WO2015118699A1 - 満腹感持続剤および満足感を維持する方法 - Google Patents
満腹感持続剤および満足感を維持する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015118699A1 WO2015118699A1 PCT/JP2014/060908 JP2014060908W WO2015118699A1 WO 2015118699 A1 WO2015118699 A1 WO 2015118699A1 JP 2014060908 W JP2014060908 W JP 2014060908W WO 2015118699 A1 WO2015118699 A1 WO 2015118699A1
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- Prior art keywords
- psicose
- satiety
- feeling
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- fullness
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/7004—Monosaccharides having only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/125—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives containing carbohydrate syrups; containing sugars; containing sugar alcohols; containing starch hydrolysates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/30—Dietetic or nutritional methods, e.g. for losing weight
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
- A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2200/00—Function of food ingredients
- A23V2200/30—Foods, ingredients or supplements having a functional effect on health
- A23V2200/332—Promoters of weight control and weight loss
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2250/00—Food ingredients
- A23V2250/60—Sugars, e.g. mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-saccharides
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a satiety-satisfying agent or a satiety-satisfying method capable of sustaining a feeling of fullness by ingesting D-psicose into the body.
- the present invention relates to a satiety-sustaining agent or a satiety-sustaining method that can reduce the risk of obesity caused by overeating and thereby prevent and improve a pathological condition such as obesity.
- Obesity is one of the pathologies that result from excessive accumulation of carbohydrates and lipids resulting from excessive intake of food as triglycerides in the subcutaneous fat tissue and tissues around the organs. Synthesizes and secretes adipocytokines such as TNF- ⁇ and adversely affects carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism, and visceral fat accumulation type obesity is regarded as more problematic. If the visceral fat, hyperglycemia or hyperlipidemia state persists for a long time due to metabolic abnormalities, the risk of progressing to diseases such as diabetes, arteriosclerosis, hypertension and heart disease increases, which is extremely dangerous.
- Non-Patent Documents 1 to 4 There is a report that a feeling of fullness is felt.
- Patent Document 1 a composition for suppressing hunger sensation mainly comprising agar
- Patent Document 3 Hypoglycemic response to diabetic patients, including administration of insoluble crystalline cellulose added to or coated with insoluble crystalline cellulose (Patent Document 3), and administration of pullulan to diabetic patients
- All of the methods (Patent Document 4) for producing spleen are intended to maintain a feeling of satiety by using polysaccharides having almost zero calories, and in addition, a feeling of satiety using polyglutamic acid as an active ingredient.
- Patent Document 5 A sustaining agent (Patent Document 5), a satiety-inducing composition (Patent Document 6) containing fermented whey as an active ingredient, an edible phosphoprotein and a specific metal salt Food composition having such (Patent Document 7), which utilizes a protein peptide is disclosed. Furthermore, what utilizes an amylase inhibitor (patent document 8) is also known.
- Patent Document 9 a pharmaceutical composition that directly acts on a neurotransmitter in the brain is known.
- a pharmaceutical composition that directly acts on a neurotransmitter in the brain.
- it acts on the entire brain as a serotonin agonist or dopamine agonist there are problems of not only appetite suppression but also side effects such as abnormal blood pressure, gastrointestinal disorders, and neuropsychiatric symptoms.
- Non-Patent Document 5 D-psicose has zero calories (Non-Patent Document 5), and reports such as postprandial blood glucose level increase suppressing effect (Patent Document 1, Non-Patent Documents 6 and 7) and anti-obesity effect (Non-Patent Document 8) have been reported.
- Patent Document 1 Non-Patent Documents 6 and 7
- Non-Patent Document 8 anti-obesity effect
- suppression of increase in postprandial blood glucose level has been observed by ingesting 5 g of D-psicose together with a daily meal in humans (Non-patent Documents 6 and 7).
- Non-patent Document 7 D-glucose
- fructose fructose
- Non-Patent Document 9 D-psicose does not directly act on the brain
- the purpose is to provide a way to sustain the feeling.
- the first invention of the present invention is a satiety-satisfying agent characterized by comprising D-psicose as an active ingredient.
- the second invention of the present invention is characterized in that, in the first invention, oral intake of D-psicose is transmitted to the brain via the afferent vagus nerve to maintain a feeling of fullness.
- the third invention of the present invention is characterized in that, in the first invention, D-psicose is included so that 0.07 g to 3 g is ingested as D-psicose per kg of body weight per meal. .
- the invention is used between 1 hour before feeding and immediately before feeding.
- the fifth invention of the present invention is characterized in that, in the first invention, it is used for an individual who needs to suppress an increase in postprandial blood glucose level or an obese individual. 6th invention of this invention is used for manufacture of diet food-drinks in 1st invention, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.
- the seventh aspect of the present invention is a method for sustaining a feeling of fullness characterized by the step of ingesting or administering D-psicose to a subject.
- the eighth invention of the present invention is that, in the seventh invention, the step of ingesting or administering D-psicose comprises ingesting or administering 0.07 g to 3.0 g per kg of body weight per meal. It is characterized by becoming.
- the step of ingesting or administering D-psicose is provided between 1 hour before feeding and immediately before feeding.
- the step of ingesting or administering D-psicose is provided for each meal.
