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WO2020136291A1 - Facility for the transformation of organic waste and associated procedure - Google Patents

Facility for the transformation of organic waste and associated procedure Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020136291A1
WO2020136291A1 PCT/ES2019/070846 ES2019070846W WO2020136291A1 WO 2020136291 A1 WO2020136291 A1 WO 2020136291A1 ES 2019070846 W ES2019070846 W ES 2019070846W WO 2020136291 A1 WO2020136291 A1 WO 2020136291A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reactor
subset
organic waste
valves
stage
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/ES2019/070846
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Josep Grau Almirall
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of WO2020136291A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020136291A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/02—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

  • the object of the present invention is an organic waste transformation facility and an associated procedure.
  • the pyrolysis procedures of a biomass charge and subsequent gasification of the coal obtained by said pyrolysis are known in the state of the art and are used to obtain fuel gas from the biomass.
  • the Spanish patent with publication number ES2327G191 of this same applicant is known, regarding a pyrolysis process of two biomass charges and subsequent gasification of the coal obtained by said pyrolysis and a reactor to carry it out, where in the process, For each biomass charge, the pyrolysis and subsequent gasification reactions are carried out in the same room, and due to the fact that the pyrolysis process of one of the charges and the gasification of the other are carried out simultaneously, so that part The heat required for pyrolysis of one is obtained from the gasification of the other.
  • the biomass pyrolysis and coal gasification reactor above comprises at least two enclosures in thermal contact with a common volume of heat exchange, each of these enclosures comprising a recharging gate and connection means to:
  • a first aspect of the present invention describes an organic waste transformation facility comprising:
  • a cogeneration unit configured to generate hot air and electricity to supply the installation and / or its derivation to a consumption network
  • the cogeneration unit comprises a gas turbine configured to generate hot air, preferably between 500 and 800 ° C.
  • the gas turbine is connected to an electric generator.
  • the installation comprises a first duct configured to transfer the hot air from the cogeneration unit to the reactor.
  • the installation comprises a siphon arranged at the reactor outlet, configured to channel the residual air to the reactor outlet, where the siphon comprises a heat exchanger to take advantage of the residual heat in the refinery and produce steam to send it to the refinery. , taking advantage of the residual heat from the hot air before releasing it into the atmosphere.
  • the reactor comprises a set of muffles configured to receive organic waste, where preferably, the set of muffles comprises a first subset of muffles configured to receive organic waste alternately to a second subset of muffles.
  • the reactor comprises a set of cylinder heads configured to superiorly close the reactor muffle set.
  • the installation includes feeding means configured to transport the organic waste to the reactor muffle assembly.
  • the reactor further comprises a vacuum pump configured to accelerate and extract the residual gases present in the set of muffles once the pyrolysis of the organic residues has been carried out.
  • the installation comprises a first set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of some exhaust gases from the reactor for their entry into the refinery once the pyrolysis has been carried out in the reactor.
  • the first set of valves comprises a first subset of valves and a second subset of valves configured so that when the first subset of valves is configured to allow the passage of exhaust gases from the reactor, the second subset of valves is configured to shut off the exit gases from the reactor, and vice versa.
  • the installation comprises a second set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of atmospheric air enriched with oxygen into the interior of! reactor after pyrolysis has been carried out in the reactor.
  • the second valve assembly comprises a first subset of valves and a second subset of valves configured so that when the first subset of valves is configured to allow the passage of atmospheric oxygen-enriched air into the reactor, the second subset of Valves is configured to shut off oxygen enriched atmospheric air to the interior of the reactor, and vice versa.
  • the first valve set and the second valve set are configured such that when the first subset of the first valve set is configured to allow the passage of exhaust gases from the first reactor muffle subset, the first subset the second valve set is configured to shut off oxygen enriched atmospheric air to the first muffle subset, the second subset of the first valve set is configured to shut off exhaust gases from the second muffle reactor subset and the second subassembly of the second valve assembly is configured to allow oxygen-enriched atmospheric air to pass into the first muffle subset, and vice versa.
  • the installation comprises a third set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of some exhaust gases and condensates from the reactor for their entry into the refinery once the pyrolysis and gasification have been carried out in the reactor.
  • the third valve set comprises a first subset of valves and a second subset of valves configured such that when the first subset of valves is configured to allow the passage of exhaust gases and condensates from the reactor, the second subset of Valves is configured to shut off the flow of exhaust gases and condensates from the reactor, and vice versa.
  • the third valve set is configured such that when the first subset of the second valve set is configured to shut off oxygen enriched atmospheric air to the first muffle subset, the first subset of the third valve set is configured to shut off the exhaust gases and condensates from the first subset of the reactor muffles and when the second subset of the second valve set is configured to allow the passage of oxygen enriched atmospheric air to the second subset of muffles, the second subset of the The third set of valves is configured to allow the passage of the exhaust gases and condensates from the second subset of the reactor muffles, and vice versa.
  • the refinery comprises a set of condensers configured to carry out a fragmented condensation of the organic waste.
  • the refinery comprises an indexed multi-tube condenser. configured to extract e! 100% of the condensable products of the exhaust gases from the reactor, preferably by decantation.
  • the installation comprises a duct connecting the inclined multi-tube condenser with the gas turbine, configured to contribute to feeding the gas turbine with a high purity exhaust gas from the inclined multi-tube condenser.
  • the refinery comprises a rectifying column configured to obtain hydrocarbons such as kerosene, gasoline, gas oil, light oil, dense oil, from the exhaust gases from the reactor.
  • hydrocarbons such as kerosene, gasoline, gas oil, light oil, dense oil
  • a second object of the invention refers to an organic waste transformation procedure carried out with the installation described above, where the procedure comprises:
  • hot air between 500 and 800 ° C is generated.
  • the process comprises a step of transferring the hot air to the reactor between the cogeneration stage and the pyrolysis stage.
  • the method comprises a step of feeding the set of muffles configured to receive the organic waste, where this step of feeding is an step of alternating feeding of the first subset of muffles and the second subset of muffles of the set of muffles of the reactor.
  • the procedure comprises, between the pyrolysis stage and the fragmented condensation stage, an opening stage of the first subset of the first set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of some exhaust gases coming from the reactor for their entry into the refinery and a closure stage of the second subset of the first set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of exhaust gases from the reactor for entry into the refinery or vice versa.
  • the procedure comprises, between the pyrolysis stage and the fragmented condensation stage, an opening stage of the first subset of the second set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of atmospheric air enriched with oxygen to the bottom of the reactor and a stage closing the second subassembly of the second set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of atmospheric air enriched with oxygen to the lower part of the reactor or vice versa.
  • the opening stage of the first subset of the first set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of some exhaust gases from the reactor for its entry into the refinery and the closing stage of the second subset of the first set of valves configured for allowing / closing the passage of some exhaust gases coming from the reactor for its entry into the refinery are carried out at the same time as the opening stage of the first subset of the second set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of enriched atmospheric air with oxygen inside the reactor and the closing stage of the second subset of the second set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of atmospheric air enriched with oxygen inside the reactor or vice versa.
  • the procedure comprises, between the pyrolysis and gasification stage and the fragmented condensation stage, an opening stage of the first subset of valves of the third set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of exhaust gases and condensates from the reactor for its entry into the refinery and a closing stage of the second subset of valves of the third set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of exhaust gases and condensates from the reactor for its entry into the refinery or vice versa.
  • the opening stage of the first subset of valves of the third set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of exhaust gases and condensates from the reactor for its entry into the refinery and the closing stage of the second subset of valves of !
  • the third set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of exhaust gases and condensates from the reactor to enter the refinery are carried out at the same time as the opening stage of the first subset of valves of the second set of configured valves. to allow / close the passage of atmospheric air enriched with oxygen to the interior of! reactor and closing stage of the second valve subset of the second valve assembly configured to allow / close the passage of atmospheric oxygen enriched air into the reactor or vice versa.
  • the fragmented condensation stage of organic waste comprises a decantation stage to extract 100% of the condensable products from the exhaust gases coming from the reactor.
  • the method comprises a step of contributing to the feeding of the gas turbine with an exhaust gas from the inclined multi-tube condenser.
  • the fragmented condensation stage of organic waste comprises a stage of obtaining hydrocarbons such as kerosene, gasoline, gas oil, light oil, dense oil, from the exhaust gases from the reactor.
  • hydrocarbons such as kerosene, gasoline, gas oil, light oil, dense oil
  • Figure 1 Shows a perspective view of the feeding means configured to transport the organic waste to the reactor muffle assembly of the installation of the present invention.
  • Figure 2. Shows a schematic view of the cogeneration unit of the installation of the present invention.
  • Figure 3. Shows a schematic view of the reactor of the installation of the present invention.
  • Figure 4. Shows a schematic view of the refinery of the installation of the present invention.
  • Figure 5. Shows an elevation view of a cylinder head facing a muffle (partially represented) of the reactor of the installation of the present invention.
  • Figure 8. Shows a bottom view of the muffle from Figure 5.
  • Figure 7. Shows a diagram of the first, second and third group of valves once the pyrolysis and gasification stage of the process of the present invention has ended.
  • the organic waste transformation facility includes:
  • a cogeneration unit (5) configured to generate hot air and electricity to supply the installation and / or its derivation to a consumption network, where the cogeneration unit comprises a gas turbine (6) and an electric generator ( 7);
  • a reactor (4) configured to carry out a pyrolysis and optionally a gasification of the organic waste, where the reactor (4) comprises a set of muffles (2, 3) which in turn comprises a first subset of muffles (2 ) and a second subset of muffles (3);
  • a refinery (11) configured to carry out a fragmented condensation of organic waste and thus obtain useful products for industry.
  • the first subset (2) of muffles (2, 3) is loaded from the reactor (4).
  • the gas turbine (6) of the cogeneration unit (5) is started to generate hot air, between 500 ° and 800 ° C, which is led to the reactor (4) through a first duct (9) from a lower end (8) of said reactor (4).
  • the outlet residual air is channeled through a siphon (10) arranged at the outlet of the reactor (4), configured to channel the residual air at the outlet of the reactor (4) and send it to the refinery (11), where the siphon it comprises a heat exchanger coil (12) to take advantage of the residual heat in the refinery (11) and produce steam before releasing the residual air into the atmosphere
  • the first subset (2) of muffles (2, 3) is heated for 3-6 hours to produce the pyrolysis of the organic residues disposed inside the first subset (2) of muffles (2 , 3), until the carbonaceous (solid) part of the organic waste remains inside and the gases are extracted that are led to the refinery (11) by opening the first subset (101) of the first set (101, 102 ) of valves configured to allow / close the passage of exhaust gases from the reactor (4) for entry into the refinery (11)
  • the duration of the pyrolysis stage is determined by an optical sensor that determines the slowdown of the output of gas. It is then when a vacuum pump is activated to accelerate and extract all the residual gases in the muffles. After a few minutes, the optical sensor will determine the end of the pyrolysis stage.
  • the first subset (101) of! first set (101, 102) of valves and the second subset (3) of muffles (2, 3) that were empty with organic residues from the conveyor belt is filled, the first subset (111) of the second set is opened of valves (111, 112) configured to allow / close the passage of atmospheric air enriched with oxygen to the interior of the reactor (4) once the pyrolysis has been carried out in the reactor (4) specifically to the second subset (3) of muffles (2, 3), containing the carbonaceous residue, and simultaneously the first subset (121) of the third set of valves (121, 122) configured to allow / close the passage of some exhaust gases and condensates from the reactor (4) for entering the refinery (11)
  • the refinery (1 1) comprises a set of distillers (25) to separate them from the CO before sending them to the turbine (6).
  • the objective of the installation and the associated procedure is to produce a clean CO gas, so that no damage occurs when burned in the gas turbine (6) and to be able to individually group the products obtained to give them commercial outlet.
  • the CO gas and the pollutants are taken to the refinery (11), taking into account that the volume of gases to be treated is significantly less than the gases treated in the pyrolysis stage.
  • the refinery (11) is fed by the gases from the pyrolysis stage. Fragmented condensation occurs through a set of condensers (15) configured to carry out fragmented condensation of organic waste.
  • the refinery (11) also includes a muiti-inclined tube condenser (16) configured to extract 100% of the condensable products from the exhaust gases from the reactor (4), preferably by decantation. After the condensers (15) only a high purity gas remains which contributes to the supply of the gas turbine (6).
  • the refinery comprises a rectifying column (17) configured to obtain hydrocarbons such as kerosene, gasoline, gas oil, light oil, dense oil, from the exhaust gases from the reactor (4), which have a maximum density of ai 0, 98.
  • paraffins and their refined products paraffins and their refined products, hydrocarbons, oils ...
  • pyroleinous acids are obtained that are used as preservatives, varnishes, etc.
  • the reactor (4) has a temperature sensor to regulate the power of the gas turbine (6).
  • the cylinder heads (20) of the muffles (2, 3) are hermetic thanks to the provision of a conical seal (21), a textile seal (22) (liconel), an O-ring (23) and a water-cooled seal ( 24).

