air into the reactor, the second subset of Valves is configured to shut off oxygen enriched atmospheric air to the interior of the reactor, and vice versa.
  • the first valve set and the second valve set are configured such that when the first subset of the first valve set is configured to allow the passage of exhaust gases from the first reactor muffle subset, the first subset the second valve set is configured to shut off oxygen enriched atmospheric air to the first muffle subset, the second subset of the first valve set is configured to shut off exhaust gases from the second muffle reactor subset and the second subassembly of the second valve assembly is configured to allow oxygen-enriched atmospheric air to pass into the first muffle subset, and vice versa.
  • the installation comprises a third set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of some exhaust gases and condensates from the reactor for their entry into the refinery once the pyrolysis and gasification have been carried out in the reactor.
  • the third valve set comprises a first subset of valves and a second subset of valves configured such that when the first subset of valves is configured to allow the passage of exhaust gases and condensates from the reactor, the second subset of Valves is configured to shut off the flow of exhaust gases and condensates from the reactor, and vice versa.
  • the third valve set is configured such that when the first subset of the second valve set is configured to shut off oxygen enriched atmospheric air to the first muffle subset, the first subset of the third valve set is configured to shut off the exhaust gases and condensates from the first subset of the reactor muffles and when the second subset of the second valve set is configured to allow the passage of oxygen enriched atmospheric air to the second subset of muffles, the second subset of the The third set of valves is configured to allow the passage of the exhaust gases and condensates from the second subset of the reactor muffles, and vice versa.
  • the refinery comprises a set of condensers configured to carry out a fragmented condensation of the organic waste.
  • the refinery comprises an indexed multi-tube condenser. configured to extract e! 100% of the condensable products of the exhaust gases from the reactor, preferably by decantation.
  • the installation comprises a duct connecting the inclined multi-tube condenser with the gas turbine, configured to contribute to feeding the gas turbine with a high purity exhaust gas from the inclined multi-tube condenser.
  • the refinery comprises a rectifying column configured to obtain hydrocarbons such as kerosene, gasoline, gas oil, light oil, dense oil, from the exhaust gases from the reactor.
  • hydrocarbons such as kerosene, gasoline, gas oil, light oil, dense oil
  • a second object of the invention refers to an organic waste transformation procedure carried out with the installation described above, where the procedure comprises:
  • hot air between 500 and 800 ° C is generated.
  • the process comprises a step of transferring the hot air to the reactor between the cogeneration stage and the pyrolysis stage.
  • the method comprises a step of feeding the set of muffles configured to receive the organic waste, where this step of feeding is an step of alternating feeding of the first subset of muffles and the second subset of muffles of the set of muffles of the reactor.
  • the procedure comprises, between the pyrolysis stage and the fragmented condensation stage, an opening stage of the first subset of the first set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of some exhaust gases coming from the reactor for their entry into the refinery and a closure stage of the second subset of the first set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of exhaust gases from the reactor for entry into the refinery or vice versa.
  • the procedure comprises, between the pyrolysis stage and the fragmented condensation stage, an opening stage of the first subset of the second set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of atmospheric air enriched with oxygen to the bottom of the reactor and a stage closing the second subassembly of the second set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of atmospheric air enriched with oxygen to the lower part of the reactor or vice versa.
  • the opening stage of the first subset of the first set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of some exhaust gases from the reactor for its entry into the refinery and the closing stage of the second subset of the first set of valves configured for allowing / closing the passage of some exhaust gases coming from the reactor for its entry into the refinery are carried out at the same time as the opening stage of the first subset of the second set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of enriched atmospheric air with oxygen inside the reactor and the closing stage of the second subset of the second set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of atmospheric air enriched with oxygen inside the reactor or vice versa.
  • the procedure comprises, between the pyrolysis and gasification stage and the fragmented condensation stage, an opening stage of the first subset of valves of the third set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of exhaust gases and condensates from the reactor for its entry into the refinery and a closing stage of the second subset of valves of the third set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of exhaust gases and condensates from the reactor for its entry into the refinery or vice versa.
  • the opening stage of the first subset of valves of the third set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of exhaust gases and condensates from the reactor for its entry into the refinery and the closing stage of the second subset of valves of !
  • the third set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of exhaust gases and condensates from the reactor to enter the refinery are carried out at the same time as the opening stage of the first subset of valves of the second set of configured valves. to allow / close the passage of atmospheric air enriched with oxygen to the interior of! reactor and closing stage of the second valve subset of the second valve assembly configured to allow / close the passage of atmospheric oxygen enriched air into the reactor or vice versa.
