WO2010029997A1 - ペリクル枠体、ペリクル及びペリクル枠体の使用方法 - Google Patents
ペリクル枠体、ペリクル及びペリクル枠体の使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010029997A1 WO2010029997A1 PCT/JP2009/065919 JP2009065919W WO2010029997A1 WO 2010029997 A1 WO2010029997 A1 WO 2010029997A1 JP 2009065919 W JP2009065919 W JP 2009065919W WO 2010029997 A1 WO2010029997 A1 WO 2010029997A1
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- Prior art keywords
- pellicle
- pellicle frame
- frame
- film
- long side
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F1/00—Originals for photomechanical production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g., masks, photo-masks, reticles; Mask blanks or pellicles therefor; Containers specially adapted therefor; Preparation thereof
- G03F1/62—Pellicles, e.g. pellicle assemblies, e.g. having membrane on support frame; Preparation thereof
- G03F1/64—Pellicles, e.g. pellicle assemblies, e.g. having membrane on support frame; Preparation thereof characterised by the frames, e.g. structure or material, including bonding means therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F1/00—Originals for photomechanical production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g., masks, photo-masks, reticles; Mask blanks or pellicles therefor; Containers specially adapted therefor; Preparation thereof
- G03F1/66—Containers specially adapted for masks, mask blanks or pellicles; Preparation thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/027—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34
- H01L21/0271—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising organic layers
- H01L21/0273—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising organic layers characterised by the treatment of photoresist layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/027—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34
- H01L21/0271—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising organic layers
- H01L21/0273—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising organic layers characterised by the treatment of photoresist layers
- H01L21/0274—Photolithographic processes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/027—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34
- H01L21/033—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising inorganic layers
- H01L21/0334—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising inorganic layers characterised by their size, orientation, disposition, behaviour, shape, in horizontal or vertical plane
- H01L21/0337—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising inorganic layers characterised by their size, orientation, disposition, behaviour, shape, in horizontal or vertical plane characterised by the process involved to create the mask, e.g. lift-off masks, sidewalls, or to modify the mask, e.g. pre-treatment, post-treatment
Definitions
- the present invention prevents foreign matter from adhering to a photomask or a reticle used in a lithography process when manufacturing a thin film transistor (TFT), a color filter (CF), or the like constituting an LSI or a liquid crystal display (LCD).
- Frame which is a constituent member of a pellicle used in a pellicle, in particular, a pellicle frame that is a constituent member of a super-large pellicle having a long side length exceeding 1400 mm, a pellicle using the pellicle frame, and use of the pellicle frame Regarding the method.
- the present invention relates to a frame and a pellicle that are constituent members of the pellicle.
- the pellicle will be described. 2. Description of the Related Art
- a pellicle is a transparent polymer film (hereinafter referred to as nitrocellulose, cellulose derivative, or fluoropolymer) having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m or less on the upper surface of a frame having a shape matching the shape of a photomask or reticle, for example.
- the pellicle film is spread and adhered, and an adhesive material is applied to the lower surface of the frame body, and a protective film is adhered to the adhesive material with a predetermined adhesive force.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive is for fixing the pellicle to a photomask or reticle, and the protective film is used to maintain the adhesive strength of the pressure-sensitive adhesive until the pressure-sensitive adhesive is used for that purpose. It protects the adhesive surface.
- a pellicle is generally supplied from the manufacturer that manufactures the pellicle to the manufacturer that manufactures the photomask or reticle, where the pellicle is attached to the photomask or reticle, and then the semiconductor manufacturer, the panel manufacturer, etc. Supplied to manufacturers who perform lithography.
- a large color TFT LCD Thin Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display
- a pellicle frame applicable to a large photomask or reticle used in a photolithography process such as a large TFTLCD (Thin Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display)
- TFTLCD Thin Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display
- a rectangular shape having a long side and a short side is generally used.
- the side of the frame is distorted inward due to the tension of the pellicle film, and the effective exposure area of the photomask or reticle may be reduced due to this distortion.
- the phenomenon becomes more prominent as the stretched area of the pellicle film increases (the pecryl film increases).
- Such a phenomenon has been solved by increasing the rigidity of the pellicle frame while maintaining the area inside the pellicle frame (hereinafter referred to as an effective area) as much as possible (see, for example, Patent Document 1). ).
- the frame of the pellicle should follow the bending of the mask or the like on the long side. Is required.
- the present invention is intended to solve a new problem caused by the enlargement of the pellicle, and the first invention is that the pellicle frame is distorted when the pellicle film is stretched and bonded. Furthermore, the problem to be solved is that the pellicle frame itself follows the bending due to its own weight even after the pellicle is attached to the mask. Furthermore, the ultra-large pellicle is also required to have a characteristic that the frame body is not distorted during handling until the pellicle film is spread and bonded to the pellicle frame body and then attached to the mask.
- the pellicle frame is not distorted when the pellicle film is stretched and bonded, and handling is performed until the pellicle frame is bonded to the mask after the pellicle film is stretched and bonded to the pellicle frame.
