WO2015053337A1 - ヒスチジンを含有する食品およびその用途 - Google Patents
ヒスチジンを含有する食品およびその用途 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015053337A1 WO2015053337A1 PCT/JP2014/076990 JP2014076990W WO2015053337A1 WO 2015053337 A1 WO2015053337 A1 WO 2015053337A1 JP 2014076990 W JP2014076990 W JP 2014076990W WO 2015053337 A1 WO2015053337 A1 WO 2015053337A1
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- histidine
- food
- intake
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- improving
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/17—Amino acids, peptides or proteins
- A23L33/175—Amino acids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L2/52—Adding ingredients
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/4164—1,3-Diazoles
- A61K31/4172—Imidazole-alkanecarboxylic acids, e.g. histidine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
- A61K9/0056—Mouth soluble or dispersible forms; Suckable, eatable, chewable coherent forms; Forms rapidly disintegrating in the mouth; Lozenges; Lollipops; Bite capsules; Baked products; Baits or other oral forms for animals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0087—Galenical forms not covered by A61K9/02 - A61K9/7023
- A61K9/0095—Drinks; Beverages; Syrups; Compositions for reconstitution thereof, e.g. powders or tablets to be dispersed in a glass of water; Veterinary drenches
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/08—Solutions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/2013—Organic compounds, e.g. phospholipids, fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/4841—Filling excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/4858—Organic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/26—Psychostimulants, e.g. nicotine, cocaine
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2250/00—Food ingredients
- A23V2250/02—Acid
- A23V2250/06—Amino acid
- A23V2250/0624—Histidine
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a food containing histidine and its use.
- Histidine is a kind of basic amino acid and is an essential amino acid having a heteroaromatic ring called an imidazolyl group in the side chain. Histidine is an amino acid that is also recognized as a food additive and is contained in many foods. For example, histidine is added as a seasoning or a fragrance for the purpose of preventing the spread of taste and smell, and its content is about 50 mg / 100 ml at the maximum.
- an anti-fatigue composition containing histidine or histidine hydrochloride is known (Patent Document 1). The document discloses that the composition improves physical fatigue.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a food containing a histidine having an unconventional composition and / or form, and to provide a food having a new function based on histidine. More specifically, an object of the present invention is to provide a food or the like that is less likely to cause side effects and can effectively improve mental vitality.
- a food comprising a unit packaging form per serving, and containing 0.3 g or more of histidine as a serving intake in the unit.
- a food comprising a unit packaging form per serving, and containing 0.3 g or more of histidine as a serving intake in the unit.
- [14] The food according to any one of [1] to [12], which is used for improving biological rhythm.
- [15-2] A beverage containing 1 w / v% or more of histidine.
- a mental vitality improving agent comprising a unit packaging form per serving, and containing 0.3 g or more of histidine as a single serving intake.
- a biological rhythm improving agent comprising a unit packaging form per serving, and containing 0.3 g or more of histidine as a serving intake in the unit.
- the above [17] or [18], wherein the content of an amino acid other than histidine or a substance that can be converted to an amino acid other than histidine by hydrolysis is 8 g or less in terms of a single food intake in terms of amino acids other than histidine. Agent.
- [26] A container-packed beverage containing 0.3 g or more of histidine as one meal intake.
- [27-2] A method for improving mental vitality, comprising administering the packaged beverage according to [26] above to a subject in need thereof.
- [27-3] The packaged beverage according to [26] above for use in improving mental vitality.
- the container-packed beverage according to [26] which is for improving biological rhythm.
- [28-2] A method for improving biological rhythm, comprising administering the packaged beverage according to [26] above to a subject in need thereof.
- [28-3] The packaged beverage according to [26] above for use in improving biological rhythm.
- the food containing the histidine of the present invention has excellent safety in that it has a low risk of causing side effects since its active ingredient is an amino acid, and can be used on a daily basis.
- FIG. 1A shows a protocol for verifying the change in dark-spontaneous locomotor activity (mental vitality, particularly an index of motivation) in mice after sleep underload by continuous administration of histidine.
- FIG. 1B shows the measurement result of the self-issue amount during the dark period. *: Dunnet's test after comparison of one-way analysis of variance, p ⁇ 0.05.
- FIG. 1C shows the cumulative self-issued movement amount in the first half of the dark period. ***: Dunnet's test after one-way analysis of variance, p ⁇ 0.001, *: Dunnet's test after one-way analysis of variance, p ⁇ 0.05.
- FIG. 1A shows a protocol for verifying the change in dark-spontaneous locomotor activity (mental vitality, particularly an index of motivation) in mice after sleep underload by continuous administration of histidine.
- FIG. 1B shows the measurement result of the self-issue amount during the dark period. *: Dunnet's test after comparison of one-way analysis of variance,
- FIG. 2A shows a protocol for verifying a change in spontaneous activity (mental vitality, particularly an index of motivation) in a novel environment of a mouse after sleep deficit load by a single administration of histidine.
- FIG. 2B shows the measurement result of the self-issued movement amount under a novel environment. *: Dunnet's test after comparison of one-way analysis of variance, p ⁇ 0.05.
- FIG. 3A shows a protocol for verifying changes in short-term working memory ability (mental vitality, particularly cognitive indicators) in mice after sleep deprivation by a single administration of histidine.
- FIG. 3B shows the measurement result of the alternation behavior rate.
- FIG. 4A shows a protocol for validating changes in mood, motivation and cognition with regard to mental vitality in men feeling reduced sleep quality and fatigue with histidine intake for 14 days.
- FIG. 4B shows the T score change amount in POMS. *: Paired t test, p ⁇ 0.05.
- FIG. 4C shows the amount of change of each item in the VAS before the cognitive function test. *: Paired t test, p ⁇ 0.05.
- FIG. 4D shows the amount of change in reaction time in the cognitive function test. *: Paired t test, p ⁇ 0.05.
- FIG. 4E shows the amount of change of each item in the VAS after the cognitive function test. *: Paired t test, p ⁇ 0.05.
- FIG. 5A shows a protocol for examining changes in mood, motivation and cognition with regard to the mental vitality of a man feeling reduced sleep quality and fatigue due to a single histidine intake.
- FIG. 5B shows the amount of change of each item in the VAS before the cognitive function test. *: Paired t test, p ⁇ 0.05.
- FIG. 5C shows the amount of change of each item in the VAS after the cognitive function test. *: Paired t test, p ⁇ 0.05.
- FIG. 6 shows the phase advance action of biological rhythm by ingestion of histidine. *: Unmatched t test.
- FIG. 5A shows a protocol for examining changes in mood, motivation and cognition with regard to the mental vitality of a man feeling reduced sleep quality and fatigue due to a single histidine intake.
- FIG. 5B shows the amount of change of each item in the VA
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of an embodiment showing that the phase of biological rhythm can be adjusted by ingestion of histidine.
- the horizontal axis represents time
- the vertical axis represents the observation date
- the increase in the amount of self-issued movement for each observation date is indicated by a bar graph.
- FIG. 8 shows the phase change of the clock gene expression oscillation due to the intake of histidine.
- Histidine is an essential amino acid having a structural formula of HOOCCH (NH 2 ) CH 2 -5-imidazole.
- the “substance that can be converted to histidine by hydrolysis” is a substance from which histidine can be obtained by hydrolysis reaction (particularly in vivo hydrolysis reaction), and typical examples include proteins and peptides having histidine as a constituent unit.
- a substance from which histidine can be obtained by hydrolysis reaction is expected to produce the same effect as histidine is produced from the beginning by producing histidine by hydrolysis in the body after ingestion.
- the histidine used in the present invention may be either histidine extracted from a naturally occurring animal or plant or the like, or obtained by chemical synthesis, fermentation, enzyme, or gene recombination. Any of L-form, D-form and DL-form can be used.
- the histidine used in the present invention may be in the form of a salt.
- the salt form include acid addition salts and salts with bases, and pharmacologically acceptable salts are preferably selected.
