WO2011118733A1 - 冷凍機用潤滑油組成物 - Google Patents
冷凍機用潤滑油組成物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011118733A1 WO2011118733A1 PCT/JP2011/057241 JP2011057241W WO2011118733A1 WO 2011118733 A1 WO2011118733 A1 WO 2011118733A1 JP 2011057241 W JP2011057241 W JP 2011057241W WO 2011118733 A1 WO2011118733 A1 WO 2011118733A1
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- Prior art keywords
- lubricating oil
- compound
- oil composition
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- 0 [O-][N+](O)O*1CC1 Chemical compound [O-][N+](O)O*1CC1 0.000 description 1
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- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/04—Molecular weight; Molecular weight distribution
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/09—Characteristics associated with water
- C10N2020/097—Refrigerants
- C10N2020/099—Containing Chlorofluorocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/09—Characteristics associated with water
- C10N2020/097—Refrigerants
- C10N2020/101—Containing Hydrofluorocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants
Definitions
- the present invention uses a lubricating oil composition for a refrigerator, more specifically, a specific refrigerant such as an unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound, which is a refrigerant that has a low global warming potential and can be used particularly in current car air conditioner systems.
- a specific refrigerant such as an unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound, which is a refrigerant that has a low global warming potential and can be used particularly in current car air conditioner systems.
- the present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition for a refrigerator used for a refrigerator.
- a compression refrigerator is composed of at least a compressor, a condenser, an expansion mechanism (such as an expansion valve), an evaporator, or a dryer, and a liquid mixture of refrigerant and lubricating oil (refrigerator oil) is hermetically sealed. It has a structure that circulates in the system.
- refrigerator oil refrigerator oil
- the temperature inside the compressor is low and the temperature inside the cooler is low. Therefore, the refrigerant and lubricating oil are phase separated within a wide temperature range from low temperature to high temperature. It is necessary to circulate in this system without doing so.
- the refrigerant and the lubricating oil have a region where they are phase-separated on the low temperature side and the high temperature side, and the maximum temperature of the separation region on the low temperature side is preferably ⁇ 10 ° C. or less, particularly preferably ⁇ 20 ° C. or less.
- the minimum temperature of the separation region on the high temperature side is preferably 30 ° C. or higher, and particularly preferably 40 ° C. or higher. If phase separation occurs during the operation of the refrigerator, the life and efficiency of the apparatus will be significantly adversely affected.
- phase separation of refrigerant and lubricating oil occurs in the compressor part, the moving part becomes poorly lubricated, causing seizure and the like, which significantly shortens the life of the device, while phase separation occurs in the evaporator.
- lubricating oil having a high viscosity since there is a lubricating oil having a high viscosity, the efficiency of heat exchange is reduced.
- chlorofluorocarbon CFC
- hydrochlorofluorocarbon HFC
- HFC hydrofluorocarbon
- examples of such hydrofluorocarbons include 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, difluoromethane, pentafluoroethane, 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (hereinafter referred to as R134a, R32, R125, and R143a, respectively).
- R134a has been used in a car air conditioner system.
- Patent Documents 3, 4 and 5 even when used together with the above refrigerant, a terpene compound or a base oil is used for the purpose of achieving a high level of thermal and chemical stability and refrigerant compatibility.
- a technique for containing an ester compound of a specific fatty acid and a polyhydric alcohol is disclosed. And it is requested
- JP 2006-503961 A Japanese National Patent Publication No. 7-507342 Special table 2008-524432 JP 2008-208261 A JP 2009-74018 A
- the present invention uses a refrigerant having a specific structure such as an unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound, which has a low global warming potential and can be used in current car air-conditioning systems, air-conditioning equipment, and the like.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a lubricating oil composition for a refrigerator that has excellent compatibility with the refrigerant and has excellent thermal and chemical stability.
- the present inventors have found that the object can be achieved by including an acid scavenger comprising a specific compound in the base oil.
- the present invention has been completed based on such findings. That is, the present invention
- a lubricating oil composition comprising: A lubricating oil composition for a refrigerator comprising a base oil and a sulfur-containing aromatic compound, C p O q F r R s (A) (In the formula, R represents any one of Cl, Br, I and H, p is an integer of 1 to 6, q is 0 to 2, r is 1 to 14, and s is an integer of 0 to 13, provided that When q is 0, p is 2 to 6 and has at least one carbon-carbon unsaturated bond in the molecule.)
- Lubricating oil composition for refrigerators (5)
- the sulfide compound having a cyclic sulfide structure is at least one selected from benzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, phenothiazine, thiapyran, benzothiapyran, dibenzothiapyran, thianthrene, diphenylene sulfide, and alkyl group substitution products thereof ( The lubricating oil composition for refrigerators as described in 3).
- the lubricating oil composition for a refrigerator according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein the amount of the sulfur-containing aromatic compound is 0.001% by mass or more and 0.5% by mass or less, (7)
- the compound represented by the molecular formula (A) is at least one fluorine-containing organic compound selected from an unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound, a fluorinated ether compound, a fluorinated alcohol compound, and a fluorinated ketone compound.
- the lubricating oil composition for a refrigerator according to any one of (1) to (6), (8)
- the unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound comprises 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene (HFO1225ye), 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO1234ze) and 2,3,3 , 3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO1234yf) is at least one selected from the lubricating oil composition for refrigerators according to (7), (9)
- the saturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound is at least one selected from difluoromethane, 1,1-difluoroethane, trifluoroethane, tetrafluoroethane, and pentafluoroethane (1) to (11)
- the base oil is at least one selected from polyoxyalkylene glycols, polyvinyl ethers, poly (oxy) alkylene glycols or copolymers of its monoethers and polyvinyl ethers, polyol esters, and polycarbonates.
- any one of (1) to (16), further comprising at least one additive selected from an extreme pressure agent, an oily agent, an antioxidant, an acid scavenger, a metal deactivator, and an antifoaming agent A lubricating oil composition for a refrigerator according to claim 1, (18) The lubricating oil composition for a refrigerator according to any one of (1) to (17), wherein the sliding portion of the refrigerator is made of an engineering plastic, or has an organic coating film or an inorganic coating film, (19) The organic coating film is formed using a polytetrafluoroethylene coating film, a polyimide coating film, a polyamideimide coating film, a resin base material composed of a polyhydroxy ether resin and a polysulfone-based resin, and a resin paint containing a crosslinking agent.
- the global warming potential is low, and in particular, it is used for a refrigerator using a refrigerant having a specific structure such as an unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound that is a refrigerant that can be used in the current car air conditioner system, It is possible to provide a lubricating oil composition for a refrigerator that has excellent compatibility with the refrigerant and also has excellent thermal and chemical stability.
- the lubricating oil composition for refrigerators of the present invention comprises at least one fluorine-containing organic compound selected from the compounds represented by the following molecular formula (A), or the fluorine-containing organic compound and a saturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound.
- R represents any one of Cl, Br, I and H
- p is an integer of 1 to 6
- q is 0 to 2
- r is 1 to 14
- s is an integer of 0 to 13, provided that When q is 0, p is 2 to 6 and has at least one carbon-carbon unsaturated bond in the molecule.
- a sulfur-containing aromatic compound is blended with the base oil.
- the sulfur-containing aromatic compound means an aromatic compound containing an —S— structure in the molecule.
- the aromatic means not only a compound containing a benzene ring but also a broad aromatic including a heteroaromatic ring compound.
- the sulfur atom may be contained in the heteroaromatic ring like benzothiophene, or may be contained outside the ring like diphenyl sulfide.
- the aromatic ring also includes a condensed ring such as benzothiophene.
- a sulfur-containing aromatic compound having two or more aromatic rings is preferable, and at least one of a sulfide compound having a diphenyl sulfide structure and a sulfide compound having a cyclic sulfide structure including a benzene ring is more preferable.
- the aromatic ring is counted as two.
- the sulfur-containing aromatic compound in the present invention functions as an oxygen scavenger. That is, it acts to remove oxygen present in a very small amount in the refrigerator system by oxidizing it with sulfur.
- the sulfur-containing aromatic compound in the present invention improves the thermal and chemical stability with respect to the fluorine organic compound. Therefore, it was found to be effective in improving the thermal stability, chemical stability, lubricity, etc. of the refrigerating machine oil composition.
- the sulfide compound having a diphenyl sulfide structure is preferably an aromatic sulfur compound having 12 or more carbon atoms, and more preferably an aromatic sulfur compound having 16 or more carbon atoms.
- Specific examples include 4,4′-thiobis (3-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), diphenyl sulfide, dioctyl diphenyl sulfide, dialkyl diphenylene sulfide, and the like.
- diphenyl sulfide and dioctyl diphenyl sulfide having high reactivity with oxygen are preferably used.
- the sulfide compound having a cyclic sulfide structure containing a benzene ring is preferably a heterocyclic sulfur compound having 8 or more carbon atoms, and more preferably a heterocyclic sulfur compound having 10 or more carbon atoms. Is more preferable, and in particular, a heterocyclic sulfur compound having 12 or more carbon atoms is more preferable.
- Specific examples include benzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, phenothiazine, benzothiapyran, thiapyran, thianthrene, dibenzothiapyran, diphenylene disulfide, and alkyl group substitution products thereof.
- the alkyl group is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. Of these, benzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, and phenothiazine, which are highly reactive with oxygen, are preferably used.
- the compounding amount of the sulfur-containing aromatic compound which is at least one of the above-mentioned sulfide compound having a diphenyl sulfide structure and the sulfide compound having a cyclic sulfide structure containing a benzene ring is 0.001% by mass or more based on the total amount of the composition. It is preferable that it is 5 mass% or less.
- the blending amount is within the range, the function as an oxygen scavenger is sufficiently exhibited while maintaining compatibility with the refrigerant.
- the blending amount is more preferably 0.01% by mass or more and 0.3% by mass or less, and further preferably 0.01% by mass or more and 0.1% by mass or less.
- the lubricating oil composition for a refrigerator of the present invention only needs to contain an organic compound having two or more non-conjugated double bonds in the molecule, and if necessary, contains another oxygen scavenger. May be.
- the base oil in the present invention is at least one selected from polyoxyalkylene glycols, polyvinyl ethers, poly (oxy) alkylene glycols or copolymers of the monoethers and polyvinyl ethers, polyol esters, and polycarbonates. It is preferable that a seed is included as a main component.
- polyoxyalkylene glycols examples include compounds represented by general formula (I).
- R 1 -[(OR 2 ) m -OR 3 ] n (I) (Wherein R 1 is a hydrogen atom, a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms having 2 to 6 bonding parts, or An oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R 2 is an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, R 3 is a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, or carbon (The oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group having a number of 1 to 10, n is an integer of 1 to 6, and m is a number with an average value of m ⁇ n of 6 to 80.)
- the monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in each of R 1 and R 3 may be linear, branched or cyclic.
- the hydrocarbon group is preferably an alkyl group, and specific examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, various butyl groups, various pentyl groups, various hexyl groups, various heptyl groups, various octyl groups, Various nonyl groups, various decyl groups, cyclopentyl groups, cyclohexyl groups and the like can be mentioned.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the hydrocarbon group portion of the acyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms in each of R 1 and R 3 may be linear, branched or cyclic.
- the hydrocarbon group portion of the acyl group is preferably an alkyl group, and specific examples thereof include the same various groups having 1 to 9 carbon atoms as specific examples of the alkyl group.
- compatibility with the refrigerant may be reduced, and phase separation may occur.
- a preferred acyl group has 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
- n is 2 or more, a plurality of R 3 in one molecule may be the same or different.
- R 1 is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms having 2 to 6 bonding sites
- the hydrocarbon group may be a chain or a cyclic one.
- the hydrocarbon group having two bonding sites is preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, for example, ethylene group, propylene group, butylene group, pentylene group, hexylene group, heptylene group, octylene group, nonylene group, decylene group, cyclopentylene group.
- a lenylene group and a cyclohexylene group is preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, for example, ethylene group, propylene group, butylene group, pentylene group, hexylene group, heptylene group, octylene group, nonylene group, decylene group, cyclopentylene group.
- hydrocarbon groups examples include residues obtained by removing hydroxyl groups from bisphenols such as biphenol, bisphenol F, and bisphenol A.
- the hydrocarbon group having 3 to 6 binding sites is preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, for example, trimethylolpropane, glycerin, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, 1,2,3-trihydroxycyclohexane, 1,3,3.
- residues obtained by removing a hydroxyl group from a polyhydric alcohol such as 5-trihydroxycyclohexane.
- examples of the oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in each of R 1 and R 3 include a chain aliphatic group having an ether bond and a cyclic aliphatic group.
- a furfuryl group is preferred.
- at least one of R 1 and R 3 is preferably an alkyl group, particularly an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably a methyl group from the viewpoint of viscosity characteristics. Further, for the same reason as described above, it is preferable that both R 1 and R 3 are alkyl groups, particularly methyl groups.
- R 2 in the general formula (I) is an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and examples of the oxyalkylene group of the repeating unit include an oxyethylene group, an oxypropylene group, and an oxybutylene group.
- the oxyalkylene groups in one molecule may be the same or two or more oxyalkylene groups may be contained, but those containing at least an oxypropylene unit in one molecule are preferred, and in particular, oxyalkylene units. Those containing 50 mol% or more of oxypropylene units are preferred.
- n is an integer of 1 to 6, and is determined according to the number of R 1 binding sites.
- n is 1, and when R 1 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 binding sites, n is 2, 3 respectively. , 4, 5 and 6.
- m is a number with an average value of m ⁇ n of 6 to 80, and if the average value exceeds 80, compatibility may decrease and oil return may be deteriorated. However, if it deviates from the above range, the object of the present invention cannot be sufficiently achieved.
- the polyoxyalkylene glycols represented by the general formula (I) include polyoxyalkylene glycols having a hydroxyl group at the terminal, and the content of the hydroxyl group is 50 mol% or less with respect to all terminal groups. If it is the ratio which becomes, even if it contains, it can be used conveniently. If the hydroxyl group content exceeds 50 mol%, the hygroscopicity increases and the viscosity index decreases, which is not preferable.
- the base oil preferably has a hydroxyl value of 5 mgKOH / g or less because the refrigerant has an olefin structure and is inferior in stability.
- polyoxyalkylene glycols include those represented by the general formula (Ia)
- polyoxypropylene glycol monobutyl ether represented by the formula (1), polyoxypropylene glycol diacetate, and the like are preferable from the viewpoint of economy and effects.
- polyoxyalkylene glycol represented by the above general formula (I) any of those described in detail in JP-A-2-305893 can be used. In this invention, these polyoxyalkylene glycols may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- an alkylene oxide having 2 to 4 carbon atoms such as ethylene oxide or propylene oxide was polymerized using water or alkali hydroxide as an initiator to obtain a polyoxyalkylene glycol having hydroxyl groups at both ends. Thereafter, both ends of this hydroxyl group can be obtained by etherification or esterification using alkyl halide or acyl halide.
- a monohydric alcohol having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkali metal salt thereof is used as an initiator, and an alkylene oxide having 2 to 4 carbon atoms is polymerized to have an ether bond at one end and a hydroxyl group at the other end.
- n 2 or more in the general formula (I)
- a divalent to hexavalent polyhydric alcohol may be used as an initiator instead of a monovalent alcohol.