- the eleventh invention of the present invention is characterized in that, in the seventh invention, the step of ingesting or administering D-psicose is provided once per day before breakfast.
- the step of ingesting or administering D-psicose is performed by oral ingestion or oral administration of D-psicose, and the oral ingestion or oral administration is afferent vagus nerve. It is a process of maintaining a feeling of fullness by being transmitted to the brain via.
- the thirteenth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, in the seventh aspect, the subject is an individual who needs to suppress an increase in postprandial blood glucose level or an obese individual.
- the present invention can provide a satiety-satisfying agent that gives a feeling of continuous satiety or a method of sustaining a feeling of fullness.
- the satiety-sustaining agent or the method of sustaining a feeling of fullness of the present invention produces a feeling of fullness when ingested, and the feeling of fullness lasts for a certain period of time.
- the satiety sustaining agent or the method of sustaining satiety according to the present invention not only does the blood sugar level increase by ingestion alone, but also suppresses the increase in postprandial blood glucose level when ingested before a meal, and further increases the postprandial blood glucose level.
- the satiety-sustaining agent of the present invention does not act directly on the brain, but conveys information to the brain region confined through the afferent vagus nerve distributed in the periphery to maintain a feeling of fullness. Absent. Therefore, by using the satiety-sustaining agent of the present invention or the method for sustaining satiety, overeating can be avoided, which is useful for preventing or improving obesity, lifestyle-related diseases and the like.
- the use of the satiety-sustaining agent of the present invention makes it easier to perform a diet. That is, the diet food / beverage products which can maintain a feeling of fullness by ingesting the satiety feeling maintenance agent of this invention can be provided.
- the present invention since the present invention has been demonstrated to have effects of sustaining a person's fullness, reducing hunger, and reducing appetite, preventing obesity due to overeating, lifestyle-related diseases, and reducing the morbidity of adult diseases It can contribute to health promotion.
- the transition of the cumulative food intake (relative value,%) when D-psicose is orally administered to mice orally is shown.
- the transition of the cumulative food intake (relative value,%) when D-psicose is intraperitoneally administered to mice is shown.
- the transition of the cumulative food intake (kcal) when D-glucose is orally administered to mice orally is shown.
- mouth is shown.
- the amount of c-Fos expression (nerve activation marker) in the mouse vagus nerve ganglion and medullary solitary nucleus after oral administration of D-psicose into the stomach is shown.
- the transition of cumulative liquid food intake (g) after oral intragastric administration of D-psicose to sham-operated mice or subpharyngeal vagus nerve cut mice is shown.
- the transition of a feeling of fullness after a meal when a human is ingested D-psicose is shown.
- the transition of the feeling of hunger after a meal when a human ingests D-psicose is shown.
- the transition of the appetite after a meal when a human is ingested D-psicose is shown.
- the present invention relates to a satiety-satisfying agent containing D-psicose as an active ingredient and a method for sustaining satiety, and contributes to preventing excessive food intake and maintaining a healthy body.
- the effect of D-psicose on the feeling of fullness is not due to discomfort or aversion after taking D-psicose.
- D-psicose does not directly act on the feeding center of the brain, but acts on the brain via the afferent vagus nerve of visceral sensory nerves widely distributed in peripheral organs to induce and sustain satiety. . It is useful for preventing human health due to overeating because it has effects of sustaining fullness, reducing hunger and reducing appetite for people who have taken D-psicose.
- a feeling of fullness refers to a state in which a feeling of fullness obtained by a certain amount of meal is sustained, a state in which a feeling of hunger is suppressed, or a state in which appetite is suppressed.
- a questionnaire obtained by improving the Visual Analog Scales (VAS) method (Non-patent Document 11) is used.
- VAS Visual Analog Scales
- it is judged by the item of the degree of desire for meal.
- sustained satiety means that the above-mentioned feeling of satiety lasts for at least 2 hours, preferably 3 hours or more, more preferably 4 hours or more.
- D-psicose used in the present invention is one of monosaccharides (rare sugars) that have a small abundance in nature, and is a hexose sugar (C 6 H 12 O 6 ).
- D-psicose has a sweetness of about 70% that of sugar and has an elegant and refreshing sweetness similar to D-fructose, but with almost zero calories.
- Patent Document 10 a production method obtained by treating D-fructose with an enzyme epimerase is known, but an extract from a natural product such as Zina or a product contained in a natural product is known. Extraction and purification may be used.
- the satiety-satisfying agent comprising D-psicose of the present invention as an active ingredient can be used for general sweeteners and foods and drinks, and further used as a raw material for all pharmaceuticals, quasi-drugs and feeds. be able to.
- the food / beverage products are functional food / beverage products such as beauty food / beverage products, sick food / beverage products, food / beverage products for specific health, etc., with the concept of maintaining a feeling of fullness or suppressing a feeling of hunger. Goods are included.
- the foods and drinks are not particularly limited and may be anything, for example, pudding, jelly, candy, chocolate, bread, cakes, cookies, buns and other confectionery products, egg products such as fresh cream, and functions
- Beverages such as organic beverages, lactic acid beverages, fruit juice beverages, carbonated beverages, luxury products such as tea and instant coffee, dairy products such as ice cream, yogurt and cheese, pastes such as pickled fruit syrup, ham and sausages
- livestock products such as bacon, processed fish products such as fish ham and fish sausage, seasonings such as soy sauce, sauces and dressings.