- the frame body is not distorted, and the pellicle frame body itself follows the bending due to its own weight even after the pellicle is stuck to the mask.
- the present inventors have intensively studied and found that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by specifying the distortion ⁇ and followability ⁇ of the frame of the super-large pellicle.
- the present invention has been completed.
- the present inventors have found that the above problem can be solved by widening the width Wb of the short side 1b of the pellicle frame body at a specific ratio with respect to the width Wa of the long side 1a. It came to complete. That is, the present invention is as follows.
- a rectangular pellicle frame wherein the pellicle frame has a distortion ⁇ of 0.06% or less, and the following ⁇ of each side of the pellicle frame represented by the following general formula (1) is 3 mm.
- the followability ⁇ of the long side of the pellicle frame is 32 mm or less
- the length of the long side of the frame is 1400 mm or more and 2100 mm or less
- the area inside the pellicle frame is 15000 cm 2 or more.
- ⁇ (1 / pellicle deflection) ⁇ thickness ⁇ width (1)
- the surface of the pellicle frame is subjected to sealing treatment of the opening of micro holes formed by alumite treatment, blackening treatment and alumite treatment, and there is substantially no micro crack (1) to ( 4)
- (6) A pellicle obtained by spreading a pellicle film on the pellicle frame according to any one of (1) to (5).
- the pellicle frame of the pellicle according to (6) is attached to a mask by gripping at least one part of each of the short sides of the pair of short sides facing each other.
- the frame body of the present invention Since the pellicle frame body of the present invention has appropriate rigidity and flexibility, the frame body is not distorted when the pellicle film is spread and bonded to the pellicle frame body, and the effective exposure expressed by the area inside the pellicle It does not reduce the area. In addition, since the pellicle can follow the bending of the mask even after the pellicle is attached to the mask, an air path does not occur on the bonding surface between the mask and the pellicle. Further, in the second invention, the frame body is not distorted during handling until the pellicle film is spread and bonded to the pellicle frame body and then adhered to the mask.
- the pellicle frame of the present invention has a remarkable effect in the case of an ultra-large pellicle. Specifically, the pellicle frame has a remarkable effect in the case of an ultra-large pellicle having an effective area of 15000 cm 2 or more.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a pellicle frame body and a pellicle using the same according to the present invention. It is sectional drawing of the surface perpendicular
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a surface perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the short side of the pellicle frame of FIG. 1. It is explanatory drawing which shows the initial length of the measurement side of a pellicle frame. It is explanatory drawing which shows the state in which the pellicle frame was supported and bent. It is explanatory drawing which shows the length after the support of the measurement side of a pellicle frame. It is explanatory drawing which shows the state by which the pellicle frame was supported by the stand.
- the shape of the pellicle frame of the present invention is a rectangle similar to the mask shape.
- the long side of the pellicle frame refers to the longest side of the frame, and the short side of the pellicle frame refers to the shortest side of the frame. More specifically, in the case of a rectangle, the longer side of the two orthogonal sides is the longer side and the shorter side is the shorter side, and in the case of a square, all four sides have the same length. In the case of a square, any side may be defined as a long side and a short side.
- the distortion ⁇ is represented by the following general formula (2). This distortion ⁇ is measured as follows. Hereinafter, the measuring method of distortion property (alpha) is demonstrated using FIG. 4A, FIG. 4B, FIG. 4C, and FIG.
- the length of one side (length in the initial state) L1 (shown in FIG. 4A) of the pellicle frame body 1 for which the distortion ⁇ is to be measured is measured.
- the lower surfaces (the upper surfaces are not touched) of the two opposite sides that do not measure the distortion ⁇ in the pellicle frame body 1 are supported by the base 20.
- the entire side where the distortion ⁇ is not measured is supported from below and is supported up to 15 mm from the end of the pellicle frame 1.
- the entire long side is supported by the base 20 from below so that the long side is not bent.
- the entire short side is supported by the base 20 from below. Hold in this state for 10 minutes (shown in FIG. 4B), then stop the support, leave the pellicle frame straight on a flat table, and measure the length of one side to be measured after 10 minutes (after support)
- the length (after applying force due to its own weight)) L2 (shown in FIG. 4C) is measured again, and the elongation ratio of the length L2 after support to the length L2 in the initial state is calculated from the following equation to obtain distortion.
- ⁇ be.
- the measurement temperature is 23.8 ° C. and the relative humidity is 74% RH.
- the distortion value ⁇ of the pellicle frame is defined as the value having the largest distortion factor ⁇ .
- the lower limit of distortion property ⁇ of the pellicle frame may be 0% or more, but the upper limit is 0.06% or less, preferably 0.02% or less, and most preferably 0.01% or less.
- the followability ⁇ indicating the followability to the mask of the pellicle frame is represented by the following general formula (1), and the lower limit of ⁇ on each side of the pellicle frame is 3 mm or more, more preferably 4 mm or more, The upper limit of the followability of the long side of the pellicle frame is 32 mm or less, preferably 25 mm or less.
