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WO2016064187A1 - Électrode de lithium métallique à structure multicouche et son procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Électrode de lithium métallique à structure multicouche et son procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016064187A1
WO2016064187A1 PCT/KR2015/011145 KR2015011145W WO2016064187A1 WO 2016064187 A1 WO2016064187 A1 WO 2016064187A1 KR 2015011145 W KR2015011145 W KR 2015011145W WO 2016064187 A1 WO2016064187 A1 WO 2016064187A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lithium metal
lithium
layer
electrode
libon
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/KR2015/011145
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
손병국
장민철
박은경
양두경
최정훈
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LG Chem Ltd
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LG Chem Ltd
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Publication date
Priority claimed from KR1020150145771A external-priority patent/KR101984719B1/ko
Application filed by LG Chem Ltd filed Critical LG Chem Ltd
Priority to EP15852801.8A priority Critical patent/EP3179539B1/fr
Priority to CN201580049923.9A priority patent/CN106716690B/zh
Priority to JP2017501356A priority patent/JP6357728B2/ja
Priority to US15/507,641 priority patent/US10147942B2/en
Publication of WO2016064187A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016064187A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/134Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/1395Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a lithium metal electrode having a multi-layer structure and a method of manufacturing the same, and more particularly, to form a buffer layer of lithium nitride (Li 3 N) on a lithium metal plate, and to form a protective layer of LiBON on the buffer layer.
  • the present invention relates to a method for producing a lithium metal electrode having a multilayer structure, wherein a lithium nitride buffer layer and a LiBON protective layer are successively formed on a lithium metal electrode having a multilayer structure and a lithium metal plate by reactive sputtering.
  • Lithium metal secondary batteries Lithium Metal Battery, LMB
  • Lithium metal secondary batteries use lithium as a negative electrode.
  • Lithium has a low density and low standard reduction potential of -3.04 V, which is light and has the advantage of producing high energy in secondary battery manufacturing.
  • Korean Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2013-0043117 discloses a lithium secondary battery using lithium metal oxides such as LiNiCoMnO 2 , LiNiO 2 , LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiFePO 4 , and the like.
  • lithium oxide is used as a negative electrode in a secondary battery because lithium metal is highly reactive. Lithium metal reacts with moisture in the air to produce by-products such as LiOH, Li 2 O, Li 2 CO 3, and the like.
  • a resistive material is produced, which significantly degrades the performance of the manufactured battery, and may cause an internal short circuit.
  • since lithium is a very weak metal, handling is difficult and it is difficult to utilize it as an electrode.
  • lithium metal electrodes that can solve the reactivity problem of lithium while improving energy efficiency using lithium metal and can simplify the process more.
  • Patent Document 1 Korean Patent Publication No. 2013-0043117 (Published: 2013.04.29)
  • An object of the present invention is to form a protective layer that can ensure the safety by preventing the violent reaction of moisture and lithium metal in the air during cell fabrication, the oxide is formed by the side reaction of oxygen and lithium in the process of forming the protective layer It is to provide a multi-layered lithium metal electrode having a buffer layer for preventing the ion conductivity is reduced.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an electrode having excellent processability by sequentially and successively forming a buffer layer and a protective layer on a lithium metal plate in the same chamber by a reactive sputtering method.
  • an aspect of the present invention is a lithium metal electrode of a multi-layer structure includes a protective layer consisting of a lithium nitride layer formed on the lithium metal plate and LiBON having a composition of the following formula (1):
  • the buffer layer may be formed on one side or both sides of the lithium metal plate, and may be preferably formed on the side facing the electrolyte.
  • LiBON having a composition of Formula 1 is Li 3 . 09 BO 2 . 53 N 0 .52, Li 0.90 BO 0.66 N 0.98, Li 3.51, or 3.03 N 0.52 BO, and the like, but not limited to these.
  • the thickness of the lithium metal plate may be 30 to 500 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the buffer layer lithium nitride layer may be 0.01 to 5 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the protective layer LiBON layer may be 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m.
  • the method of manufacturing the lithium nitride buffer layer or LiBON protective layer is not particularly limited, and for example, a method selected from electron beam deposition, organometallic chemical vapor deposition, reactive sputtering, high frequency sputtering, and magnetron sputtering It can be formed as.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides a method of manufacturing a lithium metal electrode of a multilayer structure by a reactive sputtering method comprising the following steps.
  • lithium nitride (Li 3 N) thin film on one or both surfaces of the lithium metal plate by reactive sputtering
  • LiBON thin film having a composition of Chemical Formula 1 by reactive sputtering in a continuous manner to the lithium nitride thin film.
  • Another aspect of the present invention is a lithium secondary battery including a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and an electrolyte interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, a lithium secondary using a lithium electrode of a multi-layer structure according to the aspect of the present invention as the negative electrode Provide a battery.
  • the lithium metal electrode of the multi-layered structure of the present invention can form a protective layer to protect the lithium metal from moisture or reactivity in the battery environment and prevent dendrite formation.
