WO2016125386A1 - スカンジウムの回収方法 - Google Patents
スカンジウムの回収方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016125386A1 WO2016125386A1 PCT/JP2015/084411 JP2015084411W WO2016125386A1 WO 2016125386 A1 WO2016125386 A1 WO 2016125386A1 JP 2015084411 W JP2015084411 W JP 2015084411W WO 2016125386 A1 WO2016125386 A1 WO 2016125386A1
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- scandium
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- oxalate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/26—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
- C22B3/38—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds containing phosphorus
- C22B3/382—Phosphine chalcogenides, e.g. compounds of the formula R3P=X with X = O, S, Se or Te
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B59/00—Obtaining rare earth metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/22—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by physical processes, e.g. by filtration, by magnetic means, or by thermal decomposition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/42—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by ion-exchange extraction
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/44—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by chemical processes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for recovering scandium, and more particularly to a method for recovering scandium as high-purity scandium oxide from a solution containing scandium and iron.
- Scandium is an extremely useful element such as a high-strength alloy added to aluminum or magnesium, or used as a stabilizer in an electrolyte of a fuel cell using zirconium.
- scandium Since scandium has a particularly small ionic radius among rare earth elements, it is rarely present in ordinary rare earth minerals and may be present in trace amounts in oxide ores such as aluminum, tin, tungsten, zirconium, iron, and nickel. Are known. However, until now, it has not been widely used because scandium production is small and expensive.
- HPAL high-pressure acid leaching
- scandium in the acidic solution is only contained at a dilute concentration of about several tens mg / L, while impurities such as iron, aluminum, and magnesium are contained at a higher concentration.
- impurities such as iron, aluminum, and magnesium are contained at a higher concentration.
- Patent Document 2 a method as shown in Patent Document 2 is a leaching process in which nickel oxide ore containing scandium, aluminum, and chromium is charged together with sulfuric acid into a pressure vessel and separated into a leaching solution and a leaching residue under high temperature and pressure.
- a neutralization step in which a neutralizing agent is added to the leachate to obtain a neutralized starch and a post-neutralization solution, and a sulfurization agent is added to the post-neutralization solution to separate nickel sulfide and post-sulfurization solution Reverse the process, an ion exchange process for adsorbing scandium by contacting the solution after sulfidation with a chelating resin to obtain a scandium eluent, and a solvent extraction process for obtaining a back extract by contacting the scandium eluent with an extractant.
- This is a scandium recovery method comprising a scandium precipitation step of obtaining a precipitate by adding a neutralizing agent or oxalic acid to an extract, and a roasting step of obtaining scandium oxide by drying and baking the precipitate.
- a neutralizing agent or oxalic acid is added to a solution containing scandium to obtain a precipitate of scandium hydroxide or scandium oxalate.
- impurity metals such as aluminum and iron contained in the crystallize at the same time, it becomes difficult to selectively separate scandium.
- the obtained scandium hydroxide is in the form of a gel, there is a problem that handling properties are poor, such as time-consuming filtration.
- oxalic acid oxidation the reaction obtained by adding oxalic acid ((COOH) 2 ) to form scandium oxalate (hereinafter simply referred to as “oxalic acid oxidation”) has few advantages in handling properties such as filterability.
- Patent Document 3 discloses that a low-purity scandium compound-containing aqueous solution is adjusted to a pH in the range of 0.5 to 4.0, oxalic acid (salt) is added, and scandium is recovered as scandium oxalate.
- a method for producing high-purity scandium triflate is disclosed in which scandium oxide is baked to form scandium oxide, and scandium oxide is dissolved and reacted with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid to obtain a scandium triflate aqueous solution.
- an oxidizing agent such as hydrogen peroxide is used so that the redox potential (ORP) of the solution is about 700 mV at a potential with a silver-silver chloride electrode as a reference electrode.
- ORP redox potential
- Such a method of generating iron (III) oxide oxide can exert a sufficient effect when the iron ion concentration is low with respect to the scandium concentration.
- a large amount of oxidant must be added accordingly.
- an oxidizing agent having a strong oxidizing power such as hydrogen peroxide and ozone is required, which increases the cost and various durability such as equipment durability and handling safety. Problems arise.
- the addition of the oxidizing agent is insufficient, oxalate precipitation occurs, resulting in a decrease in scandium quality, resulting in unstable operation.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a scandium recovery method capable of recovering scandium as scandium.
