WO2011015221A1 - Method and apparatus for disposing of old refrigerators - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and an apparatus for disposing of old refrigerators containing a refrigerant with a refrigerating agent and at least one other substance. The method comprises: removing the refrigerant from the old refrigerator; introducing the old refrigerator into a process chamber (600); breaking up the old refrigerator in the process chamber (600); and heating the refrigerating agent of the refrigerant. The apparatus comprises a removal station (130) for removing the refrigerant from the old refrigerator, and a heating device (550) for heating the refrigerating agent of the refrigerant.

Description

 Method and device for disposing of used refrigerators

The present invention relates to a method for disposing of waste refrigerators containing a cooling liquid, comprising the steps of: removing the cooling liquid from the used refrigerator; Introducing the used cooling device into a process space; and dividing the old refrigerator in the process room. Further

The invention relates to a device for carrying out a method for disposing of waste refrigerating devices which contain cooling liquid, in particular of the method according to the invention.

Altkühlgeräte include, in particular as a refrigerant of a cooling liquid and in the case of Altkühlgeräten older manufacturing date as blowing agent of insulating or Dämmschaumes, fluorocarbons and, especially in the case of Altkühlgeräten younger manufacturing date as blowing agent of a Dämmschaumes and more recently also as a refrigerant, hydrocarbons. Hydrofluorocarbons must not be released into the atmosphere as the fluorocarbons damage the ozone layer. Hydrocarbons are highly flammable and therefore very dangerous. In practice, it is the case at a disposal facility that indiscriminately collects old refrigerators both older and also younger date of manufacture

Disposal. However, consideration of the potential dangers of the aforementioned substances in the disposal of old refrigeration equipment requires separate treatment by substance and is very expensive.

DE 39 06 516 A1 discloses a method for disposal of refrigerators for the purpose of separating chlorofluorocarbons Hydrogen (CFC). The method is a

mechanical division of the refrigerators to granule size in an outwardly closed area. The released CFCs are extracted by a suction device and fed to a filter unit where the CFCs are collected.

DE 40 27 056 A1 discloses a method for the disposal of

Refrigerators, especially those with polyurethane foam insulation. The method is based on the multiple mechanical division of the cooling units in an outwardly closed area. The released CFCs will be

sucked off and collected by a filter device.

Nowadays, an increasing proportion of waste refrigerators has an insulation that with flammable pentane as

Foaming agent is foamed. It is known to round up the CFC or pentane-foamed refrigerator body in an encapsulated, nitrogen-inertized rotor mill. This released CFC and pentane are sucked off, liquefied and bottled. The residual fractions are over different

Separation stages separated. In particular, CFCs or pentane are recovered and bottled in an activated carbon filter or in a refrigerated condensing plant in liquid form.

The methods according to the prior art are complicated and leave environmentally hazardous and / or dangerous substances

 (CFC, pentane) as end products, which as special liquid waste under elaborate security arrangements of a special

Disposal must be supplied and therefore transported to a central disposal facility. The invention has for its object to improve the conventional method and the conventional apparatus for disposal of old refrigeration equipment from the above viewpoints. The independent claims define the invention from several angles. In particular, the independent claims define a device according to the invention and a method according to the invention. The dependent claims define embodiments of the invention.

In one aspect, the invention includes a method for

Disposal or treatment of old refrigerators or the like devices containing a coolant with refrigerant and / or

Propellants contain, with the steps:

 Removing the coolant from the old refrigerator;

 Heating the refrigerant of the cooling liquid;

 Introducing the used cooling device into a process space; and

Cutting the used cooling unit in the process room.

 Hereinafter, embodiments of the invention will be described, the features of which can be combined. In one embodiment, the refrigerant is separated from other substances of the cooling liquid and is then preferably present directly as a gas. The separate, preferably at least substantially gaseous refrigerant is passed to a heating device, such as a burner. In the heater, the refrigerant is heated, i. The refrigerant is heated to a temperature at which molecules of the refrigerant split. Preferably, the heating of the refrigerant causes substantially all of the molecules of the refrigerant to split. Preferably, steps of the method are carried out essentially at one location, in particular in a system with the process space and the heating device. The system uses components that are integrated in the system.

The method according to the invention can do without a step of conventional methods, after which the cooling liquid with the refrigerant and / or the refrigerant separated from the cooling liquid are cooled and / or pressurized to exist substantially or entirely in the liquid phase and to then be cooled and / or stored under pressure liquid and / or transported. Thus, that saves

Inventive method Energy for cooling and transport of the refrigerant. In addition, the method according to the invention is relatively safe relative to the prior art methods because of a reduction in the number of treatment steps in handling the refrigerant, which are accompanied by a shortening of the transport path of the refrigerant.

In one embodiment, the method comprises the steps of: dividing the used refrigerator into pieces, respectively

various materials and / or materials; and after

Material collectible from each other separating the pieces.

In one embodiment of the method, the refrigerant for splitting is not heated together with the cooling liquid, but initially separated from other substances of the cooling liquid. The refrigerant separated from the cooling liquid in one embodiment is substantially or entirely in gaseous phase. Depending on the cooling liquid used in the old refrigerator remains after separating the

Refrigerant from the cooling liquid, a carrier, such as oil, which can be supplied substantially free of the cooling liquid for further use. Thus, at a

Embodiment in which the cooling liquid only off

Refrigerant and carrier oil, the refrigerant is separated from carrier oil, and the carrier oil is reusable while

only the refrigerant is heated to split.

In one embodiment, the cooling liquid is removed from the cooling device at a removal station and the refrigerant is separated from the cooling liquid. The separated refrigerant is, for example, under atmospheric pressure at a temperature above about -39 ⁰ C as a gas. Thus, the separate refrigerant is more common under atmospheric pressure Ambient temperature gaseous. The usual ambient temperature is to be understood as the temperature which in temperate or warmer zones of the earth is used as the outside temperature for

usually can be expected, eg 10 ⁰ C in Central Europe. As a refrigerant come depending on the old refrigerator in particular

Fluorocarbon or pentane in question. The method includes, in one embodiment, transporting the

gaseous separated refrigerant from a removal station to a heating device, which is set up as a gap system for splitting and / or burning the gaseous refrigerant.

