WO2015111430A1 - App切断型ペプチドの測定方法 - Google Patents
App切断型ペプチドの測定方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015111430A1 WO2015111430A1 PCT/JP2015/050255 JP2015050255W WO2015111430A1 WO 2015111430 A1 WO2015111430 A1 WO 2015111430A1 JP 2015050255 W JP2015050255 W JP 2015050255W WO 2015111430 A1 WO2015111430 A1 WO 2015111430A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
- G01N33/6893—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids related to diseases not provided for elsewhere
- G01N33/6896—Neurological disorders, e.g. Alzheimer's disease
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2333/00—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
- G01N2333/435—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from animals; from humans
- G01N2333/46—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- G01N2333/47—Assays involving proteins of known structure or function as defined in the subgroups
- G01N2333/4701—Details
- G01N2333/4709—Amyloid plaque core protein
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2560/00—Chemical aspects of mass spectrometric analysis of biological material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
- G01N2800/28—Neurological disorders
- G01N2800/2814—Dementia; Cognitive disorders
- G01N2800/2821—Alzheimer
Definitions
- the present invention belongs to the field of basic neuroscience and clinical medicine, and is considered to be deeply involved in the onset of Alzheimer's disease.
- Amyloid precursor protein (Amyloid precursor protein; APP)
- the present invention relates to a method for measuring a truncated peptide.
- Alzheimer's disease is a major cause of dementia, accounting for 50-60% of all dementia.
- the number of patients with dementia in the world, which was more than 24 million in 2001, is estimated to reach 81 million in 2040 (Non-patent Document 1).
- a ⁇ peptide is a transmembrane protein produced by proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein (APP) consisting of 770 amino acids by ⁇ -secretase and ⁇ -secretase (see FIG. 1).
- APP amyloid precursor protein
- a ⁇ peptide mainly consists of 40mer (A ⁇ 1-40) and 42mer (A ⁇ 1-42), and it is also known that A ⁇ peptide moves into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood.
- CSF cerebrospinal fluid
- Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease includes cognitive function tests such as ADAS-cog, MMSE, DemTect, SKT, or clock drawing tests to examine clinical symptoms, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) It is done together with confirmation of image findings such as.
- MRI magnetic resonance imaging
- PET positron emission tomography
- PIB-PET an image diagnostic method for visualizing accumulation of detection molecules (PIB: Pittsburgh compound-B) on amyloid deposits.
- Thioflavin T-analogue (11C) PIB has been found to gradually accumulate in specific areas of the brain of patients with MCI or mild Alzheimer's disease, making it an optimal tool for detecting amyloid deposits. It is known from AD autopsy brain findings that a large amount of senile plaques have already accumulated even in cases of mild cognitive decline. Based on this, it is speculated that aggregation and deposition of A ⁇ peptide may begin long before clinical symptoms such as amnesia are manifested, and findings supporting PIB-PET have also been reported.
- Biomarkers present in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are effective methods that can detect the onset and progression of disease at the molecular level.
- CSF cerebrospinal fluid
- a decrease in the concentration of A ⁇ 1-42 in CSF a decrease in the concentration ratio of A ⁇ 1-42 / A ⁇ 1-40, and an increase in total tau value or phosphorylated tau value are reported to be useful diagnostic markers ( Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2010-19844, Non-Patent Document 3).
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2010-19844, Non-Patent Document 3
- a ⁇ 1-42 present in the blood is expected to be an AD diagnostic marker, but unlike CSF A ⁇ 1-42, the blood A ⁇ 1-42 concentration and the onset of AD It has been reported that the relevance is low (Non-patent Document 3). The cause has not been clarified yet.
- Patent Document 2 JP 2013-63976 A discloses a monoclonal antibody that does not recognize a soluble A ⁇ monomer and specifically binds only to a soluble A ⁇ oligomer, and a method for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease using the antibody Is disclosed. [0104] of the same publication discloses a method for determining that a subject is a candidate for Alzheimer's disease when the ratio of A ⁇ oligomer to A ⁇ monomer in the sample of the subject is higher than that of healthy subjects. Yes.
- Non-Patent Document 4 shows that 6E10 / 4G8 F (ab ′)-(PEG) 24 beads were prepared using F (ab ′) prepared from two types of anti-A ⁇ antibodies (clone 6E10 and 4G8). And the detection sensitivity of peptides in human plasma with a mass spectrometer has been improved by immunoprecipitation (IP) using the same (Non-patent Document 4).
- AD Alzheimer's disease
- biomarkers present in blood and cerebrospinal fluid are effective methods that can detect the onset and progression of diseases at the molecular level.
- CSF cerebrospinal fluid
- Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 3 in Alzheimer's disease, the concentration of A ⁇ 1-42 and the concentration ratio of A ⁇ 1-42 / A ⁇ 1-40 in CSF decreases, and the total tau value or phosphorylated tau value increases. Are reported to be useful diagnostic markers.
- Non-Patent Document 3 reports that unlike CSF A ⁇ 1-42, the relationship between the blood A ⁇ 1-42 concentration and the onset of AD is low.
- amyloid beta (A ⁇ ) in blood only the two concentrations of A ⁇ 1-40 and A ⁇ 1-42 in blood have been examined for correlation with AD.
- CSF also contains short A ⁇ peptides that are cleaved at the N-terminal side or C-terminal side of A ⁇ 1-40. Discovered in a combined way. From this, it is speculated that cleaved A ⁇ peptides other than A ⁇ 1-40 and A ⁇ 1-42 exist in blood, and these may be used as markers for AD diagnosis.
- it is technically difficult to detect A ⁇ peptide present in blood in a trace amount in blood with an immunoprecipitation method and a mass spectrometer and there has been no successful example so far.
- Non-patent document 4 describes a synthetic peptide spiked into human plasma using 6E10 / 4G8 F (ab ′)-(PEG) 24 beads containing two types of anti-A ⁇ antibodies (clone 6E10 and 4G8).
- IP immunoprecipitation
- MS mass spectrometry
- the detection sensitivity of the mass spectrometer can be detected by using 6E10 / 4G8 F (ab ')-(PEG) 24 beads. Is disclosed to be improved.
- plasma endogenous A ⁇ 1-40 peptide was detected with a mass spectrometer from 250 ⁇ L of human plasma sample.
- Non-Patent Document 4 the signal of the A ⁇ 1-40 peptide detected by the mass spectrometer was low, and the S / N ratio was 4.1.
- the amount of sample is increased and immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry are performed, the signal may be higher, but the amount of clinical sample actually collected from the patient is limited. Therefore, when considering the amount of blood collected from a patient in order to measure a clinical sample, 1000 ⁇ L or less is preferable as the amount to be analyzed.
- an object of the present invention relates to a method for measuring an amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaved peptide containing an amyloid beta (A ⁇ ) peptide that is considered to be deeply involved in the onset of Alzheimer's disease.
- the object of the present invention is to detect amyloid precursor protein (APP) -cleaved peptides even when the blood sample itself is small and / or present in only a trace amount in the blood sample. It is to provide a measurement method that can be used.
- the present inventor has found that A ⁇ 1-40 and A ⁇ 1-42 in human plasma, even when the blood sample is in a small amount and / or is present only in a trace amount in the blood sample. As a result, the present invention has been achieved. Furthermore, 8 types of novel APP cleavage peptides were discovered among 22 types of detected APP cleavage peptides.
- the present invention includes the following inventions.
- a method for measuring amyloid precursor protein (APP) -cleaved peptide in a blood sample An immunoglobulin having an antigen-binding site capable of recognizing an amyloid precursor protein (APP) -cleaved peptide and an antigen-binding site capable of recognizing an amyloid precursor protein (APP) -cleaved peptide bound to the carrier
- a method for measuring APP-cleaved peptides in a blood sample comprising:
- the APP-cleaved peptide is a truncated peptide that is cleaved by proteolysis of an amyloid precursor protein (AAPP) consisting of 770 amino acids.
- AAPP amyloid precursor protein
- APP amyloid precursor protein
- FIG. 1 amyloid precursor protein (APP) is produced by proteolysis by ⁇ -secretase and ⁇ -secretase.
- a ⁇ amyloid beta
- the binding solution is a neutral buffer containing a surfactant.
- the concentration of the surfactant in the neutral buffer is 0.001 to 10% (v / v).
- the surfactant comprises a neutral surfactant having maltose in the hydrophilic portion, a neutral surfactant having trehalose in the hydrophilic portion, and a neutral surfactant having glucose in the hydrophilic portion.
- washing is performed using a neutral buffer containing a surfactant as the washing solution, and then washing is performed using an aqueous solution containing ammonium ions as the washing solution.
- the method according to any one of (5).
- APP cleavage including A ⁇ 1-40 and A ⁇ 1-42 in the blood sample is performed.
- Type peptides can be detected.
- eight novel APP-cleaving peptides were found according to the present invention. These eight novel APP-cleaving peptides have not been found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
- the measurement method of the present invention is an early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (as a primary screening before PIB-PET), follow-up, and sensitivity evaluation of therapeutic drugs (anti-amyloid / beta antibody drugs, ⁇ - and ⁇ -secretase modulators, etc.) Tool: It can be used as a tool for analyzing amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleavage mechanism in the basic research field related to the onset of Alzheimer's disease.
- APP amyloid precursor protein
- FIG. 2B is a mass spectrum in Example 1
- FIG. 2A is a mass spectrum in Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. The horizontal axis is m / z, and the vertical axis is the relative intensity of ions.
- FIG. 3 (B) is a mass spectrum at the time of adding the washing
- FIG. 3 (A) is an ammonium acetate buffer.
- FIGS. 4A to 4C are mass spectra obtained when the matrix solution and the matrix additive solution having the following concentrations are used, respectively.
- A 5 mg / mL CHCA solution 0.5 ⁇ L and 2%
- w / v MDPNA0.5 ⁇ L
- B 1.5 mg / mL CHCA solution 0.5 ⁇ L and 0.6%
- W / v MDPNA0.5 ⁇ L
- C 0.5 mg / mL CHCA solution 0.5 ⁇ L and 0.2%
- FIG. 5A to 5E are mass spectra when the following eluents are used, respectively, for mass spectra in Example 4 and Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. (A) 5 mM HCl / 20% (v / v) acetonitrile (C) 5 mM HCl / 25% (v / v) acetonitrile (D) 5 mM HCl / 50% (v / v) Acetonitrile (E) 5mM HCl / 70% (v / v) acetonitrile
- FIG. 6 (A) shows the mass spectrum in Example 5.
- FIG. 6 (A) shows that 2.5 ⁇ L of 70% (v / v) acetonitrile containing 5 mM hydrochloric acid is added to 150 ⁇ g of 6E10 / 4G8 F (ab ′)-immobilized beads.
- FIG. 6 (B) is a mass spectrum obtained by performing IP-MS using 250 ⁇ L of Cysteine-PEG 24 beads on 250 ⁇ L of human plasma sample.
- FIG. 6 (C) is a mass spectrum when 250 ⁇ L of human plasma sample is subjected to IP-MS using 150 ⁇ g of 6E10 / 4G8 F (ab ′)-immobilized beads.
- FIG. 7A is a mass spectrum in Example 6.