- the present inventors have made extensive studies to solve the above-described problems. As a result, by adding a scandium-containing solution adjusted to a specific pH range into the oxalic acid solution filled in the reaction vessel, high-quality scandium oxalate crystals can be precipitated and roasted. By doing so, it was found that high-purity scandium oxide can be obtained. That is, the present invention provides the following.
- the pH of a solution containing scandium and iron is adjusted to a range of ⁇ 0.5 or more and less than 1, and then the solution after pH adjustment is It is a method for recovering scandium characterized in that it is added to an acid solution to obtain scandium oxalate, and the scandium oxalate is roasted to obtain scandium oxide.
- the scandium-containing solution is obtained by subjecting a solution containing scandium to an ion exchange treatment and a solvent extraction treatment. This is a characteristic scandium recovery method.
- the scandium recovery method according to the present embodiment is a method of recovering scandium as scandium oxide from an acidic solution containing scandium and iron.
- the pH of a solution containing scandium and iron (hereinafter also referred to as “scandium-containing solution”) is adjusted to a range of ⁇ 0.5 or more and less than 1. Subsequently, the scandium-containing solution after pH adjustment is added to the oxalic acid solution to obtain scandium oxalate, and the obtained scandium oxalate is roasted to obtain scandium oxide.
- the solution containing scandium and iron (scandium-containing solution), after separating nickel by sulfidation using a sulfiding agent, the leachate obtained by high-pressure acid leaching (HPAL) treatment of nickel oxide ore
- HPAL high-pressure acid leaching
- a solution obtained by separating and concentrating impurities by ion exchange treatment and solvent extraction treatment can be used for the solution after sulfidation.
- scandium can remain in the solution, and nickel and scandium can be effectively separated.
- an oxalate salt that effectively separates impurities, particularly iron, that is, scandium oxalate crystals are obtained. Obtained (crystallization step (oxidation step)), and the crystals are roasted to obtain high purity scandium oxide (roasting step).
- the oxalic acid solution filled in the reaction vessel is used instead of adding the oxalic acid solution to the scandium-containing solution as in the prior art in the crystallization step for performing the oxalic oxidation treatment. It is characterized in that crystals of scandium oxalate are obtained by a so-called reverse addition method in which a scandium-containing solution whose pH is adjusted to a specific range is added. By producing scandium oxalate crystals based on such a method, high-purity scandium can be obtained without using an oxidizing agent.
- Nickel oxide ore hydrometallurgical process In the scandium recovery method according to the present embodiment, as described above, as a solution containing scandium and iron (a scandium-containing solution), nickel is sulfided from the leachate obtained by high-pressure acid leaching of nickel oxide ore. A solution from which impurities have been removed by performing ion exchange treatment or solvent extraction treatment on the solution separated as a product can be used. Below, the hydrometallurgical process of the nickel oxide ore for obtaining the scandium containing solution used as a starting material is demonstrated first.
- FIG. 1 is a flow diagram showing the flow of a hydrometallurgical process for nickel oxide ore.
- the nickel oxide ore hydrometallurgical process includes a leaching step S11 in which nickel oxide ore is leached with sulfuric acid under high temperature and high pressure to obtain a leaching slurry, and the leaching slurry is converted into a leaching solution and a leaching residue.
- a sulfiding step S14 for obtaining nickel sulfide and a solution after sulfiding.
- Leaching step S11 for example, using a high-temperature pressurized container (autoclave) or the like, sulfuric acid is added to the nickel oxide ore slurry and high-pressure steam and high-pressure air are supplied.
- This is a step of performing a stirring treatment at a temperature to produce a leach slurry comprising a leach solution containing nickel and a leach residue containing hematite. Scandium is included in the leachate together with nickel.
- nickel oxide ore examples include so-called laterite ores such as limonite ore and saprolite ore.
- Laterite ore usually has a nickel content of 0.8 to 2.5% by weight and is contained as a hydroxide or siliceous clay (magnesium silicate) mineral.
- These nickel oxide ores contain scandium.
- the solid-liquid separation step S12 is a step in which the leaching slurry generated in the leaching step S11 described above is washed in multiple stages to separate the leaching solution containing nickel and cobalt from the leaching residue that is hematite. It is.
