WO2017038286A1 - 有機化合物、その製造法、それを含有する有機半導体材料及びそれを含有する有機トランジスタ - Google Patents
有機化合物、その製造法、それを含有する有機半導体材料及びそれを含有する有機トランジスタ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017038286A1 WO2017038286A1 PCT/JP2016/071379 JP2016071379W WO2017038286A1 WO 2017038286 A1 WO2017038286 A1 WO 2017038286A1 JP 2016071379 W JP2016071379 W JP 2016071379W WO 2017038286 A1 WO2017038286 A1 WO 2017038286A1
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- DNCGBNFOSLTQQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc(cc1)cc2c1ccc(O)c2 Chemical compound Cc(cc1)cc2c1ccc(O)c2 DNCGBNFOSLTQQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 0 CC(Oc(c1c2cccc1)c(c(c([s]1)c(c3c4ccc(CCCC(*)=O)c3)OC(C)=O)c4OC(C)=O)c1c2OC(C)=O)=O Chemical compound CC(Oc(c1c2cccc1)c(c(c([s]1)c(c3c4ccc(CCCC(*)=O)c3)OC(C)=O)c4OC(C)=O)c1c2OC(C)=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- YNPZAZIAQABJQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN(C)C(Oc1cc2cc(Br)ccc2cc1)=S Chemical compound CN(C)C(Oc1cc2cc(Br)ccc2cc1)=S YNPZAZIAQABJQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTFSHRIXMZOSGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN(C)C(Sc(cc1)cc2c1ccc(Br)c2)=O Chemical compound CN(C)C(Sc(cc1)cc2c1ccc(Br)c2)=O QTFSHRIXMZOSGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RORFSDXXSZPDPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc(cc1)cc2c1ccc(Sc1cc(cccc3)c3cc1)c2 Chemical compound Cc(cc1)cc2c1ccc(Sc1cc(cccc3)c3cc1)c2 RORFSDXXSZPDPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ACXAMVZBGIWPPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1cc2cc(OC)ccc2cc1 Chemical compound Cc1cc2cc(OC)ccc2cc1 ACXAMVZBGIWPPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXBLGGOPYIAAME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sc(cc1)cc2c1ccc(Br)c2 Chemical compound Sc(cc1)cc2c1ccc(Br)c2 XXBLGGOPYIAAME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RFCQDOVPMUSZMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sc1cc2ccccc2cc1 Chemical compound Sc1cc2ccccc2cc1 RFCQDOVPMUSZMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKBQGRNOZKUJRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N c(cc1)cc2c1cc1[s]c3c(-c(cc4)cc5c4c4ccccc4c4ccccc54)c(cccc4)c4c(-c4cc5c(cccc6)c6c(cccc6)c6c5cc4)c3c1c2 Chemical compound c(cc1)cc2c1cc1[s]c3c(-c(cc4)cc5c4c4ccccc4c4ccccc54)c(cccc4)c4c(-c4cc5c(cccc6)c6c(cccc6)c6c5cc4)c3c1c2 JKBQGRNOZKUJRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XPADTWMTFNWLKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N c1ccc(cc(cc2)-c3c(ccc(-c4c(cccc5)c5cc5c4[s]c4cc(cccc6)c6cc54)c4)c4c(-c4cc5ccccc5cc4)c4c3cccc4)c2c1 Chemical compound c1ccc(cc(cc2)-c3c(ccc(-c4c(cccc5)c5cc5c4[s]c4cc(cccc6)c6cc54)c4)c4c(-c4cc5ccccc5cc4)c4c3cccc4)c2c1 XPADTWMTFNWLKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H10K85/6576—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only sulfur in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. benzothiophene
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- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a dinaphthothiophene derivative, a production method thereof, an organic semiconductor material containing the same, an organic semiconductor ink containing the same, and an organic transistor containing the organic semiconductor material.
- TFTs thin film transistors
- amorphous silicon or polycrystalline silicon as a material have been widely used as switching elements for liquid crystal display devices and organic EL display devices.
- a CVD apparatus used for manufacturing a transistor using these silicon materials is expensive, manufacturing a large transistor integrated circuit causes an increase in manufacturing cost.
- a silicon material is formed at a high temperature, it cannot be developed for a next-generation flexible display device that uses a plastic substrate due to heat resistance.
- an organic transistor using an organic semiconductor material for a channel (semiconductor layer) instead of a silicon semiconductor material has been proposed.
- Organic semiconductor materials can be printed and formed at low temperatures by converting them into inks, so they do not require large-scale manufacturing facilities, and can be applied to plastic substrates with poor heat resistance, and are expected to be applied to flexible electronics. Yes. Furthermore, these organic semiconductor materials initially had problems such as “semiconductor characteristics (mobility) are lower than silicon semiconductor materials, which slows the response speed of transistors and is difficult to put into practical use”. Materials that surpass the mobility of amorphous silicon have begun to be developed.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that a compound having a dinaphtho [2,3-b: 2 ′, 3′-f] thieno [3,2-b] thiophene skeleton is 4.0 cm 2 / Vs in a vacuum deposited film.
- Patent Documents 2 to 3 show that a dinaphtho [2,3-b: 2 ′, 3′-d] thiophene (hereinafter abbreviated as dinaphthothiophene) derivative is formed by an edge casting method.
- Non-patent document 1 shows that 2,7-dioctyl [1] benzothieno [3,2-b] [1] benzothiophene shows a high mobility of 11 cm 2 / Vs in the formed single crystal thin film.
- the single crystal film manufactured by the double ink jet method has a large variation in characteristics, it exhibits a high mobility of 30 cm 2 / Vs at the maximum.
- Patent Document 4 discloses that a phenyl-substituted naphthodichalcogen compound is 0. 7 cm 2 / Vs transfer
- Patent Documents 5 to 6 disclose that a compound exhibiting a high-order liquid crystal phase exhibits a mobility of 5.7 cm 2 / Vs in a thin film via the high-order liquid crystal phase. .
- an object of the present invention is a film that exhibits excellent mobility in a solvent and exhibits high mobility easily without passing through a complicated process (that is, simply dropping ink droplets and drying them). It is to provide an organic semiconductor ink that can easily produce an organic transistor having a practical configuration.
- the present inventor has intensively studied, and dinaphthothiophene having a specific substituent position structure has suitability as an organic semiconductor ink because of its excellent solvent solubility, and is complicated. Even if it is a simple and practical wet film formation method (that is, a method of simply “dropping ink droplets and drying itself”) without processing, an organic semiconductor film having high mobility can be provided. As a result, the present invention has been completed.
- R 1 to R 12 represent a hydrogen atom or an arbitrary substituent.
- R 1 to R 12 are each a hydrogen atom, an acyclic or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms (wherein —CH 2 — in the alkyl group is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom and a nitrogen atom directly In order not to bond, —O—, —R′C ⁇ CR′—, —CO—, —OCO—, —COO—, —S—, —SO 2 —, —SO—, —NH—, —NR ′ -Or -C ⁇ C- may be substituted, and a hydrogen atom in the alkyl group may be substituted by an aromatic group, a halogeno group, or a nitrile group (provided that R 'has 1 to 20 represents an acyclic or cyclic alkyl group.)), Halogeno group, aromatic group (the aromatic group is an acyclic or cyclic alky
- R 1 to R 12 R 1 and R 12 are the same or different, R 2 and R 11 are the same or different, R 3 and R 10 are the same or different, and R 4 and R 9 is the same or different from each other, R 5 and R 8 are the same or different from each other, and R 6 and R 7 are the same or different from each other, but R 1 and R 12 , R 2 and R 11 , R 3 and R 10 , R 4 and R 9 , R 5 and R 8 , R 6 and R 7 , at least one combination is different from each other. Or 2.
- R 21 to R 32 are a hydrogen atom or an arbitrary substituent, and R 21 and R 32 are the same or different from each other; R 22 and R 31 are the same or different from each other; 23 and R 30 are the same or different from each other, R 24 and R 29 are the same or different from each other, R 25 and R 28 are the same or different from each other, and R 26 and R 27 are the same or different from each other R 21 and R 32 , R 22 and R 31 , R 23 and R 30 , R 24 and R 29 , R 25 and R 28 , R 26 and R 27 , at least one combination Are different from each other.
- Alk1 and Alk2 represent linear alkyl groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
- R 21 to R 32 are a hydrogen atom, an acyclic or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms (wherein —CH 2 — in the alkyl group is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom and a nitrogen atom directly In order not to bond, —O—, —R′C ⁇ CR′—, —CO—, —OCO—, —COO—, —S—, —SO 2 —, —SO—, —NH—, —NR ′ -Or -C ⁇ C- may be substituted, and a hydrogen atom in the alkyl group may be substituted by an aromatic group, a halogeno group, or a nitrile group (provided that R 'has 1 to 20 represents an acyclic or cyclic alkyl group.)), Halogeno group, aromatic group (the aromatic group is an acyclic or cyclic alkyl group.)), Halogeno group, aromatic group (the aromatic group is an acycl
- -O-, -CR '' CR ''-, -CO-, -OCO-, -COO-, -S-, -SO 2- , so that the child, sulfur atom and nitrogen atom are not directly bonded to each other. It may be substituted with —SO—, —NH—, —NR ′′ — or —C ⁇ C—, and the hydrogen atom in the alkyl group may be substituted with an aromatic group, a halogeno group, or a nitrile group (Wherein R ′′ represents an acyclic or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms)), a nitro group, or a nitrile group.
- R 21 to R 32 are a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom (fluoro group), an acyclic or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, Ph—C ⁇ C * (Ph may be substituted) 3. a phenyl group, * represents a bonding position), or Th-C ⁇ C * (Th represents an optionally substituted thienyl group, * represents a bonding position); Or 5.
- R 21 to R 32 are a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom (fluoro group), an acyclic or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, Ph—C ⁇ C * (Ph may be substituted) 3. a phenyl group, * represents a bonding position), or Th-C ⁇ C * (Th represents an optionally substituted thienyl group, * represents a bonding position); Or 5.
- R 21 and R 32 , R 22 and R 31 , R 23 and R 30 , R 24 and R 29 , R 25 and R 28 , R 26 and R 27 are hydrogen atoms at the same either, R 23 and R 30 are the same or different from each other, and R 24 R 29 is the same as or different from each other, but at least one of the two combinations of R 23 and R 30 , R 24 and R 29 is different from each other; ⁇ 6.
- ⁇ 8 An organic semiconductor material containing the dinaphthothiophene derivative according to any one of 10.9.
- An organic semiconductor ink containing the organic semiconductor material according to claim 1, 11.9.
- An organic semiconductor element comprising the organic semiconductor material according to claim 1, 13.9.
- high mobility can be achieved by a simple and practical wet film forming method (that is, a method of simply “dropping ink droplets and drying them”) with excellent solubility in a solvent.
- a dinaphthothiophene compound having a specific substituent position structure that gives an organic semiconductor film a method for producing the dinaphthothiophene compound, an organic semiconductor material containing the compound, an organic semiconductor ink containing the compound, and the compound An organic transistor can be provided.
- BC type bottom gate bottom contact type
- TC type bottom gate top contact type
- R 1 to R 12 represent a hydrogen atom or an arbitrary substituent.
- the substituents R 1 to R 12 of the compounds represented by the general formulas (A), (B), (C), and (D) related to the production method of the present invention may be the same or different, and are aromatic.
- any known and commonly used substituent can be used as a substituent of the compound.
- a hydrogen atom (including light hydrogen, deuterium and tritium), An acyclic or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms (in order to prevent —CH 2 — in the alkyl group from being directly bonded to an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom and a nitrogen atom, respectively)
- 'C CR' -, - CO -, - OCO -, - COO -, - S -, - SO 2 -, - SO -, - NH -, - NR'- or -C ⁇ C- substituted with
- a hydrogen atom in the alkyl group may be substituted with an aromatic group, a halogeno group, or a nitrile group (provided that R ′ represents an acyclic or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- a halogeno group, an aromatic group (the aromatic group may be substituted with an acyclic or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a halogeno group, an aromatic group, or a nitrile group; —O—, —CR ′′ ⁇ CR ′′ —, —CO—, —OCO—, —COO— so that —CH 2 — in the group is not directly bonded to an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom and a nitrogen atom, respectively.
- the hydrogen atom in the alkyl group is an aromatic group, a halogeno group Or may be substituted by a nitrile group (where R ′′ represents an acyclic or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms)), although a nitro group or a nitrile group can be mentioned, it is not limited to these.
- R ′′ represents an acyclic or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- a nitro group or a nitrile group can be mentioned, it is not limited to these.
- Specific examples of the alkyl group, halogeno group, and aromatic group include the same substituents as those of the compound of the present invention (dinaphthothiophene derivative) described later.
- R 1 and R 12 are the same or different, R 2 and R 11 are the same or different, R 3 and R 10 are the same or different, R 4 and R 9 are the same or different, R 5 and R 8 are the same or different, R 6 and R 7 are the same or different, R 1 and R 12 , R 2 and R 11 , R 3 and R 10 , R 4 and This is preferable when at least one of the six combinations of R 9 , R 5 and R 8 , R 6 and R 7 is different from each other.
- the method for producing the dinaphthothiophene derivative of the present invention comprises: (I) a first step of producing a sulfide derivative represented by the general formula (C) by dehydrating and condensing a naphthol derivative represented by the general formula (A) and a naphthalenethiol derivative represented by the general formula (B) in the presence of an acid; (II) a second step of producing the dinaphthothiophene derivative (D) from the sulfide derivative (C) by a dehydrogenation reaction in the presence of a transition metal salt or a transition metal complex; It is characterized by comprising.
