WO2015099629A2 - Separation method of decanted olive paste and dry olive pate obtained - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention is pertaining to the method of obtainment of " dry olive pate " that has the property of being able to be a animal fodder raw material, as a result of complete separation of prina - olive pomace that come out of 2 and 3 phase in line olive oil factories with the instantaneity principle from its kernels in the separation unit, which is our invention by being dried through various conventional methods. The separation unit / separator (8), which is our invention is based on the principle separation basically due to self mass difference. This separation is being realized through a rotating drum that shakes the goods with helical Paddles - Wings and by an adjustable air flow in the opposite direction to the flow direction of the goods. The decanted dry olive paste is transformed into olive kernel in dry form that is torn into parts without oil and dry olive pate which a new product and is completely separated from its kernels in the separation unit / separator (8). Our product is a product that is a new fodder produced by the method of drying pomace and separating it completely from its kernel particles. It can be called kernelless dry olive pate or dry olive pate without kernel.

Description

DESCRIPTION

SEPARATION METHOD OF DECANTED OLIVE PASTE AND DRY OLIVE PATE OBTAINED

Technical field to which the Invention is related :

The Invention is pertaining to the obtainment method of olive kernels and dry olive pate which is a new product in the separation unit, which is our invention, by drying decanted olive paste (prina - olive pomace) that come out of the olive oil factories.

Known State of the Technique :

The production technology of Olive oil factories is as follows in summary :

Olives that come to the olive oil are first washed and they become paste by crushing the olives together with their kernels. The paste that is heated up in the Malaxer unit while the materials are heated up is separated from the olive oil paste in the decanter unit with centrifugal separation method.

Decanters operate in 3 phase or 2 phase principle. The decanter separates the olive paste into olive oil, olive vegetation water and prina - olive pomace in the 3 phase operating method, whereas the decanter separates the olive paste into olive oil and highly moist olive vegetation water and prina - olive pomace mixture in the 2 phase method.

The production technology of Prina - olive pomace is as follows in summary :

The product that come out of the olive oil production facilities and that is stocked in the factories, is named as decanted olive paste prina - olive pomace and such product is being sold to the prina - olive pomace factories.

The heat produced in the boilers of the prina - olive pomace factories and the prina - olive pomace, are introduced into a rotating furnace that has helical paddles - wings in its internals. Water that is present inside the prina vaporizes and the vapor is vented into the atmosphere through a fan.

The moisture of the prina - olive pomace that is in the rotating furnace having a moisture content of 45 % - 65 %, falls into 5 % - 10 % range. The dried prina - olive pomace is being compressed by steam produced in the steam boilers and hexane, which is a very toxic chemical substance. Olive oil ascends upwards during this compression and the oil in the prina - olive pomace is being taken with the explosion by opening the boiler after olive oil is separated from the prina - olive pomace. This oil is named prina - , olive pomace oil. Whereas, the decanted dry prina is being sold as fuel.

THE SECOND EXTRACTION, which is the oil extraction method for the second time is being explained as follows :

Factories that have more than one units are combining in general the exhausted olive cake obtained in this unit. The investment cost of the second extraction system, which is an oil extracting method for the second time through a greater malaxer and a decanter that consumes much more energy is very high and factories combine the product that they obtain from their existing systems.

Properties of olive, exhausted olive cake and prina - olive pomace as chemical substances :

Olives can be consumed as edible olives by fermenting these after their bitterness is taken out through various methods. Oil of excess olives and small size products are taken in olive oil factories by pressing.

The mixture that comprises of oil of the olives that stayed for a while without being processed or the oil of the olives with fermentation that provides the preservation for a while and that are being housed within their bodies and the chemical substances that comprises of various acids and that provide the bitterness to the olives is being named as the olive mill waste water.

Exhausted olive cakes from which their oil and their olive mill waste water have been extracted in olive oil factories, are getting deteriorated within a short while, due to their chemical substances being remained without protection by producing toxic aflatoxin within its body.

Known prina - olive pomace assessment methods as of this moment :

- Existing prina - olive pomace in the olive oil factories, are being sold to prina - olive pomace factories. The prices given by the prina - olive pomace factories that are in the position of a monopoly are not satisfying the owners of the olive oil factories.