- Binding solution (1% (w / v) OTG, 800 mM GlcNAc, 100 mM Tris-HCl, 300 mM NaCl, pH 7.4), washing solution (0.5% (w / v) OTG, 50 mM Tris-HCl, 150 mM NaCl , PH 7.4)
- B Binding solution (3% (w / v) OG, 800 mM GlcNAc, 100 mM Tris-HCl, 300 mM NaCl, pH 7.4), Washing solution (1.5% (w / v) OG, 50 mM Tris -HCl, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4)
- C Binding solution (0.3% (w / v) DM, 800 mM GlcNAc, 100 mM Tris-HCl, 300 mM NaCl, pH 7.4), Washing
- FIG. 8D-1 to FIG. 8D-3 are mass spectra obtained when the following binding solution and washing solution are used, respectively.
- D-1 binding solution (0.03% (w / v) DDM, 800 mM GlcNAc, 100 mM Tris-HCl, 300 mM NaCl, pH 7.4), washing solution (0.015% (w / v) DDM, 50 mM Tris-HCl, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4)
- D-3) Binding solution (0.3% (w / v) DDM, 800 mM GlcNAc, 100 mM Tris-HCl, 300 m
- (E-1) to (E-3) are mass spectra when the following binding solution and washing solution are used, respectively.
- (E-1) Binding solution (0.4% (w / v) NTM, 800 mM GlcNAc, 100 mM Tris-HCl, 300 mM NaCl, pH 7.4), washing solution (0.2% (w / v) NTM, 50 mM Tris-HCl, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4)
- (E-2) Binding solution (0.3% (w / v) NTM, 800 mM GlcNAc, 100 mM Tris-HCl, 300 mM NaCl, pH 7.4), Washing solution (0.15% (w / v) NTM, 50 mM sTris-HCl, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4)
- (E-3) Binding solution (0.2% (w / v) NTM, m800 mM GlcNAc, 100 mM Tris-
- FIGS. 10A and 10F are mass spectra when the following binding solution and cleaning solution are used, respectively.
- A Binding solution (1% (w / v) OTG, 800 mM GlcNAc, 100 mM Tris-HCl, 300 mM NaCl, pH 7.4), washing solution (0.5% (w / v) OTG, 50 mM Tris-HCl, 150 mM NaCl , PH 7.4)
- binding solution (0.2% (w / v) DDM, 0.2% (w / v) NTM, 800 mM GlcNAc, 100 mM Tris-HCl, 300 mM NaCl, pH 7.4)
- FIG. 11B is a mass spectrum in Example 7, and FIG. 11A is a mass spectrum in Comparative Example 3.
- Example 8 it is a MALDI spectrum of APP cleaved peptide purified from human plasma by immunoprecipitation using 6E10 / 4G8 F (ab ′)-immobilized beads.
- 12A is a mass spectrum of LinearLineTOF
- FIG. 12B is a mass spectrum of QIT reflecton TOF.
- the horizontal axis is m / z
- the vertical axis is the relative intensity of ions.
- it is a mass spectrum of the MS / MS analysis about 20 types of molecular weight related ion peaks among the APP cleavage type peptides detected by MS.
- FIGS. 13A to 13B are mass spectra of MS / MS analysis for each APP-cleaved peptide.
- FIGS. 14C to 14D are mass spectra of MS / MS analysis for each APP-cleaved peptide.
- 14 is a continuation of FIG. 14, and
- FIGS. 15E to 15F are mass spectra of MS / MS analysis for each APP-cleaved peptide.
- FIGS. 16 (G) to (H) are mass spectra of MS / MS analysis for each of the APP-cleaved peptides.
- FIG. 17 is a continuation of FIG. 16, and FIGS.
- FIG. 17 (I) to (J) are mass spectra of MS / MS analysis for each APP-cleaved peptide.
- FIG. 18 (K) to (L) are mass spectra of MS / MS analysis for each APP-cleaved peptide.
- 18 is a continuation of FIG. 18, and
- FIGS. 19M to 19N are mass spectra of MS / MS analysis for each of the APP-cleaved peptides.
- FIG. 20 (O) to (P) are continuations of FIG. 19, and are mass spectra of MS / MS analysis for each of the APP-cleaved peptides. Continuation of FIG. 20, FIGS.
- FIG. 21 (Q) to (R) are mass spectra of MS / MS analysis for each APP-cleaved peptide.
- FIG. 22 is a continuation of FIG. 21, and FIGS. 22 (S) to (T) are mass spectra of MS / MS analysis for each of the APP-cleaved peptides.
- the method of the present invention is a method for measuring amyloid precursor protein (APP) -cleaved peptide in a blood sample
- a blood sample is brought into contact with the antibody-immobilized carrier containing the carrier and the antibody bound to the carrier in a binding solution to bind the antibody-immobilized carrier and the APP-cleaved peptide contained in the blood sample.
- Process Washing the conjugate of the antibody-immobilized carrier and the APP-cleaved peptide with a washing solution; Dissociating the APP-cleaved peptide from the antibody-immobilized carrier using an acidic aqueous solution containing an organic solvent; Detecting the dissociated APP-cleaved peptide; including.
- APP amyloid precursor protein
- the antibody-immobilized carrier used in the present invention is an immunoglobulin having an antigen-binding site capable of recognizing an amyloid precursor protein (APP) -cleaved peptide and / or an antigen capable of recognizing an amyloid precursor protein (APP) -cleaved peptide.
- An immunoglobulin fragment containing a binding site is bound.
- Immunoglobulins include IgG, IgM, IgA, IgY, IgD, and IgE. Examples of IgG include IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4.
- immunoglobulins having an antigen binding site capable of recognizing amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaved peptide include 6E10, 4G8, 1E11, 11A50-B10, 12F4. , 9C4, 82E1, 12B2, 1A10 and the like. These antibodies are known as anti-amyloid beta antibodies.
- immunoglobulin fragment containing an antigen-binding site capable of recognizing amyloid precursor protein (APP) -cleaved peptide include F (ab ′) 2 , F (ab ′), F (ab), Fd, Fv, and L chain. , And H chain.
- an immunoglobulin F (ab ′) fragment an immunoglobulin F (ab) fragment, and an Fv fragment that does not have an Fc region.
- the anti-APP-cleaving peptide antibody immobilized on the carrier may be either a monoclonal antibody or a polyclonal antibody.
- the antibody-immobilized carrier used in the present invention the above-mentioned anti-APP-cleavable peptide antibody and / or anti-APP-cleavable peptide antibody fragment immobilized on the carrier by any method can be used.
- carrier material known materials can be used, such as agarose, sepharose, dextran, silica gel, polyacrylamide, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyacrylonitrile, (meth) acrylic acid polymer, fluorine. You may select from the group which consists of resin, metal complex resin, glass, a metal, and a magnetic body.
- the shape of the carrier may be flat, spherical or other shapes.
- the carrier may constitute a channel wall in a chip, bead, or microdevice used for separation and / or concentration of a target substance.
- the carrier surface has a binding functional group.
- the antibody may be bound to the carrier via a spacer.
- the spacer include a high molecular polymer. More specifically, the spacer may contain an oxyalkylene group.
- the oxyalkylene group-containing group is a divalent group, and may be, for example, an oxyalkylene group-containing group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms. More specifically, oxyalkylene in the oxyalkylene group-containing group is ethylene oxide or propylene oxide.
- the oxyalkylene group-containing group is preferably an organic polymer, that is, a polyoxyalkylene group-containing group.
- the polyoxyalkylene group-containing group is preferably a polyalkylene glycol group produced by polymerization of an alkylene glycol having 2 to 6 carbon atoms (for example, a polymerization degree of 2 to 40).
- a polyethylene glycol group a group generated by polymerization of ethylene glycol
- a polypropylene glycol group a group generated by polymerization of 1,2-propanediol or 1,3-propanediol.
- the spacer may be an organic polymer selected from the group consisting of polyoxyalkylated polyols, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl alkyl ethers, polysaccharides, biodegradable polymers, and lipid polymers.
- the alkyl group in the polyoxyalkylated polyol and polyvinyl alkyl ether can have, for example, 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- polysaccharides include dextran, mucopolysaccharides, and chitins.
- An example of a mucopolysaccharide is hyaluronic acid.
- biodegradable polymers include PLA (polylactic acid; poly (lactic acid)) and PLGA (polylactic acid-glycolic acid).
- the spacer in the present invention may include one of the above-described examples, or may include two or more types arbitrarily selected from the above-described examples.
- the spacer may be linear or branched.
- the antibody-immobilized carrier used in the present invention is a binding property such as a covalent bond functional group, an ion bond functional group, and a hydrogen bond functional group possessed by each element of the carrier, the antibody, and, if used, the spacer substance.
- a binding property such as a covalent bond functional group, an ion bond functional group, and a hydrogen bond functional group possessed by each element of the carrier, the antibody, and, if used, the spacer substance.
- Each can be prepared by bonding by a known method through a functional group depending on the type of the functional group.
- a blood sample is brought into contact with the antibody-immobilized carrier in a binding solution to bind the antibody-immobilized carrier and the APP-cleaved peptide contained in the blood sample.
- Blood samples include whole blood, plasma and serum.
- a blood sample can be prepared by appropriately treating whole blood collected from an individual.
- the treatment performed when preparing a blood sample from the collected whole blood is not particularly limited, and any clinically acceptable treatment may be performed. For example, centrifugation can be performed.
- the blood sample to be subjected to the binding step may be one that has been appropriately stored at a low temperature such as freezing in the middle of the preparation step or in the subsequent step of the preparation step.
- the blood sample is discarded without returning to the original individual.
- Using a blood sample as a target sample is less invasive than when the sample is a solid or cerebrospinal fluid, and is used for general health checkups, screening for Alzheimer's disease and other diseases in medical checkups, etc. This is also preferable because it is a target sample.
- the binding solution a binding solution used in a normal immunoprecipitation method (IP) can be used.
- the binding solution composition preferably contains a surfactant in order to suppress nonspecific adsorption.
- a surfactant it is difficult to cause denaturation of proteins such as antibodies and can be easily removed by a washing process, even if mass spectrometry is used in the subsequent detection process, even if it is mixed in mass spectrometry.
- a neutral surfactant that does not suppress the signal of the APP-cleaved peptide is preferred. Specific examples include a neutral surfactant having maltose in the hydrophilic portion, a neutral surfactant having trehalose in the hydrophilic portion, and a neutral surfactant having glucose in the hydrophilic portion.
- the hydrophobic part of these neutral surfactants is not particularly limited, but an alkyl group having about 7 to 14 carbon atoms is preferred.
- the binding solution is preferably a neutral buffer containing a surfactant selected from these.
- n-Decyl- ⁇ -D-maltoside (DM) [cmc: 0.087%]
- n-Dodecyl- ⁇ -D-maltoside (DDM) [cmc: 0.009%]
- n-Nonyl- ⁇ -D-thiomaltoside (NTM) [cmc: 0.116%] Etc.
- CMC is the critical micelle concentration.
- n-Octyl- ⁇ -D-thioglucoside [cmc: 0.278%] n-Octyl- ⁇ -D-glucoside (OG) [cmc: 0.731%] n-Heptyl- ⁇ -D-thioglucoside (HTG) [cmc: 0.883%] Etc.
