WO2017208522A1 - 透明材用紫外線及び/又は近赤外線遮断剤組成物 - Google Patents
透明材用紫外線及び/又は近赤外線遮断剤組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017208522A1 WO2017208522A1 PCT/JP2017/006444 JP2017006444W WO2017208522A1 WO 2017208522 A1 WO2017208522 A1 WO 2017208522A1 JP 2017006444 W JP2017006444 W JP 2017006444W WO 2017208522 A1 WO2017208522 A1 WO 2017208522A1
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- Prior art keywords
- silicon
- zinc oxide
- oxide particles
- doped zinc
- silicon compound
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- C01F17/206—Compounds containing only rare earth metals as the metal element oxide or hydroxide being the only anion
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- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/40—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer
- C03C2217/42—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of particles only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/70—Properties of coatings
- C03C2217/72—Decorative coatings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/70—Properties of coatings
- C03C2217/76—Hydrophobic and oleophobic coatings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2218/00—Methods for coating glass
- C03C2218/10—Deposition methods
- C03C2218/11—Deposition methods from solutions or suspensions
- C03C2218/116—Deposition methods from solutions or suspensions by spin-coating, centrifugation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K2003/2296—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of zinc
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/04—Ingredients treated with organic substances
- C08K9/06—Ingredients treated with organic substances with silicon-containing compounds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an ultraviolet ray and / or near infrared ray blocking agent composition for a transparent material.
- ultraviolet rays cause damage to human skin, interior and interior decorations or equipment, and near infrared rays cause a significant increase in indoor temperature.
- near-infrared light emitted by heating equipment installed indoors falls outside, the room temperature decreases, so glass used for buildings such as buildings and houses, vehicles such as automobiles, etc.
- Transparent materials such as clear coatings used for painted bodies such as automobiles and automobiles, outer walls, signboards, equipment, and the like are required not only to have transparency but also to shield ultraviolet rays and / or near infrared rays.
- organic substances and oxide particles have been proposed such as kneading into a clear coating film or a film-like composition used for glass, an intermediate film or glass itself.
- benzophenone, benzotriazole, methyl salicylate, and other organic materials have been proposed as materials for absorbing ultraviolet rays and near infrared rays.
- organic materials are used for the purpose of blocking ultraviolet rays and / or near infrared rays.
- weather resistance that is, the decomposition of organic substances is unavoidable with the passage of time, and devitrification due to an increase in turbidity and a decrease in ultraviolet or near infrared absorption function cannot be avoided.
- Patent Document 1 or Patent Document 2 discloses tin-doped indium oxide fine particles and / or tin-doped antimony oxide fine particles as metal oxides, and titanium oxide fine particles, zinc oxide fine particles, or cerium oxide as metal oxides that absorb ultraviolet rays. Coating agents and paints for applying to the surface of glass using fine particles have been proposed.
- indium and antimony are expensive rare metals, they are costly to be used for glass that occupies 30% to 80% of the wall surface of a building or for a clear coating film formed on a painted body of a building or an automobile. Not only is it likely to be high, but it is difficult to solve the problem of reducing the environmental load when considering the global environment from the viewpoint of wastewater, mining ore, etc. during mining.
- near-infrared shielding for the purpose of heat insulation
- a material that absorbs near-infrared rays is used for glass or a clear coating film
- thermal energy derived from near-infrared rays absorbed by the glass or clear coating film One half can be shielded, while the other half is radiated in the direction to be shielded.
- heat rays are shielded by glass using a near-infrared absorber, half of the heat energy can be released outside the room, but the other half is radiated into the room, so the actual heat shielding effect is sufficient.
- zinc oxide particles can be considered as such a material.
- zinc oxide particles are excellent in ultraviolet absorbing ability and are suitable as a material for a transparent material.
- the ultraviolet absorptivity is capable of absorbing a larger amount of ultraviolet rays as the absorbency per unit substance amount in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm is higher, that is, as the “molar extinction coefficient” is larger. It can be said. Therefore, if the molar extinction coefficient is large, the UV absorption ability can be exhibited in a small amount in the same way or more, so the haze value is reduced and the transparency of a transparent material such as a coating film, film or glass is increased. Can be increased.
- Patent Document 5 a method of coating the surface of the particles with silica has been proposed (Patent Document 5).
- Patent Document 5 a method of coating the surface of the particles with silica.
- zinc oxide particles coated with silica are produced by a general batch method. Since the deposition rate of the silicon compound and the aggregation state of the zinc oxide particles differing depending on the concentration, pH, etc. were not controlled, the coating on the coarse aggregate was caused, and thus the molar extinction coefficient particularly in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm Was not controlled to increase. Therefore, since the ability to absorb ultraviolet rays is low, not only the transparency and ultraviolet absorption are compatible, but also the shielding ability of near infrared rays may not be sufficiently obtained.
- Patent Document 6 discloses a method for producing single-crystal zinc oxide particles
- Patent Document 7 discloses a method for producing zinc oxide particles in which the amount of doping element is controlled.
- the raw material solution can be mixed, diffused, and reacted with the precipitation solvent instantaneously.
- Nanoparticles precipitated by the reaction in the thin film can uniformly give the target energy at the molecular level, so that there is an effect that it is easy to obtain single crystal particles or particles with a controlled amount of doping element. It was.
- the zinc oxide particles disclosed in Patent Document 6 and Patent Document 7 are not coated with a silicon compound, they are affected by the photocatalytic ability as described above.
- the ultraviolet and / or near infrared shielding compounded to obtain the desired ultraviolet and / or near infrared shielding composition was extremely difficult to accurately design an appropriate amount of the agent.
- JP 2013-221049 PR JP 2013-87228 A Japanese Patent No. 2717103 JP 2007-031216 A JP 2004-59421 A International Publication No. 2016/010018 Pamphlet JP 2011-245474 A
- the purpose is to provide.
- zinc oxide particles can be coated with a silicon compound in order to maximize the properties of zinc oxide inherent in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared regions, and to supplement the properties, Silicon whose ultraviolet absorbing ability and / or near-infrared reflecting ability suitable as a composition for transparent material is controlled by controlling the molar ratio (Si / Zn) of zinc (Zn) and silicon (Si) of zinc particles. It is an object of the present invention to provide an ultraviolet and / or near-infrared shielding agent composition for a transparent material using compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles.
- the inventor of the present application indicates that the molar ratio (Si / Zn) of zinc (Zn) to silicon (Si) in the silicon-doped zinc oxide particles contained in the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles is the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide. It has been found that the particles have relevance to color characteristics such as transmission characteristics, absorption characteristics, and reflection characteristics, and silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles that are controlled by them are suitable for compositions for transparent materials. Thus, the present invention has been completed.
- the present invention is an ultraviolet ray and / or near infrared ray shielding agent composition for a transparent material used for the purpose of shielding ultraviolet rays and / or near infrared rays
- the ultraviolet and / or near-infrared shielding agent includes silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles in which at least part of the surface of silicon-doped zinc oxide particles obtained by doping zinc oxide particles with at least silicon is coated with a silicon compound. It is the ultraviolet-ray and / or near-infrared shielding agent composition for transparent materials characterized by the above-mentioned.
- this invention is the ultraviolet-ray and / or near-infrared shielding agent composition for transparent materials whose said ultraviolet-ray and / or near-infrared shielding agent composition for transparent materials is a ultraviolet-ray and / or near-infrared shielding agent composition for glass. It is preferable.
- the present invention provides an ultraviolet and / or near-infrared shielding composition for a transparent material, wherein the ultraviolet and / or near-infrared shielding composition for a transparent material is a clear coating ultraviolet and / or near-infrared shielding composition. It is preferable that
- the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles are Silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles controlled such that the molar ratio (Si / Zn) of zinc (Zn) to silicon (Si) in the silicon-doped zinc oxide particles is increased, the silicon compound-coated silicon In a dispersion liquid in which doped zinc oxide particles are dispersed in a dispersion medium, the ultraviolet light for transparent material, which is silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles controlled so as to increase the average molar extinction coefficient in the wavelength region of 200 nm to 380 nm, and / or Or it is preferable that it is a near-infrared shielding agent composition.
- the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles are Silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles controlled such that the molar ratio (Si / Zn) decreases, and the average reflectance of the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles in the wavelength region from 780 nm to 2500 nm is increased. It is preferable that it is the ultraviolet-ray and / or near-infrared shielding agent composition for transparent materials which are the silicon compound coating
- the present invention also provides an ultraviolet ray for transparent material comprising at least two types of silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles having different molar ratios (Si / Zn) of zinc (Zn) and silicon (Si) of the silicon-doped zinc oxide particles. And a near-infrared shielding composition.
- the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles are composed of a single element or a plurality of different elements (M) other than oxygen or hydrogen contained in the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles and the hydroxyl group (OH).
- Doped zinc oxide particles In addition, at least one of the average reflectance in the wavelength region of 780 nm to 2500 nm or the average molar extinction coefficient in the wavelength region of 200 nm to 380 nm in the dispersion liquid in which the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles are dispersed in the dispersion medium is increased. It is preferable that it is the ultraviolet-ray and / or near-infrared shielding agent composition for transparent materials which are the silicon compound coating
- the present invention has the ratio of the M-OH bond is calculated by waveform separation of the peaks of the silicon compound-coated silicon doped zinc oxide derived from a wavenumber 100 cm -1 from 1250 cm -1 in an infrared absorption spectrum Yes,
- the present invention has the ratio of the Si-OH bonds, is calculated by waveform separation of the peak derived from the silicon compound of the 1250 cm -1 wave number 800 cm -1 in the infrared absorption spectrum,
- the present invention provides the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles, wherein the ratio of the M-OH bonds or the ratio of the Si-OH bonds contained in the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles is set as the silicon compound-coated silicon.
- the composition is an ultraviolet and / or near-infrared shielding agent composition for transparent material, which is silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles controlled in a dispersion state in which doped zinc oxide particles are dispersed in a dispersion medium.
- the dispersion is a coating film, a film, or glass, the dispersion is heat-treated, and the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles are converted into the average reflectance or the It is preferable that it is the ultraviolet-ray and / or near-infrared shielding agent composition for transparent materials which is a silicon compound coating
- the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles are coated with a silicon compound on at least a part of the surface of a single zinc oxide particle or the aggregate of a plurality of silicon-doped zinc oxide particles.
- Silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles In the ultraviolet-ray and / or near-infrared shielding agent composition for transparent materials, wherein the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles have a particle diameter of 1 nm to 100 nm in an aggregate of the silicon-doped zinc oxide particles or the silicon-doped zinc oxide particles. Preferably there is.
- the present invention can be implemented as an ultraviolet and / or near-infrared shielding agent composition for a transparent material containing silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles in which the silicon compound is an amorphous silicon oxide.
- the silicon-doped zinc oxide particles is coated with a silicon compound on a transparent material ultraviolet and / or near-infrared shielding composition used for shielding ultraviolet rays and / or near-infrared rays.
- a transparent material ultraviolet and / or near-infrared shielding composition used for shielding ultraviolet rays and / or near-infrared rays.
- the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles of the present invention to a composition for a transparent material such as a glass composition or a clear coating composition, the transparency is high and the design of the product is not impaired.
- An ultraviolet and / or near-infrared shielding agent composition for a transparent material that can be effectively used for glass or an object to be coated can be provided.
- Example 1-1 of this invention It is a STEM photograph and mapping result of the silicon compound covering silicon dope zinc oxide particle obtained in Example 1-1 of this invention. It is a line analysis result of the silicon compound covering silicon dope zinc oxide particle obtained in Example 1-1 of this invention. It is a STEM photograph and mapping result of the silicon compound covering silicon dope zinc oxide particle obtained in Example 4-4 of this invention. 4 is a line analysis result of silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in Example 4-4 of the present invention. 3 shows XRD measurement results of the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in Example 1-1 of the present invention and the zinc oxide particles obtained in Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 5 shows the reflectance measurement results of the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in Examples 1-1 to 1-4 of the present invention and the zinc oxide particles obtained in Comparative Example 1.
- Wavelengths from 780 nm to 2500 nm with respect to the molar ratio (Si / Zn) of the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in Examples 1-1 to 1-4 of the present invention and the zinc oxide particles obtained in Comparative Example 1 It is a graph of the average reflectance in the area
- the composition for transparent material according to the present invention is a composition for use in a coated body, glass, transparent resin or film-like composition that requires transparency.
- compositions contained in glass, transparent resins and clear coatings themselves, compositions contained in interlayer films of laminated glass, film-like compositions used for films combined with glass, such as affixing to glass and transparent resins also includes paint for application to glass.
- the ultraviolet ray and / or near infrared ray shielding agent for transparent material according to the present invention is directly kneaded into glass, uncured glass, or transparent resin, or a film for various glasses.
- UV and / or near-infrared shielding agent composition suitable for effectively shielding ultraviolet rays or near-infrared rays depending on the purpose by being used in a method such as mixing with a composition for forming a film or a film And can.
- the transparent resin include PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), PC (polycarbonate), and PET (polyethylene terephthalate).
- the transparent material composition is a clear coating film composition
- the transparent material ultraviolet ray and / or near-infrared shielding agent according to the present invention is used for a paint for forming a clear coating film.
- composition for transparent material of the present invention is a composition for transparent material suitable for the purpose of shielding ultraviolet rays and / or near infrared rays.
- the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles which are ultraviolet rays and / or near-infrared shielding agents for transparent materials according to the present invention, have a silicon compound-coated silicon dope in which at least a part of the surface of the silicon-doped zinc oxide particles is coated with a silicon compound.
- Zinc oxide particles wherein the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles have a molar ratio (Si / Zn) of silicon (Zn) to silicon (Si) in the silicon-doped zinc oxide particles, particularly silicon-doped silicon-doped silicon-doped zinc oxide particles
- the average reflectance in the wavelength region of 780 nm to 2500 nm and / or the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles Average in a wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm in a dispersion in which is dispersed in a dispersion medium
- the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles have a controlled light absorption coefficient
- the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles according to the present invention can be used as a material for glass itself, or can be affixed to glass.
- the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles according to the present invention are not limited to those composed only of a silicon compound and silicon-doped zinc oxide particles.
- the present invention can also be carried out including substances other than those described above to the extent that they do not affect the present invention.
- it may be silicon-doped zinc oxide particles containing other elements, and can also be implemented as composite oxide particles containing compounds other than silicon-doped zinc oxide.
- the substance include hydroxides, nitrides, carbides, various salts such as nitrates and sulfates, and hydrates and organic solvates.
- FIG. 1 shows a mapping result using STEM of the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in Example 1-1.
- (a) is a dark field image (HAADF image)
- (b) is a mapping result of silicon (Si)
- (c) is zinc (Zn)
- (d) is a mapping result of oxygen (O). .
- FIG. 2 shows the result of line analysis at the position where a broken line is given in the (A) HAADF image of FIG. 1, and shows the atomic% (mol%) of the element detected in the line part from the end of the particle to the end. It is the result shown.
- FIG. 2 shows the result of line analysis at the position where a broken line is given in the (A) HAADF image of FIG. 1, and shows the atomic% (mol%) of the element detected in the line part from the end of the particle to the end. It is the result shown.
- FIG. 3 shows a mapping result using STEM of the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in Example 4-4, which will be described later, and FIG. 4 shows a line analysis at the position where a broken line is given in the HAADF image of FIG. Results are shown. As can be seen in FIGS.