- the followability of the short side of the pellicle frame is preferably 100 mm or less, more preferably 80 mm or less, and particularly preferably 50 mm or less.
- ⁇ (1 / pellicle deflection) ⁇ thickness ⁇ width (1)
- the method for measuring the follow-up ⁇ is as follows. First, as shown in FIG. 5, the lower surfaces of the two opposite sides that do not measure the followability ⁇ in the pellicle frame 1 are supported by the base 20. At this time, the entire side where the follow-up ⁇ is not measured is supported from below and is supported up to 15 mm from the end of the pellicle frame 1. For example, when measuring the short side of the pellicle frame 1, the entire long side is supported by the base 20 from below so that the long side is not bent. When measuring the long side of the pellicle frame 1, the entire short side is supported by the base 20 from below. In this state, after holding for 10 minutes, as shown in FIG.
- the amount of change from the initial position of the most bent portion of the side to be measured is measured, and the amount of change is determined as the amount of bending of the pellicle.
- ⁇ T the reciprocal of the amount of deflection ⁇ T is multiplied by the thickness and width of the side to be measured to obtain the followability ⁇ .
- the following ⁇ is measured for all sides of the pellicle frame 1. When the width of the side is different between the upper surface and the bottom surface, the followability ⁇ is measured with the surface having the wider side being down. The measurement of the followability ⁇ is performed simultaneously with the measurement of the distortion property ⁇ .
- This followability ⁇ is an index representing flexibility indicating how much the deflection of the pellicle frame can follow the deflection of the mask. Therefore, it can be said that the smaller the numerical value, the higher the followability, but if the followability is too high, wrinkles will occur when the pellicle film is extended or handled, so it is necessary to be within the above range.
- the lower limit of the thickness of the pellicle frame is preferably 4.0 mm or more, more preferably the lower limit is 5.0 mm or more, and particularly preferably 6.0 mm or more.
- the upper limit is preferably 10 mm or less, more preferably 8 mm or less, still more preferably 7 mm or less, and particularly preferably 6.5 mm or less.
- the width of the pellicle frame is preferably 13 mm or more, more preferably 14 mm or more, and further preferably 16 mm or more.
- One upper limit is preferably 30 mm or less, more preferably 25 mm or less, and still more preferably 19 mm or less.
- the width may be the same as the width of either the long side or the short side, or may be an independent width.
- the width of the side of the pellicle frame refers to the maximum width of each side such as the widths Wa and Wb as shown in FIGS.
- the cross-sectional shape of each side of the pellicle frame body is not particularly limited, such as a rectangular shape, an H shape, or a T shape, but the rectangular shape is most preferable.
- the cross section may be a hollow structure.
- the pellicle frame of the present invention has a remarkable effect as it becomes very large. Specifically, the length of the long side of the pellicle frame is 1400 mm or more, particularly 1700 mm or more and 2100 mm or less. Is 16000 cm 2 or more, 24000 cm 2 or more, particularly 25000 cm 2 or more. Although the pellicle frame of the present invention has a significant effect when it is large, it is sufficient that the upper limit of the effective area is 35000 cm 2 because of the size required for masks used in the manufacture of TFTLCDs. is there.
- the gripping method grips two sides on the short side.
- the width Wb of the short side of the pellicle frame is Wb / Wa of 1.05 or more with respect to the width Wa of the long side, it is always rigid when handled by the gripping method of gripping the two short sides. Gripping from a high side is possible, and wrinkling during handling can be suppressed.
- the width Wb of the short side 1b of the pellicle frame 1 is preferably 1.05 or more, more preferably 1 as the ratio (Wb / Wa) of the width Wb of the short side 1b to the width Wa of the long side 1a.
- the upper limit is preferably 1.50 or less, more preferably 1.25 or less, and particularly preferably 1.2 or less.
- Materials constituting the pellicle frame of the present invention include, for example, carbon steel for machine structures (SC series, etc.), tool steel (carbon tool steel SK series, high speed tool steel SKH series, alloy tool steel SKS series, SKD series, SKT series, etc.), martensitic stainless steel series (SUS403, SUS410, SUS410S, SUS420J1, SUS420J2, SUS429J1, SUS440A, SUS304, etc.), aluminum, aluminum alloys (5000 series, 6000 series, 7000 series, etc.), ceramics ( SiC, AlN, Al2O3, etc.), ceramic and metal composite materials (Al-SiC, Al-AlN, Al-Al2O3, etc.), among which aluminum and its alloys can be mentioned.
- SC series carbon steel for machine structures
- tool steel carbon tool steel SK series, high speed tool steel SKH series, alloy tool steel SKS series, SKD series, SKT series, etc.
- martensitic stainless steel series SUS40
- each said steel material can be fixed with a magnet since it is a magnetic material, especially in the case of the frame of a large pellicle, processing work improves and it is preferably used.