- the amount of alkyl halide or acyl halide is such that the ratio of polyoxyalkylene glycol or the like to alkyl halide or acyl halide in the etherification or esterification reaction is
- the amount is less than the stoichiometric amount, the hydroxyl group remains and the hydroxyl value increases. Therefore, it is desirable to optimize the molar ratio of polyoxyalkylene glycol or the like to alkyl halide or acyl halide.
- coloring can be suppressed by performing superposition
- polyvinyl ethers that can be used as the base oil include those represented by the general formula (II)
- R 4 , R 5 and R 6 in the general formula (II) each represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and they may be the same or different.
- the hydrocarbon group is specifically a methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, various pentyl groups, various hexyl groups.
- R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are particularly preferably a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 3 or less carbon atoms.
- R 7 in the general formula (II) represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms specifically refers to Ethylene group, phenylethylene group, 1,2-propylene group, 2-phenyl-1,2-propylene group, 1,3-propylene group, various butylene groups, various pentylene groups, various hexylene groups, various heptylene groups, various octylenes Groups, divalent aliphatic groups such as various nonylene groups and various decylene groups; alicyclic groups having two bonding sites on cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, ethylcyclohexane, dimethylcyclohexane, propylcyclohexane, etc.
- Divalent aromatic hydrocarbons such as various phenylene groups, various methylphenylene groups, various ethylphenylene groups, various dimethylphenylene groups, various naphthylenes, etc.
- Elementary group Alkyl group of alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon such as toluene and ethylbenzene and alkyl aromatic group each having a monovalent bonding site on the aromatic part; Alkyl group part of polyalkyl aromatic hydrocarbon such as xylene and diethylbenzene And alkyl aromatic groups having a binding site.
- aliphatic groups having 2 to 4 carbon atoms are particularly preferred.
- a plurality of R 7 Os may be the same or different.
- p represents the number of repetitions, and the average value is a number in the range of 0 to 10, preferably 0 to 5.
- R 8 in the general formula (II) represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which is specifically a methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n Alkyl groups such as -butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, various pentyl groups, various hexyl groups, various heptyl groups, various octyl groups, various nonyl groups, various decyl groups; cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group , Various methyl cyclohexyl groups, various ethyl cyclohexyl groups, various propyl cyclohexyl groups, various dimethyl cyclohexyl groups and other cycloalkyl groups; phenyl groups, various methyl phenyl groups, various ethyl phenyl groups, various dimethyl phenyl groups
- p is 0, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is particularly preferable, and when p is 1 or more, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is particularly preferable.
- the polyvinyl ether compound in the present invention can be produced by polymerization of a corresponding vinyl ether monomer.
- the vinyl ether monomers that can be used here are represented by the general formula (III)
- the vinyl ether monomers include various monomers corresponding to the above-mentioned polyvinyl ether compounds.
- the polyvinyl ether compound having the structural unit represented by the general formula (II) used as the main component in the refrigerating machine oil composition of the present invention has a desired end by a method shown in the present disclosure example and a known method. Can be converted into a structure. Examples of the group to be converted include saturated hydrocarbon groups, ether groups, alcohol groups, ketone groups, amide groups, and nitrile groups.
- the polyvinyl ether compound used for the base oil in the refrigerating machine oil composition of the present invention those having the following terminal structure are suitable. That is, (1) One terminal is represented by the general formula (IV)
- R 9 , R 10 and R 11 each represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, which may be the same or different, and R 12 represents the number of carbon atoms.
- R 13 represents the number of hydrocarbon group
- q has an average value of 0 to 10 1 to 10 carbon atoms, of a plurality if R 12 O is more R 12 O may be the same or different.
- the remaining ends are represented by the general formula (V)
- R 14 , R 15 and R 16 each represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and they may be the same or different, and R 17 represents a carbon number.
- a divalent hydrocarbon group of 2 to 10 R 18 is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, r represents a number having an average value of 0 to 10, and when there are a plurality of R 17 O, a plurality of R 17 17 O may be the same or different.
- One terminal is represented by the general formula (IV) and the other terminal is the general formula (VI).
- R 19 , R 20 and R 21 each represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, which may be the same or different
- R 22 and R 24 Each represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, which may be the same or different
- R 23 and R 25 each represent a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- They may be the same or different
- s and t each represent an average value of 0 to 10, and they may be the same or different, and it is more R 22 O if there are R 22 O may be the same or different and a plurality of R 24 in the case where there are multiple R 24 O May be the same or different.
- each of R 26 , R 27 and R 28 represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and they may be the same or different from each other.
- the polyvinyl ether-based mixture may be a mixture of two or more selected from those having the terminal structures (1) to (4). Preferred examples of such a mixture include a mixture of the above (1) and (4), and a mixture of (2) and (3).
- the base oil preferably has a hydroxyl value of 17 mgKOH / g or less because the refrigerant has an olefin structure and is inferior in stability. 15 mgKOH / g or less is more preferable, and 10 mgKOH / g or less is particularly preferable.
- the polyvinyl ether compound it is preferable to select the raw materials, the initiator, and the reaction conditions so as to produce a polyvinyl ether compound having a preferable viscosity range.
- this polyvinyl ether type compound may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- Poly (oxy) alkylene glycol refers to both polyalkylene glycol and polyoxyalkylene glycol.
- the copolymer of poly (oxy) alkylene glycol or its monoether and polyvinyl ether that can be used as a base oil includes general formula (VIII) and general formula (IX).
- R 29 , R 30 and R 31 each represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and they may be the same or different, and R 33 represents 2 carbon atoms.
- R 34 is an aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aromatic group optionally having a substituent having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, 2 carbon atoms Or an acyl group having 20 to 20 carbon atoms or an oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group having 2 to 50 carbon atoms
- R 32 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms
- R 34 , R 33 , and R 32 are respectively They may be the same or different.
- the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms of R 29 to R 31 is specifically a methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, sec- Alkyl group such as butyl group, tert-butyl group, various pentyl groups, various hexyl groups, various heptyl groups, various octyl groups; cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, various methylcyclohexyl groups, various ethylcyclohexyl groups, various dimethylcyclohexyl groups, various An aryl group such as a dimethylphenyl group; an arylalkyl group such as a benzyl group, various phenylethyl groups, and various methylbenzyl groups.
- divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms represented by R 33 include divalent alkylene groups such as a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propylene group, a trimethylene group, and various butylene groups.
- v represents the number of repeating R 33 O, and the average value thereof is in the range of 1 to 50, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 1 to 10, particularly preferably 1 to 5. Is a number.
- plural R 33 O may be the same or different.
- K is 1 to 50, preferably 1 to 10, more preferably 1 to 2, particularly preferably 1, u is a number from 0 to 50, preferably 2 to 25, more preferably 5 to 15, If there are a plurality of k and u, each of them may be block or random.
- R 34 in the general formula (VIII) preferably represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, or an oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group having 2 to 50 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, and various pentyl groups.
- acyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms include acetyl group, propionyl group, butyryl group, isobutyryl group, valeryl group, isovaleryl group, piperoyl group, benzoyl group, and toluoyl group.
- oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group having 2 to 50 carbon atoms include methoxymethyl group, methoxyethyl group, methoxypropyl group, 1,1-bismethoxypropyl group, 1,2-bismethoxypropyl group, ethoxy
- Preferable examples include propyl group, (2-methoxyethoxy) propyl group, (1-methyl-2-methoxy) propyl group and the like.
- the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms represented by R 32 is specifically a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, or an isobutyl group.
- Alkyl groups such as various pentyl groups, various hexyl groups, various heptyl groups, various octyl groups, various nonyl groups, various decyl groups; cyclopentyl groups, cyclohexyl groups, various methylcyclohexyl groups, various ethylcyclohexyl groups, various propylcyclohexyl groups, Cycloalkyl groups such as various dimethylcyclohexyl groups; aryl groups such as phenyl groups, various methylphenyl groups, various ethylphenyl groups, various dimethylphenyl groups, various propylphenyl groups, various trimethylphenyl groups, various butylphenyl groups, and various naphthyl groups Benzyl group, various phenylethyl groups, various types An arylalkyl group such as tilbenzyl group, various phenylpropyl groups, and various phenylbutyl groups is
- the polyvinyl ether copolymer I having the structural unit represented by the general formula (VIII) into a copolymer, it is possible to improve lubricity, insulation, hygroscopicity, etc. while satisfying compatibility. There is an effect that can be done.
- the performance of the oil can be adjusted to the target level. Therefore, there is an effect that an oil agent can be freely obtained in accordance with requirements such as lubricity and compatibility that differ depending on the type of compressor in the refrigeration system or the air conditioning system, the material of the lubrication part, the refrigeration capacity, the type of refrigerant, and the like.
- R 29 to R 32 , R 33 and v are the same as described above.
- R 33 and R 32 may be the same or different when there are a plurality of them.
- x and y each represent a number from 1 to 50, and when there are a plurality of x and y, each may be a block or random.
- X and Y each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group or 1 to 20 hydrocarbon groups.
- the method for producing the polyvinyl ether copolymer I represented by the general formula (VIII) is not particularly limited as long as it is a method by which it can be obtained.
- the production methods 1 to 3 shown below are used. Can be manufactured.
- (Production Method 1 of Polyvinyl Ether Copolymer I) In this production method 1, the general formula (X) R 34 — (OR 33 ) v —OH (X) (Wherein R 33 , R 34 and v are the same as above).
- a polyvinyl ether copolymer I By polymerizing a vinyl ether compound represented by the following formula, a polyvinyl ether copolymer I can be obtained.
- the poly (oxy) alkylene glycol compound represented by the general formula (X) include ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, and tripropylene glycol.
- (oxy) alkylene glycol monoethers such as monomethyl ether.
- Examples of the vinyl ether compound represented by the general formula (XI) include vinyl methyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether, vinyl n-propyl ether, vinyl isopropyl ether, vinyl n butyl ether, vinyl isobutyl ether, Vinyl ethers such as vinyl-sec-butyl ether, vinyl-tert-butyl ether, vinyl-n-pentyl ether, vinyl-n-hexyl ether; 1-methoxypropene, 1-ethoxypropene, 1-n-propoxypropene, 1-iso Propoxypropene, 1-n-butoxypropene, 1-isobutoxypropene, 1-sec-butoxypropene, 1-tert-butoxypropene, 2-methoxypropene, 2-ethoxypropene, 2-n-propoxypropene, 2- Propenes such as sopropoxypropene, 2-n-butoxypropene, 2-isobutoxypropene, 2-sec-butoxypropene
- the polyvinyl ether copolymer I can be obtained by polymerizing the vinyl ether compound represented by the general formula (XI) using the acetal compound represented by formula (II) as an initiator.
- the acetal compound represented by the general formula (XII) include acetaldehyde methyl (2-methoxyethyl) acetal, acetaldehyde ethyl (2-methoxyethyl) acetal, acetaldehyde methyl (2-methoxy 1-methylethyl) acetal, and acetaldehyde.
- the acetal compound represented by the general formula (XII) includes, for example, one molecule of a poly (oxy) alkylene glycol compound represented by the general formula (X) and a vinyl ether type represented by the general formula (XI). It can also be produced by reacting one molecule of the compound. The obtained acetal compound can be isolated or used as it is as an initiator.
- the vinyl ether copolymer I can be obtained by polymerizing the vinyl ether compound represented by the general formula (XI) using the acetal compound represented by formula (II) as an initiator.
- Examples of the acetal compound represented by the general formula (XIII) include acetaldehyde di (2-methoxyethyl) acetal, acetaldehyde di (2-methoxy-1-methylethyl) acetal, acetaldehyde di [2- (2-methoxyethoxy ) Ethyl] acetal, acetaldehyde di [2- (2-methoxyethoxy) -1-methylethyl] acetal, and the like.
- the acetal compound represented by the general formula (XIII) includes, for example, one molecule of a poly (oxy) alkylene glycol compound represented by the general formula (X) and the general formula (XIV).
- R 29 to R 31 , R 33 , R 34 and v are the same as described above.
- It can also be produced by reacting with one molecule of a vinyl ether compound represented by the formula:
- the obtained acetal compound can be isolated or used as it is as an initiator.
- One end of the vinyl ether copolymer I represented by the general formula (VIII) is represented by the general formula (XV) or (XVI).
- R 29 to R 34 and v are the same as above). It can be set as the polyvinyl ether type copolymer I which has a structure represented by these.
- polyvinyl ether copolymers I the following are particularly suitable as base oils for the refrigerating machine oil composition of the present invention.
- One terminal is represented by the general formula (XV) or (XVI), and the remaining terminal is a structure represented by the general formula (XVII) or (XVIII).
- R 29 , R 30 and R 31 are both hydrogen atoms, v is a number from 1 to 4, R 33 is a divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, R 34 is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and R 32 is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- R 29 , R 30 and R 31 are used.
- R 33 is a divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms
- R 34 is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms
- R 32 is a group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- (3) One terminal is represented by the general formula (XVI) and the other terminal is represented by the general formula (XVII), and R 29 , R 30 and R 31 in the general formula (VIII)
- R 33 is a divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms
- R 34 is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms
- R 32 is a group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the method for producing the polyvinyl ether copolymer II represented by the general formula (IX) is not particularly limited as long as it is a method by which it can be obtained, but it can be efficiently produced by the method described below. can do.
- the polyvinyl ether copolymer II represented by the general formula (IX) is represented by the general formula (XIX) HO- (R 33 O) v -H (XIX) (Wherein R 33 and v are the same as described above.) It can obtain by polymerizing the vinyl ether compound represented by the said general formula (XI), using poly (oxy) alkylene glycol represented by these as an initiator.
- poly (oxy) alkylene glycol represented by the general formula (XIX) examples include ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, and polypropylene glycol.
- the base oil When used in combination with the above-mentioned unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon refrigerant, the base oil preferably has a hydroxyl value of 15 mgKOH / g or less because the refrigerant has an olefin structure and is inferior in stability. .
- this poly (oxy) alkylene glycol or a copolymer of its monoether and polyvinyl ether may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- polyol esters As the polyol ester that can be used as the base oil in the refrigerating machine oil composition of the present invention, an ester of a diol or a polyol having about 3 to 20 hydroxyl groups and a fatty acid having about 1 to 24 carbon atoms is preferably used. .
- diol examples include ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,5- Pentanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2-ethyl-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 2-methyl-2-propyl-1,3-propanediol 2,2-diethyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,11-undecanediol, 1,12-dodecanediol, etc. Can be mentioned.
- polyol examples include trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane, di- (trimethylolpropane), tri- (trimethylolpropane), pentaerythritol, di- (pentaerythritol), and tri- (pentaerythritol).
- Glycerin polyglycerin (glycerin 2-20 mer), 1,3,5-pentanetriol, sorbitol, sorbitan, sorbitol glycerin condensate, adonitol, arabitol, xylitol, mannitol and other polyhydric alcohols; xylose, arabinose , Ribose, rhamnose, glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose, sorbose, cellobiose, maltose, isomaltose, trehalose, sucrose, raffinose Gentianose, saccharides such as Merenjitosu; and their partially etherified products and methyl glucosides (glycosides) and the like.
- neopentyl glycol trimethylol ethane, trimethylol propane, trimethylol butane, di- (trimethylol propane), tri- (trimethylol propane), pentaerythritol, di- (pentaerythritol), tri Hindered alcohols such as-(pentaerythritol) are preferred.
- the number of carbon atoms is not particularly limited, but those having 1 to 24 carbon atoms are usually used.
