WO2015115269A1 - スカンジウム回収方法 - Google Patents
スカンジウム回収方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015115269A1 WO2015115269A1 PCT/JP2015/051501 JP2015051501W WO2015115269A1 WO 2015115269 A1 WO2015115269 A1 WO 2015115269A1 JP 2015051501 W JP2015051501 W JP 2015051501W WO 2015115269 A1 WO2015115269 A1 WO 2015115269A1
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- scandium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B59/00—Obtaining rare earth metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
- C22B21/0015—Obtaining aluminium by wet processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/04—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
- C22B3/06—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching in inorganic acid solutions, e.g. with acids generated in situ; in inorganic salt solutions other than ammonium salt solutions
- C22B3/08—Sulfuric acid, other sulfurated acids or salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/26—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/42—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by ion-exchange extraction
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/44—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by chemical processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/30—Obtaining chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- C22B34/32—Obtaining chromium
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for recovering scandium, more specifically, a method for efficiently recovering scandium contained in nickel oxide ore by using a chelate resin and solvent extraction with an acidic extractant.
- Scandium is extremely useful as an additive for high-strength alloys and as an electrode material for fuel cells. However, since the production amount is small and expensive, it has not been widely used.
- nickel oxide ores such as laterite or limonite ore contain a small amount of scandium.
- nickel oxide ore since nickel oxide ore has a low nickel-containing grade, it has not been industrially used as a nickel raw material for a long time. Therefore, there has been little research on industrially recovering scandium from nickel oxide ore.
- Patent Document 5 2-ethylhexylsulfonic acid-mono-2-ethylhexyl is added to a scandium-containing solution in an aqueous phase containing at least one of iron, aluminum, calcium, yttrium, manganese, chromium, and magnesium in addition to scandium.
- a slurry containing Sc (OH) 3 obtained by filtering this was dissolved in hydrochloric acid to obtain a scandium chloride aqueous solution, and oxalic acid was added thereto to form a scandium oxalate precipitate.
- the precipitate was filtered, and iron, manganese, chromium, magnesium, It has been proposed to obtain high-purity scandium oxide by separating aluminum and calcium into a filtrate and then calcining.
- the chelate resin is used alone, the distribution of iron, aluminum, chromium, etc. in the eluent is very small, but since it is contained in a large amount in the raw material, it must be adsorbed multiple times for separation. Elution operation is required. In addition, although the adsorption / elution behavior of a plurality of impurities contained in a very small amount is inferior to that of scandium, it is difficult to separate due to high distribution in the eluent.
- the object of the present invention is to easily and efficiently recover high-quality scandium from nickel oxide ore.
- the present inventors have obtained a high-quality scandium by roasting scandium-containing materials obtained by separating scandium with a chelate resin and subjecting it to solvent extraction. Has been found to be obtained simply and efficiently, and the present invention has been completed. Specifically, the present invention provides the following.
- the present invention is a leaching process in which nickel oxide ore containing scandium, aluminum and chromium is charged together with sulfuric acid into a pressure vessel and separated into a leaching solution and a leaching residue under high temperature and high pressure, A neutralization step of adding a neutralizing agent to obtain a neutralized starch and a post-neutralization solution; a sulfidation step of adding a sulfiding agent to the post-neutralization solution and separating the nickel sulfide and the post-sulfurization solution; The post-sulfurization solution is contacted with a chelate resin to adsorb the scandium to the chelate resin, an ion exchange step for obtaining a scandium eluent, the scandium eluent is brought into contact with an extractant, and a back extractant is added to the extract
- This is a scandium recovery method comprising a solvent extraction step for obtaining a back extract and a roasting step for firing the back extract to obtain scan
- the chelate resin is a resin having iminodiacetic acid as a functional group
- the ion exchange step causes the post-sulfurization solution to contact the chelate resin to adsorb the scandium to the chelate resin.
- the obtained chelate resin is contacted with 0.3N or more and less than 3N sulfuric acid to obtain the scandium eluate, and the scandium elution step is contacted with 3N or more sulfuric acid, and the chelate resin is used in the adsorption step.
- the process according to (1) comprising a chromium removal process for removing chromium adsorbed on the resin. It is an indium recovery method.
- this invention further includes the concentration process which produces
- the solvent extraction step is the scandium recovery method according to (1) or (2), including a step of bringing the scandium concentrate into contact with the extractant to obtain a back extract.
- this invention is a process in which the said concentration process produces
- the concentration step includes the step of forming scandium oxalate crystals by adding oxalic acid to the scandium eluent, and the scandium oxalate crystals are dissolved in sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid.
- the present invention is the scandium recovery method according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein the extractant is an acidic extractant.
- the present invention is the scandium recovery method according to (6), wherein the acidic extractant is di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid.
- the back extractant is sodium hydroxide having a concentration of 5 mol / l or more and 8 mol / l or less, and the back extract is a precipitate of scandium hydroxide.
- this invention is an extraction process in which the said solvent extraction process mixes the said scandium eluent and the said extractant which is an organic solvent, and isolate
- a scrubbing step of separating impurities from the organic solvent after extraction to obtain an organic solvent after washing; and adding the back extractant to the organic solvent after washing, and back-extracting scandium from the organic solvent after washing to produce the back extract The scandium recovery method according to any one of (1) to (8), including a back extraction step of obtaining
- the present invention is the scandium recovery method according to (9), wherein the acidic extractant is 2-ethylhexylsulfonic acid-mono-2-ethylhexyl.
- this invention mixes the said scandium eluent and the said extractant which is an organic solvent, and isolate
- the present invention provides a scandium precipitation step in which, after the solvent extraction step, the back extract is dissolved with hydrochloric acid, and oxalic acid is added to a hydrochloric acid solution obtained by the dissolution to obtain scandium oxalate crystals.
