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WO2018227836A1 - 一种全废钢电弧炉双联冶炼洁净钢的生产方法 - Google Patents

一种全废钢电弧炉双联冶炼洁净钢的生产方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018227836A1
WO2018227836A1 PCT/CN2017/107291 CN2017107291W WO2018227836A1 WO 2018227836 A1 WO2018227836 A1 WO 2018227836A1 CN 2017107291 W CN2017107291 W CN 2017107291W WO 2018227836 A1 WO2018227836 A1 WO 2018227836A1
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Prior art keywords
steel
arc furnace
electric arc
furnace
dephosphorization
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱荣
魏光升
唐天平
董凯
赵婧鑫
吴学涛
陈凤武
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Tangshan Shoutang Baosheng Functional Materials Co ltd
University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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Tangshan Shoutang Baosheng Functional Materials Co ltd
University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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Priority to US15/959,230 priority Critical patent/US10767239B2/en
Publication of WO2018227836A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018227836A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
    • C21C7/064—Dephosphorising; Desulfurising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
    • C21C7/068—Decarburising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C2007/0093—Duplex process; Two stage processes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of electric arc furnace steelmaking, and particularly relates to a production method of double-smelting clean steel of a full scrap electric arc furnace.
  • the electric arc furnace smelting uses all scrap steel as raw material. Dephosphorization is one of the most important processes in the process of smelting all-steel electric arc furnaces. In the dephosphorization process of the full scrap electric arc furnace, due to the high melting point of the scrap steel, in order to ensure that the scrap steel in the furnace is completely melted, the molten pool is kept at a relatively high temperature, which makes the internal dephosphorization reaction of the molten steel difficult. In order to solve this problem, the traditional all-steel electric arc furnace smelting mainly adopts the method of multiple slag formation, and adopts the automatic slag operation of the furnace door.
  • the traditional full-off electric arc furnace smelting mainly uses the method of adding a certain proportion of carbon-containing iron in the scrap to try to increase the carbon content in the molten steel, but because the carbon content in the iron is not high, The problem of low carbon content in molten steel cannot be completely solved, which makes it difficult to produce clean steel in a full scrap electric arc furnace.
  • the present invention provides a method for producing double-smelting clean steel of a full scrap electric arc furnace, which can solve the problem that the deep dephosphorization cannot be performed in the electric arc furnace smelting process, and at the same time, adding carbon powder to the molten steel to make the molten steel in the early stage of smelting Carbon addition, and then through the carbon-oxygen reaction in the later stage of smelting, a large number of bubbles are generated inside the molten steel, which can deeply remove [N], [H] and impurities in the molten steel, so that the molten steel has high cleanliness.
  • the method makes electric arc furnace of two stations In series, the electric arc furnace of the first station is a dephosphorization electric arc furnace, and the electric arc furnace of the second station is a decarburization electric arc furnace.
  • the scrap steel can be dephosphorized and decarburized after being melted, and the decarburization electric arc furnace can deeply dephosphorize, decarburize, degas, and remove impurities.
  • Adding scrap steel into the dephosphorization arc furnace adding carbon material to the inside of the molten pool, reducing the melting point of the scrap steel and the temperature of the molten pool, and increasing the carbon content of the molten steel.
  • the steel is tapped at the bottom of the eccentric furnace and the steel is used to ensure the removal. Separation of the slag steel is achieved after the phosphorus process is completed.
  • the molten steel is poured into the decarburization arc furnace through the ladle, and the slag deep dephosphorization is continued in the decarburization arc furnace, and the decarburization electric arc furnace slag can also be returned to the dephosphorization electric arc furnace for further use.
  • the carbonization amount of the dephosphorization electric arc furnace is used to spray oxygen into the molten steel to perform decarburization boiling operation, and the generated CO bubbles can deeply remove [N], [H] and impurities in the molten steel, so that the molten steel has High cleanliness.
  • a decarburization arc furnace can be smelted with 1 to 3 dephosphorization arc furnaces.
  • the specific process is as follows:
  • Dephosphorization electric arc furnace feeding period adding smelting scrap steel, lime, decarburization electric arc furnace slag, auxiliary materials and carbon powder (or block) to dephosphorization electric arc furnace;
  • the scrap steel can be fed into the furnace by any one or several methods such as continuous feeding, shaft feeding and basket feeding; the lime, decarburized electric arc furnace slag and auxiliary materials are added together with the scrap steel to the dephosphorization electric arc furnace;
  • the amount of steel and lime added is 0-50kg, and the amount of slag decarburization arc furnace slag is 0-50kg;
  • the carbon powder is added to the molten pool through the loading bin, and the amount of carbon steel added (or injected) is 0-200kg.
  • Scrap steel melting period electricity is melted and scraped, the furnace wall concentrating oxygen lance is switched to the burner mode, the temperature in the molten pool is raised to melt the scrap steel, and the carrier gas-carbon powder high-speed powder airflow is sprayed into the molten steel through the embedded spray gun.
  • the melting period of the scrap steel is controlled at 10-150 min, and the scrap steel can enter the dephosphorization period after melting.
  • the shielding gas is a mixture of any one or both of nitrogen, gas and carbon dioxide.
  • the carrier gas flow rate is 50-1000 Nm 3 /h, the carbon powder injection rate is 0-200 kg/min, and the injection shielding gas flow rate is 10-1000 Nm 3 / h, the toner particles have a diameter of 15 ⁇ m to 3.0 mm.