In one embodiment, the gaseous separated refrigerant is supplied from the extraction station to the heater, wherein the temperature of the refrigerant substantially the

Ambient temperature corresponds. In particular, in one embodiment, the ambient temperature determines the temperature of the gaseous refrigerant at the sampling station and on the way from the sampling station to the cleavage plant.

In one embodiment, the heating device heats the gaseous refrigerant so far that the heating leads to a cleavage of molecules of the gaseous refrigerant.

Preferably, virtually all molecules of the refrigerant, in particular fluorohydrocarbons, are split as a result of the heating.

In one embodiment, the method is provided for disposing of waste refrigerators, which includes an insulating foam

Propellant, in particular contain a thermal insulation, the foamed material by means of propellant, in particular

Polyurethane, includes. The method comprises the steps:

Separating the blowing agent from the insulating foam; and heating the blowing agent together with the refrigerant. At a

Embodiment, the method comprises the steps: separating propellant of parts of the old refrigerator in the process space; Directing the propellant out of the process space; and blending the propellant with gaseous refrigerant. In this embodiment, the fluorohydrocarbons are fed to a destruction together with the gaseous refrigerant.

Suitable propellants are both incombustible fluorohydrocarbons and combustible hydrocarbons such as pentane. In one embodiment, the combustible remain

Hydrocarbons together with the fluorohydrocarbon, so that a conventional separation of known costly separation is not necessary. Next are the flammable ones

Hydrocarbons in one embodiment with the

gaseous refrigerant brought together, so that a need for auxiliary combustion gas to the combustion and / or thermal

Cleavage of the gaseous refrigerant in relation to an embodiment is reduced or even eliminated.

In one embodiment, the blowing agent is thermally separated from the parts of the old cooling device. For example, the parts are first crushed (broken, pushed and / or shaken) in the process space. This dissolve pieces of

Isolierschaums of other parts of the old refrigerator and but from the other parts. The separated pieces of insulating foam are fed to a heating station, which in one embodiment is in the process room, and warmed to the heating station. For example, the separated pieces of Isolierschaums are introduced at the heat station in a heated pressure chamber and subjected to a heat pressure treatment. From pores and a skin of the cells (cell matrix) of the heated pieces of Isolierschaums the propellant dissolves as propellant, which is passed by the heat station, for example through a pipe from the process space. In one embodiment, the method includes separating ambient air into a nitrogen rich first gas mixture (nitrogen gas) and into an oxygen rich second gas mixture (low nitrogen residual air). In an embodiment, the method further comprises purging the process space with the nitrogen gas. In one embodiment, this includes

Method of feeding the nitrogen-poor residual air to the splitting plant. Thus, the nitrogen-rich first promotes

Gas mixture a reliability when dividing the

Altkühlgeräts in the process space, while the oxygen-rich second gas mixture combustion of

Process gas in the heater and thus promotes the heating of the refrigerant gas.

In one embodiment, the method includes aspirating ambient air, such as by a compressor. The

aspirated air is filtered to obtain a clean air that is relatively high compared to the ambient air

is dust-free and moisture-free. For example, a condensation filter is used to minimize a water content of the air. The clean air, in one embodiment, is bubbled through a membrane filter through which oxygen and water pass, while the membrane filter tends to retain nitrogen. In particular, through the

Membrane filter oxygen molecules and / or water molecules through, while the membrane filter nitrogen molecules

comparatively withholds.

The membrane filter feeds the nitrogen gas with nitrogen molecules of the nitrogen retained on the filter.

For example, as a gas separation membrane, the membrane filter has a dense and / or pored tissue that retains nitrogen molecules because the nitrogen molecules are too large for the nitrogen molecules to easily pass through the tissue. In one embodiment the nitrogen gas is essentially only nitrogen. For example, the nitrogen gas has a purity of 98% by volume of pure gaseous nitrogen and 2

Volume percent of other gas on. In one embodiment, an operation of the membrane filter is adjustable so that the purity of the nitrogen gas is controllable. For example, the purity of the nitrogen gas is controllable by a variation of the air pressure applied to the membrane filter. The residual air is low in nitrogen, so that the oxygen content in the residual air is increased in comparison with the oxygen content in the ambient air.

The purging of the process space is in one embodiment with the nitrogen gas and / or with another gas mixture having nitrogen. The gas mixture used for rinsing the process space is such that it is capable of reducing a risk of fire or explosion in the process space more than would the ambient air instead of the gas mixture. In one embodiment, the purging of the process space during the dicing of the

Chiller in the process room. The purging of the process space is controlled in one embodiment such that a risk of fire during the division of the old cooling device in the process space does not exceed a predetermined limit. The limit value may be expressed as a value of a nitrogen concentration in the process space, for example. The threshold is in one embodiment dependent on an expected one

Concentrable concentration of combustible gas. At a

Embodiment, the limit is variable during the division of the old refrigerator; In particular, the limit value during a continuous operation of the process space in accordance with an expected change in the concentration of combustible gas in the process space is changeable. In one embodiment of the method according to the invention, the residual air is mixed with a combustible gas. In this embodiment, the mixture of residual air and combustible gas, a greater concentration of oxygen, as if instead of the residual air, the ambient air

used. The oxygen is present immediately after the separation of the nitrogen from the ambient air, for example, both as atmospheric oxygen and as oxygen in water molecules, which come from the humidity of the ambient air, if the condensation filter has not retained the water molecules. Thus, in this embodiment, the efficiency of the combustion process is improved.