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a facility for the transformation of organic waste and an associated procedure. The facility comprises a cogeneration unit (5) which generates hot air and electricity for powering the facility and/or for diverting to a consumer network, a reactor (4) where a process of pyrolysis and optionally a gasification of the organic waste is performed, and a refinery (11) where a fragmented condensation of the organic waste is executed. Due to the configuration thereof, the facility and the procedure for the transformation of organic waste enable the extraction of the entirety of the energy contained in said organic waste.

Description

INSTALACIÓN DE TRANSFORMACIÓN DE RESIDUOS ORGÁNICOS Y INSTALLATION OF TRANSFORMATION OF ORGANIC WASTE AND

PROCEDIMIENTO ASOCIADO ASSOCIATED PROCEDURE

DESCRIPCIÓN DESCRIPTION

OBJETO DE LA INVENCIÓN OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

El objeto de la presente invención es una instalación de transformación de residuos orgánicos y un procedimiento asociado. The object of the present invention is an organic waste transformation facility and an associated procedure.

Debido a su especia! configuración, la instalación y el procedimiento de transformación de residuos orgánicos permiten la extracción total de la energía contenida en dichos residuos orgánicos. Due to its spice! configuration, installation and procedure for transforming organic waste allow the total extraction of the energy contained in said organic waste.

ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Se conocen en el estado de la técnica los procedimientos de pirólisis de una carga de biomasa y posterior gasificación del carbón obtenido mediante dicha pirólisis que se emplean para la obtención de gas combustible a partir de la biomasa. The pyrolysis procedures of a biomass charge and subsequent gasification of the coal obtained by said pyrolysis are known in the state of the art and are used to obtain fuel gas from the biomass.

Entre los anteriores se conoce la patente española con número de publicación ES2327G191 de este mismo solicitante, relativa a un procedimiento de pirólisis de dos cargas de biomasa y posterior gasificación del carbón obtenido mediante dicha pirólisis y reactor para llevarlo a cabo, donde en el procedimiento, para cada carga de biomasa, las reacciones de pirólisis y posterior gasificación se realizan en un mismo recinto, y por el hecho de que el proceso de pirólisis de una de las cargas y el de gasificación de la otra se realizan simultáneamente, de modo que parte del calor necesario para la pirólisis de una se obtiene de la gasificación de la otra. Among the above, the Spanish patent with publication number ES2327G191 of this same applicant is known, regarding a pyrolysis process of two biomass charges and subsequent gasification of the coal obtained by said pyrolysis and a reactor to carry it out, where in the process, For each biomass charge, the pyrolysis and subsequent gasification reactions are carried out in the same room, and due to the fact that the pyrolysis process of one of the charges and the gasification of the other are carried out simultaneously, so that part The heat required for pyrolysis of one is obtained from the gasification of the other.

El reactor para pirólisis de biomasa y gasificación del carbón anterior comprende al menos dos recintos en contacto térmico con un volumen común de intercambio de calor, comprendiendo cada uno de dichos recintos una compuerta de recarga y medios de conexión a: The biomass pyrolysis and coal gasification reactor above comprises at least two enclosures in thermal contact with a common volume of heat exchange, each of these enclosures comprising a recharging gate and connection means to:

- una fuente de aire de caudal controlado para el proceso de gasificación, - a controlled flow air source for the gasification process,

- una unidad de tratamiento de ios productos de la gasificación, - una unidad de tratamiento de ios productos de la pirólisis, - a unit for treating gasification products, - a pyrolysis product treatment unit,

de modo que es posible poner alternativamente cada recinto en las condiciones adecuadas para la pirólisis o la gasificación, según este contenga biomasa en proceso de pirólisis o carbón en proceso de gasificación. so that it is possible to alternately put each room in the appropriate conditions for pyrolysis or gasification, depending on whether it contains biomass in the pyrolysis process or coal in the gasification process.

El procedimiento y reactor anterior presentan ios inconvenientes de que no se pueden industrializar al disponer de muflas cilindricas que no permiten su escalado. The above process and reactor have the drawbacks that they cannot be industrialized by having cylindrical muffles that do not allow scaling.

El procedimiento de transformación de residuos orgánicos y un sistema asociado de la presente invención, solventan todos ios inconvenientes anteriormente mencionados The organic waste transformation procedure and an associated system of the present invention solve all the aforementioned drawbacks

DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Un primer aspecto de la presente invención describe una instalación de transformación de residuos orgánicos que comprende: A first aspect of the present invention describes an organic waste transformation facility comprising:

una unidad de cogeneración configurada para generar aire caliente y electricidad para la alimentación de la instalación y/o su derivación a una red de consumo; a cogeneration unit configured to generate hot air and electricity to supply the installation and / or its derivation to a consumption network;

• un reactor configurado para llevar a cabo una pirólisis y opcionalmente una gasificación de ios residuos orgánicos; • a reactor configured to carry out pyrolysis and optionally a gasification of organic waste;

• una refinería configurada para llevar a cabo una condensación fragmentada de los residuos orgánicos y de esta manera obtener productos útiles para la industria. • a refinery configured to carry out a fragmented condensation of organic waste and thus obtain useful products for industry.

Opcionalmente, la unidad de cogeneración comprende una turbina de gas configurada para generar aire caliente, preferentemente entre 500 y 800 °C. Preferentemente, la turbina de gas se encuentra conectada a un generador eléctrico. Optionally, the cogeneration unit comprises a gas turbine configured to generate hot air, preferably between 500 and 800 ° C. Preferably, the gas turbine is connected to an electric generator.

Opcionalmente, la instalación comprende un primer conducto configurado para trasladar el aire caliente de la unidad de cogeneración ai reactor. Preferentemente, la instalación comprende un sifón dispuesto a la salida del reactor, configurado para canalizar el aire residual a la salida del reactor, donde el sifón comprende un intercambiador de calor para aprovechar el calor residual en la refinería y producir vapor para enviarlo a la refinería, aprovechando de esta manera el calor residual del aire caliente antes de soltarlo a la atmósfera. Opcionalmente, el reactor comprende un conjunto de muflas configuradas para recibir los residuos orgánicos, donde preferentemente, el conjunto de muflas comprende un primer subconjunto de muflas configuradas para recibir ios residuos orgánicos de manera alterna a un segundo subconjunto de muflas. Optionally, the installation comprises a first duct configured to transfer the hot air from the cogeneration unit to the reactor. Preferably, the installation comprises a siphon arranged at the reactor outlet, configured to channel the residual air to the reactor outlet, where the siphon comprises a heat exchanger to take advantage of the residual heat in the refinery and produce steam to send it to the refinery. , taking advantage of the residual heat from the hot air before releasing it into the atmosphere. Optionally, the reactor comprises a set of muffles configured to receive organic waste, where preferably, the set of muffles comprises a first subset of muffles configured to receive organic waste alternately to a second subset of muffles.