- the form thereof is not particularly limited.
- nutritional additives and compositions such as amino acids, vitamins and minerals, fragrances and pigments.
- the above-mentioned pharmaceuticals and quasi-drugs in addition to using D-psicose alone, it can be used in combination with other materials as tablets, capsules, granules, powders, liquids, etc., limited to oral administration
- parenteral administration by injections, patches, sprays and the like is also included.
- Such pharmaceutical preparations can be prepared by combining appropriate additives such as general excipients, stabilizers, preservatives, binders, and disintegrants.
- the preferred form is oral administration, preferably administered to an individual who needs to suppress an increase in postprandial blood glucose level or an obese individual.
- feed for livestock, poultry and pets such as feed for small animals used for rabbits, rats, mice, etc., pet food for dogs, cats, small birds, etc., feed for livestock such as cattle, pigs, etc.
- feed for livestock such as cattle, pigs, etc.
- the intake of D-psicose in the satiety-sustaining agent or the satiety-sustaining method comprising D-psicose of the present invention as an active ingredient is not particularly limited as long as the effect is obtained. It is preferable to ingest 0.07 to 3.0 g of D-psicose per kg, more preferably 0.1 to 2.0 g, still more preferably 0.3 to 1.5 g. Regarding intake, depending on the subject's health, weight, gender, age or other conditions, for example, taking into account the laxative effect, the amount of D-psicose that can be taken at one time per adult (60 kg) is It is preferable that it is 30g. The timing of ingestion is preferably before meals, more preferably within 1 hour before meals, and more preferably within 15 to 30 minutes before meals.
- the agent for maintaining satiety according to the present invention When the agent for maintaining satiety according to the present invention is ingested, the effect is exerted about 15 minutes after ingestion, and thereafter the satiety is maintained, thereby reducing appetite and reducing the amount of meals.
- the duration of satiety after ingestion varies depending on conditions, it has been confirmed that it lasts from 6 to 12 hours after ingestion and returns to the state before ingestion after 24 hours.
- the satiety maintaining agent of the present invention has the effect of sustaining a feeling of fullness for about 12 hours, it can be taken even before breakfast, lunch or dinner by taking it once before breakfast. Can also limit the amount of food.
- the subject of ingestion of the satiety sustaining agent of the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be a healthy person, a person aiming at prevention or improvement of lifestyle-related diseases such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, etc. Any person who intends to restrict the intake of food may be used.
- D-psicose which is an active ingredient of the satiety-satisfying agent of the present invention, has been studied in the past through antioxidant, cytoprotective, postprandial blood glucose level-inhibiting, anti-arteriosclerotic, pancreatic ⁇ -cell degeneration, Since it is known to exert fat accumulation-inhibiting action and to be a safe substance with no side effects on the human body, these actions can be used for lifestyle-related diseases such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. Can be addressed at the same time and does not limit the number of people who take it.
- D-psicose is a substance used as a sweetening agent, there is no difficulty in ingestion, and even if it is added to foods, it can be eaten without feeling uncomfortable.
- the application of the satiety-sustaining agent of the present invention is not limited to humans, and any effect can be obtained as long as it is a mammal.
- the satiety-sustaining agent of the present invention is also used for producing diet foods and drinks, and in a diet food such that 0.07 g to 3 g is ingested as D-psicose per kg body weight per meal. Added.
- mice were used as experimental animals. Mice were bred for at least 1 week in individual cages and acclimated to the environment. After fasting for 16 hours from 18:00 on the day before the experiment, each test solution was orally or intraperitoneally administered. In each administration, physiological saline (10 mL / kg) was administered as a control group, and D-psicose (0.3 g / kg, 1 g / kg, 3 g / kg) was administered as a test group. At this time, the concentration of each test solution was 0.3%, 10%, and 30%, respectively.
- CE-2 feed general mouse feed with balanced nutrition, made by CLEA Japan
- CE-2 feed general mouse feed with balanced nutrition, made by CLEA Japan
- a comparative example of D-psicose oral D-glucose (1 g / kg and 3 g / kg) having a sweetness comparable to D-psicose and having a similar structure but being metabolized and contributing to energy production
- the intragastric administration experiment was also performed in the same manner.
- ⁇ Test results> The results obtained by plotting the elapsed time after administration on the horizontal axis and the cumulative food intake (relative value,%) for each elapsed time on the vertical axis are shown in FIG. 1 (oral intragastric administration) and FIG. ).
- the cumulative food intake (relative value,%) represents the ratio of cumulative food intake in each group, where the average food intake of the physiological saline group at each time for each experiment conducted is 100%.
- the obtained results were expressed as mean values and standard errors, and statistical tests were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance. When significant, Dunnett's test was performed on the control group. The significance level of the test is less than 5% on both sides, * is less than 5% risk, and ** is less than 1% risk.
- FIG. 0h represents the energy of D-glucose administered orally in the stomach
- intake energy (kcal) including the amount of administered D-glucose energy is represented by intake energy (kcal) including the amount of administered D-glucose energy.