  • the slag dephosphorization is quickly utilized by the low temperature of the molten pool in the early stage of smelting, the furnace wall oxygen lance is switched to the oxygen supply mode to make the foam slag, and the embedded spray gun continues to spray the carbon powder operation.
  • the internal temperature is controlled at 1530-1580 °C, the automatic slag operation is carried out by the furnace door, and lime is added to the furnace in the middle of dephosphorization smelting, and the alkalinity of the slag is controlled at 2.5-3.5;
  • the main oxygen flow rate of the furnace wall oxygen concentrator in the oxygen supply mode is 50-2000 Nm 3 /h
  • the gas flow rate is 50-1000 Nm 3 /h
  • the epoxy flow rate is 50-1000 Nm 3 /h
  • the embedded spray gun carbon powder injection rate 0-200kg/min
  • the amount of steel and lime added is 5-50kg.
  • Dephosphorization electric arc furnace end tapping to semi-steel ladle sampling and measuring the phosphorus content and carbon content in the molten steel after the smelting of the dephosphorization electric arc furnace, after the predetermined tapping standard is adopted, the eccentric hearth tapping is adopted and the steel is retained. Operation to prevent dephosphorization oxidized slag from entering the decarburization arc furnace.
  • the smelting time of the dephosphorization electric arc furnace is controlled at 60-120 min; after the dephosphorization process, the carbon content of the molten steel is controlled between 0.4% and 2% (mass percentage), and the phosphorus content of the molten steel is controlled below 0.010%, and the tapping temperature is controlled. More than 1540 ° C, the amount of steel retained in the furnace is 10% -30% of the total amount of molten steel.
  • Decarburization arc furnace feeding period the molten steel in the semi-steel ladle is added to the decarburization electric arc furnace, and the lime and the auxiliary materials are added to the decarburization electric arc furnace.
  • the molten steel can be fed into the furnace through the furnace door or the furnace wall feeding trough or the furnace cover is opened; if the special situation causes the molten steel to enter the furnace during the furnace entering process, the molten steel is directly cast into a steel block for use;
  • the amount of steel and lime added is 5-50kg.
  • the furnace wall bundling oxygen lance oxygen supply flow rate is 50-3000Nm 3 /h
  • the buried type spray gun oxygen supply flow is 50-2000Nm 3 /h
  • the gas flow rate is 50-1000Nm 3 /h
  • the bottom argon gas (or carbon dioxide) flow rate 1 -100 NL / min
  • electrode energization time 0-100 min blowing time 10-100 min.
  • End-of-line control of decarburization arc furnace sampling and measuring the phosphorus content, carbon content and molten steel temperature in the molten steel after the smelting, the steel can be tapped after the process requirements are met, and the steel staying operation is adopted to prevent the slag from entering the molten steel, steel
  • the liquid tapping temperature is controlled at 1550-1700 ° C;
  • the carbon content of the molten steel is controlled above 0.1% (by mass) (except for ultra-low carbon steel); the phosphorus content of the molten steel is controlled below 0.003%; the retained steel in the furnace is 10% of the total molten steel. -30%, the decarburization arc furnace discharges the slag and returns to the dephosphorization electric arc furnace for further use.
  • the method is applicable to a double smelting process of a 30-250t full scrap electric arc furnace.
  • the production capacity of the dephosphorization electric arc furnace plus the decarburization electric arc furnace is basically the same as that of the conventional electric arc furnace, but the quality of the produced molten steel reaches the standard of clean steel, that is, [Cu]+[Ti]+[Pb] ⁇ 0.01 %,[P] ⁇ 30ppm, [N] ⁇ 40 ppm and the like.
  • the production method of the dephosphorization electric arc furnace plus the decarburization electric arc furnace is that the steel material consumption and the auxiliary material consumption are lower than the conventional electric arc furnace material consumption.
  • the method of the invention can realize double-smelting clean steel of the whole scrap steel electric arc furnace, and the dephosphorization process and the decarburization process are respectively carried out in two electric arc furnaces by means of series connection, and the carbon material is added into the molten steel in the early stage of smelting. Thereby reducing the melting point of the scrap steel and the temperature of the molten pool, and effectively improving the dephosphorization efficiency.
  • the eccentric steel tapping can completely realize the separation of the slag steel, and avoid the dephosphorization electric arc furnace slag from being brought to the decarburization arc furnace.
  • the slag is re-dephosphorized and dephosphorized, and oxygen is blown to remove the [N], [H] and impurities in the molten steel.
  • the phosphorus mass fraction in the molten steel can be controlled below 30*10 -6 ; the nitrogen mass fraction can be controlled below 60*10 -6 and the lowest can reach 30*10 -6 . This method can significantly improve the cleanliness of molten steel and improve product quality.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a double-smelting clean steel process of a full scrap electric arc furnace according to the present invention
  • the method is applied to a 50t+50t electric arc furnace double smelting clean steel, and the specific method is:
  • Dephosphorization electric arc furnace feeding period smelting scrap steel, lime, decarburization electric arc furnace slag, auxiliary materials and toner Adding to a dephosphorization electric arc furnace;
  • the scrap steel is fed into the furnace by means of feeding (or continuous feeding); the lime, decarburized electric arc furnace slag and auxiliary materials are added together with the scrap steel to the dephosphorization electric arc furnace; the amount of steel and lime added is 15kg, and the steel is removed.
