WO2020034172A1 - Building component and preparation method therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

A building component and a preparation method therefor. The building component is of an overall structure prefabricated in a factory and comprises one or more composite panels. Each composite panel comprises a first surface layer (51), a second surface layer (52), and a plurality of support elements (53) connecting the first surface layer (51) and the second surface layer (52). The first surface layer (51), the second surface layer (52), and the support elements (53) between the first surface layer (51) and the second surface layer (52) are of an integrated casting structure. The building component is of an integrated casting structure. By means of the building component, on the premise of not reducing the strength of the building component, the dead weight of a building is reduced, transportation is convenient, the construction difficulty is reduced, the cost is reduced, and the heat preservation, heat insulation and sound insulation effects of the building can be improved.

Description

Building component and preparation method thereof Technical field

The invention relates to a building component and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of fabricated buildings.

Background technique

A building made of prefabricated parts at a construction site is called a prefabricated building. A large number of building components in prefabricated buildings are produced and processed by the factory workshop. The types of components are: exterior wall panels, interior wall panels, laminated panels, balconies, air conditioning panels, stairs, prefabricated beams, prefabricated columns, etc.

In prefabricated buildings, there is a category called box buildings. The structural system of the box building refers to the connection of the wall and floor of the room in the factory to form a box-shaped prefabricated whole, and at the same time complete the installation of some or all of its internal equipment doors and windows, bathrooms, kitchens, appliances, HVAC installation and wall Renovation and other work are delivered to the site for construction and assembled directly or combined with other prefabricated components and cast-in-situ structures to build a completed house system.

Because the structural unit of a box building is a structural piece with a certain space, there is a big contradiction in the existing box building: in actual use, it is desirable to use as much space as possible; and when these structural units are in transportation, there is a certain amount of space. Size restrictions. Generally, these building structural units need to be transported to the construction site. Regardless of the mode of transport, there are certain size restrictions. For example, the height limit for road transportation is generally 4.8 meters. Except for the height of the board, which is 1.2 meters, the height dimension of the transport items cannot exceed 3.6 meters. The road transportation limit is generally required to be within 2.4 meters. For large items, it can be extended to 3.5 meters. Left and right, but it will greatly increase the cost of transportation; in the length direction, the maximum size is generally 12 meters. For example, when using a container for transportation, the size of the building box is limited by the size of the internal space of the container. The internal size of a common 40HC container is 12.032m × 2.352m × 2.69m.

Due to the limitation of transportation size, the building box of the prior art is designed as a long cylindrical structural unit, the structure of which is shown in FIG. 1; a plurality of long cylindrical structural units are connected, and the structure is shown in FIG. 2. The structural skeleton in most of the long cylindrical structural units is shown in Figure 3. The structural skeleton is made of aluminum, light steel, etc., and the whole frame is obtained by pouring. It can be seen that the left and right wall surfaces of these long cylindrical structural units are load-bearing structural surfaces. The existence of these structural surfaces makes the house divided into several narrow spaces. In these narrow and long spaces, the house has a small opening and is too long to meet the actual use needs. If these load-bearing structural plane structures are removed to expand the use of space, the house cannot meet the load-bearing requirements and safety is affected.

In addition, prefabricated building boxes are load-bearing components in the building. Generally, the weight of these load-bearing components is also very high, which makes the transportation cost higher and the construction difficult.

Summary of the Invention

The technical problem solved by the invention is that the self-weight of the load-bearing components of the building structure is also very high, the transportation cost is high, and the construction is difficult.

The technical solution of the present invention is to provide a building component, which is a prefabricated integral structure of a factory, including more than one composite panel, the composite panel includes a first surface layer, a second surface layer, and a connection to the first surface. Several support members of the first layer and the second surface layer, the first surface layer, the second surface layer, and the support members between the first surface layer and the second surface layer are an integrally cast molding structure, and the building component is Integrated casting structure.

Preferably, the support is a support post.

Preferably, the supporting column is a cylindrical column, an oval column, and / or a square column.

Preferably, the thickness of the first surface layer is 10-60 mm, the thickness of the second surface layer is 10-60 mm, and the height of the support pillar is 50-300 mm.