- FIGS. 3 Oral intragastric administration of D-glucose (1 g / kg and 3 g / kg) did not affect food intake at any dose (FIG. 3). From the above, it was found that oral administration of D-psicose 1 g / kg and 3 g / kg orally and intraperitoneal administration of D-psicose 3 g / kg have the effect of reducing food intake.
- ⁇ Test method> As an experimental animal, the same C57BL / 6J male mouse as in the previous experiment was used. Mice housed in individual cages were given 2 bottles of water for 2 days only from 10:00 to 12:00 and acclimatized to a restricted water schedule. On day 6, a 0.15% saccharin solution was presented for 30 minutes, and then lithium chloride (3 mmol / kg) was administered intraperitoneally to form aversive learning on the taste of the saccharin solution (conditioning). Similarly, a control group to which physiological saline (10 mL / kg) was orally administered and a test group to which psicose (1 g / kg or 3 g / kg) was orally administered were prepared.
- the above-mentioned water restriction schedule was implemented as a rest day.
- the 8th day as a test day, two bottles of 0.15% saccharin solution and water were simultaneously presented for 30 minutes, and the preference ratio (saccharin intake / total intake of the two bottles) of the saccharin solution was measured.
- c-Fos is a kind of immediate early gene, and is an intranuclear protein whose expression level increases with nerve activation, and can be used as a nerve activation marker.
- FIG. 5 shows the results of the expression levels of c-Fos in the mouse vagus nerve ganglia and the medullary solitary nucleus after oral administration of D-psicose.
- the obtained results were expressed as mean values and standard errors, and statistical tests were performed using the unpaired Student'st test, where * represents a risk rate of less than 5% and ** represents a risk rate of less than 1%.
- oral intragastric administration of D-psicose (1 g / kg) significantly increased the amount of c-Fos expression in the vagus nerve ganglion as compared with the physiological saline group.
- test solution As each test solution administered, physiological saline (10 mL / kg) or D-psicose (1 g / kg) was orally administered into the stomach in both the sham operation group and the vagus nerve cutting group. At this time, the concentration of the D-psicose solution was 10%.
- test solution was orally administered to mice at 9:45, and a liquid food was freely taken from 10:00, and the amount of food intake was measured over time.
- FIG. 6 shows cumulative liquid food intake after oral administration of D-psicose (1 g / kg) to subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve-cutting mice and their sham-operated mice.
- the elapsed time was plotted on the horizontal axis, and the cumulative liquid food intake (g) up to each elapsed time was plotted on the vertical axis.
- the obtained results were expressed as mean values and standard errors, and statistical tests were performed using the unpaired Student'st test, where * represents a risk rate of less than 5% and ** represents a risk rate of less than 1%.
- oral intragastric administration of D-psicose (1 g / kg) significantly suppressed the amount of food intake until 3 hours after administration, but the effect disappeared in the vagus nerve amputation group.
- ⁇ Test method> The test was carried out by two groups of single blind crossover methods on 7 healthy persons who had no smoking habits (average age 35.0 years old, 4 men, 3 women, average BMI 21.7 kg / m 2 ).
- Non-Patent Document 6 for adult males and females with a focus on the borderline type of diabetes, either 5g D-psicose or 10mg of aspartame, a high-intensity sweetener, is added to the breakfast with the same sweetness.
- 5g D-psicose or 10mg of aspartame a high-intensity sweetener
- the questionnaire about appetite was evaluated by the VAS (Visual Analog Scale) method, and created based on Non-Patent Document 11. Three questionnaire items were set: feeling full, feeling hungry, and appetite. In each item, the subject was marked on a straight line with a length of 100 mm at the position closest to the current state, and the length from the left end to the marked position was measured with a ruler and digitized. The results obtained are expressed as mean values and standard errors, and statistical tests are performed using the corresponding Student'st test. * Is less than 5% risk, ** is less than 1% risk, and ** is risky. The rate was expressed as less than 0.1%.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a novel satiety-saturating agent and a method for maintaining a feeling of fullness, which can maintain a feeling of fullness despite suppressing an increase in blood glucose level after meals.
- a novel satiety-saturating agent and a method for maintaining a feeling of fullness which can maintain a feeling of fullness despite suppressing an increase in blood glucose level after meals.
- the D-psicose-containing satiety maintaining agent of the present invention has no side effects, and can be used in various foods or drinks or as an active ingredient of a medicine.