  • the carbon arc furnace slag is added in an amount of 5 kg; the carbon powder is added to the molten pool through the loading bin, the amount of carbon powder added per ton is 30 kg, and the diameter of the carbon powder particles is 600 ⁇ m.
  • Scrap steel melting period electricity is melted and scrap steel, the furnace wall cluster oxygen lance is switched to the burner mode, so that the temperature in the molten pool rises to melt the scrap steel, and the scrap steel can enter the dephosphorization period after melting.
  • the furnace wall cluster oxygen lance has a main oxygen flow rate of 100-800 Nm 3 /h in the burner mode, a gas flow rate of 50-400 Nm 3 /h, and an epoxy flow rate of 50-300 Nm 3 /h.
  • the slag dephosphorization is quickly utilized by the low temperature of the molten pool in the early stage of smelting, and the furnace wall oxygen lance is switched to the oxygen supply mode to make foam slag.
  • the temperature in the furnace is controlled at 1530-1580 ° C.
  • the furnace door is automatically slag operation, and lime is added to the furnace in the middle of dephosphorization smelting.
  • the alkalinity of the slag is controlled at 2.5-3.5; among them, the amount of steel and lime added is 10kg; the oxygen trap of the furnace wall is in the oxygen supply mode.
  • the flow rate is 1000-1500 Nm 3 /h, the gas flow rate is 100-150 Nm 3 /h, and the epoxy flow rate is 100-200 Nm 3 /h.
  • Dephosphorization arc furnace end tapping sampling and measuring the phosphorus content and carbon content in the molten steel after the smelting of the dephosphorization electric arc furnace, after the predetermined tapping standard is adopted, the eccentric bottom is tapped and the steel is used to prevent dephosphorization.
  • the oxidized slag enters the decarburization arc furnace, and the smelting time of the dephosphorization electric arc furnace is controlled at 80 min.
  • the carbon content of the molten steel is controlled between 1.8% and 2.0% (mass%), the phosphorus content of the molten steel is controlled below 0.008%, the tapping temperature is not lower than 1560 °C, and the amount of steel retained in the furnace is 20% of the total molten steel.
  • Decarburization arc furnace feeding period the molten steel in the semi-steel ladle is added to the decarburization electric arc furnace, and the lime and the auxiliary materials are added to the decarburization electric arc furnace.
  • the molten steel can be fed into the furnace by means of unscrewing the furnace cover; the amount of steel and lime added in the furnace is 10 kg.
  • the furnace wall condenser oxygen supply oxygen flow rate is 1200-2000Nm 3 /h
  • the gas flow rate is 100-200Nm 3 /h
  • the buried type spray gun oxygen supply flow is 400-600Nm 3 /h
  • the bottom blowing argon (or carbon dioxide) flow 30 -50 NL/min.
  • End-of-line control of decarburization arc furnace sampling and measuring the phosphorus content, carbon content and molten steel temperature in the molten steel after the smelting, the steel can be tapped after the process requirements are met, and the steel staying operation is adopted to prevent the slag from entering the molten steel, steel
  • the liquid tapping temperature is controlled at 1630-1650 ° C;
  • the carbon content of the molten steel is controlled to be above 0.1% (mass%); the phosphorus content of the molten steel is controlled to be less than 0.003%; the amount of retained steel in the furnace is 20% of the total amount of molten steel, and the slag is discharged from the decarburization arc furnace After returning to the dephosphorization arc furnace, continue to use.
  • the phosphorus content in the molten steel of the electric arc furnace is less than 0.003% (mass%), the nitrogen content is controlled below 0.006% (mass%), [Cu]+[Ti]+[Pb] ⁇ 0.01% (% by mass), the electricity consumption per ton of steel is 350KW.h, and the cleanliness of molten steel is obviously improved.
  • the method is applied to a double smelting clean steel of a 100t+100t electric arc furnace, and the specific method is:
  • Dephosphorization electric arc furnace feeding period adding smelting scrap steel, lime, decarburization electric arc furnace slag and auxiliary materials to dephosphorization electric arc furnace;
  • the scrap steel is fed into the furnace in a continuous feeding manner; the lime, decarburized electric arc furnace slag and auxiliary materials are added together with the scrap steel to the dephosphorization electric arc furnace; the amount of steel and lime added is 10 kg, and the amount of ton steel decarburization electric arc furnace slag is added. It is 5kg.
  • Scrap steel melting period electricity is melted and scraped, the furnace wall concentrating oxygen lance is switched to the burner mode, the temperature in the molten pool is raised to melt the scrap steel, and the carrier gas-carbon powder high-speed powder airflow is sprayed into the molten steel through the embedded spray gun. , to reduce the melting point of scrap steel, after the scrap steel is melted, it can enter the dephosphorization period.
  • the ring gap protection gas is argon gas, the carrier gas flow rate is 500-600Nm 3 /h; the carbon powder injection rate is 20kg/min, the injection protection gas flow rate is 100Nm 3 /h, and the carbon powder particle diameter is 600 ⁇ m.
  • the slag dephosphorization is quickly utilized by the low temperature of the molten pool in the early stage of smelting, the furnace wall oxygen lance is switched to the oxygen supply mode to make the foam slag, and the embedded spray gun continues to spray the carbon powder operation.