- the leaching slurry is mixed with the cleaning liquid, and then subjected to solid-liquid separation using a solid-liquid separation device such as a thickener. Specifically, the slurry is first diluted with a cleaning solution and then the leach residue in the slurry is concentrated as a thickener sediment. Thereby, the nickel content adhering to the leaching residue can be reduced according to the degree of dilution. In actual operation, thickeners having such functions are connected in multiple stages.
- Neutralization process S13 is a process which adjusts pH by adding a neutralizing agent to a leaching solution, and obtains the neutralized starch containing an impurity element, and the liquid after neutralization.
- valuable metals such as nickel, cobalt, and scandium are included in the post-neutralization solution, and most of impurities including aluminum become neutralized starch.
- a known neutralizer can be used, and examples thereof include limestone, slaked lime, and sodium hydroxide.
- the neutralization treatment it is preferable to adjust the pH to a range of 1 to 4 while suppressing the oxidation of the separated leachate, and it is more preferable to adjust the pH to a range of 1.5 to 2.5. preferable. If the pH is less than 1, neutralization becomes insufficient, and there is a possibility that the neutralized starch and the liquid after neutralization cannot be separated. On the other hand, when the pH exceeds 4, not only impurities such as aluminum but also valuable metals such as scandium and nickel may be contained in the neutralized starch.
- Sulfurization process Sulfurization process S14 is a process which adds a sulfidizing agent to the post-neutralization liquid obtained by neutralization process S13 mentioned above, and obtains nickel sulfide and a post-sulfurization liquid.
- a sulfidizing agent to the post-neutralization liquid obtained by neutralization process S13 mentioned above, and obtains nickel sulfide and a post-sulfurization liquid.
- a sulfide (nickel) containing nickel with a small amount of impurity components is blown into the obtained post-neutralized solution by blowing a sulfidizing agent such as hydrogen sulfide gas, sodium sulfide or sodium hydrogen sulfide.
- a sulfidizing agent such as hydrogen sulfide gas, sodium sulfide or sodium hydrogen sulfide.
- Sulfide and a post-sulfurization solution containing scandium and the like by stabilizing the nickel concentration at a low level.
- the nickel sulfide slurry is separated using a sedimentation separator such as a thickener to separate and recover the nickel sulfide from the bottom of the thickener, while the aqueous solution component sulfurized overflows. And collect.
- a sedimentation separator such as a thickener
- a post-sulfurization solution that is a sulfuric acid acidic solution obtained through each step in the above-described nickel oxide ore hydrometallurgical process is recovered,
- a solution (a solution containing scandium and iron) obtained by subjecting the liquid to an ion exchange treatment and a solvent extraction treatment described later is used as a starting material to produce scandium oxide.
- Ion exchange treatment The solution after sulfidation contains aluminum, chromium and the like as impurities. Therefore, when recovering scandium in the solution as scandium oxide, it is preferable to remove the impurities and concentrate the scandium.
- Examples of the method for concentrating scandium include a method by ion exchange treatment using a chelate resin.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an example of a flow of ion exchange processing performed by an ion exchange reaction using a chelate resin.
- FIG. 2 also shows the flow until the scandium eluent obtained by the ion exchange treatment is subjected to the solvent extraction treatment.
- the scandium in the post-sulfurization solution is obtained by bringing the post-sulfurization solution obtained through the sulfidation step S14 (FIG. 1) in the nickel oxide ore hydrometallurgy process into contact with the chelate resin. It is adsorbed on a chelate resin to obtain a scandium (Sc) eluent.
- each process of an ion exchange process For example, as shown in FIG. 2, adsorption
- Examples include those having a chromium removal step S24 in which sulfuric acid is brought into contact with the chelate resin thus passed and the chromium adsorbed on the chelate resin in the adsorption step S21 is removed. The outline of each process will be described below.
- the sulfurized solution is brought into contact with the chelate resin to adsorb scandium to the chelate resin.
- the type of chelate resin is not particularly limited, and for example, a resin having iminodiacetic acid as a functional group can be used.
- Al removal step S22 0.1 N or less sulfuric acid is brought into contact with the chelate resin that has adsorbed scandium in the adsorption step S21 to remove aluminum adsorbed on the chelate resin.
- [Scandium elution step] sulfuric acid of 0.3N or more and less than 3N is brought into contact with the chelate resin that has undergone the aluminum removal step S22 to obtain a scandium eluent.
- the normality of sulfuric acid used in the eluent is preferably maintained in the range of 0.3N to less than 3N, and more preferably maintained in the range of 0.5N to less than 2N.