- the scandium recovery method according to any one of (1) to (9), wherein the roasting step includes a step of firing the scandium oxalate crystals.
- high-quality scandium can be efficiently recovered from nickel oxide ore.
- FIG. 1 is a view for explaining a scandium recovery method according to the present invention.
- the present invention includes a leaching step S1 in which nickel oxide ore containing scandium, aluminum and chromium is charged into a pressure vessel together with sulfuric acid and separated into a leaching solution and a leaching residue under high temperature and high pressure, and the leaching solution is neutralized.
- a neutralizing step S2 for adding an agent to obtain a neutralized starch and a post-neutralized solution; a sulfurizing step S3 for adding a sulfiding agent to the post-neutralized solution and separating the nickel sulfide and the post-sulfurized solution;
- the post-sulfurization solution is brought into contact with a chelate resin to adsorb the scandium to the chelate resin, an ion exchange step S4 for obtaining a scandium eluate, the scandium eluent is brought into contact with an extractant, and a back extractant is added to the extract
- a scandium recovery method comprising: a solvent extraction step S6 for obtaining a back extract and a roasting step S8 for firing the back extract to obtain scandium oxide.
- the present invention is characterized in that ion exchange and solvent extraction are used in combination in recovering and purifying scandium.
- impurities can be separated with higher quality, and stable operation can be performed with compact equipment even from a raw material containing many impurities such as nickel oxide ore.
- a scandium-containing starch is produced from the scandium eluent, and this starch is acid-dissolved to obtain a scandium concentrate. You may perform concentration process S5.
- the back extract is dissolved with hydrochloric acid, and oxalic acid is added to the hydrochloric acid solution obtained by this dissolution to obtain scandium oxalate.
- the scandium precipitation step S7 for obtaining crystals may be further performed.
- a neutralizing agent is added to the scandium eluent obtained in the ion exchange step S4 (step S101), then a reducing agent is added (step S102), and then sulfuric acid is added (step S103).
- a neutralizing agent is added to the scandium eluent obtained in the ion exchange step S4 (step S101), then a reducing agent is added (step S102), and then sulfuric acid is added (step S103).
- the ion exchange step S4 may be performed again using this solution after the pH adjustment.
- ⁇ Leaching step S1> nickel oxide ore containing scandium, aluminum, and chromium is charged into a pressure vessel together with sulfuric acid, and is solid-liquid separated into a leachate and a leach residue under high temperature and pressure.
- the leaching step S1 may be performed according to a conventionally known HPAL process, and is described in Patent Document 1, for example.
- ⁇ Neutralization step S2> a neutralizing agent is added to the leachate obtained in the leaching step S1 to obtain a neutralized starch and a neutralized solution.
- Valuable metals such as scandium and nickel are contained in the solution after neutralization, and most of impurities such as aluminum are contained in the neutralized starch.
- a conventionally known neutralizing agent is sufficient, and examples thereof include calcium carbonate, slaked lime, and sodium hydroxide.
- the pH is preferably adjusted in the range of 1 to 4, and more preferably in the range of 1.5 to 2.5.
- a pH of less than 1 is not preferable because neutralization is insufficient and the neutralized starch and the post-neutralized solution may not be separated. If the pH exceeds 4, not only impurities such as aluminum but also valuable metals such as scandium and nickel are included in the neutralized starch, which is not preferable.
- ⁇ Sulfurization step S3> In the sulfiding step S3, a sulfiding agent is added to the neutralized solution to separate the sulfide and the sulfidized solution. Nickel, cobalt, zinc and the like are contained in the sulfide, and scandium and the like are contained in the post-sulfurized solution.
- the sulfurizing agent may be any conventionally known one, and examples thereof include hydrogen sulfide gas, sodium sulfide, sodium hydrogen sulfide and the like.
- the ion exchange step S4 includes an adsorption step S41 in which the sulfidized solution is brought into contact with the chelate resin to adsorb scandium to the chelate resin, and the adsorption step S41.
- Sulfuric acid of 0.1N or less is brought into contact with the chelate resin adsorbing scandium, and an aluminum removal step S42 for removing aluminum adsorbed on the chelate resin in the adsorption step S41, and 0.3N or more in the chelate resin that has undergone this aluminum removal step S42 3N or less, more preferably 0.4N or more and 0.6N or less sulfuric acid is contacted, and a scandium elution step S43 to obtain a scandium eluent, and a chelate resin that has undergone this scandium elution step S43 is contacted with 3N or more sulfuric acid.
- Chromium for removing chromium adsorbed on chelate resin in step S41 Preferably includes a removed by step S44.
- the type of chelate resin is not particularly limited, but is preferably a resin having iminodiacetic acid as a functional group.
- the lower the pH range the smaller the amount of impurities contained in the nickel oxide ore. Therefore, the adsorption
- the pH is less than 2
- Al removal step S42 In the aluminum removal step S42, 0.1 N or less sulfuric acid is brought into contact with the chelate resin having adsorbed scandium in the adsorption step S41, and the aluminum adsorbed on the chelate resin is removed in the adsorption step S41.
- the pH is preferably maintained in the range of 1 to 2.5, more preferably in the range of 1.5 to 2.0. If the pH is less than 1, not only aluminum but also scandium is removed from the chelate resin, which is not preferable. A pH exceeding 2.5 is not preferable because aluminum is not properly removed from the chelate resin.
- the normality of sulfuric acid used in the eluent is preferably maintained in the range of 0.3N or more and less than 3N, and more preferably maintained in the range of 0.5N or more and less than 2N.
- the normality is 3N or more, not only scandium but also chromium is contained in the scandium eluent, which is not preferable.
- the normality is less than 0.3 N, scandium is not appropriately removed from the chelate resin, which is not preferable.
- Chromium removal step S44 In the chromium removal step S44, 3N or more sulfuric acid is brought into contact with the chelate resin that has undergone the scandium elution step S43, and the chromium adsorbed on the chelate resin in the adsorption step S41 is removed.
