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WO2018133711A1 - 一种桥墩基础及其施工法 - Google Patents

一种桥墩基础及其施工法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018133711A1
WO2018133711A1 PCT/CN2018/071980 CN2018071980W WO2018133711A1 WO 2018133711 A1 WO2018133711 A1 WO 2018133711A1 CN 2018071980 W CN2018071980 W CN 2018071980W WO 2018133711 A1 WO2018133711 A1 WO 2018133711A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
chain
pier
pier foundation
foundation
cutter
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2018/071980
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王燏斌
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of WO2018133711A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018133711A1/zh
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D23/00—Caissons; Construction or placing of caissons
    • E02D23/08—Lowering or sinking caissons
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a bridge pier foundation and a construction method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of bridge engineering foundation construction.
  • the existing pier foundation technology generally adopts the construction method of first cofferdam and then excavation, with long construction period, high labor intensity and poor working environment safety.
  • the existing foundation technology of the sinking well is based on excavation in the well and relies on its own gravity to overcome the frictional resistance of the well wall and sink to the design elevation to seal the bottom.
  • the main defects are: long construction period, high cost, difficult to correct, and encountered well When an obstacle such as a bottom stone is used, the blade foot is difficult to overcome and is prone to suddenness and is prone to accidents.
  • the present invention proposes a pier foundation and a construction method thereof, the purpose of which is to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art.
  • the main advantages are as follows: 1) The pier foundation 1 can be manufactured in whole or in sections in the prefabrication field, or it can be lowered while pouring in the fixed formwork on site, and the construction is convenient; 2) the structure is simple; 3) the whole sinks on the site, The construction period is short and the cost is low.
  • the sinking foundation is manufactured in the prefabricated section, and it can also be lowered in the fixed formwork on the site, the construction is simple and good quality; 2) the whole sinking at the site, The construction period is short and the cost is low; 3) It is especially suitable for the construction of obstacles such as boulder in the bottom of the well.
  • the technical solution of the invention is that the bottom of the foundation of the pier is provided with a chain knife running track, and a chain cutter for excavating rock and earth is installed on the track during construction, the chain knife is composed of a chain and a cutter fixed on the chain; the chain excavating device is mainly It consists of a chain cutter and a transmission device.
  • the transmission device is mainly composed of a sprocket and a driving device.
  • the driving device drives the chain cutter.
  • the chain cutter runs along the track.
  • the cutter at the bottom of the pier foundation excavates the rock and soil, and the chain cutter running vertically upwards will The excavated rock and soil is sent to the top, and the chain cutter and the pier foundation at the bottom of the pier foundation are lowered together.
  • the prefabrication method is divided into the following steps:
  • the cast-in method is divided into the following steps:
  • the invention has the advantages that the defects of the prior art are overcome, and since the pier foundation itself has a chain excavating device, the overall excavation of the site can be used to prefabricate the pier foundation in the workshop, or the side can be poured in the fixed template on the site.
  • the construction is simple, especially the overall waterproofing is particularly good, the construction period is short, and the cost is low.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a pier foundation 1 and a structural schematic view of the chain excavation device 2 when excavating the rock at the bottom of the pier foundation, and also the bottom track of the pier foundation 1 has a height difference, which facilitates the operation of the chain cutter 3 at the intersection.
  • Figure 2 is a view in the direction of arrow A of Figure 1, and is also a schematic structural view of the driving device 4, the tensioning device 5 and the sprocket 6 constituting the chain excavating device 2;
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of Figure 1, and is a schematic view showing the structure of the chain cutter 3 excavating the rock and soil horizontal conveyor 7-1 at the bottom of the pier foundation;
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of Figure 1, and is also a schematic structural view of a vertical geotechnical conveyor 7-2 composed of a chain cutter 3 and a side cover 1-3;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the chain cutter 3, and (a) is a schematic structural view of the chain 3-1 and the cutter 3-2, and is also composed of A ten-byte 3-1-1 and B ten-byte 3-1-2. Schematic diagram of the ten-byte structure of the chain 3-1; also a schematic diagram of the structure in which the chain 3-1 realizes space bending. (b) is a schematic structural view of the chain cutter composed of the rope 3-1B and the cutter 3-2B; also a schematic structural view of the rope 3-1B and the cutter 3-2B;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the construction of the foundation of the pier foundation 1;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the B-method construction of the pier foundation 1, and is also a schematic structural view of the bottom rail B-1 and the pouring formwork B-4, and is also a structural schematic view of the upper frame B-3 being fixed on the working platform without lifting;
  • Figure 8 is a plan view of the A1 type pier foundation 8-1, the lower part of the ground is indicated by a broken line, and the chain cutter 3 can replace the tool 3-2 on the chain on the working platform to adapt to different geological conditions of different depths;
  • Figure 9 is a view taken along the line A in Figure 8.