- examples of such salts include salts with inorganic acids, salts with organic acids, salts with inorganic bases, and salts with organic bases.
- Examples of the salt with an inorganic acid include salts with hydrohalic acid (hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, etc.), sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and the like.
- Examples of the salt with an organic acid include salts with formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, citric acid and the like.
- Examples of the salt with an inorganic base include a salt with an alkali metal such as sodium, potassium and lithium, a salt with an alkaline earth metal such as calcium and magnesium, and a salt with ammonium.
- Examples of the salt with an organic base include salts with ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, ethanolamine, monoalkylethanolamine, dialkylethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine and the like.
- the food in a unit package form per serving contains 0.3 g or more of histidine or a substance that can be converted to histidine by hydrolysis in terms of histidine (that is, as one serving intake). Since such foods and the like can easily ingest a lot of histidine, they are foods and the like that are easy to enjoy the effects of the new action described later.
- food and the like is a concept that broadly encompasses those that can be taken orally, and includes not only so-called “food” but also beverages, health supplements, health functional foods, supplements, and the like.
- a unit packaging form per serving for example, in the case of beverages, candy, chewing gum, jelly, pudding, yogurt, etc., a form in which a certain amount is defined by a pack, packaging, bottle, etc., granules, powder, slurry
- a certain amount can be defined by packaging.
- the form which has shown the intake per meal on a container etc. is mentioned.
- food or the like includes an agent that is ingested for a specific purpose, unlike a food that is ingested on a daily basis to maintain the body's nutrition. Therefore, the “food etc.” of the present invention is the present invention. Is synonymous with “food and agents”.
- Food and agent comprising“ unit packaging form per meal ” are foods and agents in a form in which the amount taken per meal is predetermined.
- histidine refers to the weight of histidine when it contains histidine itself, and substances that can be converted to histidine by hydrolysis In the case of containing histidine, it means that attention is paid to the weight of histidine when all substances that can be converted to histidine by hydrolysis are converted into histidine.
- foods contain both histidine and a substance that can be converted to histidine by hydrolysis, the weight of histidine when all the substances that can be converted to histidine by hydrolysis are converted to histidine by hydrolysis, and originally The total weight of the histidine and the histidine is taken as the content in the food.
- the content of histidine per serving or a substance that can be converted to histidine by hydrolysis is 0.3 g or more, preferably 0.7 g or more in terms of histidine, from the viewpoint of ease of inclusion in foods and the effect of inclusion. More preferably, it is 1 g or more, more preferably 1.2 g or more, and further preferably 1.6 g or more.
- the content is preferably 23 g or less.
- the content of an amino acid other than histidine or a substance that can be converted into an amino acid other than histidine by hydrolysis is usually 8 g or less per serving (ie, as one meal intake) in terms of amino acids other than histidine, and 6 g Or less, 4 g or less, preferably 2 g or less. More preferably, 50 mg or less is mentioned, It is preferable that it is not contained substantially.
- amino acid is a general term for organic compounds having both an amino group (—NH 2 ) and a carboxyl group (—COOH). Therefore, amino acids other than histidine in the present invention are both amino groups and carboxyl groups.
- Organic compounds other than histidine having “A substance that can be converted into an amino acid other than histidine by hydrolysis” is a substance that can produce an organic compound (excluding histidine) having both an amino group and a carboxyl group by hydrolysis (particularly in vivo hydrolysis reaction).
- a typical example is a protein or peptide having an amino acid other than histidine as a constituent unit.
- amino acids other than histidine refers to the weight of amino acids other than histidine and amino acids other than histidine by hydrolysis. This means that attention is paid to the sum of the weight of amino acids other than histidine and the weight of amino acids other than histidine when it is assumed that the substance has become amino acids other than histidine by hydrolysis.
- histidine contained in food or the like there is no particular limitation on the form of histidine contained in food or the like, and the form of a substance that can be converted to histidine by hydrolysis, and it may be powder or granule, slurry, tablet, capsule, solution, jelly, emulsion It may be a shape. Among these, granular and powder are preferable because of portability and ease of packaging. Further, from the viewpoint of ease of ingestion, a solution form, a jelly form, and a slurry form are also preferable.
- the food or the like is a so-called health food
- a form in which a drink in which 0.3 g or more of histidine is suspended or dissolved is put in a bottle or the like in the form of being completely consumed per serving.
- the form of the food or the like of the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be solid, semi-solid such as powder, tablet, granule, slurry, capsule, solution, jelly, emulsion, or liquid. From the viewpoint of portability and ease of packaging, it is preferably a powder, tablet or granule. From the viewpoint of ease of ingestion, a slurry form is also preferable.
- the foodstuff of this invention is manufactured as a drink, confectionery, jelly, pudding, and yoghurt from a viewpoint of the ease of ingestion.
- Beverages are not only provided as solutions or suspensions in bottles, cans, paper packs, etc., but may also be used for drinking after being extracted and dissolved, such as tea, coffee, powdered beverages, etc. Good.
- confectionery refers to a taste product such as sweetness to be eaten in addition to meals, and examples include candy, chewing gum, and tablet confectionery.
- histidine is contained at a concentration of 1 w / v% or more, a necessary amount can be ingested as many times as necessary.
- it is 3 w / v% or more, more preferably 5 w / v% or more.
- histidine is contained in an amount of 100 mg or more (that is, 0.1 g or more)
- the necessary amount can be taken in an appropriate number of agents.
- it is 250 mg or more (that is, 0.25 g or more), more preferably 300 mg or more (that is, 0.3 g or more), more preferably 700 mg or more (that is, 0.7 g or more).
- the tablet can be easily sized.
- it is 70 weight% or more, More preferably, it is 80 weight% or more.
- Examples of the application object of the food of the present invention include rodents such as mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, laboratory animals such as rabbits, pets such as dogs and cats, cows, pigs, goats, horses, sheep and chickens. And other domestic animals and poultry, primates such as monkeys, orangutans and chimpanzees, and humans.
- the dosage of foods and the like of the present invention is based on the general description of dosages for humans described in the present specification, and further the body weight or size of animals, or administration What is necessary is just to adjust suitably according to the physical condition, sensitivity, etc. of the administration subject at the time.
- One embodiment of the food or the like of the present invention is a packaged beverage containing histidine, and particularly histidine is 0.3 g or more (preferably 0.7 g or more, more preferably 1 g or more, more preferably 1 serving or more). Is contained 1.2 g or more, particularly preferably 1.6 g or more).
- the content of histidine in the packaged beverage of the present invention is preferably 23 g or less as a single food intake from the viewpoint of eating experience (described above) obtained from known knowledge and ease of packaging and ingestion.
- Examples of the “beverage” in the packaged beverage of the present invention include the food of the present invention provided as a beverage, specifically, a tea beverage (eg, green tea, oolong tea, black tea, etc.), an alcoholic beverage (eg, Beer, wine, sake, shochu, plum wine, sparkling wine, whiskey, brandy, etc.), soft drinks (eg, sports drinks, isotonic drinks, mineral water, coffee drinks, etc.), juices (eg, juice juice, vegetable juice, etc.), etc.
- Beverages and liquid seasonings eg, soy sauce, vinegar, sake, mirin, dashi), liquid supplements (eg, nutrition drinks, beauty drinks, energy drinks, etc.).
- Container-packed beverages can be produced by pouring, filling, etc. these beverages into desired containers.
- the beverage may be provided as a solution or a suspension, but may be extracted and dissolved for use in drinking, such as tea leaves, coffee beans, and powdered beverages.
- the container used in the container-packed beverage of the present invention can be appropriately selected according to the purpose, but cans, bottles, plastic bottles, paper containers, aluminum pouches and the like are typically exemplified.
- the capacity is not particularly limited. For example, even if one unit to two or more units is stored in one container as it is, with one meal intake as one unit, it is stored in a container in a concentrated state. It may be a thing.