Opcionalmente, el reactor comprende un conjunto de culatas configuradas para cerrar superiormente el conjunto de muflas del reactor. Optionally, the reactor comprises a set of cylinder heads configured to superiorly close the reactor muffle set.

Opcionalmente, la instalación comprende unos medios de alimentación configurados para transportar ios residuos orgánicos al conjunto de muflas del reactor. Optionally, the installation includes feeding means configured to transport the organic waste to the reactor muffle assembly.

Opcionalmente, el reactor comprende además una bomba de vacío configurada para acelerar y extraer ios gases residuales presentes en el conjunto de muflas una vez que se ha llevado a cabo la pirólisis de los residuos orgánicos. Optionally, the reactor further comprises a vacuum pump configured to accelerate and extract the residual gases present in the set of muffles once the pyrolysis of the organic residues has been carried out.

Opcionalmente, la instalación comprende un primer conjunto de válvulas configuradas para permitir/cerrar el paso de unos gases de salida provenientes del reactor para su entrada en la refinería una vez que se ba llevado a cabo la pirólisis en el reactor. Preferentemente, el primer conjunto de válvulas comprende un primer subconjunto de válvulas y un segundo subconjunto de válvulas configurados de manera que cuando el primer subconjunto de válvulas está configurado para permitir el paso de los gases de salida provenientes dei reactor, el segundo subconjunto de válvulas está configurado para cerrar el paso de los gases de salida provenientes dei reactor, y viceversa. Optionally, the installation comprises a first set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of some exhaust gases from the reactor for their entry into the refinery once the pyrolysis has been carried out in the reactor. Preferably, the first set of valves comprises a first subset of valves and a second subset of valves configured so that when the first subset of valves is configured to allow the passage of exhaust gases from the reactor, the second subset of valves is configured to shut off the exit gases from the reactor, and vice versa.

Opcionalmente, la instalación comprende un segundo conjunto de válvulas configuradas para permitir/cerrar el paso de aire atmosférico enriquecido con oxígeno ai interior de! reactor una vez que se ha llevado a cabo la pirólisis en ei reactor. Preferentemente, el segundo conjunto de válvulas comprende un primer subconjunto de válvulas y un segundo subconjunto de válvulas configurados de manera que cuando ei primer subconjunto de válvulas está configurado para permitir ei paso de aire atmosférico enriquecido con oxígeno al interior del reactor, ei segundo subconjunto de válvulas está configurado para cerrar el paso de aire atmosférico enriquecido con oxígeno ai interior dei reactor, y viceversa. Preferentemente, el primer conjunto de válvulas y el segundo conjunto de válvulas están configurados de manera que cuando el primer subconjunto del primer conjunto de válvulas está configurado para permitir el paso de los gases de salida provenientes del primer subconjunto de muflas del reactor, el primer subconjunto del segundo conjunto de válvulas está configurado para cerrar el paso de aire atmosférico enriquecido con oxígeno al primer subconjunto de muflas, el segundo subconjunto del primer conjunto de válvulas está configurado para cerrar el paso de los gases de salida provenientes del segundo subconjunto de muflas del reactor y el segundo subconjunto del segundo conjunto de válvulas está configurado para permitir el paso de aire atmosférico enriquecido con oxígeno al primer subconjunto de muflas, y viceversa. Optionally, the installation comprises a second set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of atmospheric air enriched with oxygen into the interior of! reactor after pyrolysis has been carried out in the reactor. Preferably, the second valve assembly comprises a first subset of valves and a second subset of valves configured so that when the first subset of valves is configured to allow the passage of atmospheric oxygen-enriched air into the reactor, the second subset of Valves is configured to shut off oxygen enriched atmospheric air to the interior of the reactor, and vice versa. Preferably, the first valve set and the second valve set are configured such that when the first subset of the first valve set is configured to allow the passage of exhaust gases from the first reactor muffle subset, the first subset the second valve set is configured to shut off oxygen enriched atmospheric air to the first muffle subset, the second subset of the first valve set is configured to shut off exhaust gases from the second muffle reactor subset and the second subassembly of the second valve assembly is configured to allow oxygen-enriched atmospheric air to pass into the first muffle subset, and vice versa.

Opcionalmente, la instalación comprende un tercer conjunto de válvulas configuradas para permitir/cerrar el paso de unos gases de salida y condensados provenientes del reactor para su entrada en la refinería una vez que se ha llevado a cabo la pirólisis y la gasificación en ei reactor. Preferentemente, el tercer conjunto de válvulas comprende un primer subconjunto de válvulas y un segundo subconjunto de válvulas configurados de manera que cuando el primer subconjunto de válvulas está configurado para permitir el paso de los gases de salida y condensados provenientes dei reactor, el segundo subconjunto de válvulas está configurado para cerrar ei paso de los gases de salida y condensados provenientes del reactor, y viceversa. Optionally, the installation comprises a third set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of some exhaust gases and condensates from the reactor for their entry into the refinery once the pyrolysis and gasification have been carried out in the reactor. Preferably, the third valve set comprises a first subset of valves and a second subset of valves configured such that when the first subset of valves is configured to allow the passage of exhaust gases and condensates from the reactor, the second subset of Valves is configured to shut off the flow of exhaust gases and condensates from the reactor, and vice versa.

Preferentemente, el tercer conjunto de válvulas está configurado de manera que cuando el primer subconjunto del segundo conjunto de válvulas está configurado para cerrar el paso de aire atmosférico enriquecido con oxígeno al primer subconjunto de muflas, el primer subconjunto del tercer conjunto de válvulas está configurado para cerrar el paso de ios gases de salida y condensados provenientes del primer subconjunto de muflas del reactor y cuando el segundo subconjunto del segundo conjunto de válvulas está configurado para permitir el paso de aire atmosférico enriquecido con oxígeno al segundo subconjunto de muflas, el segundo subconjunto del tercer conjunto de válvulas está configurado para permitir el paso de los gases de salida y condensados provenientes del segundo subconjunto de muflas del reactor, y viceversa. Preferably, the third valve set is configured such that when the first subset of the second valve set is configured to shut off oxygen enriched atmospheric air to the first muffle subset, the first subset of the third valve set is configured to shut off the exhaust gases and condensates from the first subset of the reactor muffles and when the second subset of the second valve set is configured to allow the passage of oxygen enriched atmospheric air to the second subset of muffles, the second subset of the The third set of valves is configured to allow the passage of the exhaust gases and condensates from the second subset of the reactor muffles, and vice versa.

Gpciona!mente, la refinería comprende un conjunto de condensadores configurados para llevar a cabo una condensación fragmentada de los residuos orgánicos. Preferentemente, la refinería comprende un condensador multi-tubo indinado configurado para extraer e! 100% de los productos condensables de los gases de salida provenientes del reactor, preferentemente por decantación. La instalación comprende un conducto que conecta el condensador multi-tubo inclinado con la turbina de gas, configurado para contribuir a la alimentación de la turbina de gas con un gas de salida, de alta pureza, del condensador multi-tubo inclinado. Optionally, the refinery comprises a set of condensers configured to carry out a fragmented condensation of the organic waste. Preferably, the refinery comprises an indexed multi-tube condenser. configured to extract e! 100% of the condensable products of the exhaust gases from the reactor, preferably by decantation. The installation comprises a duct connecting the inclined multi-tube condenser with the gas turbine, configured to contribute to feeding the gas turbine with a high purity exhaust gas from the inclined multi-tube condenser.

Opcionalmente, la refinería comprende una columna rectificadora configurada para obtener hidrocarburos como queroseno, gasolina, gas-oil, aceite ligero, aceite denso, a partir de los gases de salida provenientes del reactor. Optionally, the refinery comprises a rectifying column configured to obtain hydrocarbons such as kerosene, gasoline, gas oil, light oil, dense oil, from the exhaust gases from the reactor.

Un segundo objeto de la invención se refiere a un procedimiento de transformación de residuos orgánicos llevado a cabo con la instalación descrita anteriormente, donde el procedimiento comprende: A second object of the invention refers to an organic waste transformation procedure carried out with the installation described above, where the procedure comprises:

• una etapa de cogeneración donde se genera aire caliente y electricidad para la alimentación de la instalación y/o su derivación a una red de consumo; • a cogeneration stage where hot air and electricity are generated to supply the installation and / or its derivation to a consumption network;

® una etapa de pirólisis y opcionalmente una etapa de gasificación de los residuos orgánicos; y ® a pyrolysis stage and optionally a gasification stage of organic waste; and

® una etapa de condensación fragmentada de los residuos orgánicos. ® a stage of fragmented condensation of organic waste.

Opcionalmente, en la etapa de cogeneración se genera aire caliente entre 500 y 800 °C. Optionally, in the cogeneration stage, hot air between 500 and 800 ° C is generated.

Opcionalmente, el procedimiento comprende una etapa de traslado del aire caliente ai reactor entre la etapa de cogeneración y la etapa de pirólisis. Optionally, the process comprises a step of transferring the hot air to the reactor between the cogeneration stage and the pyrolysis stage.