  • the oxide layer is formed on the lithium metal plate during the formation of the protective layer by the formation of the buffer layer to prevent the problem that the ion conductivity may be reduced.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a lithium metal electrode of a multilayer structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method of manufacturing a lithium metal electrode of a multilayer structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a view showing a lithium metal electrode of a multilayer structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a buffer layer 1210 and a protective layer 1220 are formed on a lithium metal plate 1100.
  • the buffer layer 1210 and the protective layer 1220 are formed on only one surface of the lithium metal plate 1100 in this drawing, both surfaces of the lithium metal plate 1100 may be formed.
  • lithium metal when used as a battery negative electrode, the following problems exist.
  • the dendrite thus formed may grow and cause an internal short circuit directly between the positive electrode and the void of the separator, thereby causing the battery to explode.
  • the buffer layer 1210 and the protective layer 1220 by forming the buffer layer 1210 and the protective layer 1220, it is possible to prevent the formation of the passivation layer and the formation of dendrites and to reinforce the mechanical strength.
  • the buffer layer 1210 blocks handling of the lithium metal in a battery manufacturing environment, thereby making it easier to handle and lowering ion conductivity.
  • the lithium metal plate 1100 uses a plate metal.
  • the lithium metal plate may be adjusted in width depending on the shape of the electrode to facilitate the manufacture of the electrode.
  • the thickness of the lithium metal plate may be 30 to 500 ⁇ m.
  • the buffer layer 1210 may be formed of lithium nitride (Li 3 N), and may be formed on both the top and bottom surfaces of the lithium metal plate 1100 or on only one surface of the lithium metal plate 1100 that faces the electrolyte layer.
  • lithium metal is oxidized in the process of forming the protective layer 1220 to expose to moisture in the air, thereby forming Li 2 O, thereby lowering the ionic conductivity.
  • forming the lithium nitride thin film is to prevent oxidation of the electrode rather than to improve battery performance.
  • the thickness of the lithium nitride layer is sufficient to be applied only enough to prevent the surface of the lithium electrode from being exposed to moisture or air to be oxidized, and if too thick, it causes an unnecessary increase in thickness of the electrode. May be ⁇ m.
  • the protective layer 1220 may be deposited on the surface of the buffer layer 1210 to prevent the lithium metal plate 1100 from being directly exposed to the electrolyte, thereby preventing the reaction between lithium and the electrolyte.
  • the protective layer 1220 of the present invention is made of LiBON and has conductivity, it is possible to smoothly transfer ions to the electrode, thereby increasing battery life and enhancing battery performance.
  • the LiBON may have a composition of Formula 1 below.
  • the LiBON is especially Li 3 . 09 BO 2 . 53 have the following composition when N 0 .52 ionic conductivity up to 2.3 ⁇ 10 -6 S / cm, has been reported to exhibit excellent charge-discharge performance compared to conventional LiPON bar.
  • the thickness of the protective layer 1220 is too thin, the protective effect on the environment of the moisture or the battery may not be sufficiently exhibited. On the contrary, if the thickness is too thick, relative capacity loss may occur due to unnecessary thickness increase. It may be formed to a thickness of ⁇ m.
  • the method of forming the lithium nitride thin film of the buffer layer 1210 and the LiBON thin film of the protective layer 1220 is not particularly limited.
  • electron beam deposition, organometallic chemical vapor deposition, reactive sputtering, high frequency sputtering, and magnetron sputtering Various vapor deposition methods may be used, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • Each of the illustrated deposition methods is a well-known method, and thus a detailed description thereof is omitted herein.
  • the lithium metal electrode 1000 of the multilayer structure according to the present invention may have various widths and lengths depending on the shape of the battery. If necessary, the lithium metal electrode 1000 manufactured in various widths may be wound and cut if necessary.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for manufacturing a lithium electrode of a multi-layer structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a lithium metal electrode is provided in a vacuum chamber (S1).
  • the next step (S2) is a step of forming a lithium nitride (Li 3 N) thin film on one or both sides of the lithium metal plate by nitrogen (N 2 ) gas reactive sputtering method.
  • the next step (S3) is a step of forming a LiBON thin film having the composition of Chemical Formula 1 by reactive sputtering method while leaving the lithium metal plate on which the lithium nitride thin film is formed in the reaction chamber.
  • reactive sputtering is a method of forming a thin film using DC power.
  • a lithium metal is mounted as a target and an argon gas is injected to generate a plasma, and nitrogen may be added as a reactive gas.
  • a lithium metal plate coated with a lithium nitride thin film is targeted in the same vacuum chamber, and boron gas, oxygen gas, and nitrogen gas are added as a reactive gas.
  • Each gas line can be equipped with a Mass Flow Controller (MFC) to control the gas. Only by controlling the amount of the reaction gas precisely, the stoichiometric ratio of the thin film can be matched.
  • MFC Mass Flow Controller
  • One embodiment of the present invention includes a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and an electrolyte interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, the negative electrode provides a lithium secondary battery which is a lithium electrode of the multi-layer structure described above. Since the secondary battery of the present invention manufactures a negative electrode using lithium metal instead of lithium ions, a battery having a higher capacity and a higher energy density than a conventional secondary battery can be manufactured. In addition, by forming a buffer layer on the lithium metal plate before the cathode is manufactured, a protective layer can be formed on the lithium metal plate while preventing lithium from reacting with moisture in the air.