  • the internal temperature is controlled at 1540-1560 °C, the automatic slag operation is carried out by the furnace door, and lime is added to the furnace in the middle of dephosphorization smelting, and the alkalinity of the slag is controlled at 2.5-3.5;
  • the oxygen lance in the furnace wall cluster master mode the oxygen supply flow rate of oxygen 1200-1500Nm 3 / h, the gas flow 150-250Nm 3 / h, the flow rate of ethylene 100-300Nm 3 / h; submerged lance carbon injection rate 20kg/min, the amount of carbon powder sprayed per ton of steel in the dephosphorization electric arc furnace is 30kg; the amount of steel and lime added is 15kg.
  • Dephosphorization arc furnace end tapping sampling and measuring the phosphorus content and carbon content in the molten steel after the smelting of the dephosphorization electric arc furnace, after the predetermined tapping standard is adopted, the eccentric bottom is tapped and the steel is used to prevent dephosphorization.
  • the oxidized slag enters the decarburization arc furnace.
  • the smelting time of the dephosphorization electric arc furnace is controlled at 90 min; after the dephosphorization process, the carbon content of the molten steel is controlled between 1.5% and 1.8% (mass percentage), the phosphorus content of the molten steel is controlled below 0.010%, and the tapping temperature is greater than 1540. °C, the amount of steel retained in the furnace is 10%-30% of the total amount of molten steel.
  • Decarburization arc furnace feeding period the molten steel in the ladle is added to the decarburization electric arc furnace, and the lime and the auxiliary materials are added to the decarburization electric arc furnace.
  • the molten steel can be fed into the furnace through the furnace door feeding tank; the amount of steel and lime added in the furnace is 10kg.
  • the furnace wall condenser oxygen supply oxygen flow rate is 1200-2000Nm 3 /h
  • the gas flow rate is 100-200Nm 3 /h
  • the buried type spray gun oxygen supply flow is 400-600Nm 3 /h
  • the bottom blowing argon (or carbon dioxide) flow 30 -50 NL/min.
  • End-of-line control of decarburization arc furnace sampling and measuring the phosphorus content, carbon content and molten steel temperature in the molten steel after the smelting, the steel can be tapped after the process requirements are met, and the steel staying operation is adopted to prevent the slag from entering the molten steel, steel