- the above neutral surfactants can be used alone or in combination. Of these, neutral surfactants having maltose in the hydrophilic part are preferred, and the combination of n-Dodecyl- ⁇ -D-maltoside (DDM) and n-Nonyl- ⁇ -D-thiomaltoside (NTM) ⁇
- DDM n-Dodecyl- ⁇ -D-maltoside
- NTM n-Nonyl- ⁇ -D-thiomaltoside
- the concentration of the surfactant in the neutral buffer as the binding solution is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 0.001 to 10% (v / v), preferably 0.01 to 5% (v / v), 0.05 to 2% (v / v) is more preferable. By setting such a surfactant concentration, it is easy to obtain a good binding reaction between the antibody and the target APP-cleaving peptide to be bound.
- the neutrality of the neutral buffer means a pH of about 6.5 to 8.5. Examples of the buffer composition include Tris buffer, phosphate buffer, and HEPES buffer.
- a pretreatment of the blood sample before the binding step for example, antibodies such as IgG and IgM contained in the blood sample are removed.
- the blood sample contains a sample-derived antibody that binds to the antibody immobilized on the carrier used in the binding step. Therefore, by removing this sample-derived antibody before the binding step, it is possible to prevent the sample-derived antibody from binding to the antibody used in the binding step.
- sample-derived antibodies blood samples are bound with Protein G, Protein A, Protein L, anti-IgG antibody, anti-IgM antibody, anti-IgA antibody, anti-IgY antibody, anti-IgD antibody, anti-IgE antibody, etc. It can be performed by contacting with a carrier.
- washing step it is preferable to first perform washing using a neutral buffer containing a surfactant as the washing solution, and then wash using an aqueous solution containing ammonium ions as the washing solution.
- the neutral buffer containing a surfactant as the washing solution can be the same as the neutral buffer containing a surfactant as the binding solution described above.
- unnecessary components such as highly hydrophobic blood proteins, lipids and glycolipids are usually removed by washing with a neutral buffer containing the surfactant.
- a neutral buffer containing the surfactant As for the neutrality of the neutral buffer, a pH close to that of the body fluid is good for the antigen-antibody binding reaction. For example, pH 6.5 to 8.5 is preferable, and pH 7.0 to 8.0 is more preferable.
- the cationic metal contained in the neutral buffer containing the surfactant remaining on the surface of the antibody-immobilized carrier can be efficiently removed.
- mass spectrometry is used in the subsequent detection step, the cation metal causes ion suppression, but the ammonium ion is a substance that is highly volatile and thus hardly causes ion suppression. As a result, it contributes to an improvement in sensitivity (an improvement in the S / N ratio) of the analysis of the bound target APP-cleaved peptide.
- aqueous solutions containing ammonium ions include ammonium acetate buffer and ammonium carbonate buffer. Further, the concentration of ammonium ions is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, about 5 to 1,000 mM, or about 50 to 200 mM. It can be determined appropriately depending on the structure of the antibody-immobilized carrier. Further, after washing with an aqueous solution containing ammonium ions, washing with water may be performed.
- unnecessary components can be removed by subjecting the carrier surface to a fluid pressure of 0.01 to 500 MPa, preferably 0.05 to 300 MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 200 MPa of the washing solution. .
- a fluid pressure 0.01 to 500 MPa, preferably 0.05 to 300 MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 200 MPa of the washing solution.
- the desired cleaning effect tends to be not obtained. If it exceeds the above range, the binding with the target APP-cleaved peptide bound to the antibody may be cleaved.
- the removal efficiency of the non-specifically adsorbed substance on the antibody-immobilized carrier is improved, and as a result, the sensitivity of the analysis of the bound target APP-cleaving peptide is improved (the S / N ratio is improved). ).
- the specific method of cleaning is not particularly limited.
- a spherical carrier it can be washed by stirring in a washing solution.
- a flat carrier it can be cleaned by spraying a high-pressure cleaning liquid from a cleaning nozzle.
- a cleaning nozzle having an inner diameter corresponding to the area of the region can be used for high-pressure cleaning of a specific region on the flat carrier.
- This nozzle is composed of, for example, a double pipe, and the inner pipe can function exclusively for water injection for injecting the cleaning liquid onto the carrier surface, and the outer pipe can function exclusively for drainage for sucking the cleaning liquid sprayed onto the carrier surface.
- the APP-cleaved peptide is dissociated from the antibody-immobilized carrier using an acidic aqueous solution containing an organic solvent as an eluent.
- the APP-cleaved peptide is dissociated and eluted from the antibody-immobilized carrier to which the APP-cleaved peptide is bound using an acidic aqueous solution containing an organic solvent.
- organic solvent examples include organic solvents miscible with water at an arbitrary ratio, for example, acetonitrile, acetone, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, chloroform and the like.
- the concentration of the organic solvent in the acidic aqueous solution is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, about 10 to 90% (v / v), preferably about 20 to 80% (v / v), 25 More preferably, it is about 70% (v / v).
- concentration of the organic solvent in the acidic aqueous solution is within the above range, dissociation of the APP-cleaved peptide from the carrier occurs efficiently. As a result, it contributes to an improvement in sensitivity (an improvement in the S / N ratio) of the analysis of the bound target APP-cleaved peptide.
- the concentration of the organic solvent is less than 10% (v / v)
- the effect of the organic solvent cannot be obtained, and dissociation efficiency of the APP-cleaved peptide is not good.
- the concentration of the organic solvent exceeds 90% (v / v)
- the effect of the organic solvent is sufficiently obtained, and the dissociation efficiency of the APP-cleaved peptide is increased.
- the acidity of the acidic aqueous solution means a pH of about 1 to 3.5.
- the APP-cleaved peptide dissociated from the carrier can be eluted using an acidic aqueous solution containing an organic solvent used for dissociation as an eluent.
- an organic solvent used for dissociation as an eluent.
- those skilled in the art may appropriately select the eluate.
- the APP-cleaved peptide can be dissociated and eluted by bringing the carrier surface into contact with the eluate. If necessary, the carrier may be stirred in the eluate.
- a detection system based on radioactivity measurement, enzyme activity measurement, fluorescence intensity measurement, and luminescence intensity measurement can be used as an example of the detection system.
- any solid phase immunoassay detection system may be selected.
- a detection system such as radioimmunoassay (RIA), enzyme immunoassay (EIA, ELISA), fluorescent immunoassay (FIA), chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) or the like is selected.
- RIA radioimmunoassay
- EIA enzyme immunoassay
- FIA fluorescent immunoassay
- CLIA chemiluminescent immunoassay
- Those skilled in the art can appropriately bind a label (selected from the group consisting of a radioisotope, an enzyme, a fluorescent substance, and a chemiluminescent substance) to the antibody as appropriate.
- optical detection systems such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR), sum frequency generation (SFG), localized plasmon resonance (LPR), and ellipsometry as examples other than the above-described detection system.
- SPR surface plasmon resonance
- FSG sum frequency generation
- LPR localized plasmon resonance
- ellipsometry ellipsometry
- mass spectrometry used in this case is preferably mass spectrometry using matrix-assisted laser desorption / ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry, electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry, or the like.
- MALDI matrix-assisted laser desorption / ionization
- ESI electrospray ionization
- MALDI-TOF Microx Assisted Laser Desorption / Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer
- MALDI-IT Mass Spectrometer
- MALDI-IT-TOF Mass Spectrometer
- MALDI-FTICR matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance
- ESI-QqQ electrospray ionization-triple quadrupole
- the matrix and the matrix solvent can be appropriately determined by those skilled in the art depending on the analysis target (APP-cleavable peptide).
- ⁇ -cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid CHCA
- 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid 2,5-DHB
- sinapinic acid 3-aminoquinoline (3-AQ), etc.
- the matrix solvent can be selected from the group consisting of acetonitrile (ACN), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), methanol, ethanol, and water, for example. More specifically, an ACN-TFA aqueous solution, an ACN aqueous solution, a methanol-TFA aqueous solution, a methanol aqueous solution, an ethanol-TFA aqueous solution, an ethanol solution, or the like can be used.
- the concentration of ACN in the ACN-TFA aqueous solution is, for example, 10 to 90% by volume, and the concentration of TFA can be, for example, 0.05 to 1% by volume, preferably 0.05 to 0.1% by volume.
- the matrix concentration can be, for example, 0.1 to 50 mg / mL, preferably 0.1 to 20 mg / mL, alternatively 0.3 to 20 mg / mL, more preferably 0.5 to 10 mg / mL.
- a matrix additive (co-matrix) is preferably used in combination.
- the matrix additive can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art according to the analysis target (APP-cleavable peptide) and / or the matrix.
- a phosphonic acid group-containing compound can be used as a matrix additive.
- phosphonic acid Phosphonic acid
- methylphosphonic acid Metalphosphonic acid
- phenylphosphonic acid Phenylphosphonic acid
- 1-naphthylmethylphosphonic acid (1-Naphthylmethylphosphonic acid
- methylenediphosphonic acid MDPNA
- ethylene diphosphonic acid Ethylenediphosphonic acid
- ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonic acid Ethane-1- Examples thereof include hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonic acid, nitrilotriphosphonic acid, and ethylenediaminotetraphosphonic acid.
- compounds having 2 or more, preferably 2 to 4 phosphonic acid groups in one molecule are preferable.
- a phosphonic acid group-containing compound is useful when, for example, metal ions in the washing solution remaining on the surface of the antibody-immobilized carrier are mixed into the eluate after the dissociation step. This metal ion adversely affects the background in mass spectrometry.
- the use of a phosphonic acid group-containing compound has an effect of suppressing such an adverse effect.
- a more general additive such as a substance selected from the group consisting of an ammonium salt and an organic base may be used.
- the matrix additive can be prepared in a solution of 0.1 to 10 w / v%, preferably 0.2 to 4 w / v% in water or a matrix solvent.
- the matrix additive solution and the matrix solution can be mixed, for example, in a volume ratio of 1: 100 to 100: 1, preferably 1:10 to 10: 1.
- the maleimide group and the thiol group were covalently bonded by reacting at room temperature for 2 hours. Finally, the maleimide group was blocked by reacting 0.4 mM L-cysteine at room temperature for 30 minutes.
- IP Immunoprecipitation pretreatment Human plasma 50 ⁇ L (CC Biotech) in an equal volume of binding solution (2% (w / v) n-octyl- ⁇ -D-thioglycoside (OTG), 800 mM After mixing GlcNAc, 100 mM Tris-HCl, 300 mM NaCl, pH 7.4), 10% (w / v) PEG6000 (Nacalai) was added to 1/50 amount of human plasma (for example, 10% for 50 ⁇ L of human plasma). % (w / v) PEG6000 0.5 ⁇ L) was added.
- the precipitate contained in the plasma sample was removed by filter centrifugation using Ultrafree-MC, DV 0.65 ⁇ m, centrifugal filter devices (Millipore, Cork, IR).
- Protein G Plus Agarose (50% slurry; Pierce, Rockford, IL) was washed once with H 2 O and then washed with a washing solution (1% (w / v) OTG, 50 mM Tris-HCl, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4). Washed 3 times.
- the amount of Protein G Plus Agarose (50% slurry) used at this time is twice the amount of human plasma (for example, Protein G Plus Agarose 100 ⁇ L with respect to 50 ⁇ L of human plasma).
- the volume of H 2 O and the washing solution used for washing Protein G Plus Agarose was 4/5 volume of Protein G Plus Agarose per washing (for example, 100 ⁇ L of Protein G Plus Agarose). H 2 O and wash solution 80 ⁇ L).