- chromium removal process In the chromium removal step S24, 3N or more sulfuric acid is brought into contact with the chelate resin that has undergone the scandium elution step S23 to remove chromium adsorbed on the chelate resin.
- the normality of sulfuric acid used in the eluent is less than 3N, it is not preferable because chromium is not properly removed from the chelate resin.
- a scandium eluent in which scandium is concentrated by removing impurities such as aluminum and chromium can be obtained.
- concentration of the scandium eluent can be increased by repeating the same ion exchange treatment again for the obtained scandium eluent.
- the concentration of scandium recovered can be increased by repeating the same ion exchange treatment again for the obtained scandium eluent.
- the concentration of scandium recovered can be increased even if the number of repetitions is too large. Is preferred.
- the solvent extraction treatment comprises scandium by bringing the scandium (Sc) eluent obtained through the above-described ion exchange treatment into contact with the extractant and adding the back extractant to the obtained extract.
- a back extract is obtained.
- the extraction process S31 which mixes a scandium eluent and an extractant, and isolate
- a scrubbing step S32 in which an organic solvent is mixed with a hydrochloric acid solution or a sulfuric acid solution to separate impurities from the organic solvent after extraction to obtain an organic solvent after washing;
- the purity of scandium contained in the scandium eluent can be further increased by performing the solvent extraction treatment.
- extraction process S31 a scandium eluent and the organic solvent containing an extractant are mixed, and scandium is selectively extracted in an organic solvent.
- the solvation extractant containing phosphorus specifically, what uses trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) as a functional group.
- TOPO trioctylphosphine oxide
- Trioctyl phosphine oxide includes various trialkyl phosphine oxides having different alkyl chains, and any of them can be suitably used.
- a hydrochloric acid solution or a sulfuric acid solution can be used as the solution (cleaning solution) used for scrubbing.
- a hydrochloric acid solution a concentration range of 2.0 mol / L or more and 9.0 mol / L or less is preferable, and when using a sulfuric acid solution, a concentration range of 3.5 mol / L or more and 9.0 mol / L or less is preferable.
- back extraction process In the back extraction step S33, scandium is back extracted from the organic solvent from which scandium has been extracted.
- water or a low-concentration acid solution is mixed with an organic solvent as a back-extraction solution (back-extraction starting solution) to advance a reaction reverse to the reaction during extraction, and scandium is A liquid after back extraction (back extract) is obtained.
- the back extraction starting solution may be water, but phase separation from the organic phase may be poor. Therefore, it is preferable to use a low-concentration acid solution as the back extraction start solution.
- a sulfuric acid solution having a concentration of less than about 3.5 mol / L is used.
- Oxidation treatment> Using the scandium-containing solution, which is a back extract obtained through the solvent extraction process described above, an oxalic acid oxidation process using scandium as oxalate (scandium oxalate) is performed. Thus, by using scandium as an oxalate, handling properties such as filterability can be improved, and scandium can be efficiently recovered.
- an oxidant is used to prevent precipitation of iron (II) oxalate based on divalent iron ions contained in the scandium-containing solution (oxalate oxidation starting solution).
- a method of adding an oxalic acid solution to an oxidized solution by controlling the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and adding an oxalic acid solution has been used. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, for example, first, an oxidizing agent such as hydrogen peroxide is added to a scandium-containing solution that is an oxidation starter solution to oxidize the ORP by controlling it to a predetermined value ( Pretreatment step).
- divalent iron ions are oxidized to trivalent iron ions.
- an oxalic acid solution is added to the ORP-controlled solution to crystallize scandium oxalate (crystallization step).
- the crystallized scandium oxalate can be recovered by filtration and washing treatment (filtration and washing step).
- the present inventor confirmed that a large amount of “oxalic acid solution” filled in the reaction vessel (reaction tank) even when the concentration of iron as an impurity in the oxalic oxidation starting solution (scandium-containing solution) was high.
- the concentration of iron as an impurity in the oxalic oxidation starting solution scandium-containing solution
- the present inventor confirmed that a large amount of “oxalic acid solution” filled in the reaction vessel (reaction tank) even when the concentration of iron as an impurity in the oxalic oxidation starting solution (scandium-containing solution) was high.
- the concentration of iron as an impurity in the oxalic oxidation starting solution scandium-containing solution
- the pH of the solution containing scandium and iron is adjusted to a range of ⁇ 0.5 or more and less than 1, and then the pH is adjusted.