- Patent Document 2 A known and commonly used method for producing dinaphthothiophene derivatives (Patent Document 2) is limited in terms of the substituent species that can be introduced due to the use of extreme conditions such as reaction at 300 ° C. and requires a multi-step synthesis. The rate is also low. Further, in this method, due to the nature of the method, R 1 and R 12 are the same, R 2 and R 11 are the same, R 3 and R 10 are the same, and R 4 and R 9 are the same in the positional structure of the substituent. , Only derivatives where R 5 and R 8 are the same and R 6 and R 7 are the same can be produced.
- R 1 and R 12 are the same or different
- R 2 and R 11 are the same or different
- R 3 and R 10 are the same or different
- R 4 and R 9 are the same or different
- R 5 And R 8 are the same or different
- R 6 and R 7 are the same or different
- such a derivative has suitability as an organic semiconductor ink because of its excellent solvent solubility, and furthermore, because its cohesiveness is controlled, a simple and practical wet film formation method (That is, an organic semiconductor film having high semiconductor characteristics (mobility) can be provided by only “a method of dropping ink droplets and drying the ink itself”.
- the naphthol derivative (A) and the naphthalenethiol derivative (B) are dehydrated and condensed in the presence of an acid to obtain a sulfide derivative (C).
- naphthol derivatives (A) are commercially available and are easily available. It can also be synthesized according to a method described in JP-A-61-115039 or the like, in which naphthalene is sulfonated and then naphthalenesulfonic acid is melted with an alkali hydroxide. Many of the naphthalenethiol derivatives (B) are commercially available and are easily available. Also, as described in European Journal of Organic Chemistry 833-845 (2010), naphthol is condensed with dimethylthiocarbamoyl chloride to form O-thiocarbamate, and then rearranged to S-thiocarbamate. It is also possible to synthesize according to the hydrolysis method.
- the molar amount of the naphthalenethiol derivative (B) used relative to the naphthol derivative (A) is usually 0.1 to 10, preferably 0.2 to 5, and more preferably 0.4 to 2.5.
- the acid used in the reaction is not particularly limited as long as it shows acidity, but mineral acid, sulfonic acid, metal (or metalloid) salt, metal (or metalloid) complex, Examples include solid acids.
- Specific mineral acids include: Examples thereof include heteropolyacids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, perchloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, boric acid, polyphosphoric acid, fluorosulfuric acid, chlorosulfuric acid, and phosphotungstic acid.
- heteropolyacids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, perchloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, boric acid, polyphosphoric acid, fluorosulfuric acid, chlorosulfuric acid, and phosphotungstic acid.
- hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, fluorosulfuric acid, and chlorosulfuric acid are preferable, and sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, and fluorosulfuric acid are more preferable for improving the reactivity.
- Alkylsulfonic acids such as methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, propanesulfonic acid, butanesulfonic acid, pentanesulfonic acid, hexanesulfonic acid, heptanesulfonic acid, octanesulfonic acid, nonanesulfonic acid, decanesulfonic acid; Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, perfluoroethanesulfonic acid, perfluoropropanesulfonic acid, perfluorobutanesulfonic acid, perfluoropentanesulfonic acid, perfluorohexanesulfonic acid, perfluoroheptanesulfonic acid, perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, perfluorononanesulfonic acid, perfluorodecanesulfonic acid, etc.
- Fluorinated alkyl sulfonic acids of Arylsulfonic acid optionally substituted by alkyl such as benzenesulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid, pyridinesulfonic acid, thiophenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, p-styrenesulfonic acid, xylenesulfonic acid; Etc.
- Metal (or metalloid) salts and metal (or metalloid) complexes are: Be, B, Al, Si, P, S, Ti, V, Fe, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Zr, Nb, Mo, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Te, Yb, Hf, Ta, Elements such as W, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, U, or oxygen-element conjugates such as PO, SeO, VO;
- Mineral acids such as hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, hydrobromic acid, hydrogen iodide, perchloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, fluorosulfuric acid, chlorosulfuric acid, tetrafluoroboric acid, hexafluorophosphoric acid, alkylsulfonic acids Acidic compounds such as alkyl sulfonic acid, aryl sulfonic acid which may be halogenated, aryl sulfonic acid which may have an al
- Aluminum such as aluminum fluoride, aluminum chloride, aluminum bromide, aluminum perchlorate, aluminum nitrate, aluminum sulfate, aluminum methanesulfonate, aluminum trifluoromethanesulfonate, aluminum p-toluenesulfonate, aluminum acetate, aluminum trifluoroacetate
- a scandium (III) salt or complex such as scandium (III) sulfonate, scandium (III) p-toluenesulfonate
- aluminum trifluoromethanesulfonate, iron (III) trifluoromethanesulfonate, indium (III) trifluoromethanesulfonate, and bismuth (III) trifluoromethanesulfonate are particularly preferable.
- Oxides such as silica and ⁇ -alumina; Amorphous or crystalline composite metal oxides such as silica alumina, silica titania, zeolite, alumina titania, titania zinc oxide, silica zinc oxide, titania zirconia, silica molybdenum; An immobilized acid obtained by adsorbing and immobilizing a liquid acid such as a liquid phosphoric acid catalyst on an inorganic carrier; Etc.
- Silica alumina, silica titania and zeolite are preferred.
- the size, shape and the like of these solid acid catalysts are not particularly limited, but usually a powdered particle is used, and the particle size is preferably 10 ⁇ m to 10 mm. In particular, in order to increase reaction efficiency, a porous material having a large substantial surface area (reaction liquid contact area) is preferable.
- These acid catalysts can be used alone or in combination of two or more, and the amount used is 0.001 to 10 equivalents, preferably 0.005 to 5 equivalents, more preferably 0.01 to 5 equivalents, relative to the naphthol derivative (A). 2.5 equivalents.
- the reaction temperature is not particularly limited as long as the sulfide derivative (C) can be obtained, and is 0 to 250 ° C., preferably 25 to 200 ° C., more preferably 40 to 150 ° C.
- the reaction time is not particularly limited as long as the sulfide derivative (C) can be obtained.
- the reaction time is 10 minutes to 72 hours, preferably 30 minutes to 48 hours, and more preferably 1 to 24 hours.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it is inert to the reaction.
- an ether solvent such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, dimethoxyethane, dibutyl ether; Ester solvents such as ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, amyl acetate; aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as n-hexane, heptane, octane, cyclohexane, cyclopentane; Halogen solvents such as dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane; Aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene, benzene, xylene; Amide solvents such as N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrodinone; Sulfur-containing solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide
- water generated with the progress of the reaction may not be removed, but may be continuously removed out of the system using a Dean Stark apparatus or a distillation column.
- a dehydrating agent such as sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, or zeolite may be added and removed.
- the reaction atmosphere can be carried out in air, but is preferably carried out in a nitrogen or argon atmosphere.
- the sulfide derivative (C) obtained in the first step may be appropriately purified. Although it does not specifically limit as a purification method, For example, column chromatography, recrystallization, sublimation purification, etc. are mentioned.
- the sulfide derivative (C) is converted into a dinaphthothiophene derivative (D) as a target compound by a dehydrogenation reaction in the presence of a transition metal salt or a transition metal complex.
- the transition metal used in the reaction is a metal from Sc to Zn as the first transition element, Y to Cd as the second transition element, and La to Hg as the third transition element.
- transition metal Iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, molybdenum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, platinum, gold are preferred, In order to improve the reactivity, More preferably, nickel, molybdenum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, iridium, platinum, gold, In order to further improve the reactivity, ruthenium, palladium, and platinum are particularly preferable.
- transition metal salt or transition metal complex the transition metal, Water, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, hydrobromic acid, hydrogen iodide, perchloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, fluorosulfuric acid, chlorosulfuric acid, tetrafluoroboric acid, hexafluorophosphoric acid, phosphotungstic acid, etc.
- Heteropoly acids alkyl sulfonic acids, optionally halogenated alkyl sulfonic acids, aryl sulfonic acids, aryl sulfonic acids optionally having an alkyl side chain, phosphonic acids, carboxylic acids, optionally halogenated carboxylic acids
- Acidic compounds such as acids; Ligands such as alkene, alkyne, amine, phosphine, arsine, N-heterocyclic carbene, dibenzylideneacetone, acetylacetone, carbon monoxide, nitrile, salen; And salts or complexes thereof.
- transition metal salts or transition metal complexes are as follows: Tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (0), tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium (0), bis (dibenzylideneacetone) palladium (0), bis [1,2-bis (diphenylphosphino) ethane] palladium ( 0), bis (tri-t-butylphosphine) palladium (0), bis (tricyclohexylphosphine) palladium (0), bis [di-tert-butyl (4-dimethylaminophenyl) phosphine] palladium (0), water Palladium (II) oxide, palladium (II) nitrate, dichlorobenzyl bis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (II), dichlorobis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (II),
- the transition metal salt or the transition metal complex can be used alone or in combination of two or more thereof, and the amount used is not particularly limited as long as dinaphthothiophene (D) can be obtained.
- Sulfide (C) 0.001 to 10 equivalents, preferably 0.005 to 5 equivalents, more preferably 0.01 to 2.5 equivalents.
- a ligand may be used in combination to promote the dehydrogenation reaction.
- the ligand include monodentate phosphine coordination such as trimethylphosphine, triethylphosphine, tri-n-butyl) phosphine, tri-tert-butylphosphine, tricyclohexylphosphine, triphenylphosphine, and tri (o-tolyl) phosphine.
- the ligands can be used alone or in combination of two or more, and the amount used is not particularly limited as long as dinaphthothiophene (D) can be obtained.
- the transition metal salt or transition metal 1 to 20 equivalents, preferably 1 to 10 equivalents, and more preferably 1 to 5 equivalents with respect to the complex.
- an oxidizing agent may be used in combination.
- the oxidizing agent include peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, aqueous hydrogen peroxide, urea / hydrogen peroxide, oxone, sodium percarbonate, sodium perborate, potassium perborate, dipotassium peroxodisulfate, and tetrabutyl persulfate.
- Peroxides such as ammonium, 3-chloroperbenzoic acid, dimethyldioxirane, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, benzoyl peroxide;
- Highly oxidized halides such as sodium hypochlorite, sodium chlorite, potassium bromate, sodium periodate, tert-butyl hypochlorite; Oxidizing gases such as oxygen, ozone, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, nitric oxide, dinitrogen monoxide; Chromium trioxide, manganese dioxide, manganese acetate (III), potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate, divanadium pentoxide (V), triisopropoxyvanadium (V) oxide, cerium (IV) ammonium nitrate, lead acetate ( IV), highly oxidized metal compounds such as osmium oxide (VIII); Silver fluoride, silver chloride, silver bromide, silver iodide, silver oxide, silver carbonate, silver cyanide, silver sulfate, silver nitrate, silver acetate, silver trifluoroacetate, silver pivalate, silver lactate, silver cyclohexanebutyrate, methan
- peracetic acid hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen peroxide solution, urea / hydrogen peroxide, dipotassium peroxodisulfate, Oxone, tetrabutylammonium persulfate, chromium trioxide, manganese dioxide, manganese (III) acetate, cerium nitrate (IV) Ammonium, 3-chloroperbenzoic acid, oxygen, silver fluoride, silver chloride, silver bromide, silver iodide, silver oxide, silver carbonate, silver cyanide, silver sulfate, silver nitrate, silver acetate, trifluoroacetic acid Silver, silver pivalate, silver lactate, silver cyclohexanebutyrate, silver methanesulfone, silver trifluoromethanesulfonate, silver tetrafluoroborate, copper fluoride (II), copper chloride (II), copper bromide (II), iodide Copper (II
- oxygen particularly preferred are oxygen, silver acetate, silver trifluoroacetate, silver pivalate, silver lactate, silver methanesulfone, and silver trifluoromethanesulfonate.
- the oxidizing agents can be used alone or in combination of two or more, and the amount used is not particularly limited as long as dinaphthothiophene (D) can be obtained, and is 1 to 100 equivalents relative to sulfide (C), The amount is preferably 1 to 20 equivalents, more preferably 1 to 10 equivalents.
- a carboxylic acid may be used in combination.
- carboxylic acids include formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, enanthic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, pivalic acid
- Saturated aliphatic carboxylic acids such as 2,2-dimethylbutyric acid, 1-methyl-1-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, 2-phenylisobutyric acid;
- Unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid;
- Halogenated saturated aliphatic carboxylic acids such as fluoroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, chloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid; Aromatic carboxylic acids such as benzoic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, salicylic acid, gallic acid, melittic acid, cinnamic acid; Oxalic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, muconic acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid, terephthalic acid, 2,5-pyrazinedicarboxylic acid, naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid Acid, biphenyl-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid, azobenzenedicarboxylic acid, benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid, benzene-1,3,5-tribenzoic
- formic acid acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, enanthic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, pivalic acid, 2, 2-dimethylbutyric acid, 1-methyl-1-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, 2-phenylisobutyric acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, fluoroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, chloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloro Acetic acid, benzoic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, salicylic acid, gallic acid, melittic acid, cinnamic acid,
- the carboxylic acids can be used alone or in combination of two or more, and the amount used thereof is not particularly limited as long as dinaphthothiophene (D) can be obtained, and is 1 to 1000 with respect to the transition metal salt or complex. Equivalents, preferably 1 to 500 equivalents, more preferably 1 to 100 equivalents.
- a base may be used in combination.
- the base include carbonates such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate; Phosphates such as sodium phosphate, disodium phosphate, trisodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, calcium phosphate, diammonium phosphate; Hydroxides such as lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, fluorides such as potassium fluoride, cesium fluoride, tetrabutylammonium fluoride; Alkoxides such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium tert-butoxide; Trimethylamine, triethylamine, tributylamine, diisopropylethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, N-methylpyrrolidine, N-methylpiperidine, 1,8-diaza-bicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene, 1,4-diaza -Tertiary
- the bases can be used alone or in combination of two or more, and the amount used is not particularly limited as long as dinaphthothiophene (D) can be obtained, and is preferably 1 to 100 equivalents relative to sulfide (C), preferably Is 1 to 20 equivalents, more preferably 1 to 10 equivalents.