- Example 4-4 silicon considered to be derived from a silicon compound was detected mainly on the surface of the particles, and silicon and zinc were also detected inside the particles. However, unlike Example 1-1, a portion where silicon is not detected is observed in the inside of the particle. That is, compared with the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in Example 1-1, the moles of silicon (Si) with respect to zinc (Zn) in the vicinity of the surface layer compared to the inside of the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles. It can be seen that the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles are controlled so that the ratio (Si / Zn) is increased.
- the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles of the present invention can be carried out as silicon-oxide-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles in which at least part of the surface of the silicon-doped zinc oxide particles is coated with silicon oxide.
- the photocatalytic ability produced by making zinc oxide particles or silicon-doped zinc oxide particles into fine particles for use in a composition for a transparent material used for glass or a clear coating film is that at least a part of the surface of the particles of the silicon compound. It is necessary to be suppressed by coating.
- chemical stability such as water resistance, acid resistance and alkali resistance can be imparted to zinc oxide.
- FIG. 5 shows the XRD measurement results of the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in Example 1-1 and the XRD measurement results of the zinc oxide particles obtained in Comparative Example 1.
- the ZnO peak was clearly detected from the XRD measurement results of the zinc oxide particles obtained in Comparative Example 1, but was detected as a broad peak in Example 1-1.
- the crystal of ZnO is distorted because Si is taken into the particles.
- the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles of the present invention can be implemented as silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles containing at least silicon inside the particles.
- the silicon-doped zinc oxide particles not coated on the surface of the particles are preferably silicon zinc solid solution oxide particles.
- the wavelength from 780 nm, which is the near infrared region is controlled.
- Color characteristics such as molar extinction coefficient and average molar extinction coefficient for light with a wavelength of 200 nm to 380 nm in the ultraviolet region can be accurately and precisely controlled, particularly for transparent materials.
- the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles suitable for use in the composition can be provided. Control of these color characteristics can be more strictly controlled by combining with control of the amount of hydroxyl group contained in the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles described later.
- the molar extinction coefficient can be calculated by the following formula 1 from the absorbance in the UV-visible absorption spectrum measurement and the molar concentration of the substance to be measured in the measurement sample.
- ⁇ A / (c ⁇ l) (Formula 1)
- ⁇ is a constant specific to the substance, which is called a molar extinction coefficient, and is the absorbance of a 1 mol / L dispersion having a thickness of 1 cm. Therefore, the unit is L / (mol ⁇ cm).
- A is the absorbance in the UV-visible absorption spectrum measurement
- c is the molar concentration (mol / L) of the sample.
- l is a length (optical path length) (cm) through which light is transmitted, and is usually a thickness of a cell when an ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum is measured.
- cm optical path length
- a simple average of molar extinction coefficients at all measurement wavelengths in the measurement wavelength region of a wavelength of 200 nm to 380 nm is calculated, and the average The molar extinction coefficient was evaluated.
- the average reflectance with respect to a light beam having a wavelength of 780 nm to 2500 nm is a simple average value of the reflectance at each of the measurement wavelengths in the reflection spectrum in the wavelength region of the wavelength 780 nm to 2500 nm, and the average of the wavelengths 380 nm to 780 nm.
- the transmittance is a simple average of the transmittances at all the measurement wavelengths in the transmission spectrum in the wavelength region from 380 nm to 780 nm.
- These average molar extinction coefficient, average reflectance, and average transmittance are not limited to the above wavelength region, and the wavelength region to be averaged can be appropriately set according to the target color characteristics.
- the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles of the present invention do not cover the surface of the particles with the silicon compound with respect to the average molar extinction coefficient in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm of the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles. Furthermore, it is preferable that the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles have a controlled "average molar extinction coefficient increase rate" which is an increase rate with respect to the average molar extinction coefficient in the same wavelength region of the zinc oxide particles not doped with silicon. .
- FIG. 6 shows Example 1-1 and Example 1-2 prepared by changing the molar ratio (Si / Zn) of silicon (Si) to zinc (Zn) contained in the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles.
- Silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in Example 1-4, and zinc oxide particles that were not surface-coated with the silicon compound obtained in Comparative Example 1 and were not doped with silicon The graph of the molar absorption coefficient in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm of the dispersion obtained by dispersing in propylene glycol is shown.
- the average primary particle size of the silicon-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in Examples 1-1 to 1-4 and the zinc oxide particles obtained in Comparative Example 1 was 8.5 nm under all conditions. The range is 9.0 nm, and the specific surface area can be considered constant.
- the molar ratio (Si / Zn) is Example 1-1 ⁇ Example 1-2 ⁇ Example 1-3 ⁇ Example 1-4. As can be seen from FIG. 6, the molar extinction coefficient in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm of the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles is higher than that of the zinc oxide particles obtained in Comparative Example 1. .
- the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles of the present invention have an average molar extinction coefficient in a wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm in a dispersion obtained by dispersing the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles in a dispersion medium.
- the average molar extinction coefficient in the region from the wavelength 200 nm to 380 nm was controlled to be high (increased).
- Silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles are preferred.
- the average molar extinction coefficient increase rate in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm in the dispersion obtained by dispersing the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles in the dispersion medium is such that the surface of the particles is coated with the silicon compound.
- the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles are controlled to be higher than 110% as compared with zinc oxide particles not doped with silicon.
- the cause of the increase in the molar extinction coefficient of zinc oxide particles due to the silicon doping of the present invention is not certain, the light absorption of a substance is originally based on the light transition of a specific wavelength (light Energy), but the zinc oxide particles are doped with silicon to generate crystal lattice distortion and new bonds due to a random combination of -zinc-oxygen-silicon- Alternatively, oxygen deficient sites, zinc or silicon deficient sites, etc. are generated, and as a result, an energy rank that is not similar to the energy rank inherent in the zinc oxide particles is generated (an increase in the light absorption capacity).
- the increase in the light absorption efficiency of the material is due to the increase in the molar absorption coefficient of the zinc oxide particles by doping silicon, that is, the increase in the light absorption efficiency with respect to the same amount of light. .
- FIG. 7 shows Example 1-1 and Example 1-2 prepared by changing the molar ratio (Si / Zn) of silicon (Si) to zinc (Zn) contained in the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles.
- the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in Example 1-4 and the surface of the particles not coated with the silicon compound obtained in Comparative Example 1 and further not doped with silicon The graph of the reflectance in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 2500 nm is shown.
- the molar ratio (Si / Zn) is Example 1-1 ⁇ Example 1-2 ⁇ Example 1-3 ⁇ Example 1-4. As can be seen in FIG.
- Example 1-3 and Example 1-4 it is seen that the particles are lower than the zinc oxide particles obtained in Comparative Example 1. That is, the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles of the present invention are controlled so that the molar ratio (Si / Zn) is low (so as to be reduced), whereby the average reflection in the near-infrared region of the wavelength from 780 nm to 2500 nm. It is preferably controlled so that the rate is increased (increased).
- UV rays are effectively shielded, such as heated pools, indoor hot springs, agricultural films, etc., but the near infrared rays may have a low reflectivity for the purpose of keeping indoor heating.
- silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles as in Examples 1-3 and 1-4 above.
- these silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles having different molar ratios (Si / Zn) are mixed to form glass, an intermediate film, a paint for applying to glass, or a clear paint film or a clear paint film.
- a coating material or the like By blending it with a coating material or the like, it becomes possible to design a glass composition that is stricter and more accurate.
- a composition for transparent material containing a plurality of silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles with controlled properties when used as a transparent material, the UV absorption ability is ensured after ensuring transparency. It is suitable as a near-infrared shielding agent using UV shielding agent and / or near-infrared reflecting ability.
- the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles that are the ultraviolet ray and / or near infrared ray shielding agent composition for transparent materials according to the present invention are particles obtained by a method such as reaction, crystallization, precipitation, and coprecipitation. It is preferable that the amount of hydroxyl groups contained in the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles is controlled, and the amount of hydroxyl groups is one or a plurality other than oxygen or hydrogen contained in the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles.
- the ratio of the bond between the element (M) and the hydroxyl group (OH) or the ratio of the bond between silicon (Si) and hydroxyl group (OH) contained in the silicon compound is preferable.
- the element other than oxygen or hydrogen or a plurality of different elements (M) is preferably a metal element or a metalloid element on the chemical periodic table, and the metalloid element in the present invention is not particularly limited, but preferably , Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Se, and other metalloid elements.
- Zn and Si are contained in one or a plurality of different elements (M) other than oxygen or hydrogen.
- a silicon compound-coated silicon obtained by coating a single oxide or a composite oxide particle containing a plurality of elements or a composite oxide particle containing a metal element and a metalloid element with a silicon compound, other than Zn and Si. Doped zinc oxide particles may be used.
- FIG. 10 shows the FT-IR measurement results of the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in Example 1-1 and Example 4-4, measured by the ATR method (hereinafter simply referred to as IR measurement).
- IR is an abbreviation for infrared absorption spectroscopy.
- the IR measurement result of the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in Example 4-4 was 1650 cm ⁇ compared to the IR measurement result of the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in Example 1-1.
- a peak near 3400 cm ⁇ 1 is derived from a hydroxyl group (—OH) containing water
- a peak near 800 cm ⁇ 1 to 1250 cm ⁇ 1 is derived from an M—OH bond. It is considered as a peak including a peak that In the present invention, it is also possible to control various color characteristics by controlling the ratio of M—OH bonds contained in silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles. It can be judged from the IR measurement result.
- the M-OH bond ratio may be measured by a method other than IR measurement.
- a method other than IR measurement X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), solid nuclear magnetic resonance (solid NMR), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and the like.
- a result of the waveform separation peaks 1250 cm -1 wave number 100 cm -1 in the IR measurement, a peak derived from the peaks waveform separated from the wave number 800 cm -1 to 1250 cm -1 in the M-OH bond the peaks waveform separated from the wave number 100 cm -1 to 800 cm -1 and a peak derived from the M-O bond, for each peak the total area of which is waveform separation in the region of 1250 cm -1 wave number 100 cm -1, the M
- the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles have a molar extinction coefficient in the ultraviolet region and / or a reflectance in the near-infrared region controlled by controlling the area ratio of the peaks separated into waveforms by —OH bonds.
- a peak derived from the two peaks waveform separated from the wave number 100 cm -1 to 800cm -1 in M-O bonds, wavenumber 800cm two peaks waveform separated 1250 cm -1 -1 and M-OH bond, to the total area of each peak whose waveform is separated in the region of 1250 cm -1 from the wave number 100 cm -1, to the M-OH bond By calculating the ratio of the total area of each peak separated by the waveform, the ratio of M—OH bonds contained in the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles is derived.
- the peak of 1250 cm -1 wave number 100 cm -1 in the IR measurement waveform separation, relative to the total area of all peaks waveform separation, wavenumber The area ratio (M-OH ratio [%]) calculated from the total area of M-OH bonds separated in a waveform from 800 cm ⁇ 1 to 1250 cm ⁇ 1 is shown as the M-OH bond ratio.
- Example 1-1 and Example 4-4 were silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide in which at least part of the surface of the silicon-doped zinc oxide particles was coated with silicon oxide. Since it is a particle, M in the M—OH bond can be specified as zinc (Zn) or silicon (Si).
- the M—O bond can be specified as a Zn—O bond or a Si—O bond in the same manner as the M—OH bond.
- the area ratio M-OH ratio [%]
- peaks waveform separation around 992cm -1 is a peak related skeletal structure of the silica, It can be specified not as an M—OH bond (Si—OH bond) but as an MO bond (Si—O bond).
- the peak separated from the wave number of 800 cm ⁇ 1 to 1250 cm ⁇ 1 is further subdivided into Si—OH bonds and Si—O bonds to derive the ratio of the M—OH bonds, so that the M by controlling the ratio of -OH bonds, may control the color properties of the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles, and waveform separation only peak of 1250 cm -1 from the wave number 800 cm -1 Si-OH
- the color characteristics may be controlled by deriving the bond ratio and controlling the Si—OH bond ratio.
- the XRD measurement result It is considered that no peaks such as hydroxide were detected. Further, the XRD measurement results show that the silicon compound confirmed by the IR measurement contains an amorphous substance.
- the M—OH bond and the Si—OH bond may be collectively referred to as an M—OH bond.
- the reflection with respect to the light having a wavelength of 780 nm to 2500 nm in the near infrared region is performed.
- Color such as reflectance, average reflectance, transmittance at a wavelength of 200 nm to 380 nm in the ultraviolet region, reflectance, average reflectance, or transmittance at a wavelength of 380 nm to 780 nm in the visible region
- the characteristics can also be precisely and strictly controlled, and can provide silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles suitable for use in a composition for transparent materials.
- the primary particle diameter of the silicon-doped zinc oxide particles in the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles is preferably 1 nm or more and 100 nm or less, and more preferably 1 nm or more and 50 nm or less.
- the zinc and silicon contained in the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles constitute an oxide in a complex manner, so that the molar absorption coefficient, average reflectance, etc. of the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles can be reduced.
- the particle surface can be controlled and that the particle surface has a great influence on these properties, and the ratio of M—OH bonds contained in the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles as described above is mainly the particle surface. Therefore, the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles having a primary particle diameter of 100 nm or less have an increased surface area compared to silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles having a primary particle diameter of more than 100 nm.
- silicon with respect to zinc (Zn) silicon with respect to zinc (Zn)
- Zn zinc
- (Preferred embodiment-2 of silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles) in the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles coated on at least a part of the surface of the particles, after coating with the compound with respect to the average primary particle diameter of the silicon-doped zinc oxide particles before the coating
- the average primary particle size ratio of the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles is preferably 100.5% or more and 190% or less. If the compound coating on the silicon-doped zinc oxide particles is too thin, the silicon-doped zinc oxide particles coated with the compound may not be able to exert the effects on the characteristics of the silicon-doped zinc oxide particles.
- the average primary particle size of the doped zinc oxide particles is preferably 100.5% or more of the average primary particle size of the silicon-doped zinc oxide particles.
- the average primary particle size of the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles after coating with a compound is determined by silicon-doped oxidation. It is preferably 190% or less of the average primary particle diameter of the zinc particles.
- the silicon-doped zinc oxide particles coated with the silicon compound according to the present invention are core-shell type silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles in which the entire surface of the core silicon-doped zinc oxide particles is uniformly coated with the silicon compound. Also good.
- the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles are compound-coated silicon in which a plurality of silicon-doped zinc oxide particles are not aggregated and at least a part of the surface of a single silicon-doped zinc oxide particle is coated with a silicon compound.
- it is preferably doped zinc oxide particles, it may be silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles in which at least a part of the surface of an aggregate obtained by aggregating a plurality of silicon-doped zinc oxide particles is coated with a compound.
- the silicon compound that covers at least a part of the surface of the silicon-doped zinc oxide particles in the present invention preferably contains a silicon oxide, and more preferably contains an amorphous silicon oxide.
- an amorphous silicon oxide in the silicon compound it is possible to strictly control the color characteristics such as reflectance, transmittance, molar extinction coefficient, hue, and saturation of the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles. It is.
- the silicon compound is an amorphous silicon oxide, there are many M—OH (Si—OH), and therefore there is an advantage that the particle characteristics according to the present invention can be easily controlled.