The embodiments of the invention described above are based on a finding of the inventor, the two

In the first instance, refrigerators have one of essentially two refrigerants and foaming agents, the first of which, in spite of the latter, being independent of each other

Noncombustibility of a thermal decomposition is subject, and of which the second is highly flammable, which is why it causes a risk to be suppressed during the division of refrigerators. Second, air has two components, the first, oxygen, promotes combustion, and the second, nitrogen, suppresses combustion. Embodiments of the invention bring the identified facts into a useful relationship.

In a further aspect, the invention comprises a

Device for disposing of old refrigerators, the one

Coolant containing refrigerant, with one

Removal station for removing the cooling liquid from the old refrigerator and a heater, such as a burner, which is used to heat the gaseous refrigerant of the

Cooling liquid is arranged, in one embodiment, approximately to a temperature at the molecules of the refrigerant split. In one embodiment, the device has a process space, preferably with an inlet, such as a lock for the waste refrigerator, and a dividing device arranged in the process space for dividing the waste space

Old refrigerator on. In one embodiment, the

Device adapted to the old refrigerator in pieces of different materials and / or materials

divide and the pieces according to material or material

collectible separable from each other.

The invention thus provides a disposal of

Altkühlgeräten furnished integrated plant, by means of which the old cooling device can be dismantled into substances that pose essentially no threat to the environment. these are

For example, plastic pieces, aluminum balls, copper balls, polyurethane briquettes and aqueous salt solutions. In particular, using the plant, a risk to the environment by release of fluorocarbons is very low, since the plant for splitting the fluorocarbons is set up from the old refrigerator substantially immediately after the removal of the cooling liquid containing the fluorocarbons as refrigerant.

The device according to the invention allows one opposite

conventional plants improved energy balance, if due to the integration measures of conventional systems, such as

Cooling of refrigerant and / or blowing agent or separating flammable from incombustible blowing agent eliminated. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the device is configured as an integrated system, from a

Refrigerated recovered refrigerant obtained substantially without an intermediate storage as a gas of the heater, wherein the heater is designed for example as a burner, which is set up, inter alia, for burning from the waste refrigerator derived combustible propellant. An embodiment of the invention comprises a separating device for separating the refrigerant from the removed cooling liquid. The separating device is arranged in one embodiment such that the separate refrigerant in

gaseous phase is present. If necessary, the

Separator, for example, a reuse of a carrier oil contained in the cooling liquid. Further, the separator facilitates a transport of the refrigerant to the heater, if the refrigerant separated from the cooling liquid is gaseous.

An embodiment of the device has a gas line which forms a transport path for gas from the separator to the heater. In one embodiment, the

Separator and the heater arranged in the smallest possible spatial distance from each other to a shortest possible gas conduction path for the transport of the gaseous refrigerant from the separator to the

Have heating device.

The fragmentation device in one embodiment comprises a multi-stage shredder configured to perform one or more of the following functions: tearing the used cooling device into pieces that strike pieces

Separate insulating foam metal and / or plastic, separating Isolierschaumpartikel from the range of a material flow, which form the pieces in the multi-stage shredder, iron parts to separate from the material flow, as well as metal parts, especially copper and / or aluminum parts, round molding and / or separate from plastic parts.

In one embodiment of the invention, the device comprises a dust filter which is adapted to filter propellant from air, so that the dust filter is a blowing agent rich first gas mixture and a low blowing agent second gas mixture separates. An embodiment of the device has a first line for process air, which leads from the process space to the dust filter. One embodiment has a second conduit for the blowing agent-rich first gas mixture, which leads from the dust filter to the heating device. Harmful blowing agent, in particular from insulating foam dust, is discharged from the filter through the line of the heating device for destruction by decomposition and / or combustion

can be fed.

In one embodiment, the device has a

An air filter adapted to filter nitrogen from air so that the air filter is a nitrogen-rich third gas mixture and an oxygen rich fourth

Gas mixture separated from each other. An embodiment of the

Device comprises a third line for the nitrogen-rich third gas mixture, from the air filter in the

Process space leads, and preferably a fourth line for the oxygen-rich fourth gas mixture, which leads from the air filter to the heater. Nitrogen can be introduced through the third line from the filter into the process space, in particular to the dividing device, for rendering inert.

Oxygen is through the fourth line from the filter to the heater to promote combustion

introduced.

In one embodiment of the invention, the apparatus has a heat recovery device that conducts heat from the heater to a consumer. For example, the heating device to a heat exchanger, which is connected to a district heating network and / or piping system with radiators for space heating. Thus, the

Device a particularly good energy balance. Hereinafter, an embodiment of the invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Show it:

Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of the embodiment of the device according to the invention;

FIG. 2 is a detailed view of a first portion of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1; FIG. and

Fig. 3 is a detailed view of a second portion of the embodiment shown in Fig. 1.

The apparatus of the embodiment (Fig. 1) comprises a preparation section 100, a crushing and

Separating section 200, a degassing and Brikettierabschnitt 300, an ambient air filter section 400 and a

Burner section 500 on.

The preparation section 100 (FIG. 2) has a

Delivery station 110, a suction station 120 and a cutting station 130, which are interconnected by means of a roller road 140. In the exemplary embodiment, the suction station 120 and the cutting station 130 are identical, merely by way of example.

The delivery station 110 has a receptacle 111 for a delivered old refrigerator. The suction station 120 has suction and filter means 131a, 131b, 131c for sucking off cooling liquid from the cooling circuit of the old refrigerating appliance, that of the suction device with a filter (not shown), for separating refrigerant from other substances of the cooling liquid, in particular a carrier oil , is set, in a refrigerant line 132 can be fed. The refrigerant line 132 has a refrigerant pump 134. The cutting station 130 has a cutting device (not shown) for cutting out a cooling unit,

in particular a hydraulic scissors for cutting

Lines to a compressor of the old refrigerator, from the

Old refrigerator on. The at the cutting station 130th

Separated cooling unit is the Altkühlgerät removed.

From the cutting station 130, a conveying elevator 150 leads to a lock 201 of the comminuting and separating section 200.