- the surface of the pellicle frame can be subjected to blackening treatment such as black chrome plating, black alumite, or black coating.
- black alumite treatment will be further described.
- a support frame for a pellicle a 5000 series aluminum alloy is generally often used. Therefore, an aluminum alloy will be described as an example.
- black alumite treatment after forming the pellicle support frame with aluminum alloy, alumite treatment is performed, fine holes generated by this treatment are sealed with a blackening agent, and sealing treatment is performed to close the fine holes. Black anodized.
- the surface of the support frame made by a general method in this way is observed with an electron microscope, generation of fine cracks (microcracks) is confirmed.
- micro-cracks have a problem that even if the pattern is further miniaturized and the wiring width is further narrowed, a very small foreign matter falling into the cracks is also a problem. Therefore, it is preferable to take the following method as a method for preventing the occurrence of such microcracks.
- the surface of the pellicle frame is anodized.
- This alumite treatment is performed in a sulfuric acid concentration of 10 to 20%, a current density of 1 to 2 A / dm 2 , an electrolyte temperature of 15 to 30 ° C., and an energization time of 10 to 30 minutes.
- a large number of microscopic holes are regularly formed on the surface of the alloy.
- a blackening process is performed using the holes. Since the blackening process is performed in order to prevent reflection of light from the frame, it is not limited to black, but also includes dark colors such as brown and dark blue that are close to black.
- Examples of the blackening treatment include dyeing and electrolytic coloring.
- Dyeing is a method of obtaining a color tone by adsorbing the dye in this hole by immersing it in a solution in which a black dye is dissolved
- electrolytic coloring is a method in which a metallic element is electrically deposited in this hole to change the color tone. How to get.
- the dyeing is performed at a dye concentration of 3 to 10 g / L and a dyeing solution temperature of 50 to 65 ° C.
- a sealing process for closing the hole is performed.
- boiling water to which 6 to 12 g / L of a hard wall 3 (trade name) sealing aid, which is called a low-temperature sealing agent, is used is used.
- the temperature of the sealing is slightly lower than 100 ° C., for example, 70 to 95 ° C., more preferably 80 ° C. If the sealing treatment is performed at ⁇ 90 ° C., a pellicle frame having a very uniform surface property and substantially free of microcracks can be produced.
- the judgment of the presence or absence of a microcrack draws a 10 cm (actual dimension 0.1 mm) straight line in the photograph which expanded the support frame surface 1000 times with the electron microscope, and calculates the number of cracks which cross
- the width of the crack those that can be observed in the electron micrograph, that is, those having a crack width of 0.1 ⁇ m or more are counted. It is judged that cracks exist with higher density as this value increases.
- a minute hole that penetrates the inside and outside of the pellicle frame body is made so that the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the space formed by the pellicle and photomask is eliminated, preventing swelling and dents in the film. I can do it.
- it is preferable to attach a foreign matter removal filter outside the fine hole because the atmospheric pressure can be adjusted and foreign matter can be prevented from entering the space formed by the pellicle and the photomask.
- the pellicle frame of the present invention can have both appropriate rigidity and flexibility by satisfying the above requirements. Therefore, there is no distortion of the frame due to the expansion of the pellicle film, and the pellicle is handled alone. Of course, it is possible to follow the bending of the mask itself in the handling after being attached to the mask as well as the bending in the case of doing so. As a result, the pellicle is not wrinkled and can follow the bending of the mask, so that an excellent effect is obtained that no air path is generated.
- the pellicle frame of the present invention can be further improved in reliability as a pellicle frame by adopting the following structure.
- the adhesive between the pellicle film 2 and the pellicle frame 1 is an adhesive application device such as an X- Since it can apply
- the sticking width is set to be narrower than the width of the frame body 1, it is possible to suppress adhesive spots and unpainted areas of the adhesive, and as a result, foreign matter accumulates in the spaces of the uncoated areas and unpainted areas. Can be prevented.
- Wc Wd because the entire side can be applied without changing the coating amount between the long side and the short side.
- Wa Wb
- Wa Wb
- Wc Wd
- the pellicle frame according to the first aspect of the present invention is such that the length of the long side of the photomask is not less than the length of the long side of the pellicle frame and the length of the long side of the pellicle frame is not more than 150 mm, and the length of the short side of the photomask is the short side of the pellicle frame.
- the photomask with a pellicle frame short side length of +200 mm or less can be particularly suitably followed.
- the thickness of the photomask only needs to be thick enough to withstand the weight of the pellicle frame after the pellicle frame is attached (so that the photomask is not damaged).
- soda lime glass, non-alkali glass, low alkali glass, quartz glass, and the like can be considered as the material of the photomask, but the pellicle frame of the first invention can suitably follow without depending on the material of the photomask. it can.
- the configuration of the pellicle frame according to the first invention has been described above.
- the width of the pellicle frame 1 in the second invention will be described.