  • the liquid tapping temperature is controlled at 1630-1650 ° C;
  • the carbon content of the molten steel is controlled to be above 0.1% (mass percent); the phosphorus content of the molten steel is controlled to be less than 0.003%; the amount of retained steel in the furnace is 30% of the total amount of molten steel, and the slag is discharged from the decarburization arc furnace After returning to the dephosphorization arc furnace, continue to use.
  • the phosphorus content in the molten steel of the electric arc furnace is not higher than 0.003% (mass%), and the nitrogen content is controlled below 0.005% (mass%), [Cu]+[Ti]+[Pb] ⁇ 0.01% (mass%), the electricity consumption per ton of steel is below 340KWh, and the cleanliness of molten steel is obviously improved.

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  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
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  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

一种全废钢电弧炉双联冶炼洁净钢的生产方法，使两个工位的电弧炉串联，一工位的电弧炉为脱磷电弧炉（1），二工位的电弧炉为脱碳电弧炉（8）。脱磷电弧炉（1）内可使废钢（2）熔化后脱磷和增碳。钢液经钢包（7）倒入脱碳电弧炉（8），脱碳电弧炉（8）内继续造渣深度脱磷。脱碳期利用脱磷电弧炉（1）的增碳量，向钢液内部喷射氧气，进行脱碳沸腾操作，产生的CO气泡可深度去除[N]、[H]及钢液中杂质，使钢液具有高的洁净度。

Description

一种全废钢电弧炉双联冶炼洁净钢的生产方法 技术领域
本发明属于电弧炉炼钢领域，特别涉及一种全废钢电弧炉双联冶炼洁净钢的生产方法。
背景技术
电弧炉冶炼采用全废钢为原料。全废钢电弧炉冶炼的过程中，脱磷操作是非常重要的工序之一。在全废钢电弧炉脱磷过程中，由于废钢熔点较高，为保证炉内废钢彻底熔化就要使熔池保持较高温度，造成钢液内部脱磷反应难以进行。为解决此问题，传统全废钢电弧炉冶炼主要采用多次造渣的方式，并采用炉门自动流渣操作。然而，每次在造新脱磷渣之前都无法将前一批炉渣彻底排净，使得炉渣脱磷效率明显降低，钢液深度脱磷尤为困难，在冶炼后期随着钢液温度升高钢水“回磷”现象较为严重，同时在多次造渣的过程中造成钢液内铁损较大，资源浪费严重，生产成本明显提高。
在全废钢电弧炉冶炼的过程中，去气除杂过程同样不可忽视。由于全废钢电弧炉废钢熔清后钢液中碳含量较低，造成在脱碳期间钢液内气泡数量明显不足，无法深度去除钢液内[N]、[H]及杂质，导致全废钢电弧炉钢液内[N]、[H]及杂质含量偏高。为弥补钢液中碳含量的不足，传统全废钢电弧炉冶炼主要采用在废钢中添加一定比例含碳铁块的方式试图提高钢液内碳含量，但由于铁块中含碳量不高，仍无法彻底解决钢液内碳含量偏低的问题，造成全废钢电弧炉难以生产洁净钢。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本发明提出一种全废钢电弧炉双联冶炼洁净钢的生产方法，可以解决电弧炉冶炼过程中无法深度脱磷的问题，同时在冶炼前期向钢液内部加入碳粉使钢液增碳，再通过冶炼后期碳氧反应使钢液内部产生大量气泡，可深度去除钢液中[N]、[H]及杂质，使钢液具有高的洁净度。
本发明通过以下技术方案实现：
一种全废钢电弧炉双联冶炼洁净钢的生产方法，该方法使两个工位的电弧炉 串联，第一个工位的电弧炉为脱磷电弧炉，第二个工位的电弧炉为脱碳电弧炉。脱磷电弧炉内可使废钢熔化后脱磷和增碳，脱碳电弧炉可使钢水深脱磷、脱碳、脱气、去杂质。脱磷电弧炉内加入废钢的同时向熔池内部加入碳材，降低废钢熔点及熔池温度，提高钢液碳含量，脱磷期结束后采用偏心炉底出钢并采用留钢操作，保证脱磷过程结束后实现渣钢分离。钢液经钢包倒入脱碳电弧炉，脱碳电弧炉内继续造渣深度脱磷，脱碳电弧炉炉渣还可返回脱磷电弧炉继续使用。脱碳期利用脱磷电弧炉的增碳量，向钢液内部喷射氧气，进行脱碳沸腾操作，产生的CO气泡可深度去除[N]、[H]及钢液中杂质，使钢液具有高的洁净度。