  • the fragmented condensation stage of organic waste comprises a decantation stage to extract 100% of the condensable products from the exhaust gases coming from the reactor.
  • the method comprises a step of contributing to the feeding of the gas turbine with an exhaust gas from the inclined multi-tube condenser.
  • the fragmented condensation stage of organic waste comprises a stage of obtaining hydrocarbons such as kerosene, gasoline, gas oil, light oil, dense oil, from the exhaust gases from the reactor.
  • hydrocarbons such as kerosene, gasoline, gas oil, light oil, dense oil
  • Figure 1 Shows a perspective view of the feeding means configured to transport the organic waste to the reactor muffle assembly of the installation of the present invention.
  • Figure 2. Shows a schematic view of the cogeneration unit of the installation of the present invention.
  • Figure 3. Shows a schematic view of the reactor of the installation of the present invention.
  • Figure 4. Shows a schematic view of the refinery of the installation of the present invention.
  • Figure 5. Shows an elevation view of a cylinder head facing a muffle (partially represented) of the reactor of the installation of the present invention.
  • Figure 8. Shows a bottom view of the muffle from Figure 5.
  • Figure 7. Shows a diagram of the first, second and third group of valves once the pyrolysis and gasification stage of the process of the present invention has ended.
  • the organic waste transformation facility includes:
  • a cogeneration unit (5) configured to generate hot air and electricity to supply the installation and / or its derivation to a consumption network, where the cogeneration unit comprises a gas turbine (6) and an electric generator ( 7);
  • a reactor (4) configured to carry out a pyrolysis and optionally a gasification of the organic waste, where the reactor (4) comprises a set of muffles (2, 3) which in turn comprises a first subset of muffles (2 ) and a second subset of muffles (3);
  • a refinery (11) configured to carry out a fragmented condensation of organic waste and thus obtain useful products for industry.
  • the first subset (2) of muffles (2, 3) is loaded from the reactor (4).
  • the gas turbine (6) of the cogeneration unit (5) is started to generate hot air, between 500 ° and 800 ° C, which is led to the reactor (4) through a first duct (9) from a lower end (8) of said reactor (4).
  • the outlet residual air is channeled through a siphon (10) arranged at the outlet of the reactor (4), configured to channel the residual air at the outlet of the reactor (4) and send it to the refinery (11), where the siphon it comprises a heat exchanger coil (12) to take advantage of the residual heat in the refinery (11) and produce steam before releasing the residual air into the atmosphere
  • the first subset (2) of muffles (2, 3) is heated for 3-6 hours to produce the pyrolysis of the organic residues disposed inside the first subset (2) of muffles (2 , 3), until the carbonaceous (solid) part of the organic waste remains inside and the gases are extracted that are led to the refinery (11) by opening the first subset (101) of the first set (101, 102 ) of valves configured to allow / close the passage of exhaust gases from the reactor (4) for entry into the refinery (11)
  • the duration of the pyrolysis stage is determined by an optical sensor that determines the slowdown of the output of gas. It is then when a vacuum pump is activated to accelerate and extract all the residual gases in the muffles. After a few minutes, the optical sensor will determine the end of the pyrolysis stage.
  • the first subset (101) of! first set (101, 102) of valves and the second subset (3) of muffles (2, 3) that were empty with organic residues from the conveyor belt is filled, the first subset (111) of the second set is opened of valves (111, 112) configured to allow / close the passage of atmospheric air enriched with oxygen to the interior of the reactor (4) once the pyrolysis has been carried out in the reactor (4) specifically to the second subset (3) of muffles (2, 3), containing the carbonaceous residue, and simultaneously the first subset (121) of the third set of valves (121, 122) configured to allow / close the passage of some exhaust gases and condensates from the reactor (4) for entering the refinery (11)
  • the refinery (1 1) comprises a set of distillers (25) to separate them from the CO before sending them to the turbine (6).
  • the objective of the installation and the associated procedure is to produce a clean CO gas, so that no damage occurs when burned in the gas turbine (6) and to be able to individually group the products obtained to give them commercial outlet.
  • the CO gas and the pollutants are taken to the refinery (11), taking into account that the volume of gases to be treated is significantly less than the gases treated in the pyrolysis stage.
  • the refinery (11) is fed by the gases from the pyrolysis stage. Fragmented condensation occurs through a set of condensers (15) configured to carry out fragmented condensation of organic waste.
  • the refinery (11) also includes a muiti-inclined tube condenser (16) configured to extract 100% of the condensable products from the exhaust gases from the reactor (4), preferably by decantation. After the condensers (15) only a high purity gas remains which contributes to the supply of the gas turbine (6).
  • the refinery comprises a rectifying column (17) configured to obtain hydrocarbons such as kerosene, gasoline, gas oil, light oil, dense oil, from the exhaust gases from the reactor (4), which have a maximum density of ai 0, 98.
  • paraffins and their refined products paraffins and their refined products, hydrocarbons, oils ...
  • pyroleinous acids are obtained that are used as preservatives, varnishes, etc.
  • the reactor (4) has a temperature sensor to regulate the power of the gas turbine (6).
  • the cylinder heads (20) of the muffles (2, 3) are hermetic thanks to the provision of a conical seal (21), a textile seal (22) (liconel), an O-ring (23) and a water-cooled seal ( 24).