- the container-packed beverage of the present invention may consist of a unit packaging form per serving.
- Examples of the form include a form that prescribes a certain amount in a container and a form in which the amount of intake per meal is displayed on the container.
- the packaged beverage according to the present invention is an embodiment of the food according to the present invention. Therefore, the “food according to the present invention” described in the present specification includes the “packaged beverage according to the present invention”. Needless to say.
- the novel uses in the present invention are uses as a food for improving mental vitality (mental vitality improving agent) and a food for improving biological rhythm (biological rhythm improving agent).
- the agent in the present invention is understood to be ingested for a specific purpose, different from the one that is ingested daily in order to keep a person alive and retains the body's nutrition.
- the present invention provides a food product for improving mental vitality comprising a unit packaging form per serving, and containing 0.3 g or more of histidine as a single food intake.
- mental vitality refers to a series of workshops sponsored by the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) North America Chapter. And a willingness to perform mental and physical work ”(Reference: Do specific dietary constituents and supplements affect mental energy? Review of the evidence Nutrition Reviews 2010 Vol. 68 (12 ): 697-718).
- Mental vitality is (1) mood (temporary fatigue or vitality), (2) motivation (decision and enthusiasm), and (3) cognition (sustained attention, awakening, memory, learning, information processing speed) Etc.). In general, it is not necessary to change all three elements to affect mental vitality. Factors that affect mental vitality include genetic factors, nutrition, pain, sleep, etc. (Reference: Mental Energy: Developing a Model for Examining nutrition related claims Nutrition Reviews, Vol.
- Examples of the method for enhancing mental vitality include intake of food / food ingredients and / or supplements, exercise, sufficient sleep, and a short nap.
- Factors that reduce mental vitality may include sleep-related concerns (sleep loss, sleep disorders, lack of sleep, etc.) and fatigue (Reference: Rhythms of mental performance (2008) Mind, Brain, and Education , 2 (1), pp. 7-16.).
- the food of the present invention can be applied to improve mental vitality.
- “improvement” is used in the meaning including the enhancement, enhancement, improvement and maintenance of mental vitality.
- the determination of lack of sleep can be performed by a method known per se, such as a Pittsburgh sleep questionnaire (PSQI) for evaluating subjective sleep quality, sleep polygraphy for measuring a plurality of items including electroencephalogram measurement, etc. Can be used.
- PSQI Pittsburgh sleep questionnaire
- a state having a value of 6 or more can be determined as lack of sleep.
- Evaluation of mental vitality can be performed by a method known per se as an evaluation method of mood, motivation, and cognition.
- Such methods include, for example, subjective evaluation methods such as Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Profile of Mood States (POMS), and Cog Health (Cogstate: Cogstate) that can measure brain function that declines with fatigue and aging.
- Objective evaluation methods such as those manufactured by Health Solution Co., Ltd.).
- “mood” is a concept that includes transient fatigue and transient vitality, and is based on scores of depression, blurring, barking, concentration, and attention in POMS and VAS. Be evaluated.
- motivation is a concept including determination and enthusiasm, and is evaluated based on the motivation score in VAS and the degree of decrease in the self-issued amount of movement due to sleep disorders.
- recognition is a concept that includes sustained attention, arousal, memory, learning, and information processing speed. The reaction speed in the delayed reproduction task of the cognitive function test (cog health), attention in the VAS, and barking ( Evaluation is based on the score of arousal) and the degree of decline in working memory ability due to sleep disorders.
- the score is measured before and after continuous ingestion of a test sample for a certain period, or before and after a single intake, and after taking the test sample, the score of barking, motivation, concentration or attention increases significantly. Or if the depression or blurred scores are significantly reduced, it can be assessed that mental vitality, particularly “mood” has improved. Ingestion of the food or the like of the present invention can significantly improve one or more items selected from the group consisting of attention, concentration, depression, and blurring in VAS.
- the score of attention or fear (wakefulness) in the VAS is measured, and when the score significantly increases after ingestion of the test sample, In particular, it can be evaluated that “cognition” has improved. If the food or the like of the present invention is ingested, the item of attention or barking (awakening) in the VAS can be significantly improved.
- a score is measured before or after a test sample is continuously ingested for a certain period or before and after a single intake, and the score of vitality after ingestion of the test sample is significantly increased, or tension-anxiety, If the scores for depression, anger, fatigue, or confusion are significantly reduced, it can be assessed that mental vitality, particularly “mood”, has improved. For example, when the T score of the fatigue factor (F factor) is 60 or more in the subjective evaluation by POMS, it can be determined that the mental vitality is reduced. Ingestion of the food of the present invention can significantly improve fatigue, in particular.
- the “recognition” state can be determined by evaluating the reaction time in the delayed reproduction task. For example, the test is conducted after continuous ingestion of either the test sample or the control sample for a certain period, and the reaction time in the test sample ingestion group, particularly in the delayed regeneration task, is significantly higher than that in the control sample ingestion group. When it decreases, it can be evaluated that the mental vitality, particularly “cognition” is improved by ingesting the test sample. Ingestion of the food of the present invention can significantly reduce the reaction time in the delayed regeneration task.
- the change of the self-issued amount may be measured by a method known per se for a subject lacking sleep, for example, a data acquisition and analysis system including an infrared sensor ( For example, NS-DAS-32 (NeuroScience, Inc.) can be used.
- a data acquisition and analysis system including an infrared sensor For example, NS-DAS-32 (NeuroScience, Inc.) can be used.
- NS-DAS-32 NeuroScience, Inc.
- measurements are taken after continuous intake of either the test sample or the control sample for a certain period of time, and compared with the control sample intake group, the decrease in the spontaneous movement amount is suppressed in the test sample intake group.
- the mental vitality, particularly “motivation” is improved by ingesting the test sample. If the food or the like of the present invention is ingested, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the amount of spontaneous movement due to sleep disorders.
- the working memory ability may be measured by a method known per se for a subject with sleep deprivation.
- the replacement behavior rate in a Y-maze test as described in the examples described later can be measured, and the decrease in the replacement behavior rate can be evaluated as a decrease in working memory ability.
- measurement is performed after continuous ingestion of either the test sample or the control sample for a certain period, and the decrease in working memory in the test sample intake group is suppressed compared to the control sample intake group
- the mental vitality, particularly “cognition” has been improved by ingesting the test sample. If the food of the present invention is ingested, it is possible to suppress a decrease in working memory ability due to sleep disorders.
- the food of the present invention as a food for improving mental vitality is a food containing histidine or a substance capable of becoming histidine by hydrolysis.
- the intake of the food for this use varies depending on the age, weight, symptom, administration method, etc. of the subject, but for a human adult male, it is usually 0.3 to 23 g / day in terms of histidine. , Preferably 0.7 to 8 g / day, more preferably 0.7 to 4 g / day.
- the meaning of “in terms of histidine” is as described above.
- a food or the like in the form of a unit of intake per serving is also useful in terms of facilitating management of histidine intake.
- the food of the present invention Since the food of the present invention is highly safe, it may be taken prophylactically before symptoms of reduced mental vitality appear. Moreover, since the food of the present invention can achieve the effect of improving mental vitality within a short period of time (for example, about 1 hour) with a single intake, it can be treated therapeutically after symptoms of decreased mental vitality appear. May be taken.
- the intake period of the food of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the present invention is obtained, and usually 1 day or longer (for example, 7 days, 14 days, etc.) It is.
- the present invention provides a food product for improving biological rhythm, etc., comprising a unit packaging form per serving, and containing 0.3 g or more of histidine as one serving intake in the unit.
- the “biological rhythm” refers to a rhythm of a biological phenomenon inherent in a living organism, and particularly refers to a circadian rhythm.
- the biological rhythm is determined by examining the behavior start time of the day by observing the behavior of the individual, or measuring the expression oscillation of a known clock gene (for example, Bmal1, Dbp, Per1, Per2, Reverb-alpha, etc.) by a standard method. (Reference: The Journal of Clinical Investigation 2010 Jul; 120 (7): 2600-9).