1座脱碳电弧炉可搭配1～3座脱磷电弧炉进行冶炼。具体工艺如下：：
(1)脱磷电弧炉加料期：将冶炼用废钢、石灰、脱碳电弧炉炉渣、辅料及碳粉(或块)加入脱磷电弧炉；
其中，废钢入炉可采取连续加料、竖井加料及料篮加料等方式的任意一种或几种方式；将石灰、脱碳电弧炉炉渣、辅料同废钢一并加入到脱磷电弧炉中；吨钢石灰加入量为0-50kg，吨钢脱碳电弧炉炉渣加入量为0-50kg；碳粉通过加料仓加入到熔池中，吨钢碳材加入(或喷入)量为0-200kg。
(2)废钢熔化期：通电熔化废钢，炉壁集束氧枪切换至烧嘴模式，使熔池内温度升高熔化废钢，同时通过埋入式喷枪向钢液内部喷射载气-碳粉高速粉气流，降低废钢熔点，废钢熔化期时间控制在10-150min，废钢熔清后即可进入脱磷期。其中，炉壁集束氧枪在烧嘴模式下主氧流量100-2000Nm3/h，燃气流量50-1000Nm3/h，环氧流量50-1000Nm3/h；埋入式喷枪载气、环缝保护气为氮气、燃气、二氧化碳的任意一种或两者的混合气体，载气流量50-1000Nm3/h，碳粉喷吹速率0-200kg/min，喷吹保护气流量10-1000Nm3/h，碳粉颗粒直径为15μm-3.0mm。
(3)脱磷期：根据工艺要求利用冶炼前期熔池温度低的特点快速造渣脱磷，炉壁集束氧枪切换至供氧模式造泡沫渣，埋入式喷枪继续喷碳粉操作，炉内温度控制在1530-1580℃，采用炉门自动流渣操作，同时在脱磷冶炼中期向炉内加入石灰，炉渣碱度控制在2.5-3.5；
其中，炉壁集束氧枪在供氧模式下主氧流量50-2000Nm3/h，燃气流量50-1000Nm3/h，环氧流量50-1000Nm3/h；埋入式喷枪碳粉喷吹速率0-200kg/min， 吨钢石灰加入量为5-50kg。
(4)脱磷电弧炉终点出钢至半钢钢包内：脱磷电弧炉冶炼后期取样测取钢液中磷含量和碳含量，达预定出钢标准后采用偏心炉底出钢并采用留钢操作，防止脱磷氧化渣进入脱碳电弧炉。
其中，脱磷电弧炉冶炼时间控制在60-120min；脱磷过程结束后钢液碳含量控制在0.4％-2％(质量百分比)之间，钢液磷含量控制在0.010％以下，出钢温度大于1540℃，炉内留钢量为钢水总量的10％-30％。
(5)脱碳电弧炉加料期：将半钢钢包中的钢水加入脱碳电弧炉，同时将石灰及辅料加入脱碳电弧炉。
其中，钢水入炉可通过炉门或炉壁加料槽或旋开炉盖加料的方式；若在入炉过程中发生特殊情况导致钢水无法入炉，则将钢水直接铸成钢块留用；炉内吨钢石灰加入量5-50kg。
(6)脱碳去气期：钢水入炉后检测钢液温度，通过计算模块结合钢液预定出钢温度及碳含量计算脱碳过程中氧耗及电耗；脱碳电弧炉内继续造渣，炉渣碱度2-3.5。根据计算结果及工艺要求通过炉壁集束氧枪及埋入式喷枪向钢液内部喷吹氧气，同时底吹氩气(或二氧化碳)搅拌，通过碳氧反应及氩气搅拌生成的气泡在上浮过程中深度去除钢液中[N]、[H]及杂质；
其中，炉壁集束氧枪供氧流量50-3000Nm3/h，埋入式喷枪供氧流量50-2000Nm3/h，燃气流量50-1000Nm3/h，底吹氩气(或二氧化碳)流量1-100NL/min，电极通电时间0-100min，吹炼时间10-100min。
(7)脱碳电弧炉终点控制：冶炼后期取样测取钢液中磷含量、碳含量及钢液温度，达到工艺要求后即可出钢，同时采用留钢操作，防止炉渣进入钢水中，钢液出钢温度控制在1550-1700℃；
其中，脱碳过程结束后钢液碳含量控制在0.1％(质量百分比)以上(超低碳钢除外)；钢液磷含量控制在0.003％以下；炉内留钢量为钢水总量的10％-30％，脱碳电弧炉排出炉渣后返回脱磷电弧炉继续使用。
进一步地，所述方法适用于30-250t全废钢电弧炉双联冶炼过程。
进一步地，脱磷电弧炉加脱碳电弧炉的产能，与常规电弧炉的产能基本一致，但生产的钢液质量达到洁净钢的标准，即[Cu]+[Ti]+[Pb]<0.01％，[P]<30ppm， [N]<40ppm等。
进一步地，采用脱磷电弧炉加脱碳电弧炉的生产方法，其钢铁料消耗、辅助材料消耗均低于常规电弧炉材料消耗。
本发明的有益技术效果：
本发明所述方法能够实现全废钢电弧炉双联冶炼洁净钢，电弧炉通过串联的方式使脱磷工艺和脱碳工艺分别在两个电弧炉内进行，通过冶炼前期在钢液内加入碳材从而降低废钢熔点及熔池温度，有效提高脱磷效率。脱磷期结束后采用偏心炉底出钢可彻底实现渣钢分离，避免将脱磷电弧炉炉渣带到脱碳电弧炉。脱碳电弧炉内重新造渣深度脱磷，同时喷吹氧气进行脱碳反应去除钢液中[N]、[H]及杂质。使钢液内磷质量分数可以控制在30*10-6以下；氮质量分数可以控制60*10-6以下，最低可达30*10-6。此方法可显著提高钢液洁净度，提升产品质量。
附图说明
图1为本发明全废钢电弧炉双联冶炼洁净钢过程流程图；
附图标记：1.脱磷电弧炉、2.废钢、3.电极、4.炉壁集束氧枪、5.埋入式喷枪、6.脱磷电弧炉炉渣、7.钢包、8.脱碳电弧炉、9.脱碳电弧炉炉渣
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细描述。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用于解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
相反，本发明涵盖任何由权利要求定义的在本发明的精髓和范围上做的替代、修改、等效方法以及方案。进一步，为了使公众对本发明有更好的了解，在下文对本发明的细节描述中，详尽描述了一些特定的细节部分。对本领域技术人员来说没有这些细节部分的描述也可以完全理解本发明。