- those having 3 or more carbon atoms are preferable, those having 4 or more carbon atoms are more preferable, those having 5 or more carbon atoms are more preferable, and those having 10 or more carbon atoms are more preferable.
- the above is most preferable.
- a C18 or less thing is preferable, a C12 or less thing is more preferable, and a C9 or less thing is still more preferable.
- any of a linear fatty acid and a branched fatty acid may be sufficient, a linear fatty acid is preferable from the point of lubricity, and a branched fatty acid is preferable from the point of hydrolysis stability. Furthermore, either saturated fatty acid or unsaturated fatty acid may be used.
- the fatty acid include, for example, pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, tridecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, heptadecanoic acid, and octadecanoic acid.
- Examples thereof include linear or branched acids such as acid, nonadecanoic acid, icosanoic acid, and oleic acid; or so-called neoacids in which the ⁇ carbon atom is quaternary.
- valeric acid n-pentanoic acid
- caproic acid n-hexanoic acid
- enanthic acid n-heptanoic acid
- caprylic acid n-octanoic acid
- pelargonic acid n-nonanoic acid
- Capric acid n-decanoic acid
- oleic acid cis-9-octadecenoic acid
- isopentanoic acid 3-methylbutanoic acid
- 2-methylhexanoic acid 2-ethylpentanoic acid
- 2-ethylhexanoic acid 2,3,5-trimethylhexanoic acid and the like are preferable.
- the polyol ester may be a partial ester remaining without all the hydroxyl groups of the polyol being esterified, or may be a complete ester in which all the hydroxyl groups are esterified, or a partial ester and a complete ester. A complete ester is preferable.
- neopentyl glycol trimethylol ethane, trimethylol propane, trimethylol butane, di- (trimethylol propane), tri- (trimethylol propane), pentaerythritol
- esters of hindered alcohols such as di- (pentaerythritol) and tri- (pentaerythritol)
- esters of neopentyl glycol, trimethylol ethane, trimethylol propane, trimethylol butane and pentaerythritol The ester of pentaerythritol is most preferred because it is particularly excellent in compatibility with the refrigerant and hydrolytic stability.
- preferred polyol esters include neopentyl glycol, valeric acid, caproic acid, enanthic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, oleic acid, isopentanoic acid, 2-methylhexanoic acid, 2-ethylpentanoic acid, Diester of one or more fatty acids selected from 2-ethylhexanoic acid and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid; trimethylolethane and valeric acid, caproic acid, enanthic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid
- the ester with two or more fatty acids may be a mixture of two or more esters of a single type of fatty acid and polyol.
- the base oil has an acid value of 0.02 mgKOH / g or less and a hydroxyl value. Is preferably 5 mgKOH / g or less.
- the acid value is more preferably 0.01 mgKOH / g or less, and the hydroxyl value is more preferably 3 mgKOH / g or less.
- the base oil has an ASTM color of 1 or less, an interfacial tension of 20 mN / m or more, an extraction water pH of 5.5 or more, an ash content of 0.1% by mass or less, and a volume resistance of 10 9 ⁇ cm or more. It is preferable. Base oils having such properties are suitable because of their good stability and excellent electrical insulation. In producing the polyol ester-based compound, coloring can be suppressed by performing an esterification reaction in an inert gas atmosphere.
- the amount of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acid is less than the stoichiometric amount in the ratio of the polyhydric alcohol to be reacted and the aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, the hydroxyl group remains and the hydroxyl value increases.
- the amount is larger than the stoichiometric amount, the carboxylic acid remains, the acid value increases, and the pH of the extracted water decreases. Therefore, it is desirable to optimize the molar ratio of the polyhydric alcohol to the aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, and it is desirable to carry out a treatment to reduce the amount of the remaining esterification catalyst (ash content) as much as possible.
- polycarbonates In the refrigerating machine oil composition of the present invention, the polycarbonates that can be used as the base oil include polycarbonates having two or more carbonate bonds in one molecule, that is, the general formula (XX)
- Z is a residue obtained by removing a hydroxyl group from an e-valent alcohol having 1 to 12 carbon atoms
- R 35 is a linear or branched alkylene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms
- R 36 is 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- Monovalent hydrocarbon group or R 38 (O—R 37 ) f — (wherein R 38 is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and R 37 is a straight chain having 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
- a chain or branched alkylene group, f represents an integer of 1 to 20, and a group containing an ether bond, c is an integer of 1 to 30, d is an integer of 1 to 50, and e is an integer of 1 to 6. Is shown.)
- R 39 is a linear or branched alkylene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, g is an integer of 1 to 20, and Z, R 35 , R 36 , c, d and e are the same as above. is there.)
- Preferable examples include at least one selected from the compounds represented by:
- Z is a residue obtained by removing a hydroxyl group from a monovalent to hexavalent alcohol having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and particularly a monovalent having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- a residue obtained by removing a hydroxyl group from the alcohol is preferable.
- Examples of monohydric to hexahydric alcohols having 1 to 12 carbon atoms having Z as a residue include monohydric alcohols such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, n- or isopropyl alcohol, various butyl alcohols, various pentyl alcohols, various Aliphatic monohydric alcohols such as hexyl alcohol, various octyl alcohols, various decyl alcohols and various dodecyl alcohols; alicyclic monohydric alcohols such as cyclopentyl alcohol and cyclohexyl alcohol; aromatic alcohols such as phenol, cresol, xylenol, butylphenol and naphthol Araliphatic alcohols such as benzyl alcohol and phenethyl alcohol are used as divalent alcohols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, neope Aliphatic alcohols such as tylene glycol and tetramethylene glycol; alicyclic alcohol
- trivalent alcohols such as glycerin, Aliphatic alcohols such as trimethylolpropane, trimethylolethane, trimethylolbutane, 1,3,5-pentanetriol; alicyclic alcohols such as cyclohexanetriol and cyclohexanetrimethanol; aromatic alcohols such as pyrogallol and methylpyrogalol
- tetravalent to hexavalent alcohols for example, pentaerythritol, diglycerin, triglycerin, sorbitol, dipentaerythritol How such aliphatic alcohols may be mentioned.
- Examples of such a polycarbonate compound include those represented by the general formula (XX-a) as the compound represented by the general formula (XX).
- the residue obtained by removing the hydroxyl group from the monovalent alcohol having 1 to 12 carbon atoms represented by R 40 includes a methyl group, an ethyl group, n -Aliphatic hydrocarbon groups such as propyl group, isopropyl group, various butyl groups, various pentyl groups, various hexyl groups, various octyl groups, various decyl groups, various dodecyl groups; cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, methylcyclohexyl group, dimethylcyclohexyl Group, alicyclic hydrocarbon group such as decahydronaphthyl group; aromatic hydrocarbon group such as phenyl group, various tolyl groups, various xy
- R 35 is a linear or branched alkylene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms. Among them, those having 2 to 6 carbon atoms are preferable, and ethylene and propylene groups are particularly preferable from the viewpoint of performance and ease of production. Is preferred.
- R 36 is a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or R 38 (O—R 37 ) f — (wherein R 38 is a hydrogen atom or one having 1 to 12, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms).
- R 37 is a group having an ether bond represented by the following formula: R 37 is a linear or branched alkylene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and f is an integer of 1 to 20.
- Examples of ⁇ 12 monovalent hydrocarbon groups are the same as those exemplified in the description of R 40 .
- the linear or branched alkylene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms represented by R 37 is preferably one having 2 to 6 carbon atoms for the same reason as in the case of R 35 , particularly ethylene group and propylene. Groups are preferred.
- R 36 is particularly preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the linear or branched alkylene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms represented by R 39 includes those having 2 to 6 carbon atoms for the same reason as in the case of R 35.
- An ethylene group and a propylene group are particularly preferable.
- Such a polycarbonate compound can be produced by various methods. Usually, a carbonate ester-forming derivative such as a carbonic acid diester or phosgene is reacted with an alkylene glycol or a polyoxyalkylene glycol according to a known method. The polycarbonate compound can be produced. In this invention, these polycarbonates may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- the base oil in the refrigerating machine oil composition of the present invention, the above-mentioned polyoxyalkylene glycols, polyvinyl ethers, poly (oxy) alkylene glycols or their monoether and polyvinyl ether copolymers, polyol esters and polycarbonates are used. Those containing at least one oxygen-containing compound selected from among these as a main component are used.
- containing as a main component means containing the said oxygen-containing compound in the ratio of 50 mass% or more.
- the content of the oxygen-containing compound in the base oil is preferably 70% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more, and still more preferably 100% by mass.
- the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of the base oil is preferably 1 mm 2 / s to 50 mm 2 / s, more preferably 3 mm 2 / s to 40 mm 2 / s, and further preferably 4 mm 2 / s. s to 30 mm 2 / s. If the kinematic viscosity is 1 mm 2 / s or more, good lubricating performance (load resistance) is exhibited, and the sealing property is good, and if it is 50 mm 2 / s or less, the energy saving property is also good.
- the number average molecular weight of the base oil is preferably 300 or more and 3000 or less, more preferably 500 or more and 3000 or less, and further preferably 700 or more and 2500 or less.
- the flash point of the base oil is preferably 150 ° C. or higher. If the number average molecular weight of the base oil is 300 or more and 3000 or less, the desired performance as a refrigerating machine oil can be exhibited, and the flash point of the base oil. Can be within the above range.
- the viscosity index of the base oil in the present invention is preferably 60 or more, and more preferably 80 or more.
- the upper limit of the viscosity index is about 300 due to manufacturing restrictions.
- the viscosity index of the base oil is measured in accordance with JIS K 2283.
- the base oil if it has the above-mentioned properties, together with the oxygen-containing compound, it is 50% by mass or less, preferably 30% by mass or less, more preferably 10% by mass or less. Those containing a base oil can be used, but those containing no other base oil are more preferred.
- the base oil that can be used in combination with the oxygen compound include other polyesters, hydrides of ⁇ -olefin oligomers, mineral oil, alicyclic hydrocarbon compounds, alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, and the like.
- the refrigerant to which the lubricating oil composition for a refrigerator of the present invention is applied is at least one fluorine-containing organic compound selected from the compounds represented by the following molecular formula (A), or the fluorine-containing organic compound and saturated fluorine. A combination with a hydrocarbon compound is used.
- the refrigerant containing the fluorine-containing organic compound is an excellent refrigerant having a low global warming potential.
- C p O q F r R s (A) (Wherein R represents Cl, Br, I or H, p is 1 to 6, q is 0 to 2, r is 1 to 14, and s is an integer of 0 to 13, provided that q is 0. In this case, p is 2 to 6, and the molecule has one or more carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds.)
- the molecular formula (A) represents the type and number of elements in the molecule, and the formula (A) represents a fluorine-containing organic compound having 1 to 6 carbon atoms C.
- a fluorine-containing organic compound having 1 to 6 carbon atoms can have physical and chemical properties such as boiling point, freezing point, and latent heat of vaporization required as a refrigerant.
- the bond form of p carbon atoms represented by C p includes carbon-carbon single bond, unsaturated bond such as carbon-carbon double bond, carbon-oxygen double bond, etc. It is.
- the carbon-carbon unsaturated bond is preferably a carbon-carbon double bond from the viewpoint of stability, and the number thereof is 1 or more, but 1 is preferable.
- the bonding form of q oxygen atoms represented by O q is preferably oxygen derived from an ether group, a hydroxyl group or a carbonyl group.
- the number q of oxygen atoms may be 2 and includes the case of having two ether groups or hydroxyl groups.
- R represents Cl, Br, I, or H, and any of these may be used. However, since R is less likely to destroy the ozone layer, R may be H. preferable.
- preferable examples of the fluorine-containing organic compound represented by the molecular formula (A) include unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compounds, fluorinated ether compounds, fluorinated alcohol compounds, and fluorinated ketone compounds. Hereinafter, these compounds will be described.
- the unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound used as the refrigerant of the refrigerator is, for example, in the molecular formula (A), R is H, p is 2 to 6, q is 0, and r is 1 to 12 , S is an integer of 0 to 11, and an unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound.
- unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compounds include fluorinated products of linear or branched chain olefins having 2 to 6 carbon atoms and cyclic olefins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
- ethylene having 1 to 3 fluorine atoms introduced propene having 1 to 5 fluorine atoms introduced, butenes having 1 to 7 fluorine atoms introduced, 1 to 9 Pentenes introduced with fluorine atoms, hexenes introduced with 1 to 11 fluorine atoms, cyclobutene introduced with 1 to 5 fluorine atoms, cyclopentene introduced with 1 to 7 fluorine atoms, 1 And cyclohexene introduced with up to 9 fluorine atoms.
- unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compounds having 2 to 3 carbon atoms are preferred, and examples thereof include ethylene fluorides such as trifluoroethylene and various propene fluorides. More preferred is fluoride.
- propene fluoride examples include 3,3,3-trifluoropropene, 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.
- 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene HFO1225ye
- 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene HFO1234ze
- 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene HFO1234yf
- this unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a fluorinated ether compound is, for example, a fluorinated product of a chain aliphatic ether having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, having 1 to 2 ether bonds, and having an alkyl group in a linear or branched chain.
- fluorinated cyclic aliphatic ethers having 3 to 6 carbon atoms and having 1 to 2 ether bonds.
- fluorinated dimethyl ether introduced with 1 to 6 fluorine atoms
- fluorinated methyl ethyl ether introduced with 1 to 8 fluorine atoms
- fluorinated with 1 to 8 fluorine atoms introduced Dimethoxymethane
- fluorinated methyl propyl ethers with 1 to 10 fluorine atoms introduced 1 fluorinated methyl butyl ethers with 1 to 12 fluorine atoms introduced, 1 to 12 fluorine atoms with a fluorine atom introduced Ethyl propyl ethers
- oxetane fluoride with 1-6 fluorine atoms introduced
- 1,3-dioxolane fluoride with 1-6 fluorine atoms introduced
- fluorinated tetrahydrofuran introduced
- fluorinated ether compounds include hexafluorodimethyl ether, pentafluorodimethyl ether, bis (difluoromethyl) ether, fluoromethyl trifluoromethyl ether, trifluoromethyl methyl ether, perfluorodimethoxymethane, 1-trifluoromethoxy-1, 1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, difluoromethoxypentafluoroethane, 1-trifluoromethoxy-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1-difluoromethoxy-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane 1-difluoromethoxy-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1-trifluoromethoxy-2,2,2-trifluoroethane, 1-difluoromethoxy-2,2,2-trifluoroethane, perfluoro Kisetan, perfluoro-1,3-dioxolane, various isomers of pentafluoro
- examples of the fluorinated alcohol compound used as the refrigerant of the refrigerator include, in the molecular formula (A), R is H, p is 1 to 6, q is 1 to 2, r is 1 to 13, Examples thereof include fluorinated ether compounds in which s is an integer of 1 to 13.
- Preferable examples of such a fluorinated alcohol compound include a fluorinated product of a linear or branched aliphatic alcohol having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and having 1 to 2 hydroxyl groups.