- “Improving biological rhythm” refers to improvement of abnormal biological rhythm, and more specifically, various symptoms caused by non-synchronization with the external world of biological rhythm, such as early awakening, headache, tinnitus, increased heartbeat, nausea , Jet lag symptoms including abdominal pain and diarrhea, fatigue-like symptoms including depression, motivation, reduced attention and concentration, depression, daytime sleepiness, and dullness.
- biological rhythm improvement includes normalization of circadian rhythm, improvement of circadian rhythm sleep disorder, improvement of sleep phase regression syndrome, improvement of jet lag, improvement of seasonal depression, and improvement of circadian rhythm modulation with aging. This includes promoting the formation of biological rhythms for the elderly.
- the circadian rhythm can be advanced or the cycle length can be shortened. Since abnormalities in biological rhythms are often due to the recurrence of circadian rhythms, the food of the present invention is used to normalize biological rhythms (for example, in the case of humans, the circadian rhythms are brought close to 24 hours). Useful. Therefore, the food of the present invention includes, for example, a circadian rhythm normalizing agent, a biological rhythm improving agent, a circadian rhythm sleep disorder improving agent, a sleep phase regression syndrome improving agent, a jet lag treatment agent, a jet lag prevention agent, a shift work. It can be used as a poor physical condition improving agent.
- the phase of the expression oscillation of the clock gene that controls circadian rhythm advances with age.
- the food of the present invention is ingested, such a phase shift is suppressed. be able to. Therefore, the food etc. of this invention can be utilized as an improvement agent of various symptoms by the non-synchronization with the external world of a biological rhythm, especially the circadian rhythm modulation accompanying aging.
- the intake amount of the food for the purpose of improving biological rhythm is the same as the intake amount as a food for improving mental vitality.
- the food of the present invention is highly safe, it may be taken prophylactically before abnormal biological rhythm appears.
- the food of the present invention may be taken therapeutically after symptoms of abnormal biological rhythm appear.
- the intake period of the food or the like of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the present invention is obtained, and is usually 1 day or longer (eg, 4 days, 7 days, 9 days, 14 days, etc.).
- various additives can be blended with the food of the present invention for the purpose of providing it in a form that is easier to drink.
- specific examples include a corrigent, a fragrance, an excipient, a lubricant, and the like, and any can be used as long as it is permitted to be added to foods.
- the corrigent include acidulants such as ascorbic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, malic acid and salts thereof, and sweeteners such as aspartame, stevia, sucralose, glycyrrhizic acid, thaumatin, acesulfame potassium, saccharin, and saccharin sodium.
- Citric acid is preferably used as a flavoring agent.
- fragrances include synthetic fragrance compounds such as L-menthol, citrus essential oils such as orange, lemon, lime and grapefruit, plant essential oils such as flower essential oil, peppermint oil, spearmint oil and spice oil.
- excipient include lactose, sucrose, D-mannitol, starch, corn starch, crystalline cellulose, light anhydrous silicic acid and the like.
- lubricant include magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, talc, colloidal silica and the like.
- the food and the like of the present invention may be a commercial package packaged together with a description that describes the use / efficacy and the description of the eating and drinking method.
- Example 1 Verification of effects by changes in dark-run self-issued amount (mental vitality, particularly an index of motivation) after sleep deficit load and continuous administration of histidine (His)
- histidine intake group SD + His
- the control group CON
- the solvent intake group SD + solvent
- the sleep disorder group SD was loaded with 0.5 cm of water in the cage and loaded with one day of sleep deprivation.
- the load was released and returned to the home cage 6 hours after the start of the light period (ZT6), and a 6-hour rest was provided.
- the control group was raised in a home cage without load. After that, under fasting / waterless conditions, it is placed under the infrared sensor (Digital acquisition system; NS-DAS-32, Neuroscience Inc, Tokyo, Japan) for measuring self-issued movement, and the self-issued movement is measured. Data was collected with a digital counter (Neuroscience Inc, Tokyo, Japan). The results are shown in FIGS. 1B and C.
- Example 2 Verification of self-issued dynamics (psychological vitality, particularly an index of motivation) under a novel environment after sleep deficit load and the effect of a single administration of histidine (His) Using 9-10 week old CD2F1 mice, As shown in the experimental protocol of 2A, the sleep disorder group (SD) was subjected to a sleep deficit for 1 day, the load was released to ZT6 and returned to the home cage, and a 6-hour rest was provided. The control group (CON) was housed in a home cage with no load.
- SD sleep disorder group
- CON CON
- Example 3 Verification of effects of short-term working memory ability (mental vitality, especially cognitive indicators) after sleep-deficit load and single administration of histidine As shown in the experimental protocol of FIG. 3A using 9-week-old CD2F1 mice In addition, the sleep disorder group (SD) was subjected to a sleep deficit load for 2 days, the load was released to ZT6 and returned to the home cage, and a 6-hour rest was provided. The control group (CON) was housed in a home cage with no load.
- SD sleep disorder group
- CON control group
- the 1.2 w / v% L-histidine solution was applied 2 hours after the dark period after sleep deprivation so that the L-histidine dose was 1.2 g / kg body weight ( ZT14) was orally administered.
- the solvent (water) was orally administered to the solvent administration group (SD + solvent) and the control group (CON).
- the Y-maze test was performed 3 hours after the dark period (ZT15) to measure short-term working memory. The results are shown in FIG. 3B.
- Example 4 Verification of histidine (His) intake effect for 14 days in men who feel sleep quality decline and fatigue Men who are 45 years old or older and younger than 65 years old have conducted a “self-diagnosis fatigue questionnaire” (( Fatigue Research Laboratories Co., Ltd.) selected 20 people who had a comprehensive evaluation of 17 points or higher and the quality of sleep decreased (PSQI ⁇ 6 as a guideline) and a POMS fatigue factor T score of 60 points or higher. 10 people were assigned to 2 groups. In each group, a crossover test was conducted in which histidine and a control food (equal volume of cellulose) were ingested for 14 days. As shown in the experimental protocol of FIG.
- the subject is a capsule containing 1.65 g of L-histidine as a daily intake (a capsule containing only 0.33 g of L-histidine (hard capsule # 2 WHITE OP B / C). 5 capsules) or control sample capsules (5 capsules containing an equal volume of cellulose) for 14 days. After 14 days of intake, a 14-day rest period was provided. After the rest period, the capsule that was not taken before the rest period was ingested.
- Subjects respond to POMS and mental vitality VAS questionnaires (fatigue, depression, dullness, drowsiness, barking, motivation, attention, concentration) on the first and next day of the capsule intake period and measure their cognition Answered the functional measurement task Cog Health (under the condition that the difficulty level was increased by taking the mental arithmetic task at the same time). Furthermore, after the end of Cog Health, I answered the VAS questionnaire. By performing the evaluation after the end of the cog health, it is possible to know the state after the work load that is different from that before the work load. The results are shown in FIGS.
- Example 5 Verification of the effect of single intake of histidine (His) in men who feel sleep quality deterioration and fatigue Men who are 45 years old and younger than 65 years old and conducted in advance "Self-diagnosis fatigue questionnaire" (( Fatigue Research Laboratories Co., Ltd.) selected 20 people who had a comprehensive evaluation of 17 points or higher and the quality of sleep decreased (PSQI ⁇ 6 as a guideline) and a POMS fatigue factor T score of 60 points or higher. 10 people were assigned to 2 groups. In each group, the effects of a single intake of histidine and control food (equal volume of cellulose) were compared. As shown in the experimental protocol of FIG.
- Example 6 Phase-regulating action of biological rhythm by ingestion of histidine (His)
- Histidine histidine
- the phase-regulating action of histidine was evaluated on mice bred under dark conditions for 24 hours.