  • Figure 10 is a B-B view of Figure 9, and is also a schematic structural view of the above part of the A1 type pier foundation 8-1;
  • Figure 11 is a C-C view of Figure 9, and is also a schematic structural view of the underside of the A1 type pier foundation 8-1;
  • Figure 12 is a plan view of the A2 type pier foundation 8-2, the lower part of which is indicated by a broken line;
  • Figure 13 is a view taken along line A of Figure 12;
  • Figure 14 is a B-B view of Figure 13, and is also a schematic structural view of the A2 type pier foundation 8-2 above the ground;
  • Figure 15 is a C-C view of Figure 13, and is also a schematic structural view of the underside of the A2 type pier foundation 8-2;
  • Figure 16 is a plan view of the A3 type pier foundation 8-3, the lower part of the ground is indicated by a broken line;
  • Figure 17 is a view taken along the line A in Figure 16;
  • Figure 18 is a B-B view of Figure 17, and is also a schematic view of the A3 type pier foundation 8-3 above the ground;
  • Figure 19 is a C-C view of Figure 17, and is also a schematic structural view of the A3 type pier foundation 8-3 below the ground;
  • Figure 20 is a plan view of the A4 type pier foundation 8-4, the lower part of which is indicated by a broken line;
  • Figure 21 is a view taken along line A of Figure 20;
  • Figure 22 is a B-B view of Figure 21, and is also a schematic structural view of the A4 type pier foundation 8-4 above the ground;
  • Figure 23 is a plan view of the B1 type pier foundation 9-1, and is also a structural schematic view of the B1 type pier foundation 9-1 formed by embedding four plates;
  • Figure 24 is a view in the direction of arrow A of Figure 23, and is also a structural schematic view of each of the plates constituting the B1 type pier foundation 9-1 in the set order with the chain cutter 3 at the bottom thereof;
  • Figure 25 is a B-direction view of Figure 23, and is also a schematic structural view of a vertical geotechnical conveying device 7-2 composed of a chain cutter 3 and a side cover 1-3;
  • Figure 26 is a C-C view of Figure 23, which is also a structural schematic view of the bottom end opening of the B1 type pier foundation 9-1, and the concrete capping at the ground height position increases the carrying capacity;
  • FIG. 27 is a schematic view showing the structure of the B2 type pier foundation 9-2, which is a structural view of the sprocket 6 and the chain cutter 3 of the chain excavating device 2, and also the B2 type pier foundation 9-2 is completely sunk together with the chain cutter 3 at the bottom.
  • Schematic diagram of the time, the section below the ground of the B2 type pier foundation is consistent with the cross-sectional shape of the above ground part, that is, the pier section is the same as the foundation section;
  • Figure 28 is a view in the direction of arrow A of Figure 27, and is also a schematic view of the bridge on the top of the B2 type pier foundation 9-2.
  • the B2 type pier foundation 9-2 is internally welded and sealed at the ground height position to increase the axial load carrying capacity;
  • Figure 29 is a B-B view of Figure 28;
  • Figure 30 is a schematic view showing the structure of the B3 type pier foundation 9-3.
  • the structure below the ground of the B3 type pier foundation is different from the structure above the ground, that is, the pier section is different from the foundation section;
  • Figure 31 is a view taken along line A-A of Figure 30;
  • Figure 32 is a schematic structural view of a B4 type pier foundation 9-4;
  • Figure 33 is a view taken along line A in Figure 32;
  • Figure 34 is a B-B view of Figure 33;
  • FIG 35 is a schematic view of the structure of the B5 type pier foundation 9-5.
  • the B5 type pier foundation is mainly used for the higher main pier foundation.
  • the four pier foundations share one foundation, and each pier foundation has a construction channel reserved for the lower foundation.
  • the bottom cap is reinforced to increase the bearing capacity of the pier foundation;
  • Figure 36 is a view taken along the line A in Figure 35;
  • FIG. 37 is a B-B view of FIG. 35, and is a structural schematic view of the reserved construction channel inside the pier foundation entering the lower foundation for bottom capping reinforcement, and increasing the bearing capacity of the pier foundation;
  • the C-type pier foundation 10 mainly includes a bottom foundation 10-1, a immersed pipe 10-2, and a connecting beam 10-3, which is suitable for deep water;
  • Figure 39 is a view taken along line A-A of Figure 38;
  • Figure 40 is a B-B view of Figure 38
  • Figure 41 is a partial enlarged view of I of Figure 38;
  • Figure 42 is a plan view of the caisson foundation 11;
  • Figure 43 is a view taken along line A-A of Figure 42;
  • Figure 44 is a structural schematic view of the bottom rail and the side rail of the pier foundation 1, the type of the rail includes five kinds of a, b, c1, c2 and d, wherein a is a flat type, b is a convex type, and c is a concave type;
  • Figure 45 is a schematic view showing the structure of the d-shaped rail and the chain cutter of the pier foundation 1;
  • Fig. 46 is a structural schematic view showing that d is a longitudinally multi-row staggered tapered track.
