WO2020152759A1 - Solid fuel manufacturing device and solid fuel manufacturing method - Google Patents

Abstract

A solid fuel manufacturing device 100 is provided with accommodating tanks (first accommodating tank 112 and second accommodating tank 114) for accommodating a biomass raw material and water, a dehydration unit 120 for dehydrating the biomass raw material, a drying unit 140 for drying the dehydrated biomass raw material, a molding unit 160 for molding the dried biomass raw material, and a liquid waste supply unit 170 for supplying liquid waste generated in the accommodating tanks or liquid waste generated in the dehydration unit to any one or a plurality of biomass raw materials from among biomass raw material derived from the drying unit, biomass raw material derived from the molding unit, and biomass raw material in the molding unit.

Description

Solid fuel manufacturing apparatus and solid fuel manufacturing method

The present disclosure relates to a solid fuel manufacturing device and a solid fuel manufacturing method.

In recent years, technologies for effectively utilizing lignocellulosic biomass such as herbaceous biomass and woody biomass as fuel have been developed. The herbaceous biomass is, for example, a palm-derived biomass, a bamboo-derived product, a rice-derived product, or a thin (Susuki)-derived biomass. The biomass derived from palm palm is, for example, empty fruit bunch (EFB: Empty Fruit Bunch), palm waste old tree (OPT: Oil Palm Trunk), palm palm shell (PKS: Palm Kernel Shell), and the like. Woody biomass is wood, sawdust, bark, and the like.

As a technique for processing a biomass raw material into a solid fuel, a method for producing a biomass fuel including a water washing desalting step, a drying step, a crushing step, and a molding step is disclosed (for example, Patent Document 1). In the water washing and desalting step, the by-product (palm oil by-product) generated in the crude palm oil pressing process is washed with water and desalted. In the drying step, the palm oil by-product after desalting with water is dried. The crushing step crushes the palm oil by-product after the drying process. In the molding step, the crushed palm oil by-product is molded into pellets (solid fuel).

If the solid fuel production facility and the solid fuel utilization facility are separated, it is necessary to transport the solid fuel. The toughness (also referred to as robustness or durability) of the solid fuel is required so that the solid fuel is not damaged during transportation.

Therefore, a technology has been developed to improve the toughness of solid fuels by adding additives such as starch, lignin, lime and molasses when molding a biomass material (for example, Non-Patent Document 1).

International Publication No. 2017/014028

Additives in biomass pellet making(http://www.biofuelmachines.com/Additives-in-biomass-pellet-making.html)

However, the technique of adding the above-mentioned additive has a problem that the additive requires cost.

In view of the above problems, the present disclosure aims to provide a solid fuel production apparatus and a solid fuel production method capable of producing a tough solid fuel at low cost.

In order to solve the above problems, a solid fuel production apparatus according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes a storage tank that stores a biomass raw material and water, a dehydration unit that dehydrates the biomass raw material, and a drying that dehydrates the dehydrated biomass raw material. Section, a molding unit that molds the dried biomass material, a biomass material that is guided to the drying unit, a biomass material that is guided to the molding unit, and a biomass material in the molding unit. And a waste liquid supply unit that supplies the waste liquid generated in the storage tank or the waste liquid generated in the dehydration unit.

Also, the molding unit may mold the dried biomass raw material and the waste liquid in a mixed state.

Also, the waste liquid supply unit may be provided with a separation unit that separates the waste liquid generated in the storage tank or the waste liquid generated in the dehydration unit into waste water and oil.

Moreover, the waste liquid supply unit may be provided with a separation unit for separating the waste liquid generated in the storage tank or the waste liquid generated in the dehydration unit into waste water and oil.

Also, the biomass raw material may be biomass derived from palm palm.

In order to solve the above problems, a method for producing a solid fuel according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes a step of contacting a biomass raw material with water for washing, and a step of dehydrating a solid-liquid mixture generated in the washing step, A step of drying the dehydrated biomass raw material, a step of molding the dried biomass raw material, a step of drying, or a waste liquid generated in the step of washing in the step of molding, or a waste liquid generated in the step of dehydrating Is supplied to the biomass raw material.