- fluorinated methyl alcohol with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms introduced fluorinated ethyl alcohol with 1 to 5 fluorine atoms introduced, and fluorinated with 1 to 7 fluorine atoms introduced
- fluorinated butyl alcohols with 1 to 9 fluorine atoms introduced fluorinated pentyl alcohols with 1 to 11 fluorine atoms introduced, and fluorine with 1 to 4 fluorine atoms introduced
- fluorinated alcohol compounds include monofluoromethyl alcohol, difluoromethyl alcohol, trifluoromethyl alcohol, various isomers of difluoroethyl alcohol, various isomers of trifluoroethyl alcohol, various isomers of tetrafluoroethyl alcohol, Various isomers of pentafluoroethyl alcohol and difluoropropyl alcohol, various isomers of trifluoropropyl alcohol, various isomers of tetrafluoropropyl alcohol, various isomers of pentafluoropropyl alcohol, various isomers of hexafluoropropyl alcohol, hepta Fluoropropyl alcohol, various isomers of difluorobutyl alcohol, various isomers of trifluorobutyl alcohol, tetrafluorobutyl alcohol Fluorinated alcohols such as isomers, various isomers of pentafluorobutyl alcohol, various isomers of
- fluorinated ketone compounds examples of the fluorinated ketone compound used as the refrigerant of the refrigerator include, for example, in the molecular formula (A), R is H, p is 2 to 6, q is 1 to 2, r is 1 to 12, Examples thereof include fluorinated ketone compounds in which s is an integer of 0 to 11.
- fluorinated ketone compound include fluorinated products of aliphatic ketones having 3 to 6 carbon atoms and linear or branched alkyl groups.
- fluorinated acetone into which 1 to 6 fluorine atoms are introduced fluorinated methyl ethyl ketone into which 1 to 8 fluorine atoms are introduced, and fluorinated diethyl ketone into which 1 to 10 fluorine atoms are introduced
- fluorinated methyl propyl ketones having 1 to 10 fluorine atoms introduced therein fluorinated methyl propyl ketones having 1 to 10 fluorine atoms introduced therein.
- fluorinated ketone compounds examples include hexafluorodimethyl ketone, pentafluorodimethyl ketone, bis (difluoromethyl) ketone, fluoromethyl trifluoromethyl ketone, trifluoromethyl methyl ketone, perfluoromethyl ethyl ketone, and trifluoromethyl-1,1.
- 2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ketone difluoromethyl pentafluoroethyl ketone, trifluoromethyl-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ketone, difluoromethyl-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ketone, Examples thereof include difluoromethyl-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ketone, trifluoromethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ketone, and difluoromethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ketone.
- these fluorinated ketone compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- This saturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound is a refrigerant that can be mixed, if necessary, with at least one fluorine-containing organic compound selected from the compounds represented by the molecular formula (A).
- a fluoride of an alkane having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is preferable. 1,1,1-trifluoroethane, 1,1,2-trifluoroethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,1, 2,2-pentafluoroethane is preferred.
- the saturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound may be a compound obtained by halogenating the above alkane fluoride with a halogen atom other than fluorine, and examples thereof include trifluoroiodomethane (CF 3 I). .
- CF 3 I trifluoroiodomethane
- a combination of a saturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and the unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound having 2 to 3 carbon atoms is particularly preferably used.
- the saturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound having 1 to 3 carbon atoms include R32, R125, R134a, R143b, R152a, and R245fa. Among these, R32, R134a, and R152a are preferable.
- These saturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of the combination of the saturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and the unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound having 2 to 3 carbon atoms include CH 2 F 2 (HFC32) and HFO1225ye, HFO1234yf, or HFO1234ze. combination, CHF 2 CH 3 (HFC152a) and HFO1225ye, mention may be made of combination of HFO1234yf or HFO1234ze, and combination of CF 3 I and the HFO1234yf, and combination of CF 3 I and the HFO1234yf the like.
- the blending amount of the saturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound is usually 10% by mass or more, preferably 20% by mass or more, more preferably 30% by mass or more based on the total amount of the refrigerant.
- At least one fluorine-containing organic compound selected from the compounds represented by the molecular formula (A) may be added to the carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), low-boiling hydrocarbon (HC) or ammonia can also be mixed.
- the blending amount of carbon dioxide or the like is usually 10% by mass or more, preferably 20% by mass or more, more preferably 30% by mass or more based on the total amount of the refrigerant.
- the refrigerator oil composition of the present invention contains at least one additive selected from among extreme pressure agents, oiliness agents, antioxidants, acid scavengers, metal deactivators and antifoaming agents. Can do. (Extreme pressure agent)
- the extreme pressure agent include phosphorus extreme pressure agents such as phosphate esters, acid phosphate esters, phosphite esters, acid phosphite esters, and amine salts thereof.
- tricresyl phosphate trithiophenyl phosphate, tri (nonylphenyl) phosphite, dioleyl hydrogen phosphite, 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphite in terms of extreme pressure and friction characteristics Etc. are particularly preferred.
- extreme pressure agents include metal salts of carboxylic acids.
- the metal salt of a carboxylic acid here is preferably a carboxylic acid having 3 to 60 carbon atoms, more preferably a metal salt of a fatty acid having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 12 to 30 carbon atoms.
- dimer acid and trimer acid of the fatty acid and metal salt of dicarboxylic acid having 3 to 30 carbon atoms can be mentioned.
- metal salts of fatty acids having 12 to 30 carbon atoms and dicarboxylic acids having 3 to 30 carbon atoms are particularly preferred.
- the metal constituting the metal salt an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal is preferable, and alkali metal is particularly optimal.
- extreme pressure agents as extreme pressure agents other than those described above, for example, sulfurized fats and oils, sulfurized fatty acids, sulfurized esters, sulfurized olefins, dihydrocarbyl polysulfides, thiocarbamates, thioterpenes, dialkylthiodipropionates, etc.
- the sulfur type extreme pressure agent can be mentioned.
- the blending amount of the extreme pressure agent is preferably 0.001 to 5% by mass, more preferably 0.005 to 3% by mass, based on the total amount of the composition, from the viewpoint of lubricity and stability.
- One of these extreme pressure agents may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in combination.
- oily agents examples include aliphatic saturated and unsaturated monocarboxylic acids such as stearic acid and oleic acid, polymerized fatty acids such as dimer acid and hydrogenated dimer acid, hydroxy fatty acids such as ricinoleic acid and 12-hydroxystearic acid, lauryl Aliphatic saturated and unsaturated monoalcohols such as alcohol, oleyl alcohol, aliphatic saturated and unsaturated monoamines such as stearylamine and oleylamine, aliphatic saturated and unsaturated monocarboxylic amides such as lauric acid amide, oleic acid amide, glycerin And partial esters of polyhydric alcohols such as sorbitol and aliphatic saturated or unsaturated monocarboxylic acids. These may be used individually by 1 type and may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- the blending amount is preferably 0.01 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 5% by mass, based on
- Antioxidant include 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,2′-methylenebis (4-methyl-6-tert -Butylphenol) and the like, phenyl- ⁇ -naphthylamine, N.I.
- An amine-based antioxidant such as N′-di-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine is preferably blended. The antioxidant is preferably added in an amount of 0.01 to 5% by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 3% by mass in the composition from the viewpoints of effects and economy.
- the acid scavenger examples include epoxy compounds such as phenyl glycidyl ether, alkyl glycidyl ether, alkylene glycol glycidyl ether, cyclohexene oxide, ⁇ -olefin oxide, and epoxidized soybean oil. At least one selected from glycidyl ester, glycidyl ether and ⁇ -olefin oxide is preferably used.
- the glycidyl ester is a linear, branched or cyclic saturated or unsaturated aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid having usually 3 to 30, preferably 4 to 24, more preferably 6 to 16 carbon atoms.
- the aliphatic carboxylic acid or aromatic carboxylic acid may be a monocarboxylic acid or a polycarboxylic acid.
- it is preferable that all of the carboxyl groups are glycidyl esterified from the viewpoint of suppressing an increase in acid value for the stability of the lubricating oil composition.
- glycidyl esters of straight-chain, branched and cyclic saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acids having 6 to 16 carbon atoms are particularly preferred.
- examples of such glycidyl esters include 2-ethylhexanoic acid glycidyl ester, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid glycidyl ester, capric acid glycidyl ester, lauric acid glycidyl ester, versatic acid glycidyl ester, and myristic acid glycidyl ester.
- 2-ethylhexanoic acid glycidyl ester 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid glycidyl ester
- capric acid glycidyl ester capric acid glycidyl ester
- lauric acid glycidyl ester lauric acid glycidyl ester
- versatic acid glycidyl ester and
- glycidyl ether a linear, branched, cyclic saturated or unsaturated aliphatic mono- or polyhydric alcohol having 3 to 30, preferably 4 to 24, more preferably 6 to 16 carbon atoms, or Examples thereof include glycidyl ether derived from an aromatic compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups. In the case of an aliphatic polyhydric alcohol or an aromatic compound containing two or more hydroxyl groups, all of the hydroxyl groups must be glycidyl etherified from the viewpoint of suppressing an increase in the hydroxyl value for the stability of the lubricating oil composition. preferable.
- glycidyl ether derived from a linear, branched or cyclic saturated aliphatic monoalcohol having 6 to 16 carbon atoms is particularly preferable.
- examples of such glycidyl ether include 2-ethylethyl glycidyl ether, isononyl glycidyl ether, caprinoyl glycidyl ether, lauryl glycidyl ether, and myristyl glycidyl ether.
- the ⁇ -olefin oxide those having generally 4 to 50 carbon atoms, preferably 4 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 16 carbon atoms are used.
- the acid scavenger may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the blending amount is usually in the range of 0.005 to 10% by mass, particularly 0.05 to 6% by mass based on the total amount of the composition from the viewpoints of effects and sludge generation.
- Metal deactivator defoamer
- the metal deactivator include copper deactivators such as N- [N, N′-dialkyl (alkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms) aminomethyl] triazole.
- copper deactivators such as N- [N, N′-dialkyl (alkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms) aminomethyl] triazole.
- silicone oil examples thereof include silicone oil and fluorinated silicone oil.
- the lubricating oil composition for refrigerators of the present invention is at least one fluorine-containing organic compound selected from the compounds represented by the molecular formula (A), or a combination of the fluorine-containing organic compound and a saturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound. It is applied to a refrigerator using a refrigerant containing It is particularly suitable for a refrigerator using a refrigerant containing an unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound.
- the amount of the various refrigerants and the lubricating oil composition for the refrigerator used is a mass ratio of the refrigerant / the lubricating oil composition for the refrigerator. It is preferably in the range of 99/1 to 10/90, more preferably 95/5 to 30/70.
- the lubricating oil composition for a refrigerator according to the present invention can be used in various refrigerators, and is particularly preferably applicable to a compression refrigeration cycle of a compression refrigerator.
- the refrigerator to which the lubricating oil composition for a refrigerator of the present invention is applied is a compressor, a condenser, an expansion mechanism (an expansion valve or the like) and an evaporator, or a compressor, a condenser, an expansion mechanism, a dryer and an evaporator.
- the above-described lubricating oil composition for a refrigerator according to the present invention is used as the refrigerator oil, and the above-described various refrigerants are used as the refrigerant.
- the dryer is preferably filled with a desiccant made of zeolite having a pore diameter of 0.33 nm or less. Examples of the zeolite include natural zeolite and synthetic zeolite.
- the zeolite has a CO 2 gas absorption capacity of 1% or less at 25 ° C. and a CO 2 gas partial pressure of 33 kPa.
- Examples of such synthetic zeolite include trade names XH-9 and XH-600 manufactured by Union Showa Co., Ltd.
- the sliding portion is made of an engineering plastic, or has an organic coating film or an inorganic coating film, particularly from the viewpoint of sealing properties.
- the engineering plastic for example, polyamide resin, polyphenylene sulfide resin, polyacetal resin and the like can be preferably mentioned in terms of sealing properties, slidability, wear resistance, and the like.
- organic coating film for example, fluorine-containing resin coating film (polytetrafluoroethylene coating film, etc.), polyimide coating film, polyamideimide coating film, And a thermosetting insulating film formed using a resin base material composed of a polyhydroxy ether resin and a polysulfone-based resin and a resin paint containing a crosslinking agent.
- examples of the inorganic coating film include a graphite film, a diamond-like carbon film, a nickel film, a molybdenum film, a tin film, and a chromium film in terms of sealing properties, slidability, and wear resistance.
- This inorganic coating film may be formed by plating, or may be formed by a PVD method (physical vapor deposition method).
- a conventional alloy system such as an Fe-based alloy, an Al-based alloy, a Cu-based alloy, or the like can also be used.
- the lubricating oil composition for a refrigerator of the present invention can be used for various hot water supply systems such as a car air conditioner, an electric car air conditioner, a gas heat pump, an air conditioner, a refrigerator, a vending machine or a showcase, or a refrigeration / heating system.
- the water content in the system is preferably 300 ppm by mass or less, and more preferably 200 ppm by mass or less.
- the residual air partial pressure in the system is preferably 10 kPa or less, and more preferably 5 kPa or less.
- the lubricating oil composition for a refrigerator according to the present invention contains a specific oxygen-containing compound as a main component as a base oil, has a low viscosity and can improve energy saving, and has excellent sealing properties. ing.
- Base oil / A1 Polyethyl vinyl ether (100 ° C. kinematic viscosity: 15.97 mm 2 / s, flash point: 222 ° C., number average molecular weight: 1250, viscosity index: 85)
- A2 Polypropylene glycol dimethyl ether (100 ° C.
- A3 Polypropylene glycol (PPG) / polyethyl vinyl ether (PEV) copolymer (PPG / PEV molar ratio 7/11) (100 ° C.
- kinematic viscosity 9.56 mm 2 / s, flash point: 218 ° C., number average molecular weight : 1200, viscosity index: 140)
- A4 pentaerythritol octanoic acid (C8 acid) nonanoic acid (C9 acid) ester (C8 acid / C9 acid molar ratio: 1 / 1.1) (100 ° C.
- Oxygen scavenger sulfide compound having a specific structure
- B1 Diphenyl sulfide
- B2 Dioctyl diphenyl sulfide
- B3 Benzothiophene
- B4 Dibezothiophene
- B5 Phenothiazine
- Refrigerating machine oil compositions having the compositions shown in Table 2 were prepared, and the thermal stability characteristics of the compositions were evaluated using HFO1234ze (1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene) as a refrigerant. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Examples 14 to 18 and Comparative Examples 13 to 16> A refrigerating machine oil composition having the composition shown in Table 3 was prepared, and a mixed refrigerant of 50% by mass of HFO1234yf (2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene) and 50% by mass of CH 2 F 2 (HFC32) as a refrigerant. was used to evaluate the thermal stability characteristics of the composition. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Comparative Examples 9 to 12 using HFO1234ze as a refrigerant not only the acid value was high, but the oil appearance was yellow, brown or brown, and Comparative Example 1 produced a small amount of sludge. Further, in Examples 14 to 18 and Comparative Examples 13 to 16 using the mixed refrigerant of HFO1234yf and CH 2 F 2 , the same results as in the system using HFO1234ze were obtained.
- the lubricating oil composition for a refrigerator of the present invention has a low global warming potential, and particularly a refrigerator using a refrigerant having a specific structure such as an unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound that is a refrigerant that can be used in a current car air conditioner system or the like. In addition to having excellent compatibility with the refrigerant, it has excellent stability, and no sludge is observed in the thermal stability test.