  • 1 in the figure is the pier foundation with the excavating device at the bottom; 1-1 is the track running the chain cutter 3 at the bottom of the pier foundation 1; 1-2 is the track running the chain cutter 3 on the side of the pier foundation 1; 1-3 is the bottom belt a side cover of the edge of the pier foundation 1; 2 is a chain excavation device composed of a chain cutter 3, a driving device 4, a tensioning device 5, a sprocket 6, etc.; 3 is a chain cutter constituting the chain excavating device 2; -1 is the chain constituting the chain cutter 3, including the crawler, the rope and the flexible belt; 3-1-1 is the A ten-byte which constitutes the ten-byte of the chain; 3-1-2 is the B-cross which constitutes the ten-byte of the chain Section 3-1B is a steel cable constituting the chain cutter 3; 3-2 is a cutter for excavating the rock soil fixed on the chain 3-1; 3-2B is a cutter for excavating the rock soil fixed on the steel cable 3-1B 4 is
  • the bottom of the foundation of the pier is provided with a chain knife running track.
  • a chain cutter for excavating rock and earth is installed on the track
  • the chain knife is composed of a chain and a cutter fixed on the chain
  • the chain excavating device is mainly composed of a chain cutter and a transmission.
  • the device is composed of a device such as a sprocket and a driving device; the driving device drives the chain knife, the chain knife runs along the track, the cutter at the bottom of the pier foundation excavates the rock and soil, and the chain knife that runs vertically upwards will excavate the rock and soil Sent to the top, the chain knife at the bottom of the pier foundation and the foundation of the pier are lowered together.
  • the chain cutter replaces the cutter on the chain on the work platform or in the passage to adapt to different geological conditions at different depths.
  • the chain cutter is a multi-row chain cutter in the width direction, and the multi-row chain cutter performs simultaneous excavation or separate excavation as needed.
  • the construction method of the pier foundation is a prefabrication method, which is divided into the following steps:
  • the construction method of the pier foundation is the cast-in-place method, and the concrete except the bottom of the pier foundation is poured in the fixed formwork on the site, and the fixed formwork does not move during the construction, and the bottom of the pier foundation is poured with the bottom of the earth and earth.
  • the chain excavation device is installed on the frame, the frame is composed of the intermediate frame and the upper frame, the bottom of the intermediate frame is connected with the bottom of the pier foundation, the top of the intermediate frame is connected with the upper frame, and the middle frame is installed.
  • the track with the chain cutter running, the middle frame is the integral part of the foundation steel cage of the pier, and the chain cutter and the closed cavity of the intermediate frame from the bottom up constitute a chain-type vertical soil conveyor, with the bottom of the foundation of the pier foundation Sink, the intermediate device also sinks synchronously;
  • the upper frame is fixed on the work platform or fixed on the top of the intermediate frame, the upper frame is equipped with a chain drive device and a tensioning device, and the chain at the bottom of the pier foundation passes through the intermediate frame and the upper portion
  • the driving device of the frame and the tensioning device are connected; the cast-in method is divided into the following steps:
  • the pier foundation is the A-type pier foundation.
  • the pier foundation is a B-type pier foundation.
  • the bridge pier foundation C-type pier foundation The bridge pier foundation C-type pier foundation.
  • the pier foundation is the sinking foundation.
  • the chain constituting the chain cutter is a generalized chain including a crawler belt, a rope and a flexible belt.
  • the piers are provided with rails 1-1 and 1-2 in which the chain excavating device 2 is operated, and the chain excavating device 2 is composed of a chain cutter 3, a driving device 4, a tensioning device 5, and a sprocket. 6 composition, the chain knife 3 is composed of a chain 3-1 and a cutter 3-2 fixed on the chain; the driving device 4 drives the chain 3-1 during construction, and the chain 3-1 drives the cutter 3-2 to run along the track, the pier foundation
  • the bottom tool 3-2 excavates the rock and soil.
  • the horizontal chain cutter 3-2 at the bottom of the pier foundation is also a horizontal geotechnical conveyor 7-1.
  • the chain knife 3-2 and the side cover 1-3 moving upward from the bottom form a chain.
  • the pier foundation is divided into the following steps by the A method prefabrication method:
  • the prefabricated parts of the pier foundation 1 can be assembled on the ground, or they can be assembled while sinking, as shown in C in the figure;
  • the pier foundation is divided into the following steps by the B method:
  • the chain drive device 4, the tensioning device 5, the bottom rail B-1, the intermediate frame B-2, the upper frame B-3 chain 3-1 are connected to form a chain excavation device 2;
  • the pier foundation 1 is the A1 type pier foundation 8-1, the lower part of the ground is I-shaped, and the ground above is a figure.
  • the cross-sectional area of the pier below the ground is larger than the cross-section area of the pier above the ground. Strong ability, small footprint on the ground above the pier.
  • the pier foundation 1 is the A2 type pier foundation 8-2, the lower part of the ground is I-shaped, and the ground above is one-line on each side.
  • the cross-sectional area of the pier below the ground is larger than the cross-section area of the pier above the ground. Large, strong carrying capacity, the pier above the ground is in a shape on both sides.
  • the pier foundation 1 is the A3 type pier foundation 8-3, the lower part of the ground is I-shaped, and the ground above is a cross type on each side.
  • the cross-section of the pier above the ground is large and the rigidity is good.
  • the pier foundation 1 is the A4 type pier foundation 8-4, the lower part of the ground is I-shaped, and the ground above is a cylindrical type on both sides.