- a silicon-doped zinc oxide raw material liquid containing at least a raw material of silicon-doped zinc oxide particles and silicon-doped oxidation for precipitating silicon-doped zinc oxide particles An oxide precipitation solvent containing at least a zinc depositing substance is prepared, and silicon is obtained by a method such as reaction, crystallization, precipitation, and coprecipitation in a mixed fluid in which a silicon-doped zinc oxide raw material liquid and an oxide precipitation solvent are mixed.
- Doped zinc oxide particles are precipitated, and the mixed fluid containing the deposited silicon-doped zinc oxide particles and a silicon compound raw material liquid containing at least a silicon compound raw material are mixed to form at least one surface of the silicon-doped zinc oxide particles.
- a method for producing silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles by coating a part with a silicon compound Rukoto is preferable.
- zinc and silicon contained in the silicon-doped zinc oxide particles may be contained together in the silicon-doped zinc oxide raw material liquid, or may be contained in the silicon-doped zinc oxide raw material liquid and the oxide precipitation solvent, respectively. It may be contained in both the silicon-doped zinc oxide raw material liquid and the oxide precipitation solvent.
- the raw material for the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles in the present invention is not particularly limited. Any method can be used as long as it becomes silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles by a method such as reaction, crystallization, precipitation, and coprecipitation.
- a metal or metalloid compound containing zinc is collectively referred to as a compound. Although it does not specifically limit as a compound, If an example is given, the metal or metalloid salt and oxide containing zinc, hydroxide, hydroxide oxide, nitride, carbide, complex, organic salt, organic complex, organic compound will be mentioned. Or those hydrates, organic solvates, etc. are mentioned.
- Metal or metalloid salts are not particularly limited, but metal or metalloid nitrates or nitrites, sulfates or sulfites, formates or acetates, phosphates or phosphites, hypophosphites And chlorides, oxy salts, acetylacetonate salts or hydrates thereof, organic solvates, and the like, and examples of the organic compound include metal or semimetal alkoxides. As described above, these metal or metalloid compounds may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more.
- examples of the silicon compound raw material of the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles according to the present invention include silicon oxides and hydroxides, other compounds such as silicon salts and alkoxides, and hydrates thereof.
- silicates such as sodium silicate, phenyltrimethoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-trifluoropropyl-trimethoxysilane, Methacryloxypropyltriethoxysilane, tetramethoxysilane (TMOS), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), and oligomeric condensates of TEOS, such as ethyl silicate 40, tetraisopropylsilane, tetrapropoxysilane, tetraisobutoxysilane, tetrabutoxysilane , And similar materials.
- siloxane compounds bis (triethoxysilyl) methane, 1,9-bis (triethoxysilyl) nonane, diethoxydichlorosilane, triethoxychlorosilane, and the like may be used as a raw material for the silicon compound.
- These raw materials can be used as raw materials for silicon-doped zinc oxide particles, and can also be used as raw materials for silicon compounds for coating silicon-doped zinc oxide particles.
- the molar ratio of silicon (Si) to the metal element (M) containing zinc constituting the silicon-doped zinc oxide particles to be coated is 0.01 or more and 1.00 or less. It is preferable that
- the raw material of the zinc oxide particles or silicon compound when solid, it should be used in a state where each raw material is melted or mixed or dissolved in a solvent described later (including a state in which molecules are dispersed). Is preferred. Even if each raw material is a liquid or a gas, it is preferably used in a state of being mixed or dissolved in a solvent described later (including a state of molecular dispersion).
- the silicon-doped zinc oxide precipitation substance is not particularly limited as long as it is a substance capable of precipitating the silicon-doped zinc oxide particle raw material contained in the silicon-doped zinc oxide raw material liquid as silicon-doped zinc oxide particles. Substances or basic substances can be used. It is preferable to use at least a silicon-doped zinc oxide precipitate in a state where it is mixed, dissolved, and molecularly dispersed in a solvent described later.
- Examples of basic substances include metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, metal alkoxides such as sodium methoxide and sodium isopropoxide, amine compounds such as triethylamine, diethylaminoethanol and diethylamine, and ammonia. It is done.
- metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide
- metal alkoxides such as sodium methoxide and sodium isopropoxide
- amine compounds such as triethylamine, diethylaminoethanol and diethylamine, and ammonia. It is done.
- Acidic substances include inorganic acids such as aqua regia, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, fuming nitric acid, sulfuric acid and fuming sulfuric acid, and organic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, chloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, oxalic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid and citric acid. Examples include acids.
- the basic substance and acidic substance can be used to precipitate silicon-doped zinc oxide particles or silicon compounds, and control the ratio of M—OH bonds contained in silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles. It can also be used as the above pH adjuster.
- solvent examples of the solvent used for the silicon-doped zinc oxide raw material solution and the oxide precipitation solvent include water, an organic solvent, and a mixed solvent composed of a plurality of them.
- examples of the water include tap water, ion-exchanged water, pure water, ultrapure water, RO water (reverse osmosis water), and the organic solvents include alcohol compound solvents, amide compound solvents, ketone compound solvents, ether compounds.
- examples include solvents, aromatic compound solvents, carbon disulfide, aliphatic compound solvents, nitrile compound solvents, sulfoxide compound solvents, halogen compound solvents, ester compound solvents, ionic liquids, carboxylic acid compounds, and sulfonic acid compounds.
- Each of the above solvents may be used alone or in combination.
- examples of the alcohol compound solvent include monohydric alcohols such as methanol and ethanol, polyols such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, and the like.
- various dispersants and surfactants may be used according to the purpose and necessity as long as the production of the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles is not adversely affected.
- a dispersing agent and surfactant the various commercially available products generally used, a product, or what was newly synthesize
- examples include anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, dispersants such as various polymers, and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the above surfactant and dispersant may be contained in at least one fluid of a silicon-doped zinc oxide raw material liquid and an oxide precipitation solvent.
- said surfactant and a dispersing agent may be contained in another fluid different from a silicon dope zinc oxide raw material liquid and an oxide precipitation solvent.
- Method outline-1 Method for producing silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles: Method outline-1)
- at least zinc and silicon contained in the silicon-doped zinc oxide particles are preferably present at least in the interior of the particles, and differ when producing silicon-doped zinc oxide particles by precipitation or the like. It is preferable to produce silicon-doped zinc oxide particles by depositing oxides of a plurality of elements substantially simultaneously.
- a silicon-doped zinc oxide in which zinc nitrate hexahydrate as a zinc oxide raw material and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), which is one of silicon compounds as a silicon raw material are dissolved in an acidic aqueous solution.
- TEOS tetraethylorthosilicate
- an oxide precipitation solvent which is an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide (silicon-doped zinc oxide precipitation substance) such as sodium hydroxide to precipitate silicon-doped zinc oxide particles
- the pH is It is necessary to precipitate silicon-doped zinc oxide particles by mixing an oxide precipitation solvent having a pH of 14 or more with a silicon-doped zinc oxide raw material solution having a pH of 1 to 2 or less than 1.
- Silicon-containing oxides are likely to precipitate in a pH range of 7 to 12, and zinc oxide is likely to precipitate in an alcohol solvent such as ethylene glycol in a pH range of 9 or more.
- the pH of the mixture of the silicon-doped zinc oxide solution and the oxide precipitation solvent gradually changes from acidic to basic.
- silicon oxide particles and silicon oxide are deposited such that silicon oxide, which is an example of a silicon compound, precipitates (begins to precipitate) when the pH reaches around 7, and then zinc oxide precipitates when the pH reaches around 9. In that case, it is possible to produce silicon-doped zinc oxide particles containing zinc and silicon inside the particles.
- the flame In order to allow the apparent precipitation to occur simultaneously by instantaneously adjusting the mixed solution to a pH at which both zinc oxide and silicon oxide are precipitated, at least silicon containing both silicon and zinc inside the particles. It becomes possible to prepare preconditions for producing doped zinc oxide particles.
- Method outline-2 Method outline (Method for producing silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles: Method outline-2) Furthermore, in the case where at least a part of the surface of the silicon-doped zinc oxide particles is coated with a silicon compound, the silicon-doped zinc oxide particles may be coated before the silicon-doped zinc oxide particles are aggregated to such an extent that the characteristics of the present invention cannot be exhibited. preferable.
- the silicon compound raw material liquid is charged at a faster rate than the silicon doped zinc oxide particles are precipitated and then aggregated. It is important to deposit the silicon compound on the surface of the silicon-doped zinc oxide particles.
- the silicon compound raw material liquid into the fluid containing the silicon-doped zinc oxide particles, the pH of the fluid containing the silicon-doped zinc oxide particles and the concentration of the silicon compound raw material gradually change, and the particles If the silicon compound for coating the surface of the particles is deposited after the state of being easily dispersed is changed to the state of being easily aggregated, it becomes difficult to coat the particles before they are aggregated to such an extent that the characteristics of the present invention cannot be exhibited. It is preferable that the silicon compound raw material contained in the silicon compound raw material liquid is allowed to act immediately after the silicon-doped zinc oxide particles are deposited.
- Method for producing silicon-doped metal oxide particles examples include silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles using, for example, a microreactor or a reaction in a dilute system in a batch container. The method of producing is mentioned.
- an apparatus and method as described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-112892 proposed by the present applicant may be used.
- 2009-112892 includes a stirring tank having an inner peripheral surface having a circular cross-sectional shape, and a stirring tool attached with a slight gap from the inner peripheral surface of the stirring tank.
- the stirring tank includes at least two fluid inlets and at least one fluid outlet, and one of the fluid inlets includes a first of the reactants among the fluids to be processed.
- the fluid to be treated is introduced into the agitation tank, and the second fluid to be treated containing one of the reactants different from the reactant from one place other than the above among the fluid inlets,
- the fluid to be treated is introduced into the stirring tank from a different flow path, and at least one of the stirring tank and the stirring tool is rotated at a high speed with respect to the other so that the fluid to be treated is in a thin film state.
- Reactant contained in first treated fluid and second treated fluid It is described that three or more introduction pipes may be provided as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 of the same publication to introduce three or more fluids to be treated into a stirring tank. Yes.
- An example of the microreactor is an apparatus having the same principle as the fluid treatment apparatus described in Patent Documents 6 and 7.
- the silicon-doped zinc oxide particles may be produced by using a pulverization method such as a bead mill, and after the production, the silicon compound may be coated in the reaction vessel or the microreactor.
- the method for controlling the M-OH bond ratio is not particularly limited, but the M-OH bond ratio is changed by changing the functional group contained in the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles. It is preferable to control.
- the functional group changing treatment is performed by a method of performing a substitution reaction, an addition reaction, an elimination reaction, a dehydration reaction, a reaction using a condensation reaction, or the like on the functional group contained in the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles. It is possible to control the proportion of M-OH bonds. In controlling the ratio of M—OH bonds, the ratio of M—OH bonds may be increased or decreased.
- esterification of the M—OH bond is achieved by the above control.
- Esterification is achieved, for example, by a dehydration / condensation reaction in which OH is eliminated from a carboxyl group (—COOH) and H is eliminated from a hydroxyl group (—OH).
- the M-OH bond ratio can be controlled by a method in which hydrogen peroxide or ozone is allowed to act on silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles.
- the M-OH bond can be formed by a method such as prescription when the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles are precipitated or by controlling the pH.
- the M-OH bond ratio can be controlled by a method of heat-treating silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles.
- the ratio of M-OH bonds can also be carried out by a dry heat treatment, or the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles are dispersed in a dispersion medium. It can also be carried out by heat treatment in the state of a dispersion.
- the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles are dispersed in a target solvent, a substance containing a functional group is added to the dispersion, and the mixture is stirred to control the M-OH bond ratio.
- the M—OH bond ratio may be controlled by performing a treatment such as stirring in the dispersion containing the precipitated silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles.
- the silicon compound-coated silicon in the present invention is used. There is an advantage that the control of the ratio of M—OH bonds contained in the doped zinc oxide particles and the control of the characteristics can be performed more strictly and homogeneously.
- pH adjustment at the time of depositing the said silicon compound coating silicon dope zinc oxide particle even if it adjusts by including pH adjusters, such as an acidic substance or a basic substance, in at least one of the various solutions in this invention, and a solvent. Alternatively, it may be adjusted by changing the flow rate when the fluid containing the silicon-doped zinc oxide raw material liquid and the fluid containing the zinc oxide precipitation solvent are mixed.
- pH adjusters such as an acidic substance or a basic substance
- the method for changing the functional group contained in the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles according to the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles may be dispersed in a target solvent, and a substance containing a functional group may be added to the dispersion and subjected to a treatment such as stirring. You may implement by mixing the fluid containing and the fluid containing the substance containing a functional group using the above-mentioned microreactor.
- a substance containing a functional group is a substance containing the functional group which can be substituted with the hydroxyl group contained in a silicon compound covering silicon dope zinc oxide particle, Comprising: Acylating agents, such as acetic anhydride and propionic anhydride; And methylating agents such as dimethylsulfuric acid and dimethyl carbonate; and silane coupling agents such as chlorotrimethylsilane and methyltrimethoxysilane.
- Acylating agents such as acetic anhydride and propionic anhydride
- methylating agents such as dimethylsulfuric acid and dimethyl carbonate
- silane coupling agents such as chlorotrimethylsilane and methyltrimethoxysilane.
- the M-OH bond ratio can also be controlled by a method in which hydrogen peroxide or ozone is allowed to act on silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles.
- the method for allowing hydrogen peroxide or ozone to act on the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles is not particularly limited. It may be carried out by dispersing silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles in a target solvent, adding a solution such as hydrogen peroxide or ozone or an aqueous solution containing them to the dispersion, and performing a treatment such as stirring. You may implement by mixing the fluid containing a compound coating silicon dope zinc oxide particle, and the fluid containing hydrogen peroxide or ozone using the above-mentioned microreactor.
- the dispersion can be implemented as a liquid dispersion in which silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles are dispersed in a liquid dispersion medium such as water, an organic solvent, or a resin, or silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles. It can implement also as a coating-form dispersion for apply
- the aggregation of particles can be suppressed as compared to dry-type heat treatment, and silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide can be obtained by a method such as heat treatment.
- a coating film containing a substance having the ultraviolet shielding property and / or near-infrared reflection property of silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles such as a clear coating film, has the ability to absorb ultraviolet rays of silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles.
- the silicon compound-coated silicon dope according to the present invention is applied to the glass or resin.
- the zinc oxide particles it can be suitably used for absorption of ultraviolet rays and / or reflection of near-infrared rays, etc.
- it since it has a high transmission characteristic for visible light, it aims at shielding ultraviolet rays and / or near-infrared rays. It can also be suitably used as a glass composition.
- the functional group is changed by heat treatment or the like, thereby changing the M- contained in the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles. It is also possible to control the characteristics of the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles by controlling the OH bond ratio, which is suitable for reducing the number of steps and controlling the characteristics strictly.
- the ratio of the M—OH bond that is a bond between one or different elements (M) other than oxygen or hydrogen contained in the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles and a hydroxyl group (OH) A step of preparing an untreated silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide having a predetermined primary particle size, which is a target for controlling the M-OH bond ratio, as a specific method;
- the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide can be divided into the step of performing a treatment for controlling the ratio of M-OH bonds.
