WO2020034173A1 - Building structure module and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

A building structure module and a preparation method thereof. The building structure module is a factory-prefabricated integral structure, and comprises a rectangular cavity defined by a bottom surface (1), a top surface (2), a left side surface (3), and a right side surface (4). The bottom surface (1), the top surface (2), the left side surface (3), and the right side surface (4) are all composite panels. The composite panel comprises a first surface layer (51), a second surface layer (52), and multiple support members (53) connecting the first surface layer (51) to the second surface layer (52). The first surface layer (51), the second surface layer (52), and the support members (53) therebetween are of an integral structure formed by means of pouring. The bottom surface (1), the top surface (2), the left side surface (3), and the right side surface (4) are also an integral structure formed by means of pouring. The building structure module and the preparation method thereof reduce the weight of a building without sacrificing the strength of building members, thereby facilitating transportation, reducing construction difficulty, reducing costs, and allowing the building to have improved insulation of heat and isolation of sound.

Description

Building structure module and preparation method thereof Technical field

The invention relates to a building structure module and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of assembled building technology.

Background technique

A building made of prefabricated parts at a construction site is called a prefabricated building. A large number of building components in prefabricated buildings are produced and processed by the factory workshop. The types of components are: exterior wall panels, interior wall panels, laminated panels, balconies, air conditioning panels, stairs, prefabricated beams, prefabricated columns, etc.

In prefabricated buildings, there is a category called box buildings. The structural system of the box building refers to the connection of the wall and floor of the room in the factory to form a box-shaped prefabricated whole, and at the same time complete the installation of some or all of its internal equipment doors and windows, bathrooms, kitchens, appliances, HVAC installation and wall Renovation and other work are delivered to the site for construction and assembled directly or combined with other prefabricated components and cast-in-situ structures to build a completed house system.

Because the structural unit of a box building is a structural piece with a certain space, there is a big contradiction in the existing box building: in actual use, it is desirable to use as much space as possible; and when these structural units are in transportation, there is a certain amount of space. Size restrictions. Generally, these building structural units need to be transported to the construction site. Regardless of the mode of transport, there are certain size restrictions. For example, the height limit for road transportation is generally 4.8 meters. Except for the height of the board, which is 1.2 meters, the height dimension of the transport items cannot exceed 3.6 meters. The road transportation limit is generally required to be within 2.4 meters. For large items, it can be extended to 3.5 meters. Left and right, but it will greatly increase the cost of transportation; in the length direction, the maximum size is generally 12 meters. For example, when using a container for transportation, the size of the building box is limited by the size of the internal space of the container. The internal size of a common 40HC container is 12.032m × 2.352m × 2.69m.

Due to the limitation of transportation size, the building box of the prior art is designed as a long cylindrical structural unit, the structure of which is shown in FIG. 1; a plurality of long cylindrical structural units are connected, and the structure is shown in FIG. 2. The structural skeleton in most of the long cylindrical structural units is shown in Figure 3. The structural skeleton is made of aluminum, light steel, etc., and the whole frame is obtained by pouring. It can be seen that the left and right wall surfaces of these long cylindrical structural units are load-bearing structural surfaces. The existence of these structural surfaces makes the house divided into several narrow spaces. In these narrow and long spaces, the house has a small opening and is too long to meet the actual use needs. If these load-bearing structural plane structures are removed to expand the use of space, the house cannot meet the load-bearing requirements and safety is affected.

In addition, prefabricated building boxes are load-bearing components in the building. Generally, the weight of these load-bearing components is also very high, which makes the transportation cost higher and the construction difficult.

Summary of the Invention

The technical problem solved by the invention is that the self-weight of the load-bearing components of the building structure is also very high, the transportation cost is high, and the construction is difficult.

The technical solution of the present invention is to provide a building structure module, which is a prefabricated integral structure of a factory, and includes a rectangular cavity surrounded by at least a bottom surface, a left surface, a top surface, and a right surface connected in sequence. ;

The bottom surface, the top surface, the left surface, and the right surface are all composite panels. The composite panel includes a first surface layer, a second surface layer, and a plurality of supporting members connecting the first surface layer and the second surface layer. The first surface layer, the second surface layer, and the supporting members between the first surface layer and the second surface layer are integrally cast molding structures; and the bottom surface, the left surface, the top surface, and the right surface are also integrated. Pouring the structure.