- The kernels are being taken away as much as possible in the kernel separation machines that are sold in the market in factories that operate with two phase method by subjecting olive vegetation water and prina - olive pomace to the fast rotation of a drum with holes and whereas, the remaining product is becoming a problematic product that is difficult to transport and that has low economic value. The being taken away of this , system that has started to be applied newly within the course of time from the agenda of the sector due to a mathematical error that has been made is being expected.

- Those factories that carry out second extraction, are selling the product as fuel by passing the product through the drying furnace.

- Natural drying method is a method which is frequently applied. The prina - olive pomace that is produced in winter are being stocked in the factory yard and are being dried under summer sunshine by spreading these in the existing yards and by mixing these.

Regulations in relation to exhausted olive cake and prina - olive pomace :

1- Selling and burning of prina - olive pomace that is not deoiled and that is dried in natural way as fuel are prohibited.

2- The restrained and prohibited substances have been specified in Enclosure 2 of Clause 7 of the " Regulations on Presentation and Use of Fodders to the Market " that has been published in Official Gazette No. 28155 date 27/12/2011 and there is no subject mentioned in Enclosure 2 in relation to olives and olive products.

Kernel separated from exhausted olive cakes :

Olive is the fruit that has the hardest kernel among known fruits. Olive kernel can be broken very difficultly, in spite of the fact that the kernels of peach, apricot and cherry, etc. can be broken with hammer.

Reason of this is the being present of carbon at high ratio in the olive kernel. Due to this reason, olive kernel that has been separated from its water and oil and that has been crushed can be added in to asphalt material and charcoal for barbeques can be made from this material. ,

Olive kernel particles are a clean and environmental fuel that has a higher heating value of 5 500 kcal/h and that do not leave ash after combustion.

In natural life :

Animals like sheep and goats and cattle do eat the olives that are present on olive trees from those places that they can access. At the same time, they do eat the olives that have freshly dropped onto ground by selecting these among those that have already dropped. Animals do not touch the dropped onto ground and deteriorated olives, unless they have suffered great hunger. Animals are expelling the kernels of the olives that they have eaten by ruminating.

Whole household and wild winged animals that live in natural medium eat olives together with their kernels and the structure of the kernels get worn with the acid present in their digestive systems, since they cannot expel the kernels from their digestive systems for long times and the kernels that are known to be " delice / wild / uncultivated " are left to the nature by the way of defecation play the role of olive tree seed. Reason of multiplication of olive trees since centuries in appropriate media is this, the result that follows from here is : what is the reason of not being able of olive oil and olive waste to become animal fodder, on contrary to the consuming of fermented olive and its oil by human beings as a food substance ?

Reason of this is :

- Using of toxic chemical substances in prina - olive pomace produced in prina - olive pomace factories,

- Producing of afla toxin by exhausted olive cake that decomposes in a fast manner from olive oil and olive mill waste water protection,

- Being high of cellulose ratio in partial separation of the kernels in proper manner from exhausted olive cake as produced in such way (allows use as fuel),

- Kernel particles that exist in the exhausted olive cake or prina - olive pomace cannot be expelled from the digestive system of the animal. Those particles that cannot be digested give harm to the animal and these particles may even lead to the death of animal.

Technical problems that the invention aims to solve :

Using of olive waste as animal fodder is being provided through a final product which is completely different from the prina - olive pomace that has been obtained by the method, which is our invention. Thus, also provides contribution to the economy by this way.

The solving of olive vegetation water problem, which is the greatest environmental problem of olive oil factories in 2 phase system by the evaporation method, which is the method of our invention, is being provided. The drying systems are conventional and have a variety of applications. The method we apply is not only related to drying. The separator defined as apparatus in the decomposition report will be useless without drying the product. Hence, a new product is obtained in our system with drying and decomposition.