- the plasma sample from which the precipitate was removed was mixed with Protein G Plus Agarose and mixed by inverting at 4 ° C. for 1 hour to bind the antibody contained in the plasma to Protein G Plus Agarose. Thereafter, Protein G Plus Agarose was removed from the plasma sample.
- IP Immunoprecipitation
- MALDI-TOF MS Detection of eluted APP-cleaved peptide by MALDI-TOF MS
- MALDI-TOF MS was used for the detection process.
- Mass spectrum data was acquired with Linear TOF in positive ion mode using AXIMA® Performance (Shimadzu / KRATOS, Manchester, UK). Accumulated 2500 shots per well.
- ⁇ -cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) was used as a matrix for Linear TOF.
- the matrix solution was prepared by dissolving 5 mg of CHCA in 1 mL of 70% (v / v) acetonitrile.
- MDPNA methanediphosphonic acid
- the criterion for peak detection limit was S / N ratio 3 or more.
- Linear / TOF m / z values are displayed as peak average mass.
- the m / z values were calibrated using human angiotensin II, human ACTH fragment 18-39, bovine insulin oxidized beta-chain and bovine insulin as external standards.
- Antibody antigen binding is stabilized by a combination of hydrogen bonds, electrostatic force of clones, van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic bonds.
- an acidic solution is generally used as conditions for dissociating the antigen from the antibody.
- that alone is not sufficient to dissociate the antigen and antibody.
- the elution effect of A ⁇ 1-40 by adding 50% (v / v) of acetonitrile as an organic solvent was examined.
- FIG. 2 (B) is a mass spectrum in Example 1
- FIG. 2 (A) is a mass spectrum in Comparative Example 1.
- Fig. 2 (B) when eluted with 50% (v / v) acetonitrile containing 3 mM hydrochloric acid, the S / N ratio was 2.77 in the mass spectrum, but the peak of A ⁇ 1-40 was observed. It was.
- FIG. 2 (A) when eluted with 3 mM mM hydrochloric acid (not containing acetonitrile), no peak of A ⁇ 1-40 was observed in the mass spectrum. This indicates that elution efficiency is higher when not only an acid but also an organic solvent is used to dissociate the APP-cleaved peptide from the beads to which the APP-cleaved peptide is bound.
- Example 2 Comparison of presence or absence of ammonium acetate buffer in washing step of conjugate of APP-cleaved peptide and antibody-immobilized carrier
- the washing solution used in the washing step often uses a buffer solution such as a Tris buffer solution or a phosphate buffer solution, and the solution contains a cationic metal element such as potassium or sodium.
- a buffer solution such as a Tris buffer solution or a phosphate buffer solution
- the solution contains a cationic metal element such as potassium or sodium.
- a cationic metal element such as potassium or sodium.
- washing with an ammonium acetate buffer was added to the washing process as a method to prevent the cationic metal element from being mixed into the MALDI-TOF MS measurement.
- ammonium ions are volatile, they hardly reduce the signal of MALDI-TOF MS.
- a washing solution 1% (w / v) OTG, 50 mM Tris-HCl, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4
- an ammonium acetate buffer solution was added for the purpose of removing the cationic metal element from the remaining washing solution.
- surfactant is present in the solution, 6E10 / 4G8 F (ab ')-immobilized beads are easy to accumulate on the magnet and easy to clean, so 0.1% (w / v) OTG is also ammonium acetate. Added to buffer.
- the pretreatment of the immunoprecipitation method and the immunoprecipitation method were performed as follows. Equal volume of binding solution (2% (w / v) n-octyl- ⁇ -D-thioglycoside (OTG), 800 mM GlcNAc, 100 mM Tris-HCl, 300 mM NaCl, pH 7. Human plasma 500 ⁇ L (CC Biotech) After mixing 4), 10 ⁇ L of 10% (w / v) PEG6000 was added. The precipitate contained in the plasma sample was removed by filter centrifugation using Ultrafree-MC, DV 0.65 ⁇ m, centrifugal filter devices.
- Equal volume of binding solution 2% (w / v) n-octyl- ⁇ -D-thioglycoside (OTG), 800 mM GlcNAc, 100 mM Tris-HCl, 300 mM NaCl, pH 7.
- Human plasma 500 ⁇ L (CC Biotech) After mixing 4), 10 ⁇ L of 10%
- Protein G Plus Agarose 1000 ⁇ L was washed once with H 2 O and then washed 3 times with a washing solution (1% (w / v) OTG, 50 mM Tris-HCl, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4).
- the above-mentioned plasma sample was mixed with this Protein G Plus Agarose and mixed by inverting at 4 ° C. for 1 hour to bind the antibody contained in the plasma to Protein G Plus Agarose. Thereafter, Protein G Plus Agarose was removed from the plasma sample.
- the beads were stirred once with 5 ⁇ L of 50% (v / v) acetonitrile containing 3 mM hydrochloric acid to obtain 6E10 / 4G8 F (ab ′)
- the APP-cleaved peptide bound to the immobilized beads was dissociated and eluted.
- 0.5 ⁇ L of the eluate was taken and dropped onto 900 ⁇ m of ⁇ Focus MALDI plate TM .
- FIG. 3 is a mass spectrum in Example 2
- FIG. 3 (B) is a mass spectrum when washing with an ammonium acetate buffer (pH 7.4) is added
- FIG. 3 (A) is an acetic acid. It is a mass spectrum when washing with an ammonium buffer (pH 7.4) is not added.
- FIGS. 3 (A) and 3 (B) when washed with 0.1% (w / v) OTG / 200 mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH 7.4), the peak of A ⁇ 1-40 and the non-specific peak (m / z: 3765) both improved the S / N ratio. It was shown that there was an effect of washing with 0.1% (w / v) OTG / 200 mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH 7.4).
- Example 3 Improvement of S / N ratio by concentration of matrix used in MALDI-TOF MS
- a good MS signal can be obtained by optimizing the matrix concentration and / or the matrix additive concentration used depending on the amount of peptide to be measured.
- the concentrations of CHCA and MDPNA were examined.
- the pretreatment of the immunoprecipitation method and the immunoprecipitation method were performed as follows.
- An equal volume of binding solution (2% (w / v) n-octyl- ⁇ -D-thioglycoside (OTG), 800 mM GlcNAc, 100 mM Tris-HCl, 300 mM NaCl, pH 7.
- Human plasma 250 ⁇ L (CC Biotech) After mixing 4), 5 ⁇ L of 10% (w / v) PEG6000 was added.
- the precipitate contained in the plasma sample was removed by filter centrifugation using Ultrafree-MC, DV 0.65 ⁇ m, centrifugal filter devices.
- Protein G Plus Agarose 500 ⁇ L was washed once with H 2 O and then washed 3 times with a washing solution (1% (w / v) OTG, 50 mM Tris-HCl, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4).
- the above-mentioned plasma sample was mixed with this Protein G Plus Agarose and mixed by inverting at 4 ° C. for 1 hour to bind the antibody contained in the plasma to Protein G Plus Agarose. Thereafter, Protein G Plus Agarose was removed from the plasma sample.
- FIG. 4 is a mass spectrum in Example 3
- FIG. 4 (A) is a mass spectrum in the case of (A) above
- FIG. 4 (B) is a mass spectrum in the case of (B) above
- FIG. 4C shows a mass spectrum in the case of (C).
- the combination of (C) 0.5 mg / mL CHCA solution 0.5 ⁇ L and 0.2% (w / v) MDPNA 0.5 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ L is the best S / N of A ⁇ 1-40 The ratio is shown.
- Example 4 and Comparative Example 2 Comparison of organic solvent concentration in dissociation step
- the pretreatment of the immunoprecipitation method and the immunoprecipitation method were performed as follows. Equal volume of binding solution (0.2% (w / v) DDM, 0.2% (w / v) NTM, 800 mM GlcNAc, 100 mM Tris-HCl, 300 mM NaCl, pH 7.4) in 250 ⁇ L of human plasma (Tennessee Blood Services) Were mixed. The precipitate contained in the plasma sample was removed by filter centrifugation using Ultrafree-MC, DV 0.65 ⁇ m, centrifugal filter devices.
- the washing operation was performed twice by stirring the beads with 20 ⁇ L of 50 mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH 7.4).
- the APP-cleaved peptide bound to the 6E10 / 4G8 F (ab ′)-immobilized beads with 2.5 ⁇ L of 5 eluents. was dissociated and eluted.
- 0.5 ⁇ L of the eluate was dropped onto 900 ⁇ m of ⁇ Focus MALDI plate TM, and 0.5 ⁇ L of 0.5 mg / mL CHCA solution and 0.5 ⁇ L of 0.2% (w / v) MDPNA were mixed.
- Mass spectrum data was accumulated 16000 shots per well. The following 5 types were used as eluents.
- A 5 mM HCl (comparative example)
- B 5 mM HCl / 20% (v / v) acetonitrile
- C 5 mM HCl / 25% (v / v) acetonitrile
- D 5 mM HCl / 50% (v / v) acetonitrile
- E 5 mM HCl / 70% (v / v) acetonitrile
- FIG. 5 is a mass spectrum in Example 4 and Comparative Example 2
- FIG. 5 (A) is a mass spectrum in the case of (A) above
- FIG. 5 (B) is a case in (B) above
- 5C is a mass spectrum in the case of (C)
- FIG. 5D is a mass spectrum in the case of (D)
- FIG. It is a mass spectrum in the case of the above (E).
- a ⁇ 1-40 signal could not be detected at all with 5 mM HCl alone.
- a ⁇ 1-40 signal can be detected by adding acetonitrile to 5 mM HCl, and good A ⁇ 1-40 signal was obtained at 25, 50, 70% (v / v) acetonitrile.
- Example 5 Non-specific plasma-derived peak detected by MS
- the reason why the peak near m / z: 3765 detected in the mass spectrum obtained in the above examples is detected in the mass spectrum is that the molecule derived from the plasma sample adsorbs nonspecifically on the beads of the carrier. It was verified whether it was caused.
- Cysteine-PEG 24 beads prepared without binding 6E10 and 4G8 in preparation of F (ab ′)-immobilized beads in Example 1 were prepared. Immunoprecipitation was performed using 150 ⁇ g of the Cysteine-PEG 24 beads.
- the pretreatment of the immunoprecipitation method and the immunoprecipitation method were performed as follows.
- An equal volume of binding solution (1% (w / v) n-octyl- ⁇ -D-thioglycoside (OTG), 800 mM GlcNAc, 100 mM Tris-HCl, 300 mM NaCl, pH 7.
- Human plasma 250 ⁇ L (CC Biotech) After mixing 4), 5 ⁇ L of 10% (w / v) PEG6000 was added.
- the precipitate contained in the plasma sample was removed by filter centrifugation using Ultrafree-MC, DV 0.65 ⁇ m, centrifugal filter devices.
- Protein G Plus Agarose 500 ⁇ L was washed once with H 2 O and then washed 3 times with a washing solution (0.5% (w / v) OTG, 50 mM Tris-HCl, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4).
- the above-mentioned plasma sample was mixed with this Protein G Plus Agarose and mixed by inverting at 4 ° C. for 1 hour to bind the antibody contained in the plasma to Protein G Plus Agarose. Thereafter, Protein G Plus Agarose was removed from the plasma sample.
- FIG. 6 is a mass spectrum in Example 5.