- the M-OH bond ratio is controlled to a predetermined value. Particles may be produced for the purpose.
- composition for transparent material of the present invention is not particularly limited, and, if necessary, in addition to pigments and dyes, wetting agents, dispersants, anti-splitting agents, leveling agents, viscosity modifiers, and skin coating Additives such as inhibitors, anti-gelling agents, antifoam thickeners, anti-sagging agents, fungicides, UV absorbers, near-infrared reflectors, film-forming aids, surfactants, resin components, etc., as appropriate Can be further included depending on the purpose.
- polyester resin, melamine resin, phenol resin, epoxy resin, vinyl chloride resin, acrylic resin examples thereof include urethane resin, silicon resin, fluorine resin, and the like.
- the glass composition of the present invention When the glass composition of the present invention is applied to the glass surface, it may be composed of a plurality of glass compositions, may contain a coloring material, or may be applied to a paint such as a clear paint. It can also be implemented.
- a binder resin, a curing agent, a curing catalyst, a leveling agent, a surfactant, a silane coupling agent, an antifoaming agent, a pigment, or a dye if necessary.
- a coloring agent, antioxidant, etc. can be contained.
- the composition for transparent material includes a powder of silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles, a dispersion in which silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles are dispersed in a liquid dispersion medium, and a solid (or solidified) such as a resin.
- the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles contained in the composition for transparent material may be composed of one silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particle, and a plurality of silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles It may be composed of aggregated aggregates or a mixture of both.
- the size of the aggregates is preferably 100 nm or less.
- the said composition for transparent materials may be used with various color materials, and may be a composition for overcoating glass as a coating film.
- the transparent material composition is a dispersion
- examples of the dispersion medium include tap water, distilled water, RO water (reverse osmosis water), pure water, ultrapure water and the like, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, and the like.
- Alcohol solvents Polyhydric alcohol solvents such as propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and glycerin; Ester solvents such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate; Aromatic solvents such as benzene, toluene and xylene; Ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone Examples of the solvent include nitrile solvents such as acetonitrile; silicone oil, vegetable oil, and wax. These may be used alone or in combination.
- composition for transparent material It does not specifically limit as a color of the glass used for the composition for transparent materials which concerns on this invention. Further, since the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles of the present invention are nearly colorless and transparent in the visible range, when the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles are applied as a top coat of glass or a coated body, the glass or the coated body There is a merit that there is little influence on the original color.
- the composition for transparent material according to the present invention may contain various pigments and dyes in addition to the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles. For example, all pigments and dyes registered in the color index can be used. Among them, for example, C.I. I.
- Pigments and dyes classified as Pigment Green; C.I. I. Pigments and dyes classified as Pigment Blue; C.1. I. Pigments and dyes classified as Pigment White; C.I. I. Pigments and dyes classified as Pigment Yellow; for pigments and dyes constituting red, C.I. I. Pigments and dyes classified as Pigment Red; and C.I. I. Pigment Violet, orange-constituting pigments, and exclusive use are C.I. I. And pigments and dyes classified as Pigment Orange. More specifically, C.I. I. Pigment Red 122 and C.I. I. Quinalidon pigments such as CI Pigment Violet 19 and C.I. I. Pigment Red 254 and C.I. I.
- Diketopyrrolopyrrole pigments such as C.I. Pigment Orange 73; I. Pigment Red 150 and C.I. I. Naphthol pigments such as C.I. Pigment Red 170 and C.I. I. PigmentRed 123 and C.I. I. Perylene pigments such as CI Pigment Red179 and C.I. I. And azo pigments such as Pigment Red 144.
- These pigments and dyes may be used alone or in combination.
- the composition for transparent materials of this invention can also be mix
- the composition for transparent material according to the present invention includes the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles, thereby improving the ultraviolet absorbing ability of a transparent substrate such as glass used in buildings, vehicles, displays, etc., and in buildings and vehicles. It is possible to suppress the decomposition of organic matter, etc., and to shield by effectively reflecting near infrared rays, so it is possible to suppress temperature changes in buildings and vehicles, and to show high transmission characteristics for visible light. It can contribute to the improvement of transparency. Further, in the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles of the present invention, the silicon compound that exhibits blue to blue by further doping cobalt with the silicon-doped zinc oxide particles, and that exhibits yellow to red by further doping with iron. Since it can be coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles, it is possible to color the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles themselves.
- the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
- the pure water in the following examples used pure water having a conductivity of 0.86 ⁇ S / cm (measurement temperature: 25 ° C.) unless otherwise specified.
- sample preparation for TEM observation and sample preparation for STEM observation A part of the wet cake sample of silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in the Examples was dispersed in propylene glycol, and further diluted 100 times with isopropyl alcohol (IPA). The obtained diluted solution was dropped onto a collodion film or a microgrid and dried to obtain a sample for TEM observation or a sample for STEM observation.
- IPA isopropyl alcohol
- TEM-EDS analysis Transmission electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray analyzer: TEM-EDS analysis
- TEM-EDS analysis For observation and quantitative analysis of silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles by TEM-EDS analysis, a transmission electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer, JED-2300 (manufactured by JEOL Ltd.), JEM-2100 (Manufactured by JEOL Ltd.) was used.
- the acceleration voltage was set to 80 kV and the observation magnification was set to 25,000 times or more.
- the particle diameter was calculated from the distance between the maximum outer circumferences of the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles observed by TEM, and the average value (average primary particle diameter) of the results of measuring the particle diameter for 100 particles was calculated.
- the molar ratio of elemental components other than oxygen or hydrogen constituting the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles was calculated by TEM-EDS, and the average value of the results of calculating the molar ratio for 10 or more particles was calculated.
- X-ray diffraction measurement For X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement, a powder X-ray diffraction measurement apparatus EMPYREAN (Spectris Corporation, PANalytical Division) was used. The measurement conditions were a measurement range: 10 to 100 [° 2 Theta] Cu counter cathode, tube voltage 45 kV, tube current 40 mA, and scanning speed 0.3 ° / min. XRD measurement was performed using the dry powder of silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in each Example.
- EMPYREAN Spectris Corporation, PANalytical Division
- FT-IR measurement For the FT-IR measurement, a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, FT / IR-6600 (manufactured by JASCO Corporation) was used. The measurement conditions are a resolution of 4.0 cm ⁇ 1 and an integration count of 1024 using the ATR method in a nitrogen atmosphere. Waveform separation of the peak of 1250 cm -1 wave number 100 cm -1 in the infrared absorption spectrum, and the waveform peak separation of 1250 cm -1 wave number 800 cm -1, the spectral analysis supplied with the control software of the FT / IR-6600 Using the program, curve fitting was performed so that the residual sum of squares was 0.01 or less. It measured using the dry powder of the silicon compound covering silicon dope zinc oxide particle obtained in the Example.
- Transmission spectrum, absorption spectrum, reflection spectrum For the transmission spectrum, absorption spectrum, and reflection spectrum, an ultraviolet-visible near-infrared spectrophotometer (product name: V-770, manufactured by JASCO Corporation) was used.
- the measurement range of the transmission spectrum was 200 nm to 800 nm
- the measurement range of the absorption spectrum was 200 nm to 800 nm
- the sampling rate was 0.2 nm
- the measurement speed was low.
- the transmittance at a plurality of measurement wavelengths was simply averaged to obtain an average transmittance.
- the molar extinction coefficient is obtained by measuring the absorption spectrum, calculating the molar extinction coefficient at each measurement wavelength from the absorbance obtained from the measurement results and the concentration of the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles in the dispersion, and the horizontal axis represents the measurement wavelength.
- the graph shows the molar extinction coefficient on the vertical axis. For the measurement, a liquid cell having a thickness of 1 cm was used. In addition, the molar extinction coefficient at a plurality of measurement wavelengths from 200 nm to 380 nm was simply averaged to calculate the average molar extinction coefficient.
- the reflection spectrum is measured from 200 nm to 2500 nm, the sampling rate is 2.0 nm, the measurement speed is medium speed, the measurement method is a double beam photometry method, and total reflection measurement is performed to measure regular reflection and diffuse reflection. It was. Moreover, the standard white board (Product name: Spectralon (trademark), the product made from Labsphere) was used for the background measurement (baseline setting) at the time of measuring powder.
- the reflection spectrum was measured using the dry powder of silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in each example. The reflectance at a plurality of measurement wavelengths from wavelengths 780 nm to 2500 nm was simply averaged to obtain an average reflectance.
- Example 1 describes silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles in which at least a part of the surface of silicon-doped zinc oxide particles is coated with a silicon compound.
- a silicon compound raw material liquid liquid A
- oxide precipitation solvent liquid B
- C liquid silicon compound raw material liquid
- the mixture was homogeneously mixed by stirring at 20000 rpm for 30 minutes to prepare a silicon-doped zinc oxide raw material liquid.
- each component of an oxide precipitation solvent is stirred for 30 minutes at the preparation temperature of 45 degreeC and the rotation speed of a rotor of 15000 rpm using CLEARMIX.
- the mixture was homogeneously mixed to prepare an oxide precipitation solvent.
- each component of the silicon compound raw material liquid was stirred for 10 minutes at a preparation temperature of 20 ° C. and a rotor rotation speed of 6000 rpm using CLEARMIX.
- a silicon compound raw material liquid was prepared by mixing homogeneously.
- Zn (NO 3 ) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O is zinc nitrate hexahydrate (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- EG ethylene glycol
- 60 wt% HNO 3 is concentrated nitric acid (Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- NaOH is sodium hydroxide (Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- TEOS is tetraethylorthosilicate (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) MeOH is Methanol (Gordo Co., Ltd.) was used.
- Table 2 shows the operating conditions of the fluid treatment apparatus, the average primary particle diameter calculated from the TEM observation result of the obtained silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles, and the molar ratio (Si / Zn) calculated from the TEM-EDS analysis. It shows with the calculated value calculated from the prescription of A liquid, B liquid, and C liquid, and an introduction flow rate.
- silicon for constituting silicon-doped zinc oxide particles in silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles silicon for constituting silicon-doped zinc oxide particles in silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles.
- the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles [calculated values] are calculated based on the molar ratio of the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles as a whole (calculated from the molar concentration of silicon and zinc contained in the liquid A. Si / Zn), and in TEM-EDS, the molar ratio (Si / Zn) of the whole particles was calculated.
- the introduction temperature (liquid supply temperature) and the introduction pressure (liquid supply pressure) of the liquid A, liquid B and liquid C shown in Table 2 are sealed introduction paths (first introduction part) leading to the processing surfaces 1 and 2.
- d1 and the second introduction part d2) are measured using a thermometer and a pressure gauge provided in the second introduction part d2), and the introduction temperature of the liquid A shown in Table 2 is under the introduction pressure in the first introduction part d1.
- the temperature of the liquid A is the actual temperature of the liquid B
- the temperature of the liquid B is the actual temperature of the liquid B under the pressure of introduction in the second introduction part d2
- the temperature of the liquid C is the introduction temperature d3. It is the temperature of the actual C liquid under the introduction pressure in the inside.
- a model D-51 pH meter manufactured by HORIBA, Ltd. was used for pH measurement. Before introducing the liquid A, liquid B and liquid C into the fluid treatment apparatus, the pH was measured at room temperature. Further, the pH of the mixed fluid immediately after mixing the silicon-doped zinc oxide raw material liquid and the oxide precipitation solvent, the liquid after mixing the silicon-doped zinc oxide raw material liquid and the oxide precipitation solvent, and the silicon compound raw material liquid Since it is difficult to measure the pH of the liquid immediately after mixing, the pH of the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particle dispersion discharged from the apparatus and collected in the beaker b was measured at room temperature.
- a dry powder and a wet cake sample were prepared from the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particle dispersion liquid discharged from the fluid treatment apparatus and collected in the beaker b.
- the production method was performed according to a conventional method of this type of treatment.
- the discharged silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particle dispersion was collected, and the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles were settled to remove the supernatant.
- FIG. 1 shows the mapping result using STEM of the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in Example 1-1.
- FIG. 1 (a) is a dark field image (HAADF image), (b) is a mapping result of silicon (Si), (c) is zinc (Zn), and (d) is a mapping result of oxygen (O).
- FIG. 2 shows the result of line analysis at the position where a broken line is given in the HAADF image of FIG.
- oxygen and silicon were observed in the whole particle, but Zn was observed to have a smaller particle diameter than oxygen and silicon, and the surface of the particle was mainly composed of silicon. was found to exist.
- FIG. 1 shows the mapping result using STEM of the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in Example 1-1.
- FIG. 1 shows the mapping result using STEM of the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in Example 1-1.
- FIG. 1 (a) is a dark field image (HAADF image)
- (b) is
- Example 2 it can be seen that silicon is detected not only on the surface of the particle but also in the center, and silicon is present not only on the surface but also inside the particle. It was.
- the particles obtained in Example 1-1 were found to be silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles mainly containing silicon on the surface of the particles and containing silicon, oxygen and zinc throughout the particles. Similar results were obtained for the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in Example 1-2, Example 1-3, and Example 1-4.
- FIG. 5 shows the XRD measurement results of the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in Example 1-1 and the XRD measurement results of the zinc oxide particles obtained in Comparative Example 1.
- a ZnO peak was detected.
- Example 1-1 it was detected as a broader peak as compared with Comparative Example 1, and it was considered that the ZnO crystal was distorted because Si was taken into the particles.
- Similar XRD measurement results were obtained for the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in Example 1-2, Example 1-3, and Example 1-4.
- FIG. 6 shows absorption of a dispersion obtained by dispersing the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in Examples 1-1 to 1-4 and the zinc oxide particles obtained in Comparative Example 1 in propylene glycol.
- the figure which made the molar extinction coefficient computed from the molar concentration of the silicon dope zinc oxide particle (converted as ZnO + Si) or the zinc oxide particle (converted as ZnO) in the dispersion used for the spectrum and the measurement with respect to the measurement wavelength is shown.
- Table 3 shows a comparative example of Si / Zn (molar ratio) of the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in Examples 1-1 to 1-4 and the average molar extinction coefficient at wavelengths of 200 nm to 380 nm. 1 is shown together with the average molar extinction coefficient of the zinc oxide particles obtained in 1 at a wavelength of 200 nm to 380 nm. Further, Table 3 shows the rate of increase in the average molar extinction coefficient in the same wavelength region of the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in each Example with respect to the average molar extinction coefficient in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm of Comparative Example 1. (Average molar extinction coefficient increase rate) is described.
- FIG. 7 shows the reflectance of the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in Examples 1-1 to 1-4 and the zinc oxide particles obtained in Comparative Example 1 in the wavelength region of 200 nm to 2500 nm. The measurement results are shown.
- Table 3 shows the average reflectance of the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in Examples 1-1 to 1-4 in the wavelength region of 780 nm to 2500 nm.
- FIG. 8 shows a wavelength range from 780 nm to 2500 nm with respect to the molar ratio (Si / Zn) of the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in Examples 1-1 to 1-4 and the zinc oxide particles obtained in Comparative Example 1.
- region of is shown.
- grains, and the molar ratio of the silicon compound covering silicon dope zinc oxide particle containing a silicon compound ( Both (Si / Zn) were used.
- FIG. 9 shows the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in Example 1-1 and Examples 1-2 to 1-4 and the zinc oxide particles obtained in Comparative Example 1 as propylene glycol as ZnO + Si.