- the reaction temperature is not particularly limited as long as the dinaphthothiophene derivative (D) can be obtained, and is 0 to 250 ° C., preferably 10 to 200 ° C., more preferably 25 to 160 ° C.
- the reaction time is not particularly limited as long as the dinaphthothiophene derivative (D) can be obtained, and is 10 minutes to 72 hours, preferably 30 minutes to 48 hours, more preferably 1 to 24 hours.
- a solvent may not be used.
- a solvent such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, dimethoxyethane, dibutyl ether; Ester solvents such as ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, amyl acetate; aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as n-hexane, heptane, octane, cyclohexane, cyclopentane; Halogenated solvents such as dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane; Aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene, benzene, xylene; Amide solvents such as N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrodinone; Sul
- the reaction atmosphere is not particularly limited, such as air, oxygen, nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide, etc., but when oxygen is used as the oxidizing agent, it can be performed in air or oxygen.
- the dinaphthothiophene derivative (D) obtained in the second step may be appropriately purified. Although it does not specifically limit as a purification method, For example, the method by column chromatography, recrystallization, and sublimation purification is mentioned.
- the dinaphthothiophene derivative of the present invention is a compound represented by the general formula (E).
- compound (Ea), compound (Eb), compound (Ec), compound (Ed), compound (EE), compound (Ef), compound (Eg) Compound (Eh), Compound (Ei), Compound (Ej), Compound (Ek), and Compound (EL) are excluded.
- R 21 to R 32 are a hydrogen atom or an arbitrary substituent, R 21 and R 32 are the same or different, R 22 and R 31 are the same or different, and R 23 and R 30 are the same) Or, R 24 and R 29 are the same or different, R 25 and R 28 are the same or different, R 26 and R 27 are the same or different, R 21 and R 32 , R 22 and R 31 , R 23 and R 30 , R 24 and R 29 , R 25 and R 28 , R 26 and R 27 , at least one combination is different from each other.)
- Alk1 and Alk2 represent linear alkyl groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
- the feature of the compound of the present invention is that at least one of the six combinations related to the substituent is different.
- the six sets of combinations if the same for each (i.e., the same R 21 and R 32 is, R 22 and R 31 are identical, R 23 and R 30 are identical, R 24 and R 29 are identical, R 25 And R 28 are the same, and R 26 and R 27 are the same), the symmetry of the molecule is C 2v , the symmetry is increased, and the crystallinity is increased.
- the agglomeration ability is excessively increased, and the film quality of the polycrystalline film produced by solution (ink) dripping (drop casting) and drying thereof is lowered (generally, large crystal grains are precipitated and the film is less homogeneous), Semiconductor characteristics deteriorate.
- the compound of the present invention since the compound of the present invention has low symmetry, the cohesive ability is moderately controlled, and the film quality of the polycrystalline film produced by solution (ink) dripping (drop casting) and drying thereof is high. Is expensive.
- the positional structure of the substituent includes R 21 and R 32 , R 22 and R 31 , R 23 and R 30 , R 24 and R 29 , R 25 and R 28 , R 26 and R 27 , Of these 6 combinations, at least one combination is preferably different from each other, and the other combinations are preferably the same and hydrogen atoms.
- R 21 and R 32 , R 22 and R 31 , R 25 and R 28 , R 26 and R 27 are all the same and are hydrogen atoms
- R 23 and R 30 are the same or different
- R 24 and R 29 are the same or different, but it is particularly preferable that at least one of the two combinations of R 23 and R 30 and R 24 and R 29 is different from each other.
- any known and commonly used substituents for aromatic compounds can be used without limitation.
- An acyclic or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms in order to prevent —CH 2 — in the alkyl group from being directly bonded to an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom and a nitrogen atom, respectively)
- 'C CR' -, - CO -, - OCO -, - COO -, - S -, - SO 2 -, - SO -, - NH -, - NR'- or -C ⁇ C- substituted with
- a hydrogen atom in the alkyl group may be substituted with an aromatic group, a halogeno group, or a nitrile group (provided that R ′ represents an acyclic or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to
- a halogeno group, an aromatic group (the aromatic group is substituted with an acyclic or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a halogeno group, an aromatic group, or a nitrile group.
- the alkyl group —CH 2 — is not bonded directly to an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or a nitrogen atom.
- an acyclic or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms (in which —CH 2 — in the alkyl group is not directly bonded to an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or a nitrogen atom).
- the hydrogen atom in the alkyl group may be substituted with an aromatic group, a halogeno group, or a nitrile group (provided that R ′ is an acyclic or cyclic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms) (A-1) a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, (A-2) an alicyclic alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, (A-3) ) An alkoxy group having 1 to 19 carbon atoms, (A-4) an alkoxyalkyl group having 2 to 19 carbon atoms, and (A-5) a carbon atom.
- An alkanoyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms (A-6) an alkanoyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, (A-7) an alkanoylalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, and (A-8) having 2 to 20 carbon atoms.
- An alkoxycarbonyl group (A-9) an alkanoyloxy group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, (A-10) an alkylsulfanyl group having 1 to 19 carbon atoms, and (A-11) an alkylsulfanyl group having 2 to 19 carbon atoms.
- An alkyl group (A-12) an alkylsulfonyl group having 1 to 19 carbon atoms, (A-13) an alkylsulfonylalkyl group having 2 to 19 carbon atoms, and (A-14) an alkylsulfinyl group having 1 to 19 carbon atoms.
- An alkylaminoalkyl group (A-18) an alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, (A-19) an alkynyl group substituted with an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, or a substituent. And an alkynyl group substituted with a heteroaromatic group.
- (A-1) a straight chain or branched chain having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- An alkyl group an alicyclic alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms
- (A-3) an alkoxy group having 1 to 19 carbon atoms
- (A-4) an alkoxyalkyl group having 2 to 19 carbon atoms.
- A-5) an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms
- A-10) an alkylsulfanyl group having 1 to 19 carbon atoms
- A-11 an alkylsulfanylalkyl group having 2 to 19 carbon atoms
- A-18 an alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms
- A-19 an alkynyl group substituted with an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent or a heteroaromatic group which may have a substituent
- An alkynyl group substituted with an aromatic group is preferred, and further increased mobility (A-1) a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, (A-4) an alkoxyalkyl group having 2 to 19 carbon atoms, or (A-19) a substituent.
- An alkynyl group substituted with an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have an alkynyl group or a alkynyl group substituted with a heteroaromatic group which may have a substitu
- (A-1) examples include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, n-butyl group, n-pentyl group, n-hexyl group, n-heptyl group, n-octyl group, n-nonyl.
- n-decyl group n-undecyl group, n-dodecyl group, n-tridecyl group, n-tetradecyl group, n-pentadecyl group, n-hexadecyl group, n-heptadecyl group, n-octadecyl group, n-eicosyl group
- Linear alkyl groups such as groups; Isopropyl group, isobutyl group, isopentyl group, neopentyl group, 1-methylpentyl group, 4-methyl-2-pentyl group, 3,3-dimethylbutyl group, 2-ethylbutyl group, 1-methylhexyl group, cyclohexylmethyl group, tert-octyl group, 1-methylheptyl group, 2-ethylhexyl group, 3-ethylheptyl group, 2-propylpent
- (A-4) include 2-methoxyethyl group, 2-ethoxyethyl group, 2-n-propoxyethyl group, 2-isopropoxyethyl group, 2-n-butoxyethyl group, 2-n- Hexyloxyethyl group, 2- (2′-ethylbutyloxy) ethyl group, 2-n-heptyloxyethyl group, 2-n-octyloxyethyl group, 2- (2′-ethylhexyloxy) ethyl group, 2- n-decyloxyethyl group, 2-n-dodecyloxyethyl group, 2-n-tetradecyloxyethyl group, 2-cyclohexyloxyethyl group, 2-methoxypropyl group, 3-methoxypropyl group, 3-ethoxypropyl group 3-n-propoxypropyl group, 3-isopropoxypropyl group, 3-n-n-
- (A-19) include an ethynyl group substituted with an optionally substituted phenyl group represented by the general formula (A-19-1), or a general formula (A-19-
- the ethynyl group substituted by the thienyl group which may have a substituent represented by 2) can be mentioned.
- Specific examples of the substituent include linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the halogeno group is a fluoro group (fluorine atom), a chloro group (chlorine atom), a bromo group (bromine atom), or an iodo group (iodine atom).
- halogeno groups a fluoro group and a chloro group are preferable from the viewpoint of improving the film formability and mobility of the compound of the present invention, and a fluoro group is particularly preferable in order to obtain a compound with higher mobility. .
- the aromatic group (the aromatic group may be substituted with an acyclic or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a halogeno group, an aromatic group, or a nitrile group,
- the —CH 2 — in the alkyl group is —O—, —CR ′′ ⁇ CR ′′ —, —CO—, —OCO—, —, so that the oxygen atom, sulfur atom and nitrogen atom are not directly bonded to each other.
- COO—, —S—, —SO 2 —, —SO—, —NH—, —NR ′′ — or —C ⁇ C— may be substituted, and the hydrogen atom in the alkyl group is an aromatic group, (B-1) unsubstituted, optionally substituted by a halogeno group or a nitrile group (where R ′′ represents an acyclic or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms)) Aromatic hydrocarbon group or heteroaromatic group, (B-2) halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon group or heteroaromatic group, (B-3) aromatic An aromatic hydrocarbon group or a heteroaromatic group in which a hydrogenated group or a heteroaromatic group is linked by a single bond, (B-4) a nitrified aromatic hydrocarbon group or a heteroaromatic group, (B-5) a carbon atom A linear or branched alkyl group-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon group or heteroaromatic group having 1
- Aromatic hydrocarbon group or heteroaromatic group (B-17) C2-C19 alkylsulfonylalkyl group-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon group or heteroaromatic group, (B-18) carbon atom An alkylsulfinyl group-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon group or heteroaromatic group having 1 to 19 carbon atoms, (B-19) an alkylsulfinylalkyl group-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon group or heteroaromatic group having 2 to 19 carbon atoms, (B-20) an alkylamino group-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon group or heteroaromatic group having 1 to 19 carbon atoms, (B-21) an alkylaminoalkyl group-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon having 2 to 19 carbon atoms Group or heteroaromatic group, (B-22) an alkynyl group-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon group or heteroaromatic group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms.
- (B-1) an unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group or heteroaromatic Group
- (B-2) halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon group or heteroaromatic group
- (B-5) a linear or branched alkyl group-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon group or heteroaromatic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- (B-6) an alicyclic alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- Substituted aromatic hydrocarbon group or heteroaromatic group (B-7) C1-C19 alkoxy group substituted aromatic hydrocarbon group or heteroaromatic group, (B-8) C2-C2 19 alkoxyalkyl group-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon group or heteroaromatic group, (B-9) having 2 to 20 carbon atoms
- An aromatic hydrocarbon group or heteroaromatic group an unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group or heteroaro
- (B-1) examples include phenyl, naphthyl, azulenyl, acenaphthenyl, anthranyl, phenanthryl, naphthacenyl, fluorenyl, pyrenyl, chrysenyl, perylenyl, etc.
- (B-2) include 4-fluorophenyl group, 2,6-fluorophenyl group, 4-chlorophenyl group, 2,3,4,5,6-perfluorophenyl group, fluoropyridinyl group.
- aromatic hydrocarbon group or heteroaromatic group such as a fluoroindolyl group substituted with a halogeno group such as a fluoro group, a chloro group, a bromo group or an iodo group.
- (B-3) include biphenyl group, terphenyl group, binaphthyl group, bipyridyl group, bithienyl group, terthienyl group, quaterthienyl group, kinkthienyl group, sexithienyl group, furylphenyl group, thienylphenyl group, etc. I can do it.
- (B-5) include tolyl group, xylyl group, ethylphenyl group, n-propylphenyl group, isopropylphenyl group, n-butylphenyl group, tert.
- (B-6) include cyclohexylphenyl group, 4-methylcyclohexylphenyl group, 4-ethylcyclohexylphenyl group and the like.
- Specific examples of (B-7) include methoxyphenyl group, ethoxyphenyl group, propoxyphenyl group, isopropoxyphenyl group, butoxyphenyl group, pentyloxyphenyl group, hexyloxyphenyl group, heptyloxyphenyl group, octyloxyphenyl Group, 2-ethylhexyloxyphenyl group, decyloxyphenyl group, dodecyloxyphenyl group, stearyloxyphenyl group and the like.
- (B-8) include 4- (2-ethoxyethyl) phenyl group, 4- (2-n-hexyloxyethyl) phenyl group, 4- (2-n-heptyloxyethyl) phenyl group, 4- (2-n-tetradecyloxyethyl) phenyl group, 4- (2-cyclohexyloxyethyl) phenyl group, 4- (12-ethoxydodecyl) phenyl group, 4- (cyclohexyloxyethyl) phenyl group, 5- (2-ethoxyethyl) thienyl group, 5- (2-n-tetradecyloxyethyl) thienyl group, 5- (2-cyclohexyloxyethyl) thienyl group, 5- (12-ethoxydodecyl) thienyl group, etc. I can do it.
- the compound of the present invention can be used as an organic semiconductor material for organic semiconductor elements.
- it is usually used in a film form (an organic semiconductor film or an organic semiconductor layer).
- the film may be formed by a known dry film forming method such as vacuum deposition, but it can be formed at a low temperature and formed by a wet film forming method (coating method or printing method) excellent in productivity. Therefore, the compound of the present invention, that is, the organic semiconductor material is preferably used as an ink.