- FIG. 6 (A) shows 70% (v / v) acetonitrile containing 5 mM hydrochloric acid for 150 ⁇ g of 6E10 / 4G8 F (ab ′) immobilized beads.
- FIG. 6 (B) is a mass spectrum obtained by performing an elution step using 2.5 ⁇ L.
- FIG. 6 (B) was obtained by performing IP-MS using 150 ⁇ g of Cysteine-PEG 24 beads on 250 ⁇ L of human plasma sample.
- Fig. 6 (C) is a mass spectrum obtained when IP-MS was performed using 150 ⁇ g of 6E10 / 4G8 F (ab ') immobilized beads on 250 ⁇ L of human plasma sample. is there.
- a strong peak at m / z: 3765 was detected.
- This peak at m / z: 3765 was also detected by immunoprecipitation using 6E10 / 4G8 F (ab ′) immobilized beads 150 ⁇ g (FIG. 6C).
- the peak at m / z: 3765 is a molecule derived from a human plasma sample, which is nonspecifically adsorbed to the beads of the carrier and dissociated and eluted by the dissociation process. Proven to be detected by MS.
- Example 6 Influence on MS signal by the kind of surfactant contained in the binding solution and the washing solution
- the peak near m / z 3765 detected in the mass spectrum was a molecule derived from a human plasma sample adsorbed nonspecifically to the beads of the carrier.
- the surfactant added to the binding solution and the washing solution is used to suppress non-specific binding, and the binding force and non-specific adsorption of the antigen antibody vary depending on the type.
- the influence on the MS spectrum by using the following surfactants in addition to OTG was investigated.
- n-Octyl- ⁇ -D-thioglucoside [cmc: 0.278%]
- n-Octyl- ⁇ -D-glucoside (OG) [cmc: 0.731%]
- n-Decyl- ⁇ -D-maltoside DM
- n-Dodecyl- ⁇ -D-maltoside DDM
- n-Nonyl- ⁇ -D-thiomaltoside (NTM) [cmc: 0.116%]
- Binding solutions and washing solutions containing the above surfactants were prepared as follows, and immunoprecipitation was performed on 250 ⁇ L of human plasma samples (Tennessee Blood Services) using these binding solutions and washing solutions. .
- the pretreatment of the immunoprecipitation method and the immunoprecipitation method were performed as follows. An equal amount of the binding solution was mixed with 250 ⁇ L of human plasma (Tennessee Blood Services). The precipitate contained in the plasma sample was removed by filter centrifugation using Ultrafree-MC, DV 0.65 ⁇ m, centrifugal filter devices. 500 ⁇ L of Protein G Plus Agarose was washed once with H 2 O and then washed 3 times with a washing solution. The above-mentioned plasma sample was mixed with this Protein G Plus Agarose and mixed by inverting at 4 ° C. for 1 hour to bind the antibody contained in the plasma to Protein G Plus Agarose. Thereafter, Protein G Plus Agarose was removed from the plasma sample.
- washing operation was performed twice by stirring the beads with 20 ⁇ L of 50 mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH 7.4). Furthermore, after washing the beads with 20 ⁇ L of H 2 O once, washing was performed once, then 6E10 / 4G8 F (ab ′) immobilized beads were added with 2.5 ⁇ L of 70% (v / v) acetonitrile containing 5 mM hydrochloric acid. The APP-cleaved peptide bound to was dissociated and eluted.
- Binding solution (1% (w / v) OTG, 800 mM GlcNAc, 100 mM Tris-HCl, 300 mM NaCl, pH 7.4), Cleaning solution (0.5% (w / v) OTG, 50 mM Tris-HCl, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4)
- B Binding solution (3% (w / v) OG, 800 mM GlcNAc, 100 mM Tris-HCl, 300 mM NaCl, pH 7.4), Washing solution (1.5% (w / v) OG, 50 mM Tris-HCl, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4)
- C Binding solution (0.3% (w / v) DM, 800 mM GlcNAc, 100 mM Tris-HCl, 300 mM NaCl, pH 7.4), Cleaning solution (0.15% (w / v) DM, 50 mM Tris-HCl, 150 mM Tri
- FIG. 7 is a mass spectrum in Example 6, FIG. 7 (A) is a mass spectrum in the case of (A), and FIG. 7 (B) is a mass spectrum in the case of (B). 7C is a mass spectrum in the case of the above (C), FIG. 7D is a mass spectrum in the case of the above (D), and FIG. ).
- non-specific peak a non-specifically adsorbed molecule-derived peak (hereinafter also referred to as non-specific peak) (m / z: 3764.5) is detected very strongly.
- the A ⁇ 1-40 signal was slightly stronger than that of OTG (FIG. 7B).
- a non-specific peak m / z: 3765.1 was strongly detected, and the A ⁇ 1-40 signal was also slightly strong (FIG. 7 (C)).
- a non-specific peak m / z: 3764.8 was detected strongly, and A ⁇ 1-40 signal was also detected strongly (FIG. 7 (D)).
- the signal intensity of the peak of A ⁇ 1-40 in the mass spectrum was higher than when OTG was used, but the signal intensity of the non-specific peak was also higher. Therefore, the immunoprecipitation method was performed at a high DDM concentration for the purpose of suppressing nonspecific adsorption.
- the composition of the binding solution and the washing solution used are as follows.
- FIG. 8 is a mass spectrum in Example 6,
- FIG. 8 (D-1) is a mass spectrum in the case of (D-1), and
- FIG. 8 (D-2) is a graph of (D- FIG. 8D-3 shows the mass spectrum in the case of (D-3).
- NTM did not detect a non-specific peak (m / z: 3764.8), but at the same time the signal of A ⁇ 1-40 decreased.
- immunoprecipitation was performed at a low NTM concentration.
- the composition of the binding solution and the washing solution used are as follows.
- FIG. 9 is a mass spectrum in Example 6,
- FIG. 9 (E-1) is a mass spectrum in the case of (E-1), and
- FIG. 9 (E-2) is a graph of the above (E ⁇ ).
- FIG. 9E-3 shows the mass spectrum in the case of (E-3).
- the signal of A ⁇ 1-40 could be increased by reducing the NTM concentration in the binding solution and the washing solution from (E-1) to (E-2), but a non-specific peak (m / z: 3764.8) was also detected. ( Figure 9). Even if the NTM concentration was further reduced to (E-3), there was no change from the case of (E-2).
- immunoprecipitation was performed using a binding solution and a washing solution in which DDM having the effect of increasing the signal and NTM having the effect of suppressing the signal were mixed.
- the composition of the binding solution and the washing solution used are as follows.
- Binding solution (0.2% (w / v) DDM, 0.2% (w / v) NTM, 800 mM GlcNAc, 100 mM Tris-HCl, 300 mM NaCl, pH 7.4), Cleaning solution (0.1% (w / v) DDM, 0.1% (w / v) NTM, 50 mM Tris-HCl, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4)
- FIG. 10 is a mass spectrum in Example 6,
- FIG. 10 (F) is a mass spectrum in the case of (F), and
- FIG. 10 (A) is a mass spectrum in the case of (A). is there.
- FIG. 10A shows the same mass spectrum as FIG. 7A described above.
- Example 7 and Comparative Example 3 Example using 11A50-B10 IgG immobilized beads
- the effect of improving the sensitivity by the immunoprecipitation method of the present invention using the antibody-immobilized carrier other than the F (ab ′)-immobilized beads prepared in Example 1 was examined.
- an antibody immobilization carrier other than F (ab ') immobilization beads beads immobilized with an anti-amyloid antibody (11A50-B10) having the C-terminus of amyloid beta (1-40) as an epitope were prepared as follows. .
- 11A50-B10 IgG immobilized beads (bead amount: 300 ⁇ g) washed twice with OTG-glycine buffer (1% (w / v) OTG, 50 mM glycine, pH 2.8) and washed 3 times with 100 ⁇ L of the washing solution. ) was mixed with the plasma sample from which the antibody had been removed, and mixed by inverting at 4 ° C. for 1 hour to bind to the APP-cleaved peptide. Thereafter, an operation of washing the beads with 500 ⁇ L of the washing solution was performed once, and an operation of washing the beads with 100 ⁇ L of the washing solution was washed four times.
- OTG-glycine buffer 1% (w / v) OTG, 50 mM glycine, pH 2.8
- the washing operation was performed twice by stirring the beads with 20 ⁇ L of 50 mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH 7.4). Furthermore, after washing the beads with 20 ⁇ L of H 2 O once, washing was performed once, and then the APP-cleaved peptide bound to the 11A50-B10 IgG-immobilized beads was dissociated and eluted with 2.5 ⁇ L of the eluate. . 0.5 ⁇ L of the eluate was taken and dropped onto 900 ⁇ m of ⁇ Focus MALDI plate TM .
- composition of the binding solution, the washing solution, and the eluate used in the immunoprecipitation method is as follows (A) (Comparative Example 3: Conventional Method) and (B) (Example 7: Improved Method).
- Binding solution (2% (w / v) OTG, 800 mM GlcNAc, 100 mM Tris-HCl, 300 mM NaCl, pH 7.4), Washing solution (1% (w / v) OTG, 50 mM Tris-HCl, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4), Eluent (5mM HCl)
- Binding solution (0.2% (w / v) DDM, 0.2% (w / v) NTM, 800 mM GlcNAc, 100 mM Tris-HCl, 300 mM NaCl, pH 7.4), Washing solution (0.1% (w / v) DDM, 0.1% (w / v) NTM, 50 mM Tris-HCl, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4), Eluent (5 mM HCl / 70% (v / v) acetonitrile)
- FIG. 11B is a mass spectrum in Example 7, and FIG. 11A is a mass spectrum in Comparative Example 3.
- IP-MS using the present invention was performed to try to detect and identify various APP-cleaved peptides present in human plasma.
- IP immunoprecipitation
- binding solution 1% n-octyl- ⁇ -D-thioglycoside (OTG), 800 mM GlcNAc, 100 mM Tris-HCl, 300 mM NaCl, pH 7.4
- the precipitate contained in this plasma sample was removed by filter centrifugation using Ultrafree-MC, DV 0.65 ⁇ m, centrifugal filter devices.
- Protein G Plus Agarose (50% slurry; Pierce, Rockford, IL) 500 ⁇ L was washed once with 400 ⁇ L of H 2 O, and then washed solution (0.5% OTG, 50 mM Tris-HCl, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4) 400 ⁇ L And washed 3 times.
- the aforementioned plasma sample was mixed with the Protein G Plus Agarose and incubated at 4 ° C. for 1 hour to bind the antibody contained in the plasma to the Protein G Plus Agarose. Thereafter, Protein G Plus Agarose was removed from the plasma sample.
- the washing operation was performed twice by stirring the beads with 20 ⁇ L of 50 mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH 7.4).
- the APP was bound to 6E10 / 4G8 F (ab ′)-immobilized beads with 2.5 ⁇ L of 70% acetonitrile containing 5 mM hydrochloric acid.
- the cleaved peptide was dissociated and eluted.
- the eluate was dropped onto 900 ⁇ m of ⁇ Focus MALDI plate TM as follows. When measuring with Linear TOF MS, 0.5 ⁇ L of the eluate was added dropwise to 4 wells. When measuring with a quadrupole ion trap (QIT) reflectron TOF MS used for identification of the detected peak, 2 ⁇ L of the eluate was dropped into 1 well.