- external information light-dark cycle of light
- the mice become active in the cycle specific to the biological clock (free run (in the sense that they are free from synchronization) Also called free continuation)).
- this free continuation period is converted to 24 hours and shown on the horizontal axis, and the circadian time is taken, the first 12 hours are the subjective light period (the time zone when the biological clock judges it to be noon: CT0-12)
- CT0-12 the time zone when the biological clock judges it to be noon
- CT12-24 The latter half is referred to as the subjective dark period (time zone that is judged to be night by the biological clock: CT12-24).
- the mouse's self-issued amount of movement (behavioral pattern of free-running period) is measured using the emitted infrared detection type self-issued amount-of-motion sensor (Digital acquisition system; NS-AS01, Neuroscience Inc, Tokyo, Japan). did.
- a food supplemented with 45 mg of L-histidine per gram of normal food was prepared, and replaced with normal food for 4 hours per day.
- the time period for ingestion was either CT2-6 (subjective light period) or CT14-18 (subjective dark period).
- the phase change of the behavior pattern was determined after such a bait replacement for 4 days.
- rhythm produced by the circadian clock is usually a little longer than 24 hours, and many of the abnormal biological rhythms are due to the circadian rhythm reversal. Therefore, by taking histidine in a timely manner, the circadian rhythm is advanced. Or by shortening the cycle, the biological rhythm can be normalized (in the case of human beings, it can approach the 24-hour cycle).
- agents containing histidine are circadian rhythm normalizing agents, biological rhythm improving agents, circadian rhythm sleep disorder improving agents, sleep phase regression syndrome improving agents, jet lag treatment agents, jet lag prevention agents, shift work. It was confirmed to be effective as an agent for improving physical condition associated with.
- Example 7 Improvement of asynchrony with the external environment of biological rhythm by ingestion of histidine (His) 22-24 months old mice raised in an environment with normal light and darkness are divided into two groups, and histidine drinking water is ingested The effect of was examined.
- the histidine intake period is set to 9 days. During that period, a 50 mL centrifuge tube is fitted with a water supply port, and an L-histidine aqueous solution (equivalent to 1.2 w / v% L-histidine) is taken. About 1.2 g / kg body weight per day Of histidine.
- the histidine intake group of elderly mice sampled the auricle while shifting its position over time from the beginning of histidine aqueous solution intake to the 8th to 9th days, and used five clock genes (Bmal1, Dbp, Per1) of peripheral tissues as biorhythm indicators. , Per2, Reverb-alpha).
- the auricular clock gene was also analyzed as a comparison object in elderly mice and young mice (4 months old) who had taken tap water at the same time. It is known that in young and normal mice, these clock genes are well synchronized with the external environment, and clear amplitude and phase patterns can be obtained.
- histidine-containing agents have various symptoms due to the out-of-sync with biological rhythm, such as early awakening, headache, tinnitus, increased heartbeat, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea-like symptoms, fear and motivation, It has been shown to be effective as an agent having an action that is an improvement of one or more items selected from the group consisting of fatigue-like symptoms including attention, concentration loss, depression, and sleepiness.
- Example 8 Histidine-containing tablet A histidine-containing tablet having the following composition was produced by a conventional method. The tablet weight was 340 mg.
- the food of the present invention can effectively improve mental vitality and improve biological rhythm, and its active ingredient is an amino acid, which is excellent in terms of safety. Therefore, the food of the present invention can be used not only in the food field but also in the pharmaceutical field. .
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Abstract
Description
[1]1食当たりの単位包装形態からなり、該単位中に、1食摂取量としてヒスチジンを0.3g以上含有する食品。
[2]ヒスチジン以外のアミノ酸または加水分解によりヒスチジン以外のアミノ酸になり得る物質の含有量が、ヒスチジン以外のアミノ酸換算で1食摂取量として8g以下である、上記[1]に記載の食品。
[3]さらに、賦形剤、矯味剤および香料から選ばれる少なくとも1種の添加物を含む、上記[1]または[2]に記載の食品。
[4]前記矯味剤がクエン酸である、上記[3]に記載の食品。
[5]食品の形態が固形または半固形である、上記[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の食品。
[6]食品の形態が液状である、上記[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の食品。