The crushing and separating section 200 (FIG. 3) is disposed within a process space 600 and enclosed by walls of the process space. In the process space 600 there is a negative pressure in relation to the pressure of the atmosphere surrounding the process space 600. In the crushing and separating section 200, along a crushing and separating path, there are arranged: a shredder 210 having intermeshing knife rollers 212a, 212b arranged at the base of a hopper 211 and a pushing-in device 214, a first one

Auger 220, a hammer mill 230, a

Vibratory conveyor 232, a magnetic separator 235 with a Eisenfallstrecke 236, a two-part second

Conveying screw 240a, 240b, a gravity separation tube 250 having a arranged in the head area first rotary valve 251 and a zigzag arranged in the foot area 252 cascade stages 253 and intermediate therebetween, a Verkugelungsmaschine 255, a cup conveyor 258 and a separation unit 260 with a variably inclined vibrating table 262st , a slide head tube 264 and a slide foot nozzle 266. From the Eisenfallstrecke 236, the

Slip head tube 264 and slipper leg 266 each lead a downpipe 237, 265 and 267 provided with a sluice flap (not shown) out of the process chamber 600 into the open to a collection container for iron parts (FIG. 1: Fe). Copper and / or aluminum balls (FIG. 1: Al / Cu) or plastic platelets (FIG. 1: KS).

The degassing and briquetting section 300 (FIG. 3) has an ambient air dust filter 310 and a process air dust filter 320 which are each connected via a cell lock 312, 322 to a feed screw conveyor 330, at the transport end of which a transport pneumatics 340 is arranged. The transport pneumatics 340 is connected to a cyclone separator 350 by means of a supply pipe 342. From a top end of the cyclone 350, an axial tube 352 having a fan 354 leads back to a branch inlet 344 to the transport pneumatics 340 located in the region of

TransportSchlusses the third screw conveyor 330 is arranged. An outlet at a foot end of the cyclone separator 350 is connected via a rotary valve 356 to a supply silo 360 which has in a bottom region a discharge screw 362, to the transport end of which an inlet is connected to a degassing vessel 370. The degassing 370 is constructed in the manner of an autoclave as a pressure vessel and has a stirrer 372, a to a

Steam supply pipe (not shown) connected

Steam inlet nozzle 374, a vent opening 376 and a discharge opening 379. From the discharge opening 379 a Hubförderschnecke 388 leads to a Brikettierpresse 390. From the vent opening 376 leads one with a

Venting valve 378 provided vent line 377 to a steam inlet 381 of a particulate filter 380 having a gas outlet 382 in a ceiling area and a rotary valve 383 in a bottom area. By the

Rotary valve 383, the particulate filter 380 is connected to a branch inlet 389 to the lifting screw conveyor 388. The briquetting press 390 has a bottom in the area

Briquette outlet 392 for the discharge of briquettes. Below the Briquette outlet 392 is a Brikettsammelbehälter (Fig. 1: PUR) arranged.

The degassing and briquetting section 300 further includes a propellant conduit system having a first dust exhaust pipe 234, a second dust exhaust pipe 254, a third one

Staubabsaugrohr and a fourth Staubabsaugrohr 274 on. The first dust extraction pipe 234 has an inlet in the region of the magnetic separator 235. The second dust extraction pipe 254 has an inlet in the region of the gravity separation pipe 250. The third Staubabsaugrohr has an inlet in the region of the separation unit 260. The fourth dust exhaust pipe 274 is connected to the gas outlet 382 of the particulate filter 380. The first Staubabsaugrohr 234, the second Staubabsaugrohr 254 and the fourth Staubabsaugrohr 274 open into the process air dust filter 320. The third Staubabsaugrohr 268 opens into the ambient air dust filter 310th

The filter section 400 (FIG. 2) includes a membrane separation unit that includes a compressor 410, a dust filter 420, a reservoir pressure vessel 430, and a membrane filter 440. The compressor 410 is to

configured to suck in air and to blow through the dust filter 420 and the reservoir pressure vessel 430 into the membrane filter 440. The dust filter 420 retains dust from the air. The membrane filter 440 is configured such that water molecules and oxygen molecules pass through a membrane of the membrane filter 440, while nitrogen molecules pass through the membrane to a degree less than the ratio of nitrogen molecules to others

Is molecules. Thus, the membrane filter 440 is capable of separating nitrogen from the intake air. From the membrane filter 440, a nitrogen line 470 leads into the process space 600. In the process space 600, the nitrogen line 470 branches off into a first nitrogen line branch 471, which is located in the region of Shredders above the knife rollers 212a, 212b a

Has outlet opening, and in a second

Nitrogen line branch 472, which has an outlet opening in an area above the hammer impact mill 230. Furthermore, a clean air line 480 leads from the membrane filter 440 to the burner section 500.

The burner section 500 (FIG. 2) comprises a fuel gas supply pipe 510, a process gas supply pipe 520 having a

Process gas suction fan 524 and in a

A refrigerant supply pipe 522 and a propellant supply pipe 526 branches, an air supply pipe 530 having an air intake fan 534 and branches into a clean air supply pipe 532 and an ambient air supply pipe 536.

The fuel gas supply pipe 510 is connected to a fuel gas source (not shown) from which the fuel gas supply pipe 510 can be supplied with gas.

The refrigerant supply pipe 522 is connected to the refrigerant line 132 through the refrigerant pump 134, of which the

Refrigerant supply pipe 522 can be supplied with refrigerant.

The propellant supply tube 526 is connected to the process air dust filter 320, from which the propellant supply tube 526 can be fed with propellant from the process space 600.

The clean air supply pipe 532 is connected through the clean air pipe 480 to the membrane filter 440, from which the clean air pipe 532 can be fed with clean air from the membrane filter 440.

