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WO2011015221A1 - Procédé et dispositif pour éliminer des appareils frigorifiques usagés - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour éliminer des appareils frigorifiques usagés Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011015221A1
WO2011015221A1 PCT/EP2009/007684 EP2009007684W WO2011015221A1 WO 2011015221 A1 WO2011015221 A1 WO 2011015221A1 EP 2009007684 W EP2009007684 W EP 2009007684W WO 2011015221 A1 WO2011015221 A1 WO 2011015221A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
refrigerant
air
nitrogen
filter
gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2009/007684
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Norbert Streicher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ERDWICH ZERKLEINERUNGSSYSTEME GmbH
Original Assignee
ERDWICH ZERKLEINERUNGSSYSTEME GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ERDWICH ZERKLEINERUNGSSYSTEME GmbH filed Critical ERDWICH ZERKLEINERUNGSSYSTEME GmbH
Publication of WO2011015221A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011015221A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/30—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
    • B09B3/32—Compressing or compacting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/30—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
    • B09B3/35—Shredding, crushing or cutting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B45/00—Arrangements for charging or discharging refrigerant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
    • B09B2101/02—Gases or liquids enclosed in discarded articles, e.g. aerosol cans or cooling systems of refrigerators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
    • B09B2101/75—Plastic waste
    • B09B2101/78—Plastic waste containing foamed plastics, e.g. polystyrol
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
    • B29B2017/0213—Specific separating techniques
    • B29B2017/0268—Separation of metals
    • B29B2017/0272—Magnetic separation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2075/00—Use of PU, i.e. polyureas or polyurethanes or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/82—Recycling of waste of electrical or electronic equipment [WEEE]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for disposing of waste refrigerators containing a cooling liquid, comprising the steps of: removing the cooling liquid from the used refrigerator; Introducing the used cooling device into a process space; and dividing the old refrigerator in the process room.
  • the invention relates to a device for carrying out a method for disposing of waste refrigerating devices which contain cooling liquid, in particular of the method according to the invention.
  • Altkühlella include, in particular as a refrigerant of a cooling liquid and in the case of Altkühlmaschinen older manufacturing date as blowing agent of insulating or Dämmschaumes, fluorocarbons and, especially in the case of Altkühlmaschinen younger manufacturing date as blowing agent of a Dämmschaumes and more recently also as a refrigerant, hydrocarbons.
  • Hydrofluorocarbons must not be released into the atmosphere as the fluorocarbons damage the ozone layer. Hydrocarbons are highly flammable and therefore very dangerous. In practice, it is the case at a disposal facility that indiscriminately collects old refrigerators both older and also younger date of manufacture
  • DE 39 06 516 A1 discloses a method for disposal of refrigerators for the purpose of separating chlorofluorocarbons Hydrogen (CFC).
  • the method is a
  • the released CFCs are extracted by a suction device and fed to a filter unit where the CFCs are collected.
  • Refrigerators especially those with polyurethane foam insulation.
  • the method is based on the multiple mechanical division of the cooling units in an outwardly closed area.
  • the released CFCs will be
  • Foaming agent is foamed. It is known to round up the CFC or pentane-foamed refrigerator body in an encapsulated, nitrogen-inertized rotor mill. This released CFC and pentane are sucked off, liquefied and bottled. The residual fractions are over different
  • CFCs or pentane are recovered and bottled in an activated carbon filter or in a refrigerated condensing plant in liquid form.
  • the invention has for its object to improve the conventional method and the conventional apparatus for disposal of old refrigeration equipment from the above viewpoints.
  • the independent claims define the invention from several angles.
  • the independent claims define a device according to the invention and a method according to the invention.
  • the dependent claims define embodiments of the invention.
  • the invention includes a method for
  • Propellants contain, with the steps:
  • the refrigerant is separated from other substances of the cooling liquid and is then preferably present directly as a gas.
  • the separate, preferably at least substantially gaseous refrigerant is passed to a heating device, such as a burner.
  • the refrigerant is heated, i.
  • the refrigerant is heated to a temperature at which molecules of the refrigerant split.
  • the heating of the refrigerant causes substantially all of the molecules of the refrigerant to split.
  • steps of the method are carried out essentially at one location, in particular in a system with the process space and the heating device.
  • the system uses components that are integrated in the system.