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Abstract
Description
しかしながら、このHFCも地球温暖化の面で影響が懸念されることから、更に環境保護に適した代替冷媒として二酸化炭素などのいわゆる自然冷媒が注目されているが、この二酸化炭素は高圧を必要とするため、現行のカーエアコンシステムには使用することができない。
地球温暖化係数が低く、現行カーエアコンシステムに使用できる冷媒として、例えば特許文献1に開示される不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物、特許文献2に開示されるフッ化エーテル化合物、フッ化アルコール化合物及びフッ化ケトン化合物など、分子中に特定の極性構造を有する冷媒が見出されている。
そして、このような冷媒を用いる冷凍機用潤滑油に対しては、前記冷媒に対する優れた相溶性を有すると共に、安定性に優れることが要求される。
本発明は、このような状況下で、地球温暖化係数が低く、特に現行カーエアコンシステム、空調機器などに使用可能な冷媒である不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物等特定の構造を有する冷媒を用いた冷凍機用として使用され、前記冷媒に対する優れた相溶性を有すると共に、熱・化学的安定性にも優れる冷凍機用潤滑油組成物を提供することを目的とするものである。
すなわち、本発明は、
基油と、含硫黄芳香族化合物とを含む冷凍機用潤滑油組成物、
CpOqFrRs ・・・(A)
(式中、Rは、Cl、Br、I及びHのいずれかを示し、pは1~6、qは0~2、rは1~14、sは0~13の整数である。但し、qが0の場合は、pは2~6であり、分子中に炭素-炭素不飽和結合を1以上有する。)
(2) 前記含硫黄芳香族化合物が、芳香環を2つ以上有する含硫黄芳香族化合物である(1)に記載の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物、
(3) 前記含硫黄芳香族化合物が、ジフェニルスルフィド構造を有するスルフィド化合物及びベンゼン環を含む環状スルフィド構造を有するスルフィド化合物の少なくともいずれかである(1)に記載の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物、
(4) 前記ジフェニルスルフィド構造を有するスルフィド化合物が、ジフェニルスルフィド、ジオクチルジフェニルスルフィド及び4,4’-チオビス(3-メチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)から選ばれる少なくとも1種である(3)に記載の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物、
(5) 前記環状スルフィド構造を有するスルフィド化合物が、ベンゾチオフェン、ジベンゾチオフェン、フェノチアジン、チアピラン、ベンゾチアピラン、ジベンゾチアピラン、チアントレン、ジフェニレンスルフィド及びそのアルキル基置換体から選択される少なくとも1種である(3)に記載の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物。
(6) 前記含硫黄芳香族化合物の配合量が、0.001質量%以上0.5質量%以下である(1)~(5)のいずれかに記載の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物、
(7) 前記分子式(A)で表される化合物が、不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物、フッ化エーテル化合物、フッ化アルコール化合物及びフッ化ケトン化合物の中から選ばれる少なくとも1種の含フッ素有機化合物である(1)~(6)のいずれかに記載の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物、
(8) 前記不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物が、1,2,3,3,3-ペンタフルオロプロペン(HFO1225ye)、1,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペン(HFO1234ze)及び2,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペン(HFO1234yf)から選ばれる少なくとも1種である(7)に記載の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物、
(9) 前記フッ化エーテル化合物が、フッ化ジメチルエーテルである(7)に記載の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物、
(10) 前記フッ化アルコール化合物が、フッ化メチルアルコールである(7)に記載の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物。
(11) 前記フッ化ケトン化合物が、フッ化アセトンである(7)に記載の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物。
(12)前記飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物が、ジフルオロメタン、1,1-ジフルオロエタン、トリフルオロエタン、テトラフルオロエタン及びペンタフルオロエタンの中から選ばれる少なくとも1種である(1)~(11)のいずれかに記載の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物、
(13) 前記基油が、ポリオキシアルキレングリコール類、ポリビニルエーテル類、ポリ(オキシ)アルキレングリコールまたはそのモノエーテルとポリビニルエーテルとの共重合体、ポリオールエステル類及びポリカーボネート類の中から選ばれる少なくとも1種を主成分として含む(1)~(12)のいずれかに記載の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物、
(14) 前記基油の100℃における動粘度が、1mm2/s以上50mm2/s以下である(1)~(13)のいずれかに記載の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物、
(15) 前記基油の数平均分子量が、300以上3000以下である(1)~(14)のいずれかに記載の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物、
(16) 前記基油の粘度指数が、60以上である(1)~(15)のいずれかに記載の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物、
(18) 冷凍機の摺動部分がエンジニアリングプラスチックからなるもの、または有機コーティング膜もしくは無機コーティング膜を有するものである(1)~(17)のいずれかに記載の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物、
(19) 前記有機コーティング膜が、ポリテトラフルオロエチレンコーティング膜、ポリイミドコーティング膜、ポリアミドイミドコーティング膜、ポリヒドロキシエーテル樹脂とポリサルホン系樹脂とからなる樹脂基材及び架橋剤を含む樹脂塗料を用いて形成された熱硬化型絶縁膜のいずれかである(18)に記載の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物、
(20) 前記無機コーティング膜が、黒鉛膜、ダイヤモンドライクカーボン膜、スズ膜、クロム膜、ニッケル膜及びモリブデン膜のいずれかである(18)に記載の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物、
(21) カーエアコン、電動カーエアコン、ガスヒートポンプ、空調、冷蔵庫、自動販売機またはショーケースの給湯システム、及び冷凍・暖房システムのいずれかに用いられる(1)~(20)のいずれかに記載の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物、及び
(22) システム内の水分含有量が300質量ppm以下で、残存空気量分圧が10kPa以下である(21)に記載の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物、
を提供するものである。
CpOqFrRs ・・・(A)
(式中、Rは、Cl、Br、I及びHのいずれかを示し、pは1~6、qは0~2、rは1~14、sは0~13の整数である。但し、qが0の場合は、pは2~6であり、分子中に炭素-炭素不飽和結合を1以上有する。)
本発明の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物には、基油に対して、含硫黄芳香族化合物が配合される。ここで、含硫黄芳香族化合物とは、分子内に-S-構造が含まれる芳香族化合物を意味する。また、芳香族とは、ベンゼン環を含む化合物だけではなく、複素芳香環化合物も含む広義の芳香族を意味する。ここで、硫黄原子はベンゾチオフェンのように複素芳香環に含まれてもよく、ジフェニルスルフィドのように環外に含まれていてもよい。また、芳香環としてはベンゾチオフェンのように縮合環も含まれる。含硫黄芳香族化合物としては、芳香環を2つ以上有する含硫黄芳香族化合物が好ましく、ジフェニルスルフィド構造を有するスルフィド化合物及びベンゼン環を含む環状スルフィド構造を有するスルフィド化合物の少なくともいずれかがより好ましい。ここで、ベンゾチオフェンにおける縮合環のような場合は、芳香環を2つと数えるものとする。
これらの中では、酸素との反応性が高いジフェニルスルフィド、ジオクチルジフェニルスルフィドが好ましく用いられる。
これらの中では、酸素との反応性が高いベンゾチオフェン、ジベンゾチオフェン、フェノチアジンが好ましく用いられる。
上記配合量は0.01質量%以上0.3質量%以下であることがより好ましく、0.01質量%以上0.1質量%以下であることがさらに好ましい。
なお、本発明の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物には、上記分子内に非共役二重結合を2つ以上有する有機化合物が含まれていればよく、必要により他の酸素捕捉剤が含まれていてもよい。
本発明における基油としては、ポリオキシアルキレングリコール類、ポリビニルエーテル類、ポリ(オキシ)アルキレングリコールまたはそのモノエーテルとポリビニルエーテルとの共重合体、ポリオールエステル類及びポリカーボネート類の中から選ばれる少なくとも1種を主成分として含むものであることが好ましい。
前記基油として用いることのできるポリオキシアルキレングリコール類としては、例えば一般式(I)で表される化合物が挙げられる。
R1-[(OR2)m-OR3]n ・・・(I)
(式中、R1は水素原子、炭素数1~10の1価の炭化水素基、炭素数2~10のアシル基、結合部2~6個を有する炭素数1~10の炭化水素基又は炭素数1~10の酸素含有炭化水素基、R2は炭素数2~4のアルキレン基、R3は水素原子、炭素数1~10の炭化水素基又は炭素数2~10のアシル基又は炭素数1~10の酸素含有炭化水素基、nは1~6の整数、mはm×nの平均値が6~80となる数を示す。)
また、R1及びR3の各々における炭素数2~10のアシル基の炭化水素基部分は直鎖状、分岐鎖状、環状のいずれであってもよい。該アシル基の炭化水素基部分は、アルキル基が好ましく、その具体例としては、上記アルキル基の具体例として挙げた炭素数1~9の種々の基を同様に挙げることができる。該アシル基の炭素数が10を超えると冷媒との相溶性が低下し、相分離を生じる場合がある。好ましいアシル基の炭素数は2~6である。
R1及びR3が、いずれも炭化水素基又はアシル基である場合には、R1とR3とは同一であってもよいし、互いに異なっていてもよい。
R1が結合部位2~6個を有する炭素数1~10の炭化水素基である場合、この炭化水素基は鎖状のものであってもよいし、環状のものであってもよい。結合部位2個を有する炭化水素基としては、脂肪族炭化水素基が好ましく、例えばエチレン基、プロピレン基、ブチレン基、ペンチレン基、ヘキシレン基、ヘプチレン基、オクチレン基、ノニレン基、デシレン基、シクロペンチレン基、シクロヘキシレン基などが挙げられる。その他の炭化水素基としては、ビフェノール、ビスフェノールF、ビスフェノールAなどのビスフェノール類から水酸基を除いた残基を挙げることができる。また、結合部位3~6個を有する炭化水素基としては、脂肪族炭化水素基が好ましく、例えばトリメチロールプロパン、グリセリン、ペンタエリスリトール、ソルビトール、1,2,3-トリヒドロキシシクロヘキサン、1,3,5-トリヒドロキシシクロヘキサンなどの多価アルコールから水酸基を除いた残基を挙げることができる。
この脂肪族炭化水素基の炭素数が10を超えると冷媒との相溶性が低下し、相分離が生じる場合がある。好ましい炭素数は2~6である。
本発明においては、上記R1及びR3は少なくとも一つがアルキル基、特に炭素数1~3のアルキル基であることが好ましく、とりわけメチル基であることが粘度特性の点から好ましい。更には、上記と同様の理由からR1及びR3の両方がアルキル基、特にメチル基であることが好ましい。
前記一般式(I)中のnは1~6の整数で、R1の結合部位の数に応じて定められる。例えばR1がアルキル基やアシル基の場合、nは1であり、R1が結合部位2,3,4,5及び6個を有する脂肪族炭化水素基である場合、nはそれぞれ2,3,4,5及び6となる。また、mはm×nの平均値が6~80となる数であり、該平均値が80を超えると相溶性が低下し油戻り性が悪化する恐れがあるなど、m×nの平均値が前記範囲を逸脱すると本発明の目的は十分に達せられない。
また、ASTM色が1以下、灰分が0.1質量%以下であることが、基油の安定性の点から好ましい。
このようなポリオキシアルキレングリコール類としては、一般式(I-a)
で表されるポリオキシプロピレングリコールジメチルエーテル、一般式(I-b)
で表されるポリオキシエチレンポリオキシプロピレングリコールジメチルエーテル、及び一般式(I-c)
で表されるポリオキシプロピレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、さらにはポリオキシプロピレングリコールジアセテートなどが、経済性及び効果の点で好適である。
なお、上記一般式(I)で表されるポリオキシアルキレングリコール類については、特開平2-305893号公報に詳細に記載されたものをいずれも使用することができる。
本発明においては、このポリオキシアルキレングリコール類は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
また、炭素数1~10の一価のアルコール又はそのアルカリ金属塩を開始剤とし、炭素数2~4のアルキレンオキシドを重合させて、一方の末端にエーテル結合を有し、他方の末端が水酸基である、ポリオキシアルキレングリコールモノアルキルエーテルを得た後、この水酸基をエーテル化又はエステル化することによって製造することもできる。なお、一般式(I)でnが2以上の化合物を製造する場合は、一価のアルコールに代えて、2~6価の多価アルコールを開始剤とすればよい。
このような方法でポリオキシアルキレングリコール誘導体を製造するに際し、エーテル化又はエステル化反応におけるポリオキシアルキレングリコール等とハロゲン化アルキルやハロゲン化アシルとの割合において、ハロゲン化アルキルやハロゲン化アシルの量が、化学量論的量より少ない場合は、水酸基が残存し、水酸基価が高まる。したがって、ポリオキシアルキレングリコール等とハロゲン化アルキルやハロゲン化アシルとのモル比は、最適にすることが望ましい。また、不活性ガス雰囲気で重合、エーテル化、エステル化反応を行うことにより、着色を抑制することができる。
本発明の冷凍機油組成物において、基油として用いることのできるポリビニルエーテル類としては、一般式(II)
上記一般式(II)におけるR4,R5及びR6はそれぞれ水素原子又は炭素数1~8の炭化水素気を示し、それらはたがいに同一であっても異なっていてもよい。ここで炭化水素基とは、具体的にはメチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n-ブチル基、イソブチル基、sec-ブチル基、tert-ブチル基、各種ペンチル基、各種ヘキシル基、各種ヘプチル基、各種オクチル基などのアルキル基;シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、各種メチルシクロヘキシル基、各種エチルシクロヘキシル基、各種ジメチルシクロヘキシル基などのシクロアルキル基;フェニル基、各種メチルフェニル基、各種エチルフェニル基、各種ジメチルフェニル基などのアリール基;ベンジル基、各種フェニルエチル基、各種メチルベンジル基などのアリールアルキル基を示す。なお、これらのR4、R5、R6は水素原子あるいは炭素数3以下の炭化水素基が特に好ましい。
なお、一般式(II)におけるpは繰り返し数を示し、その平均値が0~10、好ましくは0~5の範囲の数である。