[7]食品の形態が粉末状、錠剤、顆粒状またはカプセル状である、上記[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の食品。
[8]食品の形態がスラリー状、溶液状、ゼリー状、または乳液状である、上記[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の食品。
[9]飲料である、上記[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の食品。
[10]菓子である、上記[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の食品。
[11]ゼリー、プリンまたはヨーグルトである、上記[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の食品。
[12]食品が保健機能食品である、上記[1]~[11]のいずれかに記載の食品。
[13]精神的活力向上用である、上記[1]~[12]のいずれかに記載の食品。
[13-2]上記[1]~[12]のいずれかに記載の食品を、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む、精神的活力向上方法。
[13-3]精神的活力向上における使用のための、上記[1]~[12]のいずれかに記載の食品。
[14]生体リズム改善用である、上記[1]~[12]のいずれかに記載の食品。
[14-2]上記[1]~[12]のいずれかに記載の食品を、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む、生体リズム改善方法。
[14-3]生体リズム改善における使用のための、上記[1]~[12]のいずれかに記載の食品。
[15]ヒスチジンを1w/v%以上含有する飲料である、上記[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の食品。
[15-2]ヒスチジンを1w/v%以上含有する飲料。
[16]ヒスチジンを0.7g以上含有する錠剤またはカプセル剤である、上記[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の食品。
[16-2]ヒスチジンを0.7g以上含有する錠剤またはカプセル剤。
[17]1食当たりの単位包装形態からなり、該単位中に、1食摂取量としてヒスチジンを0.3g以上含有する精神的活力向上剤。
[18]1食当たりの単位包装形態からなり、該単位中に、1食摂取量としてヒスチジンを0.3g以上含有する生体リズム改善剤。
[19]ヒスチジン以外のアミノ酸または加水分解によりヒスチジン以外のアミノ酸になり得る物質の含有量が、ヒスチジン以外のアミノ酸換算で1食摂取量として8g以下である、上記[17]または[18]に記載の剤。
[20]さらに、賦形剤、矯味剤および香料から選ばれる少なくとも1種の添加物を含む、上記[17]~[19]のいずれかに記載の剤。
[21]前記矯味剤がクエン酸である、上記[20]に記載の剤。
[22]形態が固形または半固形である、上記[17]~[21]のいずれかに記載の剤。
[23]形態が液状である、上記[17]~[21]のいずれかに記載の剤。
[24]形態が粉末状、錠剤、顆粒状またはカプセル状である、上記[17]~[21]のいずれかに記載の剤。
[25]形態がスラリー状、溶液状、ゼリー状、または乳液状である、上記[17]~[21]のいずれかに記載の剤。
[26]ヒスチジンが1食摂取量として0.3g以上含まれている、容器詰飲料。
[27]精神的活力向上用である、上記[26]に記載の容器詰飲料。
[27-2]上記[26]に記載の容器詰飲料を、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む、精神的活力向上方法。
[27-3]精神的活力向上における使用のための、上記[26]に記載の容器詰飲料。
[28]生体リズム改善用である、上記[26]に記載の容器詰飲料。
[28-2]上記[26]に記載の容器詰飲料を、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む、生体リズム改善方法。
[28-3]生体リズム改善における使用のための、上記[26]に記載の容器詰飲料。
本発明の本質は、ヒスチジンの新規用途と、その用途に適した食品等である。ヒスチジンとは、HOOCCH(NH2)CH2-5-imidazolの構造式からなる必須アミノ酸である。「加水分解によりヒスチジンになり得る物質」とは、加水分解反応(特に生体内加水分解反応)によりヒスチジンが得られる物質であり、典型例として、ヒスチジンを構成単位にもつ蛋白質やペプチドが挙げられる。加水分解反応によりヒスチジンが得られる物質は、摂取後の体内での加水分解によりヒスチジンが生成して、はじめからヒスチジンを摂取したのと同様の効果を奏することが期待される。
無機酸との塩としては、例えば、ハロゲン化水素酸(塩酸、臭化水素酸、ヨウ化水素酸等)、硫酸、硝酸、リン酸等との塩が挙げられる。
有機酸との塩としては、例えば、ギ酸、酢酸、プロピオン酸、シュウ酸、コハク酸、マレイン酸、フマル酸、クエン酸等との塩が挙げられる。
無機塩基との塩としては、例えば、ナトリウム、カリウム、リチウム等のアルカリ金属との塩、カルシウム、マグネシウム等のアルカリ土類金属との塩、アンモニウムとの塩等が挙げられる。
有機塩基との塩としては、例えば、エチレンジアミン、プロピレンジアミン、エタノールアミン、モノアルキルエタノールアミン、ジアルキルエタノールアミン、ジエタノールアミン、トリエタノールアミン等との塩が挙げられる。
飲料の場合、ヒスチジンを1w/v%以上の濃度で含有すれば、必要な量を必要な回数摂取することが可能である。好ましくは、3w/v%以上であり、さらに好ましくは、5w/v%以上である。
錠剤やカプセル剤の形態の場合、ヒスチジンを100mg以上(即ち、0.1g以上)含有すれば、必要な量を適切な剤数で摂取することが可能である。好ましくは250mg以上(即ち、0.25g以上)であり、さらに好ましくは300mg以上(即ち、0.3g以上)であり、より好ましくは700mg以上(即ち、0.7g以上)である。錠剤の場合、更にヒスチジンを65重量%以上含有すれば、摂取しやすい大きさの錠剤とすることができる。好ましくは、70重量%以上であり、更に好ましくは、80重量%以上である。
一態様において、本発明は、1食当たりの単位包装形態からなり、該単位中に、1食摂取量としてヒスチジンを0.3g以上含有する精神的活力向上用食品等を提供する。
精神的活力に影響を与える因子として、遺伝的要因・栄養・痛み・睡眠等が挙げられる(参考文献:Mental Energy:Developing a Model for Examining nutrition related claims Nutrition Reviews, Vol. 64, No. 7 July 2006: (II)S2-6)。精神的活力を高める方法としては、食品・食品成分および/またはサプリメントの摂取、運動、十分な睡眠、および短時間の昼寝などが挙げられる。また、精神的活力を低下させる要因としては、睡眠に関連する悩み(睡眠損失・睡眠障害・睡眠不足等)、疲労が考えられる(参考文献:Rhythms of mental performance (2008) Mind, Brain, and Education, 2 (1) , pp. 7-16.)。
本明細書中、「気分」は、一過性の疲労感および一過性の活力感を含む概念であり、POMSや、VASにおける抑うつ、ぼんやり、冴え、集中力、注意力のスコアに基づいて評価される。
本明細書中、「意欲」は、決意および熱意を含む概念であり、VASにおける意欲のスコアや、睡眠障害による自発行動量低下の程度に基づいて評価される。
本明細書中、「認知」は、持続的注意、覚醒、記憶、学習、情報処理速度を含む概念であり、認知機能テスト(コグヘルス)の遅延再生課題における反応速度、VASにおける注意力および冴え(覚醒)のスコア、睡眠障害による作業記憶能低下の程度に基づいて評価される。
一態様において、本発明は、1食当たりの単位包装形態からなり、該単位中に、ヒスチジンを1食摂取量として0.3g以上含有する生体リズム改善用食品等を提供する。
また「生体リズム改善」とは、生体リズムの異常が改善されることをいい、より詳細には、生体リズムの外界との非同調による諸症状、たとえば早期覚醒、頭痛、耳鳴り、心悸亢進、悪心、腹痛および下痢を含む時差ぼけ様症状、冴え、意欲、注意力および集中力の低下を含む疲労様症状、抑うつ、日中の眠気、だるさなどが改善することをいう。さらに生体リズム改善は、日内リズム正常化、概日リズム睡眠障害改善、睡眠相後退症候群改善、時差ぼけ改善、季節性うつ病の改善、および加齢に伴う概日リズム変調の改善も含み、若齢者の生体リズムの形成促進も含む。
本発明の食品等は、用途・効能や飲食方法などに関する説明事項を記載した記載物と共に包装した商業的パッケージとすることもできる。
9週齢のCD2F1マウスを用い、図1Aの実験プロトコールに示すように、まずヒスチジン摂取群(SD+His)には1.2g/kg体重/dayの投与量となるように1.2w/v% L-ヒスチジン溶液を7日間慢性飲水させた。対照群(CON)および溶媒摂取群(SD+溶媒)には水を摂取させた。次に、睡眠障害群(SD)には飼育ケージ中に0.5cmの深さの水をはり1日間の睡眠不足を負荷した。明期開始6時間後(ZT6)に負荷を解除してホームケージに戻し、6時間の休息を設けた。対照群は、無負荷にてホームケージで飼育した。その後、絶食・絶水下で、自発行動量測定用赤外線センサー(Digital acquisition system; NS-DAS-32, Neuroscience Inc, Tokyo, Japan)の下に設置されケージに移し、自発行動量を測定、マルチデジタルカウンタ(Neuroscience Inc, Tokyo, Japan)によりデータを収集した。
結果を図1BおよびCに示す。睡眠不足負荷により暗期自発行動量は低下したが、ヒスチジン溶液を7日間自由摂取させた群(SD+His)では、溶媒摂取群(SD+溶媒)と比較して、暗期自発行動量の低下が有意に抑制された。
以上の結果より、ヒスチジンを含む剤は、精神的活力、特に意欲を向上させることが明らかとなった。