  • the method according to the invention can do without a step of conventional methods, after which the cooling liquid with the refrigerant and / or the refrigerant separated from the cooling liquid are cooled and / or pressurized to exist substantially or entirely in the liquid phase and to then be cooled and / or stored under pressure liquid and / or transported.
  • the method according to the invention is relatively safe relative to the prior art methods because of a reduction in the number of treatment steps in handling the refrigerant, which are accompanied by a shortening of the transport path of the refrigerant.
  • the method comprises the steps of: dividing the used refrigerator into pieces, respectively
  • the refrigerant for splitting is not heated together with the cooling liquid, but initially separated from other substances of the cooling liquid.
  • the refrigerant separated from the cooling liquid in one embodiment is substantially or entirely in gaseous phase. Depending on the cooling liquid used in the old refrigerator remains after separating the
  • a carrier such as oil, which can be supplied substantially free of the cooling liquid for further use.
  • the refrigerant is separated from carrier oil, and the carrier oil is reusable while
  • the cooling liquid is removed from the cooling device at a removal station and the refrigerant is separated from the cooling liquid.
  • the separated refrigerant is, for example, under atmospheric pressure at a temperature above about -39 0 C as a gas.
  • the separate refrigerant is more common under atmospheric pressure Ambient temperature gaseous.
  • the usual ambient temperature is to be understood as the temperature which in temperate or warmer zones of the earth is used as the outside temperature for
  • the method includes, in one embodiment, transporting the
  • gaseous separated refrigerant from a removal station to a heating device, which is set up as a gap system for splitting and / or burning the gaseous refrigerant.
  • the gaseous separated refrigerant is supplied from the extraction station to the heater, wherein the temperature of the refrigerant substantially the
  • Ambient temperature corresponds.
  • the ambient temperature determines the temperature of the gaseous refrigerant at the sampling station and on the way from the sampling station to the cleavage plant.
  • the heating device heats the gaseous refrigerant so far that the heating leads to a cleavage of molecules of the gaseous refrigerant.
  • the method is provided for disposing of waste refrigerators, which includes an insulating foam
  • Propellant in particular contain a thermal insulation, the foamed material by means of propellant, in particular
  • Polyurethane includes. The method comprises the steps:
  • the method comprises the steps: separating propellant of parts of the old refrigerator in the process space; Directing the propellant out of the process space; and blending the propellant with gaseous refrigerant.
  • the fluorohydrocarbons are fed to a destruction together with the gaseous refrigerant.
  • Suitable propellants are both incombustible fluorohydrocarbons and combustible hydrocarbons such as pentane. In one embodiment, the combustible remain
  • the blowing agent is thermally separated from the parts of the old cooling device.
  • the parts are first crushed (broken, pushed and / or shaken) in the process space. This dissolve pieces of
  • the separated pieces of insulating foam are fed to a heating station, which in one embodiment is in the process room, and warmed to the heating station.
  • the separated pieces of Isolierschaums are introduced at the heat station in a heated pressure chamber and subjected to a heat pressure treatment.
  • the propellant dissolves as propellant, which is passed by the heat station, for example through a pipe from the process space.
  • the method includes separating ambient air into a nitrogen rich first gas mixture (nitrogen gas) and into an oxygen rich second gas mixture (low nitrogen residual air).
  • the method further comprises purging the process space with the nitrogen gas. In one embodiment, this includes
  • Process gas in the heater and thus promotes the heating of the refrigerant gas.
  • the method includes aspirating ambient air, such as by a compressor.
  • aspirated air is filtered to obtain a clean air that is relatively high compared to the ambient air
  • a condensation filter is used to minimize a water content of the air.
  • the clean air in one embodiment, is bubbled through a membrane filter through which oxygen and water pass, while the membrane filter tends to retain nitrogen.
  • the membrane filter tends to retain nitrogen.
  • the membrane filter feeds the nitrogen gas with nitrogen molecules of the nitrogen retained on the filter.
  • the membrane filter has a dense and / or pored tissue that retains nitrogen molecules because the nitrogen molecules are too large for the nitrogen molecules to easily pass through the tissue.
  • the nitrogen gas is essentially only nitrogen.
  • the nitrogen gas has a purity of 98% by volume of pure gaseous nitrogen and 2
  • an operation of the membrane filter is adjustable so that the purity of the nitrogen gas is controllable.
  • the purity of the nitrogen gas is controllable by a variation of the air pressure applied to the membrane filter.