Figures that would help explaining the invention :

Figure 1- Dry olive pate production flow chart

Figure 2- Flow chart pertaining to the separation unit and the other units

Figure 3- Upper and side cross sectional views of the separation unit / separator

Figure 4- Front and side cross sectional views of the separation unit / separator

Names of parts mentioned in the figures :

- Olive oil production facility

- Feeding screw or pump

- Heating boiler

- Drying drum / unit

- Volute fan

- Cyclone

- Conveying screws

- Separation unit / separator

a. Internal drum

i. Helical Paddles - Wings

b. Axial Fan

c. Drive Motors

i. Screw Drive Motor

ii. Internal drum Drive Motor

d. Kernel Outlet Unit

i. Paddles - Wings Placed with Certain Gaps in Sloped Manner e. Goods Inlet Part

f. Air Discharge Fan Description of the Invention :

The invention is pertaining to the obtainment method of " dry olive pate" that has the property of being able to be a animal fodder raw material for prina - olive pomace that comes out of 2 and 3 phase in line olive oil factories, as a result of complete separation of their kernels in the separation unit, which is our invention by being dried through various conventional methods with instantaneity principle.

The decanted olive paste that is obtained during this olive oil production method that is realized in the olive oil production facility (1) comes to the separation unit / separator (8), through feeding screw or pump (2), heating boiler (3), drying drum (4), volute fan (5), cyclone (6) and conveying screws (7) and is being conveyed by being mixed in the separation unit (8), and olive oil cooling and separation is being realized.

The method we have invented can be installed in olive oil manufacturing plants, and also, there is not any legal and environmental barrier to the installation of drying and separating system with any capacity based on the requirements within any region where olive is grown. With 2 silos which will be constructed in the manufacturing plants dispersedly installed within the olive regions and can stock 20 ton pomace, and the drying and separating plant to be installed within an appropriate center, the necessary digger service price required for loading the goods to the trucks will be removed. The closer distance between the manufacturing plants and the system will both ensure that the number of transportation vehicle can be reduced, and that fuel oil and the number of personnel can be reduced. This will considerably reduce the transportation price within the current pomace manufacturing plants. In addition, the threat caused by the transportation of oily pomace by trucks against the road safety will be diminished.

Although it has not been mentioned so far about the secondary mechanical decantation, it is not legally and technically prohibited to add such a section in front of the system. Drying section: In the existing system, this section is designed to dry two-phase pomace. Thus, it will be ensured to dispose of the dark water of the olive which causes a significant environmental problem. Thanks to this method we have invented, a 20% raw protein contained in the, dry substance of dark water will remain in the dry olive paste, and positively contributed to its feed value. In case of failure to ensure satisfactory drying in the two-phase pomace:- Separating section: The method we have invented is a feed stuff that is separated from , its oil content to a large extent, and includes olive kernel particles containing oil in it within legal limitations, .and have 2000-2500 metabolic energy, 8-12% raw protein, and 25-30%) raw cellulose, on which academic studies are still carried out. With the apparatus we have invented, the investment on oil output at pomace manufacturing plants (steam boiler, blasting boilers, recycling plants, etc.) can be installed at such costs that can be ignored compared to the operating costs. With the apparatus we have invented, 7-1 1% industrial vegetable oil is used to contribute to the energy content of mixed (concentrated) feed stuff used in feeding the animals all around the world. Raw pomace oil has an economic value equivalent to the other industrial oils. Moreover, considering the investment and operating costs to be incurred for raw pomace oil production, our product will be an alternative, cost-efficient feed stuff for mixed feed stuff industry.

The properties units and the parts that form the system are being specified herein below :

Olive Oil Production Facility (1) : Olive oil Production Facility (1) is the production area. The definite operating as coupled to the olive oil production facility (1) for being able to apply this method, which is our invention and for being able to obtain correct final product, and not being stocked of decanted olive paste in a separate place is necessary. Principle of instantaneity must definitely be applied.

Feeding Screw or Pump (2) : A small addition may be made on to the screw of the existing factory as well as the feeding screw or pump (2) may be produced on separate basis also. The feeding screw or pump (2) is being conveyed to the olive paste drying drum (4) with heat in the same direction.

Heating Boiler (3) : The Heating Boiler (3) is the unit that provides the varying heat amount in accordance with the heat need to the drying drum / unit (4) through dry air or direct flame.