Opcionalmente, el procedimiento comprende una etapa de alimentación del conjunto de muflas configuradas para recibir los residuos orgánicos, donde esta etapa de alimentación es una etapa de alimentación alterna del primer subconjunto de muflas y del segundo subconjunto de muflas del conjunto de muflas del reactor. Optionally, the method comprises a step of feeding the set of muffles configured to receive the organic waste, where this step of feeding is an step of alternating feeding of the first subset of muffles and the second subset of muffles of the set of muffles of the reactor.

Opcionalmente, el procedimiento comprende, entre la etapa de pirólisis y la etapa de condensación fragmentada, una etapa de apertura del primer subconjunto del primer conjunto de válvulas configuradas para permitir/cerrar el paso de unos gases de salida provenientes del reactor para su entrada en la refinería y una etapa de cierre del segundo subconjunto del primer conjunto de válvulas configuradas para permitir/cerrar el paso de unos gases de salida provenientes del reactor para su entrada en la refinería o viceversa. Opcionalmente, el procedimiento comprende, entre la etapa de pirólisis y la etapa de condensación fragmentada, una etapa de apertura del primer subconjunfo del segundo conjunto de válvulas configuradas para permitir/cerrar el paso de aire atmosférico enriquecido con oxígeno al inferior del reactor y una etapa de cierre del segundo subconjunfo del segundo conjunto de válvulas configuradas para permitir/cerrar el paso de aire atmosférico enriquecido con oxígeno ai inferior del reactor o viceversa. Optionally, the procedure comprises, between the pyrolysis stage and the fragmented condensation stage, an opening stage of the first subset of the first set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of some exhaust gases coming from the reactor for their entry into the refinery and a closure stage of the second subset of the first set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of exhaust gases from the reactor for entry into the refinery or vice versa. Optionally, the procedure comprises, between the pyrolysis stage and the fragmented condensation stage, an opening stage of the first subset of the second set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of atmospheric air enriched with oxygen to the bottom of the reactor and a stage closing the second subassembly of the second set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of atmospheric air enriched with oxygen to the lower part of the reactor or vice versa.

Preferentemente, la etapa de apertura del primer subconjunfo del primer conjunto de válvulas configuradas para permifir/cerrar el paso de unos gases de salida provenientes del reactor para su entrada en la refinería y la etapa de cierre del segundo subconjunto del primer conjunto de válvulas configuradas para permitir/cerrar el paso de unos gases de salida provenientes del reactor para su entrada en la refinería se llevan a cabo a la vez que la etapa de apertura del primer subconjunfo del segundo conjunto de válvulas configuradas para permitir/cerrar el paso de aire atmosférico enriquecido con oxígeno al interior del reactor y la etapa de cierre del segundo subconjunto del segundo conjunto de válvulas configuradas para permitír/cerrar el paso de aire atmosférico enriquecido con oxígeno al interior del reactor o viceversa. Preferably, the opening stage of the first subset of the first set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of some exhaust gases from the reactor for its entry into the refinery and the closing stage of the second subset of the first set of valves configured for allowing / closing the passage of some exhaust gases coming from the reactor for its entry into the refinery are carried out at the same time as the opening stage of the first subset of the second set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of enriched atmospheric air with oxygen inside the reactor and the closing stage of the second subset of the second set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of atmospheric air enriched with oxygen inside the reactor or vice versa.

Opcionalmente, el procedimiento comprende, entre ia etapa de pirólisis y gasificación y la etapa de condensación fragmentada, una etapa de apertura del primer subconjunfo de válvulas del tercer conjunto de válvulas configurado para permitír/cerrar el paso de los gases de salida y condensados provenientes del reactor para su entrada en la refinería y una etapa de cierre del segundo subconjunfo de válvulas del tercer conjunto de válvulas configurado para permitír/cerrar el paso de los gases de salida y condensados provenientes del reactor para su entrada en la refinería o viceversa. Optionally, the procedure comprises, between the pyrolysis and gasification stage and the fragmented condensation stage, an opening stage of the first subset of valves of the third set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of exhaust gases and condensates from the reactor for its entry into the refinery and a closing stage of the second subset of valves of the third set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of exhaust gases and condensates from the reactor for its entry into the refinery or vice versa.

Preferentemente, la etapa de apertura del primer subconjunto de válvulas del tercer conjunto de válvulas configurado para permifir/cerrar el paso de los gases de salida y condensados provenientes del reactor para su entrada en ia refinería y la etapa de cierre del segundo subconjunfo de válvulas de! tercer conjunto de válvulas configurado para permifir/cerrar el paso de los gases de salida y condensados provenientes del reactor para su entrada en la refinería se llevan a cabo a ia vez que ia etapa de apertura del primer subconjunto de válvulas del segundo conjunto de válvulas configuradas para permitir/cerrar el paso de aire atmosférico enriquecido con oxigeno al interior de! reactor y ia etapa de cierre del segundo subconjunto de válvulas del segundo conjunto de válvulas configuradas para permitir/cerrar el paso de aire atmosférico enriquecido con oxígeno al interior dei reactor o viceversa. Preferably, the opening stage of the first subset of valves of the third set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of exhaust gases and condensates from the reactor for its entry into the refinery and the closing stage of the second subset of valves of ! The third set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of exhaust gases and condensates from the reactor to enter the refinery are carried out at the same time as the opening stage of the first subset of valves of the second set of configured valves. to allow / close the passage of atmospheric air enriched with oxygen to the interior of! reactor and closing stage of the second valve subset of the second valve assembly configured to allow / close the passage of atmospheric oxygen enriched air into the reactor or vice versa.

Opcionalmente, la etapa de condensación fragmentada de los residuos orgánicos comprende una etapa de decantación para extraer el 100% de los productos condensables de los gases de salida provenientes dei reactor. Optionally, the fragmented condensation stage of organic waste comprises a decantation stage to extract 100% of the condensable products from the exhaust gases coming from the reactor.

Opcionalmente, el procedimiento comprende una etapa de contribución a la alimentación de la turbina de gas con un gas de salida proveniente del condensador multi-tubo inclinado. Optionally, the method comprises a step of contributing to the feeding of the gas turbine with an exhaust gas from the inclined multi-tube condenser.

Opcionalmente, la etapa de condensación fragmentada de ios residuos orgánicos comprende una etapa de obtención hidrocarburos como queroseno, gasolina, gas-oil, aceite ligero, aceite denso, a partir de los gases de salida provenientes del reactor. Optionally, the fragmented condensation stage of organic waste comprises a stage of obtaining hydrocarbons such as kerosene, gasoline, gas oil, light oil, dense oil, from the exhaust gases from the reactor.

DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS DIBUJOS DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Para complementar ia descripción que se está realizando y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características de la invención, de acuerdo con un ejemplo preferente de realización práctica de ia misma, se acompaña como parte integrante de dicha descripción, un juego de dibujos en donde, con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado lo siguiente: To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical embodiment of the same, a set of drawings is included as an integral part of said description. where, illustrative and not limiting, the following has been represented:

Figura 1.- Muestra una vista en perspectiva de los medios de alimentación configurados para transportar los residuos orgánicos al conjunto de muflas del reactor de la instalación de la presente Invención. Figure 1.- Shows a perspective view of the feeding means configured to transport the organic waste to the reactor muffle assembly of the installation of the present invention.

Figura 2.- Muestra una vista en esquema de ia unidad de cogeneración de ia instalación de la presente invención. Figure 2.- Shows a schematic view of the cogeneration unit of the installation of the present invention.

Figura 3.- Muestra una vista en esquema del reactor de ia instalación de la presente invención. Figure 3.- Shows a schematic view of the reactor of the installation of the present invention.

Figura 4.~ Muestra una vista en esquema de la refinería de la instalación de la presente invención. Figura 5.- Muestra una vista en alzado de una culata enfrentada a una mufla (representada parcialmente) del reactor de la instalación de la presente invención. Figure 4. ~ Shows a schematic view of the refinery of the installation of the present invention. Figure 5.- Shows an elevation view of a cylinder head facing a muffle (partially represented) of the reactor of the installation of the present invention.

Figura 8.~ Muestra una vista inferior de la mufla de ¡a Figura 5. Figure 8. ~ Shows a bottom view of the muffle from Figure 5.

Figura 7.- Muestra un esquema del primer, segundo y tercer grupo de válvulas una vez que ha finalizado la etapa de de pirólisis y gasificación del procedimiento de la presente invención. Figure 7.- Shows a diagram of the first, second and third group of valves once the pyrolysis and gasification stage of the process of the present invention has ended.

REALIZACIÓN PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCIÓN PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

A continuación, y de manera detallada, se procederá a describir la instalación y el procedimiento de transformación de residuos orgánicos de la presente invención. Next, and in detail, we will proceed to describe the installation and the process of transformation of organic waste of the present invention.

La instalación de transformación de residuos orgánicos comprende: The organic waste transformation facility includes:

unos medios de alimentación (1) de los residuos orgánicos. feeding means (1) for organic waste.

• una unidad de cogeneración (5) configurada para generar aire caliente y electricidad para la alimentación de la instalación y/o su derivación a una red de consumo, donde la unidad de cogeneración comprende una turbina de gas (6) y un generador eléctrico (7); • a cogeneration unit (5) configured to generate hot air and electricity to supply the installation and / or its derivation to a consumption network, where the cogeneration unit comprises a gas turbine (6) and an electric generator ( 7);

• un reactor (4) configurado para llevar a cabo una pirólisis y opcionalmente una gasificación de ios residuos orgánicos, donde el reactor (4) comprende un conjunto de muflas (2, 3) que a su vez comprende un primer subconjunto de muflas (2) y un segundo subconjunto de muflas (3); • a reactor (4) configured to carry out a pyrolysis and optionally a gasification of the organic waste, where the reactor (4) comprises a set of muffles (2, 3) which in turn comprises a first subset of muffles (2 ) and a second subset of muffles (3);

• una refinería (11) configurada para llevar a cabo una condensación fragmentada de los residuos orgánicos y de esta manera obtener productos útiles para la industria. • a refinery (11) configured to carry out a fragmented condensation of organic waste and thus obtain useful products for industry.