- the transmission spectrum of a dispersion dispersed at a concentration of 0.011% by weight is shown.
- Table 3 shows the average transmittance of light having a wavelength of 380 nm to 780 nm in the transmission spectrum of the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in Examples 1-1 to 1-4.
- Si / Zn (molar ratio) contained in the silicon-doped zinc oxide particles is 0.01 or more and 0.50 or less, and the silicon-doped metal oxide particles are dispersed in a dispersion medium.
- the average molar extinction coefficient increase rate in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm is preferably 110% or more, and the average molar extinction coefficient is preferably 650 L / (mol ⁇ cm) or more.
- the average reflectance in the wavelength region from 780 nm to 2500 nm is increased. There was a tendency to (increase).
- the average reflectance in the wavelength region of 780 nm to 2500 nm is 75% or higher, and is higher than that of the zinc oxide particles of the comparative example.
- the molar ratio (Si / Zn) of the silicon-doped zinc oxide particles is 0.10 or more, or the molar ratio (Si / Zn) of the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles is 0.175 or more (for example, Example 1).
- -3 or Example 1-4) has an average reflectance of less than 75% in the wavelength region of 780 nm to 2500 nm, shields ultraviolet rays from glass and agricultural films used in indoor hot springs, hot water pools or greenhouses, etc. It is suitable for the case where the purpose is to transmit near infrared rays.
- the average transmittance in the visible wavelength region of 380 nm to 780 nm is higher than that of the comparative example, indicating 90% or more, and the transparency of the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particle dispersion of the present invention is very high. It was also shown to be high.
- the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles in the composition for transparent material used as a coating material or a film used for glass high transparency and transparency imparted with ultraviolet absorbing ability and / or near infrared reflecting ability It makes it possible to provide the composition for materials.
- composition for transparent material containing a plurality of types of silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles with controlled properties, when used in transparent materials such as glass and clear coatings, transparency is improved. It is suitable as an ultraviolet shielding agent using ultraviolet absorption ability and / or a near infrared shielding agent using near infrared reflectivity after securing.
- Example 2 As Example 2, a silicon compound-coated silicon cobalt-doped zinc oxide particle in which at least a part of the surface of silicon cobalt-doped zinc oxide particles obtained by further doping cobalt into silicon-doped zinc oxide particles is coated with a silicon compound will be described. Except for the conditions shown in Tables 4 and 5, silicon compound-coated silicon cobalt-doped zinc oxide particles were produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- EG is (manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.) Ethylene glycol, Zn (NO 3) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O is zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Wako Pure Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd.), Co (NO 3 ) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O is cobalt nitrate hexahydrate (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), NaOH is sodium hydroxide (Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.), 60 wt% HNO 3 Was concentrated nitric acid (manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.), and TEOS was tetraethyl orthosilicate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.).
- Example 2 was also evaluated in the same manner as Example 1. The results are shown in Table 7.
- Example 6 the same conclusion as in Example 1 was obtained even when the silicon-doped zinc oxide particles were silicon cobalt-doped zinc oxide particles.
- the silicon cobalt-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in Example 2 are light blue to blue, and the color range is controlled by controlling the amount of cobalt contained in the silicon cobalt-doped zinc oxide particles. Therefore, when used in a composition for transparent material, it is suitable for the purpose of coloring blue or light blue in addition to the property of shielding ultraviolet rays and / or near infrared rays.
- Example 3 describes silicon compound-coated silicon iron-doped zinc oxide particles in which at least a part of the surface of silicon iron-doped zinc oxide particles obtained by further doping iron into silicon-doped zinc oxide particles is coated with a silicon compound. Except for the conditions shown in Tables 7 and 8, silicon compound-coated silicon iron-doped zinc oxide particles were produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- EG is (manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- Ethylene glycol Zn (NO 3) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O is zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Wako Pure Chemical industry Co., Ltd.)
- Fe (NO 3) 2 ⁇ 9H 2 O are made of iron nitrate nonahydrate (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.)
- NaOH is sodium hydroxide (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.)
- 60wt% HNO 3 was concentrated nitric acid (manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- TEOS was tetraethyl orthosilicate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.).
- Example 3 the same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed. The results are shown in Table 9.
- Example 9 the same conclusion as in Example 1 was obtained even when the silicon-doped zinc oxide particles were silicon iron-doped zinc oxide particles.
- the silicon iron-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in Example 3 have a yellow to red color, and by controlling the amount of iron contained in the silicon iron-doped zinc oxide particles, the above color range is set. Since it can be controlled, it is suitable for the purpose of coloring yellow and red in addition to the properties of ultraviolet and / or near infrared shielding when used in a composition for transparent material.
- Example 4 shows the result of heat-treating the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles coated with the silicon compound obtained in Example 1-1.
- the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in Example 1-1 were heat-treated using an electric furnace as a treatment for changing the functional group contained in the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles.
- the heat treatment conditions are Example 4-1: 200 ° C., Example 4-3: 300 ° C., and Example 4-4: 400 ° C.
- the heat treatment time is 30 minutes at each heat treatment temperature.
- Table 10 shows the results of each example together with the ratio of M—OH bonds and the ratio of Si—OH bonds.
- FIG. 3 shows a mapping result using STEM of the silicon oxide-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in Example 4-4
- FIG. 4 shows a line analysis at a position where a broken line is given in the HAADF image of FIG. The results are shown.
- silicon considered to be derived from a silicon compound was detected mainly on the surface of the particles, and silicon and zinc were also detected inside the particles.
- Example 1-1 a portion where no silicon was detected was observed inside the particles. That is, compared with the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in Example 1-1, the moles of silicon (Si) with respect to zinc (Zn) in the vicinity of the surface layer compared to the inside of the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles. It was found that the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles were controlled to increase (increase) the ratio (Si / Zn).
- Example 1 the atomic% in which silicon is detected in the vicinity of the surface layer as compared with the inside of the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles is As seen in combination with the results in Table 10, the molar ratio (Si / Zn) in the vicinity of the surface layer is controlled to be higher than that in the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles.
- the average reflectance of the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles in the wavelength region from 780 nm to 2500 nm is increased.
- Example 5 As Example 5, a device described in JP-A-2009-112892 and a mixing / reaction method of liquid A (silicon-doped zinc oxide raw material liquid), liquid B (oxide precipitation solvent) and liquid C (silicon compound raw material liquid) Silicon-doped zinc oxide particles were produced under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that was used.
- the apparatus described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-112892 uses the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 of the same publication, and the inner diameter of the stirring tank is 80 mm, the outer end of the stirring tool, the inner peripheral side surface of the stirring tank, and the gap are 0 The rotational speed of the stirring blade was 7200 rpm.
- the obtained particles were mainly composed of silicon as in Example 1. And was found to be silicon-doped zinc oxide particles containing silicon, oxygen and zinc in the entire particle (not shown).
- the ZnO peak was detected from the XRD measurement results of the silicon-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in Example 5-1 to Example 5-4 and the XRD measurement result of the zinc oxide particles obtained in Comparative Example 2.
- Table 11 shows the results of the same evaluation as in Example 1 for the silicon-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in Example 5-1 to Example 5-4.
- Example 1 As can be seen in Table 11, unlike Example 1, even when the silicon compound-coated silicon-doped zinc oxide particles were produced using an apparatus different from the apparatus described in Patent Document 6 or 7, The same conclusion as in Example 1 could be obtained.
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Abstract
Description
上記紫外線及び/又は近赤外線遮蔽剤が、酸化亜鉛粒子に少なくともケイ素をドープさせたケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の表面の少なくとも一部がケイ素化合物で被覆されたケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を含むものであることを特徴とする透明材用紫外線及び/又は近赤外線遮蔽剤組成物である。
上記ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の亜鉛(Zn)とケイ素(Si)とのモル比(Si/Zn)が増大するように制御されたケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子であって、上記ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を分散媒に分散させた分散液における、波長200nmから380nmの領域における平均モル吸光係数が増大するように制御されたケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子である透明材用紫外線及び/又は近赤外線遮蔽剤組成物であることが好ましい。
上記モル比(Si/Zn)が低下するように制御されたケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子であって、上記ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の波長780nmから2500nmの領域における平均反射率が増大するように制御されたケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子である透明材用紫外線及び/又は近赤外線遮蔽剤組成物であることが好ましい。
かつ波長780nmから2500nmの領域における平均反射率、又は上記ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を分散媒に分散させた分散液における、波長200nmから380nmの領域における平均モル吸光係数の少なくとも何れかが増大するように制御されたケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子である透明材用紫外線及び/又は近赤外線遮蔽剤組成物であることが好ましい。
上記ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子が、上記波形分離された各ピークの総面積に対する、波形分離されたM-OH結合に由来するピークの面積比率を制御されたケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子である透明材用紫外線及び/又は近赤外線遮蔽剤組成物であることが好ましい。
上記ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子が、上記波形分離された各ピークの総面積に対する、波形分離されたSi-OH結合に由来するピークの面積比率を制御されたケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子である透明材用紫外線及び/又は近赤外線遮蔽剤組成物であることが好ましい。
上記ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子、又はケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の凝集体の粒子径が1nm以上100nm以下であるケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子である透明材用紫外線及び/又は近赤外線遮蔽剤組成物であることが好ましい。