It becomes possible to manufacture strong solid fuel at low cost.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a solid fuel production device according to a first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a processing flow of the solid fuel production method according to the first embodiment. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the durability of the first example and the first comparative example. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a solid fuel manufacturing device according to the second embodiment. FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a processing flow of the solid fuel production method according to the second embodiment. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the durability of the second example and the second comparative example. FIG. 7: is a figure explaining the solid fuel manufacturing apparatus concerning 3rd Embodiment.

Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The dimensions, materials, and other specific numerical values shown in the embodiments are merely examples for facilitating understanding, and do not limit the present disclosure unless otherwise specified. In this specification and the drawings, elements having substantially the same function and configuration are denoted by the same reference numerals to omit redundant description, and elements not directly related to the present disclosure are omitted. To do.

[First Embodiment: Solid Fuel Manufacturing Apparatus 100]
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a solid fuel manufacturing apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, the solid fuel production apparatus 100 includes a cleaning unit 110, a dehydration unit 120, a primary cutting unit 130, a drying unit 140, a secondary cutting unit 150, a molding unit 160, and a waste liquid supply unit 170. Including and Note that, in FIG. 1, solid arrows indicate the flow of the biomass raw material. In addition, in FIG. 1, a dashed arrow indicates the flow of waste liquid.

The cleaning unit 110 cleans the biomass raw material. Specifically, the cleaning unit 110 is configured to include a first storage tank 112 (storage tank), a second storage tank 114 (storage tank), and a transport unit 116. The first storage tank 112 and the second storage tank 114 store (store) water. The transport unit 116 is, for example, a conveyor. The transport unit 116 first introduces the biomass raw material into the first storage tank 112. As a result, the first storage tank 112 stores the biomass raw material and water. Then, the transport unit 116 brings the biomass raw material into contact with the water stored in the first storage tank 112 for a predetermined time, then takes out the biomass raw material from the first storage tank 112 and transfers it to the second storage tank 114 at the subsequent stage. .. Thereby, the 2nd storage tank 114 will store a biomass raw material and water. Subsequently, the transport unit 116 brings the biomass raw material into contact with the water stored in the second storage tank 114 for a predetermined time, then takes out the biomass raw material from the second storage tank 114 and transports the biomass raw material to the dehydration unit 120 in the subsequent stage.

The biomass raw material is biomass derived from palm palm. The biomass raw material is, for example, EFB (empty fruit cluster) or OPT (old palm waste tree).

The dehydration unit 120 is composed of a filter press machine, a screw press machine, and the like. The dehydrating unit 120 dehydrates the biomass raw material transported by the transporting unit 116.

The primary cutting unit 130 cuts (primary cutting) the biomass raw material dehydrated by the dehydrating unit 120 into, for example, about 5 cm. The biomass raw material cut (crushed) by the primary cutting unit 130 is conveyed to the drying unit 140 in the subsequent stage.

The drying unit 140 dries the biomass raw material cut by the primary cutting unit 130. The drying unit 140 dries the biomass raw material until the water content becomes about 10%, for example. The biomass material dried by the drying unit 140 is conveyed to the secondary cutting unit 150 at the subsequent stage.

The secondary cutting unit 150 cuts (secondary cutting) the dried biomass material into, for example, about 1 cm. The biomass raw material cut by the secondary cutting unit 150 is conveyed to the subsequent molding unit 160.

The molding unit 160 molds the secondary cut biomass material to generate pellets (for example, columnar shape or prismatic shape). More specifically, the molding unit 160 first mixes the biomass raw material and a liquid (for example, water or the like) to generate a kneaded product. Then, the molding unit 160 molds the kneaded material to manufacture pellets (solid fuel).

In the present embodiment, the molding unit 160 molds (pellets) the waste liquid supplied by the waste liquid supply unit 170 described later and the biomass raw material in a mixed state.

The waste liquid supply unit 170 is composed of, for example, a pump. The waste liquid supply unit 170 supplies the waste liquid generated in the dehydration unit 120 to the biomass raw material in the molding unit 160. The waste liquid supply unit 170 supplies the waste liquid in an amount of 15% by mass or less, which is greater than 0% by mass of the biomass raw material.