  • the residual air is low in nitrogen, so that the oxygen content in the residual air is increased in comparison with the oxygen content in the ambient air.
  • the purging of the process space is in one embodiment with the nitrogen gas and / or with another gas mixture having nitrogen.
  • the gas mixture used for rinsing the process space is such that it is capable of reducing a risk of fire or explosion in the process space more than would the ambient air instead of the gas mixture.
  • Chiller in the process room Chiller in the process room.
  • the purging of the process space is controlled in one embodiment such that a risk of fire during the division of the old cooling device in the process space does not exceed a predetermined limit.
  • the limit value may be expressed as a value of a nitrogen concentration in the process space, for example.
  • the threshold is in one embodiment dependent on an expected one
  • the limit is variable during the division of the old refrigerator; In particular, the limit value during a continuous operation of the process space in accordance with an expected change in the concentration of combustible gas in the process space is changeable.
  • the residual air is mixed with a combustible gas.
  • the oxygen is present immediately after the separation of the nitrogen from the ambient air, for example, both as atmospheric oxygen and as oxygen in water molecules, which come from the humidity of the ambient air, if the condensation filter has not retained the water molecules.
  • the efficiency of the combustion process is improved.
  • refrigerators have one of essentially two refrigerants and foaming agents, the first of which, in spite of the latter, being independent of each other
  • Noncombustibility of a thermal decomposition is subject, and of which the second is highly flammable, which is why it causes a risk to be suppressed during the division of refrigerators.
  • Second, air has two components, the first, oxygen, promotes combustion, and the second, nitrogen, suppresses combustion.
  • the invention comprises a
  • Coolant containing refrigerant with one
  • Removal station for removing the cooling liquid from the old refrigerator and a heater, such as a burner, which is used to heat the gaseous refrigerant of the
  • Cooling liquid is arranged, in one embodiment, approximately to a temperature at the molecules of the refrigerant split.
  • the device has a process space, preferably with an inlet, such as a lock for the waste refrigerator, and a dividing device arranged in the process space for dividing the waste space
  • the invention thus provides a disposal of
  • plastic pieces, aluminum balls, copper balls, polyurethane briquettes and aqueous salt solutions For example, plastic pieces, aluminum balls, copper balls, polyurethane briquettes and aqueous salt solutions.
  • a risk to the environment by release of fluorocarbons is very low, since the plant for splitting the fluorocarbons is set up from the old refrigerator substantially immediately after the removal of the cooling liquid containing the fluorocarbons as refrigerant.
  • the device according to the invention allows one opposite
  • the device is configured as an integrated system, from a
  • Refrigerated recovered refrigerant obtained substantially without an intermediate storage as a gas of the heater wherein the heater is designed for example as a burner, which is set up, inter alia, for burning from the waste refrigerator derived combustible propellant.
  • An embodiment of the invention comprises a separating device for separating the refrigerant from the removed cooling liquid.
  • the separating device is arranged in one embodiment such that the separate refrigerant in
  • gaseous phase is present. If necessary, the
  • Separator for example, a reuse of a carrier oil contained in the cooling liquid. Further, the separator facilitates a transport of the refrigerant to the heater, if the refrigerant separated from the cooling liquid is gaseous.
  • An embodiment of the device has a gas line which forms a transport path for gas from the separator to the heater.
  • the gas line which forms a transport path for gas from the separator to the heater.
  • the fragmentation device in one embodiment comprises a multi-stage shredder configured to perform one or more of the following functions: tearing the used cooling device into pieces that strike pieces
  • the device comprises a dust filter which is adapted to filter propellant from air, so that the dust filter is a blowing agent rich first gas mixture and a low blowing agent second gas mixture separates.
  • An embodiment of the device has a first line for process air, which leads from the process space to the dust filter.
  • One embodiment has a second conduit for the blowing agent-rich first gas mixture, which leads from the dust filter to the heating device. Harmful blowing agent, in particular from insulating foam dust, is discharged from the filter through the line of the heating device for destruction by decomposition and / or combustion
  • the device has a
  • An air filter adapted to filter nitrogen from air so that the air filter is a nitrogen-rich third gas mixture and an oxygen rich fourth
  • Device comprises a third line for the nitrogen-rich third gas mixture, from the air filter in the
  • Process space leads, and preferably a fourth line for the oxygen-rich fourth gas mixture, which leads from the air filter to the heater.