Preferably, the support is a support post.

Preferably, the supporting column is a cylindrical column, an oval column, and / or a square column.

Preferably, the thickness of the first surface layer is 10-60 mm, the thickness of the second surface layer is 10-60 mm, and the height of the support pillar is 50-300 mm.

Preferably, the filling material is a foam material. Compared with the existing structure, the design of multiple support columns greatly reduces the heat transfer coefficient of the structural surface. Whether filled with foam or unfilled,

Preferably, the building structural modules are all made of ultra-high-performance concrete.

The thickness of the first surface layer is 10-60 mm, preferably 15-35 mm; the thickness of the second surface layer is 10-60 mm, preferably 15-35 mm, and the height of the support pillar is 50-300 mm.

Preferably, the column is a cylinder with a diameter of 10-80 mm, preferably 25-40 mm, or a square column with a side length of 10-80 mm, and preferably a side length of 25-40 mm.

Preferably, a plurality of connection blocks are provided at the joints of two adjacent surfaces of the rectangular cavity, and the connection blocks are also integrally cast with the bottom surface, the top surface, the left side, and the right side.

Preferably, a vertical plane parallel to the left side and the right side is provided inside the rectangular cavity, and the upper and lower sides of the vertical plane are respectively connected to the top surface and the bottom surface to form an integrated structure.

Preferably, the first surface layer and the second surface layer are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the support member.

Preferably, the corners of the building structure module are embedded with connecting bolts and / or connecting sleeves. The bolt and / or the connecting sleeve can be used not only as a connecting member, but also as a load bearing component when lifting, and can also be used for positioning during lifting.

The bottom surface, the top surface, the left side and the right side of the building structure module in the present invention only represent two opposite surfaces. When the building structure module is used in a building, it is called a bottom surface and a top surface, respectively, according to its use. Side, left side and right side.

The size of the building structure module in the left-right direction is the length, the size in the front-back direction is the width, and the size in the up-down direction is the height. The length of the building structure module is greater than the width.

Preferably, the building structure module is used to build a house, and the width of the building structure module is: the design depth of the house is divided into several units according to the limited size of the transport width, and the width dimension of the building structure module is the divided The width dimension of the cell.

Preferably, the defined width of the transport width is 3.5m.

Preferably, the width of the building structure module is 1.2-2.5m.

Different from the existing structural units, the building structural module of the present invention achieves the purpose of expanding the use space while splicing. Among them, the bottom surface, the top surface, the left side and the right side of the building structure module are all load-bearing structural surfaces that are cast in one piece. Under normal circumstances, the front and rear sides of building structural modules are non-load bearing structural surfaces and are generally not filled. At this time, multiple building structural modules can be spliced (combined) along their front-to-back direction so that they are no longer limited by space size.

The house obtained by the splicing of this building structure module can easily obtain the overall space of 30 square meters, 60 square meters or even more than 100 square meters, and can ensure that the depth of the room and the open space are relatively large, avoiding a long cylindrical housing structure.

For example, the length of a building structure module is designed to be 12m, and the width is designed to be 2.4m. If three such building structure modules are spliced, a large space of 12m × (2.4m × 3) = 86.4m ² can be obtained; This kind of building structure modules can be spliced together to obtain a large space of 12m × (2.4m × 5) = 144m ² . These large spaces all have a large open space of 12m, which will not affect the deep daylighting, and has high comfort.

When the length of the building structural module is large, load-bearing structural members may be provided in the interior to enhance the overall strength of the building structural module. The load-bearing structure and the bottom surface, the top surface, the left side, and the right side of the building structural module are integrally cast and prefabricated.

The load-bearing structural member may be a load-bearing column, a load-bearing beam, or a load-bearing wall. The load-bearing columns and beams will basically not affect the size of the overall space. Even if a load-bearing wall surface is provided, a door can be provided on the load-bearing wall surface to communicate the space on both sides of the load-bearing wall surface. For example, when the length of the building structural module is 12m, a load-bearing wall is set in the building structural module, and the length is divided into 7m and 5m to obtain a large bay of 7m and 5m. At this time, 3 wide 2.4m When the building structural modules are spliced to each other, a space of 7m × (2.4m × 3) = 50.4m ^{2 and} a space of 5m × (2.4m × 3) = 36m ² can be obtained. Both of these spaces are also large. Can already meet the design size of most large-scale houses.