[Fuel production method]
Next, a solid fuel manufacturing method using the solid fuel manufacturing apparatus 100 will be described. FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a processing flow of the solid fuel manufacturing method according to the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 2, the solid fuel manufacturing method of this embodiment includes a cleaning step S110, a dehydration step S120, a primary cutting step S130, a drying step S140, a secondary cutting step S150, and a supply step S160. The molding process S170 is included.

[Cleaning step S110]
The cleaning step S110 is a step in which the cleaning unit 110 contacts the biomass raw material and water to wash the biomass raw material.

[Dehydration step S120]
The dehydration step S120 is a step in which the dehydration section 120 dehydrates the solid-liquid mixture generated in the cleaning step S110. The solid-liquid mixture is a mixture of biomass raw material and water (waste liquid).

[Primary cutting step S130]
The primary cutting step S130 is a step in which the primary cutting unit 130 cuts the biomass raw material dehydrated in the dehydration step S120.

[Drying process S140]
The drying step S140 is a step in which the drying unit 140 dries the biomass raw material cut in the primary cutting step S130.

[Secondary cutting step S150]
The secondary cutting step S150 is a step in which the secondary cutting unit 150 cuts the biomass material dried in the drying step S140.

[Supply process S160]
The supply step S160 is a step in which the waste liquid supply unit 170 supplies the waste liquid generated in the dehydration process S120 to the biomass raw material in the molding unit 160.

[Molding process S170]
In the molding step S170, first, the molding unit 160 mixes the waste liquid supplied in the supply step S160 with the biomass raw material cut in the secondary cutting step S150 to generate a kneaded product. And the shaping|molding part 160 shape|molds a kneaded material and manufactures solid fuel.

As described above, the solid fuel production apparatus 100 of the present embodiment and the solid fuel production method using the same include the cleaning unit 110 (first storage tank 112, second storage tank 114). Thereby, the ash content (for example, potassium (K)) contained in the biomass raw material can be removed.

Further, the solid fuel manufacturing device 100 includes a waste liquid supply unit 170. Therefore, the solid fuel manufacturing device 100 mixes the waste liquid with the biomass raw material and molds it. The liquid waste contains lignin, palm oil, and the like. That is, the solid fuel manufacturing apparatus 100 uses the waste liquid originally discarded as an additive for improving the toughness of the solid fuel. Therefore, the solid fuel manufacturing apparatus 100 can reduce the cost required for the additive and improve the toughness (durability) of the solid fuel.

Further, in the present embodiment, the waste liquid supply unit 170 supplies the waste liquid to the biomass raw material in the molding unit 160. Accordingly, the molding unit 160 can mix the biomass raw material and the waste liquid. Therefore, as compared with the case where the waste liquid is supplied to the preceding stage of the molding unit 160 (the primary cutting unit 130, the drying unit 140, or the secondary cutting unit 150), the solid fuel manufacturing apparatus 100 efficiently uses the waste liquid as a biomass raw material. It becomes possible to disperse. That is, the solid fuel manufacturing apparatus 100 can evenly spread the waste liquid over the biomass raw material. Therefore, the solid fuel manufacturing apparatus 100 can improve the toughness of the solid fuel without any bias.

Further, as described above, the waste liquid supply unit 170 supplies the waste liquid in an amount of 15% by mass or less, which exceeds 0% by mass of the biomass raw material. When the waste liquid in excess of 15% by mass of the biomass raw material is supplied, the toughness may decrease and the ash content in the solid fuel increases. Therefore, the waste liquid supply unit 170 can supply the waste liquid of 15% by mass or less of the biomass raw material to the biomass raw material, thereby improving the toughness of the solid fuel while reducing the ash content.

Further, the solid fuel production device 100 produces a solid fuel by using the palm palm-derived biomass as a biomass raw material. This makes it possible to effectively use the originally discarded biomass derived from palm palm as a solid fuel.

[First Embodiment]
The durability of the solid fuel manufactured using the solid fuel manufacturing apparatus 100 (first example) and the solid fuel manufactured without mixing the waste liquid (first comparative example) was measured. In addition, in the 1st Example and the 1st Comparative Example, EFB was used as a biomass raw material.