本発明に係る透明材用組成物とは、透明性を求められる塗装体やガラス、透明樹脂やフィルム状組成物に用いるための組成物である。例えば、ガラス、透明樹脂やクリアー塗膜そのものに含まれる組成物や、あわせガラスの中間膜に含まれる組成物、ガラスや透明樹脂に貼付する等、ガラスと組み合わせるフィルム等に用いられるフィルム状組成物、ガラスに塗布するための塗料も含む。ガラスや透明樹脂の材料として用いる場合には本発明に係る透明材用紫外線及び/又は近赤外線遮蔽剤を、ガラスや硬化前のガラス、又は透明樹脂に直接練り込むことや、各種ガラス用の膜やフィルムを形成するための組成物に混合させる等の方法で用いることで、紫外線又は近赤外線を目的に応じて効果的に遮蔽するために好適なガラス用紫外線及び/又は近赤外線遮蔽剤組成物とできる。なお上記透明樹脂としては、PMMA(ポリメチルメタクリレート)、PC(ポリカーボネート)、PET(ポリエチレンテレフタレート)等が挙げられる。透明材用組成物がクリアー塗膜用組成物の場合にあっては、本発明に係る透明材用紫外線及び/又は近赤外線遮蔽剤を、クリアー塗膜を形成するための塗料等に用いることで、クリアー塗膜用紫外線及び/又は近赤外線遮蔽剤組成物とでき、当該塗料を用いた建築物や自動車、外壁や看板等の塗装体に本発明に係る透明材用紫外線及び/又は近赤外線遮蔽剤を用いたクリアー塗膜を形成することができる。その他、本発明の透明材用組成物は、紫外線及び/又は近赤外線を遮蔽する目的に好適な透明材用組成物である。
本発明に係る透明材用紫外線及び/又は近赤外線遮蔽剤であるケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子は、ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の表面の少なくとも一部がケイ素化合物で被覆されたケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子であり、上記ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子におけるケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の亜鉛(Zn)とケイ素(Si)とのモル比(Si/Zn)、特にケイ素を被覆されていないケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の亜鉛(Zn)とケイ素(Si)とのモル比(Si/Zn)を制御することで波長780nmから2500nmの領域における平均反射率、及び/又は上記ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を分散媒に分散させた分散液における、波長200nmから380nmの領域における平均モル吸光係数を制御されたケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子であることが好ましく、本発明に係るケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子は、ガラスそのものの材料として用いることもできるし、またガラスに貼付する等、ガラスと組み合わせるフィルム等やガラスに塗布するための塗料等やクリアー塗膜に含まれる材料としても用いることができる。
本発明に係るケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子は、ケイ素化合物とケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子によってのみ構成されるものに限定するものではない。本発明に影響を与えない程度に上記以外の物質を含むものとしても実施できる。例えば他の元素を含むケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子であってもよく、ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛以外の化合物を含む複合酸化物粒子としても実施できる。上記物質としては、水酸化物や窒化物、炭化物、硝酸塩や硫酸塩等の各種塩類、及び水和物や有機溶媒和物を挙げることができる。
本発明のケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の一例として、後述する実施例1-1で得られたケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の表面の少なくとも一部をケイ素化合物の一つであるケイ素酸化物を被覆したケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子について示す。図1は、実施例1-1で得られたケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子のSTEMを用いたマッピング結果である。図1において、(a)は暗視野像(HAADF像)であり、(b)はケイ素(Si)、(c)は亜鉛(Zn)、(d)は酸素(O)のそれぞれマッピング結果である。図1に見られるように、粒子の全体にはケイ素と酸素が検出され、亜鉛は上記ケイ素と酸素に比べて一層小さな粒子として検出されている。すなわちケイ素は主に粒子の表面に検出されている。ただし、粒子の内部においてもケイ素と亜鉛とがランダムに検出されている状態であり、粒子の内部にSiがドープされて含まれているケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の表面をケイ素化合物によって被覆されていることがわかる。図2は、図1の(a)HAADF像において、破線を施した位置での線分析の結果であり、粒子の端から端までの線部分において検出された元素の原子%(モル%)を示した結果である。図2に見られるように、酸素及びケイ素については、線分析における分析範囲の両端まで検出されたが、亜鉛については粒子の端から0.5nm程度内側までしか検出されておらず、ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の表面の少なくとも一部が、ケイ素酸化物を含むケイ素化合物で被覆されていることがわかる。図3に後述する実施例4-4で得られたケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子のSTEMを用いたマッピング結果を、図4に図3のHAADF像における破線を施した位置での線分析の結果を示す。図3、4に見られるように、実施例4-4で得られた粒子についても主に粒子の表面にケイ素化合物由来と考えられるケイ素が検出されており、粒子の内部においてもケイ素と亜鉛とがランダムに検出されている状態ではあるが、実施例1-1とは異なり、粒子の内部において、ケイ素が検出されない部分が見られる。すなわち実施例1-1で得られたケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子に比べて、ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の内部に比して表層近傍における亜鉛(Zn)に対するケイ素(Si)のモル比(Si/Zn)が増大するように制御されたケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子であることがわかる。このように本発明のケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の一例として、ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の表面の少なくとも一部をケイ素酸化物で被覆したケイ素酸化物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子として実施することができる。ただし、ガラスやクリアー塗膜に用いる透明材用組成物に用いるために、酸化亜鉛粒子又はケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を微粒子化することによって生じる光触媒能が、上記ケイ素化合物を粒子の表面の少なくとも一部に被覆することによって抑制されている必要がある。また、酸化亜鉛粒子の表面をケイ素化合物で被覆することによって、酸化亜鉛に対して、耐水性や耐酸・耐アルカリ性等の化学安定性を付与できる利点がある。
図5に実施例1-1で得られたケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子のXRD測定結果、及び比較例1で得られた酸化亜鉛粒子のXRD測定結果を示す。図5に見られるように、比較例1で得られた酸化亜鉛粒子のXRD測定結果からはZnOのピークが明確に検出されているが、実施例1-1ではブロードなピークとして検出されており、粒子の内部にSiが取り込まれたために、ZnOの結晶に歪が生じた可能性が考えられる。このように本発明のケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子は、その一例として、粒子の内部に少なくともケイ素を含むケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子として実施することができるものであり、上記STEM写真にも見られるように、粒子の表面を被覆されていない上記ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子は、ケイ素亜鉛固溶体酸化物粒子であることが好ましい。
本発明においては、ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子に含まれる亜鉛(Zn)とケイ素(Si)とのモル比(Si/Zn)を制御することによって、近赤外領域である上記波長780nmから2500nmの光線に対する反射率や平均反射率又は紫外領域である波長200nmから380nmの光線に対するモル吸光係数や平均モル吸光係数等の色特性についても的確かつ厳密に制御できるものであり、特に透明材用組成物に用いた場合に好適なケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を提供できるものである。これらの色特性の制御は、後述するケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子に含まれる水酸基の量の制御と組み合わせることによって、さらに厳密に制御することが可能となる。
モル吸光係数は、紫外可視吸収スペクトル測定における、吸光度と測定試料中の測定対象となる物質のモル濃度より、以下の式1にて算出可能である。
ε=A/(c・l) (式1)
ここで、εは物質固有の定数で、モル吸光係数と言い、1cmの厚みをもつ1mol/Lの分散液の吸光度であるため、単位はL/(mol・cm)である。Aは紫外可視吸収スペクトル測定における吸光度であり、cは試料のモル濃度(mol/L)である。lは光が透過する長さ(光路長)(cm)であり、通常は紫外可視吸収スペクトルを測定する際のセルの厚みである。本発明においては、波長200nmから380nmの紫外線領域の光線を吸収する能力を示すために、波長200nmから380nmの測定波長領域における、全ての測定波長それぞれにおけるモル吸光係数の単純平均を算出し、平均モル吸光係数として評価した。
また、波長780nmから2500nmの光線に対する平均反射率とは、波長780nmから2500nmの波長領域の反射スペクトルにおける、全ての測定波長それぞれにおける反射率の単純平均値であり、また、波長380nmから780nmの平均透過率とは、波長380nmから780nmの波長領域の透過スペクトルにおける、全ての測定波長それぞれにおける透過率の単純平均である。
また本発明のケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子は、上記ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の波長200nmから380nmの領域における平均モル吸光係数について、上記ケイ素化合物で粒子の表面を被覆しておらず、さらにケイ素をドープしていない酸化亜鉛粒子の同波長領域における平均モル吸光係数に対する上昇率である「平均モル吸光係数上昇率」が制御されたケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子であることが好ましい。
図6に上記実施例1-1及びケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子に含まれる亜鉛(Zn)に対するケイ素(Si)のモル比(Si/Zn)を変更して作製した実施例1-2から実施例1-4で得られたケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子、並びに比較例1で得られたケイ素化合物で粒子の表面被覆をしておらず、さらにケイ素をドープしていない酸化亜鉛粒子をプロピレングリコールに分散させて得られた分散液の波長200nmから380nmの領域におけるモル吸光係数のグラフを示す。なお、上記実施例1-1から実施例1-4で得られたケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子、及び比較例1で得られた酸化亜鉛粒子の平均一次粒子径は、全ての条件において8.5nmから9.0nmの範囲であり、比表面積を一定と考えることができるものである。モル比(Si/Zn)は実施例1-1<実施例1-2<実施例1-3<実施例1-4である。図6に見られるように、比較例1で得られた酸化亜鉛粒子に比して、ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の波長200nmから380nmの範囲におけるモル吸光係数が上昇していることがわかる。本発明のケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子は、当該ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を分散媒に分散させて得られた分散液における波長200nmから380nmの範囲における平均モル吸光係数が、上記ケイ素化合物で粒子の表面を被覆しておらず、さらにケイ素をドープしていない酸化亜鉛粒子に比して高くなるように(増大するように)制御されているケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子であり、モル比(Si/Zn)が高くなるように(増大するように)制御することによって、上記波長200nmから380nmの領域における平均モル吸光係数が高くなるように(増大するように)制御されたケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子であることが好ましい。また好ましくはケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を分散媒に分散させて得られた分散液における波長200nmから380nmの範囲における平均モル吸光係数上昇率が、上記ケイ素化合物で粒子の表面を被覆しておらず、さらにケイ素をドープしていない酸化亜鉛粒子に比して110%以上に高くなるように制御されたケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子である。
本発明のケイ素ドープによる酸化亜鉛粒子のモル吸光係数の上昇の要因は定かではないが、本来、物質の光の吸収は物質固有のエネルギー順位に従う電子遷移に基づいて、特定の波長の光線(光エネルギー)を吸収するものとされているが、酸化亜鉛粒子にケイ素がドープされることによって、結晶格子の歪の発生や、-亜鉛-酸素-ケイ素-のランダムな組み合わせによる新たな結合の発生、又は酸素の欠損部位や亜鉛若しくはケイ素の欠損部位等が発生し、それによって酸化亜鉛粒子が本来から持つエネルギー順位とは似て非なるエネルギー順位が生じることによる光吸収能の増大(エネルギー順位数の増大)や、粒子の表層近傍でしか吸収されていなかった光が粒子の内部にまで入る込むことを可能にしたことによる光吸収能の増大(素材の光吸収効率の増大)が、ケイ素をドープすることによって酸化亜鉛粒子のモル吸光係数が上昇したこと、すなわち同光線量に対する光吸収効率の増大の要因であると本願出願人は考えている。
図7に上記実施例1-1及びケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子に含まれる亜鉛(Zn)に対するケイ素(Si)のモル比(Si/Zn)を変更して作製した実施例1-2から実施例1-4で得られたケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子、及び比較例1で得られたケイ素化合物で粒子の表面を被覆しておらず、さらにケイ素をドープしていない酸化亜鉛粒子の波長200nmから2500nmの領域における反射率のグラフを示す。上述したとおり、モル比(Si/Zn)は実施例1-1<実施例1-2<実施例1-3<実施例1-4である。図7に見られるように、モル比(Si/Zn)を変化させることによって、波長780nmから2500nmの領域における平均反射率に違いが見られた。モル比(Si/Zn)が小さい範囲(実施例1-1、実施例1-2)においては、上記ケイ素化合物で粒子の表面を被覆しておらず、さらにケイ素をドープしていない酸化亜鉛粒子に比して、波長780nmから2500nmの領域における平均反射率は高くなるが、モル比(Si/Zn)が大きくなるように制御することによって、上記波長780nmから2500nmの領域における平均反射率は低くなるように(低下するように)制御されるものであり、実施例1-3、実施例1-4においては、比較例1で得られた酸化亜鉛粒子よりも低くなる様子が見られる。すなわち、本発明のケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子は、モル比(Si/Zn)が低くなるように(低下するように)制御することによって、上記波長780nmから2500nmの近赤外線領域における平均反射率が高くなるように(増大するように)制御されたものであることが好ましい。
本発明においては、異なるモル比(Si/Zn)のケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を、透明材の目的によって使い分け、また混合して用いる事で的確な透明材設計を可能とする。例えば、一般建築物や乗り物のガラス又はクリアー塗膜ように、波長200nmから380nmの領域における紫外線を高い効率で吸収し、波長780nmから2500nmの領域における近赤外線についても高い効率で反射したい場合には、ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子のモル比(Si/Zn)を調節し、例えば上記実施例1-1や実施例1-2のようなケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を用いることが好適であるし、温水プールや室内温泉、農業用フィルム等、紫外線は効果的に遮蔽する一方で、室内暖房の保温が主の目的のために近赤外線については反射率が低くてもよい場合等には、上記実施例1-3や実施例1-4のようなケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を用いることが好適である。また、これら上述した、異なるモル比(Si/Zn)のケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を混合してガラスや中間膜、ガラスに塗布するための塗料、又はクリアー塗膜やクリアー塗膜を形成するための塗料等に配合することによって、より厳密かつ的確なガラス組成物の設計が可能となる。また、これらの特性を制御されたケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を複数種含む透明材用組成物とすることによって、透明材に用いた場合においては、透明性を確保した上で紫外線吸収能を用いた紫外線遮蔽剤及び/又は近赤外線反射能を用いた近赤外線遮蔽剤として好適である。
本発明に係る透明材用紫外線及び/又は近赤外線遮蔽剤組成物であるケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子は、反応、晶析、析出、共沈等の方法で得られた粒子である。上記ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子に含まれる水酸基の量を制御されていることが好ましく、上記水酸基の量は上記ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子に含まれる酸素又は水素以外の単数又は異なる複数の元素(M)と水酸基(OH)との結合の比率又は上記ケイ素化合物に含まれるケイ素(Si)と水酸基(OH)との結合の比率であることが好ましい。上記酸素若しくは水素以外の単数又は異なる複数の元素(M)としては、化学周期表上における金属元素又は半金属元素であることが好ましく、本発明における半金属元素は、特に限定されないが、好ましくは、Si、Ge、As、Sb、Te、Se等の半金属元素を挙げることができる。ただし、本発明におけるケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子においては、上記酸素又は水素以外の単数又は異なる複数の元素(M)に、Zn及びSiを含むものである。それらZn及びSi以外の金属や半金属について、単一の元素又は複数の元素を含む複合酸化物粒子や金属元素と半金属元素とを含む複合酸化物粒子をケイ素化合物で被覆したケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子であってもよい。
図10に実施例1-1及び実施例4-4で得られたケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子のATR法にて測定したFT-IR測定結果を示す(以下、単にIR測定と略す)。ここで、IRとは赤外吸収分光法の略である。実施例4-4で得られたケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子のIR測定結果は、実施例1-1で得られたケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子のIR測定結果に比べて、1650cm-1付近及び3400cm-1付近のブロードなピークが小さくなり、800cm-1付近から1250cm-1付近のブロードなピークが高波数側にシフトしているように見られる。本発明においては、これらのピークの内、3400cm-1付近のピークは、水を含む水酸基(-OH)に由来するピーク、800cm-1付近から1250cm-1付近のピークはM-OH結合に由来するピークを含むピークと考えている。本発明においては、ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子に含まれるM-OH結合の比率を制御することで各種色特性を制御することも可能であり、上記M-OH結合の比率は、一例としてIR測定結果より判断することができる。また、上記M-OH結合の比率は、IR測定以外の方法で測定してもよく、一例としてX線光電子分光法(XPS)や、固体核磁気共鳴(固体NMR)、電子エネルギー損失分光法(EELS)等の方法が挙げられる。
上記IR測定結果における波数100cm-1から1250cm-1のピークを波形分離した結果を実施例1-1について図11に示す。なお、先の説明においては、IR測定結果の縦軸を透過率(%T)で示したが、波形分離は縦軸を吸光度として行ったために、図11においては縦軸を吸光度で示す。本発明においては、上記IR測定結果における波数100cm-1から1250cm-1のピークを波形分離した結果、波数800cm-1から1250cm-1に波形分離されたピークをM-OH結合に由来するピークとし、波数100cm-1から800cm-1に波形分離されたピークをM-O結合に由来するピークとし、波数100cm-1から1250cm-1の領域において波形分離された各ピークの総面積に対する、上記M-OH結合に波形分離されたピークの面積比率を制御することで、紫外線領域におけるモル吸光係数及び/又は近赤外線領域における反射率を制御されたケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子であることが好ましい。すなわち、例えば、図11に示した実施例1-1のIR測定結果においては、波数100cm-1から800cm-1に波形分離された2つのピークをM-O結合に由来するピークとし、波数800cm-1から1250cm-1に波形分離された2つのピークをM-OH結合とし、上記波数100cm-1から1250cm-1の領域において波形分離された各ピークの総面積に対する、上記M-OH結合に波形分離された各ピークの総面積の比率を算出することで、ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子に含まれるM-OH結合の比率を導きだすものである。本発明においては、M-OH結合の比率を算出する一例として、上記IR測定結果における波数100cm-1から1250cm-1のピークを波形分離し、波形分離された全てのピークの総面積に対する、波数800cm-1から1250cm-1に波形分離されたM-OH結合の面積の総計より算出される面積比率(M-OH比率[%])をM-OH結合の比率として示す。
なお、上記実施例1-1及び実施例4-4の酸化物粒子は先に示したとおり、ケイ素酸化物でケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の表面の少なくとも一部を被覆したケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子であるため、上記M-OH結合におけるMは亜鉛(Zn)又はケイ素(Si)に特定することができる。またM-O結合は、上記M-OH結合と同様にZn-O結合又はSi-O結合に特定することができる。本発明においては波数100cm-1から1250cm-1のピークを波形分離し、波数800cm-1から1250cm-1に波形分離されたピークをM-OH結合に由来するピークとし、波形分離された全てのピークの総面積に対する、上記M-OH結合の面積の総計より算出される面積比率(M-OH比率[%])を制御することで、当該ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の紫外線領域におけるモル吸光係数及び/又は近赤外線領域における反射率である色特性を制御できることをも見出したものである。ただし、本発明においては上記波数800cm-1から1250cm-1に波形分離されたピークの内、M-OH結合とは異なるピークに帰属出来る場合には、M-OH結合とは異なる結合に帰属することも可能である。例えば実施例1-1における上記M-OH結合に特定した波数800cm-1から1250cm-1に波形分離されたピークにおいて、992cm-1付近に波形分離されたピークはシリカの骨格構造に関するピークとして、M-OHの結合(Si-OHの結合)ではなく、M-O結合(Si-O結合)として特定することも出来る。図12に、図5に示した実施例1-1のIR測定結果における波数800cm-1から1250cm-1のピークを波形分離した結果を示す。図12に見られるように、992cm-1付近:≡Si-O-Si=の伸縮振動に帰属することも出来るため、Si-O結合とすることもでき、913cm-1付近のピークをSi-OH結合に帰属することができる。このように、上記波数800cm-1から1250cm-1に波形分離されたピークを更にSi-OH結合とSi-O結合に細分化して上記M-OH結合の比率を導き出すことで、より詳細にM-OH結合の比率を制御して、当該ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の色特性を制御してもよいし、上記波数800cm-1から1250cm-1のピークだけを波形分離してSi-OH結合の比率を導き出し、Si-OH結合の比率を制御することで色特性を制御してもよい。