It can be seen that by setting load-bearing walls and / or non-load-bearing walls inside the building structural module, these large spaces can be flexibly divided to obtain houses of different designs.

The invention also provides a method for preparing a building structure module, which includes the following steps:

(1) According to the structure and size of the building structural module, a mold for pouring the building structural module is produced, the mold includes an outer mold and an inner mold, the outer mold includes a first outer mold and a second outer mold, and the second outer mold is located at the first Inside the outer mold, an inner mold is set in a cavity surrounded by the first outer mold and the second outer mold, so that a first gap is formed between the inner mold and the first outer mold for pouring to form a first surface layer; A second gap is formed between the inner mold and the second outer mold for pouring to form a second surface layer; the inner mold also has a plurality of perforations for pouring to form a support, the perforations and the first gap and the second Gaps communicate with each other;

(2) pouring the gelling material into the perforations, the first void and the second void in the mold, so that the gelling material wraps the inner mold;

(3) After the gelling material is cured, the first outer mold and the second outer mold are removed to obtain a building structure module.

Preferably, the filling material is used as the inner mold.

Preferably, a steel template, a bamboo template, a wooden template and / or a plastic template are used as the outer molds (the first outer mold and the second outer mold).

The building structure module has a low bulk density, which can be as low as 500Kg / m ³ . Due to the integrally formed integral structure, higher strength can be formed and the structure is maintained stable.

In the present invention, the bottom and top surfaces of the building structure module are floor plates of the building, and the left and right sides are wall plates of the building. The present invention integrates the floor plate and the wall plate to obtain an overall structure, which has better structural strength. . With the same materials, the local structural strength can be increased by 5 times, and the bulk density can be reduced by 30%.

The beneficial effects of the invention are that, without reducing the strength of the building components, the self-weight of the building is reduced, the transportation is convenient, the construction difficulty is reduced, the cost is saved, and the heat insulation, heat insulation and sound insulation effects of the building can be improved.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a three-dimensional structure diagram of a building structure module.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view AA of the building structural module in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the three-dimensional structure of the first surface layer and the foam material removed in FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a mold.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing another three-dimensional structure of a building structural module according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of three building structural modules of the present invention after being spliced in the front-rear direction.

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a plurality of building structural modules of the present invention after being spliced in the front-rear direction.

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a plurality of building structural modules of the present invention after being spliced in the left-right direction.

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a plurality of building structural modules of the present invention after being spliced in the up-down direction.

FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-story small building to be constructed according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of each floor of a three-story small building to be constructed according to the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a plurality of building structural modules divided into each unit of each floor of a three-story small building to be constructed according to the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a layer in FIG. 11 connected by a plurality of building structural modules.

FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a plurality of building structural modules connected to each other in FIG. 12.

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of each floor in FIG. 13 connected to the whole of the house.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments.

As an embodiment of the present invention, a building structure module is provided. The building structure module includes a rectangular cavity surrounded by a bottom surface 1, a top surface 2, a left surface 3, and a right surface 4; The schematic is shown in Figure 1.

The bottom surface 1, the top surface 2, the left surface 3, and the right surface 4 are composite panels. The structure of the composite panel is shown in FIG. 2, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along A-A in FIG. A surface layer 51, a second surface layer 52, and a plurality of supporting pillars 53 connecting the first surface layer 51 and the second surface layer 52, the first surface layer 51, the second surface layer 52, and the first surface layer 51 and The pillars 53 between the second surface layers 52 are integrally cast. The first surface layer 51 and the second surface layer 52 are also filled with a foam material 54 (for ease of distinction, the foam material 54 is filled with hatching marks in FIG. 2), and the foam material is located between the support column 53 and the support column 53. . Building structural modules are made of concrete. The thickness of the first surface layer 51 is 25 mm, the thickness of the second surface layer 52 is 25 mm, the column 53 is cylindrical, the diameter is 30 mm, and the height is 150 mm. The gap is filled with the foam material 54.

It can be seen that, with the exception of the filled foam material 54, the remaining structural components are integrally cast. The foam material 54 can be used as an inner mold during pouring.