Drying drum / unit (4) : The Drying drum / unit (4) is a drying unit, length and diameter of which is variable in accordance with the capacity, that provides the conveyance and mixing of the goods and that has Paddles - Wings in it. The Drying drum / unit (4) may comprise of two or three drums that have passed inside each other, as well as the Drying drum / unit (4) may be a single unit.

The decanted olive paste that is given in the same direction as the heat mix in the rotating drying drum / unit (4) and the heat in the medium evaporates the water in the paste. Volute fan (5) : The Volute Fan (5) provides the steam in the Drying drum / unit (4) to be expelled to the atmosphere and its capacity is being adjusted in accordance with the need. This unit, may also be used in recycling, as well as it conveys the steam in the drying drum / unit (4) to the atmosphere.

Cyclone (6) : Cyclone^" (6) is the unit that has been designed to collect the material drawn by the Volute fan (5) and for the passing of steam. The order of the Volute fan (5) and the cyclone (6) may change in the flow diagram. In other words, steam coming out of drying drum / unit (4) enters first to the cyclone (6), the volute fan (5) above the cyclone (6) sucks the steam, and the solid matter falls underneath the cyclone (6), or this may be made with other order also.

Transferring of product from Drying drum / unit (4) to separation unit / separator (8); Conveying screw (7) : Dry olive paste, oil of which has partly been extracted from the slots that are present in the goods outlet in the Drying drum / unit (4) reach the conveying screw (7) by passing the air lock from the drying drum / unit (4). The separated goods is added through the cyclone (6) to this conveying screw (7).

Separation unit - separator (8) ; The Separation unit / separator (8) comprises of an internal drum (8a) that covers an axial fan (8b) that provides an air flow in the opposite direction to the goods incoming direction and that rotates with various drive methods and that has been covered with a steel plate. The helical Paddles - Wings (8ai) that have been mounted with special angles and that have been placed inside the internal drum (8a) provides the being thrown and conveyance of the product. The decanted dry olive paste enters from one side of the internal drum (8a) and the goods that enter inside are being shaken by the drum. Whereas, the air flow is being adjusted with frequency controlled axial fan that takes place on the opposite side. The product, the temperature of which reaches approximately 100 degrees in the drying drum (4) due to the fan cools when it meets with the cold air, thus the product is being cold packed and its shelf life becomes extended. Those elements that we name as kernel and the dry olive pate are being separated from each other due to their differences in their self masses at the same time by this controlled air cooling method.

The dry olive paste is transformed into scattered olive kernel in dry from and without oil and dry olive pate which is a new product in the separation unit / separator (8) for product, oil of which has been partly extracted. Properties of dry olive pate obtained :

, Dry and olive kernels without oil at the Separation unit /separator (8) and the dry olive pate that is obtained by separating these kernels is a new product. The moisture ratio of this product is below 13 %. The ratio of cellulose that cannot be digested in the product as result of complete separation process from the kernels drops at important scale. A product that has a metabolic energy in the 2 200 kcal/kg - 3 000 kcal/kg range and that covers small quantity of sugar and starch due to the raw protein, ratios of which can be varied due to the raw oil, raw cellulose and raw ash properties of the olive that is taken in the process is being obtained.

The invention is the dry olive pate without oil and that is separated from kernel, that is obtained in the olive oil production facilities (1). The dry olive pate is being presented to usage as a product with high energy and nourishing with quality with its properties by mixing it with the animal fodders in the direction of raw ash of 4,22 %, raw protein of 7,60 %, raw cellulose of 28,53 %, raw oil of 1 1,94 % as specified in the analysis reports of the product and as presented in the enclosure in 3 phase system.

The method, which is our invention, gets rid of olive vegetation water that creates environmental problem in case it is applied in olive oil factories that operates on 2 phase principle. Those substances that take place in the olive vegetation water that is discharged into the nature in the 3 phase production system have nourishing value, where substances like raw protein, starch, sugar are in the forefront will remain inside the olive paste, oil of which has not been taken in the 2 phase production system. The dry olive pate that is obtained by 2 phase production system by separating the decanted olive paste from its kernel by being dried will be a more valuable animal fodder raw material.