で表されるものである。このビニルエーテル系モノマーとしては、上記ポリビニルエーテル系化合物に対応する各種のものがあるが、例えばビニルメチルエーテル、ビニルエチルエーテル、ビニル-n-プロピルエーテル、ビニル-イソプロピルエーテル、ビニル-n-ブチルエーテル、ビニル-イソブチルエーテル、ビニル-sec-ブチルエーテル、ビニル-tert-ブチルエーテル、ビニル-n-ペンチルエーテル、ビニル-n-ヘキシルエーテル、ビニル-2-メトキシエチルエーテル、ビニル-2-エトキシエチルエーテル、ビニル-2-メトキシ-1-メチルエチルエーテル、ビニル-2-メトキシ-プロピルエーテル、ビニル-3,6-ジオキサヘプチルエーテル、ビニル-3,6,9-トリオキサデシルエーテル、ビニル-1,4-ジメチル-3,6-ジオキサヘプチルエーテル、ビニル-1,4,7-トリメチル-3,6,9-トリオキサデシルエーテル、ビニル-2,6-ジオキサ-4-ヘプチルエーテル、ビニル-2,6,9-トリオキサ-4-デシルエーテル、1-メトキシプロペン、1-エトキシプロペン、1-n-プロポキシプロペン、1-イソプロポキシプロペン、1-n-ブトキシプロペン、1-イソブトキシプロペン、1-sec-ブトキシプロペン、1-tert-ブトキシプロペン、2-メトキシプロペン、2-エトキシプロペン、2-n-プロポキシプロペン、2-イソプロポキシプロペン、2-n-ブトキシプロペン、2-イソブトキシプロペン、2-sec-ブトキシプロペン、2-tert-ブトキシプロペン、1-メトキシ-1-ブテン、1-エトキシ-1-ブテン、1-n-プロポキシ-1-ブテン、1-イソプロポキシ-1-ブテン、1-n-ブトキシ-1-ブテン、1-イソブトキシ-1-ブテン、1-sec-ブトキシ-1-ブテン、1-tert-ブトキシ-1-ブテン、2-メトキシ-1-ブテン、2-エトキシ-1-ブテン、2-n-プロポキシ-1-ブテン、2-イソプロポキシ-1-ブテン、2-n-ブトキシ-1-ブテン、2-イソブトキシ-1-ブテン、2-sec-ブトキシ-1-ブテン、2-tert-ブトキシ-1-ブテン、2-メトキシ-2-ブテン、2-エトキシ-2-ブテン、2-n-プロポキシ-2-ブテン、2-イソプロポキシ-2-ブテン、2-n-ブトキシ-2-ブテン、2-イソブトキシ-2-ブテン、2-sec-ブトキシ-2-ブテン、2-tert-ブトキシ-2-ブテン等が挙げられる。これらのビニルエーテル系モノマーは公知の方法により製造することができる。
本発明の冷凍機油組成物における基油に用いられるポリビニルエーテル系化合物としては、次の末端構造を有するものが好適である。すなわち、
(1)その一つの末端が、一般式(IV)
で表され、かつ残りの末端が一般式(V)
で表される構造を有するもの、
(2)その一つの末端が上記一般式(IV)で表され、かつ残りの末端が一般式
(VI)
で表される構造を有するもの、
(3)その一つの末端が前記一般式(IV)で表され、かつ残りの末端がオレフィン性不飽和結合を有するもの、
(4)その一つの末端が前記一般式(IV)で表され、かつ残りの末端が一般式 (VII)
で表される構造のもの、
である。
該ポリビニルエーテル系混合物は、前記(1)~(4)の末端構造を有するものの中から選ばれた二種以上の混合物であってもよい。このような混合物としては、例えば前記(1)のものと(4)のものとの混合物、及び前記(2)のものと(3)のものとの混合物を好ましく挙げることができる。
なお、前述した不飽和フッ化炭化水素冷媒と組み合わせて使用する場合、該冷媒はオレフィン構造を有するため、安定性に劣ることから、基油は、水酸基価が17mgKOH/g以下であることが好ましく、15mgKOH/g以下であることがより好ましく、10mgKOH/g以下であることが特に好ましい。
本発明においては、このポリビニルエーテル系化合物は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
なお、ポリ(オキシ)アルキレングリコールとは、ポリアルキレングリコール及びポリオキシアルキレングリコールの両方を指す。
本発明の冷凍機油組成物において、基油として用いることのできるポリ(オキシ)アルキレングリコール又はそのモノエーテルとポリビニルエーテルとの共重合体としては、一般式(VIII)及び一般式(IX)
上記一般式(VIII)におけるR29、R30及びR31はそれぞれ水素原子又は炭素数1~8の炭化水素基を示し、それらはたがいに同一でも異なっていてもよく、R33は炭素数2~4の二価の炭化水素基、R34は炭素数1~20の脂肪族もしくは脂環式炭化水素基、炭素数1~20の置換基を有してもよい芳香族基、炭素数2~20のアシル基又は炭素数2~50の酸素含有炭化水素基、R32は炭素数1~10の炭化水素基を示し、R34,R33,R32はそれらが複数ある場合にはそれぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。
ここでR29~R31のうちの炭素数1~8の炭化水素基とは、具体的にはメチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n-ブチル基、イソブチル基、sec-ブチル基、tert-ブチル基、各種ペンチル基、各種ヘキシル基、各種ヘプチル基、各種オクチル基などのアルキル基;シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、各種メチルシクロヘキシル基、各種エチルシクロヘキシル基、各種ジメチルシクロヘキシル基、各種ジメチルフェニル基などのアリール基;ベンジル基、各種フェニルエチル基、各種メチルベンジル基などのアリールアルキル基を示す。なお、これらのR29,R30及びR31の各々としては、特に水素原子が好ましい。
なお、一般式(VIII)におけるvは、R33Oの繰り返し数を示し、その平均値が1~50、好ましくは1~20、さらに好ましくは1~10、特に好ましくは1~5の範囲の数である。R33Oが複数ある場合には、複数のR33Oは同一でも異なっていてもよい。
また、kは1~50、好ましくは1~10、さらに好ましくは1~2、特に好ましくは1、uは0~50、好ましくは2~25、さらに好ましくは5~15、の数を示し、kおよびuはそれらが複数ある場合にはそれぞれブロックでもランダムでもよい。
この炭素数1~10のアルキル基とは、具体的にはメチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n-ブチル基、イソブチル基、sec-ブチル基、tert-ブチル基、各種ペンチル基、各種ヘキシル基、各種ヘプチル基、各種オクチル基、各種ノニル基、各種デシル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、各種メチルシクロヘキシル基、各種エチルシクロヘキシル基、各種プロピルシクロヘキシル基、各種ジメチルシクロヘキシル基などを示す。
また、炭素数2~10のアシル基としては、アセチル基、プロピオニル基、ブチリル基、イソブチリル基、バレリル基、イソバレリル基、ピパロイル基、ベンゾイル基、トルオイル基などを挙げることができる。
さらに、炭素数2~50の酸素含有炭化水素基の具体例としては、メトキシメチル基、メトキシエチル基、メトキシプロピル基、1,1-ビスメトキシプロピル基、1,2-ビスメトキシプロピル基、エトキシプロピル基、(2-メトキシエトキシ)プロピル基、(1-メチル-2-メトキシ)プロピル基などを好ましく挙げることができる。
なお、R29~R31,R34,R33及びv並びにR29~R32は、それぞれ構成単位毎に同一であっても異なっていてもよい。
(ポリビニルエーテル系共重合体Iの製造方法1)
この製造方法1においては、一般式(X)
R34-(OR33)v-OH ・・・(X)
(式中、R33、R34及びvは前記と同じである。)
で表されるポリ(オキシ)アルキレングリコール化合物を開始剤とし、一般式(XI)
で表されるビニルエーテル系化合物を重合させることにより、ポリビニルエーテル系共重合体Iを得ることができる。
前記一般式(X)で表されるポリ(オキシ)アルキレングリコール化合物としては、例えばエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、トリエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、トリプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルなどの(オキシ)アルキレングリコールモノエーテル等が挙げられる。
また、前記一般式(XI)で表されるビニルエーテル系化合物としては、例えばビニルメチルエーテル、ビニルエチルエーテル、ビニル-n-プロピルエーテル、ビニル-イソプロピルエーテル、ビニル-n-ブチルエーテル、ビニル-イソブチルエーテル、ビニル-sec-ブチルエーテル、ビニル-tert-ブチルエーテル、ビニル-n-ペンチルエーテル、ビニル-n-ヘキシルエーテル等のビニルエーテル類;1-メトキシプロペン、1-エトキシプロペン、1-n-プロポキシプロペン、1-イソプロポキシプロペン、1-n-ブトキシプロペン、1-イソブトキシプロペン、1-sec-ブトキシプロペン、1-tert-ブトキシプロペン、2-メトキシプロペン、2-エトキシプロペン、2-n-プロポキシプロペン、2-イソプロポキシプロペン、2-n-ブトキシプロペン、2-イソブトキシプロペン、2-sec-ブトキシプロペン、2-tert-ブトキシプロペン等のプロペン類;1-メトキシ-1-ブテン、1-エトキシ-1-ブテン、1-n-プロポキシ-1-ブテン、1-イソプロポキシ-1-ブテン、1-n-ブトキシ-1-ブテン、1-イソブトキシ-1-ブテン、1-sec-ブトキシ-1-ブテン、1-tert-ブトキシ-1-ブテン、2-メトキシ-1-ブテン、2-エトキシ-1-ブテン、2-n-プロポキシ-1-ブテン、2-イソプロポキシ-1-ブテン、2-n-ブトキシ-1-ブテン、2-イソブトキシ-1-ブテン、2-sec-ブトキシ-1-ブテン、2-tert-ブトキシ-1-ブテン、2-メトキシ-2-ブテン、2-エトキシ-2-ブテン、2-n-プロポキシ-2-ブテン、2-イソプロポキシ-2-ブテン、2-n-ブトキシ-2-ブテン、2-tert-ブトキシ-2-ブテンなどのブテン類が挙げられる。これらのビニルエーテル系モノマーは公知の方法のより製造することができる。
この製造方法2においては、一般式(XII)
で表されるアセタール化合物を開始剤とし、前記一般式(XI)で表されるビニルエーテル系化合物を重合させることにより、ポリビニルエーテル系共重合体Iを得ることができる。
前記一般式(XII)で表されるアセタール化合物としては、例えばアセトアルデヒドメチル(2-メトキシエチル)アセタール、アセトアルデヒドエチル(2-メトキシエチル)アセタール、アセトアルデヒドメチル(2-メトキシ1-メチルエチル)アセタール、アセトアルデヒドエチル(2-メトキシ-1-メチルエチル)アセタール、アセトアルデヒドメチル[2-(2-メトキシエトキシ)エチル]アセタール、アセトアルデヒドエチル[2-(2-メトキシエトキシ)エチル]アセタール、アセトアルデヒドメチル[2-(2-メトキシエトキシ)-1-メチルエチル]アセタール、アセトアルデヒドエチル[2-(2-メトキシエトキシ)-1-メチルエチル]アセタールなどが挙げられる。
また、前記一般式(XII)で表されるアセタール化合物は、例えば前記一般式(X)で表されるポリ(オキシ)アルキレングリコール化合物1分子と、前記一般式(XI)で表されるビニルエーテル系化合物1分子とを反応させることにより、製造することもできる。得られたアセタール化合物は、単離して、又はそのまま開始剤として用いることができる。
この製造方法3においては、一般式(XIII)
で表されるアセタール化合物を開始剤として、前記一般式(XI)で表されるビニルエーテル系化合物を重合させることにより、ポリビニルエーテル系共重合体Iを得ることができる。
前記一般式(XIII)で表されるアセタール化合物としては、例えばアセトアルデヒドジ(2-メトキシエチル)アセタール、アセトアルデヒドジ(2-メトキシ-1-メチルエチル)アセタール、アセトアルデヒドジ[2-(2-メトキシエトキシ)エチル]アセタール、アセトアルデヒドジ[2-(2-メトキシエトキシ)-1-メチルエチル]アセタール等が挙げられる。
また、前記一般式(XIII)で表されるアセタール化合物は、例えば前記一般式(X)で表されるポリ(オキシ)アルキレングリコール化合物1分子と、一般式(XIV)
で表されるビニルエーテル系化合物1分子とを反応させることにより、製造することもできる。得られたアセタール化合物は、単離して、又はそのまま開始剤として用いることができる。
一般式(VIII)で表されるビニルエーテル系共重合体Iは、その一つの末端が、一般式(XV)、(XVI)
で表され、かつ残りの末端が、一般式(XVII)又は一般式(XVIII)
で表される構造を有するポリビニルエーテル系共重合体Iとすることができる。
このようなポリビニルエーテル系共重合体Iの中で、特に次に挙げるものが本発明の冷凍機油組成物の基油として好適である。
(1)その一つの末端が一般式(XV)又は(XVI)で表され、かつ残りの末端が一般式(XVII)又は(XVIII)で表される構造を有し、一般式(VIII)におけるR29,R30及びR31が共に水素原子、vが1~4の数、R33が炭素数2~4の二価の炭化水素基、R34が炭素数1~10のアルキル基及びR32が炭素数1~10の炭化水素基であるもの。
(2)その一つの末端が一般式(XV)で表され、かつ残りの末端が一般式(XVIII)で表される構造を有し、一般式(VIII)におけるR29,R30及びR31が共に水素原子、vが1~4の数、R33が炭素数2~4の二価の炭化水素基、R34が炭素数1~10のアルキル基及びR32が炭素数1~10の炭化水素基であるもの。
(3)その一つの末端が一般式(XVI)で表され、かつ残りの末端が一般式(XVII)で表される構造を有し、一般式(VIII)におけるR29,R30及びR31が共に水素原子、vが1~4の数、R33が炭素数2~4の二価の炭化水素基、R34が炭素数1~10のアルキル基及びR32が炭素数1~10の炭化水素基であるもの。
(ポリビニルエーテル系共重合体IIの製造方法)
前記一般式(IX)で表されるポリビニルエーテル系共重合体IIは、一般式(XIX)
HO-(R33O)v-H ・・・(XIX)
(式中、R33及びvは前記と同じである。)
で表されるポリ(オキシ)アルキレングリコールを開始剤とし、前記一般式(XI)で表されるビニルエーテル化合物を重合させることにより得ることができる。
前記一般式(XIX)で表されるポリ(オキシ)アルキレングリコールとしては、例えば、エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、ポリエチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、ジプロピレングリコール、ポリプロピレングリコールなどを挙げることができる。
なお、前述した不飽和フッ化炭化水素冷媒と組み合わせて使用する場合、該冷媒はオレフィン構造を有するため、安定性に劣ることから、基油は、水酸基価が15mgKOH/g以下であることが好ましい。
本発明においては、このポリ(オキシ)アルキレングリコール又はそのモノエーテルとポリビニルエーテルとの共重合体は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
本発明の冷凍機油組成物において、基油として用いることのできるポリオールエステル類としては、ジオールあるいは水酸基を3~20個程度有するポリオールと、炭素数1~24程度の脂肪酸とのエステルが好ましく用いられる。
ここで、ジオールとしては、例えばエチレングリコール、1,3-プロパンジオール、プロピレングリコール、1,4-ブタンジオール、1,2-ブタンジオール、2-メチル-1,3-プロパンジオール、1,5-ペンタンジオール、ネオペンチルグリコール、1,6-ヘキサンジオール、2-エチル-2-メチル-1,3-プロパンジオール、1,7-ヘプタンジオール、2-メチル-2-プロピル-1,3-プロパンジオール、2,2-ジエチル-1,3-プロパンジオール、1,8-オクタンジオール、1,9-ノナンジオール、1,10-デカンジオール、1,11-ウンデカンジオール、1,12-ドデカンジオールなどが挙げられる。
また、直鎖状脂肪酸、分岐状脂肪酸の何れであっても良く、潤滑性の点からは直鎖状脂肪酸が好ましく、加水分解安定性の点からは分岐状脂肪酸が好ましい。更に、飽和脂肪酸、不飽和脂肪酸の何れであっても良い。
なお、ポリオールエステルとしては、ポリオールの全ての水酸基がエステル化されずに残った部分エステルであっても良く、全ての水酸基がエステル化された完全エステルであっても良く、また部分エステルと完全エステルの混合物であっても良いが、完全エステルであることが好ましい。
なお、二種以上の脂肪酸とのエステルとは、一種の脂肪酸とポリオールのエステルを二種以上混合したものでも良く、二種以上の混合脂肪酸とポリオールのエステル、特に混合脂肪酸とポリオールとのエステルは、低温特性や冷媒との相溶性に優れる。
前述した不飽和フッ化炭化水素冷媒と組み合わせて使用する場合、該冷媒はオレフィン構造を有するため、安定性に劣ることから、基油は、酸価が0.02mgKOH/g以下で、かつ水酸基価が5mgKOH/g以下であることが好ましい。酸価は0.01mgKOH/g以下であることがより好ましく、水酸基価は3mgKOH/g以下であることがより好ましい。
また、この基油としては、ASTM色が1以下、界面張力が20mN/m以上、抽出水pHが5.5以上、灰分が0.1質量%以下、体積抵抗値が109Ωcm以上であることが好ましい。このような性状を有する基油は安定性が良好で、優れた電気絶縁性を有し、好適である。
当該ポリオールエステル系化合物を製造するに際し、不活性ガス雰囲気でエステル化反応を行うことにより、着色を抑制することができる。また、反応させる多価アルコールと脂肪族モノカルボン酸との割合において、脂肪族モノカルボン酸の量が、化学量論的量より少ない場合は、水酸基が残存し、水酸基価が上昇し、一方化学量論的量より多い場合は、カルボン酸が残存し、酸価が上昇すると共に、抽出水のpHが低下する。したがって、多価アルコールと脂肪族モノカルボン酸とのモル比は、最適にすることが望ましく、また、残存するエステル化触媒(灰分)の量は、できるだけ少なくする処理を施すことが望ましい。
本発明の冷凍機油組成物において、基油として用いることのできるポリカーボネート類としては、1分子中にカーボネート結合を2個以上有するポリカーボネート、すなわち一般式(XX)
で表される化合物、及び(ロ)一般式(XXI)
で表される化合物の中から選ばれる少なくとも一種を好ましく挙げることができる。
前記一般式(XX)及び一般式(XXI)において、Zは炭素数1~12の一価~六価のアルコールから、水酸基を除いた残基であるが、特に炭素数1~12の一価のアルコールから、水酸基を除いた残基が好ましい。
このようなポリカーボネート化合物としては、前記一般式(XX)で表される化合物として、一般式(XX-a)
で表される化合物、及び/又は一般式(XXI)で表される化合物が、一般式(XXI-a)
で表される化合物を挙げることができる。