The ambient air tube 536 is configured to receive air from the vicinity of the burner section 500. Fuel gas supply pipe 510, process gas supply pipe 520 and

Air supply pipe 530 unites to a gas supply pipe 540, which opens into a ceiling inlet 552 of a pore burner 550. The pore burner 550 is arranged vertically and has a first heat exchanger 562 and a second heat exchanger 572. The first heat exchanger 562 is above the second

Heat exchanger 572 arranged. The first heat exchanger 562 is part of a first burner cooling circuit 560. The second heat exchanger 572 is part of a second burner cooling circuit 570. The first burner cooling circuit 560 points

downstream of the pore burner 550, a district heat exchanger 564 connected to a district heating network (not shown)

connected. The first burner cooling circuit 560 and the second burner cooling circuit 570 share a cooling tower 566 (or, in a variant of the embodiment)

Other cooling system) and a cooling water pump 568 with each other. The cooling water pump 568 is disposed downstream of the cooling tower 566. The pore burner 550 has a bottom outlet 558, to which an outflow pipe 588 is connected.

The exhaust pipe 588 is connected to an exhaust inlet 591 of a

Laugenwäschers 590 in the region of a bottom of the Laugenwäschers 590 connected, which is filled with a lye. In one

Ceiling portion of the Laugenwäschers 590, the Laugenwäscher 590 has a chimney 598 on. In an upper section, the caustic scrubber 590 has a fresh water inlet and a service water inlet. A fresh water supply pipe 592 is connected to the fresh water inlet. In a lower one

In the section, the caustic scrubber has a service water outlet, to which a process water discharge pipe 594 is connected, which has a service water pump 595. The service water discharge pipe branches downstream of the service water pump 595 into a service water supply pipe 596 and a sewage pipe 597.

The service water supply pipe 596 is at the service water inlet of the Laugenwäschers 590 connected. The sewage pipe 597 leads to the sewer (not shown).

An embodiment of the method according to the invention in the system according to the above exemplary embodiment will be described below.

An old refrigerator (old refrigerator, Fig. 1: K) becomes the

Preparation supplied in the preparation section 100 of the system. The old refrigerator has a cooling circuit with a compressor. In the cooling circuit is a cooling liquid containing refrigerant such as R12, R22, R134a, R502 and / or R600a. Furthermore, the

Altkühlgerät an insulating foam wall on, the one

Include propellant. The propellant includes RIl, R141b and / or pentane. The old refrigerator also has iron parts, plastic parts, copper parts, aluminum parts and / or

Polyurethane foam parts (PUR foam) as well as parts with

Combinations of iron, plastic, copper, aluminum

and / or PUR foam on.

The used cooling device is deposited on the receiving station 110 on the receptacle 111 and moved on the roller train 140 from the receptacle 111 to the suction station 120, which also forms the cutting station 130 in the present embodiment. By means of the cutting device (not shown), the cooling circuit is cut open and the compressor for further recycling from the old refrigerator

cut out. Included in the cooling circuit

Coolant is sucked from the suction and filter device 131. Carrier oil contained in the cooling liquid is separated out and, for example, fed to a collection drum for reuse. Thus, the filtering fluid subjected to the cooling now essentially comprises only the refrigerant. The refrigerant is from the suction and Filter device 131 is fed into the refrigerant line 132 and discharged from the refrigerant pump 134.

The old refrigerator is from the suction 120 on the

Roller Road 140 moves to the conveyor lift 150, the

Altkühlgerät lifts, and in the lock 201 of the

Crushing and separating section 200 introduced. From the lock 201, the old cooling device enters the process space 600 and falls into the funnel 211 of the shredder 210. The interlocking elements arranged at the foot of the funnel 211

Knife rollers 212a, 212b detect the used cooling device, which is pressed in a variant of the embodiment, if necessary, by means of the pressing device 214 between the knife rollers 212a, 212b. Below the knife rollers 212a, 212b, chips of the old cooling device shredded between the knife rollers 212a, 212b fall onto the first conveyor screw 220, which feeds the chips as a flow of material

Hammer blow mill 230 feeds.

The hammer impact mill 230 crushes the schnitzel of the

Material stream and dissolves PUR foam, the shavings

clinging, from the shavings. The chips processed on the hammer impact mill 230 and dissolved PUR foam fall on the vibration conveyor 233. From the material flow on the

Vibratory conveyors 233 out become iron parts of that

Magnetic separator 235 tightened and directed into the iron fall distance 236. The iron parts fall from the iron fall path 236 in the first downpipe 237 and pass through a lock (not shown) from the process chamber 600 in the

Iron collection container, which is arranged outside of the process room 600. PUR foam and other dust is removed from the area of the first dust extraction tube 234

Magnetic separator sucked. The chips remaining in the flow of material fall into a foot section 240a of the second conveyor screw. The second

Feed screw conveys the chips to a head portion 240b of the second screw conveyor. From there, the chips fall through the first rotary valve 251 in the gravity separation pipe 250. The gravity separation pipe 250 is of a

Air flow flooded from bottom to top. The cascade stages 253 in the gravity separation pipe provide for one

Turbulence of the air stream, so that light particles are detected by the air flow and carried in the gravity separation pipe 250 upwards. At the head of the gravity separation pipe 250, the particles detected by the air flow are drawn off through the second dust suction pipe 254.

The chips remaining in the material flow pass through the second rotary valve 252 and enter the Verkugelungs- machine 255. The Verkugelungsmaschine 255 detects and processes deformable chips such that it

deformable chips assume a substantially spherical shape. Slices exiting the bender are captured by the beaker conveyor 258.