  • Nitrogen can be introduced through the third line from the filter into the process space, in particular to the dividing device, for rendering inert.
  • Oxygen is through the fourth line from the filter to the heater to promote combustion
  • the apparatus has a heat recovery device that conducts heat from the heater to a consumer.
  • the heating device to a heat exchanger, which is connected to a district heating network and / or piping system with radiators for space heating.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of the embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a detailed view of a first portion of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1; FIG. and
  • Fig. 3 is a detailed view of a second portion of the embodiment shown in Fig. 1.
  • the apparatus of the embodiment (Fig. 1) comprises a preparation section 100, a crushing and
  • Separating section 200 Separating section 200, a degassing and Brikettierabites 300, an ambient air filter section 400 and a
  • the preparation section 100 (FIG. 2) has a
  • Delivery station 110 a suction station 120 and a cutting station 130, which are interconnected by means of a roller road 140.
  • the suction station 120 and the cutting station 130 are identical, merely by way of example.
  • the delivery station 110 has a receptacle 111 for a delivered old refrigerator.
  • the suction station 120 has suction and filter means 131a, 131b, 131c for sucking off cooling liquid from the cooling circuit of the old refrigerating appliance, that of the suction device with a filter (not shown), for separating refrigerant from other substances of the cooling liquid, in particular a carrier oil , is set, in a refrigerant line 132 can be fed.
  • the refrigerant line 132 has a refrigerant pump 134.
  • the cutting station 130 has a cutting device (not shown) for cutting out a cooling unit,
  • a conveying elevator 150 leads to a lock 201 of the comminuting and separating section 200.
  • the crushing and separating section 200 (FIG. 3) is disposed within a process space 600 and enclosed by walls of the process space. In the process space 600 there is a negative pressure in relation to the pressure of the atmosphere surrounding the process space 600. In the crushing and separating section 200, along a crushing and separating path, there are arranged: a shredder 210 having intermeshing knife rollers 212a, 212b arranged at the base of a hopper 211 and a pushing-in device 214, a first one
  • Auger 220 Auger 220, a hammer mill 230, a
  • Vibratory conveyor 232 a magnetic separator 235 with a Eisenfallumble 236, a two-part second
  • Slip head tube 264 and slipper leg 266 each lead a downpipe 237, 265 and 267 provided with a sluice flap (not shown) out of the process chamber 600 into the open to a collection container for iron parts (FIG. 1: Fe). Copper and / or aluminum balls (FIG. 1: Al / Cu) or plastic platelets (FIG. 1: KS).
  • the degassing and briquetting section 300 (FIG. 3) has an ambient air dust filter 310 and a process air dust filter 320 which are each connected via a cell lock 312, 322 to a feed screw conveyor 330, at the transport end of which a transport pneumatics 340 is arranged.
  • the transport pneumatics 340 is connected to a cyclone separator 350 by means of a supply pipe 342. From a top end of the cyclone 350, an axial tube 352 having a fan 354 leads back to a branch inlet 344 to the transport pneumatics 340 located in the region of
  • TransportSchlusses the third screw conveyor 330 is arranged.
  • An outlet at a foot end of the cyclone separator 350 is connected via a rotary valve 356 to a supply silo 360 which has in a bottom region a discharge screw 362, to the transport end of which an inlet is connected to a degassing vessel 370.
  • the degassing 370 is constructed in the manner of an autoclave as a pressure vessel and has a stirrer 372, a to a
  • Venting valve 378 provided vent line 377 to a steam inlet 381 of a particulate filter 380 having a gas outlet 382 in a ceiling area and a rotary valve 383 in a bottom area.
  • Rotary valve 383, the particulate filter 380 is connected to a branch inlet 389 to the lifting screw conveyor 388.
  • the briquetting press 390 has a bottom in the area
  • Briquette outlet 392 for the discharge of briquettes. Below the Briquette outlet 392 is a Brikettsammel operatinger (Fig. 1: PUR) arranged.
  • the degassing and briquetting section 300 further includes a propellant conduit system having a first dust exhaust pipe 234, a second dust exhaust pipe 254, a third one
  • the first dust extraction pipe 234 has an inlet in the region of the magnetic separator 235.
  • the second dust extraction pipe 254 has an inlet in the region of the gravity separation pipe 250.
  • the third Staubabsaugrohr has an inlet in the region of the separation unit 260.