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Abstract
Description
しかしながら、D-プシコースの摂取が満腹感を持続させること、及び空腹時におけるD-プシコースの摂取がその後の食欲・食事摂取量を低減させることについては、これまでに報告はない。一方、満腹感の誘導や持続には血糖値上昇や高粘性物質による胃拡張が重要であることが知られているが、D-プシコースは血糖値を上昇させないこと及び粘性をほぼ示さないことから、D-プシコースが満腹感を持続させるだろうとの予測は成り立たなかった。
 
本発明の第3の発明は、第1の発明において、食事1回に対して、体重1kg当たりD-プシコースとして0.07g~3gが摂取されるようにD-プシコースを含むことを特徴とする。
本発明の第4の発明は、第1の発明において、摂食1時間前から摂食直前までの間に用いられることを特徴とする。
本発明の第5の発明は、第1の発明において、食後血糖値上昇の抑制が必要な個体または肥満の個体に対して用いられることを特徴とする。
本発明の第6の発明は、第1の発明において、ダイエット飲食品の製造に用いられることを特徴とする。
本発明の第9の発明は、第7の発明において、D-プシコースを摂取または投与する工程が、摂食1時間前から摂食直前までの間にもうけられることを特徴とする。
本発明の第10の発明は、第7の発明において、D-プシコースを摂取または投与する工程が、食事毎にもうけられることを特徴とする。
本発明の第11の発明は、第7の発明において、D-プシコースを摂取または投与する工程が、一日あたり朝食前に一回もうけられることを特徴とする。
本発明の第12の発明は、第7の発明において、D-プシコースを摂取または投与する工程が、D-プシコースの経口摂取または経口投与で行われ、その経口摂取または経口投与が求心性迷走神経を介して脳に伝達されて満腹感を持続させる工程であることを特徴とする。
本発明の第13の発明は、第7の発明において、食後血糖値上昇の抑制が必要な個体または肥満の個体を対象とすることを特徴とする。
本発明の満腹感持続剤または満腹感を持続させる方法では、単独摂取により血糖値を上げないばかりか、食事前に摂取した場合には食後血糖値の上昇を抑制し、しかも食後血糖値の上昇を抑制するにも関わらず満腹感を一定時間持続させる効果を有するため、食事の摂取制限を意識せずともカロリー制限を効果的に行うことができることとなり、ひいては高血圧、高脂血症、糖尿病等の生活習慣病の予防及び改善が期待できる。また、本発明の満腹感持続剤は脳に直接作用するのではなく、末梢に分布する求心性迷走神経を介して限局した脳領域に情報を伝達して満腹感を持続させるため、大きな副作用もない。
したがって、本発明の満腹感持続剤または満腹感を持続する方法を用いれば、過食を回避することができ、肥満や生活習慣病等の予防又は改善に有用である。また、本発明の満腹感持続剤を用いることにより、ダイエットの遂行が容易となる。すなわち、本発明の満腹感持続剤を摂取することにより満腹感を持続させることができるダイエット飲食品を提供することができる。
また、本発明は、人の満腹感の持続、空腹感の低減、食欲の低減効果を奏することが実証されているところから、人の過食による肥満防止、生活習慣病、成人病の罹病率低下など健康増進に貢献することができる。
D-プシコースの満腹感持続効果はD-プシコース摂取後の不快感・嫌悪感に起因するものではない。また、D-プシコースが脳の摂食中枢に直接作用するのではなく、末梢臓器に広く分布する内臓感覚神経の求心性迷走神経を介して脳に作用することで満腹感が誘導・持続される。D-プシコースを摂取した人に対して、満腹感の持続、空腹感の低減、食欲の低減効果を奏することから過食による人の健康の防止に有用である。
量が少ない単糖(希少糖)の一つで食経験があり、六炭糖(C6H12O6)である。D-プシコースの甘味度は砂糖の約70%であり、D-フルクトースと類似した上品で爽やかな甘味を有しているが、カロリーはほぼゼロである。
D-プシコースの製造に関しては、D-フルクトースを酵素エピメラーゼ処理して得る製法(特許文献10)等が知られているが、ズイナ等の天然物からの抽出物若しくは天然物中に含まれるものを抽出、精製して使用しても良い。
本発明の満腹感維持剤の有効成分であるD-プシコースは従来からの研究により、抗酸化作用、細胞保護作用、食後血糖値上昇抑制作用、抗動脈硬化作用、膵β細胞の変性抑制作用、脂肪蓄積抑制作用を発揮すること、および人体に対する副作用もなく安全な物質であることが知られていることから、これらの作用を利用して高血圧や高脂血症、糖尿病等の生活習慣病にも同時に対処することが可能であるし、摂取する人を制限することもない。また、D-プシコースは甘味剤として利用される物質であるから、経口摂取に際して困難性はなく、さらに、食品類に添加しても違和感なく食することが可能である。
本発明の満腹感持続剤の適用は、ヒトに限定されず哺乳動物であればいずれであっても効果が奏される。
実験動物としては、C57BL/6J雄性マウスを用いた。マウスは個別ケージ内で1週間以上予備飼育させ環境に順化させた。実験前日の18時00分から16時間絶食させた後、各試験液を経口胃内投与あるいは腹腔内投与した。各投与において、control群として生理食塩水(10mL/kg)、試験群としてD-プシコース(0.3g/kg、1g/kg、3g/kg)を投与した。この時の各試験液の濃度はそれぞれ0.3%、10%、30%であった。9時45分から各溶液を投与し、10時00分からCE-2飼料(栄養バランスの摂れた一般的なマウス用飼料、日本クレア製)をマウスに自由摂食させ、0.5時間、1時間、2時間、3時間、6時間、24時間後の摂食量を経時的に測定した。
なお、D-プシコースの比較例として、D-プシコースと同程度の甘味度を有し、類似構造であるが代謝されてエネルギー産生に寄与するD-グルコース(1g/kg及び3g/kg)の経口胃内投与実験についても同様の手法により行った。