- iron may be contained as an impurity in nickel oxide ore.
- the chelate resin that has adsorbed scandium in the adsorption step S41 is contacted with sulfuric acid having a normality smaller than that of the sulfuric acid used in the aluminum removal step S42, and the chelate resin in the adsorption step S41. It is preferable to remove the iron adsorbed on the surface.
- the pH When removing iron, it is preferable to maintain the pH in the range of 1 to 3. If the pH is less than 1, not only iron but also scandium is removed from the chelate resin, which is not preferable. If the pH exceeds 3, iron is not appropriately removed from the chelate resin, which is not preferable.
- a neutralizing agent is added to the scandium eluate obtained in the scandium elution step S43 to adjust the pH to a range of 2 to 4, preferably 2.7 to 3.3 centered on pH 3.
- a reducing agent is added (step S102), and then sulfuric acid is added to adjust the pH to a range of 1 to 2.5, preferably 1.7 to 2 centering on pH 2.
- step S103 is adjusted (step S103) to obtain a solution after the pH adjustment of the scandium eluent, and the adsorption step S41, the aluminum removal step S42 and the scandium elution step S43 are performed again using the solution after the pH adjustment. Preferably it is done.
- the quality of the recovered scandium can be further enhanced.
- the addition of the reducing agent is preferably carried out so that the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) is maintained in a range in which the silver / silver chloride electrode is used as a reference electrode and exceeds 200 mV to 300 mV or less.
- ORP oxidation-reduction potential
- the sulfur content derived from the added sulfiding agent is precipitated as a fine solid, and the filter cloth is clogged in the filtration step after sulfidation, so that solid-liquid separation is deteriorated and productivity is increased.
- the liquid is re-passed through the chelate resin, clogging or uneven liquid flow may occur in the resin tower, and uniform liquid flow cannot be performed.
- the oxidation-reduction potential exceeds 300 mV, problems such as remaining iron ions adsorbing to the resin and inhibiting the adsorption of scandium may occur.
- the neutralizing agent a conventionally known neutralizing agent is sufficient, and examples thereof include calcium carbonate.
- the reducing agent may be a conventionally known reducing agent, and examples thereof include a sulfurizing agent such as hydrogen sulfide gas and sodium sulfide, sulfur dioxide gas, hydrazine, and metallic iron.
- the chelate resin that has been used may be reused or a new chelate resin may be used, but from the viewpoint of preventing contamination of impurities. Therefore, it is preferable to reuse the chelate resin that has undergone the chromium removal step S44 or use a new chelate resin. In particular, by reusing the chelate resin that has undergone the chromium removal step S44, not only contamination of impurities can be prevented, but also the amount of chelate resin used can be suppressed.
- the number of repetitions is preferably 8 times or less.
- a concentration step S5 is provided after the ion exchange step S4 to cause precipitation of scandium contained in the scandium eluent to separate it from impurities, and this precipitation is further treated with sulfuric acid and / or hydrochloric acid. It is preferable to perform the process which melt
- any of performing neutralization with hydroxylation, oxidation with oxidization, or both with neutralization with hydroxylation and oxidation with sulfoxidation may be employed, but it dissolves in the vicinity of the solubility of the obtained precipitate. It is preferable.
- the solid By dissolving near the solubility of the obtained precipitate, the solid can be precipitated once and redissolved to an arbitrary concentration, so the scandium concentration can be arbitrarily selected and increased, and the liquid in the solvent extraction step of the next step This is an industrially very preferable aspect in that the amount and thus the equipment scale can be reduced.
- the acid used for the precipitate obtained in this step may be either hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, but sulfuric acid is preferred.
- the neutralizing agent may be a conventionally known neutralizing agent, for example, calcium carbonate, slaked lime, sodium hydroxide, etc., but when the scandium eluent is a sulfuric acid solution, the neutralizing agent containing Ca content produces gypsum. Therefore, the neutralizing agent is preferably sodium hydroxide or the like.
- the pH when the neutralizing agent is added is preferably 8 or more and 9 or less.
- a pH of less than 8 is not preferable because neutralization is insufficient and Sc may not be sufficiently recovered.
- pH exceeds 9 since the usage-amount of a neutralizing agent increases, it is unpreferable at the point which becomes cost increase.
- oxalic acid is added to the scandium eluent to form scandium oxalate crystals.
- the pH is preferably 0 or more and 0.5 or less. If the pH is too low, the solubility of scandium oxalate increases and the scandium recovery rate decreases, which is not preferable. If the pH is too high, impurities contained in the solution are precipitated and the scandium purity is lowered, which is not preferable.
- the amount of oxalic acid added is preferably 1.05 times or more and 1.2 times or less the equivalent amount required to precipitate scandium as oxalate. If the amount added is less than 1.05 times the required equivalent, there is a possibility that the entire amount of scandium cannot be recovered, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if the addition amount exceeds 1.2 times the required equivalent, the solubility of scandium oxalate increases, so that scandium is redissolved and the recovery rate is lowered, which is not preferable.
- concentration step S5 impurities contained in the scandium eluent can be largely removed, and the man-hours related to the ion exchange step S4 and the solvent extraction step S6 can be reduced.
- concentration of the starting solution to be subjected to solvent extraction can be arbitrarily adjusted, it is possible to reduce the capital investment by reducing the equipment scale in the solvent extraction step S6 and to stabilize the operation by stabilizing the starting solution concentration. Also have.
- solvent extraction step S6 In the solvent extraction step S6, the back extract is obtained by bringing the scandium eluent into contact with the extractant and adding the back extractant to the extract.