- the width Wa of the long side 1a of the pellicle frame body 1 shown in FIG. 2 has a lower limit of 13.0 mm or more, preferably a lower limit of 14.0 mm or more, and most preferably 16.0 mm or more.
- the upper limit is 30.0 mm or less, preferably the upper limit is 25.0 mm or less, and more preferably the upper limit is 19.0 mm or less.
- the width of the side of the pellicle frame refers to the maximum width of each side such as the widths Wa and Wb as shown in FIGS.
- the width Wb of the short side 1b of the pellicle frame 1 shown in FIG. 3 needs to be at least wider than the width Wa of the long side 1a. Specifically, the width Wb of the short side 1b with respect to the width Wa of the long side 1a.
- the ratio (Wb / Wa) has a lower limit of 1.05 or more, preferably 1.1 or more, and an upper limit of 1.50 or less, preferably 1.25 or less, and most preferably 1.2 or less. Therefore, the width Wb of the short side of the pellicle frame body takes a value of 13.65 mm or more and 45.0 mm or less.
- a gripping method for gripping the two short sides is preferable.
- the width Wb of the short side of the pellicle frame is Wb / Wa of 1.05 or more with respect to the width Wa of the long side, it is always rigid when handled by the gripping method of gripping the two short sides. Gripping from a high side is possible, and wrinkling during handling can be suppressed.
- the thickness of the frame 1 Preferably it is 4.0 mm or more, More preferably, it is 5.0 mm or more, More preferably, it is 6.0 mm or more.
- the upper limit is preferably 10.0 mm or less, more preferably 8.0 mm or less, still more preferably 7.0 mm or less, and most preferably 6.5 mm or less.
- the cross-sectional shape of each side of the pellicle frame body is not particularly limited, such as a rectangular shape, an H shape, or a T shape, but the rectangular shape is most preferable.
- the cross section may be a hollow structure.
- the pellicle frame body 1 of the present invention has a remarkable effect as it becomes larger.
- the length La of the long side 1a of the pellicle frame body 1 is 1400 mm or more, particularly 1700 mm or more and 2100 mm or less.
- the effective area of the pellicle at that time has a remarkable effect when it is 16000 cm 2 or more, 24000 cm 2 or more, particularly 25000 cm 2 or more.
- the pellicle frame 1 of the present invention has a significant effect when it is large, the upper limit of the effective area is sufficient if the upper limit of the effective area is 35000 cm 2 because of the size required for masks used in the manufacture of TFTLCDs. It is.
- the pellicle frame of the present invention can have both appropriate rigidity and flexibility by satisfying the above requirements, so that there is no distortion of the frame due to the expansion of the pellicle film, and the pellicle is handled alone.
- the distortion of the pellicle frame that occurs when the pellicle film is stretched on the pellicle frame can follow the flexure of the mask without reducing the effective area of the pellicle. It is what you play.
- the short side is wider than the long side, the short side of the pellicle frame is easily gripped when handling the pellicle. As a result, it becomes easier to handle the pellicle from the same side as the gripping portion when handling the mask, thereby improving work efficiency.
- the widths Wc and Wd of the attachment surfaces 1a1 and 1b1 of the pellicle film 2 of the long side 1a and the short side 1b of the frame 1 are substantially equal.
- the widths Wc and Wd of the bonding surfaces 1a1 and 1b1 of the pellicle film of the long side 1a and the short side 1b described here are substantially equal to the widths Wc of the film bonding surfaces 1a1 and 1b1 of the long side 1a and the short side 1b. This means that the difference in Wd is smaller than the difference between the widths Wa and Wb of the long side 1a and the short side 1b.
- the adhesive between the pellicle film 2 and the pellicle frame 1 is applied using an adhesive application device such as an XY dispenser robot.
- the adhesive application amount per unit length is the same between the long side 1a and the short side 1b, when Wc ⁇ Wd, the long pellicle film 2 is attached to the pellicle frame 1 when the pellicle film 2 is attached.
- the amount of the adhesive increases, and the adhesive sometimes protrudes from the film attachment surface 1 a 1 of the frame 1 and hangs down to the inner peripheral portion of the frame 1.
- the short side 1b is insufficient in the amount of adhesive and does not spread uniformly over the entire surface 1b1, and a narrow gap is formed between the pellicle film 2 and the pellicle frame 1 on the inside, and foreign matter is generated in this gap. It may be caught. From this point of view, as described above, by making the widths Wc, Wd of the film attachment surfaces 1a1, 1b1 of the long side 1a and the short side 1b substantially equal, using a conventional simple adhesive application device, A more preferred pellicle can be obtained.
- the pellicle frame is inclined at least on the adhering surface side of the pellicle film 2 of the long side 1a of the frame 1 If the surface is formed, an inclined surface can be formed without a step, and foreign matter can be prevented from accumulating on the pellicle frame. In addition, you may make this inclined surface into a phase shape. In addition, it can prevent that an adhesive agent hangs down to the inner peripheral part of a frame by providing this inclined surface. It is preferable that the inclined surface has a size that does not affect the rigidity and flexibility of the pellicle frame.