投与後の経過時間を横軸にとり、その経過時間毎の累積摂食量(相対値、%)を縦軸にプロットして得られる結果を図1(経口胃内投与)及び図2(腹腔ない投与)に示す。尚、累積摂食量(相対値、%)に関しては、実施した実験毎の各時間の生理食塩水群の平均摂食量を100%として、各群での累積摂食量の比率を表す。得られた結果は平均値及び標準誤差で表し、統計学的検定は一元配置分散分析により解析し、有意な場合はcontrol群に対してDunnett‘s検定を行った。検定の有意水準は両側5%未満とし、*は危険率5%未満、**は危険率1%未満で表記した。
その結果、一晩絶食させた空腹状態のマウスにD-プシコースを経口胃内投与した場合、0.3g/kg投与群は投与後いずれの時間帯においても摂食量に変化はなかったが、D-プシコース1g/kg投与群及び3g/kg投与群においては投与0.5~6時間後までの摂食量が有意に低下した(図1)。他方、腹腔内投与した場合には、D-プシコース1g/kg投与群では摂食量に影響を与えず、D-プシコース3g/kg投与群では投与0.5~6時間後までの摂食量が有意に低下した(図2)。
以上より、D-プシコース1g/kg及び3g/kgの経口胃内投与、及びD-プシコース3g/kgの腹腔内投与は摂食量を低減させる効果があることを見出した。
実験動物としては、先の実験と同じC57BL/6J雄性マウスを用いた。個別ケージで飼育しているマウスに10時00分から12時00分の2時間のみ二瓶の水を5日間与え、制限水スケジュールに順化させた。6日目、0.15%サッカリン溶液を30分間提示し、その後リチウムクロライド(3mmol/kg)を腹腔内投与することでサッカリン溶液の味に対する嫌悪学習を形成させた(条件付け)。同様に、生理食塩水(10mL/kg)を経口投与したcontrol群と、プシコース(1g/kgまたは3g/kg)を経口投与した試験群を作成した。7日目は休息日として前述の制限水スケジュールを実施した。8日目は試験日として、0.15%サッカリン溶液と水の二瓶を同時に30分間提示し、サッカリン溶液の嗜好比(サッカリン摂取量/二瓶全体の摂取量)を測定した。
マウス条件付け味嫌悪学習を形成後のサッカリン溶液嗜好比を図4に示す。得られた結果は平均値及び標準誤差で表し、統計学的検定は一元配置分散分析により解析後、control群に対してDunnett‘s検定を行い、**は危険率1%未満で表記した。
生理食塩水投与群は強いサッカリン溶液嗜好性を示し、一方、内臓不快感を誘導するリチウムクロライド投与群はサッカリン溶液に対する嗜好性が著しく減弱した。摂食量低減効果を誘導するD-プシコースの経口胃内投与は、1g/kg及び3g/kg投与共にサッカリン溶液嗜好性に影響を与えなかった。
D-プシコース(1g/kg及び3g/kg)のマウスへの経口胃内投与は、投与後6時間までの強い摂食量低減効果を示した。この時、経口胃内投与したD-プシコースは味嫌悪行動に影響を与えず、D-プシコースは嫌悪感無しで摂食量を低下させることが判明した。従って、D-プシコースの経口摂取により満腹感が誘導され、摂食量が低減されたことが示唆された。
この摂食量低減作用は、D-プシコースの類縁体であるD-グルコースではみられず、D-プシコース特有の効果であった。さらに、この摂食量低減効果はD-プシコースを腹腔内へ投与するより経口胃内投与することで強力に発揮された。従って、D-プシコースによる摂食量低減作用を十分に発揮させるためには、D-プシコースを食品として経口摂取することが有効な手段であると考えられた。また、D-プシコースのマウスに対する摂食量低減有効量は、低用量の1g/kgで十分作用していると考えられた。
D-プシコースは経口胃内投与で強力に摂食が抑制されることから、D-プシコースがまず消化管に作用し、最終的に摂食量を低下させている可能性が考えられた。食後の満腹感形成には食後分泌される消化管ホルモンが重要な役割を果たすことが知られている。そして、消化管ホルモンの多くは、消化管周囲に分布する内臓感覚神経である「求心性迷走神経」に直接作用し、その神経情報が脳へ伝達されることで満腹感誘導・摂食量低減が発揮される。従って、D-プシコースの摂食量低減作用には求心性迷走神経を介している可能性が考えられた。
<試験方法>
D-プシコースの経口投与によって「求心性迷走神経」とその投射先である「延髄孤束核」の活性化を、神経活性化マーカーであるc-Fosの発現量を免疫染色法にて解析した。c-Fosとは、immediate early geneの1種で、神経の活性化に伴い発現量が上昇する核内タンパク質であり、神経活性化マーカーとして利用できる。また、求心性迷走神経の細胞体は全て迷走神経下神経節に局在し、末梢側(心臓・肺・消化管・膵臓・肝臓など多くの内臓)と中枢側(延髄孤束核)に投射する双極性神経である。
実験動物としては、C57BL/6J雄性マウスを用い、個別ケージ内で1週間以上予備飼育及びハンドリングをして環境に順化させた。一晩絶食させたマウスにD-プシコース(1g/kg)を経口胃内投与後し、その30分ごと90分後に4%パラホルムアルデヒド溶液にて灌流固定し迷走神経下神経節と脳をそれぞれ摘出した。それぞれの臓器は4%パラホルムアルデヒド溶液にて後固定し、凍結切片標本を作製した。この凍結切片標本を用いてc-Fos免疫染色を行った。
D-プシコース経口投与後のマウス迷走神経下神経節と延髄孤束核のc-Fos発現量の結果を図5に示す。得られた結果は平均値及び標準誤差で表し、統計学的検定は対応のないStudent’st検定を用い、*は危険率5%未満、**は危険率1%未満で表記した。
本試験の結果、D-プシコース(1g/kg)経口胃内投与は生理食塩水群と比較して、迷走神経下神経節のc-Fos発現量が有意に増加させた。D-プシコース(1g/kg)経口胃内投与は、延髄孤束核でのc-Fos発現量も有意に増加させた。従って、末梢で情報を受容した求心性迷走神経は脳の延髄孤束核に直接神経情報を伝達する。