- Extraction process S61 which mixes the extractant which is a scandium eluent and the organic solvent, and isolate
- scrubbing step S62 in which a hydrochloric acid solution or a sulfuric acid solution is mixed with the organic solvent after the extraction and impurities are separated from the organic solvent to obtain the organic solvent after the washing, a back extractant is added to the organic solvent after the washing, and the organic after the washing
- Extraction step S61 In the extraction step, scandium eluent and an organic solvent containing an extractant are mixed to selectively extract scandium into the organic solvent.
- extractants There are various types of extractants, but due to selectivity with scandium, acidic extractants containing phosphorus, specifically di-2-ethylhexyl phosphate (D2EHPA), 2-ethylhexyl sulfonate-mono-2 -Ethylhexyl (2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid) (trade name: PC-88A) or the like is preferably used.
- D2EHPA di-2-ethylhexyl phosphate
- PC-88A 2-ethylhexyl sulfonate-mono-2 -Ethylhexyl (2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid
- the concentration of D2EHPA or PC-88A in the organic solvent is not particularly limited, but it is preferably 10% by volume or more and 30% by volume or less, particularly 20% by volume in consideration of phase separation during extraction and back extraction. It is more preferable that it is 15 volume% or more and 25 volume% or less which becomes around%.
- the volume ratio of the organic solvent and the scandium eluent during extraction is preferably such that the molar amount of the organic solvent is 0.4 to 1.0 times the molar amount of metal in the scandium solution.
- a hydrochloric acid solution or a sulfuric acid solution can be used as the solution (cleaning solution) used for scrubbing.
- a hydrochloric acid solution a concentration range of 5.0 mol / l to 7.0 mol / l is preferable, and when using a sulfuric acid solution, a concentration of 2.5 mol / l to 3.5 mol / l in the case of D2EHPA.
- the concentration range is preferably 2.0 mol / l or more and 5.0 mol / l or less.
- phase ratio O / A 1 of the organic phase (O) and the aqueous phase (A) is 1, it depends on the type and concentration of the impurity element. As an example, almost all elements can be separated to below the lower limit of analysis if there are 3 to 5 stages for DE2HPA and 3 to 8 stages for PC-88A.
- the back extraction step S63 scandium is back extracted from the organic solvent from which scandium has been extracted.
- the back extraction step S63 is a step in which an organic solvent and a back extraction solution (back extraction start solution) are mixed to advance a back reaction during extraction.
- the back extraction solution (back extraction start solution) is preferably a strong alkali solution including sodium hydroxide.
- the back extraction solution is sodium hydroxide
- scandium hydroxide is formed as a precipitate when the pH is 8 or higher. Therefore, considering both the generation of precipitate and the suppression of excessive use, scandium hydroxide
- the amount used is preferably such that the pH can be maintained between 8 and 9. And it is preferable that the density
- the product When back-extracted with alkali, the product is a mixture of a solid scandium hydroxide and a liquid phase containing an organic solvent and an alkaline back-extracted solution, and is in the form of a slurry. Therefore, the product is first filtered to separate the scandium hydroxide solid from the liquid phase. Subsequently, an acid is added to the liquid phase, and the liquid phase is subjected to specific gravity separation into an organic phase and an aqueous phase. The scandium hydroxide solid obtained through these steps is supplied to the next step as a back extract. When the organic phase adheres to the scandium hydroxide solid, it is preferable to wash the solid.
- the scandium oxide can be recovered from the nickel oxide ore by performing the roasting step S8 of roasting the solid scandium salt.
- a scandium hydroxide precipitate has already been obtained in the back extraction step S63. Therefore, in the roasting step S8, solid scandium hydroxide can be baked as it is to obtain a scandium oxide solid.
- this scandium hydroxide can still contain impurities, in order to increase the purity of scandium, before the baking step S8, the scandium hydroxide is acid-dissolved with hydrochloric acid or the like and oxalic acid is added to It is preferable to obtain scandium oxide by performing scandium precipitation step S7 to convert to scandium acid, and then subjecting scandium oxalate to roasting step S8.
- the scandium precipitation step S7 is a step of neutralizing the back extract obtained in the solvent extraction step S6 with an acid, and further adding oxalic acid to precipitate and precipitate as a scandium oxalate solid to separate.
- the pH when dissolved in the acid is preferably 0 or more and 0.5 or less. If the pH is too low such as less than 0, the solubility of scandium oxalate increases and the scandium recovery rate decreases, which is not preferable. If the pH exceeds 0.5, impurities contained in the solution are precipitated and the scandium purity is lowered, which is not preferable.
- the amount of oxalic acid added is preferably 1.05 times or more and 1.2 times or less the equivalent amount required to precipitate scandium as oxalate. If it is less than 1.05 times, there is a possibility that the entire amount of scandium cannot be recovered, which is not preferable. On the other hand, when added in excess of 1.2 times, the solubility of scandium oxalate increases, so scandium is redissolved and the recovery rate decreases, or excessive oxalic acid is decomposed to reduce the excess oxalic acid. This is not preferable because the amount of the oxidizing agent used increases.
- the roasting step S8 is a step in which the precipitate obtained in the scandium precipitation step S7 is washed with water, dried, and roasted. By going through the roasting step S8, extremely high-quality scandium oxide can be obtained.
- the baking conditions are not particularly limited.
- the baking may be performed in a tubular furnace and heated at about 900 ° C. for about 2 hours.
- a continuous furnace such as a rotary kiln because drying and baking (roasting) can be performed in the same apparatus.
- the adsorption source solution having the composition shown in Table 1 was passed through a column packed with a chelate resin (product name: Diaion CR11, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation) having iminodiacetic acid as a functional group.
- the liquid temperature at the time of liquid supply was 60 ° C.
- composition of various elements contained in the extracted organic phase was analyzed.
- the value obtained by dividing the amount of each element contained in the extracted organic phase by the amount of each element contained in the original solution before extraction is taken as the extraction rate, and the results are shown in Table 4.