The bucket conveyor 258 transports the chips, which are now substantially spherical particles of aluminum and / or copper and plastic flakes, to an inlet of the separation unit 260. In the separation unit 260, the chips fall onto the vibrating table 262. The vibrating table 262

swinging up and down. The spherical aluminum and / or copper particles jump on the surface of the vibrating table 262 upwards and over an upper edge of the table, from where the

Aluminum and / or copper particles fall through the slide head tube 264 into the second down pipe 265 and through a lock (not shown) from the process chamber 600 in the

Collecting containers for copper and aluminum arrive, the

is arranged outside the process space 600. The Plastic slides slip on the surface of the

Vibrating table 262 down and finally fall over a lower edge of the table through the slide foot nozzle 266 in the third down pipe 267 and pass through a lock (not

shown) from the process chamber 600 in the collection container for plastic, which is arranged outside of the process chamber 600

As the surface of the vibrating table 262 vibrates oscillatingly, an airflow sweeps from a lower one

Table edge fro the surface of the vibrating table 262 in

Direction of the upper edge of the table. The air stream captures comparatively light particles dissolved by the chips;

in particular dust formed by the PUR foam, and carries the particles to the third Staubabsaugrohr 268, through which the air flow with the particles to the ambient air filter 310 passes. The ambient air filter 310 filters the particles out of the air stream and discharges the filtered air into the open air as clean air.

The particles migrate in the ambient air filter 310 through the rotary valve 312 down and are at the foot of

Ambient air filter 310 detected by the feed screw conveyor 330, which supplies the particles of the transport pneumatics 340. The transport pneumatics 340 compresses the particles into a flocculent dough and presses the flocculent dough through the feed tube 342 into the cyclone separator 350. In the cyclone separator 350, comparatively heavy flocs travel to the foot end of the cyclone separator 350

Cyclone 500, while relatively light flakes in the air flow to the top end of the cyclone 350 and migrate into the axial tube 352 drive. The fan 354 blows the air flow with the flakes back to the branch inlet of the

Transportpneumatics 340, the flocs again in the

Pressed in flock dough. The relatively heavy flocs pass through the outlet of the cyclone 350, pass through the rotary valve 356 and enter the storage silo 360. The storage silo 360 fills with the flocs. As needed, the

Discharge screw 362 put into operation and promotes flakes from the storage silo 360 and fills the degassing 370 through the inlet. When the degassing tank 370 is filled, the operation of the discharge screw 362 is stopped and the inlet of the degassing tank 370 is closed. Meanwhile, the agitator 372 remains in the degassing tank 370 in FIG

Operating and rolling over the flakes. By the

 Steam inlet nozzle 374, the flakes are supplied with steam from the steam supply pipe. The interior of the

Degassing tank 370 is heated. The heating process is controlled approximately such that the heating process follows a predetermined temperature curve. In the degassing 370 creates an overpressure. From the flakes leaks blowing agent. After about ten minutes, for example, the vent valve 378 is opened, so that the overpressure in the

Degasser 370 by escape of steam and

liberated propellant gases through the vent 376 and the vent line 377 degrades. The escaped mixture of gas and / or vapor passes through the steam inlet 381 into the particulate filter 380, which traps particles, in particular polyurethane particles, carried with the gas / vapor mixture from the degassing chamber 370 and down through the branch inlet through the rotary valve 383 389 on the Hubförderschnecke 388 dismisses.

Subsequently, the discharge opening 379 is opened. The

Stirrer drives a mass of compacted flakes, which is essentially free of blowing agent, through the discharge opening 378 from the degassing vessel 370 and outside of the

Process chamber 600, so that the mass of compacted flakes gradually falls on the Hubschneckenschnecke 388. The Lifting screw feeds the mass of the briquetting press 390. The briquetting press 390 presses the mass into briquettes or pellets which essentially contain polyurethane (PUR briquettes). The briquetting press 390 discharges the briquettes through the briquette outlet 392 into the briquette collector.

Meanwhile, in the filter section 400, the compressor 410 of the membrane separation plant draws in ambient air (FIG. 1: U),

compresses the ambient air and gives the compressed

Ambient air to the filter and maintenance unit 420, which dehumidifies the ambient air and filters out dust particles. The filter and maintenance unit 420 delivers the dried and cleaned compressed ambient air to the

 Supply pressure vessel 430 from. Starting from the reservoir pressure vessel 430, the air acts on the membrane of the membrane filter (pore filter) 440. Through the pores of the membrane, nitrogen molecules contained in the air penetrate into a smaller one

Ratio, as corresponds to their share in the ambient air. The pushed through the pores of the membrane downstream

and / or diffused clean air thus has a lower proportion of nitrogen relative to the ambient air, i. the clean air is relatively rich in oxygen. The

Oxygen-rich clean air leaves the membrane filter 440 through the clean air line 480. Those molecules and other particles, in particular those nitrogen molecules remaining upstream of the membrane, leave the membrane filter 440 through the nitrogen line 470. For example, the

Nitrogen line 470 thus a gas mixture that consists of about 98 to 99.5 percent by volume of nitrogen and

Accordingly, it has predominantly nitrogen molecules. The system with the membrane filter 440 is controllable so that the nitrogen content of the gas mixture is adjustable.

The nitrogen line 470 conducts the nitrogen-rich

Gas mixture in the process space 600 a. From the Exhaust port of the first nitrogen branch 471 passes nitrogen rich gas mixture and floods the area of the knife rollers 212a, 212b. From the exit opening of the second nitrogen branch 472 nitrogen rich occurs

Gas mixture and floods the area of the hammer mill 230. In the nitrogen-flooded areas can also

highly flammable material, in particular pentane, as

Propellant is contained in the insulating foam of the old refrigerator, even then ignite when sparks strike, as with

Crushing work of the knife rollers 212a, 212b and in the work of the hammer impact mill 230 quite possible. Starting from the areas around the outlet openings, the nitrogen also flows through the process space 600 and thus reduces a risk of fire, in particular an explosion hazard, in the process space 600, which starts from highly flammable gases and / or other materials and / or substances such as pentane may be present in the old refrigerator.

In the combustor section 500, a fuel gas supplied by a utility, especially natural gas or methane, flows through the fuel gas supply pipe 510 and through the gas supply pipe 540 to the ceiling inlet 552 of the porous burner 550.