  • the fourth dust exhaust pipe 274 is connected to the gas outlet 382 of the particulate filter 380.
  • the first Staubabsaugrohr 234, the second Staubabsaugrohr 254 and the fourth Staubabsaugrohr 274 open into the process air dust filter 320.
  • the third Staubabsaugrohr 268 opens into the ambient air dust filter 310th
  • the filter section 400 (FIG. 2) includes a membrane separation unit that includes a compressor 410, a dust filter 420, a reservoir pressure vessel 430, and a membrane filter 440.
  • the compressor 410 is to
  • the membrane filter 440 is configured such that water molecules and oxygen molecules pass through a membrane of the membrane filter 440, while nitrogen molecules pass through the membrane to a degree less than the ratio of nitrogen molecules to others
  • the membrane filter 440 is capable of separating nitrogen from the intake air.
  • a nitrogen line 470 leads into the process space 600.
  • the nitrogen line 470 branches off into a first nitrogen line branch 471, which is located in the region of Shredders above the knife rollers 212a, 212b a
  • Nitrogen line branch 472 which has an outlet opening in an area above the hammer impact mill 230. Furthermore, a clean air line 480 leads from the membrane filter 440 to the burner section 500.
  • the burner section 500 (FIG. 2) comprises a fuel gas supply pipe 510, a process gas supply pipe 520 having a
  • a refrigerant supply pipe 522 and a propellant supply pipe 526 branches, an air supply pipe 530 having an air intake fan 534 and branches into a clean air supply pipe 532 and an ambient air supply pipe 536.
  • the fuel gas supply pipe 510 is connected to a fuel gas source (not shown) from which the fuel gas supply pipe 510 can be supplied with gas.
  • the refrigerant supply pipe 522 is connected to the refrigerant line 132 through the refrigerant pump 134, of which the
  • Refrigerant supply pipe 522 can be supplied with refrigerant.
  • the propellant supply tube 526 is connected to the process air dust filter 320, from which the propellant supply tube 526 can be fed with propellant from the process space 600.
  • the clean air supply pipe 532 is connected through the clean air pipe 480 to the membrane filter 440, from which the clean air pipe 532 can be fed with clean air from the membrane filter 440.
  • the ambient air tube 536 is configured to receive air from the vicinity of the burner section 500.
  • Air supply pipe 530 unites to a gas supply pipe 540, which opens into a ceiling inlet 552 of a pore burner 550.
  • the pore burner 550 is arranged vertically and has a first heat exchanger 562 and a second heat exchanger 572.
  • the first heat exchanger 562 is above the second
  • Heat exchanger 572 arranged.
  • the first heat exchanger 562 is part of a first burner cooling circuit 560.
  • the second heat exchanger 572 is part of a second burner cooling circuit 570.
  • the first burner cooling circuit 560 points
  • a district heat exchanger 564 connected to a district heating network (not shown)
  • the first burner cooling circuit 560 and the second burner cooling circuit 570 share a cooling tower 566 (or, in a variant of the embodiment)
  • the cooling water pump 568 is disposed downstream of the cooling tower 566.
  • the pore burner 550 has a bottom outlet 558, to which an outflow pipe 588 is connected.
  • the exhaust pipe 588 is connected to an exhaust inlet 591 of a
  • Laugen fineschers 590 in the region of a bottom of the Laugen derschers 590 connected, which is filled with a lye.
  • the Laugen wisescher 590 has a chimney 598 on.
  • the caustic scrubber 590 has a fresh water inlet and a service water inlet.
  • a fresh water supply pipe 592 is connected to the fresh water inlet.
  • the caustic scrubber has a service water outlet, to which a process water discharge pipe 594 is connected, which has a service water pump 595.
  • the service water discharge pipe branches downstream of the service water pump 595 into a service water supply pipe 596 and a sewage pipe 597.
  • the service water supply pipe 596 is at the service water inlet of the Laugen derschers 590 connected.
  • the sewage pipe 597 leads to the sewer (not shown).
  • the old refrigerator has a cooling circuit with a compressor.
  • a cooling liquid containing refrigerant such as R12, R22, R134a, R502 and / or R600a.
  • the propellant includes RIl, R141b and / or pentane.
  • the old refrigerator also has iron parts, plastic parts, copper parts, aluminum parts and / or
  • the used cooling device is deposited on the receiving station 110 on the receptacle 111 and moved on the roller train 140 from the receptacle 111 to the suction station 120, which also forms the cutting station 130 in the present embodiment.