- pellicle membranes include cellulose derivatives (nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate propionate, cellulose acetate butyrate, etc., or a mixture of two or more thereof), fluorine-based polymers (tetrafluoroethylene-vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene).
- Teflon AF (trade name) manufactured by Du Pont, a polymer having a cyclic structure in the main chain, Cytop (trade name) manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., and Algoflon (trade name) manufactured by Augmont ) And the like are used.
- a thin film formed from a polymer solution is used as the pellicle film.
- This thin film has a tension.
- this tension is necessary to prevent the pellicle film from being bent or wrinkled.
- the pellicle film vibrates greatly and is difficult to remove.
- the pellicle film foreign matter inspection machine does not function normally. In addition, there arises a problem such as an error in measuring the optical height of the pellicle film.
- Cellulose acetate propionate and cellulose acetate butyrate are preferably used for the ultra-high pressure mercury lamp, which is the light source of the currently used batch exposure liquid crystal exposure machine, from the viewpoint of light resistance and cost.
- the thickness of the pellicle film is preferably about 0.5 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m. In the large pellicle according to the present invention, 2 ⁇ m to 8 ⁇ m is preferable because of the strength of the pellicle film and the ease of forming a uniform film.
- the above polymer is made into a polymer solution by using a suitable solvent (ketone, ester, alcohol, fluorine, etc.).
- ester systems such as ethyl lactate are preferred.
- the polymer solution is filtered through a depth filter, a membrane filter or the like as necessary.
- the polymer solution film forming method includes a spin coating method, a roll coating method, a knife coating method, a casting method, and the like, but the spin coating method is preferable from the viewpoint of uniformity and foreign matter management.
- a uniform film is formed by drying the solvent by hot plate, clean oven, (far) infrared heating or the like, if necessary.
- synthetic quartz, fused quartz, alkali-free glass, low alkali glass, soda lime glass, or the like can be used. Since the substrate for film formation of the large pellicle according to the present invention is large, the film formation substrate may be cracked due to temperature spots during drying. In order to prevent this, the thermal expansion coefficient of the film formation substrate is preferably as small as possible. It is particularly preferred linear expansion coefficient at 0 ° C. ⁇ 300 ° C. is not more than 50 ⁇ 10- 7 m / °C.
- the surface of the substrate for film formation may be subjected to a mold release process in advance using a material such as silicone or fluorine.
- a layer having a lower refractive index than the pellicle film that is, an antireflection layer
- Teflon AF (trade name) manufactured by Du Pont, a fluorinated polymer (terpolymer of tetrafluoroethylene-vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene, a polymer having a cyclic structure in the main chain) is used as an antireflection layer material.
- Asahi Glass's Cytop (trade name), Augmont's Algoflon (trade name), polyfluoroacrylate, etc.), calcium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, barium fluoride and other low refractive index materials are used.
- the antireflection layer can be formed by a spin coating method similar to that described above in the case of a polymer, and by a thin film formation method such as vacuum deposition or sputtering in the case of an inorganic material. From the viewpoint of foreign matter, a spin coating method using a polymer solution is preferable. Since Teflon AF (trade name) manufactured by Du Pont and Algoflon (trade name) manufactured by Augmond have a low refractive index, they have a high antireflection effect and are preferable.
- the pellicle film formed on the film formation substrate as described above may be peeled off from the film formation substrate by a temporary frame in which an adhesive material is attached to aluminum alloy, stainless steel, resin, etc. good. Further, after bonding a desired pellicle frame on the film formation substrate, it may be peeled off from the film formation substrate.
- the large pellicle film thus obtained is attached with an adhesive while tension is applied to the pellicle frame.
- the tension of the film is in an appropriate range, the large pellicle film is prevented from being poorly exposed due to its own weight or the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the large pellicle film, which prevents the film surface of the large pellicle film from expanding or denting in the vertical direction. I can do it.
- the foreign matter adhered to the pellicle film is removed by air blow, the problem that the pellicle film vibrates greatly and it is difficult to remove the foreign matter can be solved.
- the pellicle film since the height of the pellicle film changes depending on the location, the pellicle film It is possible to solve the problem that the foreign matter inspection machine does not function normally, and to solve the problem of causing an error in the optical height measurement of the pellicle film. In addition, it is possible to ensure follow-up performance with respect to atmospheric pressure fluctuations inside and outside the large pellicle.
- the film adhesive for adhering the pellicle film and the pellicle frame is appropriately selected depending on the material of the pellicle film and the material of the pellicle frame.
- an epoxy, acrylic, silicone or fluorine adhesive is used.
- the hardening method (thermal curing, photocuring, anaerobic hardening etc.) suitable for each adhesive agent is employ
- the mask adhesive for attaching the pellicle frame to the photomask is a hot-melt type (rubber-based or acrylic-based) that has adhesive force on itself, and a tape-based (base material) with adhesive material applied to both sides of the base material.