Meanwhile, the process gas suction fan 524 sucks

Process air with the propellant released in the process space 600 from the process air dust filter 320 through the propellant supply pipe 526 and through the refrigeration and defrosting process

Process gas supply pipe 520 on. The process gas suction fan 524 further draws substantially gaseous refrigerant from the cooling liquid exhausted from the cooling circuit of the waste refrigerator through the coolant supply pipe 522 from the refrigerant pump 134. The process gas suction fan 524 pushes the sucked process air and the sucked

Refrigerant through the process gas supply pipe 520 and the gas supply pipe 540 to the ceiling inlet 552 of the pore burner 550th The air intake fan 534 draws clean air from the environment through the clean air supply pipe 532 and oxygen rich air from the membrane filter 440 through the clean air pipe 480 and pushes the air through the combustion air pipe 530 and the

Gas supply pipe 540 to the ceiling inlet 552 of the pore burner 550th

In the gas supply pipe 540, the fuel gas, process air containing the propellant, refrigerant, clean air and oxygen-rich air, and any existing vapors are not separated, so that the components mix during transport in the gas supply pipe 540 to the inlet 552 of the pore burner 550. Depending on the residence time in the gas supply tube 540, temperature of the respective gas and the presence of turbulence and / or turbulence in the flow in the

Gas supply pipe 540 may be the mixing of the gases and / or

Vapors already be completed when the gases enter through the ceiling inlet 552 in the pore burner 550. In the pore burner 550, the gases are mixed to form a flare gas mixture.

In the pore burner 550, the flare gas mixture at

comparatively high temperature, which can reach up to about 1300 ⁰ C, burned. For example, the

Pore burner 550 at a temperature of about 1150 ⁰ C.

operated. The flare gas mixture lingers in the

Pore burners, especially in the pores of the pore burner 550, sufficiently long to achieve essentially a splitting of those substances in the flare gas mixture whose disposal is intended. These are, in particular, refrigerants recognized as harmful to the environment, such as, for example, R12, R22, R134a, R502 and R600a, and propellants known to be harmful to the environment such as, for example, RI1, R141b and pentane. In particular, run in the pore burner with respect to the substances RIl and R12 Reactions using methane as the fuel gas according to the following equations (1) and (2) from:

RIl: C Cl ₃ F + CH ₄ + 2O ₂ -> 3HCl + HF + 2CO ₂ (D.

R12: C Cl ₂ F ₂ + CH ₄ + 2O ₂ -> 2HCl + 2HF + 2CO ₂ (2)

Combustion and / or fission products are thus hydrogen chloride and hydrogen fluoride, water, nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide. The combustion and decomposition process is favored by the fact that the supplied air is oxygen rich in relation to the ambient air. The

The process of incineration and decomposition is further encouraged by the fact that, where appropriate, some of the

eliminating substances such as pentane are easily flammable.

The flare gas mixture as well as a resulting as a result of combustion and decomposition exhaust gas migrate through the pore burner in the direction of Abströmauslasses 558. The exothermic

Reactions in the pore burner 550 released heat energy is absorbed by cooling water, which circulates in the first burner cooling circuit 560 and in the second burner cooling circuit 570, and discharged from the pore burner 550.

The heated in the pore burner 550 cooling water in the first burner cooling circuit 560 passes through the district heat exchanger 564, the heat gives about as hot steam to the district heating network. The cooling water is then pumped to the cooling tower 566 or - in the variant of the embodiment of the cooling system - trickles through the cooling water from top to bottom while releasing the residual heat. At the foot of the cooling tower 566, the cooling water is collected and pumped by the cooling water pump 568 in the burner cooling circuit 560 back into the pore burner 550. The cooling water in the second burner cooling circuit 570 is also heated in the pore burner 550, but less than the cooling water in the first burner cooling circuit 560, since the second burner cooling circuit 570 is located downstream of the region through which the pore burner 550

flowing gas mixture is essentially detected by the combustion process.

The cooling water in the second burner cooling circuit 570 is connected to the cooling water of the first burner cooling circuit 560 downstream of the district heat exchanger 564 of the first

Brennerkühlkreislaufs 560 merged, pumped to the cooling tower 566, which trickles through the cooling water from top to bottom, releasing the residual heat. At the foot of the cooling tower 566, the cooling water is collected and pumped by the cooling water pump 568 through a branch into the burner cooling circuit 570 back into the pore burner 550.

After a complete combustion and / or splitting of the flare gas mixture in the pore burner 550 occurs in

essentially only exhaust gas through the Abströmauslass 558 from the pore burner 550. The exhaust gas passes through the discharge pipe 588 to the Laugenwäscher 590, in which the exhaust gas through the

Exhaust inlet 591 enters and in which the exhaust gas flows through the liquor from bottom to top, before the exhaust gas to clean gas emerges through the chimney 598 in the ambient air. While the exhaust gas flows through the lye scrubber 590, individual gas molecules such as hydrogen chloride gas or hydrogen fluoride gas combine with the water of the liquor to form hydrochloric acid or hydrofluoric acid. The existing in the lye

Hydroxide groups then combine with acidic groups and precipitate out as environmentally harmless salts. Water passing through the fresh water supply pipe 592 from a water utility

meanwhile, is being delivered by the

Fresh water inlet into the Laugenwäscher 590 introduced. In the caustic scrubber 590, the fresh water mixed with the liquor. Due to the hot water outlet, the lye water enters the service water outflow pipe 594 as service water and thereby carries salts out of the lye scrubber 590. The

Domestic hot water pump 595 conveys the service water partly through the service water supply pipe 596 through the service water supply inlet back into the caustic scrubber 590, partly as environmentally harmless and even useful wastewater through the sewer pipe 597 in the sewer. In a variant of the embodiment, the process water or wastewater is desalinated.