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une installation de transformation de résidus organiques et un procédé associé, du fait de leur configuration spéciale, l'installation et le procédé de transformation de résidus organiques permettant l'extraction totale de l'énergie contenue dans lesdits résidus organiques.
PCT/ES2019/070846 2018-12-28 2019-12-13 Installation de transformation de résidus organiques et procédé associé Ceased WO2020136291A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ESP201831301 2018-12-28
ES201831301A ES2769916A1 (es) 2018-12-28 2018-12-28 Instalacion de transformacion de residuos organicos y procedimiento asociado

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2020136291A1 true WO2020136291A1 (fr) 2020-07-02

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PCT/ES2019/070846 Ceased WO2020136291A1 (fr) 2018-12-28 2019-12-13 Installation de transformation de résidus organiques et procédé associé

Country Status (2)

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ES (1) ES2769916A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020136291A1 (fr)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5798497A (en) * 1995-02-02 1998-08-25 Battelle Memorial Institute Tunable, self-powered integrated arc plasma-melter vitrification system for waste treatment and resource recovery
ES2327019A1 (es) * 2008-04-21 2009-10-22 Jose Grau Almirall Procedimiento de pirolisis de una carga de biomasa y posterior gasificacion del carbon obtenido mediante dicha pirolisis y reactor para llevarlo a cabo.
US20110239620A1 (en) * 2008-12-29 2011-10-06 Sergey Vasiljevich Pashkin Method for processing organic waste and a device for carrying out said method
RU2482160C1 (ru) * 2011-11-24 2013-05-20 Алексей Викторович Тимофеев Способ термической переработки органического сырья и устройство для его осуществления
RU2013133599A (ru) * 2013-07-18 2015-02-10 Александр Адамович Лемешевский Биокомплекс
WO2018009410A1 (fr) * 2016-07-08 2018-01-11 Aemerge Llc Dispositif de carbonisation à arc de plasma

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5798497A (en) * 1995-02-02 1998-08-25 Battelle Memorial Institute Tunable, self-powered integrated arc plasma-melter vitrification system for waste treatment and resource recovery
ES2327019A1 (es) * 2008-04-21 2009-10-22 Jose Grau Almirall Procedimiento de pirolisis de una carga de biomasa y posterior gasificacion del carbon obtenido mediante dicha pirolisis y reactor para llevarlo a cabo.
US20110239620A1 (en) * 2008-12-29 2011-10-06 Sergey Vasiljevich Pashkin Method for processing organic waste and a device for carrying out said method
RU2482160C1 (ru) * 2011-11-24 2013-05-20 Алексей Викторович Тимофеев Способ термической переработки органического сырья и устройство для его осуществления
RU2013133599A (ru) * 2013-07-18 2015-02-10 Александр Адамович Лемешевский Биокомплекс
WO2018009410A1 (fr) * 2016-07-08 2018-01-11 Aemerge Llc Dispositif de carbonisation à arc de plasma

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2769916A1 (es) 2020-06-29

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