- the compound of the present invention is dissolved in a solvent.
- leveling agents such as fluorine and silicon, and polymer compounds such as polystyrene, acrylic resins, and polymer organic semiconductor compounds Can also be added as a viscosity modifier.
- Any solvent may be used, or two or more solvents may be mixed and used. Specifically, aliphatic solvents such as n-hexane, n-octane, n-decane and n-dodecane;
- Cycloaliphatic solvents such as cyclohexane; Benzene, toluene, cumene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, p-cymene, mesitylene, anisole, 2-methylanisole, 3-methylanisole, 4-methylanisole, 2,5-dimethylanisole, 3, 5-dimethoxytoluene, 2,4-dimethylanisole, phenetol, methyl benzoate, ethyl benzoate, propyl benzoate, butyl benzoate, 1,5-dimethyltetralin, n-propylbenzene, n-butylbenzene, n-pentyl Aromatic solvents such as benzene, 1,3,5-triethylbenzene, 1,3-dimethoxybenzene, 2,5-diethylcybenzene, chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, trich
- the organic semiconductor ink of the present invention may have other organic semiconductor materials, that is, an electron donating material, an electron accepting material, an electron transporting material, and a hole transporting material.
- organic semiconductor materials that is, an electron donating material, an electron accepting material, an electron transporting material, and a hole transporting material.
- a light emitting material, a light absorbing material, and the like may be included. Examples of such a material include a ⁇ -conjugated polymer exhibiting semiconducting properties, a non- ⁇ conjugated polymer exhibiting semiconducting properties, and a low molecular organic semiconductor compound.
- the organic semiconductor ink of the present invention provides a homogeneous organic semiconductor film having a high order of molecular arrangement. Therefore, the obtained organic semiconductor film can exhibit high mobility.
- it is not necessary to perform special processing such as special film formation or thermal annealing and an organic semiconductor with high mobility can be obtained simply by dripping and drying the ink. A membrane is obtained.
- the organic semiconductor element of the present invention is an organic semiconductor element containing the compound of the present invention in an active layer portion (semiconductor layer).
- organic semiconductor elements include: diodes; memories; photoelectric conversion elements such as photodiodes, solar cells, and light receiving elements; transistors such as field effect transistors, electrostatic induction transistors, and bipolar transistors; organic EL and light-emitting transistors Light emitting element; temperature sensor, chemical sensor, gas sensor, humidity sensor, radiation sensor, biosensor, blood sensor, immune sensor, artificial retina, taste sensor, pressure sensor, etc .; However, it is not limited to these.
- the compound of this invention has a high mobility of 1 cm ⁇ 2 > / Vs or more as an organic semiconductor material, the application to an organic transistor or a light emitting element is especially useful.
- An organic transistor usually has a source electrode, a drain electrode, a gate electrode, a gate insulating layer, and an organic semiconductor layer, and there are various types of organic transistors depending on the arrangement of each electrode and each layer.
- the compounds and organic semiconductor materials of the invention are not limited to the type of organic transistor, and can be used in any organic transistor.
- Examples of organic transistors reference can be made to Aldrich Basic Material Science No. 6 “Basics of Organic Transistors”.
- 1 is a substrate
- 2 is a gate electrode
- 3 is a gate insulating layer
- 4 is an organic semiconductor layer
- 5 is a source electrode
- 6 is a drain electrode.
- the bottom gate bottom contact type (hereinafter referred to as BC type) is an organic semiconductor material inferior to other element forming materials (electrode material metal or gate insulating material resin) in terms of heat resistance, weather resistance and solvent resistance. This is a more practical structure because it is handled last in the element manufacturing process.
- the BC type tends to be inferior to the device characteristics as compared to the bottom gate top contact type (hereinafter referred to as the TC type). ).
- the characteristic of the compound of the present invention is that, even if a known compound for organic semiconductor material shows high characteristics in the TC type, the characteristic is not reproduced in the BC type, but as described later, in the BC type, 1 cm 2 / Vs or higher mobility. This is because the compound of the present invention forms a polycrystalline film that imparts high mobility with an appropriate cohesive force by simply dropping ink droplets and drying them.
- Glass or resin can be used for the substrate, and a glass sheet, a resin sheet, a plastic film, or the like can be used to obtain a flexible TFT.
- a resin sheet or a plastic film because, in addition to flexibility, the weight can be reduced, the portability can be improved, and the resistance to impact can be improved.
- materials include polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethersulfone (PES), polyetherimide, polyetheretherketone, polyphenylene sulfide, polyarylate, polyimide, polycarbonate (PC), and cellulose.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- PES polyethersulfone
- PES polyetherimide
- polyetheretherketone polyphenylene sulfide
- PC polycarbonate
- cellulose examples thereof include triacetate (TAC) and cellulose acetate propionate (CAP).
- the electrode material of the gate electrode, the source electrode, and the drain electrode is not particularly limited as long as it is a conductive material. Platinum, gold, silver, nickel, chromium, copper, iron, tin, tin oxide, antimony, indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped zinc oxide, carbon, graphite, glassy carbon, silver paste, carbon paste, lithium, beryllium, sodium, magnesium, potassium, calcium, scandium, titanium, manganese, zirconium, gallium, niobium, sodium, sodium Potassium alloy, magnesium, lithium, aluminum, magnesium / copper mixture, magnesium / silver mixture, magnesium / aluminum mixture, magnesium / indium mixture, aluminum / aluminum oxide mixture, lithium / aluminum mixture It is possible to use things like.
- conductive polymers whose conductivity has been improved by doping, for example, conductive polyaniline, conductive polypyrrole, conductive polythiophene, polyethylenedioxythiophene and polystyrenesulfonic acid complex (PEDOT / PSS), etc. It can be suitably used.
- a method for forming an electrode a method for forming a pattern on an electrode using a known photolithographic method or a lift-off method, using a conductive thin film formed by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering using the above materials as a raw material, or the above
- a method of forming a resist pattern on the conductive thin film by thermal transfer or ink jet, and then etching.
- a conductive polymer solution or dispersion, or a conductive fine particle dispersion may be directly patterned by inkjet, or a conductive polymer solution or dispersion, or a conductive fine particle dispersion or paste may be used.
- Coating may be performed, and the coating film thus obtained may be patterned by lithography or laser ablation. Further, a conductive polymer solution or dispersion, or a conductive fine particle dispersion or paste is applied to a screen printing method, an offset printing method, a gravure offset printing method, a letterpress printing method, a letterpress reverse printing method, a microcontact printing method, or the like. A method of patterning by various printing methods can also be used.
- the gate insulating layer is a thermoplastic resin such as polyparaxylylene, polystyrene, acrylic resin, polyester resin; thermosetting resin such as epoxy resin, urethane resin, phenol resin, unsaturated polyester resin, alkyd resin, melamine resin; UV
- thermoplastic resin such as polyparaxylylene, polystyrene, acrylic resin, polyester resin
- thermosetting resin such as epoxy resin, urethane resin, phenol resin, unsaturated polyester resin, alkyd resin, melamine resin
- UV An organic thin film made of a curable resin or the like can be suitably used, and an inorganic thin film made of a silicon oxide film or the like can also be used.
- the gate insulating layer is, for example, spin coating method, drop casting method, cast coating method, dip method, die coating method, doctor blade method, wire bar coating method, bar coating method, reverse coating method, air doctor coating method, blade coating method.
- Air knife coating method, roll coating method, squeeze coating method, impregnation coating method, transfer roll coating method, kiss coating method, slit coating method, spray coating method, electrostatic coating method, ultrasonic spray coating method, dispensing method, inkjet method It can be produced by known and commonly used wet film formation methods such as screen printing, gravure printing, offset printing, gravure offset printing, letterpress printing, letterpress reverse printing, and microcontact printing. Depending on the photolithographic method It may be patterned to.
- the organic semiconductor layer can be formed by a publicly known dry film forming method such as a vacuum evaporation method using the compound of the present invention, but the ink of the present invention is used for a wet film forming method such as printing. It is preferable to form a film.
- the thickness of the organic semiconductor layer is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.5 nm to 1 ⁇ m, preferably 2 nm to 250 nm.
- the organic semiconductor layer may be annealed after film formation, if necessary, for the purpose of improving crystallinity and improving semiconductor characteristics.
- the annealing temperature is preferably 50 to 200 ° C., more preferably 70 to 200 ° C.
- the time is preferably 10 minutes to 12 hours, more preferably 1 hour to 10 hours, and further preferably 30 minutes to 10 hours. .
- film forming methods include spin coating, drop casting, cast coating, dip, die coating, doctor blade, wire bar coating, bar coating, reverse coating, air doctor coating, and blade coating.
- Method air knife coating method, roll coating method, squeeze coating method, impregnation coating method, transfer roll coating method, kiss coating method, slit coating method, spray coating method, electrostatic coating method, ultrasonic spray coating method, dispensing method, inkjet method
- known wet film forming methods such as a screen printing method, a gravure printing method, an offset printing method, a gravure offset printing method, a letterpress printing method, a letterpress reverse printing method, and a microcontact printing method.
- the organic transistor of the present invention can be suitably used as a switching transistor, a signal driver circuit element, a memory circuit element, a signal processing circuit element, or the like of a pixel constituting a display device.
- the display device include a liquid crystal display device, a dispersion type liquid crystal display device, an electrophoretic display device, a particle rotation type display element, an electrochromic display device, an organic EL display device, and electronic paper.
- a gate electrode was formed on a glass substrate (corresponding to 1 in FIG. 1) by depositing aluminum with a thickness of about 30 nm by a vacuum deposition method using a metal mask (corresponding to 2 in FIG. 1).
- a parylene vapor deposition apparatus label coater PDS2010, manufactured by Japan Parylene
- a polyparachloroxylylene (Parylene C) thin film thin film (thickness 500 nm) using dichloro-diparaxylylene (DPX-C, manufactured by Japan Parylene) as a raw material.
- DPX-C dichloro-diparaxylylene
- a source / drain electrode made of a gold thin film (thickness 40 nm) was patterned by a vacuum deposition method (see FIG. 1). Corresponding to 5 and 6.
- the channel length L (source electrode-drain electrode interval) was 75 ⁇ m and the channel width W was 5.0 mm).
- An organic semiconductor layer (comprising the compound (1)) is prepared by drop-casting (dropping) 0.1 ⁇ L of a solution (organic semiconductor ink) between the source and drain electrodes and then drying by natural concentration. 1 (corresponding to 4 in FIG. 1) was formed (an organic semiconductor layer was formed by dropping (drop casting) droplets of the organic semiconductor solution (ink) and drying it).
- Example 5 In Example 5, except that 1-ethynyl-4-pentylbenzene was changed to 2-ethynyl-5-methylthiophene, compound (7) (yield, 36.8%) was obtained according to Example 5. Obtained.
- the compound of the present invention is excellent in solvent solubility, and a simple wet film-forming method (that is, a solution (ink) droplet is dropped without going through a complicated process, and the compound is dried. Thus, a transistor having high semiconductor characteristics (mobility) can be formed.
- the known and conventional compounds shown in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 cannot exhibit high mobility by such a simple film formation method. From the above, it is clear that the compound of the present invention has practically preferable performance as described above, and is superior to known and commonly used compounds. Therefore, it is clear that the production method of the present invention, which can give the compound of the present invention, is superior to known and conventional production methods.
- the compound of the present invention can be used as an organic semiconductor material, and can be used for an organic transistor using the compound of the present invention as an organic semiconductor layer.