The durability was also measured according to the European standard EN15210-1 for wood pellets. More specifically, the pellets (the first example or the first comparative example) were housed on a sieve in a box provided with a sieve having a circular hole diameter (nominal opening) of 3.15 mm. Then, the box was rotated 500 times at 50 rpm. Then, the amount of pellets on the sieve (the first example or the first comparative example) was measured. Then, the durability was calculated from the following formula (1).

Durability = (amount of pellets on sieve after rotation) / (amount of pellets on sieve before rotation) Equation (1)
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the durability of the first example and the first comparative example. In FIG. 3, white circles indicate the first embodiment. In FIG. 3, white squares indicate the first comparative example.

As shown in FIG. 3, the durability was 0.4 in the first comparative example. On the other hand, in the first example, the durability was 0.6 when the addition rate of the waste liquid was 1.9 mass% (wt %). In addition, in the first example, the durability was 0.7 when the addition rate of the waste liquid was 9.2 mass %.

From the above results, it was confirmed that the durability of the solid fuel is higher when the waste liquid is added. It was also found that the higher the addition rate of the waste liquid, the higher the durability of the solid fuel.

[Second Embodiment: Solid Fuel Manufacturing Apparatus 200]
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a solid fuel manufacturing device 200 according to the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 4, the solid fuel production apparatus 200 includes a cleaning unit 110, a dehydration unit 120, a primary cutting unit 130, a drying unit 140, a secondary cutting unit 150, a molding unit 160, and a separating unit 210. And a waste liquid supply unit 270. In FIG. 4, solid arrows indicate the flow of the biomass raw material. In addition, in FIG. 4, dashed arrows indicate flows of waste liquid, waste water, and oil. The constituent elements that are substantially the same as those of the solid fuel manufacturing apparatus 100 are designated by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted.

The separation unit 210 separates the waste liquid generated in the dehydration unit 120 into waste water and oil. The separation unit 210 is composed of, for example, a sedimentation separator. The settling separator includes a retention tank. The retention tank retains the waste liquid and separates it by gravity into an upper layer containing oil and a lower layer containing waste water.

The waste liquid supply unit 270 is composed of, for example, a pump. The waste liquid supply unit 270 supplies the oil component separated by the separation unit 210 to the biomass raw material in the molding unit 160. The waste liquid supply unit 270 supplies waste liquid in an amount of 15% by mass or less, which exceeds 0% by mass of the biomass raw material. Further, in the present embodiment, the waste liquid supply unit 270 applies the oil component separated by the separation unit 210 to the pellets molded by the molding unit 160.

[Solid fuel manufacturing method]
Subsequently, a solid fuel manufacturing method using the solid fuel manufacturing apparatus 200 will be described. FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a processing flow of the solid fuel production method according to the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 5, the solid fuel manufacturing method of this embodiment includes a cleaning step S110, a dehydration step S120, a primary cutting step S130, a drying step S140, a secondary cutting step S150, and a molding step S260. It includes a separation step S270 and a supply step S280. In addition, about the processing substantially equal to the solid fuel manufacturing method described in the first embodiment, the same reference numerals are given and the description thereof is omitted.

[Molding process S260]
The molding step S260 is a step in which the molding unit 160 molds the biomass raw material cut in the secondary cutting step S150.

[Separation step S270]
The separation step S270 is a step in which the separation unit 210 separates the waste liquid generated in the dehydration step S120 into waste water and oil.

[Supply process S280]
The supply step S280 is a step in which the waste liquid supply section 270 supplies (applies) the oil component separated in the separation step S270 to the pellets molded in the molding step S260.

As described above, the solid fuel production apparatus 200 and the solid fuel production method using the same according to the present embodiment utilize the originally discarded oil as an additive for improving the toughness of the solid fuel. The oil component includes palm oil and the like. Therefore, the solid fuel manufacturing apparatus 200 can reduce the cost required for the additive and improve the toughness (durability) of the solid fuel.