- QIT quadrupole ion trap
- the matrix solution was prepared by dissolving 1 mg of CHCA and 5 mg of DHB in 1 mL of 70% acetonitrile. 0.4% methanediphosphonic acid (MDPNA) was used as a matrix additive. After equal amounts of 0.4% MDPNA were mixed with CHCA solution and DHB solution, 0.5 ⁇ L of the matrix / additive mixture was added to the eluate on the ⁇ Focus MALDI plate.
- MDPNA methanediphosphonic acid
- the standard for peak detection limit was 3 or higher.
- Linear / TOF m / z values are displayed as peak average mass, and QIT / reflectron / TOF is expressed as monoisotopic ion mass.
- the m / z values were calibrated using human angiotensin II, human ACTH fragment 18-39, bovine insulin oxidized beta-chain and bovine insulin as external standards.
- the peak list of MS / MS spectrum was created by “Mascot” Distiller ”(Matrix Science) and analyzed by Mascot software Version 2.4 (Matrix Science). Mascot search parameters are as follows: no enzyme, SwissProt database with species limitation (only human), precursor ion tolerance ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.3 Da, fragment ion tolerance 0.4 Da.
- FIG. 12A is a mass spectrum of LinearLineTOF
- FIG. 12B is a mass spectrum of QIT reflecton TOF
- “*” is an ion peak (molecular weight related ion) corresponding to the mass of the peptide generated by APP cleavage.
- the well-known APP672-711 (A ⁇ 1-40) and APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42) were confirmed in both Linear TOF and QIT reflectron TOF.
- APP672-711 (A ⁇ 1-40), which means a peptide in which the 672th amino acid sequence of APP is N-terminal and the 711st is C-terminal, and usually A ⁇ It also means the 1st to 40th peptides of the peptide called.
- a peptide longer than the first A ⁇ peptide on the N-terminal side is not expressed by A ⁇ .
- APP672-711 A ⁇ 1-40
- APP672-713 A ⁇ 1-42
- Newly cleaved APP peptides produced by cleaving at the N-terminal side of the cleaved peptide, the peptide cleaved at the C-terminal side, and the site cleaved by ⁇ -secretase were detected. Since four fragment ions indicated by “f” were detected in the mass spectrum (FIG. 12B) measured with QIT Qreflectron TOF, these peaks were excluded.
- the four fragment ions indicated by “f” are not the molecular weight related ions of the cleaved APP peptide itself that existed in the plasma, but the molecular weight related ions of the cleaved APP peptide are QIT reflectron TOF. Fragment ions cleaved when measured.
- MS / MS analysis of APP-cleaved peptides detected in human plasma In order to identify APP-cleaved peptides detected by MS, MS / MS was performed on 20 peaks out of 22 detected peaks. Analysis was performed. The Mascot score for the six types of peaks was 20 or more, but the Mascot score was low for the other peaks because the signal was weak (Table 2). However, fragment ions generated by cleavage at the C-terminal side of aspartic acid and glutamic acid, which are preferentially caused by CID, were detected in all spectra analyzed by MS / MS (Table 2, FIGS. 13 to 22).
- APP671-711 (SEQ ID NO: 14): MDAEFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGGVV APP669-709 (SEQ ID NO: 15): VKMDAEFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGG APP669-710 (SEQ ID NO: 17): VKMDAEFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGGV APP669-711 (SEQ ID NO: 18): VKMDAEFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGGVV APP666-709 (SEQ ID NO: 19): ISEVKMDAEFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGG APP666-711 (SEQ ID NO: 20): ISEVKMDAEFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGGVV APP664-711 (SEQ ID NO: 21): EEISEV
- APP672-711 (A ⁇ 1-40) shows the highest peak among the 22 types of APP-cleavable peptides, which is consistent with the results of human CSF shown in other reports.
- APP-cleavable peptides such as -APP672-711 (A ⁇ 1-40) detected by 6E10 / 4G8 F (ab ') immobilized beads and peptides cleaved at the N-terminal side of it can be detected by F ( ab ') It has been confirmed that detection is possible even with -immobilized beads.
- OxAPP672-711 (OxA ⁇ 1-40) of SEQ ID NO: 17 represents a peptide oxidized by Met 706 of APP672-711 (A ⁇ 1-40) of SEQ ID NO: 16.
- N / D indicates that no detection was made.
- N / A indicates that the MS / MS analysis is not applicable.
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Abstract
Description
(1) 血液試料中のアミロイド前駆タンパク質(APP)切断型ペプチドを測定する方法であって、
担体と、前記担体に結合した、アミロイド前駆タンパク質(APP)切断型ペプチドを認識可能な抗原結合部位を持つ免疫グロブリン及びアミロイド前駆タンパク質(APP)切断型ペプチドを認識可能な抗原結合部位を含む免疫グロブリン断片からなる群から選ばれる抗体とを含む抗体固定化担体に、血液試料を結合溶液中で接触させて、前記抗体固定化担体と前記血液試料中に含まれるAPP切断型ペプチドとを結合させる工程と、
前記抗体固定化担体と前記APP切断型ペプチドとの結合体を、洗浄溶液を用いて洗浄する工程と、
前記抗体固定化担体から前記APP切断型ペプチドを、有機溶媒を含む酸性水溶液を用いて解離させる工程と、
解離された前記APP切断型ペプチドを検出する工程と、
を含む血液試料中のAPP切断型ペプチドを測定する方法。
(4) 前記中性緩衝液における界面活性剤濃度は、0.001~10%(v/v)である、(3)に記載の方法。
(5) 前記界面活性剤が、マルトースを親水性部分に持つ中性界面活性剤、トレハロースを親水性部分に持つ中性界面活性剤、及びグルコースを親水性部分に持つ中性界面活性剤からなる群から選ばれる、(3)又は(4)に記載の方法。
(8) 前記質量分析において、マトリックス支援レーザー脱離イオン化型質量分析装置を用いる、(7)に記載の方法。
(9) 前記マトリックス支援レーザー脱離イオン化型質量分析装置において、0.1~20mg/mLの濃度のマトリックスと、0.1~10%(w/v)の濃度のマトリックス添加剤とを使用する、(8)に記載の方法。
担体と、前記担体に結合した抗体とを含む抗体固定化担体に、血液試料を結合溶液中で接触させて、前記抗体固定化担体と前記血液試料中に含まれるAPP切断型ペプチドとを結合させる工程と、
前記抗体固定化担体と前記APP切断型ペプチドとの結合体を、洗浄溶液を用いて洗浄する工程と、
前記抗体固定化担体から前記APP切断型ペプチドを、有機溶媒を含む酸性水溶液を用いて解離させる工程と、
解離された前記APP切断型ペプチドを検出する工程と、
を含む。
本発明において用いる抗体固定化担体は、担体に、アミロイド前駆タンパク質(APP)切断型ペプチドを認識可能な抗原結合部位を持つ免疫グロブリン及び/又はアミロイド前駆タンパク質(APP)切断型ペプチドを認識可能な抗原結合部位を含む免疫グロブリン断片が結合しているものである。免疫グロブリンとしては、IgG、IgM、IgA、IgY、IgD、及びIgEが挙げられる。IgG としては、IgG1、IgG2、IgG3、及びIgG4等が挙げられる。アミロイド前駆タンパク質(APP)切断型ペプチドを認識可能な抗原結合部位を持つ免疫グロブリン(以下、「抗APP切断型ペプチド抗体」とも言う)としては、例えば、6E10, 4G8, 1E11, 11A50-B10, 12F4, 9C4, 82E1, 12B2, 1A10等が挙げられる。なお、これらの抗体は、抗アミロイド・ベータ抗体として公知のものである。アミロイド前駆タンパク質(APP)切断型ペプチドを認識可能な抗原結合部位を含む免疫グロブリン断片としては、例えば、F(ab’)2、F(ab’)、F(ab)、Fd、Fv、L鎖、及びH鎖からなる群から選ばれることができる。これらの中でも、Fc領域を有しない、免疫グロブリンF(ab’)断片、免疫グロブリンF(ab)断片、及びFv断片からなる群から選ばれることが、非特異的吸着を抑制する観点から好ましい。担体に固定化する抗APP切断型ペプチド抗体としては、モノクローナル抗体、ポリクローナル抗体のいずれでもよい。本発明において用いる抗体固定化担体は、以上の抗APP切断型ペプチド抗体及び/又は抗APP切断型ペプチド抗体断片が、任意の方法により担体に固定化されたものを使用することができる。
まず、前記抗体固定化担体に、血液試料を結合溶液中で接触させて、前記抗体固定化担体と前記血液試料中に含まれるAPP切断型ペプチドとを結合させる。
n-Decyl-β-D-maltoside (DM) [cmc: 0.087%]
n-Dodecyl-β-D-maltoside (DDM) [cmc: 0.009%]
n-Nonyl-β-D-thiomaltoside (NTM) [cmc: 0.116%]
等が挙げられる。CMCは、臨界ミセル濃度である。
α-D-Glucopyranosyl-α ?Dglucopyranoside monooctanoate (Trehalose C8) [cmc: 0.262%]