  • the cross-sectional area of the pier below the ground is larger than the cross-section area of the pier above the ground. , carrying capacity is strong.
  • the pier foundation 1 is a B1 type pier foundation 9-1, and the lower part of the ground is a well-shaped pier, and the lower end is open, and concrete capping is placed at the surface height to increase the bearing capacity.
  • the pier foundation 1 is a B2 type pier foundation 9-2, and the cross-sectional shape of the pier above the ground is the same as that of the pier below the ground, and both are well-shaped, and the lower end of the pier is open. Pouring concrete caps at height locations increases load carrying capacity.
  • the pier foundation 1 is the B3 type pier foundation 9-3.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the pier above the ground is different from the cross section of the pier below the ground.
  • the ground below is the well type, and the ground above is hollow. rectangle.
  • the pier foundation 1 is a B4 type pier foundation 9-4
  • the lower part of the ground is a well type
  • the above part of the ground has a cross shape at each of the four corners
  • the pier above the ground has good rigidity. Strong carrying capacity, suitable for the main pier.
  • the pier foundation 1 is the B5 type pier foundation 9-5
  • the lower part of the ground is the well-shaped pier foundation
  • the four piers share one foundation
  • each pier has a construction channel to enter the lower foundation.
  • the bottom capping reinforcement is carried out to increase the bearing capacity of the pier, which is suitable for the main pier of the cable bridge.
  • the pier foundation 1 is a C-type pier foundation 10, which is suitable for deep water area.
  • the immersed pipe 10-2 and the connecting beam 10-3 form a dry bottom construction environment, and the pier is constructed at the bottom of the immersed pipe.
  • Foundation 10-1, pier foundation 10-1 is a well-shaped pier, with a chain knife at the bottom, and the chain cutter excavates the rock-soil pier and the chain knife to descend. After reaching the set depth, the roof is reinforced, so that the pier foundation 10-1 and the immersed pipe
  • the 10-2 and the connecting beam 10-3 constitute a deep water C-type pier foundation 10.