- the impurity metal concentration other than the eluted scandium could be removed to a level of 1 mg / l or less.
- scandium remained at a low level of 10 mg / l, and it was found that only the impurities could be removed effectively without separating scandium extracted into the organic solvent into the aqueous phase.
- composition of various elements contained in the solid (scandium hydroxide) deposited by the back extraction operation was analyzed.
- a value obtained by dividing the amount of various elements contained in the solid (scandium hydroxide) by the amount of various elements extracted in the organic phase in the extraction step S61 is defined as a recovery rate, and Table 5 shows the results.
- scandium contained in the original liquid before extraction can be almost completely recovered as a solid (scandium hydroxide) through the solvent extraction step S6.
- the recovered scandium hydroxide contains almost no elements such as aluminum, nickel, magnesium, chromium, manganese, calcium, cobalt, copper, zinc, and the quality of scandium contained in scandium hydroxide is It can be said that it is expensive.
- the scandium oxide was analyzed by emission spectroscopy. Table 6 shows the removal rate. Impurities other than scandium, particularly aluminum, nickel, uranium, and copper, can be almost completely removed, and the purity as scandium oxide Sc 2 O 3 is extremely high exceeding 99.9%. Pure scandium oxide could be obtained.
- Example 2 The same nickel oxide ore as in Example 1 was leached in the same manner as in Example 1, neutralized, and sulfidized to obtain a post-sulfurized solution having the composition shown in Table 7. (Unit is mg / l)
- a chelate eluent hydroxide solution having the composition shown in Table 8 was used as an extraction starting solution, and subjected to solvent extraction using an acidic extractant.
- PC-88A manufactured by Daihachi Chemical Co., Ltd.
- the extraction equilibrium pH was set to 0, and based on the ratio of the organic amount to the metal amount in the liquid, the organic amount (O) and the amount of the extraction start liquid (A) were selected as the conditions shown in Table 9.
- FIG. 2 shows the extraction rates of Sc, Th, U, Al and Fe contained in the organic solvent.
- the organic amount / metal amount (unit: mol / mol, the same applies hereinafter), which is the ratio of the organic amount to the metal amount, is in the range of 0.4 to 1.0
- scandium is replaced with thorium, aluminum or iron.
- scandium can be concentrated in an organic solvent.
- O / A is 2.00
- the extraction rate of thorium is 0%
- the extraction rate of iron is 4%
- the extraction rate of aluminum is 6%
- the extraction rate of scandium Is 63% is 63%.
- the organic amount / metal amount is less than 0.4 times, the phase separation between the organic phase and the aqueous phase is poor, which is not preferable. Further, when the amount of organic / metal exceeds 1.0 times, metals other than scandium may be contained in the organic phase, which is not preferable.
- FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the sulfuric acid concentration and the cleaning rate.
- the washing rate is a ratio of a metal separated from an organic solvent and contained in sulfuric acid.
- uranium can be separated from the organic solvent and removed.
- the sulfuric acid concentration is 2 mol / l or more and 5 mol / l or less
- 80% or more of uranium is separated from the organic solvent. Can be removed.
- Table 8 shows the results of analyzing the composition of the back extract after back extraction.
- the recovery rate was the ratio of the weight (unit: mg) of each component contained in the solution after back extraction to the weight (unit: mg) of each component contained in the organic phase after washing with sulfuric acid.
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Abstract
Description
浸出工程S1では、スカンジウム、アルミニウム及びクロムを含有するニッケル酸化鉱を硫酸とともに加圧容器に装入し、高温高圧下で浸出液と浸出残渣とに固液分離する。
中和工程S2では、浸出工程S1で得られた浸出液に中和剤を加え、中和澱物と中和後液とを得る。スカンジウムやニッケル等の有価金属は中和後液に含まれ、アルミニウムをはじめとした不純物の大部分は中和澱物に含まれる。
硫化工程S3では、中和後液に硫化剤を添加し、硫化物と硫化後液とに分離する。ニッケル、コバルト及び亜鉛等は硫化物に含まれ、スカンジウム等は硫化後液に含まれる。
イオン交換工程S4では、硫化後液をキレート樹脂に接触させてスカンジウムをキレート樹脂に吸着させ、スカンジウム溶離液を得る。イオン交換工程S4の態様は特に限定されるものではないが、イオン交換工程S4は、硫化後液をキレート樹脂に接触させてスカンジウムを前記キレート樹脂に吸着させる吸着工程S41と、この吸着工程S41でスカンジウムを吸着したキレート樹脂に0.1N以下の硫酸を接触させ、吸着工程S41でキレート樹脂に吸着したアルミニウムを除去するアルミニウム除去工程S42と、このアルミニウム除去工程S42を経たキレート樹脂に0.3N以上3N以下、より好ましくは0.4N以上0.6N以下の硫酸を接触させ、スカンジウム溶離液を得るスカンジウム溶離工程S43と、このスカンジウム溶離工程S43を経たキレート樹脂に3N以上の硫酸を接触させ、吸着工程S41でキレート樹脂に吸着したクロムを除去するクロム除去工程S44とを含むことが好ましい。
吸着工程S41では、硫化後液をキレート樹脂に接触させてスカンジウムをキレート樹脂に吸着させる。
アルミニウム除去工程S42では、吸着工程S41でスカンジウムを吸着したキレート樹脂に0.1N以下の硫酸を接触させ、吸着工程S41でキレート樹脂に吸着したアルミニウムを除去する。
スカンジウム溶離工程S43では、アルミニウム除去工程S42を経たキレート樹脂に0.3N以上3N未満の硫酸を接触させ、スカンジウム溶離液を得る。
クロム除去工程S44では、スカンジウム溶離工程S43を経たキレート樹脂に3N以上の硫酸を接触させ、吸着工程S41でキレート樹脂に吸着したクロムを除去する。
また、図示していないが、ニッケル酸化鉱に、不純物として鉄が含まれている場合がある。この場合、アルミニウム除去工程S42に先立ち、吸着工程S41でスカンジウムを吸着したキレート樹脂に、アルミニウム除去工程S42で使用する硫酸の規定度よりも小さい規定度の硫酸を接触させ、吸着工程S41でキレート樹脂に吸着した鉄を除去することが好ましい。
また、必須の態様ではないが、スカンジウム溶離工程S43で得たスカンジウム溶離液に中和剤を添加してpHを2以上4以下の範囲、好ましくはpH3を中心とした2.7~3.3の範囲に調整し(工程S101)、次いで還元剤を添加し(工程S102)、次いで硫酸を添加してpHを1以上2.5以下の範囲、好ましくはpH2を中心とした1.7~2.3の範囲に調整する(工程S103)ことでスカンジウム溶離液のpH調整後液を得、このpH調整後液を用いて上記吸着工程S41、上記アルミニウム除去工程S42及び上記スカンジウム溶離工程S43を再び行うことが好ましい。これらの工程を経ることで、回収されるスカンジウムの品位をいっそう高めることができる。また、スカンジウム溶離液からスカンジウムを分離する際の薬剤コストや設備規模を縮減できる。
スカンジウム溶離工程S43によって得られたスカンジウム溶離液に対して再びスカンジウム溶離工程S43を行うことで、スカンジウム溶離液の濃度を高めることができる。
また、必須ではないが、上記イオン交換工程S4の後に、濃縮工程S5を設けて、スカンジウム溶離液に含まれるスカンジウムの沈殿を生じさせて不純物と分離し、さらにこの沈殿を硫酸及び/又は塩酸で溶解して、次工程の溶媒抽出に供する抽出始液に供する処理を行うことが好ましい。
以下では、濃縮の一態様である水酸化中和について説明する。水酸化中和を採用する場合、イオン交換工程S4で得られたスカンジウム溶離液に中和剤を添加して、沈殿物を得て固液分離する。次いで、酸で溶解し酸性溶液を得る。
続いて、濃縮の別態様であるシュウ酸化について説明する。シュウ酸化を採用する場合、スカンジウム溶離液にシュウ酸を添加してシュウ酸スカンジウムの結晶にする。このとき、pHは0以上0.5以下であることが好ましい。pHが低すぎると、スカンジウムシュウ酸塩の溶解度が増加し、スカンジウム回収率が低下するため、好ましくない。pHが高すぎると、溶解液中に含まれる不純物が沈殿しスカンジウム純度を下げてしまうため、好ましくない。