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Abstract
Description
更に、これら有機半導体材料には、当初「シリコン半導体材料に比べて、半導体特性(移動度)が低く、そのため、トランジスタの応答速度が遅くなり、実用化は難しい」といった課題があったが、近年、アモルファスシリコンの移動度を凌駕する材料が開発され始めている。
1.一般式(D)で表されるジナフトチオフェン誘導体の製造方法であって、以下の(I)及び(II)の工程を有するジナフトチオフェン誘導体の製造方法、
((I)一般式(A)で表されるナフトール誘導体と一般式(B)で表されるナフタレンチオール誘導体を、酸存在下、脱水縮合させて一般式(C)で表されるスルフィド誘導体を製造する第一工程、
(II)前記スルフィド誘導体(C)を、遷移金属の塩又は遷移金属の錯体存在下、脱水素化反応によりジナフトチオフェン誘導体(D)を製造する第二工程。)
2.前記R1~R12が、水素原子、非環式又は環式の炭素原子数1~20のアルキル基(当該アルキル基中の-CH2-が、酸素原子、硫黄原子および窒素原子が各々直接結合しないように、-O-、-R’C=CR’-、-CO-、-OCO-、-COO-、-S-、-SO2-、-SO-、-NH-、-NR’-又は-C≡C-で置換されてよく、該アルキル基中の水素原子は、芳香族基、ハロゲノ基、又はニトリル基によって置換されていてもよい(但し、R’は炭素原子数1~20の非環式又は環式アルキル基を表す。)。)、ハロゲノ基、芳香族基(当該芳香族基は、非環式又は環式の炭素原子数1~20のアルキル基、ハロゲノ基、芳香族基、又はニトリル基で置換されていてもよく、当該アルキル基中の-CH2-が、酸素原子、硫黄原子および窒素原子が各々直接結合しないように、-O-、-CR’’=CR’’-、-CO-、-OCO-、-COO-、-S-、-SO2-、-SO-、-NH-、-NR’’-又は-C≡C-で置換されてよく、該アルキル基中の水素原子は、芳香族基、ハロゲノ基、又はニトリル基によって置換されていてもよい(但し、R’’は炭素原子数1~20の非環式又は環式アルキル基を表す。)。)、ニトロ基、又はニトリル基である、1.に記載の製造方法、
3.前記R1~R12について、R1とR12は互いに同じであるか異なり、R2とR11は互いに同じであるか異なり、R3とR10は互いに同じであるか異なり、R4とR9は互いに同じであるか異なり、R5とR8は互いに同じであるか異なり、R6とR7は互いに同じであるか異なるが、R1とR12、R2とR11、R3とR10、R4とR9、R5とR8、R6とR7、の6組の組み合わせのうち、少なくとも一つの組み合わせは互いに異なる、1.又は2.に記載の製造方法、
4.一般式(E)で表されるジナフトチオフェン誘導体(ただし、化合物(E-a)、化合物(E-b)、化合物(E-c)、化合物(E-d)、化合物(E-e)、化合物(E-f)、化合物(E-g)、化合物(E-h)、化合物(E-i)、化合物(E-j)、化合物(E-k)、および化合物(E-L)を除く。)、
5.前記R21~R32が、水素原子、非環式又は環式の炭素原子数1~20のアルキル基(当該アルキル基中の-CH2-が、酸素原子、硫黄原子および窒素原子が各々直接結合しないように、-O-、-R’C=CR’-、-CO-、-OCO-、-COO-、-S-、-SO2-、-SO-、-NH-、-NR’-又は-C≡C-で置換されてよく、該アルキル基中の水素原子は、芳香族基、ハロゲノ基、又はニトリル基によって置換されていてもよい(但し、R’は炭素原子数1~20の非環式又は環式アルキル基を表す。)。)、ハロゲノ基、芳香族基(当該芳香族基は、非環式又は環式の炭素原子数1~20のアルキル基、ハロゲノ基、芳香族基、又はニトリル基で置換されていてもよく、当該アルキル基中の-CH2-が、酸素原子、硫黄原子および窒素原子が各々直接結合しないように、-O-、-CR’’=CR’’-、-CO-、-OCO-、-COO-、-S-、-SO2-、-SO-、-NH-、-NR’’-又は-C≡C-で置換されてよく、該アルキル基中の水素原子は、芳香族基、ハロゲノ基、又はニトリル基によって置換されていてもよい(但し、R’’は炭素原子数1~20の非環式又は環式アルキル基を表す。)。)、ニトロ基、又はニトリル基である4.に記載のジナフトチオフェン誘導体、
6.前記R21~R32が、水素原子、フッ素原子(フルオロ基)、非環式又は環式の炭素原子数1~20のアルキル基、Ph-C≡C*(Phは置換されていてもよいフェニル基、*は結合位置を表す。)、またはTh-C≡C*(Thは置換されていてもよいチエニル基、*は結合位置を表す。)である、4.または5.に記載のジナフトチオフェン誘導体、
7.前記した置換基に係わる6組の組み合わせ(R21とR32、R22とR31、R23とR30、R24とR29、R25とR28、R26とR27)のうち、少なくとも一つの組み合わせは互いに異なり、且つ、それ以外の組み合わせは互いに同一で水素原子である、4.~6.に記載のジナフトチオフェン誘導体、
8.前記した置換基に係わる6組の組み合わせ(R21とR32、R22とR31、R23とR30、R24とR29、R25とR28、R26とR27)のうち、R21とR32、R22とR31、R25とR28、R26とR27、はいずれも同一で水素原子であり、R23とR30は互いに同じであるか異なり、R24とR29は互いに同じであるか異なるが、R23とR30、R24とR29、の2組の組み合わせのうち、少なくとも一つの組み合わせは互いに異なる、4.~6.に記載のジナフトチオフェン誘導体、
9.4.~8.のいずれかに記載のジナフトチオフェン誘導体を含有する有機半導体材料、
10.9.に記載の有機半導体材料を含有する有機半導体インク、
11.9.に記載の有機半導体材料を含有する有機半導体膜、
12.9.に記載の有機半導体材料を含有する有機半導体素子、
13.9.に記載の有機半導体材料を含有する有機トランジスタ。
本発明のジナフトチオフェン誘導体の製造方法について説明する。
本発明の製造法のスキームは次の通りである。
ここで、本発明の製造法に係わる一般式(A)、(B)、(C)、(D)で表せる化合物の置換基R1~R12は、同一でも異なっていてもよく、芳香族化合物の置換基として公知慣用の任意の置換基(但し、後記する製造工程(I)又は(II)において反応活性部とならない置換基)を用いることが出来る。その具体例としては、
水素原子(軽水素、重水素及び三重水素を含む)、
非環式又は環式の炭素原子数1~20のアルキル基(該アルキル基中の-CH2-が、酸素原子、硫黄原子及び窒素原子が各々直接結合しないように、-O-、-R’C=CR’-、-CO-、-OCO-、-COO-、-S-、-SO2-、-SO-、-NH-、-NR’-又は-C≡C-で置換されてよく、該アルキル基中の水素原子は、芳香族基、ハロゲノ基、又はニトリル基によって置換されていてもよい(但し、R’は炭素原子数1~20の非環式又は環式アルキル基を表す。))、
ハロゲノ基、芳香族基(該芳香族基は、非環式又は環式の炭素原子数1~20のアルキル基、ハロゲノ基、芳香族基、又はニトリル基で置換されていてもよく、該アルキル基中の-CH2-が、酸素原子、硫黄原子及び窒素原子が各々直接結合しないように、-O-、-CR’’=CR’’-、-CO-、-OCO-、-COO-、-S-、-SO2-、-SO-、-NH-、-NR’’-又は-C≡C-で置換されてよく、該アルキル基中の水素原子は、芳香族基、ハロゲノ基、又はニトリル基によって置換されていてもよい(但し、R’’は炭素原子数1~20の非環式又は環式アルキル基を表す。))、
ニトロ基、又はニトリル基、等を挙げることが出来るが、これらに限定されるものではない。なお、前記アルキル基、ハロゲノ基、芳香族基の具体例としては、後記する本発明の化合物(ジナフトチオフェン誘導体)の置換基と同様のものを挙げることが出来る。
(I)一般式(A)で表せるナフトール誘導体と一般式(B)で表せるナフタレンチオール誘導体を、酸存在下、脱水縮合させて一般式(C)で表せるスルフィド誘導体を製造する第一工程と、
(II)前記スルフィド誘導体(C)を、遷移金属の塩又は遷移金属の錯体存在下、脱水素化反応によりジナフトチオフェン誘導体(D)を製造する第二工程、
よりなることを特徴とする。
ナフタレンチオール誘導体(B)は、市販されているものも多く入手も容易である。またEuropean Journal of Organic Chemistry 833-845 (2010)などに記載されている、ナフトールをジメチルチオカルバモイルクロリドと縮合させてO-チオカルバマートとした後、S-チオカルバマートに熱転位させ、最後に加水分解する方法に従って、合成することも可能である。
塩酸、臭化水素酸、ヨウ化水素酸、過塩素酸、硝酸、硫酸、燐酸、ホウ酸、ポリ燐酸、フルオロ硫酸、クロロ硫酸、リンタングステン酸等のヘテロポリ酸等が挙げられる。
前記鉱酸中、塩酸、硝酸、硫酸、燐酸、ポリ燐酸、フルオロ硫酸、クロロ硫酸が好ましく、より反応性を向上させるためには、硫酸、リン酸、ポリリン酸、フルオロ硫酸が更に好ましい。
メタンスルホン酸、エタンスルホン酸、プロパンスルホン酸、ブタンスルホン酸、ペンタンスルホン酸、ヘキサンスルホン酸、ヘプタンスルホン酸、オクタンスルホン酸、ノナンスルホン酸、デカンスルホン酸等のアルキルスルホン酸;
トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸、ペルフルオロエタンスルホン酸、ペルフルオロプロパンスルホン酸、ペルフルオロブタンスルホン酸、ペルフルオロペンタンスルホン酸、ペルフルオロヘキサンスルホン酸、ペルフルオロヘプタンスルホン酸、ペルフルオロオクタンスルホン酸、ペルフルオロノナンスルホン酸、ペルフルオロデカンスルホン酸等のフッ素化アルキルスルホン酸;
ベンゼンスルホン酸、ナフタレンスルホン酸、ピリジンスルホン酸、チオフェンスルホン酸、p-トルエンスルホン酸、p-スチレンスルホン酸、キシレンスルホン酸等のアルキル置換でされていても良いアリールスルホン酸;
等が挙げられる。
より反応性を向上させるためには、メタンスルホン酸、エタンスルホン酸、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸、ペルフルオロエタンスルホン酸、ペルフルオロプロパンスルホン酸、ペルフルオロブタンスルホン酸が更に好ましい。
Be、B、Al、Si、P、S、Ti、V、Fe、Zn、Ga、Ge、As、Se、Zr、Nb、Mo、Cd、In、Sn、Sb、Te、Yb、Hf、Ta、W、Hg、Tl、Pb,Bi、U等の元素又はPO、SeO、VO等の酸素-元素結合体と、
フッ化水素、塩化水素、臭化水素酸、ヨウ化水素、過塩素酸、硝酸、硫酸、リン酸、フルオロ硫酸、クロロ硫酸、テトラフルオロホウ酸、ヘキサフルオロリン酸等の鉱酸、アルキルスルホン酸、ハロゲン化されていてもよいアルキルスルホン酸、アリールスルホン酸、アルキル側鎖を有していてもよいアリールスルホン酸、ホスホン酸、カルボン酸、ハロゲン化されていてもよいカルボン酸等の酸性化合物との塩又は錯体であり、
三フッ化ホウ素、三塩化ホウ素、三フッ化ホウ素ジエチルエーテル錯体、三フッ化ホウ素ジメチルスルフィド錯体、
フッ化アルミニウム、塩化アルミニウム、臭化アルミニウム、過塩素酸アルミニウム、硝酸アルミニウム、硫酸アルミニウム、メタンスルホン酸アルミニウム、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸アルミニウム、p-トルエンスルホン酸アルミニウム、酢酸アルミニウム、トリフルオロ酢酸アルミニウム等のアルミニウムの塩又は錯体;
フッ化スカンジウム(III)、塩化スカンジウム(III)、臭化スカンジウム(III)、過塩素酸スカンジウム(III)、硝酸スカンジウム(III)、硫酸スカンジウム(III)、メタンスルホン酸スカンジウム(III)、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸スカンジウム(III)、p-トルエンスルホン酸スカンジウム(III)、酢酸スカンジウム(III)、トリフルオロ酢酸スカンジウム(III)等のスカンジウム(III)の塩又は錯体;
フッ化鉄(III)、塩化鉄(III)、臭化鉄(III)、過塩素酸鉄(III)、硝酸鉄(III)、硫酸鉄(III)、メタンスルホン酸鉄(III)、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸鉄(III)、p-トルエンスルホン酸鉄(III)、酢酸鉄(III)、トリフルオロ酢酸鉄(III)等の鉄(III)の塩又は錯体;
フッ化亜鉛、塩化亜鉛、臭化亜鉛、過塩素酸亜鉛、硝酸亜鉛、硫酸亜鉛、メタンスルホン酸亜鉛、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸亜鉛、p-トルエンスルホン酸亜鉛、酢酸亜鉛、トリフルオロ酢酸亜鉛等の亜鉛(II)の塩又は錯体;
フッ化ジルコニウム(IV)、塩化ジルコニウム(IV)、臭化ジルコニウム(IV)、過塩素酸ジルコニウム(IV)、硝酸ジルコニウム(IV)、硫酸ジルコニウム(IV)、メタンスルホン酸ジルコニウム(IV)、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸ジルコニウム(IV)、p-トルエンスルホン酸ジルコニウム(IV)、酢酸ジルコニウム(IV)、トリフルオロ酢酸ジルコニウム(IV)等のジルコニウム(IV)の塩又は錯体;
フッ化ビスマス(III)、塩化ビスマス(III)、臭化ビスマス(III)、過塩素酸ビスマス(III)、硝酸ビスマス(III)、硫酸ビスマス(III)、メタンスルホン酸ビスマス(III)、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸ビスマス(III)、p-トルエンスルホン酸ビスマス(III)、酢酸ビスマス(III)、トリフルオロ酢酸ビスマス(III)等のビスマス(III)の塩又は錯体;
塩化スズ(IV)、塩化アンチモン(V)、塩化テルル(IV)、臭化テルル(IV)、塩化モリブデン(VI)、四塩化チタン(IV)、四塩化バナジウム(IV)等が挙げられる。