- the solution is added to an oxalic acid solution filled in a reaction vessel to produce scandium oxalate.
- FIG. 4 shows a flow chart of the oxidation treatment in the present embodiment.
- the pH adjustment step S41 for adjusting the scandium-containing solution to a specific pH range that is, a range of ⁇ 0.5 or more and less than 1, and a solution that has been adjusted and maintained in pH (oxalic oxidation)
- a strongly acidic pH adjuster such as sulfuric acid is added to the scandium-containing solution containing scandium and iron to adjust the pH of the solution to a range of ⁇ 0.5 or more and less than 1.
- the pH of the solution becomes 1 or more, precipitation of impurities such as divalent iron ions and aluminum ions contained in the solution may occur.
- the solubility of scandium oxalate crystallized in the next crystallization step S42 increases, and the amount obtained as crystals decreases. Yield decreases.
- a scandium-containing solution (oxalic acid starting solution) whose pH is controlled and maintained in the range of ⁇ 0.5 or more and less than 1 is added to the oxalic acid solution.
- the oxalic acid solution is accommodated in the reaction vessel, and then the scandium-containing solution whose pH is controlled is added to the oxalic acid solution filled in the reaction vessel.
- the method for adding the scandium-containing solution is important. Instead of adding the oxalic acid solution to the scandium-containing solution as in the prior art, the scandium “into the oxalic acid solution” is used. It is characterized by adding the contained solution.
- scandium oxide is obtained by roasting scandium oxalate crystals obtained by performing the oxidation treatment as described above.
- the roasting treatment is a treatment in which the scandium oxalate crystals obtained by the oxalic oxidation treatment are washed with water and dried and then roasted. By undergoing this roasting treatment, scandium can be recovered as scandium oxide.
- a scandium-containing solution adjusted to a specific pH range is added to the “oxalic acid solution” to precipitate scandium oxalate crystals. Crystals in which impurities such as iron (II) formation are suppressed can be precipitated. Therefore, high purity scandium oxide can be obtained by roasting such scandium oxalate crystals.
- the conditions for the roasting treatment are not particularly limited.
- the baking may be performed in a tubular furnace at about 900 ° C. for about 2 hours.
- a continuous furnace such as a rotary kiln because drying and roasting can be performed in the same apparatus.
- Example 1 A nickel oxide ore was used as a raw material for a known HPAL process to obtain a leachate in which nickel and scandium were leached. Slaked lime slurry was added to the obtained leachate to separate impurities. Subsequently, hydrogen sulfide gas was added as a sulfiding agent to the leachate from which impurities were separated, and a sulfiding treatment was performed to separate nickel as a sulfide.
- the solution after sulfurization treatment (the solution after sulfurization) was adsorbed on a chelate resin having iminodiacetic acid as a functional group to perform a known ion exchange treatment. Furthermore, using the scandium eluent obtained by this ion exchange treatment, a known solvent extraction treatment using an extractant having trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) as a functional group was performed. The scandium in the solution was concentrated by a method combining such ion exchange treatment and solvent extraction treatment to obtain a scandium-containing solution having the composition shown in Table 1 below. As shown in Table 1, the scandium-containing solution contains impurities such as iron and aluminum in addition to scandium to be collected.
- TOPO trioctylphosphine oxide
- the pH-adjusted scandium-containing solution was added to a reaction tank filled with an oxalic acid solution having an oxalic acid concentration of 100 g / L, and reacted for 1 hour with stirring (oxalic oxidation treatment).
- the amount of oxalic acid ((COOH) 2 ) required to convert scandium (Sc) to scandium oxalate (Sc 2 (C 2 O 4 )) is defined as 1 equivalent.
- the amount of the oxalic acid solution satisfying the above is in the range of 1.4 to 2.0 equivalents of scandium contained in the added scandium-containing solution, that is, 1.4, 1.6, 1.7, 2.0. Changed in equivalents.
- the resulting precipitate was filtered to separate a starch and a filtrate.
- the separated starch was washed with pure water and vacuum dried to obtain scandium oxalate crystals.
- the obtained scandium oxalate crystal was put into a tubular furnace and baked by a known method to obtain scandium oxide (Sc 2 O 3 ).
- Example 1 in each scandium oxide, the iron grade can be suppressed to 43 ppm or less and the aluminum grade to 13 ppm or less, and high purity scandium oxide exceeding the grade 99.9% is obtained. I was able to.