[Second Embodiment]
The durability of the second example produced by applying palm oil to the solid fuel and the solid fuel produced without applying the palm oil (second comparative example) were measured. In addition, in the 2nd Example and the 2nd comparative example, EFB was used as a biomass raw material. The durability was measured in accordance with European standard EN15210-1 for wood pellets, as in the first embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the durability of the second example and the second comparative example. In FIG. 6, black circles indicate the second embodiment. In FIG. 6, black squares indicate the second comparative example.

As shown in FIG. 6, in the second comparative example, the durability was 0.90. On the other hand, in the second example, when the application rate of palm oil was 1.0 mass% (wt %), the durability was 0.92. In addition, in the second example, when the application rate of palm oil was 2.0% by mass, the durability was 0.96.

From the above results, it was confirmed that the durability of solid fuel was higher when palm oil was applied. It was also found that the higher the application rate of palm oil, the higher the durability of the solid fuel.

[Third Embodiment: Solid Fuel Manufacturing Apparatus 300]
FIG. 7: is a figure explaining the solid fuel manufacturing apparatus 300 concerning 3rd Embodiment. As shown in FIG. 7, the solid fuel production apparatus 300 includes a cleaning unit 110, a dehydration unit 120, a primary cutting unit 130, a drying unit 140, a secondary cutting unit 150, a molding unit 160, and a separation unit 210. The waste liquid supply unit 270 and the selection unit 310 are included. In FIG. 7, solid arrows indicate the flow of the biomass raw material. Further, in FIG. 7, broken line arrows indicate flows of waste liquid, waste water, and oil. The constituent elements substantially the same as those of the solid fuel producing apparatuses 100 and 200 are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.

The sorting unit 310 sorts the biomass raw material cut by the secondary cutting unit 150 into a biomass raw material having a predetermined size or more and a biomass raw material having a predetermined size or less. The selection unit 310 is composed of, for example, a screen. The predetermined size is, for example, 0.5 cm.

The biomass raw material having a size equal to or larger than the predetermined size selected by the selection unit 310 is conveyed to the molding unit 160. On the other hand, the biomass material having a size smaller than the predetermined size, which is selected by the selection unit 310, is conveyed to the drying unit 140. In this embodiment, the drying unit 140 uses a biomass raw material having a size smaller than a predetermined size as a fuel.

As described above, the solid fuel manufacturing device 300 according to this embodiment includes the selection unit 310. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the supply of the biomass raw material having a size smaller than the predetermined size to the molding unit 160. Therefore, the molding unit 160 can mold a biomass material having a predetermined size or more to generate pellets. Thereby, the solid fuel manufacturing apparatus 300 can improve the toughness of the solid fuel.

Although one embodiment has been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it goes without saying that the present disclosure is not limited to the above embodiment. It is obvious that those skilled in the art can think of various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, and those modifications and alterations are naturally included in the technical scope of the present disclosure. It

For example, in the above-mentioned embodiment, as an example of the biomass raw material, biomass derived from palm palm has been exemplified. However, the type of biomass raw material is not limited. For example, the biomass raw material may be a grass-based biomass derived from bamboo, rice, or thin (Susuki), or wood-based biomass such as wood, sawdust, and bark.

In addition, in the above-described embodiment, the configuration in which the cleaning unit 110 includes the first storage tank 112 and the second storage tank 114 is taken as an example. However, the solid fuel producing devices 100, 200, and 300 may be provided with at least one storage tank that stores the biomass raw material and water.

In addition, in the above-described first embodiment, the case where the waste liquid supply unit 170 supplies the waste liquid generated in the dehydration unit 120 to the biomass raw material in the molding unit 160 is taken as an example. However, the waste liquid supply unit 170 may supply the waste liquid generated in the first storage tank 112 or the second storage tank 114 to the biomass raw material in the molding unit 160. The oil content is such that the waste liquid generated in the dehydration section 120>the waste liquid generated in the first storage tank 112>the waste liquid generated in the second storage tank 114. The content rate of lignin is: waste liquid generated in the first storage tank 112>waste liquid generated in the dehydration section 120>waste liquid generated in the second storage tank 114. Therefore, the waste liquid supply unit 170 may appropriately adjust the collection position of the waste liquid so as to achieve the desired durability.