  • the pier foundation 1 is a caisson foundation, which is suitable for deep water areas and large pier foundations.

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Abstract

一种桥墩基础，桥墩基础(1)的底部设有供链式挖掘装置(2)运行的轨道(1-1)，链式挖掘装置(2)主要由链刀(3)和传动装置组成，链刀(3)由链条(3-1)和固定于链条(3-1)上的刀具(3-2)组成，传动装置主要由链轮(6)和驱动装置(4)组成；驱动装置(4)驱动链刀(3)，链刀(3)沿着轨道(1-1)运行，桥墩基础(1)底部的链式挖掘装置(2)挖掘岩土，垂直向上运行的链刀(3)将已挖掘的岩土送至上方，桥墩基础(1)底部的链刀(3)和桥墩基础(1)一起下降。还提供了一种桥墩基础施工方法。桥墩基础(1)自身带有链式挖掘装置(2)，不需现场整体开挖，可以在工场预制桥墩基础，也可以在现场的固定模板中边浇筑边下降，施工简单，成本低。

Description

一种桥墩基础及其施工法 技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种桥墩基础及其施工法，属于桥梁工程基础施工技术领域。
背景技术
现有桥墩基础技术一般采用先围堰再开挖的施工方式，施工周期长，劳动强度大，工作环境安全度差。
现有沉井基础技术，它是以井内挖土，依靠自身重力克服井壁摩擦阻力下沉到设计标高后进行封底而成的基础；其主要缺陷：施工周期长造价高，纠偏难，遇井底孤石等障碍物时，刃脚难于克服易出现突沉，易出事故等。
发明内容
本发明提出的是一种桥墩基础及其施工法，其目的旨在克服现有技术存在的缺陷。
其主要优点：1)桥墩基础1在预制场既可整体又可分段制造，也可以在现场的固定模板中边浇筑边下降，施工方便；2)结构简单；3)在现场整体下沉，施工周期短，成本低。
如应用在沉井基础领域，其主要优点：1)沉井基础在预制场分段制造，也可以在现场的固定模板中边浇筑边下降，施工简单质量好；2)在现场整体下沉，施工周期短，成本低；3)特别适合井底有孤石等障碍物的施工。
本发明的技术解决方案：桥墩基础的底部设有链刀运行的轨道，施工时轨道上安装有挖掘岩土的链刀，链刀由链条和固定于链条上的刀具组成；链式挖掘装置主要由链刀和传动装置等组成，传动装置主要由链轮和驱动装置等组成；驱动装置驱动链刀，链刀沿着轨道运行，桥墩基础底部的刀具挖掘岩土，垂直向上运行的链刀将已挖掘的岩土送至上方，桥墩基础底部的链刀和桥墩基础一起下降。
预制法分如下步骤：
1)在工场分块或整体预制桥墩基础；
2)运至现场拼装桥墩基础并蹲位，并在其底部的轨道上安装链刀；
3)安装链条驱动等装置，连接安装有刀具的链条；
4)驱动链条，链刀挖掘桥墩基础底部的岩土，经垂直向上运行的链刀带至上方，底部的链刀和桥墩基础随之下降；
5)下降至设计深度后灌浆，或拆除链刀后再灌浆。
现浇法分如下步骤：
1)清理现场，搭建作业平台；
2)组装桥墩基础底部，并在其底部的轨道上安装链刀；
3)组装中间机架、上部机架和浇筑模板；
4)安装链条驱动装置、张紧装置，将桥墩基础底部、中间机架、上部机架的链刀连接成一体，组成链式挖掘装置；
5)制作钢筋笼，在模板中浇筑混凝土；
6)驱动链条，链条带动刀具沿着轨道运行，桥墩基础底部的链刀挖掘岩土，垂直向上运行的链刀将已挖掘的岩土输送至上方，桥墩基础随之下降；
7)随着桥墩基础底部的下降，模板中的桥墩基础边浇筑边下降；
8)下降至设计深度拆除链刀后灌浆，拆除浇筑模板。
本发明的优点：克服了现有技术存在的缺陷，由于桥墩基础自身带有链式挖掘装置，所以不需现场整体开挖可以在工场预制桥墩基础，也可以在现场的固定模板中边浇筑边下降，施工简单，尤其是整体下降防水特别好，施工周期短，成本低。
附图说明
图1是桥墩基础1的结构示意图，也是链式挖掘装置2挖掘桥墩基础底部岩土时的结构示意图，也是桥墩基础1的底部轨道是有高度差的，便于链刀3在相交处的运行的结构示意图；
图2是图1的A向视图，也是组成链式挖掘装置2的驱动装置4、张紧装置5和链轮6的结构示意图；
图3是图1的B-B剖视图，也是链刀3在桥墩基础底部既挖掘岩土又是岩土水平输送机7-1的结构示意图；
图4是图1的C-C剖视图，也是由链刀3和侧面罩1-3组成的垂直岩土输送机7-2的结构示意图；
图5是链刀3的结构示意图，(a)是链条3-1和刀具3-2的结构示意图，也是由A 十字节3-1-1和B十字节3-1-2组成的链条3-1的十字节的结构示意图；也是链条3-1实现空间弯曲的结构示意图。(b)是链刀由绳索3-1B和刀具3-2B组成的结构示意图；也是绳索3-1B和刀具3-2B的结构示意图；
图6是桥墩基础1的A法施工示意图；
图7是桥墩基础1的B法施工示意图，也是底部轨道B-1、浇筑模板B-4的结构示意图，也是上部机架B-3固定于作业平台不升降的结构示意图；
图8是A1型桥墩基础8-1的俯视图，其地面以下部分用虚线表示，链刀3可以在作业平台上更换链条上的刀具3-2，以适应不同深度的不同地质条件；
图9是图8的A向视图；
图10是图9的B-B视图,也是A1型桥墩基础8-1地面以上部分结构示意图；
图11是图9的C-C视图,也是A1型桥墩基础8-1地面以下部分结构示意图；