A través de los medios de alimentación (1), que preferentemente son una cinta transportadora, se carga el primer subconjunto (2) de muflas (2, 3) del reactor (4). Se pone en marcha la turbina de gas (6) de la unidad de cogeneración (5) para generar aire caliente, entre 500° y 800° C, que se conduce ai reactor (4) por un primer conducto (9) a partir de un extremo inferior (8) de dicho reactor (4). El aire residual de salida se canaliza a través de un sifón (10) dispuesto a la salida del reactor (4), configurado para canalizar el aire residual a la salida del reactor (4) y enviarlo a la refinería (11), donde el sifón comprende un serpentín intercambiador de calor (12) para aprovechar el calor residual en la refinería (11) y producir vapor antes de soltar el aire residual a la atmosfera Through the feeding means (1), which are preferably a conveyor belt, the first subset (2) of muffles (2, 3) is loaded from the reactor (4). The gas turbine (6) of the cogeneration unit (5) is started to generate hot air, between 500 ° and 800 ° C, which is led to the reactor (4) through a first duct (9) from a lower end (8) of said reactor (4). The outlet residual air is channeled through a siphon (10) arranged at the outlet of the reactor (4), configured to channel the residual air at the outlet of the reactor (4) and send it to the refinery (11), where the siphon it comprises a heat exchanger coil (12) to take advantage of the residual heat in the refinery (11) and produce steam before releasing the residual air into the atmosphere

En el interior del reactor (4) se calienta el primer subconjunto (2) de muflas (2, 3) durante 3-6 horas para producir la pirólisis de los residuos orgánicos dispuestos en el interior del primer subconjunto (2) de muflas (2, 3), hasta que queda en su interior la parte carbonosa (solida) de ios residuos orgánicos y se extraen ios gases que se conducen a la refinería (11) mediante la apertura del primer subconjunto (101) del primer conjunto (101 , 102) de válvulas configuradas para permitir/cerrar el paso de los gases de salida provenientes del reactor (4) para su entrada en la refinería (11) La duración de la etapa pirólisis viene determinada por un sensor óptico que determina la relentización de la salida de gas. Es entonces cuando se acciona una bomba de vacío para acelerar y extraer la totalidad de los gases residuales en las muflas. Transcurridos unos minutos, el sensor óptico determinará el final de la etapa de pirólisis. Inside the reactor (4) the first subset (2) of muffles (2, 3) is heated for 3-6 hours to produce the pyrolysis of the organic residues disposed inside the first subset (2) of muffles (2 , 3), until the carbonaceous (solid) part of the organic waste remains inside and the gases are extracted that are led to the refinery (11) by opening the first subset (101) of the first set (101, 102 ) of valves configured to allow / close the passage of exhaust gases from the reactor (4) for entry into the refinery (11) The duration of the pyrolysis stage is determined by an optical sensor that determines the slowdown of the output of gas. It is then when a vacuum pump is activated to accelerate and extract all the residual gases in the muffles. After a few minutes, the optical sensor will determine the end of the pyrolysis stage.

Cuando ha finalizado el paso de los gases de salida provenientes del reactor (4) para su entrada en la refinería (11) se cierra el primer subconjunto (101) de! primer conjunto (101 , 102) de válvulas y se procede al llenado del segundo subconjunto (3) de muflas (2, 3) que estaban vacías con residuos orgánicos procedentes de la cinta transportadora, se abre el primer subconjunto (111) del segundo conjunto de válvulas (111 , 112) configuradas para permitir/cerrar el paso de aire atmosférico enriquecido con oxígeno al interior del reactor (4) una vez que se ha llevado a cabo la pirólisis en el reactor (4) concretamente ai segundo subconjunto (3) de muflas (2, 3), que contienen el residuo carbonoso, y simultáneamente se abre el primer subconjunto (121) del tercer conjunto de válvulas (121 , 122) configuradas para permitir/cerrar el paso de unos gases de salida y condensados provenientes del reactor (4) para su entrada en la refinería (11) When the passage of the exhaust gases from the reactor (4) for its entry into the refinery (11) has finished, the first subset (101) of! first set (101, 102) of valves and the second subset (3) of muffles (2, 3) that were empty with organic residues from the conveyor belt is filled, the first subset (111) of the second set is opened of valves (111, 112) configured to allow / close the passage of atmospheric air enriched with oxygen to the interior of the reactor (4) once the pyrolysis has been carried out in the reactor (4) specifically to the second subset (3) of muffles (2, 3), containing the carbonaceous residue, and simultaneously the first subset (121) of the third set of valves (121, 122) configured to allow / close the passage of some exhaust gases and condensates from the reactor (4) for entering the refinery (11)

Este proceso se lleva a cabo de manera alterna para el primer (2) y segundo subconjunto (3) de muflas (2, 3) y sus correspondientes válvulas (101 , 102, 111 , 112, 121 , 122), tal y como está representado en la Figura 7. This process is carried out alternately for the first (2) and second subset (3) of muffles (2, 3) and their corresponding valves (101, 102, 111, 112, 121, 122), as is represented in Figure 7.

Al entrar en contacto el aire atmosférico con la parte carbonas del Interior de las muflas (2, 3), se produce la ignición espontánea de la parte carbonosa residual y se produce una reacción exotérmica. Este calor sumado al calor que produce la turbina de gas (6) produce la pirólisis en las muflas (2, 3) que se acaban de cargar con residuos orgánicos. De la reacción exotérmica de la parte carbonosa, además de producir calor, se producen gases (CO) que se canalizan a través del tercer conjunto de válvulas (121 , 122) de salida a un quemador de la turbina de gas (6) para contribuir a su alimentación. Esta es la etapa de gasificación. Dicha etapa de gasificación no tendría ningún problema si el carbón fuese de origen vegetal, ya que con la etapa de pirólisis se consigue extraer todos los productos orgánicos, pero no los inorgánicos. La propia naturaleza del carbono tiene la propiedad de absorber contaminantes de los productos que deben pasar por la etapa de gasificación. A parte del carbón, existen contaminantes como el azufre, plásticos tipo PVC que contienen gran cantidad de doro y otros residuos plásticos contienen cargas de sílice para darles rigidez. Los residuos de RSU (Residuos Sólidos Urbanos) contienen todo tipo de metales pesados, clorhídricos, y otros contaminantes. When the atmospheric air comes into contact with the carbon part of the Interior of the muffles (2, 3), spontaneous ignition of the residual carbonaceous part occurs and an exothermic reaction occurs. This heat added to the heat produced by the gas turbine (6) produces pyrolysis in the muffles (2, 3) that have just been loaded with organic waste. From the exothermic reaction of the carbonaceous part, in addition to producing heat, gases (CO) are produced that are channeled through the third set of outlet valves (121, 122) to a gas turbine burner (6) to contribute to your diet. This is the gasification stage. Said gasification stage would not have any problem if the coal were of vegetable origin, since with the pyrolysis stage it is possible to extract all organic products, but not inorganic ones. The very nature of carbon has the property of absorbing contaminants from products that must go through the gasification stage. Besides coal, there are pollutants such as sulfur, PVC-type plastics that contain a large amount of doro, and other plastic residues that contain silica fillers to make them stiff. RSU (Urban Solid Waste) wastes contain all kinds of heavy metals, hydrochloric, and other contaminants.

Para separar este tipo de residuos inorgánicos, ¡a refinaría (1 1) comprende un conjunto de destiladores (25) para separarlos del CO antes de enviarlos a la turbina (6). To separate this type of inorganic waste, the refinery (1 1) comprises a set of distillers (25) to separate them from the CO before sending them to the turbine (6).

El objetivo de la instalación y el procedimiento asociado es producir un gas CO limpio, para que no se produzcan daños al quemarlos en la turbina de gas (6) y poder agrupar individualmente los productos obtenidos para darles salida comercial. Para ello se conduce el gas CO y ios contaminantes a la refinería (11), teniendo en cuenta que el volumen de gases a tratar es sensiblemente inferior a los gases tratados en la etapa de pirólisis. The objective of the installation and the associated procedure is to produce a clean CO gas, so that no damage occurs when burned in the gas turbine (6) and to be able to individually group the products obtained to give them commercial outlet. For this, the CO gas and the pollutants are taken to the refinery (11), taking into account that the volume of gases to be treated is significantly less than the gases treated in the pyrolysis stage.

Por tanto, en el procedimiento en el primer subconjunto (2) de muflas (2, 3) se lleva a cabo la etapa de pirólisis y en el segundo subconjunto (3) de muflas (2, 3) se produce la etapa de gasificación que cede calor dentro del reactor (4) para contribuir a ia etapa de pirólisis. Este ciclo se repite continuamente y alternativamente. Therefore, in the procedure in the first subset (2) of muffles (2, 3) the pyrolysis step is carried out and in the second subset (3) of muffles (2, 3) the gasification step occurs which Heat is transferred into the reactor (4) to contribute to the pyrolysis stage. This cycle is repeated continuously and alternately.