図5に見られるように実施例1-1で得られたケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子のXRD測定結果は、ケイ素をドープしていない酸化亜鉛(比較例1)に比べてブロードではあるが、ZnOに由来するピーク以外にはピークが見られていない。また上記実施例4-4においてもXRD測定結果ではZnOに由来するピーク以外にはピークが見られておらず(図示無)、それにもかかわらず、IR測定結果においては上記M-OH結合及びSi-OHに由来するピークが検出されたことから、上記M-OH結合及びSi-OH結合は、粒子の内部よりも、主に酸化物粒子の表面に存在するために、XRD測定結果においては、水酸化物等のピークが検出されなかったものと考えている。また、上記XRD測定結果から、上記IR測定にて確認されたケイ素化合物が非晶質を含むことが示されたものである。以下、M-OH結合とSi-OH結合とを総称して、M-OH結合と称することがある。
本発明においては、ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子に含まれるM-OH結合の比率又はSi-OH結合の比率を制御することによって、近赤外領域である上記波長780nmから2500nmの光線に対する反射率や平均反射率、紫外領域である波長200nmから380nmの光線に対するモル吸光係数や平均モル吸光係数又は透過率、可視領域である波長380nmから780nmにおける反射率や平均反射率又は透過率等の色特性についても的確かつ厳密に制御できるものであり、特に透明材用組成物に用いた場合に好適なケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を提供できるものである。
本発明においては、ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子における、ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の一次粒子径が1nm以上100nm以下であることが好ましく、1nm以上50nm以下であることがより好ましい。上述したように、ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子に含まれる亜鉛及びケイ素が複合的に酸化物を構成することによって、当該ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子のモル吸光係数や平均反射率等を制御できることや、粒子の表面がそれらの特性に与える影響が大きいこと等が想定できること、並びに上述したようにケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子に含まれるM-OH結合の比率が主に粒子の表面に存在することが想定されるため、一次粒子径が100nm以下のケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子は、一次粒子径が100nmを超えるケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子に比べて表面積が増大されており、ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子における亜鉛(Zn)に対するケイ素(Si)の比率(モル比)を制御することや、ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子のM-OH結合の比率を制御することによる当該ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の平均モル吸光係数や平均反射率等の特性に与える影響が大きいことが考えられる。そのため一次粒子径が100nm以下のケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子にあっては、ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子のモル比(Si/Zn)又は上記M-OH結合の比率を制御することで、所定の特性(特に透明材用組成物に好適な特性)を好適に発揮させることができる利点がある。
本発明においては、粒子の表面の少なくとも一部を被覆されたケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子にあっては、上記被覆前の上記ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の平均一次粒子径に対する化合物による被覆後のケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の平均一次粒子径の割合が100.5%以上190%以下であることが好ましい。ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子に対する化合物の被覆が薄すぎると、化合物によって被覆されたケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子が有する特性に関する効果等を発揮し得なくなるおそれがあることから、化合物による被覆後のケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の平均一次粒子径が、ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の平均一次粒子径の100.5%以上であることが好ましい。被覆が厚すぎる場合や、粗大な凝集体を被覆した場合には特性の制御が困難となることから、化合物による被覆後のケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の平均一次粒子径が、ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の平均一次粒子径の190%以下であることが好ましい。本発明に係るケイ素化合物によって被覆されたケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子は、コアとなるケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の表面全体をケイ素化合物で均一に被覆したコアシェル型のケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子であってもよい。また、上記ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子は、複数個のケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子が凝集していない、単一のケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の表面の少なくとも一部をケイ素化合物で被覆した化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子であることが好ましいが、複数個のケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子が凝集した凝集体の表面の少なくとも一部を化合物で被覆したケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子であってもかまわない。
本発明におけるケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の表面の少なくとも一部を被覆するケイ素化合物は、ケイ素酸化物を含むものであることが好ましく、非晶質のケイ素酸化物を含むものであることが更に好ましい。ケイ素化合物が非晶質のケイ素酸化物を含むことによって、ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の反射率、透過率、モル吸光係数、色相、彩度等の色特性を厳密に制御することが可能である。ケイ素化合物が、非晶質のケイ素酸化物の場合には、M-OH(Si-OH)が多数存在するため、本発明に係る粒子特性の制御が容易となるメリットがある。
本発明に係るケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の製造方法の一例として、ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の原料を少なくとも含むケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛原料液と、ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を析出させるためのケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛析出物質を少なくとも含む酸化物析出溶媒とを用意し、ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛原料液と酸化物析出溶媒とを混合させた混合流体中で、反応、晶析、析出、共沈等の方法でケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を析出させ、析出させたケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を含む上記混合流体と、ケイ素化合物の原料を少なくとも含むケイ素化合物原料液とを混合させて、ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の表面の少なくとも一部をケイ素化合物で被覆することによってケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を製造する方法を用いることが好ましい。また、ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子に含まれる亜鉛及びケイ素は、上記ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛原料液に一緒に含まれていてもよく、ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛原料液と酸化物析出溶媒にそれぞれ含まれていてもよく、ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛原料液と酸化物析出溶媒の両者に含まれていてもよい。
ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛原料液、酸化物析出溶媒に用いる溶媒としては、例えば水や有機溶媒、又はそれらの複数からなる混合溶媒が挙げられる。上記水としては、水道水、イオン交換水、純水、超純水、RO水(逆浸透水)等が挙げられ、有機溶媒としては、アルコール化合物溶媒、アミド化合物溶媒、ケトン化合物溶媒、エーテル化合物溶媒、芳香族化合物溶媒、二硫化炭素、脂肪族化合物溶媒、ニトリル化合物溶媒、スルホキシド化合物溶媒、ハロゲン化合物溶媒、エステル化合物溶媒、イオン性液体、カルボン酸化合物、スルホン酸化合物等が挙げられる。上記の溶媒はそれぞれ単独で使用してもよく、又は複数を混合して使用してもよい。アルコール化合物溶媒としては、メタノールやエタノール等の1価アルコールや、エチレングリコールやプロピレングリコール等のポリオール等が挙げられる。
本発明においては、ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の作製に悪影響を及ぼさない範囲において、目的や必要に応じて各種の分散剤や界面活性剤を用いてもよい。特に限定されないが、分散剤や界面活性剤としては一般的に用いられる様々な市販品や、製品又は新規に合成したもの等を使用できる。一例として、陰イオン性界面活性剤、陽イオン性界面活性剤、非イオン性界面活性剤や、各種ポリマー等の分散剤等を挙げることができる。これらは単独で使用してもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。上記の界面活性剤及び分散剤は、ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛原料液、酸化物析出溶媒の少なくともいずれか1つの流体に含まれていてもよい。また、上記の界面活性剤及び分散剤は、ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛原料液、酸化物析出溶媒とも異なる、別の流体に含まれていてもよい。
本発明においては、まず、上述したとおり上記ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子に含まれる少なくとも亜鉛及びケイ素は、少なくとも粒子の内部に存在することが好ましく、析出等によってケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を製造するに際して、異なる複数の元素の酸化物を実質的に同時に析出させることによって、ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を作製することが好ましい。例えば、一例として、酸化亜鉛の原料として硝酸亜鉛六水和物とドープするためのケイ素の原料としてケイ素化合物の一つであるテトラエチルオルトシリケート(TEOS)とを酸性水溶液中に溶解したケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛原料液と、水酸化ナトリウムのようなアルカリ金属水酸化物(ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛析出物質)の水溶液である酸化物析出溶媒とを混合してケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を析出させる場合においては、pHが1から2付近又は1未満であるケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛原料液に、pHが14以上のような酸化物析出溶媒を混合してケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を析出させる必要がある。ケイ素を含む酸化物はpH7から12の範囲において析出し易く、酸化亜鉛は例えばエチレングリコールのようなアルコール溶媒においてはpHが9以上の範囲において析出し易いが、例えば酸性であるケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛液に塩基性である酸化物析出溶媒を徐々に滴下した場合には、上記ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛液と酸化物析出溶媒の混合液のpHも徐々に酸性から塩基性に変化することとなるために、例えばpH7付近となった時点でケイ素化合物の一例であるケイ素酸化物が析出し(析出し始め)、その後pHが9付近となった時点で酸化亜鉛が析出するような、酸化亜鉛粒子とケイ素酸化物粒子が段階的に析出することが考えられ、その場合にあっては粒子の内部に亜鉛とケイ素とを含むケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を作製することが困難となる。上記混合液を酸化亜鉛、ケイ素酸化物の何れもが析出するpHに瞬間的に調整することによって、見かけ上の析出を同時とできるために、少なくとも粒子の内部にケイ素及び亜鉛の両方を含むケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を作製するための前提条件を整えることが可能となる。
さらに、上記ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の表面の少なくとも一部にケイ素化合物を被覆する場合にあっては、上記ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子が本発明の特性を発揮できない程に凝集する前に被覆することが好ましい。上記ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を含む流体に、ケイ素化合物原料液を混合する際には、上記ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子が析出し、その後如何に凝集するよりも早い速度でケイ素化合物原料液を投入してケイ素化合物を上記ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の表面に析出させるかが重要である。さらに、上記ケイ素化合物原料液を上記ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を含む流体に投入することによって、上記ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を含む流体のpH及びケイ素化合物原料の濃度が徐々に変化することとなり、粒子が分散しやすい状況から凝集しやすい状況となった後に粒子の表面を被覆するためのケイ素化合物が析出すると、上記本発明の特性を発揮できない程に凝集する前に被覆することが困難となる。上記ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子が析出した直後に、ケイ素化合物原料液に含まれるケイ素化合物原料を作用させることが好ましい。
本発明に係るケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の製造方法の一例としては、例えば、マイクロリアクターを用いたり、バッチ容器内で希薄系での反応を行う等してケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を作製する等の方法が挙げられる。またケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を作製するために、本願出願人よって提案された特開2009-112892号公報にて記載されたような装置及び方法を用いてもよい。特開2009-112892号公報に記載の装置は、断面形状が円形である内周面を有する攪拌槽と、該攪拌槽の内周面と僅かな間隙を在して付設される攪拌具とを有し、攪拌槽には、少なくとも二箇所の流体入口と、少なくとも一箇所の流体出口とを備え、流体入口のうち一箇所からは、被処理流体のうち、反応物の一つを含む第一の被処理流体を攪拌槽内に導入し、流体入口のうちで上記以外の一箇所からは、前記反応物とは異なる反応物の一つを含む第二の被処理流体を、上記第一の被処理流体とは異なる流路より攪拌槽内に導入するものであり、攪拌槽と攪拌具の少なくとも一方が他方に対し高速回転することにより被処理流体を薄膜状態とし、この薄膜中で少なくとも上記第一の被処理流体と第二の被処理流体とに含まれる反応物同士を反応させるものであり、三つ以上の被処理流体を攪拌槽に導入するために、同公報の図4及び5に示すように導入管を三つ以上設けてもよいことが記載されている。また上記マイクロリアクターの一例としては、特許文献6、7に記載の流体処理装置と同様の原理の装置が挙げられる。その他、ビーズミル等の粉砕法を用いる等してケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を作製し、作製した後に反応容器内や上記マイクロリアクター等を用いてケイ素化合物を被覆する処理を行ってもよい。
本発明においては、上記M-OH結合の比率の制御の方法については、特に限定されないが、ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子に含まれる官能基の変更処理によって、上記M-OH結合の比率を制御することが好ましい。上記官能基の変更処理は、ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子に含まれる官能基に対して、置換反応や付加反応、脱離反応や脱水反応、縮合反応を用いた反応等を行う方法によって上記M-OH結合の比率を制御することが可能である。M-OH結合の比率を制御するにあたり、M-OH結合の比率を増やしてもよいし、減らしてもよい。なお、本発明においては、上記の制御により、M-OH結合のエステル化が達成されることが好ましい。エステル化は、例えば、カルボキシル基(-COOH)からOHが、ヒドロキシル基(-OH)からHが脱離する脱水・縮合反応により達成されるものである。その他にも、過酸化水素やオゾンをケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子に作用させる方法によって上記M-OH結合の比率を制御することもできる。また、ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を液中において析出させる際に、当該ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を析出させる際の処方や、pHを制御する等の方法によって上記M-OH結合の比率を制御することも可能である。また、脱水反応の一例として、ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を熱処理する方法によって上記M-OH結合の比率を制御することもできる。ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を熱処理する方法によってM-OH結合の比率を制御する場合には、乾式での熱処理によっても実施できるし、ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を分散媒に分散させた分散体の状態で熱処理することによっても実施できる。また、後述するように、ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を目的の溶媒に分散し、当該分散液に官能基を含む物質を加え攪拌等の処理を施してM-OH結合の比率の制御を実施してもよいし、析出させたケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を含む分散液中において攪拌等の処理を施してM-OH結合の比率の制御を実施してもよい。さらに、分散装置と濾過膜とを連続させた装置を構築し、粒子に対する分散処理とクロスフロー方式の膜濾過による処理によってケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を含むスラリーから不純物を除去する等の方法を行う際のスラリー温度やクロスフローに用いる洗浄液の温度の変更等によっても実施できる。この場合にあっては、当該ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の一次粒子、特にそれぞれの一次粒子の表面に対して均一な改質処理を行うことが出来るために、本発明におけるケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子に含まれるM-OH結合の比率の制御と特性との制御をより厳密かつ均質に行うことが可能となる利点がある。
本発明においては、上述したとおり上記ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子に含まれる酸素若しくは水素以外の単数又は異なる複数の元素(M)と水酸基(OH)との結合であるM-OH結合の比率を制御するものであり、具体的な方法としてM-OH結合の比率を制御する対象となる所定の一次粒子径を備えた未処理のケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛を用意するステップと、未処理のケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛に対してM-OH結合の比率を制御する処理を施すステップとに分けて実施することができる。ただし、未処理のケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を用意するステップにおいて、析出等によってケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を製造するに際して、上記M-OH結合の比率を所定の値に制御することを目的として粒子を製造してもかまわない。
本発明の透明材用組成物は、特に限定されるものではなく、必要に応じて、顔料、染料の他、湿潤剤、分散剤、色分れ防止剤、レベリング剤、粘度調整剤、皮張り防止剤、ゲル化防止剤、消泡剤増粘剤、タレ防止剤、防カビ剤、紫外線吸収剤、近赤外線反射剤、成膜助剤、界面活性剤、樹脂成分等の添加剤を、適宜、目的に応じてさらに含むことができる。ガラス同士の接着用の中間膜やフィルム状とすることを目的とする場合の樹脂成分としては、ポリエステル系樹脂、メラミン系樹脂、フェノール系樹脂、エポキシ系樹脂、塩化ビニル系樹脂、アクリル系樹脂、ウレタン系樹脂、シリコン系樹脂、フッ素系樹脂等を例示し得る。なお、本発明のガラス用組成物をガラス表面に塗布する場合には、複数のガラス用組成物から構成されてもよく、また、色材を含ませることもできるし、クリアー塗料等の塗料に含めて実施することもできる。上記フィルム状のガラス組成物を目的とする場合には、必要に応じてバインダー樹脂や硬化剤、硬化触媒やレベリング剤、界面活性剤やシランカップリング剤、消泡剤や顔料又は染料のような着色剤、酸化防止剤等を含有することが出来る。