- Example 2 After adjusting the pH of the solution to 0.5 using the same scandium-containing solution (composition of Table 1) as in Example 1, the amount was adjusted to be 1.5 equivalents of scandium contained in the scandium-containing solution. The scandium-containing solution was added into the oxalic acid solution.
- FIG. 5 shows a graph of the measurement results of the impurity concentration and the scandium quality with respect to the oxalic acid addition amount (Sc equivalent) for the scandium oxide obtained in Examples 1 and 2.
- Comparative Example 1 Using the same scandium-containing solution (composition of Table 1) as in Example 1, hydrogen peroxide was added to the solution, and at room temperature until the ORP exceeded 700 mV at a potential with a silver-silver chloride electrode as a reference electrode. Oxidation treatment was performed. In Comparative Example 1, since hydrogen peroxide, which is an expensive oxidant, was used for the oxidation treatment, the total cost of scandium recovery increased.
- reaction solution was filled with the scandium-containing solution after the oxidation treatment, and an oxalic acid solution having the same concentration as in Example 1 was added to the scandium in the scandium-containing solution at 1.5, 1.6, 1.7. It added in the quantity used as an equivalent, and stirred for 1 hour (oxalic oxidation process (flow figure of FIG. 3)).
- FIG. 6 shows a graph of measurement results of impurity concentration and scandium quality with respect to the amount of oxalic acid added for scandium oxide obtained in Comparative Example 1.
- Comparative Example 2 In Comparative Example 2, the same scandium-containing solution as in Example 1 (composition shown in Table 1) was used, and the pH of the solution was kept at 1 and pH adjustment was not performed. Otherwise, the same method as in Example 1 was used. The scandium-containing solution is added to 1.3, 1.6, 1.8, 2.1, and 3.4 equivalents of each oxalic acid solution with respect to the scandium in the scandium-containing solution, and the oxalic oxidation treatment is performed. went. The obtained scandium oxalate crystals were roasted to obtain scandium oxide. In the same manner as in Example 1, the metal concentration of the obtained scandium oxide was measured. Table 5 shows the measurement results. In Table 5, “-” indicates that no analysis was performed.
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Abstract
Description
本実施の形態に係るスカンジウムの回収方法は、スカンジウムと鉄とを含有する酸性溶液から、酸化スカンジウムとしてスカンジウムを回収する方法である。