  • a lithium metal plate (thickness: 20 ⁇ m) was exposed to 0.1 Pa of nitrogen (N 2 ) gas for 5 minutes in a vacuum chamber to form a lithium nitride (Li 3 N) thin film (thickness: 0.02 ⁇ m) by the reactive sputtering method. continuously while still placed a lithium metal plate to form a thin film of lithium in the reaction chamber by reactive sputtering a target of Li 2 BO 3 method (reactive sputtering) as Li 3. 09 BO 2 . 53 N 0 LiBON thin film having a composition of 0.52 (thickness: 0.2 ⁇ m) was formed. The lithium metal plate on which the coating layer thus prepared was formed was used as a negative electrode.
  • a symmetric cell of the prepared negative electrode was prepared.
  • a symmetric cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thickness of the lithium nitride (Li 3 N) thin film was formed to 0.02 ⁇ m in Example 1.
  • a symmetric cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thickness of the lithium nitride (Li 3 N) thin film was formed in 0.01 ⁇ m.
  • a symmetric cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thickness of the LiBON thin film was formed to 0.01 ⁇ m in Example 1.
  • a symmetric cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thickness of the LiBON thin film was set to 5 ⁇ m in Example 1.
  • the LiBON thin film in Example 1 was Li 0 . 9 BO 0 . 66 N 0 to 0.98, and the composition of the embodiment in the same manner as in Example 1, but formed to have a symmetrical cell was prepared.
  • the LiBON thin film in Example 1 was Li 3 . 51 BO 3 . 03 N 0 to 0.52, and the composition of the embodiment in the same manner as in Example 1, but formed to have a symmetrical cell was prepared.
  • a symmetric cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the lithium nitride (Li 3 N) thin film and the LiBON thin film were not formed in Example 1.
  • a symmetric cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the LiBON thin film was not formed in Example 1.
  • a symmetric cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the lithium nitride (Li 3 N) thin film was not formed in Example 1.
  • a lithium metal plate (thickness: 20 ⁇ m) was exposed to 0.1 Pa of nitrogen (N 2 ) gas for 5 minutes in a vacuum chamber to form a lithium nitride (Li 3 N) thin film (thickness: 0.02 ⁇ m) by the reactive sputtering method. continuously while still placed a lithium metal plate to form a thin film of lithium in the reaction chamber by reactive sputtering a target of Li 3 PO 4 method (reactive sputtering) by LiPON LiPON thin film having a composition of 1, 0.33: (thickness 0.2 ⁇ m) was formed.
  • the lithium metal plate on which the coating layer thus prepared was formed was used as a negative electrode.
  • a symmetric cell of the prepared negative electrode was prepared.
  • a symmetric cell was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 4 except that the thickness of the LiPON thin film in Comparative Example 4 was 0.1 ⁇ m.
  • a symmetric cell was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 4 except that the thickness of the LiPON thin film was formed at 2 ⁇ m in Comparative Example 4.
  • the symmetric cells prepared in Examples and Comparative Examples were charged and discharged at 83% DOD (depth of discharge) and 1C charge and discharge conditions. After the charging and discharging, it was visually observed whether the Li metal was oxidized and whether the LiBON thin film or the LiPON thin film was cracked, and the cycle efficiency (%) was measured. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
  • the optimum thickness of the lithium nitride (Li 3 N) thin film in Examples 1 to 3 is 0.02 ⁇ m.
  • LiBON thin film coating may cause oxidation of Li.
  • the thickness is larger, the Li efficiency decreases due to the low ion conductivity of the lithium nitride (Li 3 N) thin film. .
  • the optimum thickness of the LiBON thin film is 0.2 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness is smaller than this, lithium is exposed to the electrolyte due to the breakdown of the LiBON thin film during charge and discharge, and when the thickness is larger, the efficiency decreases due to the resistance.
  • the LiBON thin film is not formed to prevent lithium dendrite formation
  • the lithium nitride (Li 3 N) thin film is not formed so that the battery is not driven by the formation of LiO 2 during coating of the LiBON thin film. It can be seen that.
  • lithium metal electrode 1100 lithium metal plate
  • buffer layer 1220 protective layer
  • the present invention relates to a lithium metal electrode having a multi-layer structure and a method of manufacturing the same, the multi-layer structure of forming a buffer layer of lithium nitride (Li 3 N) on a lithium metal plate, and a protective layer of LiBON on the buffer layer
  • the present invention relates to a method for producing a lithium metal electrode having a multi-layer structure in which a lithium nitride buffer layer and a LiBON protective layer are successively formed on a lithium metal plate by a lithium metal electrode and a reactive sputtering method.
  • the lithium metal electrode may be used as a negative electrode of a lithium secondary battery.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention porte sur une électrode de lithium métallique à structure multicouche et son procédé de fabrication, et plus précisément sur une électrode de lithium métallique à structure multicouche comprenant : une couche tampon de nitrure de lithium (Li3N) formée sur une plaque de lithium métallique ; et une couche de protection en LiBON formée sur la couche tampon, et sur un procédé de fabrication d'une électrode de lithium métallique à structure multicouche par formation en continu d'une couche tampon de nitrure de lithium et d'une couche de protection en LiBON sur une plaque de lithium métallique par pulvérisation cathodique réactive en continu. L'électrode de lithium métallique à structure multicouche de la présente invention peut protéger la réactivité du lithium métallique contre l'humidité ou un environnement à l'intérieur d'une batterie, et empêcher la formation de dendrites, par formation de la couche de protection. En outre, la formation de la couche tampon empêche la détérioration de la conductivité ionique, provoquée par une couche d'oxyde formée sur la plaque de lithium métallique dans le processus de formation de la couche de protection.
PCT/KR2015/011145 2014-10-23 2015-10-21 Électrode de lithium métallique à structure multicouche et son procédé de fabrication Ceased WO2016064187A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15852801.8A EP3179539B1 (fr) 2014-10-23 2015-10-21 Électrode de lithium métallique à structure multicouche et son procédé de fabrication
CN201580049923.9A CN106716690B (zh) 2014-10-23 2015-10-21 多层结构锂金属电极及其制造方法
JP2017501356A JP6357728B2 (ja) 2014-10-23 2015-10-21 多層構造のリチウム金属電極及びその製造方法
US15/507,641 US10147942B2 (en) 2014-10-23 2015-10-21 Multi-layer structured lithium metal electrode and method for manufacturing same