9-10週齢のCD2F1マウスを用い、図2Aの実験プロトコールに示すように、睡眠障害群(SD)に1日間の睡眠不足負荷を行い、ZT6に負荷を解除してホームケージに戻し、6時間の休息を設けた。対照群(CON)は無負荷にてホームケージで飼育した。ヒスチジン投与群(SD+His)にはL-ヒスチジンの投与量が1.2g/kg体重となるように1.2w/v% L-ヒスチジン溶液を睡眠不足負荷後の暗期開始2時間後(ZT14)に経口投与した。溶媒投与群(SD+溶媒)及び対照群(CON)には溶媒(水)を経口投与した。暗期開始3時間後(ZT15)から新奇環境下での自発行動量を3時間測定した。
結果を図2Bに示す。睡眠不足負荷により自発行動量は低下したが、ヒスチジン溶液を経口投与した群(SD+His)では、溶媒投与群(SD+溶媒)と比較して、自発行動量の低下が抑制される傾向が認められた。
以上の結果より、ヒスチジンを含む剤は、精神的活力、特に意欲を向上させることが明らかとなった。
9週齢のCD2F1マウスを用い、図3Aの実験プロトコールに示すように、睡眠障害群(SD)に2日間の睡眠不足負荷を行い、ZT6に負荷を解除してホームケージに戻し、6時間の休息を設けた。対照群(CON)は無負荷にてホームケージで飼育した。ヒスチジン投与群(SD+1.2%His)にはL-ヒスチジンの投与量が1.2g/kg体重となるように1.2w/v% L-ヒスチジン溶液を睡眠不足負荷後の暗期開始2時間後(ZT14)に経口投与した。溶媒投与群(SD+溶媒)及び対照群(CON)には溶媒(水)を経口投与した。暗期開始3時間後(ZT15)にY-maze試験を実施し、短期作業記憶能を測定した。
結果を図3Bに示す。睡眠不足負荷により交替行動率は低下したが、ヒスチジン溶液を経口投与した群(SD+1.2%His)では、溶媒投与群(SD+溶媒)と比較して、交替行動率の低下が有意に抑制された。即ち、ヒスチジンの単回投与により睡眠不足負荷後の短期作業記憶能低下が抑制された。
以上の結果より、ヒスチジンを含む剤は、精神的活力、特に認知を向上させることが明らかとなった。
45歳以上65歳未満の男性であり、事前に行なった「自己診断疲労アンケート」((株)疲労研究所)にて総合的評価17点以上かつ、睡眠の質が低下し(PSQI≧6を目安)POMSの疲労因子T得点が60点以上である者20名を選抜し、ランダムに10名ずつを2群に割り付けした。各群でヒスチジンと対照食品(等容積のセルロース)を14日間ずつ摂取するクロスオーバー試験を行った。
図4Aの実験プロトコールに示すように、被験者は、1日分の摂取量として1.65 gのL-ヒスチジンを含むカプセル(0.33gのL-ヒスチジンのみを含むカプセル(ハードカプセル#2 WHITE OP B/C)を5粒)、または対照試料カプセル(等容積のセルロースを含むカプセルを5粒)を14日間摂取した。14日間摂取終了後は14日間の休止期間を設けた。休止期間後、休止期間前に摂取しなかった方のカプセルを摂取した。
被験者は、カプセル摂取期間の初日と終了翌日に、POMSと精神的活力に関するVASアンケート(疲労、抑うつ、ぼんやり感、眠気、冴え、意欲、注意力、集中力)に回答し、認知を測定する認知機能測定課題コグヘルスに回答した(暗算課題も同時に出題することにより難易度を高めた条件下)。さらに、コグヘルス終了後に、VASアンケートに回答した。コグヘルス終了後の評価を実施することで、作業負荷前とは異なった作業負荷後の状態を知ることができる。
結果を図4B~Eに示す。ヒスチジンを14日間摂取した被験者では、対照食品を摂取した被験者と比較して、POMSの疲労因子得点が有意に低下し(対応のあるt検定:p<0.05)(図4B)、精神的活力に関するVASアンケートにおいて、冴え、意欲、注意力の感覚が有意に上昇した(対応のあるt検定:p<0.05)(図4C)。また、知的作業効率においては、ヒスチジンを摂取した場合に、認知機能測定課題の反応時間が短縮し、遅延再生課題の反応時間は対照食品摂取時に比較して有意に低下した(対応のあるt検定:p<0.05)(図4D)。また、コグヘルス終了後のVASアンケートにおいて、抑うつの感覚が有意に低下し、意欲、注意力の感覚が有意に上昇した(対応のあるt検定:p<0.05)(図4E)。このことは、認知作業が負荷されても、意欲や注意力の上昇を維持することができ、負荷による抑うつ感を抑制できることを意味する。
以上の結果より、ヒスチジンを含む剤は、精神的活力、特に気分・意欲・認知を向上させることが明らかとなった。
45歳以上65歳未満の男性であり、事前に行なった「自己診断疲労アンケート」((株)疲労研究所)にて総合的評価17点以上かつ、睡眠の質が低下し(PSQI≧6を目安)POMSの疲労因子T得点が60点以上である者20名を選抜し、ランダムに10名ずつを2群に割り付けした。各群でヒスチジンと対照食品(等容積のセルロース)の単回摂取の効果を比較した。
図5Aの実験プロトコールに示すように、被験者は、実験前3日間の食事をそろえ、10~14時間絶食したのち、1回分の摂取量として1.65gのL-ヒスチジンを含むカプセル(0.33gのL-ヒスチジンのみを含むカプセル(ハードカプセル#2 WHITE OP B/C)を5粒)、または対照試料カプセル(等容積のセルロースを含むカプセルを5粒)を摂取した。
被験者は、カプセル摂取前とカプセル摂取1時間後に、精神的活力に関するVASアンケート(疲労、抑うつ、ぼんやり感、眠気、冴え、意欲、注意力、集中力)と、認知を測定する認知機能測定課題コグヘルスに回答した(暗算課題も同時に出題することにより難易度を高めた条件下)。さらに、コグヘルス終了後に、VASアンケートに回答した。コグヘルス終了後の評価を実施することで、作業負荷前とは異なった作業負荷後の状態を知ることができる。
結果を図5B、Cに示す。ヒスチジンを摂取した被験者では、対照食品を摂取した被験者と比較して、認知に関する項目については有意な変化はみられなかったが、5種類の脳機能測定項目における作業時間が、短縮することがわかった。また、精神的活力に関するVASアンケートにおいて、冴え、注意力の感覚が有意に上昇し(対応のあるt検定:p<0.05)、集中力の感覚が上昇する傾向があった(図5B)。また、コグヘルス終了後のVASアンケートにおいて、ぼんやりの感覚が有意に低下し(対応のあるt検定:p<0.05)、抑うつの感覚も低下する傾向があり、集中力の感覚が上昇する傾向があった(図5C)。このことは、ヒスチジンを摂取すれば、認知作業が負荷されても、負荷によるぼんやり感や抑うつ感を抑制することが可能で、集中力が維持できる可能性があることを意味する。
以上の結果より、ヒスチジンを含む剤は、精神的活力、特に気分を向上させることが明らかとなった。
24時間暗条件で飼育したマウスに対するヒスチジンの位相調節作用を評価した。
24時間暗条件でマウスを飼育すると、外部情報(光の明暗周期)が得られなくなるため、マウスは生物時計固有の周期で活動するようになる(同調から自由になったという意味でフリーラン(自由継続)とも称する)。この自由継続周期を24時間に換算して横軸に示し、概日時刻とした場合、その前半の12時間は主観的明期(生物時計で昼と判断している時間帯:CT0-12)、後半は主観的暗期(生物時計で夜と判断している時間帯:CT12-24)と称される。
このような条件下で、マウスの自発行動量(自由継続周期の行動パターン)を放出赤外線検出型の自発行動量センサー(Digital acquisition system; NS-AS01, Neuroscience Inc, Tokyo, Japan)を用いて測定した。さらにL-ヒスチジンを通常餌1gあたり45 mg添加した餌を用意し、一日のうちの4時間だけ通常の餌と置き換えて摂食させた。摂取させる時間帯は、CT2-6(主観的明期)またはCT14-18(主観的暗期)のいずれかとした。このような餌の置き換えを4日間行った後に行動パターンの位相変化を判定した。
判定基準日をヒスチジン高含有餌の最終摂取日の4日後に設定した場合のマウスの行動開始時刻の位相のずれを図6に示す。主観的明期でのヒスチジンの摂取は、概日リズムを有意に前進させることが明らかとなった。また主観的暗期でのヒスチジンの摂取でも概日リズムを前進させる傾向が認められた。
さらに実施例の一例を図7に示す。図7は横軸に時刻を、縦軸は観察日を表示しており、観察日毎の自発行動量の増加を棒グラフにて示している。ヒスチジンのCT2-6(図7にて黒四角で囲まれた時間帯)における摂取は、活動リズムの周期を短縮させ、同条件での平均値としては、0.34±0.08(n=4)時間短縮させた。ヒトにおいて通常、体内時計が作り出すリズムは24時間よりも少し長いとされ、生体リズム異常の多くは概日リズムの後退によるものであるので、ヒスチジンを適時に摂取することにより概日リズムを前進させたり、周期を短縮させたりすることにより、生体リズムを正常化すること(ヒトの場合には24時間周期に近づけること)ができる。
以上の結果より、ヒスチジンを含む剤は、日内リズム正常化剤、生体リズム改善剤、概日リズム睡眠障害改善剤、睡眠相後退症候群改善剤、時差ぼけの治療剤、時差ぼけ予防剤、シフトワークに伴う体調不良改善剤として有効であることが確認された。
通常の明暗を有する環境下で飼育している22-24ヶ月齢の高齢マウスを2群に分け、ヒスチジン飲水摂取の効果を検討した。ヒスチジン摂取期間は9日間と定め、その期間で50mLの遠沈管に給水口を装着してL-ヒスチジン水溶液(L-ヒスチジン1.2w/v%相当)を摂取させ、一日当たり約1.2g/kg体重のヒスチジンを摂取させた。高齢マウスのヒスチジン摂取群はヒスチジン水溶液摂取開始から8-9日目にかけて経時的に位置をずらしながら耳介をサンプリングし、生体リズムの指標として末梢組織の5種類の時計遺伝子(Bmal1, Dbp, Per1, Per2, Reverb-alpha)の解析を行った。同時期に水道水を摂取していた高齢マウスと、若齢マウス(4ヶ月齢)も比較対象として耳介の時計遺伝子の解析を行った。若齢、通常飼育マウスではこれらの時計遺伝子は外界環境と十分同調しており、明瞭な振幅と位相パターンが得られることが知られている。一方で人為的に光の周期を変えるとそれに相応して行動パターンに加え時計遺伝子の発現も変化することが報告されている(参考文献:The Journal of Clinical Investigation 2010 Jul;120(7):2600-9)。
具体的には、各時点にて時計遺伝子の遺伝子発現の定量を行い、個体ごとの時計遺伝子発現振動の振幅と位相をコサインカーブにて近似し求めた。各個体の5時計遺伝子の発現振動の平均の振幅、位相を、若齢マウスのそれと比較して数値化した。