前記一般式(XX-a)及び一般式(XXI-a)において、R40で示される炭素数1~12の一価のアルコールから水酸基を除いた残基としては、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、イソプロピル基、各種ブチル基、各種ペンチル基、各種ヘキシル基、各種オクチル基、各種デシル基、各種ドデシル基などの脂肪族炭化水素基;シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、メチルシクロヘキシル基、ジメチルシクロヘキシル基、デカヒドロナフチル基などの脂環式炭化水素基;フェニル基、各種トリル基、各種キシリル基、メシチル基、各種ナフチル基などの芳香族炭化水素基;ベンジル基、メチルベンジル基、フェネチル基、各種ナフチルメチル基などの芳香脂肪族炭化水素基等を挙げることができる。これらの中で、炭素数1~6の直鎖状若しくは分岐状アルキル基が好ましい。
一般式(XXI-a)において、R39で示される炭素数2~10の直鎖状若しくは分岐状アルキレン基としては、前記R35の場合と同様の理由から、炭素数2~6のものが好ましく、特にエチレン基及びプロピレン基が好ましい。
このようなポリカーボネート化合物は、各種の方法により製造することができるが、通常炭酸ジエステル又はホスゲンなどの炭酸エステル形成性誘導体とアルキレングリコール又はポリオキシアルキレングリコールを、公知の方法に従って反応させることにより、目的のポリカーボネート化合物を製造することができる。
本発明においては、このポリカーボネート類は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
また、基油の数平均分子量は、300以上3000以下以上であることが好ましく、500以上3000以下より好ましく、700以上2500以下がさらに好ましい。基油の引火点は150℃以上であることが好ましく、基油の数平均分子量が300以上3000以下であれば、冷凍機油としての所望の性能を発揮することができると共に、基油の引火点を前記範囲にすることができる。
上記粘度指数が60以上であることにより、高温での動粘度の低下を抑制することができる。
なお、前記基油の粘度指数は、JIS K 2283に準拠して測定される。
当該酸素化合物と併用できる基油としては、例えば他のポリエステル類、α-オレフィンオリゴマーの水素化物、さらには鉱油、脂環式炭化水素化合物、アルキル化芳香族炭化水素化合物などを挙げることができる。
本発明の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物が適用される冷媒としては、下記の分子式(A)で表される化合物から選ばれる少なくとも1種の含フッ素有機化合物、または前記含フッ素有機化合物と飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物との組み合せを用いる。該含フッ素有機化合物を含む冷媒は、前述のように、地球温暖化係数が低い優れた冷媒である。
CpOqFrRs ・・・(A)
(式中、Rは、Cl、Br、IまたはHを示し、pは1~6、qは0~2、rは1~14、sは0~13の整数である。但し、qが0の場合は、pは2~6であり、分子中に炭素-炭素不飽和結合を1以上有する。)
前記分子式(A)は、分子中の元素の種類と数を表すものであり、式(A)は、炭素原子Cの数pが1~6の含フッ素有機化合物を表している。炭素数が1~6の含フッ素有機化合物であれば、冷媒として要求される沸点、凝固点、蒸発潜熱などの物理的、化学的性質を有することができる。
該分子式(A)において、Cpで表されるp個の炭素原子の結合形態は、炭素-炭素単結合、炭素-炭素二重結合等の不飽和結合、炭素―酸素二重結合などが含まれる。炭素-炭素の不飽和結合は、安定性の点から、炭素-炭素二重結合であることが好ましく、その数は1以上であるが、1であるものが好ましい。
また、分子式(A)において、Oqで表されるq個の酸素原子の結合形態は、エーテル基、水酸基またはカルボニル基に由来する酸素であることが好ましい。この酸素原子の数qは、2であってもよく、2個のエーテル基や水酸基等を有する場合も含まれる。
また、Oqにおけるqが0であり分子中に酸素原子を含まない場合は、pは2~6であって、分子中に炭素-炭素二重結合等の不飽和結合を1以上有する。すなわち、Cpで表されるp個の炭素原子の結合形態の少なくとも1つは、炭素-炭素不飽和結合であることが必要である。
また、分子式(A)において、Rは、Cl、Br、IまたはHを表し、これらのいずれであってもよいが、オゾン層を破壊する恐れが小さいことから、Rは、Hであることが好ましい。
上記のとおり、分子式(A)で表される含フッ素有機化合物としては、不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物、フッ化エーテル化合物、フッ化アルコール化合物及びフッ化ケトン化合物などが好適なものとして挙げられる。
以下、これらの化合物について説明する。
本発明において、冷凍機の冷媒として用いられる不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物としては、例えば、分子式(A)において、RがHであり、pが2~6、qが0、rが1~12、sが0~11の整数である不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物が挙げられる。
このような不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物として好ましくは、例えば、炭素数2~6の直鎖状または分岐状の鎖状オレフィンや炭素数4~6の環状オレフィンのフッ素化物を挙げることができる。
具体的には、1~3個のフッ素原子が導入されたエチレン、1~5個のフッ素原子が導入されたプロペン、1~7個のフッ素原子が導入されたブテン類、1~9個のフッ素原子が導入されたペンテン類、1~11個のフッ素原子が導入されたヘキセン類、1~5個のフッ素原子が導入されたシクロブテン、1~7個のフッ素原子が導入されたシクロペンテン、1~9個のフッ素原子が導入されたシクロヘキセンなどが挙げられる。
本発明においては、この不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物は、1種を単独で用いてよく、2種以上組み合わせて用いてもよい。
本発明において、冷凍機の冷媒として用いられるフッ化エーテル化合物としては、例えば、分子式(A)において、RがHであり、pが2~6、qが1~2、rが1~14、sが0~13の整数であるフッ化エーテル化合物が挙げられる。
このようなフッ化エーテル化合物として好ましくは、例えば、炭素数が2~6で、1~2個のエーテル結合を有し、アルキル基が直鎖状または分岐状の鎖状脂肪族エーテルのフッ素化物や、炭素数が3~6で、1~2個のエーテル結合を有する環状脂肪族エーテルのフッ素化物を挙げることができる。
具体的には、1~6個のフッ素原子が導入されたフッ化ジメチルエーテル、1~8個のフッ素原子が導入されたフッ化メチルエチルエーテル、1~8個のフッ素原子が導入されたフッ化ジメトキシメタン、1~10個のフッ素原子が導入されたフッ化メチルプロピルエーテル類、1~12個のフッ素原子が導入されたフッ化メチルブチルエーテル類、1~12個のフッ素原子が導入されたフッ化エチルプロピルエーテル類、1~6個のフッ素原子が導入されたフッ化オキセタン、1~6個のフッ素原子が導入されたフッ化1,3-ジオキソラン、1~8個のフッ素原子が導入されたフッ化テトラヒドロフランなどを挙げることができる。
本発明においては、このフッ化エーテル化合物は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
本発明において、冷凍機の冷媒として用いられるフッ化アルコール化合物としては、例えば、分子式(A)において、RがHであり、pが1~6、qが1~2、rが1~13、sが1~13の整数であるフッ化エーテル化合物が挙げられる。
このようなフッ化アルコール化合物として好ましくは、例えば、炭素数が1~6で、1~2個の水酸基を有する直鎖状または分岐状の脂肪族アルコールのフッ素化物を挙げることができる。
具体的には、1~3個のフッ素原子が導入されたフッ化メチルアルコール、1~5個のフッ素原子が導入されたフッ化エチルアルコール、1~7個のフッ素原子が導入されたフッ化プロピルアルコール類、1~9個のフッ素原子が導入されたフッ化ブチルアルコール類、1~11個のフッ素原子が導入されたフッ化ペンチルアルコール類、1~4個のフッ素原子が導入されたフッ化エチレングリコール、1~6個のフッ素原子が導入されたフッ化プロピレングリコールなどを挙げることができる。
本発明においては、これらのフッ化アルコール化合物は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合せて用いてもよい。
本発明において、冷凍機の冷媒として用いられるフッ化ケトン化合物としては、例えば、分子式(A)において、RがHであり、pが2~6、qが1~2、rが1~12、sが0~11の整数であるフッ化ケトン化合物が挙げられる。
このようなフッ化ケトン化合物として好ましくは、例えば、炭素数が3~6で、アルキル基が直鎖状または分岐状の脂肪族ケトンのフッ素化物を挙げることができる。
具体的には、1~6個のフッ素原子が導入されたフッ化アセトン、1~8個のフッ素原子が導入されたフッ化メチルエチルケトン、1~10個のフッ素原子が導入されたフッ化ジエチルケトン、1~10個のフッ素原子が導入されたフッ化メチルプロピルケトン類などが挙げられる。
本発明においては、これらのフッ化ケトン化合物は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
この飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物は、前記の分子式(A)で表される化合物から選ばれる少なくとも1種の含フッ素有機化合物に、必要に応じて混合することのできる冷媒である。
この飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物としては、炭素数1~4のアルカンのフッ化物が好ましく、特に炭素数1~2のメタンやエタンのフッ化物であるトリフルオロメタン、ジフルオロメタン、1,1-ジフルオロエタン、1,1,1-トリフルオロエタン、1,1,2-トリフルオロエタン、1,1,1,2-テトラフルオロエタン、1,1,2,2-テトラフルオロエタン、1,1,1,2,2-ペンタフルオロエタンが好適である。また、飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物としては、上記アルカンのフッ化物を、さらにフッ素以外のハロゲン原子でハロゲン化したものであっても良く、例えば、トリフルオロヨードメタン(CF3I)などが例示できる。これらの飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物は、1種を単独で用いてよく、2種以上組み合わせて用いてもよい。
上記炭素数1~3の飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物としては、例えばR32、R125、R134a、R143b、R152a、R245faなどを挙げることができるが、これらの中でR32、R134a、R152aが好適である。これら飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
前記炭素数1~3の飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物と炭素数2~3の不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物との組み合わせとしては、例えばCH2F2(HFC32)と前記HFO1225ye、HFO1234yfあるいはHFO1234zeとの組み合わせ、CHF2CH3(HFC152a)とHFO1225ye、HFO1234yfあるいはHFO1234zeとの組み合わせ、及びCF3Iと前記HFO1234yfとの組み合わせ、及びCF3Iと前記HFO1234yfとの組み合わせなどを挙げることができる。
また、当該飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物の配合量は、冷媒全量に基づき、通常10質量%以上、好ましくは20質量%以上、より好ましくは30質量%以上である。
上記二酸化炭素等の配合量は、冷媒全量に基づき、通常10質量%以上、好ましくは20質量%以上、より好ましくは30質量%以上である。
本発明の冷凍機油組成物には、極圧剤、油性剤、酸化防止剤、酸捕捉剤、金属不活性化剤及び消泡剤などの中から選ばれる少なくとも1種の添加剤を含有させることができる。
(極圧剤)
極圧剤としては、リン酸エステル、酸性リン酸エステル、亜リン酸エステル、酸性亜リン酸エステル及びこれらのアミン塩などのリン系極圧剤を挙げることができる。
これらのリン系極圧剤の中で、極圧性、摩擦特性などの点からトリクレジルホスフェート、トリチオフェニルホスフェート、トリ(ノニルフェニル)ホスファイト、ジオレイルハイドロゲンホスファイト、2-エチルヘキシルジフェニルホスファイトなどが特に好ましい。
一方、金属塩を構成する金属としてはアルカリ金属またはアルカリ土類金属が好ましく、特に、アルカリ金属が最適である。
また、極圧剤としては、さらに、上記以外の極圧剤として、例えば、硫化油脂、硫化脂肪酸、硫化エステル、硫化オレフィン、ジヒドロカルビルポリサルファイド、チオカーバメート類、チオテルペン類、ジアルキルチオジプロピオネート類などの硫黄系極圧剤を挙げることができる。
上記極圧剤の配合量は、潤滑性及び安定性の点から、組成物全量に基づき、0.001~5質量%が好ましく、0.005~3質量%の範囲がより好ましい。前記の極圧剤は1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
油性剤の例としては、ステアリン酸、オレイン酸などの脂肪族飽和及び不飽和モノカルボン酸、ダイマー酸、水添ダイマー酸などの重合脂肪酸、リシノレイン酸、12-ヒドロキシステアリン酸などのヒドロキシ脂肪酸、ラウリルアルコール、オレイルアルコールなどの脂肪族飽和及び不飽和モノアルコール、ステアリルアミン、オレイルアミンなどの脂肪族飽和および不飽和モノアミン、ラウリン酸アミド、オレイン酸アミドなどの脂肪族飽和及び不飽和モノカルボン酸アミド、グリセリン、ソルビトールなどの多価アルコールと脂肪族飽和または不飽和モノカルボン酸との部分エステル等が挙げられる。
これらは1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。また、その配合量は、組成物全量に基づき、0.01~10質量%が好ましく、より好ましくは0.1~5質量%の範囲で選定される。
酸化防止剤としては、2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-メチルフェノール、2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-エチルフェノール、2,2’-メチレンビス(4-メチル-6-tert-ブチルフェノール)等のフェノール系、フェニル-α-ナフチルアミン、N.N’-ジ-フェニル-p-フェニレンジアミン等のアミン系の酸化防止剤を配合するのが好ましい。酸化防止剤は、効果及び経済性などの点から、組成物中に0.01~5質量%が好ましく、より好ましくは0.05~3質量%配合する。
酸捕捉剤としては、例えばフェニルグリシジルエーテル、アルキルグリシジルエーテル、アルキレングリコールグリシジルエーテル、シクロヘキセンオキシド、α-オレフィンオキシド、エポキシ化大豆油などのエポキシ化合物を挙げることができるが、酸捕捉剤としては、特にグリシジルエステル、グリシジルエーテル及びα-オレフィンオキシドの中から選ばれる少なくとも1種が好適に用いられる。
これらの中で、特に炭素数6~16の直鎖状、分岐状、環状の飽和脂肪族モノカルボン酸のグリシジルエステルが好ましい。このようなグリシジルエステルとしては、例えば2-エチルヘキサン酸グリシジルエステル、3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸グリシジルエステル、カプリン酸グリシジルエステル、ラウリン酸グリシジルエステル、バーサチック酸グリシジルエステル、ミリスチン酸グリシジルエステルなどを挙げることができる。
これらの中で、特に炭素数6~16の直鎖状、分岐状、環状の飽和脂肪族モノアルコール由来のグリシジルエーテルが好ましい。このようなグリシジルエーテルとしては、例えば2-エチルエチルグリシジルエーテル、イソノニルグリシジルエーテル、カプリノイルグリシジルエーテル、ラウリルグリシジルエーテル、ミリスチルグリシジルエーテルなどが挙げられる。
本発明においては、前記酸捕捉剤は1種を用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。また、その配合量は、効果及びスラッジ発生の抑制の点から、組成物全量に基づき、通常0.005~10質量%、特に0.05~6質量%の範囲が好ましい。
金属不活性化剤としては、例えばN-[N,N’-ジアルキル(炭素数3~12のアルキル基)アミノメチル]トリアゾールなどの銅不活性化剤などを挙げることができ、消泡剤としては、例えばシリコーン油やフッ素化シリコーン油などを挙げることができる。
本発明の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物は、前記分子式(A)で表される化合物から選ばれる少なくとも1種の含フッ素有機化合物、または該含フッ素有機化合物と飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物との組み合わせを含む冷媒を用いた冷凍機に適用される。特に不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物を含む冷媒を用いた冷凍機用に適している。
本発明の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物を使用する冷凍機の潤滑方法において、前記各種冷媒と冷凍機用潤滑油組成物の使用量については、冷媒/冷凍機用潤滑油組成物の質量比で99/1~10/90、更に95/5~30/70の範囲にあることが好ましい。冷媒の量が上記範囲よりも少ない場合は冷凍能力の低下が見られ、また上記範囲よりも多い場合は潤滑性能が低下し好ましくない。本発明の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物は、種々の冷凍機に使用可能であるが、特に、圧縮型冷凍機の圧縮式冷凍サイクルに好ましく適用できる。