そこで、D-プシコースの経口摂取による摂食量低減効果が、求心性迷走神経を介してその神経情報が脳に伝達されることに起因するものであるとの確証を得るため、消化管等を支配する横隔膜下迷走神経を切断したマウスにおけるD-プシコースによる摂食量低減効果を検討した。
横隔膜下の迷走神経を切断したマウスに対して経口胃内投与した時にも、D-プシコースに摂食量低減効果があるかどうかを検討した。実験動物はC57BL/6J雄性マウスを用いた。偽手術マウス(偽手術群)と横隔膜下迷走神経を切断したマウス(迷走神経切断群)の2群に分け、それぞれの手術を行った。回復期として1週間とり、摂食実験前日の一晩(16時間)絶食させた後、各試験液を経口胃内投与し、その後の液体食(乳幼児用ミルク)の摂取量を調べた。投与した各試験液として、偽手術群、迷走神経切断群共に生理食塩水(10mL/kg)またはD-プシコース(1g/kg)を経口胃内投与した。この時のD-プシコース溶液濃度は10%であった。9時45分に各試験液をマウスに経口胃内投与し、10時00分から液体食を自由摂取させ、経時的に摂食量を測定した。
横隔膜下迷走神経切断マウスとその偽手術マウスにD-プシコース(1g/kg)を経口胃内投与した後の累積液体食摂取量の図6に示す。経過時間を横軸にとり、その経過時間毎までの累積液体食摂取量(g)を縦軸にプロットした。得られた結果は平均値及び標準誤差で表し、統計学的検定は対応のないStudent’st検定を用い、*は危険率5%未満、**は危険率1%未満で表記した。
その結果、偽手術群において、D-プシコース(1g/kg)の経口胃内投与は投与後3時間まで有意に摂食量が抑制されたが、その効果は迷走神経切断群では全て消失した。
喫煙習慣のない健常人7名(平均年齢35.0才、男性4名、女性3名、平均BMI21.7kg/m2)に対し、2群のシングルブラインド・クロスオーバー法により実施した。
非特許文献6において、糖尿病境界型を中心とした成人男女を対象に、D-プシコース5gあるいは高甘味度甘味料であるアスパルテームを10mg添加して甘味度を同一にした飲料のいずれかを朝食と共にクロスオーバーで摂取させて食後血糖値を比較したところ、D-プシコース摂取群で有意な血糖値の低下が認められたという報告がある。
そこで、本試験では、試験当日の12時間前より被験者を絶食させた後、D-プシコース5gあるいは、対照食として高甘味度甘味料アスパルテーム10mgの添加によって甘味度を同一にした試験液150mLのいずれかを摂取させた。なお、各試験液の濃度はD-プシコース群では3.3%、アスパルテーム群では0.005%であった。また、被験者のD-プシコースの摂取量は、体重1kg当たり0.071~0.096g(平均0.085g)であった。摂取後、朝食(サンドイッチ、ヨーグルト、ジュース)(総カロリー:405kcal、たんぱく質10.2%・脂質28.4%・炭水化物61.4%)を10分間で摂取させた。試験中は、所定の水のみ自由摂取とし、それ以外は絶飲食とした。この朝食を摂取後4時間まで下記の食欲に関するアンケートを実施し、この結果から食後の経時的な食欲変化を比較した。
食欲に関するアンケートは、VAS(Visual Analog Scale)法により評価し、非特許文献11を基にして作成した。アンケート項目は満腹感、空腹感、食欲の3項目を設定した。各項目において、被験者には長さ100mmの直線上に、現在の状態に最も近い位置に印を付けてもらい、左端から印の付いた位置までの長さを定規で計測して数値化した。得られた結果は平均値及び標準誤差で表し、統計学的検定は対応のあるStudent’st検定を用い、*は危険率5%未満、**は危険率1%未満、***は危険率0.1%未満で表記した。
朝食摂取後からの経過時間(分)を横軸にとり、その経過時間毎の各項目に関する数値を縦軸にプロットして得られる結果を図7~9に示す。対照食と比較してD-プシコース摂食群では、食後の満腹感の持続、空腹感及び食欲の抑制効果が摂取後4時間以上持続することが認められた。特に、空腹感においては、朝食摂取直後から4時間後まで有意に抑制している。
ヒトにおいて、食前にD-プシコース摂取することにより、食後の満腹感持続効果が認められた。
Claims (13)
- D-プシコースを有効成分とすることを特徴とする満腹感持続剤。
- D-プシコースの経口摂取が求心性迷走神経を介して脳に伝達されて満腹感を持続させる剤である、請求項1に記載の満腹感持続剤。
- 食事1回に対して、体重1kg当たりD-プシコースとして0.07g~3gが摂取されるようにD-プシコースを含む、請求項1に記載の満腹感持続剤。
- 摂食1時間前から摂食直前までの間に用いられる請求項1に記載の満腹感持続剤。
- 食後血糖値上昇の抑制が必要な個体または肥満の個体に対して用いられる請求項1に記載の満腹感持続剤。
- ダイエット飲食品の製造に用いられる請求項1に記載の満腹感持続剤。
- D-プシコースを対象に摂取または投与する工程があることを特徴とする満腹感を持続させる方法。
- D-プシコースを摂取または投与する工程が、食事1回に対して、体重1kg当たりとして0.07g~3.0g摂取または投与することからなる請求項7に記載の満腹感を持続させる方法。
- D-プシコースを摂取または投与する工程が、摂食1時間前から摂食直前までの間にもうけられる請求項7に記載の満腹感を持続させる方法。
- D-プシコースを摂取または投与する工程が、食事毎にもうけられる請求項7に記載の満腹感を持続させる方法。
- D-プシコースを摂取または投与する工程が、一日あたり朝食前に一回もうけられる請求項7に記載の満腹感を持続させる方法。
- D-プシコースを摂取または投与する工程が、D-プシコースの経口摂取または経口投与で行われ、その経口摂取または経口投与が求心性迷走神経を介して脳に伝達されて満腹感を持続させる工程である請求項7に記載の満腹感を持続させる方法。
- 食後血糖値上昇の抑制が必要な個体または肥満の個体を対象とする請求項7に記載の満腹感を持続させる方法。