三フッ化ホウ素、三塩化ホウ素、三フッ化ホウ素ジエチルエーテル錯体、三フッ化ホウ素ジメチルスルフィド錯体、フッ化アルミニウム、塩化アルミニウム、臭化アルミニウム、過塩素酸アルミニウム、硝酸アルミニウム、硫酸アルミニウム、メタンスルホン酸アルミニウム、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸アルミニウム、p-トルエンスルホン酸アルミニウム、酢酸アルミニウム、トリフルオロ酢酸アルミニウム、フッ化鉄(III)、塩化鉄(III)、臭化鉄(III)、過塩素酸鉄(III)、硝酸鉄(III)、硫酸鉄(III)、メタンスルホン酸鉄(III)、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸鉄(III)、p-トルエンスルホン酸鉄(III)、酢酸鉄(III)、トリフルオロ酢酸鉄(III)、フッ化亜鉛、塩化亜鉛、臭化亜鉛、過塩素酸亜鉛、硝酸亜鉛、硫酸亜鉛、メタンスルホン酸亜鉛、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸亜鉛、p-トルエンスルホン酸亜鉛、酢酸亜鉛、トリフルオロ酢酸亜鉛、フッ化インジウム(III)、塩化インジウム(III)、臭化インジウム(III)、過塩素酸インジウム(III)、硝酸インジウム(III)、硫酸インジウム(III)、メタンスルホン酸インジウム(III)、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸インジウム(III)、p-トルエンスルホン酸インジウム(III)、酢酸インジウム(III)、トリフルオロ酢酸インジウム(III)、フッ化ビスマス(III)、塩化ビスマス(III)、臭化ビスマス(III)、過塩素酸ビスマス(III)、硝酸ビスマス(III)、硫酸ビスマス(III)、メタンスルホン酸ビスマス(III)、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸ビスマス(III)、p-トルエンスルホン酸ビスマス(III)、酢酸ビスマス(III)、トリフルオロ酢酸ビスマス(III)、塩化スズ(IV)、塩化モリブデン(VI)が好ましい。
シリカ、α-アルミナ等の酸化物;
シリカアルミナ、シリカチタニア、ゼオライト、アルミナチタニア、チタニア酸化亜鉛、シリカ酸化亜鉛、チタニアジルコニア 、シリカモリブデン等の非晶質又は結晶質複合系金属酸化物;
液体リン酸触媒等の液体酸を無機質担体に吸着固定化した固定化酸;
等である。
シリカアルミナ、シリカチタニア、ゼオライトが好ましい。
これらの固体酸触媒の大きさ、形状等は特に限定するものではないが、通常、粉粒状のものが使用され、その粒径は好ましくは10μm~10mmである。特に反応効率を上げるため、多孔質で実質表面積(反応液接触面積)の大きなものが好ましい。
これらの酸触媒は単独で又は2種以上組み合わせて使用出来、その使用量はナフトール誘導体(A)に対し0.001~10当量、好ましくは0.005~5当量、より好ましくは0.01~2.5当量である。
酢酸エチル、酢酸イソプロピル、酢酸アミル等のエステル溶媒;
n-ヘキサン、ヘプタン、オクタン、シクロヘキサン、シクロペンタン等の脂肪族炭化水素溶媒;
ジクロロメタン、クロロホルム、四塩化炭素、1,2-ジクロロエタン等のハロゲン系溶媒;
トルエン、ベンゼン、キシレン等の芳香族炭化水素溶媒;
N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、N-メチルピロジノン等のアミド溶媒;
ジメチルスルホキシド、スルホラン等の含硫黄溶媒;
アセトニトリル、バレロニトリル、ベンゾニトリル等のニトリル溶媒;
酢酸、プロピオン酸、酪酸等のカルボン酸溶媒;
等を挙げることが出来、これらの溶媒は、単独で又は2種以上組み合わせて使用出来る。
該反応で用いられる遷移金属とは、第一遷移元素であるScからZnまで、第二遷移元素であるYからCdまで、及び第三遷移元素であるLaからHgまでの金属である。
前記の遷移金属中、
鉄、コバルト、ニッケル、銅、モリブデン、ルテニウム、ロジウム、パラジウム、オスミウム、イリジウム、白金、金が好ましく、
より反応性を向上させるためには、
ニッケル、モリブデン、ルテニウム、ロジウム、パラジウム、イリジウム、白金、金であることが更に好ましく、
より一層反応性を向上させるためには、ルテニウム、パラジウム、白金であることが特に好ましい。
水、フッ化水素、塩化水素、臭化水素酸、ヨウ化水素、過塩素酸、硝酸、硫酸、リン酸、フルオロ硫酸、クロロ硫酸、テトラフルオロホウ酸、ヘキサフルオロリン酸、リンタングステン酸等のヘテロポリ酸、アルキルスルホン酸、ハロゲン化されていてもよいアルキルスルホン酸、アリールスルホン酸、アルキル側鎖を有していてもよいアリールスルホン酸、ホスホン酸、カルボン酸、ハロゲン化されていてもよいカルボン酸等の酸性化合物;
アルケン、アルキン、アミン、ホスフィン、アルシン、N-ヘテロサイクリックカルベン、ジベンジリデンアセトン、アセチルアセトン、一酸化炭素、ニトリル、サレン等の配位子;
との塩又は錯体が挙げられる。
テトラキス(トリフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(0)、トリス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)ジパラジウム(0)、ビス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)パラジウム(0)、ビス[1,2-ビス(ジフェニルホスフィノ)エタン]パラジウム(0)、ビス(トリ-t-ブチルホスフィン)パラジウム(0)、ビス(トリシクロヘキシルホスフィン)パラジウム(0)、ビス[ジ-tert-ブチル(4-ジメチルアミノフェニル)ホスフィン]パラジウム(0)、水酸化パラジウム(II)、硝酸パラジウム(II)、ジクロロベンジルビス(トリフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(II)、ジクロロビス(トリフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(II)、クロロアリルパラジウム(II)ダイマー、ジクロロビス(アセトニトリル)パラジウム(II)、ジクロロビス(ベンゾニトリル)パラジウム(II)、酢酸ビス(トリフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(II)、トリフルオロ酢酸ビス(トリフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(II)、ジクロロ(cis,cis-1,5-シクロオクタンジエン)パラジウム(II)、酢酸パラジウム(II)、トリフルオロ酢酸パラジウム(II)、ピバル酸パラジウム(II)、ビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸)テトラキス(アセトニトリル)パラジウム(II)、アセチルアセトンパラジウム(II)、塩化パラジウム(II)、臭化パラジウム(II)、テトラクロロパラジウム(II)酸ナトリウム、ジクロロ2,5-ノルボルナジエンパラジウム(II)、硝酸(エチレンジアミン)パラジウム(II)、ジクロロ[9,9-ジメチル-4,5-ビス(ジフェニルホスフィノ)キサンテン]パラジウム(II)、ジクロロ(1,5-シクロオクタジエン)パラジウム(II)、ジ-μ-クロロビス[5-ヒドロキシ-2-[1-(ヒドロキシイミノ)エチル]フェニル]パラジウム(II)ダイマー、ジクロロ[ジ-tert-ブチル(クロロ)ホスフィン]パラジウム(II)ダイマー、クロロ[(トリ-tert-ブチルホスフィン)-2-(2-アミノビフェニル)]パラジウム(II)、ジクロロビス(トリ-o-トリルホスフィン)パラジウム(II)、ジクロロビス(メチルジフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(II)、パラジウム/炭素、パラジウム/アルミナ、パラジウム/炭酸バリウム、パラジウム/硫酸バリウム等のパラジウム塩又は錯体;
テトラキス(トリフェニルホスフィン)白金(0)、ビス(トリ-tert-ブチルホスフィン)白金(0)、塩化白金(II)、アセチルアセトン白金(II)、cis-ジアミン(1,1-シクロブタンジカルボキシラト)白金(II)、ジクロロcis-ジアンミン白金(II)、ジクロロ(1,5-シクロオクタジエン)白金(II)、(trans-1,2-シクロヘキサンジアミン)オキサラト白金(II)等の白金塩又は錯体が挙げられる。
配位子としては例えば、トリメチルホスフィン、トリエチルホスフィン、トリ-n-ブチル)ホスフィン、トリ-tert-ブチルホスフィン、トリシクロヘキシルホスフィン、トリフェニルホスフィン、トリ(o-トリル)ホスフィン等の単座ホスフィン系配位子;ビス(ジフェニルホスフィノ)メタン、1,2-ビス(ジフェニルホスフィノ)エタン、2,2’-ビス(ジフェニルホスフィノ)-1,1’-ビナフタレン、1,1’-ビス(ジフェニルホスフィノ)フェロセン等の二座ホスフィン系配位子;
等が挙げられる。
酸化剤としては例えば、過酢酸、過酸化水素、過酸化水素水、尿素・過酸化水素、Oxone、過炭酸ナトリウム、過ホウ酸ナトリウム、過ホウ酸カリウム、ぺルオキソ二硫酸ジカリウム、過硫酸テトラブチルアンモニウム、3-クロロ過安息香酸、ジメチルジオキシラン、tert-ブチルヒドロペルオキシド、過酸化ベンゾイル等の過酸化物;
酸素、オゾン、フッ素、塩素、臭素、一酸化窒素、一酸化二窒素等の酸化性ガス;
三酸化クロム、二酸化マンガン、酢酸マンガン(III)、過マンガン酸カリウム、二クロム酸カリウム、五酸化二バナジウム(V)、トリイソプロポキシバナジウム(V)オキシド、硝酸セリウム(IV)アンモニウム、酢酸鉛(IV)、酸化オスミニウム(VIII)等の高酸化度金属化合物;、
フッ化銀、塩化銀、臭化銀、ヨウ化銀、酸化銀、炭酸銀、シアン化銀、硫酸銀、硝酸銀、酢酸銀、トリフルオロ酢酸銀、ピバル酸銀、乳酸銀、シクロヘキサン酪酸銀、メタンスルホン銀、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸銀、テトラフルオロほう酸銀等の銀(I)化合物、
フッ化鉄(II)、塩化鉄(II)、臭化鉄(II)、ヨウ化鉄(II)、酸化鉄(II)、炭酸鉄(II)、シアン化鉄(II)、硫酸鉄(II)、硝酸鉄(II)、酢酸鉄(II)、トリフルオロ酢酸鉄(II)、ピバル酸鉄(II)、乳酸鉄(II)、シクロヘキサン酪酸鉄(II)、メタンスルホン鉄(II)、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸鉄(II)、テトラフルオロほう酸鉄(II)等の鉄(II)化合物;
ベンゾキノン、アントラキノン、2-(シクロヘキシルスルフィニル)-ベンゾキノン、2-(フェニルスルフィニル)-ベンゾキノン、2,3-ジクロロ-5,6-ジシアノ-1,4-ベンゾキノン、クロラニル、o-クロラニル等のキノン誘導体;
等が挙げられ、
更により好ましくは、酸素、硝酸銀、酢酸銀、トリフルオロ酢酸銀、ピバル酸銀、乳酸銀、シクロヘキサン酪酸銀、メタンスルホン銀、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸銀、テトラフルオロほう酸銀、
カルボン酸としては例えば、ギ酸、酢酸、プロピオン酸、酪酸、吉草酸、カプロン酸、エナント酸、カプリル酸、ペラルゴン酸、カプリン酸、ラウリン酸、ミリスチン酸、パルミチン酸、マルガリン酸、ステアリン酸、ピバル酸、2,2-ジメチル酪酸、1-メチル-1-シクロヘキサンカルボン酸、2-フェニルイソ酪酸等の飽和脂肪族カルボン酸;
オレイン酸、リノール酸、リノレン酸、アラキドン酸、エイコサペンタエン酸等の不飽和脂肪族カルボン酸;
安息香酸、フタル酸、イソフタル酸、テレフタル酸、サリチル酸、没食子酸、メリト酸、ケイ皮酸等の芳香族カルボン酸;
シュウ酸、マレイン酸、フマル酸、コハク酸、グルタル酸、ムコン酸、アジピン酸、アゼライン酸、2,5-チオフェンジカルボン酸、テレフタル酸、2,5-ピラジンジカルボン酸、ナフタレン-2,6-ジカルボン酸、ビフェニル-4,4’-ジカルボン酸、アゾベンゼンジカルボン酸、ベンゼン-1,2,4-トリカルボン酸、ベンゼン-1,3,5-トリ安息香酸)、ベンゼン-1,2,4,5-テトラカルボン酸、ナフタレン-2,3,6,7-テトラカルボン酸、ナフタレン-1,4,5,8-テトラカルボン酸、ビフェニル-3,5,3’,5’-テトラカルボン酸、及び2-アミノテレフタル酸、2-ニトロテレフタル酸、2-メチルテレフタル酸、2-クロロテレフタル酸、2-ブロモテレフタル酸、2,5-ジヒドロオキソテレフタル酸、テトラフルオロテレフタル酸、2,5-ジカルボキシテレフタル酸、ジメチル-4,4’-ビフェニルジカルボン酸、テトラメチル-4,4’-ビフェニルジカルボン酸、ジカルボキシ-4,4’-ビフェニルジカルボン酸、2,5-ピラジンジカルボン酸、2,5-ジペルフルオロテレフタル酸、アゾベンゼン-4,4’-ジカルボン酸、3,3’-ジクロロアゾベンゼン-4,4’-ジカルボン酸、3,3’-ジヒドロオキソアゾベンゼン-4,4’-ジカルボン酸、3,3’-ジペルフルオロアゾベンゼン-4,4’-ジカルボン酸、3,5,3’,5’-アゾベンゼンテトラカルボン酸、2,5-ジメチルテレフタル酸等の多価カルボン酸;
が挙げられ、
更により一層好ましくは、酢酸、プロピオン酸、ピバル酸、2,2-ジメチル酪酸、1-メチル-1-シクロヘキサンカルボン酸、トリフルオロ酢酸、トリクロロ酢酸、
である。
塩基としては例えば、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム、炭酸セシウム等の炭酸塩;
リン酸ナトリウム、リン酸二ナトリウム、リン酸三ナトリウム、リン酸カリウム、リン酸カルシウム、リン酸二アンモニウム等のリン酸塩;
水酸化リチウム、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、水酸化セシウム等の水酸化物、フッ化カリウム、フッ化セシウム、テトラブチルアンモニウムフルオリド等のフッ化物;
ナトリウムメトキシド、ナトリウムエトキシド、カリウムtert-ブトキシド等のアルコキシド;