图12是A2型桥墩基础8-2的俯视图，其地面以下部分用虚线表示；
图13是图12的A向视图；
图14是图13的B-B视图,也是A2型桥墩基础8-2地面以上部分结构示意图；
图15是图13的C-C视图,也是A2型桥墩基础8-2地面以下部分结构示意图；
图16是A3型桥墩基础8-3的俯视图，其地面以下部分用虚线表示；
图17是图16的A向视图；
图18是图17的B-B视图,也是A3型桥墩基础8-3地面以上部分结构示意图；
图19是图17的C-C视图,也是A3型桥墩基础8-3地面以下部分结构示意图；
图20是A4型桥墩基础8-4的俯视图，其地面以下部分用虚线表示；
图21是图20的A向视图；
图22是图21的B-B视图,也是A4型桥墩基础8-4地面以上部分结构示意图；
图23是B1型桥墩基础9-1的俯视图，也是由四块板相互嵌入形成的B1型桥墩基础9-1的结构示意图；
图24是图23的A向视图，也是组成B1型桥墩基础9-1的每一块板按设定的顺序随其底部的链刀3一起依次下沉时的结构示意图；
图25是图23的B向视图，也是由链刀3和侧面罩1-3组成的垂直岩土输送装置7-2的结构示意图；
图26是图23的C-C视图，也是B1型桥墩基础9-1下端开口，在地面高度位置 浇筑混凝土封顶增加承载能力的结构示意图；
图27是B2型桥墩基础9-2的结构示意图，是链式挖掘装置2的链轮6及链刀3结构示意图，也是B2型桥墩基础9-2随着底部的链刀3一起整体下沉时的结构示意图，B2型桥墩基础地面以下部分跟地面以上部分的截面形状一致,即墩身截面与基础截面相同；
图28是图27的A向视图，也是B2型桥墩基础9-2顶部架设桥梁的示意图，B2型桥墩基础9-2在地面高度位置内部浇筑混凝土焊接封住，增加轴向承载能力；
图29是图28的B-B视图；
图30是B3型桥墩基础9-3的结构示意图，B3型桥墩基础地面以下部分与地面以上部分的结构不同，即墩身截面与基础截面不相同；
图31是图30的A-A视图；
图32是B4型桥墩基础9-4的结构示意图；
图33是图32的A向视图；
图34是图33的B-B视图；
图35是B5型桥墩基础9-5的结构示意图，B5型桥墩基础主要用于较高的主桥墩基础，采用四个桥墩基础共用一个基础，每个桥墩基础内部预留施工通道进入下部基础进行底部封顶加固，增加桥墩基础的承载能力；
图36是图35的A向视图；
图37是图35的B-B视图,也是桥墩基础内部预留施工通道进入下部基础进行底部封顶加固，增加桥墩基础的承载能力的结构示意图；
图38是C型桥墩基础10的结构示意图，C型桥墩基础10主要包括底部基础10-1、沉管10-2和连接梁10-3，适用于深水；
图39是图38的A-A视图；
图40是图38的B-B视图；
图41是图38的Ⅰ处局部放大视图；
图42是沉箱基础11的俯视图；
图43是图42的A-A视图；
图44是桥墩基础1的底部轨道和侧面轨道的结构示意图，轨道的类型包括a、b、c1、c2和d共5种，其中a是平面型，b是凸型，c是凹型；
图45是桥墩基础1的d型轨道和链刀的结构示意图；
图46是d为纵向多排错开成锥型轨道的结构示意图。
图中的1是底部带有挖掘装置的桥墩基础；1-1是桥墩基础1底部运行链刀3的轨道；1-2是桥墩基础1侧面运行链刀3的轨道；1-3是底部带刃角的桥墩基础1的侧面罩；2是由链刀3、驱动装置4、张紧装置5、链轮6等组成的链式挖掘装置；3是组成链式挖掘装置2的链刀；3-1是组成链刀3的链条，包括履带、绳索和柔性带；3-1-1是组成链条十字节的A十字节；3-1-2是组成链条十字节的B十字节；3-1B是组成链刀3的钢索；3-2是固定在链条3-1上的挖掘岩土的刀具；3-2B是固定在钢索3-1B上的挖掘岩土的刀具；4是链条3-1的驱动装置；5是链条3-1的张紧装置；6是运行链条3-1的链轮；7是岩土输送机；7-1是链式水平岩土输送机；7-2是链式垂直岩土输送机；8是A型桥墩基础；8-1是A1型桥墩基础；8-2是A2型桥墩基础；8-3是A3型桥墩基础；8-4是A4型桥墩基础；9是B型桥墩基础；9-1是B1型桥墩基础；9-2是B2型桥墩基础；9-3是B3型桥墩基础；9-4是B4型桥墩基础；9-5是B5型桥墩基础；10是C型桥墩基础；10-1是C型桥墩基础10的底部基础；10-2是C型桥墩基础10的沉管；10-3是C型桥墩基础10的连接梁；11是桥墩为沉箱基础；B-1是B法中的底部轨道；B-2是B法中的中间机架；B-3是B法中的上部机架；B-4是B法中的浇筑模板。
具体实施方式
一种桥墩基础的底部设有链刀运行的轨道，施工时轨道上安装有挖掘岩土的链刀，链刀由链条和固定于链条上的刀具组成；链式挖掘装置主要由链刀和传动装置等组成，传动装置主要由链轮和驱动装置等组成；驱动装置驱动链刀，链刀沿着轨道运行，桥墩基础底部的刀具挖掘岩土，垂直向上运行的链刀将已挖掘的岩土送至上方，桥墩基础底部的链刀和桥墩基础一起下降。
所述的链刀是在作业平台上或通道内更换链条上的刀具的，以适应不同深度的不同地质条件。
所述的链刀在宽度方向为多排链刀，多排链刀根据需要进行同时挖掘或分别挖掘。
所述的桥墩基础施工法为预制法，分如下步骤：
1)在工场分块或整体预制桥墩基础；
2)运至现场拼装桥墩基础并蹲位，并在其底部的轨道上安装链刀；
3)安装链条驱动等装置，连接安装有刀具的链条；
4)驱动链条，链刀挖掘桥墩基础底部的岩土，经垂直向上运行的链刀带至上方，底部的链刀和桥墩基础随之下降；