本発明の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物が適用される冷凍機は、圧縮機、凝縮器、膨張機構(膨張弁など)及び蒸発器、あるいは圧縮機、凝縮器、膨張機構、乾燥器及び蒸発器を必須とする構成からなる冷凍サイクルを有するとともに、冷凍機油として前述した本発明の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物を使用し、また冷媒として前述の各種冷媒が使用される。
ここで乾燥器中には、細孔径0.33nm以下のゼオライトからなる乾燥剤を充填することが好ましい。また、このゼオライトとしては、天然ゼオライトや合成ゼオライトを挙げることができ、さらにこのゼオライトは、25℃、CO2ガス分圧33kPaにおけるCO2ガス吸収容量が1%以下のものが一層好適である。このような合成ゼオライトとしては、例えばユニオン昭和(株)製の商品名XH-9、XH-600等を挙げることができる。
本発明において、このような乾燥剤を用いれば、冷凍サイクル中の冷媒を吸収することなく、水分を効率よく除去できると同時に、乾燥剤自体の劣化による粉末化が抑制され、したがって粉末化によって生じる配管の閉塞や圧縮機摺動部への進入による異常摩耗等の恐れがなくなり、冷凍機を長時間にわたって安定的に運転することができる。
前記エンジニアリングプラスチックとしては、シール性、摺動性、耐摩耗性などの点で、例えばポリアミド樹脂、ポリフェニレンスルフィド樹脂、ポリアセタール樹脂などを好ましく挙げることができる。
また、有機コーティング膜としては、シール性、摺動性、耐摩耗性などの点で、例えばフッ素含有樹脂コーティング膜(ポリテトラフルオロエチレンコーティング膜など)、ポリイミドコーティング膜、ポリアミドイミドコーティング膜、さらには、ポリヒドロキシエーテル樹脂とポリサルホン系樹脂とからなる樹脂基材及び架橋剤を含む樹脂塗料を用いて形成された熱硬化型絶縁膜などを挙げることができる。
一方、無機コーティング膜としては、シール性、摺動性、耐摩耗性などの点で、黒鉛膜、ダイヤモンドライクカーボン膜、ニッケル膜、モリブデン膜、スズ膜、クロム膜などが挙げられる。この無機コーティング膜は、メッキ処理で形成してもよいし、PVD法(物理的気相蒸着法)で形成してもよい。
なお、当該摺動部分として、従来の合金系、例えばFe基合金、Al基合金、Cu基合金などからなるものを用いることもできる。
本発明の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物は、例えばカーエアコン、電動カーエアコン、ガスヒートポンプ、空調、冷蔵庫、自動販売機またはショーケースなどの各種給湯システム、あるいは冷凍・暖房システムに用いることができる。
本発明においては、前記システム内の水分含有量は、300質量ppm以下が好ましく、200質量ppm以下がより好ましい。また該システム内の残存空気分圧は、10kPa以下が好ましく、5kPa以下がより好ましい。
本発明の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物は、基油として、特定の含酸素化合物を主成分として含むものであって、粘度が低くて省エネルギー性の向上を図ることができ、しかもシール性に優れている。
なお、基油の性状及び冷凍機用潤滑油組成物の諸特性は、以下に示す要領に従って求めた。
(1)100℃動粘度
JIS K2283-1983に準じ、ガラス製毛管式粘度計を用いて測定した。
(2)数平均分子量
数平均分子量は、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィ(GPC)を用いて測定した。GPCは、HLC-8120GPC、SC-8020(東ソー(株)社製)を用い、THF(テトラヒドロフラン)を溶離液として、IR検出器を用いて測定を行った。その結果から、polystylene標準試料による検量線から数平均分子量を求めた。
(3)引火点
JIS K 2265(COC法)に準拠して測定する。
(4)粘度指数
JIS K 2283に準拠して測定する。
内容量200mLのオートクレーブに、油/冷媒(30g/30gの比率、油中の水分含有量500ppm)、及び鉄、銅、アルミニウムからなる金属触媒を充填して封管し、空気圧18.7kPa、温度175℃の条件にて336時間保持後、油外観、触媒外観、スラッジの有無を目視観察すると共に、酸価を測定した。なお、酸価はJIS K 2501に規定される「潤滑油中和試験方法」に準拠し、指示薬法により測定した。
冷凍機用潤滑油組成物の調製に用いた各成分の種類を以下に示す。
(1)基油
・A1:ポリエチルビニルエーテル、(100℃動粘度:15.97mm2/s、引火点:222℃、数平均分子量:1250、粘度指数:85)
・A2:ポリプロピレングリコールジメチルエーテル(100℃動粘度:9.25mm2/s、引火点:212℃、数平均分子量:1139、粘度指数:207)
・A3:ポリプロピレングリコール(PPG)/ポリエチルビニルエーテル(PEV)共重合体(PPG/PEVモル比7/11)(100℃動粘度:9.56mm2/s、引火点:218℃、数平均分子量:1200、粘度指数:140)
・A4:ペンタエリスリトールオクタン酸(C8酸)ノナン酸(C9酸)エステル(C8酸/C9酸モル比:1/1.1)(100℃動粘度:9.64mm2/s、引火点:268℃、数平均分子量:670、粘度指数:126)
・B1:ジフェニルスルフィド
・B2:ジオクチルジフェニルスルフィド
・B3:ベンゾチオフェン
・B4:ジベゾチオフェン
・B5:フェノチアジン
以下の各成分を用い、組成物全量中の配合量をおのおの( )内に示す量(質量%)として、全体で0.40質量%となるように添加した。
・酸捕捉剤:C14α-オレフィンオキシド(0.3質量%)
・消泡剤:シリコーン系消泡剤(0.1質量%)
第1表に示す組成の冷凍機油組成物を調製し、冷媒としてHFO1234yf(2,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペン)を用いて、前記組成物の熱安定特性を評価した。その結果を第1表に示す。
第2表に示す組成の冷凍機油組成物を調製し、冷媒としてHFO1234ze(1,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペン)を用いて、前記組成物の熱安定特性を評価した。その結果を第2表に示す。
<実施例14~18及び比較例13~16>
第3表に示す組成の冷凍機油組成物を調製し、冷媒としてHFO1234yf(2,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペン)50質量%と、CH2F2(HFC32)50質量%との混合冷媒を用いて、前記組成物の熱安定特性を評価した。その結果を第3表に示す。
本発明の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物を、冷媒としてHFO1234yfを使用した系に用いた実施例1~8では、いずれも熱安定性試験において、油外観、触媒外観が良好であり、スラッジの発生はない。
また、冷媒としてHFO1234zeを使用した系に用いた実施例9~13においても、いずれも熱安定性試験において、油外観、触媒外観が良好であり、スラッジの発生はなかった。
これに対し、比較例1~8は、本発明における酸素捕捉剤用いていないので、酸価が高いだけでなく、油外観が黄色、茶色または褐色を呈し、かつ比較例1ではスラッジも少量生成した。
また、冷媒としてHFO1234zeを使用した系の比較例9~12では、酸価が高いだけでなく、油外観が黄色、茶色または褐色を呈し、かつ比較例1ではスラッジも少量生成した。
さらに、HFO1234yf及びCH2F2の混合冷媒を使用した実施例14~18及び比較例13~16においては、HFO1234zeを使用した系と同様な結果となった。
Claims (22)
- 下記の分子式(A)で表される化合物から選ばれる少なくとも1種の含フッ素有機化合物、または該含フッ素有機化合物と飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物との組合せを含む冷媒を用いる冷凍機用の潤滑油組成物であって、
基油と、含硫黄芳香族化合物とを含む冷凍機用潤滑油組成物。
CpOqFrRs ・・・(A)
(式中、Rは、Cl、Br、I及びHのいずれかを示し、pは1~6、qは0~2、rは1~14、sは0~13の整数である。但し、qが0の場合は、pは2~6であり、分子中に炭素-炭素不飽和結合を1以上有する。) - 前記含硫黄芳香族化合物が、芳香環を2つ以上有する含硫黄芳香族化合物である請求項1に記載の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物。
- 前記含硫黄芳香族化合物が、ジフェニルスルフィド構造を有するスルフィド化合物及びベンゼン環を含む環状スルフィド構造を有するスルフィド化合物の少なくともいずれかである請求項1に記載の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物。
- 前記ジフェニルスルフィド構造を有するスルフィド化合物が、ジフェニルスルフィド、ジオクチルジフェニルスルフィド及び4,4’-チオビス(3-メチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)から選ばれる少なくとも1種である請求項3に記載の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物。
- 前記環状スルフィド構造を有するスルフィド化合物が、ベンゾチオフェン、ジベンゾチオフェン、フェノチアジン、チアピラン、ベンゾチアピラン、ジベンゾチアピラン、チアントレン、ジフェニレンスルフィド及びそのアルキル基置換体から選択される少なくとも1種である請求項3に記載の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物。
- 前記含硫黄芳香族化合物の配合量が、0.001質量%以上0.5質量%以下である請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物。
- 前記分子式(A)で表される化合物が、不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物、フッ化エーテル化合物、フッ化アルコール化合物及びフッ化ケトン化合物の中から選ばれる少なくとも1種の含フッ素有機化合物である請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物。
- 前記不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物が、1,2,3,3,3-ペンタフルオロプロペン(HFO1225ye)、1,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペン(HFO1234ze)及び2,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペン(HFO1234yf)から選ばれる少なくとも1種である請求項7に記載の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物。
- 前記フッ化エーテル化合物が、フッ化ジメチルエーテルである請求項7に記載の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物。
- 前記フッ化アルコール化合物が、フッ化メチルアルコールである請求項7に記載の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物。
- 前記フッ化ケトン化合物が、フッ化アセトンである請求項7に記載の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物。
- 前記飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物が、ジフルオロメタン、1,1-ジフルオロエタン、トリフルオロエタン、テトラフルオロエタン及びペンタフルオロエタンの中から選ばれる少なくとも1種である請求項1~11のいずれかに記載の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物。
- 前記基油が、ポリオキシアルキレングリコール類、ポリビニルエーテル類、ポリ(オキシ)アルキレングリコールまたはそのモノエーテルとポリビニルエーテルとの共重合体、ポリオールエステル類及びポリカーボネート類の中から選ばれる少なくとも1種を主成分として含む請求項1~12のいずれかに記載の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物。
- 前記基油の100℃における動粘度が、1mm2/s以上50mm2/s以下である請求項1~13のいずれかに記載の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物。
- 前記基油の数平均分子量が、300以上3000以下である請求項1~14のいずれかに記載の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物。
- 前記基油の粘度指数が、60以上である請求項1~15のいずれかに記載の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物。
- さらに極圧剤、油性剤、酸化防止剤、酸捕捉剤、金属不活性化剤及び消泡剤の中から選ばれる少なくとも1種の添加剤を含む請求項1~16のいずれかに記載の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物。
- 冷凍機の摺動部分がエンジニアリングプラスチックからなるもの、または有機コーティング膜もしくは無機コーティング膜を有するものである請求項1~17のいずれかに記載の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物。
- 前記有機コーティング膜が、ポリテトラフルオロエチレンコーティング膜、ポリイミドコーティング膜、ポリアミドイミドコーティング膜、ポリヒドロキシエーテル樹脂とポリサルホン系樹脂とからなる樹脂基材及び架橋剤を含む樹脂塗料を用いて形成された熱硬化型絶縁膜のいずれかである請求項18に記載の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物。
- 前記無機コーティング膜が、黒鉛膜、ダイヤモンドライクカーボン膜、スズ膜、クロム膜、ニッケル膜及びモリブデン膜のいずれかである請求項18に記載の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物。
- カーエアコン、電動カーエアコン、ガスヒートポンプ、空調、冷蔵庫、自動販売機またはショーケースの給湯システム、及び冷凍・暖房システムのいずれかに用いられる請求項1~20のいずれかに記載の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物。
- システム内の水分含有量が300質量ppm以下で、残存空気分圧が10kPa以下である請求項21に記載の冷凍機用潤滑油組成物。
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| KR1020127024681A KR20130038203A (ko) | 2010-03-25 | 2011-03-24 | 냉동기용 윤활유 조성물 |
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| JP2010071110A JP5466556B2 (ja) | 2010-03-25 | 2010-03-25 | 冷凍機用潤滑油組成物 |
| JP2010-071110 | 2010-03-25 |
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| WO2011118733A1 true WO2011118733A1 (ja) | 2011-09-29 |
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| US (1) | US9212303B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP2551334B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5466556B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR20130038203A (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN102791840B (ja) |
| TW (1) | TW201202408A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2011118733A1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TW201202408A (en) | 2012-01-16 |
| EP2551334B1 (en) | 2020-11-11 |
| CN102791840B (zh) | 2016-01-06 |
| US20130012420A1 (en) | 2013-01-10 |
| CN102791840A (zh) | 2012-11-21 |
| KR20130038203A (ko) | 2013-04-17 |
| JP2011202032A (ja) | 2011-10-13 |
| JP5466556B2 (ja) | 2014-04-09 |
| EP2551334A1 (en) | 2013-01-30 |
| US9212303B2 (en) | 2015-12-15 |
| EP2551334A4 (en) | 2017-05-24 |
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