Preferably, the filling material is a foam material. Compared with the existing structure, the design of multiple support columns greatly reduces the heat transfer coefficient of the structural surface. Whether filled with foam or unfilled,

Preferably, the building components are all made of ultra high performance concrete.

The thickness of the first surface layer is 10-60 mm, preferably 15-35 mm; the thickness of the second surface layer is 10-60 mm, preferably 15-35 mm, and the height of the support pillar is 50-300 mm.

Preferably, the column is a cylinder with a diameter of 10-80 mm, preferably 25-40 mm, or a square column with a side length of 10-80 mm, and preferably a side length of 25-40 mm.

Preferably, the building component comprises a rectangular cavity surrounded by a bottom surface, a left surface, a top surface and a right surface connected in sequence.

Preferably, a plurality of connection blocks are provided at the joints of two adjacent surfaces of the rectangular cavity, and the connection blocks are also integrally cast with the bottom surface, the top surface, the left side, and the right side.

Preferably, a vertical plane parallel to the left side and the right side is provided inside the rectangular cavity, and the upper and lower sides of the vertical plane are respectively connected to the top surface and the bottom surface to form an integrated structure.

Preferably, the first surface layer and the second surface layer are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the support member.

Preferably, the corners of the building component are embedded with connecting bolts and / or connecting sleeves. The bolt and / or the connecting sleeve can be used not only as a connecting member, but also as a load bearing component when lifting, and can also be used for positioning during lifting.

The bottom surface, the top surface, the left side, and the right side of the building component in the present invention only represent two opposite surfaces. When the building component is used in a building, it is called a bottom surface and a top surface, respectively, according to its use. Left and right sides.

The size of the building component in the left-right direction is the length, the size in the front-back direction is the width, and the size in the up-down direction is the height. The length of the building component is greater than the width.

Preferably, the building component is used for building a house, and the width of the building component is: the design depth of the house is divided into several units according to the limited size of the transport width, and the width dimension of the building component is the width of the divided unit size.

Preferably, the defined width of the transport width is 3.5m.

Preferably, the width of the building element is 1.2-2.5m.

The building component of the present invention may also be cylindrical or other shapes. More than one composite panel surrounds a whole structure with internal space, which is conducive to improving strength. The cylindrical building component forms an integrated structure with an internal space for a composite panel. Of course, it can also be docked by multiple cylinders to lengthen the building component.

Different from the existing structural units, the building components of the present invention achieve the purpose of expanding the use space while splicing. Among them, the bottom surface, the top surface, the left side, and the right side of the building component are all load-bearing structural surfaces that are integrally cast and prefabricated. Under normal circumstances, the front and rear sides of building components are non-load bearing structural surfaces and are generally not filled. At this time, multiple building components can be spliced (combined) along their front-to-back direction so that they are no longer limited by space size.

The house obtained by the splicing of such building components can easily obtain the overall space of 30 square meters, 60 square meters, or more than 100 square meters, and can ensure that the depth of the room and the open space are relatively large, avoiding a long cylindrical housing structure.

For example, the length of a building component is designed to be 12m, and the width is designed to be 2.4m. By joining 3 such building components, a large space of 12m × (2.4m × 3) = 86.4m ² can be obtained; By splicing the components, a large space of 12m × (2.4m × 5) = 144m ² can be obtained. These large spaces all have a large open space of 12m, which will not affect the deep daylighting, and has high comfort.

When the length span of a building component is large, load-bearing structural members may be provided in the interior to enhance the overall strength of the building component. The load-bearing structure is integrally cast and prefabricated with the bottom surface, the top surface, the left side, and the right side of the building component.

The load-bearing structural member may be a load-bearing column, a load-bearing beam, or a load-bearing wall. The load-bearing columns and beams will basically not affect the size of the overall space. Even if a load-bearing wall surface is provided, a door can be provided on the load-bearing wall surface to communicate the space on both sides of the load-bearing wall surface. For example, when the length of a building component is 12m, a load-bearing wall surface is set in the building component, and the length is divided into 7m and 5m to obtain a large bay of 7m and 5m. At this time, three buildings with a width of 2.4m When the components are spliced with each other, a space of 7m × (2.4m × 3) = 50.4m ^{2 and} a space of 5m × (2.4m × 3) = 36m ² can be obtained. Both of these spaces are also large and can be satisfied. The design dimensions of most large houses.