Finalmente en la refinería (11) se nutre de los gases de ia etapa de pirólisis. Se produce ia condensación fragmentada mediante un conjunto de condensadores (15) configurados para llevar a cabo una condensación fragmentada de los residuos orgánicos. La refinería (11) comprende además un condensador muiti-tubo inclinado (16) configurado para extraer el 100% de los productos condensables de los gases de salida provenientes del reactor (4), preferentemente por decantación. Después de ios condensadores (15) tan solo queda un gas de alta pureza que contribuye a la alimentación de la turbina de gas (6). La refinería comprende una columna rectificadora (17) configurada para obtener hidrocarburos como queroseno, gasolina, gas-oil, aceite ligero, aceite denso, a partir de los gases de salida provenientes del reactor (4), que tienen una densidad máxima ai 0,98. Finally, in the refinery (11) it is fed by the gases from the pyrolysis stage. Fragmented condensation occurs through a set of condensers (15) configured to carry out fragmented condensation of organic waste. The refinery (11) also includes a muiti-inclined tube condenser (16) configured to extract 100% of the condensable products from the exhaust gases from the reactor (4), preferably by decantation. After the condensers (15) only a high purity gas remains which contributes to the supply of the gas turbine (6). The refinery comprises a rectifying column (17) configured to obtain hydrocarbons such as kerosene, gasoline, gas oil, light oil, dense oil, from the exhaust gases from the reactor (4), which have a maximum density of ai 0, 98.

En función del residuo tratado, se obtienen unas materias primas u otras: parafinas y sus refinados, hidrocarburos, aceites... Cuando se trata de residuos de madera, se obtienen ácidos piroleñosos que se utilizan como conservantes, barnices, etc. Depending on the treated waste, some raw materials or others are obtained: paraffins and their refined products, hydrocarbons, oils ... When it comes to wood waste, pyroleinous acids are obtained that are used as preservatives, varnishes, etc.

En la entrada de aire atmosférico a las muflas donde se va a producir la gasificación del residuo carbonoso, se inyecta vapor de agua con el objeto de regular la temperatura a la vez que se enriquece la salida de ios gases con hidrógeno. Este vapor de agua se obtiene haciendo pasar un serpentín por el intercambiador de calor (12) del aire residual de la salida del reactor (4). Todos los gases procedentes de la etapa de gasificación tienen una procedencia inorgánica y hay que depurarlos. Gradas a que los contaminantes tienen una densidad muy por encima de 1 son relativamente fáciles de separar del gas CO + HzO, que es el que se produce en la etapa degasificación. Una vez depurados los gases ya se pueden enviar el gas CO + H2O a ¡a turbina de gas (6) para contribuir a la alimentación del reactor (4). At the entrance of atmospheric air to the muffles where the gasification of the carbonaceous residue is going to take place, steam is injected in order to regulate the temperature while enriching the exit of the gases with hydrogen. This water vapor is obtained by passing a coil through the heat exchanger (12) of the residual air at the outlet of the reactor (4). All gases from the gasification stage have an inorganic origin and must be purified. Because the pollutants have a density well above 1, they are relatively easy to separate from the CO + HzO gas, which is produced in the gasification stage. Once the gases have been purified, the CO + H2O gas can be sent to the gas turbine (6) to help feed the reactor (4).

El reactor (4) dispone de un sensor de temperatura para regular la potencia de la turbina de gas (6). The reactor (4) has a temperature sensor to regulate the power of the gas turbine (6).

Las culatas (20) de las muflas (2, 3) son herméticas gracias a la disposición de un cierre cónico (21), una junta textil (22) (liconel), una junta tórica (23) y una junta refrigerada por agua (24). The cylinder heads (20) of the muffles (2, 3) are hermetic thanks to the provision of a conical seal (21), a textile seal (22) (liconel), an O-ring (23) and a water-cooled seal ( 24).