また、濃縮の別態様として、上記の水酸化中和とシュウ酸化との両方を行うことが挙げられる。まず、スカンジウム溶離工程S43で得られたスカンジウム溶離液に上記の水酸化中和を行って水酸化スカンジウムを含有する沈殿物を得る。次いで、この沈殿物に塩酸を添加して再溶解し、この再溶解液にシュウ酸を添加し、シュウ酸スカンジウムの結晶として沈殿させる。次いで、この結晶を上記のように、酸溶解し、溶媒抽出工程S6に付する。
溶媒抽出工程S6では、スカンジウム溶離液を抽出剤に接触させ、抽出液に逆抽出剤を加えることで逆抽出物を得る。溶媒抽出工程S6の態様は特に限定されないが、スカンジウム溶離液と有機溶媒である抽出剤とを混合し、スカンジウムを抽出した抽出後有機溶媒と抽残液とに分離する抽出工程S61と、この抽出後有機溶媒に、塩酸溶液又は硫酸溶液を混合して抽出後有機溶媒から不純物を分離して洗浄後有機溶媒を得るスクラビング工程S62と、洗浄後有機溶媒に逆抽出剤を添加し、洗浄後有機溶媒からスカンジウムを逆抽出して逆抽出物を得る逆抽出工程S63とを含むことが好ましい。溶媒抽出工程S6を行うことで、スカンジウム溶離液に含まれるスカンジウムの純度をよりいっそう高めることができる。
抽出工程では、スカンジウム溶離液と、抽出剤を含む有機溶媒とを混合して、有機溶媒中にスカンジウムを選択的に抽出する。抽出剤には様々な種類があるが、スカンジウムとの選択性から、リンを含む酸性抽出剤、具体的には、ジ-2-エチルヘキシルリン酸(D2EHPA)、2-エチルヘキシルスルホン酸-モノ-2-エチルヘキシル(2-ethylhexy 2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid)(商品名:PC-88A)等を用いることが好ましい。
必須の態様ではないが、スカンジウムを抽出した溶媒中にスカンジウム以外の不純物元素が共存する場合には、抽出液を逆抽出する前に、有機溶媒(有機相)にスクラビング(洗浄)処理を施し、不純物元素を水相に分離して抽出剤から除去することが好ましい。
逆抽出工程S63では、スカンジウムを抽出した有機溶媒から、スカンジウムを逆抽出する。逆抽出工程S63は、有機溶媒と逆抽出溶液(逆抽出始液)とを混合することで、抽出時の逆反応を進行させる工程である。
溶媒抽出工程S6の後、固体のスカンジウム塩を焙焼する焙焼工程S8を行うことで、ニッケル酸化鉱から酸化スカンジウムを回収できる。上記したとおり、本発明では、逆抽出工程S63において、既に水酸化スカンジウムの沈殿物が得られている。そのため、焙焼工程S8では、固体の水酸化スカンジウムをそのまま焼成して酸化スカンジウムの固体を得ることもできる。しかしながら、この水酸化スカンジウムは、依然として不純物を含み得るものであるため、スカンジウムの純度を高めるため、焙焼工程S8の前に、水酸化スカンジウムを塩酸等で酸溶解し、シュウ酸を加えてシュウ酸スカンジウムにするスカンジウム沈殿工程S7を行い、その後、シュウ酸スカンジウムを焙焼工程S8に供することで酸化スカンジウムを得ることが好ましい。
スカンジウム沈殿工程S7は、溶媒抽出工程S6で得た逆抽出物を酸で中和し、さらにシュウ酸を加えてシュウ酸スカンジウムの固体として析出、沈殿させて分離する工程である。酸に溶解するときのpHは、0以上0.5以下であることが好ましい。pHが0未満のように低すぎると、スカンジウムシュウ酸塩の溶解度が増加し、スカンジウム回収率が低下するため好ましくない。pHが0.5を超えると、溶解液中に含まれる不純物が沈殿しスカンジウム純度を下げてしまうため、好ましくない。
焙焼工程S8は、スカンジウム沈殿工程S7で得られた沈殿物を水で洗浄し、乾燥し、焙焼する工程である。焙焼工程S8を経ることで、極めて高品位な酸化スカンジウムを得ることができる。
[浸出工程S1]
まず、ニッケル酸化鉱を濃硫酸とともにオートクレーブに装入し、245℃の条件下で1時間かけてスカンジウムやニッケル等の有価金属を含有するスラリーを生成させ、このスラリーから各種の有価金属を含有する浸出液と、浸出残渣とに固液分離した。
そして、この浸出液に炭酸カルシウムを添加し、中和澱物と中和後液とを得た。スカンジウムやニッケル等の有価金属は中和後液に含まれ、アルミニウムをはじめとした不純物の大部分は中和澱物に含まれる。
続いて、中和後液に硫化水素ガスを吹き込み、ニッケルやコバルトや亜鉛を硫化物として硫化後液と分離した。
〔吸着工程S41〕
この硫化後液に中和剤として消石灰を添加してpHを1.6に調整した。加えて、消石灰添加後の液には含まれていないか、含まれているとしても含有量がごく微量である元素の挙動も明らかにするため、一部の元素については試薬を添加し、表1に示す組成の吸着元液を得た。
次に、このキレート樹脂に、濃度0.1Nの硫酸溶液800リットルを(SVが40となる)毎分27リットルの流量で通液した。カラムから排出された残留したアルミの多い洗浄液は、アルミ洗浄液として貯液し、一部をサンプリングしてICPで分析した。
分析値は、Ni:7mg/l、Mg:1mg/l、Mn:4mg/l、Fe:1mg/l、Al:84mg/l、Sc:3mg/lであった。Cr、Caの分析値は、測定可能な下限以下であった。
その後、キレート樹脂に、濃度1Nの硫酸溶液400リットルを(SVが40となる)毎分80リットルの流量で通液した。カラムから排出された溶離液は、スカンジウム溶離液として貯液しサンプリングして分析した。結果を表2に示す。Mn、Caの分析値は、測定可能な下限以下であった。
続いて、キレート樹脂に、濃度3Nの硫酸溶液80リットルを(SVが40となる)毎分2.6リットルの流量で通液した。カラムから排出された洗浄液は、クロム洗浄液として貯液しサンプリングして分析した。分析値は、Fe:2mg/l、Cr:30mg/lであった。Ni、Mg、Mn、Al、Ca、Scの分析値は、測定可能な下限以下であった。
次に、表2の組成のスカンジウム溶離液に、水酸化ナトリウムを添加してpHを8~9に維持し、沈殿を生成させた。この沈殿に硫酸を添加して溶解し、キレート溶離液水酸化物溶解液を得た。キレート溶離液水酸化物溶解液の組成を分析した結果を表3に示す。Mg、Cr、Mn、Caの分析値は、測定可能な下限以下であった。
〔抽出工程S61〕
上記表3の組成の溶解液103リットルを抽出始液とした。これに、酸性抽出剤、ジ-2-エチルヘキシルリン酸(D2EHPA、ランクセス社製)を溶剤テクリーンN20(JX日鉱日石社製)を用いて13体積%に調整した有機溶媒2.6リットルを混合して室温で60分撹拌し、スカンジウムを含む抽出有機相を得た。抽出時にクラッドを形成することはなく、静置後の相分離も迅速に進行した。