It can be seen that by setting load-bearing walls and / or non-load-bearing walls inside the building components, these large spaces can be flexibly divided to obtain houses of different designs.

The invention also provides a method for preparing a building component, comprising the following steps:

(1) According to the structure and size of a building component, a mold for pouring the building component is produced, the mold includes an outer mold and an inner mold, the outer mold includes a first outer mold and a second outer mold, and the second outer mold is located in the first outer mold. Inside, an inner mold is set in a cavity surrounded by the first outer mold and the second outer mold, so that a first gap is formed between the inner mold and the first outer mold for pouring to form a first surface layer; A second gap is formed with the second outer mold for pouring to form a second surface layer; the inner mold also has a plurality of perforations for pouring to form a support, and the perforations and the first gap and the second gap are mutually Connected

(2) pouring the gelling material into the perforations, the first void and the second void in the mold, so that the gelling material wraps the inner mold;

(3) After the gelling material is cured, the first outer mold and the second outer mold are removed to obtain a building component.

Preferably, the filling material is used as the inner mold.

Preferably, a steel template, a bamboo template, a wooden template and / or a plastic template are used as the outer molds (first outer mold and second outer mold).

The building element has a low bulk density, which can be as low as 500 Kg / m ³ . Due to the integrally formed integral structure, higher strength can be formed and the structure is maintained stable.

In the present invention, the bottom and top surfaces of the building components are floor plates of the building, and the left and right sides are wall plates of the building. In the present invention, the floor plate and the wall plate are integrally formed to obtain an overall structure, which has better structural strength. With the same materials, the local structural strength can be increased by 5 times, and the bulk density can be reduced by 30%.

The beneficial effects of the invention are that, without reducing the strength of the building components, the self-weight of the building is reduced, the transportation is convenient, the construction difficulty is reduced, the cost is saved, and the heat insulation, heat insulation and sound insulation effects of the building can be improved.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a building component.

FIG. 2 shows a cross-section A-A of the building element in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the three-dimensional structure of the first surface layer and the foam material removed in FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a mold.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing another three-dimensional structure of a building component according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of three building components of the present invention after being spliced in the front-rear direction.

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a plurality of building components of the present invention after being spliced in the front-rear direction.

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a plurality of building components of the present invention after being spliced in the left-right direction.

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a plurality of building components of the present invention after being spliced in the up-down direction.

FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-story small building to be constructed according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of each floor of a three-story small building to be constructed according to the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a plurality of building components divided into each unit of each floor of a three-story small building to be constructed according to the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a layer in FIG. 11 connected by a plurality of building components.

FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of connecting a plurality of building components in FIG. 12 into a single layer.

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of each floor in FIG. 13 connected to the whole of the house.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments.

As an embodiment of the present invention, a building component is provided, and the building component includes a rectangular cavity surrounded by a bottom surface 1, a top surface 2, a left surface 3, and a right surface 4; Shown in Figure 1.

The bottom surface 1, the top surface 2, the left surface 3, and the right surface 4 are composite panels. The structure of the composite panel is shown in FIG. 2, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along A-A in FIG. A surface layer 51, a second surface layer 52, and a plurality of supporting pillars 53 connecting the first surface layer 51 and the second surface layer 52, the first surface layer 51, the second surface layer 52, and the first surface layer 51 and The pillars 53 between the second surface layers 52 are integrally cast. The first surface layer 51 and the second surface layer 52 are also filled with a foam material 54 (for ease of distinction, the foam material 54 is filled with hatching marks in FIG. 2), and the foam material is located between the support column 53 and the support column 53. . The building elements are made of concrete. The thickness of the first surface layer 51 is 25 mm, the thickness of the second surface layer 52 is 25 mm, the column 53 is cylindrical, the diameter is 30 mm, and the height is 150 mm. The gap is filled with the foam material 54.

It can be seen that, with the exception of the filled foam material 54, the remaining structural components are integrally cast. The foam material 54 can be used as an inner mold during pouring.