5)下降至设计深度后灌浆，或拆除链刀后再灌浆。
所述的桥墩基础施工法为现浇法，桥墩基础除底部外的混凝土是在现场的固定模板中浇筑的，施工时固定模板不动，随着底部岩土的挖掘桥墩基础边浇筑边下沉；链式挖掘装置安装在机架上，机架由中间机架和上部机架组成，中间机架的底部与桥墩基础的底部相连，中间机架顶部与上部机架相连，中间机架内安装有链刀运行的轨道，中间机架是桥墩基础钢筋笼的组成部分，由底部向上运行的链刀和中间机架的封闭腔组成了链式岩土垂直输送机，随着桥墩基础底部的下沉，中间装置也同步下沉；上部机架固定于作业平台上或固定于中间机架的顶部，上部机架安装有链条驱动装置和张紧装置，桥墩基础底部的链条通过中间机架与上部机架的驱动装置、张紧装置相连；现浇法分如下步骤：
1)清理现场，搭建作业平台；
2)组装桥墩基础底部，并在其底部的轨道上安装链刀；
3)组装中间机架、上部机架和浇筑模板；
4)安装链条驱动装置、张紧装置，将桥墩基础底部、中间机架、上部机架的链刀连接成一体，组成链式挖掘装置；
5)制作钢筋笼，在模板中浇筑混凝土；
6)驱动链条，链条带动刀具沿着轨道运行，桥墩基础底部的链刀挖掘岩土，垂直向上运行的链刀将已挖掘的岩土输送至上方，桥墩基础随之下降；
7)随着桥墩基础底部的下降，模板中的桥墩基础边浇筑边下降；
8)下降至设计深度拆除链刀后灌浆，拆除浇筑模板。
所述的桥墩基础是A型桥墩基础。
所述的桥墩基础是B型桥墩基础。
所述的桥墩基础C型桥墩基础。
所述的桥墩基础是沉井基础。
所述的组成链刀的链条是广义的链条，包括履带、绳索和柔性带。
下面结合附图进一步描述本发明的技术方案：
如图1～图5所示，桥墩上设有链式挖掘装置2运行的轨道1-1和1-2，链式挖掘装置2由链刀3、驱动装置4、张紧装置5和链轮6组成，链刀3由链条3-1和固定于链条上的刀具3-2组成；施工时驱动装置4驱动链条3-1，链条3-1带动刀具3-2沿着轨道运行，桥墩基础底部的刀具3-2挖掘岩土，桥墩基础底部的水平链刀3-2同时是水平岩土输送机7-1，从底部向上运动的链刀3-2和侧面罩1-3组成了链式垂直岩土输送机7-2，从桥墩基础底部挖掘的岩土经水平岩土输送机7-1至链式垂直岩土输送机7-2到达上方，底部链刀3和桥墩基础1一起同步下降，下降至设定深度后断开链条3-1，经驱动装置将链刀3全部抽上回收，再予以灌浆。
如图6所示，桥墩基础采用A法预制法分如下步骤：
1)在工场分块预制桥墩基础1，运至现场拼装桥墩基础1并蹲位，并在其底部的轨道上安装链刀3，安装链条驱动装置4等装置，连接安装有挖掘刀3的链条3-1，如图中的A所示；
2)驱动链条3-1，链刀挖掘底部的岩土，经岩土输送装置7送至上方，桥墩基础随之下降，如图中B所示；
3)下降至一定深度后，在地面拼装桥墩基础1的预制件，也可边下沉边拼装，如图中C所示；
4)下降至设计深度后灌浆，或拆除链刀3后再灌浆，如图中D所示。
如图7所示，桥墩基础采用B法现浇法分如下步骤：
1)清理现场，搭建作业平台；
2)组装底部轨道B-1和浇筑模板B-4，即桥墩基础1的底部蹲位，并在其底部的轨道上安装链刀3；
3)组装中间机架B-2、上部机架B-3；
4)安装链条驱动装置4、张紧装置5，将底部轨道B-1、中间机架B-2、上部机架B-3的链条3-1连接成一体，组成链式挖掘装置2；
5)制作钢筋笼，将中间机架B-2与钢筋笼焊接成一体，中间机架B-2同时也是浇筑模板的组成部分；
6)在模板B-4中浇筑混凝土；
7)驱动链条3-1，链刀3挖掘底部的岩土，并将已挖掘的岩土经中间装置B-2输送至上方，桥墩基础1随之下降；
8)随着桥墩基础1底部的挖掘，模板B-4中的桥墩基础1边浇筑边下降；
9)下降至设计深度拆除链刀3后灌浆；
10)拆除上部机架和中间装置高于桥墩基础1的部分，拆除浇筑模板；
以上对桥墩1进行了的描述，下面桥墩的各种结构可以类似施工的。
如图8～图11所示，桥墩基础1为A1型桥墩基础8-1，地面以下部分为工字型，地面以上为一字型，地面以下桥墩截面面积比地面以上桥墩截面面积大，承载能力强，地面以上桥墩占地面积小。
如图12～图15所示，桥墩基础1为A2型桥墩基础8-2，地面以下部分为工字型，地面以上为两边各一个一字型，地面以下桥墩截面面积比地面以上桥墩截面面积大，承载能力强，地面以上桥墩在两侧成一字型。
如图16～图19所示，桥墩基础1为A3型桥墩基础8-3，地面以下部分为工字型，地面以上为两边各一个十字型，地面以上桥墩截面面积大且刚度较好，适用于地面以上桥墩较高的桥梁。
如图20～图22所示，桥墩基础1为A4型桥墩基础8-4，地面以下部分为工字型，地面以上为两边各一个圆柱型，地面以下桥墩截面面积比地面以上桥墩截面面积大，承载能力强。
如图23～图26所示，桥墩基础1为B1型桥墩基础9-1，地面以下部分为井字型的桥墩，下端开口，在面高度位置浇筑混凝土封顶增加承载能力。
如图27～图29所示，桥墩基础1为B2型桥墩基础9-2，地面以上部分的桥墩截面形状跟地面以下部分的桥墩截面形状相同，都是井字型，桥墩下端开口，在面高度位置浇筑混凝土封顶增加承载能力。
如图30～图31所示，桥墩基础1为B3型桥墩基础9-3，地面以上部分的桥墩截面形状跟地面以下部分的桥墩截面形状不同，地面以下是井字型，地面以上为中空的长方形。
如图32～图34所示，桥墩基础1为B4型桥墩基础9-4，地面以下部分是井字型，地面以上部分是在四个角上各有一个十字形，地面以上桥墩刚度好， 承载能力强，适用于做主桥墩。