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| EP14881871.9A EP3103457A4 (en) | 2014-02-05 | 2014-04-17 | Satiety maintaining agent and method for maintaining feeling of satisfaction |
| US14/370,134 US20160346304A1 (en) | 2014-02-05 | 2014-04-17 | Agent for sustaining satiety and method for sustaining satiety |
| CN201480074806.3A CN106255502A (zh) | 2014-02-05 | 2014-04-17 | 饱腹感持续剂以及使饱腹感持续的方法 |
| KR1020167024504A KR20160134664A (ko) | 2014-02-05 | 2014-04-17 | 만복감 지속제 및 만족감을 유지하는 방법 |
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| JP2014-037956 | 2014-02-28 | ||
| JP2014037956A JP6253451B2 (ja) | 2014-02-05 | 2014-02-28 | 満腹感持続剤および満足感を維持する方法 |
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| EP3698648A1 (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2020-08-26 | Pfeifer & Langen GmbH & Co. KG | Allulose pet food |
| WO2020195106A1 (ja) * | 2019-03-26 | 2020-10-01 | 国立大学法人香川大学 | アリトールを有効成分とする抗肥満活性剤および肥満抑制方法 |
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| JP2005213227A (ja) * | 2004-01-30 | 2005-08-11 | Teikoku Seiyaku Co Ltd | D−プシコースの血糖上昇抑制効果の利用 |
| JP2007051137A (ja) * | 2005-07-20 | 2007-03-01 | Teikoku Seiyaku Co Ltd | D−プシコースを含有する体重増加抑制性組成物およびその利用方法 |
| JP2007051134A (ja) * | 2005-07-20 | 2007-03-01 | Teikoku Seiyaku Co Ltd | D−アロースおよびd−プシコースの抗神経因性疼痛効果の利用 |
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| JPH09194392A (ja) | 1996-01-18 | 1997-07-29 | Nisshin Flour Milling Co Ltd | アミラーゼ阻害物質 |
| EP0920864A1 (en) | 1997-12-03 | 1999-06-09 | Pfizer Products Inc. | Combination therapy including a specific beta-3 agonist and an anorectic agent |
| US6916796B2 (en) | 2002-06-12 | 2005-07-12 | Abbott Laboratories | Use of pullulan as a slowly digested carbohydrate |
| WO2006101118A1 (ja) * | 2005-03-23 | 2006-09-28 | National University Corporation Kagawa University | D-プシコースの血糖値日内異常上昇抑制の用途 |
| JP5116072B2 (ja) * | 2005-07-20 | 2013-01-09 | 帝國製薬株式会社 | D−アロースの血糖上昇抑制効果の利用 |
| JP2008073026A (ja) | 2006-09-19 | 2008-04-03 | Etcc:Kk | 不溶性結晶セルロース添加米及びその製造方法 |
| JP4074325B1 (ja) | 2006-10-30 | 2008-04-09 | 伊那食品工業株式会社 | 空腹感抑制用組成物 |
| EP2156751B8 (en) | 2007-05-18 | 2018-11-14 | Matsutani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. | Novel sweetener having sugar-like taste and production method and use of the same |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| US20160346304A1 (en) | 2016-12-01 |
| KR20160134664A (ko) | 2016-11-23 |
| EP3103457A1 (en) | 2016-12-14 |
| JP2015164900A (ja) | 2015-09-17 |
| EP3103457A4 (en) | 2017-11-22 |
| JP6253451B2 (ja) | 2017-12-27 |
| CN106255502A (zh) | 2016-12-21 |
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