本発明に係る透明材用組成物は、ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の粉末、液状の分散媒にケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を分散させた分散体、及び樹脂等の固体(又は固化する前の液体等)にケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を分散させた分散体等を含むものである。上記透明材用組成物に含まれるケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子は、1個のケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子から構成されていてもよく、複数個のケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子が凝集した凝集体から構成されていてもよく、両者の混合物であってもよい。複数個のケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子が凝集した凝集体から構成される場合、その凝集体の大きさが100nm以下であることが好ましい。また、上記透明材用組成物は、各種の色材とともに使用してもよいし、塗膜としてガラスにオーバーコートするための組成物であってもよい。さらに上記透明材用組成物が分散体の場合、分散媒としては、水道水、蒸留水、RO水(逆浸透水)、純水、超純水等の水、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロピルアルコール等のアルコール系溶媒;プロピレングリコール、エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコールやグリセリン等の多価アルコール系溶媒;酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチル等のエステル系溶媒;ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン等の芳香族系溶媒;アセトン、メチルエチルケトン等のケトン系溶媒;アセトニトリル等のニトリル系溶媒;シリコーンオイルや植物オイル、ワックス等が挙げられる。これらは単独で使用してもよいし、複数を混合して使用してもよい。
本発明に係る透明材用組成物に用いられるガラスの色としては特に限定されない。また、本発明のケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子は、可視域では無色透明に近いため、上記ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子をガラスや塗装体のトップコートとして塗布した場合、ガラスや塗装体本来の色に与える影響が少ないというメリットがある。本発明に係る透明材用組成物には、上記ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の他、種々の顔料や染料を含んでいてもよい。例えばカラーインデックスに登録される全ての顔料や染料を用いることができる。その中でも例えば、緑色を構成する顔料にあってはC.I.Pigment Greenに分類される顔料及び染料;青色を構成する顔料にあっては、C.I.Pigment Blueに分類される顔料及び染料;白色を構成する顔料にあってはC.I.Pigment Whiteに分類される顔料及び染料;黄色を構成する顔料にあってはC.I.Pigment Yellowに分類される顔料及び染料;赤色を構成する顔料や染料にあっては、カラーインデックスにおいてC.I.Pigment Redに分類される顔料及び染料;並びに紫色を構成する顔料や染料にあってはC.I.Pigment Violetや橙色を構成する顔料や専用にあっては、C.I.Pigment Orangeに分類される顔料及び染料等が挙げられる。より具体的にはC.I.Pigment Red 122やC.I.Pigment Violet 19のようなキナリドン系顔料やC.I.Pigment Red 254やC.I.Pigment Orange 73のようなジケトピロロピロール系顔料、C.I.Pigment Red 150やC.I.Pigment Red 170のようなナフトール系顔料やC.I.PigmentRed 123やC.I.Pigment Red179のようなペリレン系顔料やC.I.Pigment Red 144のようなアゾ系顔料等が挙げられる。これらの顔料並びに染料は、単独で用いてもよいし、複数を混合して使用してもよい。なお、本発明の透明材用組成物は、上記顔料及び染料等と混合せずに、単独でガラス用組成物やクリアー塗膜などの透明材組成物に配合することも可能である。本発明に係る透明材用組成物は上記ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を含むことによって、建物や乗り物、ディスプレイ等に用いられるガラス等の透明基材の紫外線吸収能を高め、建物や乗り物内の有機物等の分解を抑制でき、また近赤外線を効果的に反射することで遮蔽できるために建物や乗り物内の温度変化を抑制でき、尚かつ可視光線に対して高い透過特性を示すためにガラス等の透明感の向上にも寄与できる。また、本発明のケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子においては、上記ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子にさらにコバルトをドープさせることで水色から青色を呈し、さらに鉄をドープすることで黄色から赤色を呈するケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子とできるため、そのようにケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子そのものを着色させることも可能である
実施例で得られたケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子のウェットケーキサンプルの一部をプロピレングリコールに分散させ、更にイソプロピルアルコール(IPA)で100倍に希釈した。得られた希釈液をコロジオン膜又はマイクログリッドに滴下して乾燥させて、TEM観察用試料又はSTEM観察用試料とした。
TEM-EDS分析によるケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の観察及び定量分析には、エネルギー分散型X線分析装置、JED-2300(日本電子株式会社製)を備えた透過型電子顕微鏡、JEM-2100(日本電子株式会社製)を用いた。観察条件としては、加速電圧を80kV、観察倍率を2万5千倍以上とした。TEMによって観察されたケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の最大外周間の距離より粒子径を算出し、100個の粒子について粒子径を測定した結果の平均値(平均一次粒子径)を算出した。TEM-EDSによって、ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を構成する酸素又は水素以外の元素成分のモル比を算出し、10個以上の粒子についてモル比を算出した結果の平均値を算出した。
STEM-EDS分析による、ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子中に含まれる元素のマッピング及び定量には、エネルギー分散型X線分析装置、Centurio(日本電子株式会社製)を備えた、原子分解能分析電子顕微鏡、JEM-ARM200F(日本電子株式会社製)を用いた。観察条件としては、加速電圧を80kV、観察倍率を5万倍以上とし、直径0.2nmのビーム径を用いて分析した。
X線回折(XRD)測定には、粉末X線回折測定装置EMPYREAN(スペクトリス株式会社PANalytical事業部製)を使用した。測定条件は、測定範囲:10から100[°2Theta] Cu対陰極、管電圧45kV、管電流40mA、走査速度0.3°/minとした。各実施例で得られたケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の乾燥粉体を用いてXRD測定を行った。
FT-IR測定には、フーリエ変換赤外分光光度計、FT/IR-6600(日本分光株式会社製)を用いた。測定条件は、窒素雰囲気下におけるATR法を用いて、分解能4.0cm-1、積算回数1024回である。赤外吸収スペクトルにおける波数100cm-1から1250cm-1のピークの波形分離、及び波数800cm-1から1250cm-1のピークの波形分離は、上記FT/IR-6600の制御用ソフトに付属のスペクトル解析プログラムを用いて、残差二乗和が0.01以下となるようにカーブフィッティングした。実施例で得られたケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の乾燥粉体を用いて測定した。
透過スペクトル、吸収スペクトル、反射スペクトルは、紫外可視近赤外分光光度計(製品名:V-770、日本分光株式会社製)を使用した。透過スペクトルの測定範囲は200nmから800nmとし、吸収スペクトルの測定範囲は200nmから800nmとし、サンプリングレートを0.2nm、測定速度を低速として測定した。特定の波長領域について、複数の測定波長における透過率を単純平均し、平均透過率とした。モル吸光係数は、吸収スペクトルを測定後、測定結果から得られた吸光度と分散液のケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の濃度より、各測定波長におけるモル吸光係数を算出し、横軸に測定波長、縦軸にモル吸光係数を記載したグラフとした。測定には、厚み1cmの液体用セルを用いた。また、波長200nmから380nmの複数の測定波長におけるモル吸光係数を単純平均し、平均モル吸光係数を算出した。
実施例1として、ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の表面の少なくとも一部をケイ素化合物で被覆したケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子について記載する。高速回転式分散乳化装置であるクレアミックス(製品名:CLM-2.2S、エム・テクニック株式会社製)を用いて、ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛原料液(A液)、酸化物析出溶媒(B液)、及びケイ素化合物原料液(C液)を調製した。具体的には表1の実施例1に示すケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛原料液の処方に基づいて、ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛原料液の各成分を、クレアミックスを用いて、調製温度40℃、ローター回転数を20000rpmにて30分間攪拌することにより均質に混合し、ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛原料液を調製した。また、表1の実施例1に示す酸化物析出溶媒の処方に基づいて、酸化物析出溶媒の各成分を、クレアミックスを用いて、調製温度45℃、ローターの回転数15000rpmにて30分間攪拌することにより均質に混合し、酸化物析出溶媒を調製した。さらに、表1の実施例1に示すケイ素化合物原料液の処方に基づいて、ケイ素化合物原料液の各成分を、クレアミックスを用いて、調製温度20℃、ローターの回転数6000rpmにて10分間攪拌することにより均質に混合し、ケイ素化合物原料液を調製した。
なお、表1に記載の化学式や略記号で示された物質については、Zn(NO3)2・6H2Oは硝酸亜鉛六水和物(関東化学株式会社製)、EGはエチレングリコール(キシダ化学株式会社製)、60wt%HNO3は濃硝酸(キシダ化学株式会社製)、NaOHは水酸化ナトリム(関東化学株式会社製)、TEOSはテトラエチルオルトシリケート(和光純薬工業株式会社製)MeOHはメタノール(株式会社ゴードー製)を使用した。
実施例2として、ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子にコバルトをさらにドープしたケイ素コバルトドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の表面の少なくとも一部をケイ素化合物で被覆したケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素コバルトドープ酸化亜鉛粒子について記載する。表4及び表5に示した条件以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で、ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素コバルトドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を作製した。表4に記載の化学式や略記号で示された物質については、EGはエチレングリコール(キシダ化学株式会社製)、Zn(NO3)2・6H2Oは硝酸亜鉛六水和物(和光純薬工業株式会社製)、Co(NO3)2・6H2Oは硝酸コバルト六水和物(和光純薬工業株式会社製)、NaOHは水酸化ナトリウム(関東化学株式会社製)、60wt%HNO3は濃硝酸(キシダ化学株式会社製)、TEOSはテトラエチルオルトシリケート(和光純薬工業株式会社製)を使用した。実施例2についても実施例1と同様の評価を行った。結果を表7に示す。
実施例3として、ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子に鉄をさらにドープしたケイ素鉄ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の表面の少なくとも一部をケイ素化合物で被覆したケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素鉄ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子について記載する。表7及び表8に示した条件以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で、ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素鉄ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を作製した。表7に記載の化学式や略記号で示された物質については、EGはエチレングリコール(キシダ化学株式会社製)、Zn(NO3)2・6H2Oは硝酸亜鉛六水和物(和光純薬工業株式会社製)、Fe(NO3)2・9H2Oは硝酸鉄九水和物(和光純薬工業株式会社製)、NaOHは水酸化ナトリウム(関東化学株式会社製)、60wt%HNO3は濃硝酸(キシダ化学株式会社製)、TEOSはテトラエチルオルトシリケート(和光純薬工業株式会社製)を使用した。実施例3についても実施例1と同様の評価を行った。結果を表9に示す。
実施例4として、実施例1-1で得られたケイ素化合物で被覆したケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を熱処理した結果を示す。実施例1-1で得られたケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を、ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子に含まれる官能基の変更処理として、電気炉を用いて熱処理した。熱処理条件は、実施例4-1:200℃、実施例4-3:300℃、実施例4-4:400℃であり、熱処理時間は各熱処理温度において、30分間である。表10に各実施例の結果をM-OH結合の比率及びSi-OH結合の比率とともに示す。
実施例5として、特開2009-112892号公報に記載の装置並びにA液(ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛原料液)、B液(酸化物析出溶媒)及びC液(ケイ素化合物原料液)の混合・反応方法を用いた以外は、実施例1と同じ条件とすることでケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を作製した。ここで、特開2009-112892号公報の装置とは、同公報の図1に記載の装置を用い、撹拌槽の内径が80mm、攪拌具の外端と攪拌槽の内周側面と間隙が0.5mm、攪拌羽根の回転数は7200rpmとした。また、撹拌槽にA液を導入し、攪拌槽の内周側面に圧着されたA液からなる薄膜中にB液を加えて混合し反応させた。TEM観察の結果、一次粒子径が20nmから30nm程度のケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子が観察された。また比較例1と同様に、ケイ素をドープしていない同粒子径の酸化亜鉛粒子を作製した(比較例2)
Claims (13)
- 紫外線及び/又は近赤外線を遮蔽する目的に使用される透明材用紫外線及び/又は近赤外線遮蔽剤組成物であり、
上記紫外線及び/又は近赤外線遮蔽剤が、酸化亜鉛粒子に少なくともケイ素をドープさせたケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の表面の少なくとも一部がケイ素化合物で被覆されたケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を含むものであることを特徴とする透明材用紫外線及び/又は近赤外線遮蔽剤組成物。 - 上記透明材用紫外線及び/又は近赤外線遮蔽剤組成物が、ガラス用紫外線及び/又は近赤外線遮蔽剤組成物であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の透明材用紫外線及び/又は近赤外線遮蔽剤組成物。
- 上記透明材用紫外線及び/又は近赤外線遮蔽剤組成物が、クリアー塗膜用紫外線及び/又は近赤外線遮蔽剤組成物であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の透明材用紫外線及び/又は近赤外線遮蔽剤組成物。
- 上記ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子が、
上記ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の亜鉛(Zn)とケイ素(Si)とのモル比(Si/Zn)が増大するように制御されたケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子であって、上記ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を分散媒に分散させた分散液における、波長200nmから380nmの領域における平均モル吸光係数が増大するように制御されたケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子であることを特徴とする請求項1から3の何れかに記載の透明材用紫外線及び/又は近赤外線遮蔽剤組成物。 - 上記ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子が、
上記モル比(Si/Zn)が低下するように制御されたケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子であって、上記ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の波長780nmから2500nmの領域における平均反射率が増大するように制御されたケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子であることを特徴とする請求項1から3の何れかに記載の透明材用紫外線及び/又は近赤外線遮蔽剤組成物。 - 上記ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の亜鉛(Zn)とケイ素(Si)とのモル比(Si/Zn)が異なる少なくとも2種類のケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を含むことを特徴とする請求項1から5の何れかに記載の透明材用紫外線及び近赤外線遮蔽剤組成物。
- 上記ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子が、上記ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子に含まれる酸素又は水素以外の単数又は異なる複数の元素(M)と上記水酸基(OH)との結合であるM-OH結合の比率、又は上記ケイ素化合物に含まれるケイ素(Si)と上記水酸基(OH)との結合であるSi-OH結合の比率が低下するように制御されたケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子であり、
かつ波長780nmから2500nmの領域における平均反射率、又は上記ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を分散媒に分散させた分散液における、波長200nmから380nmの領域における平均モル吸光係数の少なくとも何れかが増大するように制御されたケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子であることを特徴とする請求項1から6の何れかに記載の透明材用紫外線及び/又は近赤外線遮蔽剤組成物。 - 上記M-OH結合の比率が、赤外吸収スペクトルにおける波数100cm-1から1250cm-1の上記ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛由来のピークを波形分離することで算出されるものであり、
上記ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子が、上記波形分離された各ピークの総面積に対する、波形分離されたM-OH結合に由来するピークの面積比率を制御されたケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子であることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の透明材用紫外線及び/又は近赤外線遮蔽剤組成物。 - 上記Si-OH結合の比率が、赤外吸収スペクトルにおける波数800cm-1から1250cm-1の上記ケイ素化合物由来のピークを波形分離することで算出されるものであり、
上記ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子が、上記波形分離された各ピークの総面積に対する、波形分離されたSi-OH結合に由来するピークの面積比率を制御されたケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子であることを特徴とする請求項7又は8に記載の透明材用紫外線及び/又は近赤外線遮蔽剤組成物。 - 上記ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子が、上記ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子に含まれる上記M-OH結合の比率又は上記Si-OH結合の比率を、上記ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を分散媒に分散させた分散体の状態で制御されたケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子であることを特徴とする請求項7から9の何れかに記載の透明材用紫外線及び/又は近赤外線遮蔽剤組成物。
- 上記分散体が塗膜、フィルム状又はガラスであり、上記分散体が熱処理されたものであり、上記ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子が、上記熱処理によって上記平均反射率又は上記平均モル吸光係数を制御されたケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子であることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の透明材用紫外線及び/又は近赤外線遮蔽剤組成物。
- 上記ケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子は、単一の酸化亜鉛粒子の表面、又は複数個のケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子が凝集した凝集体の表面の少なくとも一部をケイ素化合物で被覆されたケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子であり、
上記ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子、又はケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子の凝集体の粒子径が1nm以上100nm以下であるケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子であることを特徴とする請求項1から11の何れかに記載の透明材用紫外線及び/又は近赤外線遮蔽剤組成物。 - 上記ケイ素化合物が、非晶質のケイ素酸化物であるケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を含むことを特徴とする請求項1から12の何れかに記載の透明材用紫外線及び/又は近赤外線遮蔽剤組成物。
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20230081640A1 (en) * | 2020-02-17 | 2023-03-16 | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | Infrared shielding film and infrared shielding material |
| US12174406B2 (en) * | 2020-02-17 | 2024-12-24 | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | Infrared shielding film and infrared shielding material |
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