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR20140144248 2014-10-23
KR10-2014-0144248 2014-10-23
KR10-2015-0145771 2015-10-20
KR1020150145771A KR101984719B1 (ko) 2014-10-23 2015-10-20 다층구조의 리튬금속 전극 및 이의 제조방법

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112436140A (zh) * 2019-08-26 2021-03-02 青岛九环新越新能源科技股份有限公司 抑制枝晶生长的复合材料

Citations (5)

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KR20030014263A (ko) * 2002-12-09 2003-02-15 한국과학기술연구원 다층구조의 리튬 전극, 그 제조 방법 및 그를 이용한리튬전지
KR20030038549A (ko) * 2000-09-28 2003-05-16 히다치 맥셀 가부시키가이샤 복합 전극 재료 및 그 제조 방법, 및 그 복합 전극 재료를이용한 전기 화학 소자
JP2006100083A (ja) * 2004-09-29 2006-04-13 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 電池用負極とこれを用いた電池
KR20130106965A (ko) * 2012-03-21 2013-10-01 지에스칼텍스 주식회사 고온 열처리가 가능한 플렉시블 박막전지 및 이의 제조방법
KR20140083024A (ko) * 2011-10-13 2014-07-03 시온 파워 코퍼레이션 전극 구조물 및 그의 제조 방법

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20030038549A (ko) * 2000-09-28 2003-05-16 히다치 맥셀 가부시키가이샤 복합 전극 재료 및 그 제조 방법, 및 그 복합 전극 재료를이용한 전기 화학 소자
KR20030014263A (ko) * 2002-12-09 2003-02-15 한국과학기술연구원 다층구조의 리튬 전극, 그 제조 방법 및 그를 이용한리튬전지
JP2006100083A (ja) * 2004-09-29 2006-04-13 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 電池用負極とこれを用いた電池
KR20140083024A (ko) * 2011-10-13 2014-07-03 시온 파워 코퍼레이션 전극 구조물 및 그의 제조 방법
KR20130106965A (ko) * 2012-03-21 2013-10-01 지에스칼텍스 주식회사 고온 열처리가 가능한 플렉시블 박막전지 및 이의 제조방법

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112436140A (zh) * 2019-08-26 2021-03-02 青岛九环新越新能源科技股份有限公司 抑制枝晶生长的复合材料

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