  • the cutting device By means of the cutting device (not shown), the cooling circuit is cut open and the compressor for further recycling from the old refrigerator
  • Coolant is sucked from the suction and filter device 131.
  • Carrier oil contained in the cooling liquid is separated out and, for example, fed to a collection drum for reuse.
  • the filtering fluid subjected to the cooling now essentially comprises only the refrigerant.
  • the refrigerant is from the suction and Filter device 131 is fed into the refrigerant line 132 and discharged from the refrigerant pump 134.
  • the old refrigerator is from the suction 120 on the
  • Roller Road 140 moves to the conveyor lift 150, the
  • Knife rollers 212a, 212b detect the used cooling device, which is pressed in a variant of the embodiment, if necessary, by means of the pressing device 214 between the knife rollers 212a, 212b. Below the knife rollers 212a, 212b, chips of the old cooling device shredded between the knife rollers 212a, 212b fall onto the first conveyor screw 220, which feeds the chips as a flow of material
  • the hammer impact mill 230 crushes the schnitzel of the
  • Vibratory conveyors 233 out become iron parts of that
  • Magnetic separator 235 tightened and directed into the iron fall distance 236.
  • the iron parts fall from the iron fall path 236 in the first downpipe 237 and pass through a lock (not shown) from the process chamber 600 in the
  • Iron collection container which is arranged outside of the process room 600. PUR foam and other dust is removed from the area of the first dust extraction tube 234
  • Feed screw conveys the chips to a head portion 240b of the second screw conveyor. From there, the chips fall through the first rotary valve 251 in the gravity separation pipe 250.
  • the gravity separation pipe 250 is of a
  • the chips remaining in the material flow pass through the second rotary valve 252 and enter the Verkugelungs- machine 255.
  • the Verkugelungsmaschine 255 detects and processes deformable chips such that it
  • deformable chips assume a substantially spherical shape. Slices exiting the bender are captured by the beaker conveyor 258.
  • the bucket conveyor 258 transports the chips, which are now substantially spherical particles of aluminum and / or copper and plastic flakes, to an inlet of the separation unit 260. In the separation unit 260, the chips fall onto the vibrating table 262.
  • the vibrating table 262
  • Aluminum and / or copper particles fall through the slide head tube 264 into the second down pipe 265 and through a lock (not shown) from the process chamber 600 in the
  • Vibrating table 262 down and finally fall over a lower edge of the table through the slide foot nozzle 266 in the third down pipe 267 and pass through a lock (not
  • the ambient air filter 310 filters the particles out of the air stream and discharges the filtered air into the open air as clean air.
  • the particles migrate in the ambient air filter 310 through the rotary valve 312 down and are at the foot of
  • Ambient air filter 310 detected by the feed screw conveyor 330, which supplies the particles of the transport pneumatics 340.
  • the transport pneumatics 340 compresses the particles into a flocculent dough and presses the flocculent dough through the feed tube 342 into the cyclone separator 350.
  • comparatively heavy flocs travel to the foot end of the cyclone separator 350
  • Cyclone 500 while relatively light flakes in the air flow to the top end of the cyclone 350 and migrate into the axial tube 352 drive.
  • the fan 354 blows the air flow with the flakes back to the branch inlet of the
  • the relatively heavy flocs pass through the outlet of the cyclone 350, pass through the rotary valve 356 and enter the storage silo 360.
  • the storage silo 360 fills with the flocs. As needed, the
  • Discharge screw 362 put into operation and promotes flakes from the storage silo 360 and fills the degassing 370 through the inlet.
  • the operation of the discharge screw 362 is stopped and the inlet of the degassing tank 370 is closed. Meanwhile, the agitator 372 remains in the degassing tank 370 in FIG.
  • Degassing tank 370 is heated. The heating process is controlled approximately such that the heating process follows a predetermined temperature curve. In the degassing 370 creates an overpressure. From the flakes leaks blowing agent. After about ten minutes, for example, the vent valve 378 is opened, so that the overpressure in the
  • Stirrer drives a mass of compacted flakes, which is essentially free of blowing agent, through the discharge opening 378 from the degassing vessel 370 and outside of the
  • the Lifting screw feeds the mass of the briquetting press 390.