As explained with reference to the embodiment, an embodiment of the invention provides an apparatus and / or a method for the treatment of waste refrigeration appliances in with a crushing plant and a decentralized, thermal

Slitting plant in combination with a nitrogen generator for heterogeneously composed, irregularly occurring mixtures of different high-temperature-resistant and chemically inert chlorofluorocarbons and combustible,

explosive hydrocarbons. The fluorocarbons as well as the hydrocarbons become substantially

immediately after their recovery from a used cooling device mixed as a process gas and continuously fed to a cleavage or decomposition process. The method preferably comprises nitrogen production. Generated nitrogen is used for safe operation of a crusher, while low-nitrogen, and therefore oxygen-rich, air is supplied to the thermal splitter to prevent combustion of the process gas at high temperature in the thermal

Cleavage plant and thus promote the cleavage and decomposition process, in particular the fluorocarbons. Furthermore, an embodiment of the invention provides a

Heat recovery from a cooling circuit of a

thermal cleavage used pore burner about the

Building and / or domestic water heating. Reference 1 is te

100 preparation section 360 storage silo

 110 Delivery station 362 discharge worm

 111 intake 370 degassing container

120 suction station 372 Ruhrwerk

 130 Cutting station 374 Steam inlet nozzle

 131 Suction device 376 Vent opening

 132 Coolant line 377 Discharge line

134 Coolant pump 378 Discharge valve

140 Rollenstrasse 379 discharge opening

150 lift elevator 380 particle filter

 200 Zerklemerungs + separation section 381 steam inlet

 201 lock 382 gas outlet

 210 shredders 383 Rotary valve

 211 Hopper 388 HubforderSchnecke

220 first auger 389 two-branch

230 hammer mill 390 Briquetting press

 233 Vibratory feeder 392 Briquette outlet

 234 first dust extraction pipe 400 filter section

 235 Magnetic Separator 410 Compressor / Compressor

 236 Drop neck 420 Dust filter

 237 first downpipe 430 Reservoir

240 second transfer screw 440 membrane filter

 250 Gravity separation pipe 470 Nitrogen line

 251 first rotary valve 471 first nitrogen branch

252 second rotary valve 472 second nitrogen branch

253 cascade stages 480 clean air line

 254 second dust extraction pipe 500 burner section

 255 agglomerating machine 510 fuel gas supply pipe

 256 pump 520 process gas supply tube

258 Cup conveyor 522 Coolant supply tube

260 Separating unit 524 Process gas suction fan 262 Vibrating table 526 Propellant supply pipe

 264 Slip head pipe 530 Combustion air duct

 265 second downpipe 532 cleanair supply pipe

 266 Slip foot 534 Air intake fan

 267 third down pipe 536 ambient air supply pipe

 268 third dust exhaust pipe 540 fuel supply pipe

 269 Exhaust pump 550 pore burner

 270 foam line 552 ceiling drain

272 Pipe 558 floor outlet

274 fourth dust extraction pipe 560 first burner cooling circuit 276 silo 562 first heat exchanger

280 Press plant 564 District heating exchanger

 291 first dust silo 566 cooling tower

 292 second dust silo 568 cooling water pump

 299 Gas outlet 570 second burner cooling circuit

300 degassing + Brikettierabschnitt 572 second heat exchanger

310 Ambient Air Dust Collector 588 Downpipe

312 Rotary valve 590 Lye washer

320 Process air dust filter 591 Exhaust emission

322 Rotary valve 592 Fresh water supply pipe

330 sheared screw conveyor 594 service water drainage pipe 340 transport pneumatics 595 service water pump

342 Feed pipe 596 Service water supply pipe

344 two-branch 597 sewer pipe

350 cyclone separator 598 chimney

 352 axial tube 600 process chamber

 354 Rotary valve

Claims

claims 1. A method for disposing of old refrigerators, the one  Coolant containing refrigerant and at least one other substance, comprising the steps:  Removing the coolant from the old refrigerator; Introducing the used cooling device into a process space (600); and  Cutting the used cooling unit in the process room  (600);  marked by:  Heating the refrigerant of the cooling liquid. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized by  Separating the refrigerant from the other substance of the cooling liquid, wherein the separate refrigerant is present substantially in the gaseous phase. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized by the  Step:  Transporting the gaseous refrigerant from a removal station (130) to a heater (550); and  Heating the gaseous refrigerant in the  Heating device (550). 4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the method is provided for the disposal of old refrigeration units, which contain an insulating foam with propellant, characterized by: Separating the blowing agent from the insulating foam, the separated blowing agent being substantially in gaseous phase; and  Heating the gaseous blowing agent together with the refrigerant. 5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,  marked by:  Separating ambient air into nitrogen-rich gas and low-nitrogen residual air; and  Rinse the process room (600) with the  nitrogen-rich gas. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized by the  Step:  Mixing the nitrogen-poor residual air with the gaseous refrigerant. 7. An apparatus for disposing of old refrigeration units, which contain a cooling liquid with refrigerant, with a removal station (130) for removing the cooling liquid from the old refrigerator;  characterized by a heater (550) for  Heating the refrigerant of the cooling liquid. 8. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized by a separating device for separating the refrigerant from the removed cooling liquid. 9. Device according to claim 8, characterized by a line (132, 522) which forms a transport path for gas from the separating device to the heating device (550), 10. Device according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized by a process space (600) having a Inlet (201) for the old refrigerator, a dicing device (210) for dividing the old refrigerator in the process space (600), and a dust filter (320) adapted to filter propellant from air, so that the dust filter (320 ) separates a blowing agent-rich first gas mixture and a blowing agent-poor second gas mixture, a first line (234, 254, 274) for process air from the process chamber (600) to the  Dust filter (320), and a second line (520, 526) for the blowing agent rich first gas mixture, which leads from the dust filter (320) to the heater (550). 11. Device according to one of claims 7 to 10,  characterized by an air filter (440) adapted to filter nitrogen from air such that the air filter (440) is a nitrogen rich third  Gas mixture and an oxygen-rich fourth gas mixture separates from each other, a third line (470) for the nitrogen-rich third gas mixture, of the  Air filter (440) in the process space (600) leads, and a fourth line for the oxygen-rich fourth gas mixture that leads from the air filter (440) to the heater (550).