次に、抽出工程で得られたスカンジウムを含む2.6リットルの有機溶媒(抽出有機相)に、濃度6.5mol/lの塩酸溶液を、相比(O/A)が1の比率となる2.6リットル混合し、10分間撹拌して洗浄した。その後、静置して水相を分離し、有機相は再び濃度6.5mol/lの新たな塩酸溶液2.6リットルと混合して洗浄し、同様に水相を分離した。このような洗浄操作を合計3回繰り返した。
次に、洗浄後の抽出有機相に、濃度6mol/lの水酸化ナトリウムを、相比O/A=1/1の比率となるように混合して20分撹拌し、スカンジウムを水相に逆抽出した。逆抽出操作によって析出した固体と液相が混じったスラリー状態となったので、濾過して、固体と液相とを分離した。固体については、水洗浄し、固体に付着する有機相や逆抽出後液を除去した。液相については、液相に塩酸を添加して5分間撹拌し、静置して逆抽出後有機溶媒の有機相と逆抽出後液の水相とを分離した。
次に、上記で得た水酸化スカンジウムの固体に塩酸を添加してスラリーのpHを1.0以上1.5以下の範囲に維持しつつ、撹拌して水酸化スカンジウムの固体を完全に溶解し再溶解液を得た。次いで、再溶解液に対し、再溶解液に含まれるスカンジウム量に対して計算量で2倍となるシュウ酸・2水和物(三菱ガス社製)の結晶を溶解し、60分撹拌混合してシュウ酸スカンジウムの白色結晶性沈殿を生成させた。
上記のスカンジウム沈殿工程で得たシュウ酸スカンジウムを吸引濾過し、純水を用いて洗浄し、105℃で8時間乾燥させた。続いて、シュウ酸スカンジウムを管状炉に入れて850~900℃に維持して焙焼(焼成)させて、酸化スカンジウムを得た。
S2 中和工程
S3 硫化工程
S4 イオン交換工程
S5 濃縮工程
S6 溶媒抽出工程
S7 スカンジウム沈殿工程
S8 焙焼工程
Claims (12)
- スカンジウム、アルミニウム及びクロムを含有するニッケル酸化鉱を硫酸とともに加圧容器に装入し、高温高圧下で浸出液と浸出残渣とに固液分離する浸出工程と、
前記浸出液に中和剤を加え、中和澱物と中和後液とを得る中和工程と、
前記中和後液に硫化剤を添加し、ニッケル硫化物と硫化後液とに分離する硫化工程と、
前記硫化後液をキレート樹脂に接触させて前記スカンジウムを前記キレート樹脂に吸着させ、スカンジウム溶離液を得るイオン交換工程と、
前記スカンジウム溶離液を抽出剤に接触させ、抽出液に逆抽出剤を加えることで逆抽出物を得る溶媒抽出工程と、
前記逆抽出物を焼成して、酸化スカンジウムを得る焙焼工程とを含む、スカンジウム回収方法。 - 前記キレート樹脂は、イミノジ酢酸を官能基とする樹脂であり、
前記イオン交換工程は、
前記硫化後液を前記キレート樹脂に接触させて前記スカンジウムを前記キレート樹脂に吸着させる吸着工程と、
前記吸着工程でスカンジウムを吸着したキレート樹脂に0.1N以下の硫酸を接触させ、前記吸着工程で前記キレート樹脂に吸着したアルミニウムを除去するアルミニウム除去工程と、
前記アルミニウム除去工程を経たキレート樹脂に0.3N以上3N未満の硫酸を接触させ、前記スカンジウム溶離液を得るスカンジウム溶離工程と、
前記スカンジウム溶離工程を経たキレート樹脂に3N以上の硫酸を接触させ、前記吸着工程で前記キレート樹脂に吸着したクロムを除去するクロム除去工程を含む、請求項1に記載のスカンジウム回収方法。 - 前記イオン交換工程の後、前記スカンジウム溶離液からスカンジウムを含有する澱物を生成し、この澱物を酸溶解してスカンジウム濃縮液を得る濃縮工程をさらに含み、
前記溶媒抽出工程は、前記スカンジウム濃縮液を前記抽出剤に接触させ、逆抽出物を得る工程を含む、請求項1又は2に記載のスカンジウム回収方法。 - 前記濃縮工程は、
前記スカンジウム溶離液に中和剤を添加してpHを8以上9以下の範囲に調整することで中和物を生成する工程と、
前記中和物を硫酸又は塩酸で酸溶解する工程とを含む、請求項3に記載のスカンジウム回収方法。 - 前記濃縮工程は、
前記スカンジウム溶離液にシュウ酸を添加することでシュウ酸スカンジウムの結晶を生成する工程と、
前記シュウ酸スカンジウムの結晶を硫酸又は塩酸で酸溶解する工程とを含む、請求項3又は4に記載のスカンジウム回収方法。 - 前記抽出剤は酸性抽出剤である、請求項1から5のいずれかに記載のスカンジウム回収方法。
- 前記酸性抽出剤がジ-2-エチルヘキシルリン酸である、請求項6に記載のスカンジウム回収方法。
- 前記逆抽出剤は濃度が5mol/l以上8mol/l以下の水酸化ナトリウムであり、
前記逆抽出物は水酸化スカンジウムの沈殿物である、請求項1から7のいずれかに記載のスカンジウム回収方法。 - 前記溶媒抽出工程は、
前記スカンジウム溶離液と有機溶媒である前記抽出剤とを混合し、スカンジウムを抽出した抽出後有機溶媒と抽残液とに分離する抽出工程と、
前記抽出後有機溶媒に、5.0mol/l以上7.0mol/l以下の濃度の塩酸溶液、又は2.5mol/l以上3.5mol/l以下の濃度の硫酸溶液を混合して前記抽出後有機溶媒から不純物を分離して洗浄後有機溶媒を得るスクラビング工程と、
前記洗浄後有機溶媒に前記逆抽出剤を添加し、前記洗浄後有機溶媒からスカンジウムを逆抽出して前記逆抽出物を得る逆抽出工程と
を含む、請求項1から8のいずれかに記載のスカンジウム回収方法。 - 前記酸性抽出剤が2-エチルヘキシルスルホン酸-モノ-2-エチルヘキシルである、請求項6に記載のスカンジウム回収方法。
- 前記溶媒抽出工程は、
前記スカンジウム溶離液と有機溶媒である前記抽出剤とを混合し、スカンジウムを抽出した抽出後有機溶媒と抽残液とに分離する抽出工程と、
前記抽出後有機溶媒に、5.0mol/l以上7.0mol/l以下の濃度の塩酸溶液、又は2.0mol/l以上5.0mol/l以下の濃度の硫酸溶液を混合して前記抽出後有機溶媒から不純物を分離して洗浄後有機溶媒を得るスクラビング工程と、
前記スクラビング工程で得たスクラビング後有機溶媒に5.0mol/l以上8.0mol/l以下の水酸化ナトリウム添加し、水酸化スカンジウム澱物を得る工程と、
前記水酸化スカンジウム澱物に酸を添加し、スカンジウム溶解液を得る工程とを含む、請求項10に記載のスカンジウム回収方法。 - 前記溶媒抽出工程の後、前記逆抽出物を塩酸で溶解し、この溶解で得られる塩酸溶解液にシュウ酸を加えてシュウ酸スカンジウムの結晶を得るスカンジウム沈殿工程をさらに含み、
前記焙焼工程は、前記シュウ酸スカンジウムの結晶を焼成する工程を含む、請求項1から11のいずれかに記載のスカンジウム回収方法。
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