In order to more clearly illustrate the internal structure of the building component, after removing the first surface layer 51 and the filling foam material 54 of the building component, the obtained three-dimensional schematic diagram is shown in FIG. 3, and a connecting block is provided at the corner of each face 6. These connecting blocks 6 are also integrally formed with other components of the building component.

Preparation:

(1) According to the structure and size of the building component, a mold for pouring the building component is produced, and a mold is prepared according to the building component shown in FIG. 1. Similarly, the mold is sectioned along the position of the A-A cross section in FIG. 1 to obtain a drawing. 4. The mold includes an outer mold and an inner mold, and a steel formwork for construction is used as the outer mold of the building component. The outer mold includes a first outer mold 71 and a second outer mold 72, and the first outer mold 71 and the second outer mold. In the cavity surrounded by the mold 72, a foam material 54 is provided as an inner mold, so that a first gap is formed between the inner mold and the first outer mold for pouring to form a first surface layer; the space between the inner mold and the second outer mold is formed. Forming a second void for pouring to form a second surface layer; the inner mold also has a plurality of perforations for pouring to form a support, the perforations communicating with the first void and the second void;

(2) pouring concrete into the perforations in the cavity and the first void and the second void, so that the gelling material wraps the inner mold;

(3) After the concrete is cured, the first outer mold 71 and the first outer mold 72 are removed to obtain a building component.

Concrete material formula:

Among them, PO42.5 means ordinary portland cement with the reference number 42.5.

The concrete prepared according to the above formula has an initial fluidity of 295 mm, a fluidity of 260 mm at 30 minutes, a strength of 23 MPa for one day, and a strength of 72 MPa for 28 days. The above-mentioned concrete material is used for preparing building components, and there is no reinforcement in the building components, which can save a lot of concrete materials and reduce its own weight. The obtained building component has a bulk density of 620Kg / m ³ , which is much lower than other building structures. The local strength is also much higher than the national standard.

As another embodiment of the present invention, a building component is provided. As shown in FIG. 5, the building component of the present invention includes a bottom surface 1, a top surface 2, a left surface 3, and a right surface 4, wherein the bottom surface 1, The top surface 2, the left surface 3, and the right surface 4 surround a long rectangular cavity. Each side of the rectangular cavity is rectangular. The length of the building component is the length of the bottom surface 1 or the top surface 2, the width of the building component is the width of the bottom surface 1 or the top surface 2, and the width of the left side 3 and the right side 4. The height of the building element is the height of the left side 3 and the right side 4.

The length of the building component is 12 meters, the width is 2.4 meters, and the height is 2.9 meters. Due to the large span of the long side, two load-bearing wall surfaces 8 are set every interval within the building component. The bottom surface 1, top surface 2, left side 3, and right side 4, and two load-bearing wall surfaces 8 of the building component are all load-bearing structural surfaces that are cast in one piece.

The building element has no front and rear sides, or the front and right sides of the building element are not filled with objects. Therefore, the building components can be spliced in the front-rear direction to expand the area of the used space. The schematic diagram of the structure after splicing is shown in Figures 6 and 7.

Non-load-bearing structural surfaces can be set on the front or rear side of certain building components, and non-load-bearing components such as doors and windows can be set here.

The building components of the present invention can be spliced not only in the front-back direction, but also in the left-right direction and in the up-down direction. The structural schematic diagram of the left-right direction splicing is shown in FIG. 8 and the structural schematic diagram of the vertical-direction splicing is shown in FIG. 9. The specific connection mode of each building component is the prior art, for example, a steel structure screw and a connection box can be arranged at each corner of the building component to be fixedly connected to each other.

A house can be divided into multiple stacked and spliced building components, and these building components can be prefabricated in the factory, and all decoration such as water, electricity, doors and windows can be installed. After transportation to the site, only hoisting is required and the pipelines can be connected. Check in.

As another embodiment of the present invention, the method for designing, dividing, and splicing a house according to the present invention is described in detail below according to a specific house.