  • the briquetting press 390 presses the mass into briquettes or pellets which essentially contain polyurethane (PUR briquettes).
  • the briquetting press 390 discharges the briquettes through the briquette outlet 392 into the briquette collector.
  • the compressor 410 of the membrane separation plant draws in ambient air (FIG. 1: U),
  • Ambient air to the filter and maintenance unit 420 which dehumidifies the ambient air and filters out dust particles.
  • the filter and maintenance unit 420 delivers the dried and cleaned compressed ambient air to the
  • Supply pressure vessel 430 from. Starting from the reservoir pressure vessel 430, the air acts on the membrane of the membrane filter (pore filter) 440. Through the pores of the membrane, nitrogen molecules contained in the air penetrate into a smaller one
  • Ratio as corresponds to their share in the ambient air. The pushed through the pores of the membrane downstream
  • the and / or diffused clean air thus has a lower proportion of nitrogen relative to the ambient air, i. the clean air is relatively rich in oxygen.
  • Oxygen-rich clean air leaves the membrane filter 440 through the clean air line 480. Those molecules and other particles, in particular those nitrogen molecules remaining upstream of the membrane, leave the membrane filter 440 through the nitrogen line 470. For example, the
  • Nitrogen line 470 thus a gas mixture that consists of about 98 to 99.5 percent by volume of nitrogen and
  • the system with the membrane filter 440 is controllable so that the nitrogen content of the gas mixture is adjustable.
  • the nitrogen line 470 conducts the nitrogen-rich
  • Propellant is contained in the insulating foam of the old refrigerator, even then ignite when sparks strike, as with
  • a fuel gas supplied by a utility especially natural gas or methane, flows through the fuel gas supply pipe 510 and through the gas supply pipe 540 to the ceiling inlet 552 of the porous burner 550.
  • Process gas supply pipe 520 on.
  • the process gas suction fan 524 further draws substantially gaseous refrigerant from the cooling liquid exhausted from the cooling circuit of the waste refrigerator through the coolant supply pipe 522 from the refrigerant pump 134.
  • the process gas suction fan 524 pushes the sucked process air and the sucked
  • the air intake fan 534 draws clean air from the environment through the clean air supply pipe 532 and oxygen rich air from the membrane filter 440 through the clean air pipe 480 and pushes the air through the combustion air pipe 530 and the
  • the fuel gas, process air containing the propellant, refrigerant, clean air and oxygen-rich air, and any existing vapors are not separated, so that the components mix during transport in the gas supply pipe 540 to the inlet 552 of the pore burner 550.
  • Gas supply pipe 540 may be the mixing of the gases and / or
  • the comparatively high temperature which can reach up to about 1300 0 C, burned.
  • the comparatively high temperature which can reach up to about 1300 0 C, burned.
  • Pore burner 550 at a temperature of about 1150 0 C.
  • Pore burners especially in the pores of the pore burner 550, sufficiently long to achieve essentially a splitting of those substances in the flare gas mixture whose disposal is intended.
  • refrigerants recognized as harmful to the environment, such as, for example, R12, R22, R134a, R502 and R600a
  • propellants known to be harmful to the environment such as, for example, RI1, R141b and pentane.
  • Combustion and / or fission products are thus hydrogen chloride and hydrogen fluoride, water, nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide.
  • the combustion and decomposition process is favored by the fact that the supplied air is oxygen rich in relation to the ambient air.
  • the flare gas mixture as well as a resulting as a result of combustion and decomposition exhaust gas migrate through the pore burner in the direction of Abströmauslasses 558.
  • Reactions in the pore burner 550 released heat energy is absorbed by cooling water, which circulates in the first burner cooling circuit 560 and in the second burner cooling circuit 570, and discharged from the pore burner 550.
  • the heated in the pore burner 550 cooling water in the first burner cooling circuit 560 passes through the district heat exchanger 564, the heat gives about as hot steam to the district heating network.
  • the cooling water is then pumped to the cooling tower 566 or - in the variant of the embodiment of the cooling system - trickles through the cooling water from top to bottom while releasing the residual heat.
  • the cooling water is collected and pumped by the cooling water pump 568 in the burner cooling circuit 560 back into the pore burner 550.