本実施の形態に係るスカンジウムの回収方法について、図面を参照しながら各工程について具体的に説明する。
本実施の形態に係るスカンジウムの回収方法では、上述したように、スカンジウムと鉄とを含有する溶液(スカンジウム含有溶液)として、ニッケル酸化鉱を高圧酸浸出処理して得られた浸出液からニッケルを硫化物として分離した後の溶液に対して、イオン交換処理や溶媒抽出処理を行うことによって不純物を除去した溶液を用いることができる。以下では先ず、出発原料とするスカンジウム含有溶液を得るための、ニッケル酸化鉱の湿式製錬プロセスについて説明する。
浸出工程S11は、例えば高温加圧容器(オートクレーブ)等を用いて、ニッケル酸化鉱のスラリーに硫酸を添加するとともに高圧蒸気と高圧空気を供給して、240℃~260℃の温度下で攪拌処理を施し、ニッケルを含有する浸出液とヘマタイトを含む浸出残渣とからなる浸出スラリーを生成させる工程である。なお、スカンジウムは、ニッケルと共に浸出液に含まれる。
固液分離工程S12は、上述した浸出工程S11で生成した浸出スラリーを多段洗浄して、ニッケル及びコバルトを含む浸出液と、ヘマタイトである浸出残渣とを固液分離する工程である。
中和工程S13は、浸出液に中和剤を添加してpHを調整し、不純物元素を含む中和澱物と中和後液とを得る工程である。この中和工程S13における中和処理により、ニッケルやコバルト、スカンジウム等の有価金属は中和後液に含まれるようになり、アルミニウムをはじめとした不純物の大部分が中和澱物となる。
硫化工程S14は、上述した中和工程S13により得られた中和後液に硫化剤を添加してニッケル硫化物と、硫化後液とを得る工程である。この硫化工程S14における硫化処理により、ニッケル、コバルト、亜鉛等は硫化物となって回収され、スカンジウム等は硫化後液に残留することになる。したがって、このニッケル酸化鉱の湿式製錬プロセスにおける硫化処理により、ニッケルとスカンジウムとを効果的に分離することができる。
本実施の形態に係るスカンジウムの回収方法においては、スカンジウムと鉄とを含有する溶液として、ニッケル酸化鉱の湿式製錬プロセスの硫化工程を経て得られた硫化後液に対してイオン交換処理及び溶媒抽出処理を施して得られた溶液を用いることができる。このように、硫化後液に対してイオン交換処理及び溶媒抽出処理を施すことで、不純物を分離除去することができ、スカンジウムを濃縮させることができる。以下では、イオン交換処理、溶媒抽出処理についてそれぞれ説明する。
硫化後液には、不純物としてアルミニウムやクロム等が含まれている。このことから、溶液中のスカンジウムを酸化スカンジウムとして回収するにあたり、それら不純物を除去してスカンジウムを濃縮させることが好ましい。スカンジウムを濃縮させる方法としては、キレート樹脂を使用したイオン交換処理による方法が挙げられる。
吸着工程S21では、硫化後液をキレート樹脂に接触させてスカンジウムをキレート樹脂に吸着させる。キレート樹脂の種類は特に限定されず、例えばイミノジ酢酸を官能基とする樹脂を用いることができる。
アルミニウム除去工程S22では、吸着工程S21でスカンジウムを吸着したキレート樹脂に0.1N以下の硫酸を接触させ、キレート樹脂に吸着したアルミニウムを除去する。なお、アルミニウムを除去する際、pHを1以上2.5以下の範囲に維持することが好ましく、1.5以上2.0以下の範囲に維持することがより好ましい。
スカンジウム溶離工程S23では、アルミニウム除去工程S22を経たキレート樹脂に0.3N以上3N未満の硫酸を接触させ、スカンジウム溶離液を得る。スカンジウム溶離液を得るに際して、溶離液に用いる硫酸の規定度を0.3N以上3N未満の範囲に維持することが好ましく、0.5N以上2N未満の範囲に維持することがより好ましい。
クロム除去工程S24では、スカンジウム溶離工程S23を経たキレート樹脂に3N以上の硫酸を接触させ、キレート樹脂に吸着したクロムを除去する。クロムを除去する際に、溶離液に用いる硫酸の規定度が3Nを下回ると、クロムが適切にキレート樹脂から除去されないため、好ましくない。
溶媒抽出処理は、上述したイオン交換処理を経て得られたスカンジウム(Sc)溶離液を抽出剤に接触させ、得られた抽出液に逆抽出剤を加えることでスカンジウムを含む逆抽出物を得る。溶媒抽出処理の態様(各工程)としては特に限定されないが、スカンジウム溶離液と抽出剤とを混合し、スカンジウムを抽出した抽出後有機溶媒と抽残液とに分離する抽出工程S31と、抽出後有機溶媒に塩酸溶液又は硫酸溶液を混合して抽出後有機溶媒から不純物を分離して洗浄後有機溶媒を得るスクラビング工程S32と、洗浄後有機溶媒に逆抽出始液を混合し、洗浄後有機溶媒からスカンジウムを逆抽出して逆抽出液を得る逆抽出工程S33とを有するものを例示できる。このように、溶媒抽出処理を行うことで、スカンジウム溶離液に含まれるスカンジウムの純度をよりいっそう高めることができる。
抽出工程S31では、スカンジウム溶離液と、抽出剤を含む有機溶媒とを混合して、有機溶媒中にスカンジウムを選択的に抽出する。抽出剤としては、特に限定されないが、スカンジウムとの選択性から、リンを含む溶媒和抽出剤、具体的にはトリオクチルホスフィンオキシド(TOPO)を官能基とするものを用いることが好ましい。トリオクチルホスフィンオキシドには、アルキル鎖が異なる種々のトリアルキルホスフィンオキシド類が存在するが、何れのものであっても好適に使用することができる。なお、抽出時は、例えば炭化水素系の有機溶媒等で希釈して使用することが好ましい。
必須の態様ではないが、抽出液を逆抽出する前に、有機溶媒(有機相)にスクラビング(洗浄)処理を施し、不純物元素を水相に分離して抽出剤から除去することが好ましい(スクラビング工程S32)。
逆抽出工程S33では、スカンジウムを抽出した有機溶媒からスカンジウムを逆抽出する。この逆抽出工程S33では、有機溶媒に、水又は低濃度の酸溶液を逆抽出溶液(逆抽出始液)として用いて混合することで抽出時における反応とは逆の反応を進行させ、スカンジウムを含む逆抽出後液(逆抽出物)を得る。