- a hot-melt type rubber-based or acrylic-based
- base material base material
- Acrylic, PVC, etc. sheets or rubber, polyolefin, urethane, etc. foams can be applied, and rubber, acrylic, silicone, etc. adhesive materials are used as adhesives)
- a relatively soft hot-melt material or foam is suitable as the mask adhesive material in order to uniformly apply the pellicle to the photomask with a low load.
- foam dust generation from the foam can be prevented by covering the cross section with an acrylic or vinyl acetate adhesive material or a non-adhesive material.
- the thickness of the mask adhesive is usually 0.2 mm or more, but is preferably 1 mm or more for uniform sticking to the photomask.
- a polyester film that has been subjected to a release treatment with silicone or fluorine is used.
- the case for transporting the pellicle is made by injection molding or vacuum molding a material such as acrylic, ABS, PVC, or PET. These materials may be kneaded with an antistatic agent in order to prevent electrification, or a polymer having an antistatic structure (BAYON (trademark) manufactured by Kureha, ADION (trademark) manufactured by Asahi Kasei) may be used.
- BAYON trademark
- ADION trademark
- the case for the super-large pellicle according to the present invention is provided with a rib structure on the case lid, the tray, or both so that the case is not distorted during transportation and the pellicle is damaged in the case. It is preferable to increase.
- the longest side length of 1.4 m to 2 mm is formed by forming gripping convex portions or concave portions on all the side portions of the pellicle frame so as not to be restricted by the photomask. It is also possible to achieve gripping of a 1 m large pellicle.
- the short side is wider than the long side, it is easy to form a grip convex part and concave part on the short side.
- the pellicle frame of the second invention is such that the length of the long side of the photomask is not less than the length of the long side of the pellicle frame, the length of the long side of the pellicle frame +150 mm or less, and the length of the short side of the photomask is the short side of the pellicle frame.
- the photomask with a pellicle frame short side length of +200 mm or less can be particularly suitably followed.
- the thickness of the photomask only needs to be thick enough to withstand the weight of the pellicle frame after the pellicle frame is attached (so that the photomask is not damaged).
- soda lime glass, non-alkali glass, low alkali glass, quartz glass, and the like can be considered as the material of the photomask, but the pellicle frame of the second invention can suitably follow without depending on the material of the photomask. it can.
- the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples.
- the super large pellicle frame 1 has the length (La) of the long side 1a, the length (Lb) of the short side 1b, the area inside the frame (effective area), and the thickness of the frame as shown in Table 1 to Table 9. What was shown in (1) was used.
- Table 1 to Table 9 show the width (Wa) of the long side 1a and the width (Wb) of the short side 1b of the pellicle frame.
- the material of the pellicle frame was aluminum alloy, and the frame had a rectangular cross section.
- the pellicle frame used was a microcrack-free product that had been subjected to black alumite treatment. Therefore, performance evaluation of an actual pellicle was performed using the frame as described above.
- the pellicle film As the pellicle film, a polymer solution of cellulose ester is applied on a low alkali glass, and a main film is formed by spin coating. Next, a 4 ⁇ m-thick pellicle film in which a fluoropolymer solution is applied onto the film by spin coating to form an antireflection layer is uniformly used. The obtained pellicle film is spread and stuck on the pellicle frame. Here, the presence or absence of wrinkles generated when the pellicle film was stretched and bonded to the pellicle frame was evaluated (results of wrinkle generation during film extension). The evaluation results are shown in Tables 1 to 9. In the evaluation results, “ ⁇ ” indicates no wrinkles, “ ⁇ ” indicates that the film is slightly wavy when viewed closely, and “ ⁇ ” indicates that the wrinkles are slightly wrinkled.
- the pellicle frame body on which the pellicle film was stretched and bonded was attached to quartz glass.
- a 1.2 mm thick styrene ethylene butylene styrene rubber-based hot-melt adhesive material was used as the mask adhesive material, and this hot-melt adhesive material was applied to the mask adhesive surface of the pellicle frame to obtain quartz glass. Affixed at a predetermined position. Each member was subjected to ultrasonic cleaning before use.
- the size of the quartz glass was made into the long side length + 50mm of the pellicle which sticks the long side of quartz glass, and the short side length + 100mm of the pellicle which sticks the short side of quartz glass. Table 17 shows the size and thickness of the quartz glass used.
- the flexibility of the pellicle frame was evaluated by measuring the followability of the pellicle to the mask.
- the pellicle attached to the mask is left floating in the air while holding the two short sides of the mask with the surface on which the pellicle is attached facing down, and the pellicle follows the deflection caused by the weight of the mask. It was evaluated with the followability of whether or not.
- the evaluation results are shown in Tables 1 to 9.
- follow-up evaluation criteria are ⁇ ⁇ '' when there is no change within one year after mask attachment, ⁇ ⁇ '' when there is a slight lift at the bonded part, ⁇ X '' when there is an air pass It was evaluated.