如图35～图37所示，桥墩基础1为B5型桥墩基础9-5，地面以下部分是井字型桥墩基础，采用四个桥墩共用一个基础，每个桥墩内部预留施工通道进入下部基础进行底部封顶加固，增加桥墩的承载能力，适用于拉索桥的主桥墩。
如图38～图41所示，桥墩基础1为C型桥墩基础10，适用于深水区，利用沉管10-2和连接梁10-3构成一个水底干地施工环境,在沉管底部施工桥墩基础10-1,桥墩基础10-1是井字型桥墩,底部有链刀,链刀挖掘岩土桥墩跟链刀一下降，到达设定深度后封顶加固，这样桥墩基础10-1、沉管10-2和连接梁10-3构成深水C型桥墩基础10。
如图42和图43所示，桥墩基础1为沉箱基础，适用于深水区，大型桥墩基础。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种桥墩基础，其特征是桥墩基础的底部设有链刀运行的轨道，施工时轨道上安装有挖掘岩土的链刀，链刀由链条和固定于链条上的刀具组成；链式挖掘装置主要由链刀和传动装置等组成，传动装置主要由链轮和驱动装置等组成；驱动装置驱动链刀，链刀沿着轨道运行，桥墩基础底部的刀具挖掘岩土，垂直向上运行的链刀将已挖掘的岩土送至上方，桥墩基础底部的链刀和桥墩基础一起下降。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种桥墩基础，其特征是所述的链刀是在作业平台上或通道内更换链条上的刀具的，以适应不同深度的不同地质条件。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种桥墩基础，其特征是所述的链刀在宽度方向为多排链刀，多排链刀根据需要进行同时挖掘或分别挖掘。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种桥墩基础施工法，其特征是所述的桥墩基础施工法为预制法，分如下步骤：
    1)在工场分块或整体预制桥墩基础；
    2)运至现场拼装桥墩基础并蹲位，并在其底部的轨道上安装链刀；
    3)安装链条驱动等装置，连接安装有刀具的链条；
    4)驱动链条，链刀挖掘桥墩基础底部的岩土，经垂直向上运行的链刀带至上方，底部的链刀和桥墩基础随之下降；
    5)下降至设计深度后灌浆，或拆除链刀后再灌浆。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种桥墩基础施工法，其特征是所述的桥墩基础施工法为现浇法，桥墩基础除底部外的混凝土是在现场的固定模板中浇筑的，施工时固定模板不动，随着底部岩土的挖掘桥墩基础边浇筑边下沉；链式挖掘装置安装在机架上，机架由中间机架和上部机架组成，中间机架的底部与桥墩基础的底部相连，中间机架顶部与上部机架相连，中间机架内安装有链刀运行的轨道，中间机架是桥墩基础钢筋笼的组成部分，由底部向上运行的链刀和中间机架的封闭腔组成了链式岩土垂直输送机，随着桥墩基础底部的下沉，中间装置也同步下沉；上部机架固定于作业平台上或固定于中间机架的顶部，上部机架安装有链条驱动装置和张紧装置，桥墩基础底部的链条通过中间机架与上部机架的驱动装置、张紧装置相连；现浇法分如下步骤：
    1)清理现场，搭建作业平台；
    2)组装桥墩基础底部，并在其底部的轨道上安装链刀；
    3)组装中间机架、上部机架和浇筑模板；
    4)安装链条驱动装置、张紧装置，将桥墩基础底部、中间机架、上部机架的链刀连接成一体，组成链式挖掘装置；
    5)制作钢筋笼，在模板中浇筑混凝土；
    6)驱动链条，链条带动刀具沿着轨道运行，桥墩基础底部的链刀挖掘岩土，垂直向上运行的链刀将已挖掘的岩土输送至上方，桥墩基础随之下降；
    7)随着桥墩基础底部的下降，模板中的桥墩基础边浇筑边下降；
    8)下降至设计深度拆除链刀后灌浆，拆除浇筑模板。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种桥墩基础，其特征在于所述的桥墩基础是A型桥墩基础。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种桥墩基础，其特征在于所述的桥墩基础是B型桥墩基础。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种桥墩基础，其特征在于所述的桥墩基础是C型桥墩基础。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种桥墩基础，其特征在于所述的桥墩基础是沉井基础。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的一种桥墩基础，其特征在于所述的组成链刀的链条是广义的链条，包括履带、绳索和柔性。
PCT/CN2018/071980 2017-01-18 2018-01-09 一种桥墩基础及其施工法 Ceased WO2018133711A1 (zh)

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CN107059877A (zh) * 2017-01-18 2017-08-18 王燏斌 一种施工时底部带有链刀的基础及其施工法
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