上述した溶媒抽出処理を経て得られた逆抽出物であるスカンジウム含有溶液を用いて、スカンジウムをシュウ酸塩(シュウ酸スカンジウム)とするシュウ酸化処理を行う。このようにスカンジウムをシュウ酸塩とすることによって、濾過性等のハンドリング性を向上させることができ、スカンジウムを効率的に回収することができる。
本実施の形態においては、上述のようにしてシュウ酸化処理を行って得られたシュウ酸スカンジウムの結晶を焙焼することによって酸化スカンジウムとする。
ニッケル酸化鉱を原料として公知のHPALプロセスに供してニッケルやスカンジウムを浸出させた浸出液を得た。得られた浸出液に消石灰スラリーを添加して不純物を分離した。次いで、不純物を分離した浸出液に硫化剤として硫化水素ガスを添加して硫化処理を施し、ニッケルを硫化物として分離した。
実施例1と同じスカンジウム含有溶液(表1の組成)を用いて溶液のpHを0.5に調整した後に、そのスカンジウム含有溶液に含まれるスカンジウムの1.5当量となるように量を調整したシュウ酸溶液の中に、そのスカンジウム含有溶液を添加した。
実施例1と同じスカンジウム含有溶液(表1の組成)を用い、その溶液に対して過酸化水素を添加し、ORPが銀-塩化銀電極を参照電極とする電位で700mVを超えるまで室温下で酸化処理を施した。なお、この比較例1では、酸化処理のために高価な酸化剤である過酸化水素を使用したため、スカンジウム回収の総コストが増加した。
比較例2では、実施例1と同じスカンジウム含有溶液(表1の組成)を用い、その溶液のpHを1のままとしてpH調整を行わず、それ以外は実施例1と同様の方法を用いて、スカンジウム含有溶液中のスカンジウムに対して1.3、1.6、1.8、2.1、3.4当量のそれぞれのシュウ酸溶液の中にスカンジウム含有溶液を添加してシュウ酸化処理を行った。そして、得られたシュウ酸スカンジウムの結晶を焙焼し、酸化スカンジウムを得た。実施例1と同様にして、得られた酸化スカンジウムについて金属濃度を測定した。表5に測定結果を示す。なお、表5中の「-」は未分析であることを示す。
Claims (2)
- スカンジウムと鉄とを含有する溶液(スカンジウム含有溶液)のpHを-0.5以上1未満の範囲に調整し、次いで、pH調整後の溶液をシュウ酸溶液の中に添加してシュウ酸スカンジウムを得て、該シュウ酸スカンジウムを焙焼することによって酸化スカンジウムとすることを特徴とするスカンジウムの回収方法。
- 前記スカンジウム含有溶液が、スカンジウムを含有する溶液に対してイオン交換処理及び溶媒抽出処理を施して得られたものである
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のスカンジウムの回収方法。
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| US10808296B2 (en) | 2015-10-30 | 2020-10-20 | Ii-Vi Delaware, Inc. | Selective recovery of rare earth metals from an acidic slurry or acidic solution |
| JP2016179354A (ja) * | 2016-07-19 | 2016-10-13 | 株式会社三洋物産 | 遊技機 |
| JP6816410B2 (ja) * | 2016-08-30 | 2021-01-20 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | スカンジウムの回収方法 |
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| JP6583445B2 (ja) * | 2018-01-25 | 2019-10-02 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 高純度酸化スカンジウムの製造方法 |
| CA3113133A1 (en) * | 2018-10-01 | 2020-04-09 | Kemira Oyj | Method to determining metal cations in water |
| CN109881026B (zh) * | 2019-02-19 | 2021-06-15 | 北京中科康仑环境科技研究院有限公司 | 一种从铁、镍浸出液中分离和提取铁和镍的方法 |
| US12319982B2 (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2025-06-03 | His Majesty The King In Right Of Canada As Represented By The Minister Of Natural Resources | Process and system for recovering rare earth elements |
| JP7469942B2 (ja) * | 2020-03-31 | 2024-04-17 | Jx金属株式会社 | 塩化スカンジウムの製造方法 |
| JP7528581B2 (ja) | 2020-07-13 | 2024-08-06 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | スカンジウムの回収方法 |
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| AU2015381819B2 (en) | 2018-08-23 |
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