实施例1
在本实施例中，所述方法应用于50t+50t电弧炉双联冶炼洁净钢，所述具体方法为：
(1)脱磷电弧炉加料期：将冶炼用废钢、石灰、脱碳电弧炉炉渣、辅料及碳粉 加入脱磷电弧炉；
其中，废钢入炉采用料篮加料(或连续加料)的方式；将石灰、脱碳电弧炉炉渣、辅料同废钢一并加入到脱磷电弧炉中；吨钢石灰加入量为15kg，吨钢脱碳电弧炉炉渣加入量为5kg；碳粉通过加料仓加入到熔池中，吨钢碳粉加入量为30kg，碳粉颗粒直径为600μm。
(2)废钢熔化期：通电熔化废钢，炉壁集束氧枪切换至烧嘴模式，使熔池内温度升高熔化废钢，废钢熔清后即可进入脱磷期。
其中，炉壁集束氧枪在烧嘴模式下主氧流量100-800Nm3/h，燃气流量50-400Nm3/h，环氧流量50-300Nm3/h。
(3)脱磷期：根据工艺要求利用冶炼前期熔池温度低的特点快速造渣脱磷，炉壁集束氧枪切换至供氧模式造泡沫渣，炉内温度控制在1530-1580℃，采用炉门自动流渣操作，同时在脱磷冶炼中期向炉内加入石灰，炉渣碱度控制在2.5-3.5；其中，吨钢石灰加入量为10kg；炉壁集束氧枪在供氧模式下主氧流量1000-1500Nm3/h，燃气流量100-150Nm3/h，环氧流量100-200Nm3/h。
(4)脱磷电弧炉终点出钢：脱磷电弧炉冶炼后期取样测取钢液中磷含量和碳含量，达预定出钢标准后采用偏心炉底出钢并采用留钢操作，防止脱磷氧化渣进入脱碳电弧炉，脱磷电弧炉冶炼时间控制在80min。
其中，脱磷过程结束后钢液碳含量控制在1.8％-2.0％(质量百分比)之间，钢液磷含量控制在0.008％以下，出钢温度不低于1560℃，炉内留钢量为钢水总量的20％。
(5)脱碳电弧炉加料期：将半钢钢包中的钢水加入脱碳电弧炉，同时将石灰及辅料加入脱碳电弧炉。
其中，钢水入炉可通过旋开炉盖加料的方式；炉内吨钢石灰加入量10kg。
(6)脱碳去气期：钢水入炉后检测钢液温度，通过计算模块结合钢液预定出钢温度及碳含量计算脱碳过程中氧耗及电耗；脱碳电弧炉内继续造渣，炉渣碱度2-3.5。根据计算结果及工艺要求通过炉壁集束氧枪及埋入式喷枪向钢液内部喷吹氧气，同时底吹氩气(或二氧化碳)搅拌，通过碳氧反应及氩气搅拌生成的气泡在上浮过程中深度去除钢液中[N]、[H]及杂质；
其中，炉壁集束氧枪供氧流量1200-2000Nm3/h，燃气流量100-200Nm3/h，埋入 式喷枪供氧流量400-600Nm3/h，底吹氩气(或二氧化碳)流量30-50NL/min。
(7)脱碳电弧炉终点控制：冶炼后期取样测取钢液中磷含量、碳含量及钢液温度，达到工艺要求后即可出钢，同时采用留钢操作，防止炉渣进入钢水中，钢液出钢温度控制在1630-1650℃；
其中，脱碳过程结束后钢液碳含量控制在0.1％(质量百分比)以上；钢液磷含量控制在0.003％以下；炉内留钢量为钢水总量的20％，脱碳电弧炉排出炉渣后返回脱磷电弧炉继续使用。
采用本发明所述方法后，电弧炉冶炼钢液中磷含量小于0.003％(质量百分比)，氮含量控制在0.006％(质量百分比)以下，[Cu]+[Ti]+[Pb]<0.01％(质量百分比)，吨钢电耗350KW.h，钢液洁净度明显提升。
实施例2
在本实施例中，所述方法应用于100t+100t电弧炉双联冶炼洁净钢，所述具体方法为：
(1)脱磷电弧炉加料期：将冶炼用废钢、石灰、脱碳电弧炉炉渣、辅料加入脱磷电弧炉；
其中，废钢入炉采取连续加料的方式；将石灰、脱碳电弧炉炉渣、辅料同废钢一并加入到脱磷电弧炉中；吨钢石灰加入量为10kg，吨钢脱碳电弧炉炉渣加入量为5kg。
(2)废钢熔化期：通电熔化废钢，炉壁集束氧枪切换至烧嘴模式，使熔池内温度升高熔化废钢，同时通过埋入式喷枪向钢液内部喷射载气-碳粉高速粉气流，降低废钢熔点，废钢熔清后即可进入脱磷期。
其中，其中，炉壁集束氧枪在烧嘴模式下主氧流量200-1000Nm3/h，燃气流量50-400Nm3/h，环氧流量50-300Nm3/h；埋入式喷枪载气、环缝保护气为氩气，载气流量500-600Nm3/h；碳粉喷吹速率20kg/min，喷吹保护气流量100Nm3/h，碳粉颗粒直径为600μm。
(3)脱磷期：根据工艺要求利用冶炼前期熔池温度低的特点快速造渣脱磷，炉壁集束氧枪切换至供氧模式造泡沫渣，埋入式喷枪继续喷碳粉操作，炉内温度控制在1540-1560℃，采用炉门自动流渣操作，同时在脱磷冶炼中期向炉内加入石灰，炉渣碱度控制在2.5-3.5；
其中，炉壁集束氧枪在供氧模式下主氧流量1200-1500Nm3/h，燃气流量150-250Nm3/h，环氧流量100-300Nm3/h；埋入式喷枪碳粉喷吹速率20kg/min，脱磷电弧炉内吨钢碳粉喷吹量为30kg；吨钢石灰加入量为15kg。
(4)脱磷电弧炉终点出钢：脱磷电弧炉冶炼后期取样测取钢液中磷含量和碳含量，达预定出钢标准后采用偏心炉底出钢并采用留钢操作，防止脱磷氧化渣进入脱碳电弧炉。
其中，脱磷电弧炉冶炼时间控制在90min；脱磷过程结束后钢液碳含量控制在1.5％-1.8％(质量百分比)之间，钢液磷含量控制在0.010％以下，出钢温度大于1540℃，炉内留钢量为钢水总量的10％-30％。
(5)脱碳电弧炉加料期：将钢包中的钢水加入脱碳电弧炉，同时将石灰及辅料加入脱碳电弧炉。
其中，钢水入炉可通过炉门加料槽加料的方式；炉内吨钢石灰加入量10kg。
(6)脱碳去气期：钢水入炉后检测钢液温度，通过计算模块结合钢液预定出钢温度及碳含量计算脱碳过程中氧耗及电耗；脱碳电弧炉内继续造渣，炉渣碱度2-3.5。根据计算结果及工艺要求通过炉壁集束氧枪及埋入式喷枪向钢液内部喷吹氧气，同时底吹氩气(或二氧化碳)搅拌，通过碳氧反应及氩气搅拌生成的气泡在上浮过程中深度去除钢液中[N]、[H]及杂质；