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES 1. instalación de transformación de residuos orgánicos caracterizada porque comprende: una unidad de cogeneración (5) configurada para generar aire caliente y electricidad para la alimentación de la instalación y/o su derivación a una red de consumo; 1. organic waste transformation facility characterized in that it comprises: a cogeneration unit (5) configured to generate hot air and electricity to supply the facility and / or its derivation to a consumption network; un reactor (4) configurado para llevar a cabo una pirólisis y opcionaimente una gasificación de ios residuos orgánicos; a reactor (4) configured to carry out a pyrolysis and optionally a gasification of the organic waste; una refinería (11 ) configurada para llevar a cabo una condensación fragmentada de ios residuos orgánicos a refinery (11) configured to carry out a fragmented condensation of organic waste 2. Instalación de transformación de residuos orgánicos según reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque la unidad de cogeneración (5) comprende una turbina de gas (8) configurada para generar aire caliente, preferentemente entre 500 y 800 °C. 2. Organic waste transformation plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the cogeneration unit (5) comprises a gas turbine (8) configured to generate hot air, preferably between 500 and 800 ° C. 3. Instalación de transformación de residuos orgánicos según reivindicación 2 caracterizado porque la turbina de gas (8) se encuentra conectada a un generador eléctrico (7). 3. Organic waste transformation facility according to claim 2, characterized in that the gas turbine (8) is connected to an electric generator (7). 4. Instalación de transformación de residuos orgánicos según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado porque comprende un primer conducto (9) configurado para trasladar el aire caliente de la unidad de cogeneración (5) al reactor (4). 4. Organic waste transformation plant according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a first duct (9) configured to transfer the hot air from the cogeneration unit (5) to the reactor (4). 5. instalación de transformación de residuos orgánicos según cualquiera de ias reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado porque comprende un sifón (10) dispuesto a la salida del reactor (4), configurado para canalizar el aire residual a la salida del reactor (4) y un serpentín (12) configurado para producir vapor que se enviará a ia refinería (11) 5. Organic waste transformation plant according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that it comprises a siphon (10) arranged at the outlet of the reactor (4), configured to channel the residual air at the outlet of the reactor (4) and a coil ( 12) configured to produce steam to be sent to the refinery (11) 6. Instalación de transformación de residuos orgánicos según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado porque el reactor (4) comprende un conjunto de muflas (2, 3) configuradas para recibir los residuos orgánicos. 6. Organic waste transformation plant according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reactor (4) comprises a set of muffles (2, 3) configured to receive the organic waste. 7. Instalación de transformación de residuos orgánicos según reivindicación 8 caracterizado porque el conjunto de muflas (2, 3) comprende un primer subconjunto (2) de muflas configuradas para recibir los residuos orgánicos de manera alterna a un segundo subconjunto (3) de muflas. 7. Organic waste transformation facility according to claim 8 characterized in that the set of muffles (2, 3) comprises a first subset (2) of muffles configured to receive organic waste alternately to a second subset (3) of muffles. 8. instalación de transformación de residuos orgánicos según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 6 ó 7 caracterizado porque el reactor (4) comprende un conjunto de culatas (20) configuradas para cerrar superiormente el conjunto de muflas (2, 3) dei reactor (4). 8. Organic waste transformation plant according to any of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the reactor (4) comprises a set of cylinder heads (20) configured to superiorly close the set of muffles (2, 3) of the reactor (4). 9. Instalación de transformación de residuos orgánicos según reivindicación 8 caracterizado porque el conjunto de culatas (20) comprenden un cierre cónico (21), una junta textil (22), una junta tórica (23) y una junta refrigerada por agua (24). 9. Organic waste transformation installation according to claim 8, characterized in that the cylinder head assembly (20) comprises a conical seal (21), a textile seal (22), an O-ring (23) and a water-cooled seal (24) . 10. instalación de transformación de residuos orgánicos según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado porque comprende unos medios de alimentación (1) configurados para transportar los residuos orgánicos ai conjunto de muflas (2, 3) dei reactor (4). 10. Organic waste transformation plant according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises feeding means (1) configured to transport the organic waste to the set of muffles (2, 3) of the reactor (4). 1 1. instalación de transformación de residuos orgánicos según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado porque el reactor (4) comprende además una bomba de vacío configurada para acelerar y extraer ios gases residuales presentes en el conjunto de muflas (2, 3) una vez que se ha llevado a cabo la pirólisis de ios residuos orgánicos. 1 1. organic waste transformation plant according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reactor (4) further comprises a vacuum pump configured to accelerate and extract the residual gases present in the set of muffles (2, 3) once Pyrolysis of organic waste has been carried out. 12. instalación de transformación de residuos orgánicos según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado porque comprende un primer conjunto de válvulas (101 , 102) configuradas para permitir/cerrar el paso de unos gases de salida provenientes dei reactor (4) para su entrada en la refinería (11) una vez que se ha llevado a cabo la pirólisis en el reactor (4). 12. Organic waste transformation plant according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a first set of valves (101, 102) configured to allow / close the passage of exhaust gases from the reactor (4) for entry into the refinery (11) once the pyrolysis has been carried out in the reactor (4). 13. Instalación de transformación de residuos orgánicos según reivindicación 12 caracterizado porque el primer conjunto de válvulas (101 , 102) comprende un primer subconjunto (102) de válvulas y un segundo subconjunto (102) de válvulas configurados de manera que cuando el primer subconjunto (101) de válvulas está configurado para permitir el paso de los gases de salida provenientes del reactor (4), el segundo subconjunto (102) de válvulas está configurado para cerrar el paso de los gases de salida provenientes del reactor (4), y viceversa. 13. Organic waste transformation installation according to claim 12, characterized in that the first valve assembly (101, 102) comprises a first valve subset (102) and a second valve subset (102) configured so that when the first subset ( 101) valve is configured to allow the passage of exhaust gases from the reactor (4), the second valve subset (102) is configured to shut off the exhaust gases from reactor (4), and vice versa. 14. instalación de transformación de residuos orgánicos según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado porque comprende un segundo conjunto de válvulas (111 , 112) configuradas para permitir/cerrar ei paso de aire atmosférico enriquecido con oxígeno ai interior del reactor (4) una vez que se ha llevado a cabo la pirólisis en el reactor (4). 14. Organic waste transformation installation according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a second set of valves (111, 112) configured to allow / close the passage of atmospheric air enriched with oxygen to the interior of the reactor (4) once Pyrolysis has been carried out in reactor (4). 15. Instalación de transformación de residuos orgánicos según reivindicación 12 caracterizado porque el segundo conjunto de válvulas (111 , 112) comprende un primer subconjunto (111) de válvulas y un segundo subconjunto (112) de válvulas configurados de manera que cuando el primer subconjunto (111) de válvulas está configurado para permitir el paso de aire atmosférico enriquecido con oxígeno a! interior del reactor (4), el segundo subconjunto (112) de válvulas está configurado para cerrar el paso de aire atmosférico enriquecido con oxígeno ai interior del reactor (4), y viceversa. 15. Organic waste transformation installation according to claim 12, characterized in that the second valve set (111, 112) comprises a first valve subset (111) and a second valve subset (112) configured so that when the first subset ( 111) valve is configured to allow oxygen enriched atmospheric air to pass through! Inside the reactor (4), the second subset (112) of valves is configured to close the passage of atmospheric air enriched with oxygen to the interior of the reactor (4), and vice versa. 16. Instalación de transformación de residuos orgánicos según reivindicaciones 13 y 15 caracterizado porque el primer conjunto (101 , 102) de válvulas y el segundo conjunto (111 , 112) de válvulas están configurados de manera que cuando ei primer subconjunto (101) del primer conjunto (101 , 102) de válvulas está configurado para permitir el paso de los gases de salida provenientes del primer subconjunto (2) de muflas (2, 3) del reactor (4), el primer subconjunto (111) del segundo conjunto (111 , 112) de válvulas está configurado para cerrar el paso de aire atmosférico enriquecido con oxígeno al primer subconjunto (2) de muflas (2, 3), el segundo subconjunto (102) del primer conjunto (101 , 102) de válvulas está configurado para cerrar el paso de ios gases de salida provenientes del segundo subconjunto (3) de muflas (2, 3) del reactor (4) y el segundo subconjunto (112) del segundo conjunto (111 , 112) de válvulas está configurado para permitir el paso de aire atmosférico enriquecido con oxígeno al primer subconjunto (2) de muflas (2, 3), y viceversa. 16. Organic waste transformation installation according to claims 13 and 15 characterized in that the first set (101, 102) of valves and the second set (111, 112) of valves are configured so that when the first subset (101) of the first valve assembly (101, 102) is configured to allow the passage of exhaust gases from the first subset (2) of muffles (2, 3) of the reactor (4), the first subset (111) of the second set (111 , 112) of valves is configured to shut off oxygen enriched atmospheric air to the first subset (2) of muffles (2, 3), the second subset (102) of the first set (101, 102) of valves is configured to closing the passage of the exhaust gases from the second subset (3) of muffles (2, 3) of the reactor (4) and the second subset (112) of the second set (111, 112) of valves is configured to allow the passage atmospheric air enriched with oxygen to the first subset (2) of muffles (2, 3), and vice versa. 17. Instalación de transformación de residuos orgánicos según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado porque comprende un tercer conjunto (121 , 122) de válvulas configuradas para permitir/cerrar el paso de unos gases de salida y condensados provenientes del reactor (4) para su entrada en ia refinería (4) una vez que se ha llevado a cabo la pirólisis y ia gasificación en el reactor (4). 17. Organic waste transformation installation according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a third set (121, 122) of valves configured to allow / close the passage of some exhaust gases and condensates from the reactor (4) for entry into the refinery (4) once the pyrolysis and gasification have been carried out in the reactor (4). 18. Instalación de transformación de residuos orgánicos según reivindicación 17 caracterizado porque ei tercer conjunto de válvulas (121 , 122) comprende un primer subconjunto (121) de válvulas y un segundo subconjunto (122) de válvulas configurados de manera que cuando el primer subconjunto (121) de válvulas está configurado para permitir el paso de los gases de salida y condensados provenientes del reactor (4), el segundo subconjunto (122) de válvulas está configurado para cerrar ei paso de los gases de salida y condensados provenientes del reactor (4), y viceversa 18. Organic waste transformation installation according to claim 17, characterized in that the third set of valves (121, 122) comprises a first subset (121) of valves and a second subset (122) of valves configured so that when the first subset ( 121) of valves is configured to allow the passage of the exhaust gases and condensates from the reactor (4), the second subset (122) of valves is configured to close the passage of the exhaust gases and condensates from the reactor (4 ), and vice versa 19. instalación de transformación de residuos orgánicos según reivindicaciones 16 y 18 caracterizado porque el tercer conjunto de válvulas (121 , 122) está configurado de manera que cuando ei primer subconjunto (111) del segundo conjunto (111 , 112) de válvulas está configurado para cerrar ei paso de aire atmosférico enriquecido con oxígeno al primer subconjunto (2) de muflas (2, 3), el primer subconjunto (121) del tercer conjunto (121 , 122) de válvulas está configurado para cerrar el paso de los gases de salida y condensados provenientes del primer subconjunto (2) de muflas (2, 3) del reactor (4) y cuando el segundo subconjunto (112) del segundo conjunto (111 , 112) de válvulas está configurado para permitir el paso de aire atmosférico enriquecido con oxígeno ai segundo subconjunto (3) de muflas (2, 3), el segundo subconjunto (122) del tercer conjunto (121 , 122) de válvulas está configurado para permitir el paso de los gases de salida y condensados provenientes del segundo subconjunto (3) de muflas (2, 3) del reactor (4), y viceversa. 19. Organic waste transformation installation according to claims 16 and 18, characterized in that the third set of valves (121, 122) is configured so that when the first subset (111) of the second set (111, 112) of valves is configured to closing the passage of atmospheric air enriched with oxygen to the first subset (2) of muffles (2, 3), the first subset (121) of the third set (121, 122) of valves is configured to close the passage of the exhaust gases and condensates from the first subset (2) of muffles (2, 3) of the reactor (4) and when the second subset (112) of the second set (111, 112) of valves is configured to allow the passage of atmospheric air enriched with oxygen to the second subset (3) of muffles (2, 3), the second subset (122) of the third set (121, 122) of valves is configured to allow the passage of exhaust gases and condensates from the second subset to (3) of muffles (2, 3) of the reactor (4), and vice versa. 20. instalación de transformación de residuos orgánicos según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado porque la refinería (11) comprende un conjunto de condensadores (15) configurados para llevar a cabo una condensación fragmentada de los residuos orgánicos. 