  • the cooling water in the second burner cooling circuit 570 is also heated in the pore burner 550, but less than the cooling water in the first burner cooling circuit 560, since the second burner cooling circuit 570 is located downstream of the region through which the pore burner 550
  • the cooling water in the second burner cooling circuit 570 is connected to the cooling water of the first burner cooling circuit 560 downstream of the district heat exchanger 564 of the first
  • Exhaust inlet 591 enters and in which the exhaust gas flows through the liquor from bottom to top, before the exhaust gas to clean gas emerges through the chimney 598 in the ambient air. While the exhaust gas flows through the lye scrubber 590, individual gas molecules such as hydrogen chloride gas or hydrogen fluoride gas combine with the water of the liquor to form hydrochloric acid or hydrofluoric acid.
  • individual gas molecules such as hydrogen chloride gas or hydrogen fluoride gas combine with the water of the liquor to form hydrochloric acid or hydrofluoric acid.
  • Hydroxide groups then combine with acidic groups and precipitate out as environmentally harmless salts. Water passing through the fresh water supply pipe 592 from a water utility
  • Fresh water inlet into the Laugenicascher 590 introduced.
  • the fresh water mixed with the liquor. Due to the hot water outlet, the lye water enters the service water outflow pipe 594 as service water and thereby carries salts out of the lye scrubber 590.
  • Domestic hot water pump 595 conveys the service water partly through the service water supply pipe 596 through the service water supply inlet back into the caustic scrubber 590, partly as environmentally harmless and even useful wastewater through the sewer pipe 597 in the sewer.
  • the process water or wastewater is desalinated.
  • an embodiment of the invention provides an apparatus and / or a method for the treatment of waste refrigeration appliances in with a crushing plant and a decentralized, thermal
  • the method preferably comprises nitrogen production. Generated nitrogen is used for safe operation of a crusher, while low-nitrogen, and therefore oxygen-rich, air is supplied to the thermal splitter to prevent combustion of the process gas at high temperature in the thermal
  • an embodiment of the invention provides a
  • sheared screw conveyor 594 service water drainage pipe 340 transport pneumatics 595 service water pump

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif pour éliminer des appareils frigorifiques usagés qui contiennent un liquide de refroidissement avec un frigorigène et au moins une autre substance. Le procédé comprend: l'enlèvement du liquide de refroidissement de l'appareil frigorifique usagé; l'introduction de l'appareil frigorifique usagé dans un espace de traitement (600); le démembrement de l'appareil frigorifique usagé dans l'espace de traitement (600); et le réchauffage du frigorigène du liquide de refroidissement. Le dispositif comprend un poste d'enlèvement (130) pour enlever le liquide de refroidissement de l'appareil frigorifique usagé et un dispositif de chauffage (550) pour chauffer le frigorigène du liquide de refroidissement.
PCT/EP2009/007684 2009-08-07 2009-10-28 Procédé et dispositif pour éliminer des appareils frigorifiques usagés Ceased WO2011015221A1 (fr)

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DE102009036649.0 2009-08-07
DE102009036649A DE102009036649A1 (de) 2009-08-07 2009-08-07 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Entsorgen von Altkühlgeräten

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WO2011015221A1 true WO2011015221A1 (fr) 2011-02-10

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DE102011005525B3 (de) * 2011-03-14 2012-04-05 Untha Recyclingtechnik Gmbh Verfahren und Anlage zur Behandlung von Kältemittel aufweisenden Fluiden
DE102011005522B3 (de) * 2011-03-14 2012-04-05 Untha Recyclingtechnik Gmbh Verfahren und Anlage zur Behandlung von Kältemittel aufweisenden Fluiden
WO2012123224A1 (fr) 2011-03-14 2012-09-20 Untha Recyclingtechnik Gmbh Procédé et installation de traitement de fluides contenant des agents frigorigènes et/ou des agents moussants
DE102012100922B4 (de) 2012-02-05 2018-12-13 Urt Umwelt- Und Recyclingtechnik Gmbh Verfahren und Gerät zur Ermittlung von mindestens einer Kategorie von mindestens einem Isoliermedium und/oder zum Ermitteln mindestens eines Treibmittels in einem Isoliermedium
DE102014211776B4 (de) * 2014-06-18 2017-03-16 Alba Electronics Recycling Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bearbeitung von Kühl- und / oder Klimageräten

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CN102247970B (zh) * 2011-04-08 2013-01-30 凯天环保科技股份有限公司 从废旧冰箱冰柜硬泡保温材料中回收氟利昂的方法和装置

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