α-D-Glucopyranosyl-α ?Dglucopyranoside monododecanoate (Trehalose C12) [cmc: 0.008%]
α-D-Glucopyranosyl-α ?Dglucopyranoside monomyristate (Trehalose C14) [cmc: 0.0007%]
等が挙げられる。
n-Octyl-β-D-thioglucoside (OTG) [cmc: 0.278%]
n-Octyl-β-D-glucoside (OG) [cmc: 0.731%]
n-Heptyl-β -D-thioglucoside (HTG) [cmc: 0.883%]
等が挙げられる。
次に、結合工程により得られた前記抗体固定化担体と前記APP切断型ペプチドとの結合体を、洗浄溶液を用いて洗浄する。
次に、洗浄後の前記抗体固定化担体と前記APP切断型ペプチドとの結合体について、前記抗体固定化担体から前記APP切断型ペプチドを、有機溶媒を含む酸性水溶液を溶出液として用いて解離させる。
次に、解離され溶出された前記APP切断型ペプチドを、適切な検出系によって検出する。
(1) F(ab’)固定化ビーズの作製
ヒト血漿中のAPP切断型ペプチドを抗体固定化担体へ結合させ、得られたAPP切断型ペプチドと抗体固定化担体の結合体を洗浄し、その後、抗体固定化担体からAPP切断型ペプチドを解離させる工程を、免役沈降法を用いて実施した。免役沈降法で用いる抗体固定化担体はF(ab’) 固定化ビーズを使用した。F(ab’) 固定化ビーズの作製方法は次の通りである。
ヒト血漿 50 μL(C.C Biotech社)に等量の結合溶液 (2%(w/v) n-オクチル-β-D-チオグリコシド(OTG), 800mM GlcNAc, 100mM Tris-HCl, 300mM NaCl, pH7.4)を混合させた後、10%(w/v) PEG6000 (ナカライ)をヒト血漿の1/50量(例えば、ヒト血漿 50 μLに対して10%(w/v) PEG6000 を0.5 μL)を添加した。この血漿サンプルに含まれる沈殿物はUltrafree-MC, DV 0.65 μm, centrifugal filter devices (Millipore, Cork, IR)を用いたフィルター遠心により除去した。Protein G Plus Agarose (50% slurry; Pierce, Rockford, IL)をH2Oで1回洗浄後、洗浄溶液(1%(w/v) OTG, 50mM Tris-HCl, 150mM NaCl, pH7.4)で3回洗浄した。この時に用いたProtein G Plus Agarose (50% slurry)の量は、ヒト血漿の2倍量(例えば、ヒト血漿 50 μLに対してProtein G Plus Agarose 100 μL)である。また、このProtein G Plus Agaroseを洗浄するために用いたH2Oおよび洗浄溶液の容量は1回の洗浄につき、Protein G Plus Agarose の4/5量(例えば、Protein G Plus Agarose 100 μLに対してH2Oおよび洗浄溶液80 μL)である。そのProtein G Plus Agaroseに先ほどの、沈殿物除去後の血漿サンプルを混合させて4℃で1時間転倒混和することにより血漿中に含まれている抗体をProtein G Plus Agaroseへ結合させた。その後、血漿サンプルからProtein G Plus Agaroseを取り除いた。
OTG-glycineバッファー(1%(w/v) OTG, 50mM glycine , pH2.8)で2回洗浄、前記洗浄溶液100 μLで3回洗浄された6E10/4G8 F(ab’) 固定化ビーズ 150 μgに、前記前処理により抗体を取り除いた血漿サンプルを混合させて4℃で1時間転倒混和することにより、ビーズへAPP切断型ペプチドを結合させた。その後、前記洗浄溶液500 μLでビーズを攪拌することにより洗浄する操作を1回行い、前記洗浄溶液100 μLでビーズを攪拌することにより洗浄する操作を4回行った。さらにH2O 20 μLでビーズを攪拌することにより洗浄する操作を1回行った後、溶出液として3 mM 塩酸5μLを用いた場合[比較例1、図2(A)]、又は3 mM 塩酸を含む50%(v/v) アセトニトリル 5 μLを用いた場合[実施例1、図2(B)]の2条件において、各々の溶出液中でビーズを攪拌することにより、6E10/4G8 F(ab’) 固定化ビーズに結合されたAPP切断型ペプチドを解離させて、溶出液中へ放出させた。その溶出液を0.5 μL取り、μFocus MALDI plateTM 900 μm (Hudson Surface Technology, Inc., Fort Lee, NJ)上へ滴下した。
検出工程はMALDI-TOF MSを用いた。マススペクトルデータはAXIMA(登録商標) Performance (Shimadzu/KRATOS, Manchester, UK)を用いて、ポジティブイオンモードのLinear TOFで取得した。1wellに対して2500ショットずつ積算した。Linear TOF用のマトリックスとしてα-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA)を用いた。マトリックス溶液はCHCA 5mgを70%(v/v) アセトニトリル 1mLで溶解することによって調製した。マトリックス添加剤として、2%(w/v) methanediphosphonic acid (MDPNA)を用いた。5 mg/mL CHCA溶液 0.5 μLと2%(w/v) MDPNA 0.5 μLをμFocus MALDI plate上で溶出液に加えた。
本実施例で用いた方法は、免疫沈降法の後に質量分析で検出するため、IP-MSと呼ばれる。
洗浄工程で用いられる洗浄溶液にはTris緩衝液やリン酸緩衝液などの緩衝液を使用することが多いが、その溶液中にはカリウムやナトリウムなどの陽イオン金属元素が含まれている。MALDI-TOF MS測定において陽イオン金属元素の混入は、目的ピークのシグナルを減少させるため、できるだけ金属元素の混入を避ける必要がある。陽イオン金属元素をMALDI-TOF MS測定に混入させない方法として、洗浄工程に酢酸アンモニウム緩衝液による洗浄を追加した。アンモニウムイオンは揮発性のため、MALDI-TOF MSのシグナルをほとんど減少させない。洗浄溶液(1%(w/v) OTG, 50mM Tris-HCl, 150mM NaCl, pH7.4)で洗浄した後、残存している洗浄溶液の陽イオン金属元素を除去する目的で酢酸アンモニウム緩衝液を用いた。また、界面活性剤が溶液中に存在していると6E10/4G8 F(ab’) 固定化ビーズが磁石へ集積しやすく、洗浄操作がしやすいため、0.1%(w/v) OTGも酢酸アンモニウム緩衝液へ加えた。
ヒト血漿500 μL(C.C Biotech社)に等量の結合溶液 (2%(w/v) n-オクチル-β-D-チオグリコシド(OTG), 800mM GlcNAc, 100mM Tris-HCl, 300mM NaCl, pH7.4)を混合させた後、10%(w/v) PEG6000を10 μL添加した。この血漿サンプルに含まれる沈殿物はUltrafree-MC, DV 0.65 μm, centrifugal filter devicesを用いたフィルター遠心により除去した。Protein G Plus Agarose 1000 μLをH2Oで1回洗浄後、洗浄溶液(1%(w/v) OTG, 50mM Tris-HCl, 150mM NaCl, pH7.4)で3回洗浄した。このProtein G Plus Agaroseに先ほどの血漿サンプルを混合させて4℃で1時間転倒混和することにより血漿中に含まれている抗体をProtein G Plus Agaroseへ結合させた。その後、血漿サンプルからProtein G Plus Agaroseを取り除いた。
測定対象のペプチド量に応じて使用するマトリックス濃度及び/又はマトリックス添加剤濃度を最適化することによって、良好なMSシグナルを得ることができる。CHCAとMDPNAの濃度を検討した。
ヒト血漿250 μL(C.C Biotech社)に等量の結合溶液 (2%(w/v) n-オクチル-β-D-チオグリコシド(OTG), 800mM GlcNAc, 100mM Tris-HCl, 300mM NaCl, pH7.4)を混合させた後、10%(w/v) PEG6000を5 μL添加した。この血漿サンプルに含まれる沈殿物はUltrafree-MC, DV 0.65 μm, centrifugal filter devicesを用いたフィルター遠心により除去した。Protein G Plus Agarose 500 μLをH2Oで1回洗浄後、洗浄溶液(1%(w/v) OTG, 50mM Tris-HCl, 150mM NaCl, pH7.4)で3回洗浄した。このProtein G Plus Agaroseに先ほどの血漿サンプルを混合させて4℃で1時間転倒混和することにより血漿中に含まれている抗体をProtein G Plus Agaroseへ結合させた。その後、血漿サンプルからProtein G Plus Agaroseを取り除いた。
(A) 5 mg/mL CHCA溶液 0.5 μL、及び2%(w/v) MDPNA0.5 μL
(B) 1.5 mg/mL CHCA溶液 0.5 μL、及び0.6%(w/v) MDPNA0.5 μL
(C) 0.5 mg/mL CHCA溶液 0.5 μL、及び0.2%(w/v) MDPNA0.5 μL
溶出に最適なアセトニトリル濃度を検討した。
ヒト血漿250 μL(Tennessee Blood Services社)に等量の結合溶液 (0.2%(w/v) DDM, 0.2%(w/v) NTM, 800mM GlcNAc, 100mM Tris-HCl, 300mM NaCl, pH7.4)を混合させた。この血漿サンプルに含まれる沈殿物はUltrafree-MC, DV 0.65 μm, centrifugal filter devicesを用いたフィルター遠心により除去した。Protein G Plus Agarose 500 μLをH2Oで1回洗浄後、洗浄溶液(0.1%(w/v) DDM, 0.1%(w/v) NTM, 50mM Tris-HCl, 150mM NaCl, pH7.4)で3回洗浄した。このProtein G Plus Agaroseに先ほどの血漿サンプルを混合させて4℃で1時間転倒混和することにより血漿中に含まれている抗体をProtein G Plus Agaroseへ結合させた。その後、血漿サンプルからProtein G Plus Agaroseを取り除いた。
(B) 5mM HCl/20%(v/v)アセトニトリル
(C) 5mM HCl/25%(v/v)アセトニトリル
(D) 5mM HCl/50%(v/v)アセトニトリル
(E) 5mM HCl/70%(v/v)アセトニトリル
以上の実施例で得られたマススペクトルにおいて検出されるm/z:3765付近のピークがマススペクトルで検出される原因が、血漿サンプル由来の分子が担体のビーズに非特異的に吸着することにより引き起こされているか否かを検証した。
ヒト血漿250 μL(C.C Biotech社)に等量の結合溶液 (1%(w/v) n-オクチル-β-D-チオグリコシド(OTG), 800mM GlcNAc, 100mM Tris-HCl, 300mM NaCl, pH7.4)を混合させた後、10%(w/v) PEG6000を5 μL添加した。この血漿サンプルに含まれる沈殿物はUltrafree-MC, DV 0.65 μm, centrifugal filter devicesを用いたフィルター遠心により除去した。Protein G Plus Agarose 500 μLをH2Oで1回洗浄後、洗浄溶液(0.5%(w/v) OTG, 50mM Tris-HCl, 150mM NaCl, pH7.4)で3回洗浄した。このProtein G Plus Agaroseに先ほどの血漿サンプルを混合させて4℃で1時間転倒混和することにより血漿中に含まれている抗体をProtein G Plus Agaroseへ結合させた。その後、血漿サンプルからProtein G Plus Agaroseを取り除いた。
実施例5により、マススペクトル中に検出されるm/z3765付近のピークは、担体のビーズに非特異的に吸着したヒト血漿サンプル由来分子であることが分かった。結合溶液及び洗浄溶液に加えている界面活性剤は非特異的な結合を抑えるために使用しているが、その種類によって抗原抗体の結合力および非特異的吸着は変化する。OTGの他に下記の界面活性剤を使用することによるMSスペクトルへの影響を調べた。[ ]内には、各界面活性剤の臨界ミセル濃度(cmc)を表示した。
(2) n-Octyl- β -D-glucoside (OG) [cmc: 0.731%]
(3) n-Decyl- β -D-maltoside (DM) [cmc: 0.087%]
(4) n-Dodecyl- β -D-maltoside (DDM) [cmc: 0.009%]
(5) n-Nonyl-β-D-thiomaltoside (NTM) [cmc: 0.116%]
ヒト血漿250 μL(Tennessee Blood Services社)に等量の結合溶液を混合させた。この血漿サンプルに含まれる沈殿物はUltrafree-MC, DV 0.65 μm, centrifugal filter devicesを用いたフィルター遠心により除去した。Protein G Plus Agarose 500 μLをH2Oで1回洗浄後、洗浄溶液で3回洗浄した。このProtein G Plus Agaroseに先ほどの血漿サンプルを混合させて4℃で1時間転倒混和することにより血漿中に含まれている抗体をProtein G Plus Agaroseへ結合させた。その後、血漿サンプルからProtein G Plus Agaroseを取り除いた。
洗浄溶液(0.5%(w/v) OTG, 50mM Tris-HCl, 150mM NaCl, pH7.4)
(B)結合溶液(3%(w/v) OG, 800mM GlcNAc, 100mM Tris-HCl, 300mM NaCl, pH7.4)、
洗浄溶液(1.5%(w/v) OG, 50mM Tris-HCl, 150mM NaCl, pH7.4)