In order to more clearly illustrate the internal structure of the building structure module, after removing the first surface layer 51 and the filling foam material 54 of the building structure module, the obtained three-dimensional schematic diagram is shown in FIG. 3, and is provided at the corner of each face The connecting blocks 6 are also integrally formed with other components of the building structural module.

Preparation:

(1) According to the structure and size of the building structural module, a mold for pouring the building structural module is produced, and the mold is prepared according to the building structural module shown in FIG. 1. Similarly, the mold is sectioned along the position of the A-A section in FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 4, the mold includes an outer mold and an inner mold, and a steel formwork for construction is used as an outer mold of a building structural module. The outer mold includes a first outer mold 71 and a second outer mold 72. A foam material 54 is provided in the cavity surrounded by the second outer mold 72 as the inner mold, so that a first gap is formed between the inner mold and the first outer mold for pouring to form a first surface layer; A second gap is formed between the outer molds for pouring to form a second surface layer; the inner mold also has a plurality of perforations for pouring to form a support, and the perforations communicate with the first and second voids;

(2) Pouring concrete into the perforations in the cavity and the first and second voids, so that the gelling material wraps the inner mold;

(3) After the concrete is cured, the first outer mold 71 and the first outer mold 72 are removed to obtain a building structure module.

Concrete material formula:

Among them, PO42.5 means ordinary portland cement with the reference number 42.5.

The concrete prepared according to the above formula has an initial fluidity of 295 mm, a fluidity of 260 mm at 30 minutes, a strength of 23 MPa for one day, and a strength of 72 MPa for 28 days. The above-mentioned concrete materials are used to prepare building structural modules, and there is no reinforcement in the building structural modules, which can save a lot of concrete materials and reduce its own weight. The obtained building structural module has a bulk density of 620Kg / m ³ , which is much lower than other building structures. The local strength of building structural modules is also much higher than national standards.

As another embodiment of the present invention, it provides a building structure module. As shown in FIG. 5, the building structure module of the present invention includes a bottom surface 1, a top surface 2, a left surface 3, and a right surface 4, and the bottom surface 1. The top surface 2, the left surface 3, and the right surface 4 surround a long rectangular cavity. Each side of the rectangular cavity is rectangular. The length of the building structure module is the length of the bottom surface 1 or the top surface 2, the width of the building structure module is the width of the bottom surface 1 or the top surface 2, and the width of the left side 3 and the right side 4. The height of the building structure module is the height of the left side 3 and the right side 4.

The length of the building structure module is 12 meters, the width is 2.4 meters, and the height is 2.9 meters. Due to the large span of the long side, two load-bearing wall surfaces 8 are arranged every interval within the building structure module. The bottom surface 1, top surface 2, left surface 3, and right surface 4 of the building structural module, and two load bearing wall surfaces 8 are all load-bearing structural surfaces that are precast in one piece.

The building structure module has no front and rear sides, or the front and right sides of the building structure module are not filled with objects. Therefore, the building structural modules can be spliced in the front-back direction to expand the area of the used space. The schematic diagram of the structure after splicing is shown in Figures 6 and 7.

Non-load-bearing structural surfaces can be set on the front or rear side of some building structural modules, and non-load-bearing components such as doors and windows can be set here.

The building structural module of the present invention can be spliced not only in the front-back direction, but also in the left-right direction and in the up-down direction. The structural schematic diagram of the left-right direction splicing is shown in FIG. 8 and the structural schematic diagram of the vertical-direction splicing is shown in FIG. 9. The specific connection mode of each building structure module is the prior art, for example, a steel structure screw and a connection box can be arranged at each corner of the building structure module to be fixedly connected to each other.

A house can be divided into multiple stacked and spliced building structural modules, and these building structural modules can be prefabricated in the factory, and all decoration such as water, electricity, doors and windows can be installed. After transportation to the site, only hoisting is needed to connect the pipeline Ready to stay.

As another embodiment of the present invention, the method for designing, dividing, and splicing a house according to the present invention is described in detail below according to a specific house.