In addition, in the above-described first embodiment, the case where the waste liquid supply unit 170 supplies the waste liquid to the biomass raw material in the molding unit 160 is taken as an example. However, the waste liquid supply unit 170 may supply the waste liquid to the biomass raw material guided to the drying unit 140 or the biomass raw material guided to the molding unit 160. Similarly, the waste liquid supply unit 270 may supply the oil component to the biomass raw material guided to the drying unit 140 or the biomass raw material guided to the molding unit 160. That is, the waste liquid supply unit 170 and the waste liquid supply unit 270 are composed of the biomass raw material after being dehydrated by the dehydrating unit 120, the biomass raw material inside the primary cutting unit 130, the biomass raw material after being primary cutting by the primary cutting unit 130, and the drying unit Waste liquid (oil content) in the biomass raw material in 140, the biomass raw material dried in the drying unit 140, the biomass raw material in the secondary cutting unit 150, or the biomass raw material after the secondary cutting in the secondary cutting unit 150. May be supplied.

Further, in the second embodiment, the case where the waste liquid supply unit 270 supplies the oil component separated by the separation unit 210 to the biomass raw material is taken as an example. However, the waste liquid supply unit 270 may supply the waste water separated by the separation unit 210 to the biomass raw material.

Further, in the second embodiment, the case where the separation unit 210 separates the waste liquid generated by the dehydration unit 120 into waste water and oil content is taken as an example. However, the separation unit 210 may separate the waste liquid generated in the first storage tank 112 or the second storage tank 114 into waste water and oil. The wastewater contains lignin and the like. That is, the solid fuel manufacturing apparatus 200 uses the waste water originally discarded as an additive for improving the toughness of the solid fuel. Therefore, the solid fuel manufacturing apparatus 200 can reduce the cost required for the additive and improve the toughness (durability) of the solid fuel.

Further, in the above embodiment, the solid fuel manufacturing apparatuses 100, 200 and 300 are provided with the primary cutting unit 130 and the secondary cutting unit 150 as an example. However, the primary cutting unit 130 and the secondary cutting unit 150 are not essential configurations.

The present disclosure can be used for a solid fuel manufacturing device and a solid fuel manufacturing method.

100 Solid Fuel Manufacturing Device 112 First Storage Tank (Storage Tank)
114 Second storage tank (storage tank)
130 Primary cutting unit 140 Drying unit 160 Molding unit 170 Waste liquid supply unit 200 Solid fuel manufacturing device 210 Separation unit 270 Waste liquid supply unit

Claims (6)

A storage tank for storing the biomass raw material and water,
A dehydration unit for dehydrating the biomass raw material,
A drying unit for drying the dehydrated biomass raw material,
A molding unit for molding the dried biomass material,
A waste liquid generated in the storage tank in any one or a plurality of biomass raw materials of the biomass raw material guided to the drying unit, the biomass raw material guided to the molding unit, and the biomass raw material in the molding unit, Alternatively, a waste liquid supply unit that supplies the waste liquid generated in the dehydration unit,
A solid fuel production apparatus comprising: The solid fuel production apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the molding unit molds the dried biomass raw material and the waste liquid in a mixed state. A waste liquid generated in the storage tank, or a waste liquid generated in the dehydration unit, a separation unit for separating waste water and oil,
The solid fuel manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the waste liquid supply unit supplies the oil component. A waste liquid generated in the storage tank, or a waste liquid generated in the dehydration unit, a separation unit for separating waste water and oil,
The solid fuel manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the waste liquid supply unit supplies the waste water. The solid fuel manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the biomass raw material is biomass derived from palm palm. A step of contacting and washing the biomass raw material with water,
Dehydrating the solid-liquid mixture generated in the washing step,
A step of drying the dehydrated biomass raw material,
A step of molding the dried biomass material,
In the step of drying, or in the step of molding, a waste liquid generated in the step of washing, or a step of supplying the waste liquid generated in the step of dehydrating to the biomass raw material,
A method for producing a solid fuel including:

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