20. Organic waste transformation plant according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the refinery (11) comprises a set of condensers (15) configured to carry out a fragmented condensation of the organic waste. 21. Instalación de transformación de residuos orgánicos según reivindicación 20 caracterizado porque la refinería (11) comprende un condensador multi-íubo indinado (16) configurado para extraer el 100% de los productos condensables de los gases de salida provenientes del reactor (4). 21. Organic waste transformation facility according to claim 20, characterized in that the refinery (11) comprises an indicated multi-tube condenser (16) configured to extract 100% of the condensable products from the exhaust gases from the reactor (4). 22. Instalación de transformación de residuos orgánicos según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado porque la refinería (11) comprende una columna rectificadora (17) configurada para obtener hidrocarburos como queroseno, gasolina, gas-oil, aceite ligero, aceite denso, a partir de los gases de salida provenientes del reactor (4). 22. Organic waste transformation facility according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the refinery (11) comprises a rectifying column (17) configured to obtain hydrocarbons such as kerosene, gasoline, gas-oil, light oil, dense oil, starting from the exhaust gases from the reactor (4). 23. instalación de transformación de residuos orgánicos según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado porque la refinería (11) comprende un conjunto de destiladores (25) para separarlos del CO antes de enviarlos a la turbina (6). 23. Organic waste transformation plant according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the refinery (11) comprises a set of stills (25) to separate them from the CO before sending them to the turbine (6). 24. Procedimiento de transformación de residuos orgánicos llevado a cabo con la instalación de cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque el procedimiento comprende: 24. Organic waste transformation procedure carried out with the installation of any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the procedure comprises: • una etapa de cogeneración donde se genera aire caliente y electricidad para la alimentación de la instalación y/o su derivación a una red de consumo; • a cogeneration stage where hot air and electricity are generated to supply the installation and / or its derivation to a consumption network; • una etapa de pirólisis y opcionalmente una etapa de gasificación de los residuos orgánicos; y • a pyrolysis stage and optionally a gasification stage of organic waste; and una etapa de condensación fragmentada de los residuos orgánicos. a stage of fragmented condensation of organic waste. 25. Procedimiento de transformación de residuos orgánicos según reivindicación 24 caracterizado porque en la etapa de cogeneración se genera aire caliente entre 500 y 800 °C. 25. Organic waste transformation procedure according to claim 24, characterized in that in the cogeneration stage hot air is generated between 500 and 800 ° C. 26. Procedimiento de transformación de residuos orgánicos según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 24 ó 25 caracterizado porque comprende una etapa de traslado del aire caliente al reactor entre la etapa de cogeneración y la etapa de pirólisis. 26. Organic waste transformation process according to any of claims 24 or 25, characterized in that it comprises a stage for transferring the hot air to the reactor between the cogeneration stage and the pyrolysis stage. 27. Procedimiento de transformación de residuos orgánicos según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 24 a 26 caracterizado porque comprende una etapa de alimentación del conjunto de muflas configuradas para recibir ios residuos orgánicos, donde esta etapa de alimentación es una etapa de alimentación alterna del primer subconjunto de muflas y del segundo subconjunto de muflas del conjunto de muflas del reactor. 27. Organic waste transformation procedure according to any of claims 24 to 26, characterized in that it comprises a feeding stage for the set of muffles configured to receive organic waste, where this feeding stage is an alternate feeding stage for the first subset of muffles and of the second muffle subset of the reactor muffle assembly. 28. Procedimiento de transformación de residuos orgánicos según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 224 a 27 caracterizado porque comprende, entre la etapa de pirólisis y ¡a etapa de condensación fragmentada, una etapa de apertura del primer subconjunto de! primer conjunto de válvulas configuradas para permitir/cerrar el paso de unos gases de salida provenientes de! reactor para su entrada en la refinería y una etapa de cierre de! segundo subconjunto del primer conjunto de válvulas configuradas para permítir/cerrar el paso de unos gases de salida provenientes de! reactor para su entrada en la refinería o viceversa. 28. Organic waste transformation process according to any of claims 224 to 27, characterized in that it comprises, between the pyrolysis step and fragmented condensation stage, an opening stage of the first subset of! first set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of some exhaust gases coming from! reactor for its entry into the refinery and a closing stage of! second subset of the first set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of some exhaust gases coming from! reactor for entry into the refinery or vice versa. 29. Procedimiento de transformación de residuos orgánicos según reivindicación 28 caracterizado porque comprende, entre la etapa de pirólisis y la etapa de condensación fragmentada, una etapa de apertura del primer subconjunto del segundo conjunto de válvulas configuradas para permitir/cerrar el paso de aire atmosférico enriquecido con oxígeno ai interior del reactor y una etapa de cierre del segundo subconjunto del segundo conjunto de válvulas configuradas para permitir/cerrar el paso de aire atmosférico enriquecido con oxígeno al interior del reactor o viceversa. 29. Organic waste transformation procedure according to claim 28, characterized in that it comprises, between the pyrolysis stage and the fragmented condensation stage, an opening stage of the first subset of the second set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of enriched atmospheric air with oxygen to the interior of the reactor and a stage of closing the second subset of the second set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of atmospheric air enriched with oxygen to the interior of the reactor or vice versa. 30. Procedimiento de transformación de residuos orgánicos según reivindicación 29 caracterizado porque la etapa de apertura de! primer subconjunto del primer conjunto de válvulas configuradas para permitir/cerrar ei paso de unos gases de salida provenientes del reactor para su entrada en la refinería y la etapa de cierre del segundo subconjunto del primer conjunto de válvulas configuradas para permitir/cerrar el paso de unos gases de salida provenientes del reactor para su entrada en la refinería se llevan a cabo a la vez que la etapa de apertura de! primer subconjunto de! segundo conjunto de válvulas configuradas para permitir/cerrar el paso de aire atmosférico enriquecido con oxígeno al interior del reactor y la etapa de cierre del segundo subconjunto del segundo conjunto de válvulas configuradas para permitir/cerrar el paso de aíre atmosférico enriquecido con oxígeno al interior del reactor o viceversa. 30. Organic waste transformation procedure according to claim 29, characterized in that the opening step of! first subset of the first set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of exhaust gases from the reactor for entry into the refinery and the closing stage of the second subset of the first set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of some Exhaust gases from the reactor for its entry into the refinery are carried out at the same time as the opening stage of! first subset of! second set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of atmospheric air enriched with oxygen to the interior of the reactor and the closing stage of the second subset of the second set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of atmospheric air enriched with oxygen to the interior of the reactor or vice versa. 31. Procedimiento de transformación de residuos orgánicos según reivindicación 30 caracterizado porque comprende, entre la etapa de pirólisis y gasificación y la etapa de condensación fragmentada, una etapa de apertura del primer subconjunto de válvulas del tercer conjunto de válvulas configurado para permitir/cerrar ei paso de los gases de salida y condensados provenientes del reactor para su entrada en la refinería y una etapa de cierre del segundo subconjunto de válvulas del tercer conjunto de válvulas configurado para permitir/cerrar el paso de los gases de salida y condensados provenientes de! reactor para su entrada en la refinería o viceversa. 31. Organic waste transformation process according to claim 30, characterized in that it comprises, between the pyrolysis and gasification stage and the fragmented condensation stage, an opening step of the first subset of valves of the third set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of the exhaust gases and condensates coming from the reactor for its entry into the refinery and a closing stage of the second subset of valves of the third set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of the exhaust gases and condensates coming from! reactor for entry into the refinery or vice versa. 32. Procedimiento de transformación de residuos orgánicos según reivindicación 31 caracterizado porque ia etapa de apertura dei primer subconjunto de válvulas dei tercer conjunto de válvulas configurado para permitlr/cerrar el paso de los gases de salida y condensados provenientes dei reactor para su entrada en la refinería y la etapa de cierre del segundo subconjunto de válvulas del tercer conjunto de válvulas configurado para permitir/cerrar el paso de los gases de salida y condensados provenientes del reactor para su entrada en la refinería se llevan a cabo a ia vez que ia etapa de apertura del primer subconjunto de válvulas del segundo conjunto de válvulas configuradas para permitir/cerrar e! paso de aire atmosférico enriquecido con oxigeno al interior de! reactor y ia etapa de cierre del segundo subconjunto de válvulas del segundo conjunto de válvulas configuradas para permitir/cerrar el paso de aire atmosférico enriquecido con oxígeno al interior del reactor o viceversa. 32. Organic waste transformation procedure according to claim 31, characterized in that the opening stage of the first subset of valves of the third set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of exhaust gases and condensates from the reactor for entry into the refinery and the closing stage of the second subset of valves of the third set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of exhaust gases and condensates from the reactor for its entry into the refinery are carried out at the same time as the opening stage of the first valve subset of the second valve set configured to allow / close e! passage of atmospheric air enriched with oxygen inside! reactor and the closing stage of the second subset of valves of the second set of valves configured to allow / close the passage of atmospheric air enriched with oxygen to the interior of the reactor or vice versa. 33. Procedimiento de transformación de residuos orgánicos según cualquiera reivindicaciones 24 a 32 caracterizado porque la etapa de condensación fragmentada de ¡os residuos orgánicos comprende una etapa de decantación para extraer el 100% de los productos condensables de los gases de salida provenientes del reactor. 33. Organic waste transformation process according to any of claims 24 to 32, characterized in that the fragmented condensation stage of the organic waste comprises a settling step to extract 100% of the condensable products from the exhaust gases coming from the reactor. 34. Procedimiento de transformación de residuos orgánicos según cualquiera reivindicaciones 24 a 33 caracterizado porque Opcionalmente, la etapa de condensación fragmentada de los residuos orgánicos comprende una etapa de obtención hidrocarburos como queroseno, gasolina, gas-oil, aceite ligero, aceite denso, a partir de los gases de salida provenientes del reactor. 34. Procedure for the transformation of organic waste according to any of claims 24 to 33, characterized in that, optionally, the step of fragmented condensation of the organic waste comprises a step of obtaining hydrocarbons such as kerosene, gasoline, gas-oil, light oil, dense oil, starting from of the exhaust gases from the reactor. 35. Procedimiento de transformación de residuos orgánicos según cualquiera reivindicaciones 24 a 34 caracterizado porque comprende una etapa de contribución a ia alimentación de la turbina de gas con un gas de salida proveniente del condensador multí-tubo inclinado. 35. Procedure for transforming organic waste according to any of claims 24 to 34, characterized in that it comprises a stage of contribution to the supply of the gas turbine with an exhaust gas from the inclined multi-tube condenser.
PCT/ES2019/070846 2018-12-28 2019-12-13 Facility for the transformation of organic waste and associated procedure Ceased WO2020136291A1 (en)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US5798497A (en) * 1995-02-02 1998-08-25 Battelle Memorial Institute Tunable, self-powered integrated arc plasma-melter vitrification system for waste treatment and resource recovery
ES2327019A1 (en) * 2008-04-21 2009-10-22 Jose Grau Almirall Procedure of pyrolysis of a biomass load and subsequent gasification of the carbon obtained through such pirolisis and reactor to carry out it (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
US20110239620A1 (en) * 2008-12-29 2011-10-06 Sergey Vasiljevich Pashkin Method for processing organic waste and a device for carrying out said method
RU2482160C1 (en) * 2011-11-24 2013-05-20 Алексей Викторович Тимофеев Method for thermal processing of organic material and apparatus for realising said method
RU2013133599A (en) * 2013-07-18 2015-02-10 Александр Адамович Лемешевский BIOCOMPLEX
WO2018009410A1 (en) * 2016-07-08 2018-01-11 Aemerge Llc Plasma arc carbonizer

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5798497A (en) * 1995-02-02 1998-08-25 Battelle Memorial Institute Tunable, self-powered integrated arc plasma-melter vitrification system for waste treatment and resource recovery
ES2327019A1 (en) * 2008-04-21 2009-10-22 Jose Grau Almirall Procedure of pyrolysis of a biomass load and subsequent gasification of the carbon obtained through such pirolisis and reactor to carry out it (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
US20110239620A1 (en) * 2008-12-29 2011-10-06 Sergey Vasiljevich Pashkin Method for processing organic waste and a device for carrying out said method
RU2482160C1 (en) * 2011-11-24 2013-05-20 Алексей Викторович Тимофеев Method for thermal processing of organic material and apparatus for realising said method
RU2013133599A (en) * 2013-07-18 2015-02-10 Александр Адамович Лемешевский BIOCOMPLEX
WO2018009410A1 (en) * 2016-07-08 2018-01-11 Aemerge Llc Plasma arc carbonizer

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