トリメチルアミン、トリエチルアミン、トリブチルアミン、ジイソプロピルエチルアミン、N-メチルモルホリン、N-メチルピロリジン、N-メチルピペリジン、1,8-ジアザ-ビシクロ[5.4.0]ウンデカ-7-エン、1,4-ジアザ-ビシクロ[2.2.2]オクタン等の第3級アミン;
ピリジン、ピコリン、エチルピリジン、プロピルピリジン、ブチルピリジン、t-ブチルピリジンのような2,3-ジメチルピリジン、2,4-ジメチルピリジン、2,5-ジメチルピリジン、2,6-ジメチルピリジン、3,5-ジメチルピリジン、2-メチル-5-エチル-ピリジン、2,6-ジイソプロピルピリジン、2,6-ジtーブチルピリジン等のピリジン誘導体;
が挙げられ、
フッ化カリウム、フッ化セシウム、テトラブチルアンモニウムフルオリド等のフッ化物、ナトリウムメトキシド、ナトリウムエトキシド、カリウムtert-ブトキシド、
特に好ましくは、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム、炭酸セシウム、
リン酸ナトリウム、リン酸二ナトリウム、リン酸三ナトリウム、リン酸カリウム、リン酸カルシウム、リン酸二アンモニウム、水酸化リチウム、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、水酸化セシウム、
である。
酢酸エチル、酢酸イソプロピル、酢酸アミル等のエステル溶媒;
n-ヘキサン、ヘプタン、オクタン、シクロヘキサン、シクロペンタン等の脂肪族炭化水素溶媒;
ジクロロメタン、クロロホルム、四塩化炭素、1,2-ジクロロエタン等のハロゲン化溶媒;
トルエン、ベンゼン、キシレン等の芳香族炭化水素溶媒;
N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、N-メチルピロジノン等のアミド溶媒;
ジメチルスルホキシド、スルホラン等の含硫黄溶媒;
アセトニトリル、バレロニトリル、ベンゾニトリル等のニトリル溶媒;
酢酸、プロピオン酸、酪酸等のカルボン酸溶媒;
等を挙げることが出来、これらの溶媒は、単独で又は2種以上組み合わせて使用出来る。
以下、本発明のジナフトチオフェン誘導体について説明する。
本発明の一般式(E)で表せる化合物の置換基R21~R32としては、芳香族化合物の置換基として公知慣用のものであれば制限無く用いることが出来るが、例えば、
非環式又は環式の炭素原子数1~20のアルキル基(該アルキル基中の-CH2-が、酸素原子、硫黄原子及び窒素原子が各々直接結合しないように、-O-、-R’C=CR’-、-CO-、-OCO-、-COO-、-S-、-SO2-、-SO-、-NH-、-NR’-又は-C≡C-で置換されてよく、該アルキル基中の水素原子は、芳香族基、ハロゲノ基、又はニトリル基によって置換されていてもよい(但し、R’は炭素原子数1~20の非環式又は環式アルキル基を表す。))、ハロゲノ基、芳香族基(該芳香族基は、非環式又は環式の炭素原子数1~20のアルキル基、ハロゲノ基、芳香族基、又はニトリル基で置換されていてもよく、該アルキル基中の-CH2-が、酸素原子、硫黄原子及び窒素原子が各々直接結合しないように、-O-、-CR’’=CR’’-、-CO-、-OCO-、-COO-、-S-、-SO2-、-SO-、-NH-、-NR’’-又は-C≡C-で置換されてよく、該アルキル基中の水素原子は、芳香族基、ハロゲノ基、又はニトリル基によって置換されていてもよい(但し、R’’は炭素原子数1~20の非環式又は環式アルキル基を表す。))、ニトロ基、又はニトリル基から選ばれる基を挙げることが出来る。
イソプロピル基、イソブチル基、イソペンチル基、ネオペンチル基、1-メチルペンチル基、4-メチル-2-ペンチル基、3,3-ジメチルブチル基、2-エチルブチル基、1-メチルヘキシル基、シクロヘキシルメチル基、tert-オクチル基、1-メチルヘプチル基、2-エチルヘキシル基、3-エチルヘプチル基、2-プロピルペンチル基、2,2-ジメチルヘプチル基、2,6-ジメチル-4-ヘプチル基、3,5,5-トリメチルヘキシル基、1-メチルデシル基、1-ヘキシルヘプチル基等の分岐アルキル基;
シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、4-メチルシクロヘキシル基、シクロヘプチル基、シクロオクチル基等の環状アルキル基;
等を挙げることが出来る。
等を挙げることが出来る。
(A-19)の具体例としては、一般式(A-19-1)で表される、置換基を有してもよいフェニル基で置換されたエチニル基、または一般式(A-19-2)で表される、置換基を有してもよいチエニル基で置換されたエチニル基を挙げることができる。前記置換基の具体例としては、炭素原子数1~20の直鎖又は分岐アルキル基を挙げることができる。
更に高い移動度の化合物を得るためには、(B-1)無置換の芳香族炭化水素基又は複素芳香族基、(B-2)ハロゲン化芳香族炭化水素基又は複素芳香族基、(B-3)芳香族炭化水素基又は複素芳香族基が単結合で連結した芳香族炭化水素基又は複素芳香族基、(B-5)炭素原子数1~20の直鎖又は分岐アルキル基置換の芳香族炭化水素基又は複素芳香族基、(B-6)炭素数1~20の脂環式アルキル基置換の芳香族炭化水素基又は複素芳香族基、(B-7)炭素原子数1~19のアルコキシ基置換の芳香族炭化水素基又は複素芳香族基、(B-8)炭素原子数2~19のアルコキシアルキル基置換の芳香族炭化水素基又は複素芳香族基が特に好ましい。
ピロリル基、インドリル基、フリル基、チエニル基、イミダゾリル基、ベンゾフリル基、トリアゾリル基、ベンゾトリアゾリル基、ベンゾチエニル基、ピラゾリル基、インドリジニル基、キノリニル基、イソキノリニル基、カルバゾリル基、ジベンゾフラニル基、ジベンゾチオフェニル基、インドリニル基、チアゾリル基、ピリジル基、ピリミジル基、ピラジニル基、ピリダジニル基、チアジアジニル基、オキサジアゾリル基、ベンゾキノリニル基、チアジアゾリル基、ピロロチアゾリル基、ピロロピリダジニル基、テトラゾリル基、オキサゾリル基等、無置換の5員環又は6員環の複素芳香族基や、該複素芳香族基に他の芳香族基が縮合した多環式複素芳香族基;
等を挙げることが出来る。
(B-7)の具体例としては、メトキシフェニル基、エトキシフェニル基、プロポキシフェニル基、イソプロポキシフェニル基、ブトキシフェニル基、ペンチルオキシフェニル基、ヘキシルオキシフェニル基、ヘプチルオキシフェニル基、オクチルオキシフェニル基、2-エチルヘキシルオキシフェニル基、デシルオキシフェニル基、ドデシルオキシフェニル基、ステアリルオキシフェニル基等を挙げることが出来る。
(B-8)の具体例としては、4-(2-エトキシエチル)フェニル基、4-(2-n-ヘキシルオキシエチル)フェニル基、4-(2-n-ヘプチルオキシエチル)フェニル基、4-(2-n-テトラデシルオキシエチル)フェニル基、4-(2-シクロヘキシルオキシエチル)フェニル基、4-(12-エトキシドデシル)フェニル基、4-(シクロヘキシルオキシエチル)フェニル基、5-(2-エトキシエチル)チエニル基、5-(2-n-テトラデシルオキシエチル)チエニル基、5-(2-シクロヘキシルオキシエチル)チエニル基、5-(12-エトキシドデシル)チエニル基等を挙げることが出来る。
本発明の化合物は、有機半導体素子を用途とした、有機半導体材料として使用することが出来る。本発明の化合物を、有機半導体として使用するためには、通常、膜形態(有機半導体膜又は有機半導体層)にて使用される。膜の形成にあたっては、真空蒸着等公知慣用の乾式成膜法により形成しても構わないが、低温成膜が可能で、生産性に優れる湿式成膜法(塗工法又は印刷法)にて形成することが好ましく、そのために、本発明の化合物、即ち有機半導体材料は、インクとして使用することが好ましい。インクを調製するためには、本発明の化合物を溶媒に溶解する。また、半導体特性を損なわない範囲で、インク特性(印刷適性)を付与するために、フッ素系やシリコン系等のレベリング剤、及び、ポリスチレンやアクリル樹脂や高分子系有機半導体化合物等の高分子化合物を粘度調整剤として添加することも出来る。
使用する溶媒は何を用いても構わず、また2種以上の溶媒を混合して用いても良い。具体的には、n-ヘキサン、n-オクタン、n-デカン、n-ドデカン等の脂肪族系溶媒;
ベンゼン、トルエン、クメン、o-キシレン、m-キシレン、p-キシレン、p-シメン、メシチレン、アニソール、2-メチルアニソール、3-メチルアニソール、4-メチルアニソール、2,5-ジメチルアニソール、3,5-ジメトキシトルエン、2,4-ジメチルアニソール、フェネトール、安息香酸メチル、安息香酸エチル、安息香酸プロピル、安息香酸ブチル、1,5-ジメチルテトラリン、n-プロピルベンゼン、n-ブチルベンゼン、n-ペンチルベンゼン、1,3,5-トリエチルベンゼン、1,3-ジメトキシベンゼン、2,5-ジエチルシベンゼン、クロロベンゼン、o-ジクロロベンゼン、トリクロロベンゼン等の芳香族系溶媒;
テトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサン、エチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、アニソール、ベンジルエチルエーテル、エチルフェニルエーテル、ジフェニルエーテル、メチル-t-ブチルエーテル等のエーテル系溶媒;
酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル、エチルセロソルブ、プロピレングリコールメチルエーテルアセテート等のエステル系溶媒;
メタノール、エタノール、イソプロパノール等のアルコール系溶媒;
アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、シクロヘキサノン、2-ヘキサノン、2-ヘプタノン、3-ヘプタノン等のケトン系溶媒;
その他ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、ジエチルホルムアミド等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されることはない。
調製された液体組成物における本発明の化合物の濃度としては、0.01~20重量%であることが好ましく、更には0.1~10重量%であることが好ましい。
次に、本発明の有機半導体素子について説明する。本発明の有機半導体素子は、本発明の化合物を、活性層部(半導体層)に含有する有機半導体素子である。
次に本発明の化合物を含有する有機トランジスタについて説明する。
有機トランジスタは、通常、ソース電極、ドレイン電極、ゲート電極、ゲート絶縁層、及び有機半導体層を有してなるものであり、各電極や各層の配置によって種々のタイプの有機トランジスタがあるが、本発明の化合物及び有機半導体材料は有機トランジスタの種類に限定されることなく、何れの有機トランジスタにも使用することが出来る。有機トランジスタの種類については、アルドリッチ社の材料科学の基礎第6号「有機トランジスタの基礎」等を参照することが出来る。
本発明の化合物の特徴は、公知慣用の有機半導体材料用化合物が、TC型で高特性を示しても、BC型でその特性が再現されないのに対し、後記の如く、BC型においても、1cm2/Vs以上の高い移動度を有する。これは、本発明の化合物が、インク液滴を滴下し、そのものを乾燥するだけで、適正な凝集力で、高移動度を与える多結晶膜を形成するためである。
又、有機半導体層は、結晶性を高め半導体特性の向上等を図ることを目的に、必要に応じて、成膜後にアニーリングを実施してもよい。アニーリングの温度は50~200℃が好ましく、70~200℃であると更に好ましく、時間は10分~12時間が好ましく、1時間~10時間がより好ましく、30分~10時間であると更に好ましい。
(実施例1)<化合物(1)の製造>
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ7.89(d,J=Hz,1H),δ7.69(d,J=9.3Hz,1H),δ7.62(s,J=9.0Hz,6H),δ7.40(dd,J=1.8Hz,8.4Hz,1H),δ7.14(dd,J=2.4Hz,9.0Hz,1H),δ7.02(s,J=2.4Hz,1H).
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ87.70-7.67(m,2H),δ7.51(s,1H),δ7.20-7.17(m,1H),δ7.08-7.06(m,2H),δ3.91(s,3H),δ2.74(t,J=7.5Hz,3H),δ1.75-1.64(m,2H),δ1.42-1.24(m,6H),δ0.93-0.86(m,3H).
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ7.71-7.66(m,2H),δ7.44(s,1H),δ7.17(dd,J=1.5Hz,8.4Hz,1H),δ7.08(d,J=2.7Hz,1H),δ7.02(dd,J=2.7Hz,8.7Hz,1H),δ4.20-4.00(br,1H),δ3.80(s,3H),δ2.73(s,J=7.5Hz,2H),δ1.68-1.62(m,2H),δ1.41-1.22(m,6H),δ0.90-0.86(m,3H).
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ7.85-7.72(m,7H),δ7.47-7.23(m,6H),δ2.74(t,J=7.4Hz,2H),δ1.70-1.63(m,2H),δ1.38-1.28(m,6H),δ0.88(t,J=6.9Hz,3H).
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ8.70(s,1H),δ8.68(s,1H),δ8.22(s,1H),δ8.15(s,1H),δ8.06-8.03(m,1H),δ7.98-7.96(m,1H),δ7.92-7.89(m,1H),δ7.67(s,1H),δ7.54-7.51(m,2H),δ7.38(dd,J=1.5Hz,8.4Hz,1H),δ2.82(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),δ1.76-1.70(m,2H),δ1.36-1.24(m,6H),δ0.90(t,J=6.6Hz,3H).