(C)結合溶液(0.3%(w/v) DM, 800mM GlcNAc, 100mM Tris-HCl, 300mM NaCl, pH7.4)、
洗浄溶液(0.15%(w/v) DM, 50mM Tris-HCl, 150mM NaCl, pH7.4)
(D)結合溶液(0.03%(w/v) DDM, 800mM GlcNAc, 100mM Tris-HCl, 300mM NaCl, pH7.4)、
洗浄溶液(0.015%(w/v) DDM, 50mM Tris-HCl, 150mM NaCl, pH7.4)
(E)結合溶液(0.4%(w/v) NTM, 800mM GlcNAc, 100mM Tris-HCl, 300mM NaCl, pH7.4)、
洗浄溶液(0.2%(w/v) NTM, 50mM Tris-HCl, 150mM NaCl, pH7.4)
洗浄溶液(0.015%(w/v) DDM, 50mM Tris-HCl, 150mM NaCl, pH7.4)
(D-2) 結合溶液 (0.1%(w/v) DDM, 800mM GlcNAc, 100mM Tris-HCl, 300mM NaCl, pH7.4)、
洗浄溶液(0.05%(w/v) DDM, 50mM Tris-HCl, 150mM NaCl, pH7.4)
(D-3) 結合溶液 (0.3%(w/v) DDM, 800mM GlcNAc, 100mM Tris-HCl, 300mM NaCl, pH7.4)、
洗浄溶液(0.15%(w/v) DDM, 50mM Tris-HCl, 150mM NaCl, pH7.4)
洗浄溶液(0.2%(w/v) NTM, 50mM Tris-HCl, 150mM NaCl, pH7.4)
(E-2) 結合溶液 (0.3%(w/v) NTM, 800mM GlcNAc, 100mM Tris-HCl, 300mM NaCl, pH7.4)、
洗浄溶液(0.15%(w/v) NTM, 50mM Tris-HCl, 150mM NaCl, pH7.4)
(E-3) 結合溶液 (0.2%(w/v) NTM, 800mM GlcNAc, 100mM Tris-HCl, 300mM NaCl, pH7.4)、
洗浄溶液(0.1%(w/v) NTM, 50mM Tris-HCl, 150mM NaCl, pH7.4)
洗浄溶液(0.1%(w/v) DDM, 0.1%(w/v) NTM, 50mM Tris-HCl, 150mM NaCl, pH7.4)
(A)結合溶液 (1%(w/v) OTG, 800mM GlcNAc, 100mM Tris-HCl, 300mM NaCl, pH7.4)、
洗浄溶液(0.5%(w/v) OTG, 50mM Tris-HCl, 150mM NaCl, pH7.4)
この(A)は、前述のものと同じである。
実施例1で作製したF(ab’) 固定化ビーズ以外の抗体固定化担体を用いた、本発明の免疫沈降法による感度向上の効果を調べた。F(ab’) 固定化ビーズ以外の抗体固定化担体として、アミロイド・ベータ(1-40)のC末端をエピトープとする抗アミロイド抗体(11A50-B10)を固定化したビーズは次の通り作製した。
アミロイド・ベータ(1-40)のC末端をエピトープとする抗アミロイド・ベータ抗体(11A50-B10)をDynabeads Tosylactivated (Invirtogen)の製品に添付の手順書に従ってビーズへ直接固定化した。具体的には、抗アミロイド・ベータ抗体(11A50-B10)7.5 μgをDynabeads Tosylactivated 55 μL (ビーズ量:1.66 mg)のトシル基に結合させるために、バッファー(1.2M 硫酸アンモニウム、100mM リン酸バッファー、pH7.4)中で37℃、16時間反応させた。その後、TBS(150mM NaCl, 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH7.4)中で37℃、1時間反応させてブロッキングした。作製された11A50-B10 IgG固定化ビーズは使用するまで4℃で保存した。
作製した抗体固定化担体を用いて、免疫沈降法の前処理と、免疫沈降法は次のとおりに実施した。
洗浄溶液(1%(w/v) OTG, 50mM Tris-HCl, 150mM NaCl, pH7.4)、
溶出液(5mM HCl)
(B)結合溶液 (0.2%(w/v) DDM, 0.2%(w/v) NTM, 800mM GlcNAc, 100mM Tris-HCl, 300mM NaCl, pH7.4)、
洗浄溶液(0.1%(w/v) DDM, 0.1%(w/v) NTM, 50mM Tris-HCl, 150mM NaCl, pH7.4)、
溶出液(5mM HCl/70%(v/v)アセトニトリル)
本発明を用いたIP-MSを行い、ヒト血漿中に存在する各種APP切断型ペプチドの検出及び同定を試みた。
ヒト血漿 250 μLに結合溶液 (1% n-オクチル-β-D-チオグリコシド(OTG), 800mM GlcNAc, 100mM Tris-HCl, 300mM NaCl, pH7.4) 250 μLと10% PEG6000 5 μLを混合させた。この血漿サンプルに含まれる沈殿物は Ultrafree-MC, DV 0.65 μm, centrifugal filter devicesを用いたフィルター遠心により除去した。Protein G Plus Agarose (50% slurry; Pierce, Rockford, IL) 500 μLをH2O 400 μLで1回洗浄後、洗浄溶液(0.5% OTG, 50mM Tris-HCl, 150mM NaCl, pH7.4) 400 μLで3回洗浄した。そのProtein G Plus Agaroseに先ほどの血漿サンプルを混合させて4℃で1時間インキュベーションすることにより、血漿中に含まれている抗体をProtein G Plus Agaroseへ結合させた。その後、血漿サンプルからProtein G Plus Agaroseを取り除いた。
OTG-glycineバッファー(1% OTG, 50mM glycine , pH2.8)で2回洗浄、前記洗浄溶液100 μLで3回洗浄された 6E10/4G8 F(ab’) 固定化ビーズ (実施例1で作製したもの)150 μgに、抗体を取り除いた血漿サンプルを混合させて4℃で1時間インキュベーションすることによりAPP切断型ペプチドと結合させた。その後、前記洗浄溶液500 μLでビーズを攪拌することにより洗浄する操作を1回行い、前記洗浄溶液100 μLでビーズを攪拌することにより洗浄する操作を4回行った。その後、50mM酢酸アンモニウム緩衝液(pH7.4)20 μLでビーズを攪拌することにより洗浄する操作を2回行った。さらにH2O 20 μLでビーズを攪拌することにより洗浄する操作を1回行った後、5 mM 塩酸を含む70% アセトニトリル 2.5 μLで 6E10/4G8 F(ab’) 固定化ビーズに結合されたAPP切断型ペプチドを解離させ、溶出した。その溶出液は次のようにμFocus MALDI plateTM 900 μm上へ滴下した。Linear TOF MSで測定する場合は、溶出液を0.5 μLずつ 4 wellへ滴下した。検出されたピークの同定で用いる四重極イオントラップ(QIT) reflectron TOF MSで測定する場合は、溶出液 2 μLを 1 wellへ滴下した。
マススペクトルデータは AXIMA Performanceを用いて、ポジティブイオンモードのLinear TOFで取得した。Linear TOFではラスターモードで400ヶ所のそれぞれの点に対して40ショットずつ積算した。APP切断型ペプチドの同定のために、AXIMA Resonance (Shimadzu/KRATOS)を用いてQIT reflectron TOFのポジティブイオンモードでMS/MS解析を行った。Linear TOF用のマトリックスとしてα-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA)を、QIT reflectron TOF用のマトリックスとして2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB)を用いた。マトリックス溶液はCHCA 1mgとDHB 5mgそれぞれを70%アセトニトリル 1mLで溶解することによって調製した。マトリックス添加剤として、0.4% methanediphosphonic acid (MDPNA)を用いた。CHCA溶液とDHB溶液に0.4% MDPNAを等量混ぜた後、そのマトリックス・添加剤混合液 0.5 μLをμFocus MALDI plate上で溶出液に加えた。
MSで検出されたAPP切断型ペプチドを同定するために、検出された22種類のピークのうち20種類のピークについてMS/MS解析をおこなった。6種類のピークについてはMascot scoreは20以上であったが、その他のピークはシグナルが弱かったためMascot scoreは低かった(表2)。しかし、CIDで優先的に起きやすいアスパラギン酸およびグルタミン酸のC末端側の開裂により生成されるフラグメントイオンがMS/MS解析した全てのスペクトルにおいて検出された(表2、図13~図22)。さらに、6E10/4G8 F(ab’) 固定化ビーズによる選択性、測定マス値の精度、使用した抗体 6E10、または、4G8のエピトープを含む配列であること、を合わせて考慮すると、表1~表2に示されたAPP切断型ペプチドの同定の正確性はかなり高い。検出されたAPP切断型ペプチドの質量の高い2つのピークは、今回使用した装置では十分な選択性でイオントラップができないため、MS/MSデータは取得できなかった。
MDAEFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGGVV
APP669-709(配列番号15):
VKMDAEFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGG
APP669-710(配列番号17):
VKMDAEFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGGV
APP669-711(配列番号18):
VKMDAEFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGGVV
APP666-709(配列番号19):
ISEVKMDAEFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGG
APP666-711(配列番号20):
ISEVKMDAEFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGGVV
APP664-711(配列番号21):
EEISEVKMDAEFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGGVV
及び、
APP663-711(配列番号22):
TEEISEVKMDAEFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGGVV
Claims (9)
- 血液試料中のアミロイド前駆タンパク質(APP)切断型ペプチドを測定する方法であって、
担体と、前記担体に結合した、アミロイド前駆タンパク質(APP)切断型ペプチドを認識可能な抗原結合部位を持つ免疫グロブリン及びアミロイド前駆タンパク質(APP)切断型ペプチドを認識可能な抗原結合部位を含む免疫グロブリン断片からなる群から選ばれる抗体とを含む抗体固定化担体に、血液試料を結合溶液中で接触させて、前記抗体固定化担体と前記血液試料中に含まれるAPP切断型ペプチドとを結合させる工程と、
前記抗体固定化担体と前記APP切断型ペプチドとの結合体を、洗浄溶液を用いて洗浄する工程と、
前記抗体固定化担体から前記APP切断型ペプチドを、有機溶媒を含む酸性水溶液を用いて解離させる工程と、
解離された前記APP切断型ペプチドを検出する工程と、
を含む血液試料中のAPP切断型ペプチドを測定する方法。 - 前記解離工程において、前記有機溶媒を含む酸性水溶液における有機溶媒濃度は、20%(v/v)を超える、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記結合工程において、前記結合溶液は、界面活性剤を含む中性緩衝液である、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記中性緩衝液における界面活性剤濃度は、0.001~10%(v/v)である、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記界面活性剤が、マルトースを親水性部分に持つ中性界面活性剤、トレハロースを親水性部分に持つ中性界面活性剤、及びグルコースを親水性部分に持つ中性界面活性剤からなる群から選ばれる、請求項3又は4に記載の方法。
- 前記洗浄工程において、前記洗浄溶液として界面活性剤を含む中性緩衝液を用いて洗浄を行い、その後、前記洗浄溶液としてアンモニウムイオンを含む水溶液を用いて洗浄を行う、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記検出工程において、質量分析による検出を行う、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記質量分析において、マトリックス支援レーザー脱離イオン化型質量分析装置を用いる、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記マトリックス支援レーザー脱離イオン化型質量分析装置において、0.1~20mg/mLの濃度のマトリックスと、0.1~10%(w/v)の濃度のマトリックス添加剤とを使用する、請求項8に記載の方法。
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| JPWO2015111430A1 (ja) | 2017-03-23 |
| JP6582995B2 (ja) | 2019-10-02 |
| US20160334420A1 (en) | 2016-11-17 |
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