其中，炉壁集束氧枪供氧流量1200-2000Nm3/h，燃气流量100-200Nm3/h，埋入式喷枪供氧流量400-600Nm3/h，底吹氩气(或二氧化碳)流量30-50NL/min。
(7)脱碳电弧炉终点控制：冶炼后期取样测取钢液中磷含量、碳含量及钢液温度，达到工艺要求后即可出钢，同时采用留钢操作，防止炉渣进入钢水中，钢液出钢温度控制在1630-1650℃；
其中，脱碳过程结束后钢液碳含量控制在0.1％(质量百分比)以上；钢液磷含量控制在0.003％以下；炉内留钢量为钢水总量的30％，脱碳电弧炉排出炉渣后返回脱磷电弧炉继续使用。
采用本发明所述方法后，电弧炉冶炼钢液中磷含量不高于0.003％(质量百分比)，氮含量控制在0.005％(质量百分比)以下，[Cu]+[Ti]+[Pb]<0.01％(质量百分比)，吨钢电耗340KWh以下，钢液洁净度明显提升。

Claims (3)

  1. 一种全废钢电弧炉双联冶炼洁净钢的生产方法，其特征在于，1座脱碳电弧炉搭配1～3座脱磷电弧炉进行冶炼；具体工艺如下：
    (1)脱磷电弧炉加料期：将冶炼用废钢、石灰、脱碳电弧炉炉渣、辅料及碳粉或块加入脱磷电弧炉；
    其中，废钢入炉采取连续加料、竖井加料及料篮加料的任意一种或几种方式；将石灰、脱碳电弧炉炉渣、辅料同废钢一并加入到脱磷电弧炉中；吨钢石灰加入量为0-50kg，吨钢脱碳电弧炉炉渣加入量为0-50kg；碳粉通过加料仓加入到熔池中，吨钢碳材加入或喷入量为0-200kg；
    (2)废钢熔化期：通电熔化废钢，炉壁集束氧枪切换至烧嘴模式，使熔池内温度升高熔化废钢，同时通过埋入式喷枪向钢液内部喷射载气-碳粉高速粉气流，降低废钢熔点，废钢熔化期时间控制在10-150min，废钢熔清后即进入脱磷期；其中，炉壁集束氧枪在烧嘴模式下主氧流量100-2000Nm3/h，燃气流量50-1000Nm3/h，环氧流量50-1000Nm3/h；埋入式喷枪载气、环缝保护气为氮气、燃气、二氧化碳的任意一种或两者的混合气体，载气流量50-1000Nm3/h，碳粉喷吹速率0-200kg/min，喷吹保护气流量10-1000Nm3/h，碳粉颗粒直径为15μm-3.0mm；
    (3)脱磷期：根据工艺要求利用冶炼前期熔池温度低的特点快速造渣脱磷，炉壁集束氧枪切换至供氧模式造泡沫渣，埋入式喷枪继续喷碳粉操作，炉内温度控制在1530-1580℃，采用炉门自动流渣操作，同时在脱磷冶炼中期向炉内加入石灰，炉渣碱度控制在2.5-3.5；
    其中，炉壁集束氧枪在供氧模式下主氧流量50-2000Nm3/h，燃气流量50-1000Nm3/h，环氧流量50-1000Nm3/h；埋入式喷枪碳粉喷吹速率0-200kg/min，吨钢石灰加入量为5-50kg；
    (4)脱磷电弧炉终点出钢至半钢钢包内：脱磷电弧炉冶炼后期取样测取钢液中磷含量和碳含量，达预定出钢标准后采用偏心炉底出钢并采用留钢操作，防止脱磷氧化渣进入脱碳电弧炉；
    其中，脱磷电弧炉冶炼时间控制在60-120min；脱磷过程结束后钢液碳含量控制在0.4％-2wt％之间，钢液磷含量控制在0.010％以下，出钢温度大于1540℃，炉内留钢量为钢水总量的10％-30％；
    (5)脱碳电弧炉加料期：将半钢钢包中的钢水加入脱碳电弧炉，同时将石灰及辅料加入脱碳电弧炉；
    其中，钢水入炉通过炉门或炉壁加料槽或旋开炉盖加料的方式；若在入炉过程中发生特殊情况导致钢水无法入炉，则将钢水直接铸成钢块留用；炉内吨钢石灰加入量2-50kg；
    (6)脱碳去气期：钢水入炉后检测钢液温度，通过计算模块结合钢液预定出钢温度及碳含量计算脱碳过程中氧耗及电耗；脱碳电弧炉内继续造渣，炉渣碱度2-3.5；根据计算结果及工艺要求通过炉壁集束氧枪及埋入式喷枪向钢液内部喷吹氧气，同时底吹氩气或二氧化碳搅拌，通过碳氧反应及氩气搅拌生成的气泡在上浮过程中深度去除钢液中[N]、[H]及杂质；
    其中，炉壁集束氧枪供氧流量50-3000Nm3/h，埋入式喷枪供氧流量50-2000Nm3/h，燃气流量50-1000Nm3/h，底吹氩气或二氧化碳流量1-100NL/min，电极通电时间0-100min，吹炼时间10-100min；
    (7)脱碳电弧炉终点控制：冶炼后期取样测取钢液中磷含量、碳含量及钢液温度，达到工艺要求后即可出钢，同时采用留钢操作，防止炉渣进入钢水中，钢液出钢温度控制在1550-1700℃；
    其中，脱碳过程结束后钢液碳含量控制在0.1wt％以上、超低碳钢除外；钢液磷含量控制在0.003％以下；脱碳电弧炉排出炉渣后返回脱磷电弧炉继续使用。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述一种全废钢电弧炉双联冶炼洁净钢的生产方法，其特征在于，所述方法适用于30-250t全废钢电弧炉双联冶炼过程。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述一种全废钢电弧炉双联冶炼洁净钢的生产方法，其特征在于，脱磷电弧炉加脱碳电弧炉的产能与常规电弧炉的产能一致，但生产的钢液质量达到洁净钢的标准，即[Cu]+[Ti]+[Pb]<0.01％，[P]<30ppm，[N]<40ppm。
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