Figure 10 shows a three-story small building to be built, each floor is divided into A and B units. The small building is designed to be 21 meters long (A household is 12 meters long and B household is 9 meters long), with a maximum width of 6.9 meters. Windows are set in the front and rear directions of the house for daylighting. Then the three-story small building can be divided according to the specific architectural design: First, divide by the layers to get the same single-story structure of Sanzeng. The schematic diagram of each layer is shown in Figure 11; , B is divided into two houses, and each unit is divided into three building structure modules (as shown in Figure 12): A unit is divided into 2.3m × 12m, 2.3m × 12m, and 2.3m × 10m. Three building structure modules, the B type is divided into three building structure modules: 2.3m × 9m, 2.3m × 9m, and 2.3m × 7m.

These building structural modules in Fig. 12 are manufactured separately in the factory, and then connected. The structure of each layer after connection is shown in Fig. 13, and then each layer is connected to obtain the house shown in Fig. 14. After the pipelines are connected, the construction of the house can be completed.

Claims (20)

A building structural module, characterized in that the building structural module is a factory-prefabricated overall structure, and includes a rectangular cavity surrounded by at least a bottom surface, a left surface, a top surface, and a right surface connected in sequence; The bottom surface, the top surface, the left surface, and the right surface are all composite panels. The composite panel includes a first surface layer, a second surface layer, and a plurality of supporting members connecting the first surface layer and the second surface layer. The first surface layer, the second surface layer, and the supporting members between the first surface layer and the second surface layer are integrally cast molding structures; and the bottom surface, the left surface, the top surface, and the right surface are also integrated. Pouring the structure. The building structure module according to claim 1, wherein the supporting member is a supporting column. The building structure module according to claim 2, wherein the supporting column is a column, an oval column, and / or a square column. The building structure module according to claim 3, wherein the diameter of the cylinder is 10-80 mm. The building structure module according to claim 3, wherein a side length of the square pillar is 10-80 mm. The building structure module according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the first surface layer is 10-60 mm, the thickness of the second surface layer is 10-60 mm, and the height of the support column is 50-300 mm. The building structure module according to claim 1, wherein the building structure module is made of ultra high performance concrete. The building structure module according to claim 1, further comprising a filling material provided between the first surface layer and the second surface layer of the composite panel. The building structure module according to claim 8, wherein the filling material is a foam material. The building structural module according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of connecting blocks are provided at corner connection points of two adjacent surfaces of the building structural module, and the connecting blocks are also connected to the bottom surface, the top surface, the left side, and the right side. Casting structure for one body. The building structure module according to claim 1, wherein a vertical plane parallel to the left side and the right side is provided inside the building structure module, and the upper and lower sides of the vertical plane are respectively top and bottom surfaces. The connection forms an integrated structure. The building structure module according to claim 1, wherein corner corners of the building structure module are embedded with connection bolts and / or connection boxes. The building structure module according to claim 1, wherein the first surface layer and the second surface layer are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the support member. The building structure module according to claim 1, wherein the size of the building structure module in the left-right direction is a length, the size in the front-back direction is a width, and the size in the up-down direction is a height, and the length of the building structure module is greater than width. The building structure module according to claim 14, wherein the building structure module is used to build a house, and the width of the building structure module is: the design depth of the house is divided into a plurality of units according to a size that does not exceed the transport width limit, and The width dimension of the building structure module is the width dimension of the divided unit. The building structure module according to claim 15, wherein the transportation width is limited to 3.5m. The building structure module according to claim 15, wherein the width of the building structure module is 1.2-2.5m. A method for preparing a building structure module according to any one of claims 1-17, comprising the following steps: (1) According to the structure and size of the building structural module, a mold for pouring the building structural module is produced, the mold includes an outer mold and an inner mold, the outer mold includes a first outer mold and a second outer mold, and the second outer mold is located at the first Inside the outer mold, an inner mold is set in a cavity surrounded by the first outer mold and the second outer mold, so that a first gap is formed between the inner mold and the first outer mold for pouring to form a first surface layer; A second gap is formed between the inner mold and the second outer mold for pouring to form a second surface layer; the inner mold also has a plurality of perforations for pouring to form a support, the perforations and the first gap and the second Gaps communicate with each other; (2) pouring the gelling material into the perforations, the first void and the second void in the mold, so that the gelling material wraps the inner mold; (3) After the gelling material is cured, the first outer mold and the second outer mold are removed to obtain a building structure module. The method according to claim 18, wherein the filling material is used as the inner mold. The method according to claim 18, wherein a steel template, a bamboo template, a wooden template and / or a plastic template are used as the first outer mold and the second outer mold.

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