An ease will be provided in the drying process, in case the paste that is obtained by 2 phase production system and that covers approximately 70 % moisture is mixed with olive leaves.

Way of applying the invention to industry :

The separation unit, which is our invention will operate together with the drying system that is coupled to the olive oil factories. The instantaneity principle must definitely be applied. Increase in the factory revenues and contribution to the economy of the country, due to ' this method that is to be applied in the olive oil factories.

The decanted olive paste (prina - olive pomace), which is a waste product and the olive vegetation water which is also a waste product that create an environmental problem will combine through the system, which is our invention at the olive oil factories that has been transformed into 2 phase production system, and these will be made to be earned as the fodder raw material with richer protein to the economy as dry olive pate by being separated after .drying these.

The separation unit / separator (8ai), which is our invention may be used singly also in the separation of products with different densities in other food industry branches, in case of need, in spite of the fact that the separation unit / separator (8ai) has been designed for being used in the olive oil industry.

The obtained is a product and its property is being an alternative cheap fodder raw material.

The obtained is a product and its name as determined by us is ' Dry olive Pate without Kernel '.

Claims

The invention is a method pertaining to the obtainment of dry olive pate and its property is the using of olive paste partially covered by oil produced in olive oil production facility (1) in the direction of instantaneity principle.

The invention is a method pertaining to obtainment of dry olive pate and its property is its covering the drying unit that includes feeding screw or pump (2), heating boiler (3), drying drum (4), volute fan (5), cyclone (6), conveying screws (7) and the separation unit / separator (8).

The invention is a method pertaining to the obtainment of dry olive pate and its property is its being a rotating drum in its own axis, where the length and diameter of the drying drum / unit (4) is variable in accordance with its capacity and that provides the conveyance and mixing of the goods, that houses helical Paddles - Wings (9) that extend inside it along the inlet and outlet.

The invention is the drying drum / unit (4) as mentioned in Claim 3 and its property is its being able to comprise of two or three drums that have passed onto each other, as well as its probability of a single drum and where the decanted olive paste that is provided in the same direction as the heat and is mixed in the rotating drying drum / unit (4) and the heat in the medium evaporates the water in the decanted olive paste.

The invention is a method pertaining to the obtainment of dry olive pate and its property is its having present the conveying screws (7) that conveys the product that is formed inside the drying drum (4) and underneath the cyclone (6) to the separation unit / separator (8).

The invention is a method pertaining to the obtainment of dry olive pate and its property is its having present of the separation unit / separator (8) after the drying drum / unit (4).

The invention is the separation unit / separator (8) as mentioned in Claim 6 and its property is its having present of the rotating internal drum (8a) that is rotated through various drive methods (belt and pulley, chain wheel, with shaft bearing, etc.) where helical Paddles - Wings (8ai) exist having the property of the mixing the incoming product and throwing by leaving from top. 8- The invention is the separation unit / separator (8) as mentioned in Claim 6 and its property is its covering an axial fan (8b) that forma an air flow in the opposite direction to the conveyance direction of the goods.

9- The invention is the separation unit / separator (8) as mentioned in Claim 6 and its property is its having the air outlet part of the axial fan (8b) in such a way to look into the internal parts of the internal drum (8a).

10- The invention is the separation unit / separator (8) as mentioned in Claim 6 and its property is its having steel plate construction that has two product outlets and one air outlet.

1 1 - The invention is the separation unit / separator (8) as mentioned in Claim 6 and its property is its forming the kernel outlet part (8d) in the form of a drum that is formed by a drum with holes that would not allow air to get out, whereas the kernels are to be discharged from the internal drum (8a) by adding long thin steel plates that are parallel to each other to 2 each metal rings with gaps.

12- The invention is the product that is obtained and its property is the being lower of the moisture ratio than 13 %.

13- The invention is a new fodder produced by the method of drying pomace and separating it completely from its kernel particles called kernelless dry olive pate or dry olive pate without kernel; without kernel and being a fresh product of animal fodder raw material that provides a shelf life of at least 1 year, where moisture value of the decanted olive paste that come out of the olive oil factories where the product is dried maximum to 13 % with the instantaneity principle by being produced through complete separation of its kernel.