ガラス基板(図1の1に相当)上に金属マスクを用いてアルミニウムを真空蒸着法にて約30nmの厚さで成膜して、ゲート電極を形成した(図1の2に相当)。ここに、パリレン蒸着装置(ラボコーターPDS2010、日本パリレン製)を用いて、ジクロロ-ジパラキシリレン(DPX-C、日本パリレン製)を原料にして、ポリパラクロロキシリレン(パリレンC)薄膜(厚さ500nm)をケミカルベーパーデポジション(CVD)法にて作製し(図1の3に相当)、更に、真空蒸着法によって、金薄膜(厚さ40nm)からなるソース・ドレイン電極をパターン形成した(図1の5と6に相当。チャネル長L(ソース電極-ドレイン電極間隔)を75μm、チャネル幅Wを5.0mmとした)。次に、このようにして得られた基板を、ペンタフルオロチオフェノールの0.1%エタノール溶液に1時間浸漬したのち、窒素ブローで乾燥し、前記化合物(1)の0.4%p-キシレン溶液(有機半導体インク)の液滴0.1μLを、前記ソース・ドレイン電極の間にドロップキャスト(滴下)した後、自然濃縮により乾固させることで、前記化合物(1)よりなる有機半導体層(図1の4に相当)を形成した(有機半導体溶液(インク)液滴の滴下(ドロップキャスト)とその乾燥によって有機半導体層を形成)。
このようにして得られた有機トランジスタについて、半導体特性(移動度)を評価した。半導体特性(移動度)は、ソース電極を接地し、ドレイン電極に-80Vを印加した状態で、デジタルマルチメーター(SMU237、ケースレー製)を用いて、ゲート電極に0から-80V、電圧(Vg)をスイープ印加しながら、ドレイン電極に流れる電流(Id)を測定し、√Id-Vgの傾きから、(式1)を用いて求めた。単位はcm2/V・sである。
評価結果を表1に示した。
<化合物(2)の製造>
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ8.69(s,1H),δ8.67(s,1H),δ8.21(s,1H),δ8.14(s,1H),δ8.09-8.04(m,1H),δ8.03-7.98(m,1H),δ7.91-7.89(m,1H),δ7.66(s,1H),δ7.56-7.48(m,2H),δ7.38(dd,J=1.5Hz,8.4Hz,1H),δ2.82(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),δ1.77-1.69(m,2H),δ1.36-1.24(m,10H),δ0.88(t,J=6.6Hz,3H).
化合物(1)のかわりに、化合物(2)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、有機トランジスタの製造、半導体特性(移動度)の評価を実施した。結果を表1に示す。
(実施例3)
<化合物(3)の製造>
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ8.69(s,1H),δ8.67(s,1H),δ8.21(s,1H),δ8.15(s,1H),δ8.06-8.03(m,1H),δ7.99-7.96(m,1H),δ7.92-7.90(m,1H),δ7.66(s,1H),δ7.54-7.49(m,2H),δ7.38(dd,J=1.5Hz,7.8Hz,1H),δ2.82(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),δ1.77-1.69(m,2H),δ1.42-1.18(m,14H),δ0.88(t,J=6.6Hz,3H).
化合物(1)のかわりに、化合物(3)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、有機トランジスタの製造、半導体特性(移動度)の評価を実施した。結果を表1に示す。
<化合物(4)の製造>
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ8.70(s,1H),δ8.66(s,1H),δ8.22(s,1H),δ8.18(s,1H),δ8.07-8.04(m,1H),δ7.92-7.90(m,1H),δ7.84-7.81(m,2H),δ7.56-7.49(m,2H),δ7.40(dd,J=1.7Hz,8.3Hz,1H),δ2.83(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),δ1.78-1.70(m,2H),δ1.42-1.28(m,6H),δ0.90(t,J=6.6Hz,3H).
化合物(1)のかわりに、化合物(4)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、有機トランジスタの製造、半導体特性(移動度)の評価を実施した。結果を表1に示す。
(実施例5)
<化合物(5)の製造>
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ7.96(s,1H),δ7.82(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),δ7.71(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),δ7.53(dd,J=1.8Hz,8.7Hz,1H),δ7.41(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.26(dd,J=2.4Hz,9.0Hz,1H),δ3.48(s,3H),δ3.40(s,3H).
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ7.84(m,1H),δ7.73-7.61(m,3H),δ7.45(dd,J=1.8Hz,8.7Hz,1H),δ7.33(dd,J=1.8Hz,8.7Hz,1H),δ3.62(s,1H).
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ7.86(s,1H),δ7.82(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),δ7.76-7.61(m,5H),δ7.52-7.46(m,2H),δ7.40-7.32(m,3H),δ2.74(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),δ1.73-1.62(m,2H),δ1.41-1.25(m,6H),δ0.88(t,J=6.9Hz,3H).
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ8.64(s,1H),δ8.61(s,1H),δ8.13(s,1H),δ8.09(s,1H),δ8.04(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),δ7.95(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),δ7.89(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),δ7.65(s,1H),δ7.56(dd,J=1.8Hz,9.0Hz,1H),δ7.38(dd,J=1.8Hz,8.4Hz,1H),δ2.81(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),δ1.49-1.68(m,2H),δ1.38-1.26(m,6H),δ0.90(t,J=6.9Hz,3H).
反応液にCHCl350mLを加え、水洗した後、硫酸マグネシウムで有機相を乾燥、溶媒を留去した。得られた粗製物をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(シクロヘキサン)で分離精製することで、化合物(5)たる3-ヘキシル-9-((4-ペンチルフェニル)エチニル)ジナフト[2,3-b:2’,3’-d]チオフェン0.043mg(収率、37%)を得た。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ8.68(s,1H),δ8.65(s,1H),δ8.18(s,1H),δ8.15(s,1H),δ8.09(s,1H),δ8.02-7.96(m,2H),δ7.67(s,1H),δ7.60(dd,J=1.5Hz,8.4Hz,1H),δ7.51(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),δ7.39(dd,J=1.8Hz,8.4Hz,1H),δ7.20(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),δ2.82(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),δ2.64(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),δ1.77-1.61(m,4H),δ1.43-1.27(m,10H),δ0.93-0.87(m,6H).
化合物(1)のかわりに、化合物(5)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、有機トランジスタの製造、半導体特性(移動度)の評価を実施した。結果を表1に示す。
<化合物(6)の製造法>
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ8.66(s,1H),δ8.65(s,1H),δ8.17(s,1H),δ8.14(s,1H),δ8.09(s,1H),δ8.01-7.95(m,2H),δ7.66(s,1H),δ7.61(dd,J=1.5Hz,8.5Hz,1H),δ7.51(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),δ7.40(dd,J=1.8Hz,8.5Hz,1H),δ7.20(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),δ2.82(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),δ2.64(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),δ1.79-1.58(m,4H),δ1.43-1.28(m,16H),δ0.92-0.87(m,6H).
化合物(1)のかわりに、化合物(6)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、有機トランジスタの製造、半導体特性(移動度)の評価を実施した。結果を表1に示す。
<化合物(7)の製造法>
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ8.66(s,1H),δ8.65(s,1H),δ8.17(s,1H),δ8.14(s,1H),δ8.07(s,1H),δ8.01-7.96(m,2H),δ7.67(s,1H),δ7.57(d,8.4Hz,1H),δ7.39(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),δ7.15(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),δ6.70(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),δ2.82(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),δ2.52(s,3H),δ1.76-1.70(m,2H),δ1.44-1.28(m,6H),δ0.93-0.87(m,3H).
化合物(1)のかわりに、化合物(7)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、有機トランジスタの製造、半導体特性(移動度)の評価を実施した。結果を表1に示す。
<化合物(179)の製造法>
国際公開第2013/125599号パンフレットに記載の合成方法に従って、一般式(179)で表される化合物を得た。
化合物(1)のかわりに、化合物(179)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、有機トランジスタの製造、半導体特性(移動度)の評価を実施した。結果を表1に示す。
<化合物(180)の製造法>
比較例1において、2-ヘキシル-7-メトキシナフタレンを、2-デシル-7-メトキシナフタレンに変更した以外は比較例1に準拠して、一般式(180)で表される化合物を得た。
化合物(1)のかわりに、化合物(180)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、有機トランジスタの製造、半導体特性(移動度)の評価を実施した。結果を表1に示す。
Claims (13)
- 前記R1~R12が、水素原子、非環式又は環式の炭素原子数1~20のアルキル基(当該アルキル基中の-CH2-が、酸素原子、硫黄原子および窒素原子が各々直接結合しないように、-O-、-R’C=CR’-、-CO-、-OCO-、-COO-、-S-、-SO2-、-SO-、-NH-、-NR’-又は-C≡C-で置換されてよく、該アルキル基中の水素原子は、芳香族基、ハロゲノ基、又はニトリル基によって置換されていてもよい(但し、R’は炭素原子数1~20の非環式又は環式アルキル基を表す。)。)、ハロゲノ基、芳香族基(当該芳香族基は、非環式又は環式の炭素原子数1~20のアルキル基、ハロゲノ基、芳香族基、又はニトリル基で置換されていてもよく、当該アルキル基中の-CH2-が、酸素原子、硫黄原子および窒素原子が各々直接結合しないように、-O-、-CR’’=CR’’-、-CO-、-OCO-、-COO-、-S-、-SO2-、-SO-、-NH-、-NR’’-又は-C≡C-で置換されてよく、該アルキル基中の水素原子は、芳香族基、ハロゲノ基、又はニトリル基によって置換されていてもよい(但し、R’’は炭素原子数1~20の非環式又は環式アルキル基を表す。)。)、ニトロ基、又はニトリル基である、請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記R1~R12について、R1とR12は互いに同じであるか異なり、R2とR11は互いに同じであるか異なり、R3とR10は互いに同じであるか異なり、R4とR9は互いに同じであるか異なり、R5とR8は互いに同じであるか異なり、R6とR7は互いに同じであるか異なるが、R1とR12、R2とR11、R3とR10、R4とR9、R5とR8、R6とR7、の6組の組み合わせのうち、少なくとも一つの組み合わせは互いに異なる、請求項1又は2に記載の製造方法。
- 一般式(E)で表されるジナフトチオフェン誘導体。ただし、化合物(E-a)、化合物(E-b)、化合物(E-c)、化合物(E-d)、化合物(E-e)、化合物(E-f)、化合物(E-g)、化合物(E-h)、化合物(E-i)、化合物(E-j)、化合物(E-k)、および化合物(E-L)を除く。
(式中、R21~R32は、水素原子、又は任意の置換基であって、R21とR32は互いに同じであるか異なり、R22とR31は互いに同じであるか異なり、R23とR30は互いに同じであるか異なり、R24とR29は互いに同じであるか異なり、R25とR28は互いに同じであるか異なり、R26とR27は互いに同じであるか異なるが、R21とR32、R22とR31、R23とR30、R24とR29、R25とR28、R26とR27、の6組の組み合わせのうち、少なくとも一つの組み合わせは互いに異なる。)
(Alk1およびAlk2は炭素原子数1~30の直鎖アルキル基を表す。)
(Acはアセチル基を表し、Tは任意の置換基を表す。) - 前記R21~R32が、水素原子、非環式又は環式の炭素原子数1~20のアルキル基(当該アルキル基中の-CH2-が、酸素原子、硫黄原子および窒素原子が各々直接結合しないように、-O-、-R’C=CR’-、-CO-、-OCO-、-COO-、-S-、-SO2-、-SO-、-NH-、-NR’-又は-C≡C-で置換されてよく、該アルキル基中の水素原子は、芳香族基、ハロゲノ基、又はニトリル基によって置換されていてもよい(但し、R’は炭素原子数1~20の非環式又は環式アルキル基を表す。)。)、ハロゲノ基、芳香族基(当該芳香族基は、非環式又は環式の炭素原子数1~20のアルキル基、ハロゲノ基、芳香族基、又はニトリル基で置換されていてもよく、当該アルキル基中の-CH2-が、酸素原子、硫黄原子および窒素原子が各々直接結合しないように、-O-、-CR’’=CR’’-、-CO-、-OCO-、-COO-、-S-、-SO2-、-SO-、-NH-、-NR’’-又は-C≡C-で置換されてよく、該アルキル基中の水素原子は、芳香族基、ハロゲノ基、又はニトリル基によって置換されていてもよい(但し、R’’は炭素原子数1~20の非環式又は環式アルキル基を表す。)。)、ニトロ基、又はニトリル基である請求項4に記載のジナフトチオフェン誘導体。
- 前記R21~R32が、水素原子、フッ素原子(フルオロ基)、非環式又は環式の炭素原子数1~20のアルキル基、Ph-C≡C*(Phは置換されていてもよいフェニル基を表し、*は結合位置を表す。)、またはTh-C≡C*(Thは置換されていてもよいチエニル基を表し、*は結合位置を表す。)である、請求項4または5に記載のジナフトチオフェン誘導体。
- 前記した置換基に係わる6組の組み合わせ(R21とR32、R22とR31、R23とR30、R24とR29、R25とR28、R26とR27)のうち、少なくとも一つの組み合わせは互いに異なり、且つ、それ以外の組み合わせは互いに同一で水素原子である、請求項4~6のいずれかに記載のジナフトチオフェン誘導体。
- 前記した置換基に係わる6組の組み合わせ(R21とR32、R22とR31、R23とR30、R24とR29、R25とR28、R26とR27)のうち、R21とR32、R22とR31、R25とR28、R26とR27、はいずれも同一で水素原子であり、R23とR30は互いに同じであるか異なり、R24とR29は互いに同じであるか異なるが、R23とR30、R24とR29、の2組の組み合わせのうち、少なくとも一つの組み合わせは互いに異なる、請求項4~6のいずれかに記載のジナフトチオフェン誘導体。
- 請求項4~8のいずれかに記載のジナフトチオフェン誘導体を含有する有機半導体材料。
- 請求項9に記載の有機半導体材料を含有する有機半導体インク。
- 請求項9に記載の有機半導体材料を含有する有機半導体膜。
- 請求項9に記載の有機半導体材料を含有する有機半導体素子。
- 請求項9に記載の有機半導体材料を含有する有機トランジスタ。
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| US20210114988A1 (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2021-04-22 | Sony Corporation | Photoelectric conversion element |
| FR3104588B1 (fr) * | 2019-12-17 | 2021-12-24 | Chryso | Composés fluidifiants pour compositions hydrauliques |
| KR102484343B1 (ko) * | 2021-01-29 | 2023-01-02 | 숙명여자대학교산학협력단 | 고분자-금속유기 단위입자를 코팅한 수정 진동자 센서 및 이의 제조방법 |
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