結果を図8に示す。水道水摂取の場合、高齢マウスと若齢マウスとを比較すると、高齢マウスでは、時計遺伝子の発現振動の振幅が低下していた。さらに通常の高齢マウスでは、振幅が低下することに起因すると考えられる時計遺伝子の発現振動の位相のずれが起こり、位相が一時間ほど前進した。これに対して、ヒスチジン摂取により高齢マウスでも位相の前進が抑えられ、測定した5時計遺伝子の平均では、若齢マウスと同程度になった(図8)。また若齢マウスを用いた実験において、ヒスチジン含有量を通常餌の20%に低下させた餌を1-2週間摂取させると、活動期開始時の行動量が63%程度減少し、活動のピークが後退することが分かってきており、若齢においても生体リズムの外界との非同調に対してヒスチジンの摂取が有効であると推察できる。
以上の結果より、ヒスチジンを含む剤は、生体リズムの外界との非同調による諸症状、たとえば早期覚醒、頭痛、耳鳴り、心悸亢進、悪心、腹痛、下痢を含む時差ぼけ様症状、冴えや意欲、注意力、集中力の低下を含む疲労様症状、抑うつおよび眠気からなる群から選択される1以上の項目の改善である作用を有する剤として有効であることが示された。
下記配合を有するヒスチジン含有錠剤を常法により打錠製造した。錠剤重量は340mgであった。
Claims (28)
- 1食当たりの単位包装形態からなり、該単位中に、1食摂取量としてヒスチジンを0.3g以上含有する食品。
- ヒスチジン以外のアミノ酸または加水分解によりヒスチジン以外のアミノ酸になり得る物質の含有量が、ヒスチジン以外のアミノ酸換算で1食摂取量として8g以下である、請求項1に記載の食品。
- さらに、賦形剤、矯味剤および香料から選ばれる少なくとも1種の添加物を含む、請求項1または2に記載の食品。
- 前記矯味剤がクエン酸である、請求項3に記載の食品。
- 食品の形態が固形または半固形である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の食品。
- 食品の形態が液状である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の食品。
- 食品の形態が粉末状、錠剤、顆粒状またはカプセル状である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の食品。
- 食品の形態がスラリー状、溶液状、ゼリー状、または乳液状である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の食品。
- 飲料である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の食品。
- 菓子である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の食品。
- ゼリー、プリンまたはヨーグルトである、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の食品。
- 食品が保健機能食品である、請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の食品。
- 精神的活力向上用である、請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の食品。
- 生体リズム改善用である、請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の食品。
- ヒスチジンを1w/v%以上含有する飲料である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の食品。
- ヒスチジンを0.7g以上含有する錠剤またはカプセル剤である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の食品。
- 1食当たりの単位包装形態からなり、該単位中に、1食摂取量としてヒスチジンを0.3g以上含有する精神的活力向上剤。
- 1食当たりの単位包装形態からなり、該単位中に、1食摂取量としてヒスチジンを0.3g以上含有する生体リズム改善剤。
- ヒスチジン以外のアミノ酸または加水分解によりヒスチジン以外のアミノ酸になり得る物質の含有量が、ヒスチジン以外のアミノ酸換算で1食摂取量として8g以下である、請求項17または18に記載の剤。
- さらに、賦形剤、矯味剤および香料から選ばれる少なくとも1種の添加物を含む、請求項17~19のいずれか1項に記載の剤。
- 前記矯味剤がクエン酸である、請求項20に記載の剤。
- 形態が固形または半固形である、請求項17~21のいずれか1項に記載の剤。
- 形態が液状である、請求項17~21のいずれか1項に記載の剤。
- 形態が粉末状、錠剤、顆粒状またはカプセル状である、請求項17~21のいずれか1項に記載の剤。
- 形態がスラリー状、溶液状、ゼリー状、または乳液状である、請求項17~21のいずれか1項に記載の剤。
- ヒスチジンが1食摂取量として0.3g以上含まれている、容器詰飲料。
- 精神的活力向上用である、請求項26に記載の容器詰飲料。
- 生体リズム改善用である、請求項26に記載の容器詰飲料。
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2015541620A JP6847578B2 (ja) | 2013-10-09 | 2014-10-08 | ヒスチジンを含有する食品およびその用途 |
| EP14851608.1A EP3066937B1 (en) | 2013-10-09 | 2014-10-08 | Foodstuff containing histidine and application therefor |
| CN201480055598.2A CN105592725A (zh) | 2013-10-09 | 2014-10-08 | 含有组氨酸的食品及其应用 |
| US15/092,809 US10390553B2 (en) | 2013-10-09 | 2016-04-07 | Food containing histidine and use thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013-212213 | 2013-10-09 | ||
| JP2013212213 | 2013-10-09 |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US15/092,809 Continuation US10390553B2 (en) | 2013-10-09 | 2016-04-07 | Food containing histidine and use thereof |
Publications (1)
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| WO2015053337A1 true WO2015053337A1 (ja) | 2015-04-16 |
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| PCT/JP2014/076990 Ceased WO2015053337A1 (ja) | 2013-10-09 | 2014-10-08 | ヒスチジンを含有する食品およびその用途 |
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| US (1) | US10390553B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP3066937B1 (ja) |
| JP (2) | JP6847578B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN105592725A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2015053337A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2022132561A (ja) * | 2019-10-17 | 2022-09-08 | 株式会社エル・エスコーポレーション | 加齢に伴う持続的注意力低下の改善用の組成物 |
| WO2024096064A1 (ja) * | 2022-11-02 | 2024-05-10 | 味の素株式会社 | 虫よけ用経口組成物 |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015053337A1 (ja) * | 2013-10-09 | 2015-04-16 | 味の素株式会社 | ヒスチジンを含有する食品およびその用途 |
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| JP2022132561A (ja) * | 2019-10-17 | 2022-09-08 | 株式会社エル・エスコーポレーション | 加齢に伴う持続的注意力低下の改善用の組成物 |
| JP7281031B2 (ja) | 2019-10-17 | 2023-05-25 | 株式会社エル・エスコーポレーション | 加齢に伴う持続的注意力低下の改善用の組成物 |
| WO2024096064A1 (ja) * | 2022-11-02 | 2024-05-10 | 味の素株式会社 | 虫よけ用経口組成物 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN105592725A (zh) | 2016-05-18 |
| JP6847578B2 (ja) | 2021-03-24 |
| JP7047865B2 (ja) | 2022-04-05 |
| JPWO2015053337A1 (ja) | 2017-03-09 |
| EP3066937B1 (en) | 2021-01-06 |
| EP3066937A1 (en) | 2016-09-14 |
| JP2020156524A (ja) | 2020-10-01 |
| US10390553B2 (en) | 2019-08-27 |
| EP3066937A4 (en) | 2017-11-01 |
| US20160295904A1 (en) | 2016-10-13 |
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