Figure 10 shows a three-story small building to be built, each floor is divided into A and B units. The small building is designed to be 21 meters long (A household is 12 meters long and B household is 9 meters long), with a maximum width of 6.9 meters. Windows are set in the front and rear directions of the house for daylighting. Then the three-story small building can be divided according to the specific architectural design: First, divide by the layers to get the same single-story structure of Sanzeng. The schematic diagram of each layer is shown in Figure 11; , B is divided into two houses, and each unit is divided into three building elements (as shown in Figure 12): A unit is divided into 2.3m × 12m, 2.3m × 12m, and 2.3m × 10m. Building elements, the B type is divided into 2.3m × 9m, 2.3m × 9m and 2.3m × 7m.

These building components in Fig. 12 are manufactured separately in the factory and then connected. The structure of each layer after connection is shown in Fig. 13, and then each layer is connected to obtain a house as shown in Fig. 14. After the pipeline is connected, the construction of the house can be completed.

Claims (22)

A building component, characterized in that the building component is a factory-prefabricated monolithic structure, including more than one composite panel, the composite panel includes a first surface layer, a second surface layer, and a connection between the first surface layer and the second surface layer. Several support members of the surface layer, the first surface layer, the second surface layer, and the support members between the first surface layer and the second surface layer are an integrally cast molding structure, and the building member is an integrally cast molding structure . The building component according to claim 1, wherein the support member is a support column. The building component according to claim 2, wherein the supporting column is a cylindrical column, an elliptical column, and / or a square column. The building element according to claim 3, wherein the diameter of the cylinder is 10-80 mm. The building element according to claim 3, wherein the sides of the square pillars are 10-80 mm in length. The building component according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the first surface layer is 10-60 mm, the thickness of the second surface layer is 10-60 mm, and the height of the support column is 50-300 mm. The building element according to claim 1, wherein the building element is made of ultra high performance concrete. The building component according to claim 1, wherein a filler is further provided between the first surface layer and the second surface layer of the composite panel. The building component according to claim 8, wherein the filling material is a foam material. The building component according to claim 1, wherein the building component comprises a rectangular cavity formed by sequentially connecting a bottom surface, a left surface, a top surface, and a right surface. The building component according to claim 10, wherein a plurality of connecting blocks are provided at the corner joints of two adjacent surfaces of the building component, and the connecting blocks are also integrated with the bottom surface, the top surface, the left side, and the right side. Pouring the structure. The building component according to claim 10, wherein a vertical plane parallel to the left side and the right side is provided inside the building element, and the upper and lower sides of the vertical plane are connected to the top surface and the bottom surface, respectively. Integrated structure. The building component according to claim 10, wherein corners of the building component are embedded with connecting bolts and / or connection boxes. The building element according to claim 10, wherein the first surface layer and the second surface layer are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the support member. The building component according to claim 10, wherein the size of the building component in the left-right direction is a length, the size in the front-back direction is a width, and the size in the up-down direction is a height, and the length of the building component is greater than the width. The building component according to claim 15, characterized in that the building component is used for building a house, and the width of the building component is: the design depth of the house is divided into a plurality of units according to a size that does not exceed the transport width limit. The width dimension is the width dimension of the divided unit. The building element according to claim 16, wherein the transportation width is limited to 3.5m. The building element according to claim 16, wherein the width of the building element is 1.2-2.5 m. The building component according to claim 1, wherein the building component is cylindrical. A method for preparing a building component according to any one of claims 1 to 19, further comprising the following steps: (1) According to the structure and size of a building component, a mold for pouring the building component is produced, the mold includes an outer mold and an inner mold, the outer mold includes a first outer mold and a second outer mold, and the second outer mold is located in the first outer mold. Inside, an inner mold is set in a cavity surrounded by the first outer mold and the second outer mold, so that a first gap is formed between the inner mold and the first outer mold for pouring to form a first surface layer; A second gap is formed with the second outer mold for pouring to form a second surface layer; the inner mold also has a plurality of perforations for pouring to form a support, the perforations, the first void, and the second void mutually Connected (2) pouring the gelling material into the perforations, the first void and the second void in the mold, so that the gelling material wraps the inner mold; (3) After the gelling material is cured, the first outer mold and the second outer mold are removed to obtain a building component. The method according to claim 20, wherein the filling material is used as the inner mold. The method according to claim 20, wherein a steel template, a bamboo template, a wooden template and / or a plastic template are used as the first outer mold and the second outer mold.

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