- the pellicle frame body of the present invention has appropriate rigidity and flexibility.
- the rigidity of the pellicle frame body is determined by the presence or absence of wrinkles generated when the pellicle film is spread on the pellicle frame body, and the wrinkle generated during the subsequent handling of the pellicle.
- the flexibility is evaluated by visually judging the presence or absence of the pellicle attached to the mask with the two sides of the mask held in the air with the surface to which the pellicle is attached facing down. It was evaluated by following whether the pellicle follows the deflection caused by the weight of the mask.
- Table 10 shows the length (La) of the long side 1a, the length (Lb) of the short side 1b, and the area inside the frame (effective area) of the frame 1 for the super-large pellicle used in the examples and comparative examples.
- Table 16 shows the width (Wa) of the long side 1a, the width (Wb) of the short side 1b, and the thickness of the pellicle frame of the pellicle frame.
- the material of the pellicle frame was aluminum alloy, and the frame had a rectangular cross section.
- the pellicle frame used was a microcrack-free product that had been subjected to black alumite treatment. Therefore, performance evaluation was actually performed using the above-mentioned pellicle frame body.
- As the pellicle film a polymer solution of cellulose ester was applied on low alkali glass, and a main film was formed by spin coating.
- a 4 ⁇ m-thick pellicle film in which a fluoropolymer solution was applied onto the film by spin coating to form an antireflection layer was uniformly used.
- the obtained pellicle film was spread and stuck on the pellicle frame.
- the handling of the pellicle frame was carried out by gripping a part of each side of a set of short sides.
- the presence or absence of wrinkles generated when the pellicle film was stretched and bonded to the pellicle frame was evaluated (results of wrinkle generation during film extension).
- the evaluation results are shown in Tables 10 to 16. In the evaluation results, “ ⁇ ” indicates no wrinkles, “ ⁇ ” indicates that the film is slightly wavy when viewed closely, and “ ⁇ ” indicates that the wrinkles are slightly wrinkled.
- the pellicle frame body on which the pellicle film was stretched and bonded was attached to quartz glass.
- a 1.2 mm thick styrene ethylene butylene styrene rubber-based hot-melt adhesive material was used as the mask adhesive material, and this hot-melt adhesive material was applied to the mask adhesive surface of the pellicle frame to obtain quartz glass. Affixed at a predetermined position. Each member was subjected to ultrasonic cleaning before use.
- the size of the quartz glass was made into the long side length + 50mm of the pellicle which sticks the long side of quartz glass, and the short side length + 100mm of the pellicle which sticks the short side of quartz glass. Table 17 shows the size and thickness of the quartz glass used.
- a series of handling processes refers to a handling process consisting of a transport process after an assembly (pellicle film expansion / adhesion) process ⁇ inspection process ⁇ packaging process ⁇ shipping process ⁇ removing process ⁇ attaching process to a photomask. .
- the pellicle In the transport process after the assembly process, the pellicle is transported to the inspection process by gripping the vicinity of the four corners on the short side of the pellicle frame with a gripping force that does not drop the pellicle using the in-process transport holder. At this time, the pellicle is carried to the inspection process with the long side parallel to the ground and the short side perpendicular to the ground. In the inspection process, inspection is performed through one vertical rotation about the horizontal axis of the pellicle, one horizontal rotation about the vertical axis, and one 90 degree rotation on the pellicle film plane around the center of the pellicle film. Do.
- the pellicle is carried with the long side of the pellicle parallel to the ground and the short side perpendicular to the ground.
- the pellicle is stored in the pellicle storage container with the in-process transport holder attached. Thereafter, the in-process transport holder is removed in the storage container, and only the pellicle is stored in the storage container.
- the shipping process normal transportation assuming truck transportation is performed. At this time, the storage container is kept horizontal.
- the pellicle is taken out from the storage container in a state where the pellicle frame is horizontal with the ground.
- the pellicle frame near the four corners on the short side is gripped with a gripping force that does not cause the pellicle to fall.
- the pellicle frame is held horizontally with the ground and the pellicle frame is gripped around the four corners on the short side of the pellicle frame with a gripping force that does not drop the pellicle.
- Affix with pellicle mask adhesive The sticking force is firmly attached with a sticking force that does not change the outer shape of the pellicle even after sticking.
- the evaluation results are shown in Tables 10 to 16. The evaluation criteria are the same as when the pellicle frame is stretched and bonded.
- the evaluation results are shown in Table 10 to Table 16 (following evaluation results).
- the follow-up evaluation standard is that after the pellicle mask is attached, the pellicle-attached surface is down and left in the air while holding the two short sides of the mask. The case where there was no air gap was evaluated as “ ⁇ ”, the case where a slight float occurred in the bonded portion was evaluated as “ ⁇ ”, and the case where an air path occurred was evaluated as “X”.
- the pellicle frame, pellicle, and method of using the pellicle frame of the present invention it is used in the photolithography process of a large-sized color TFT LCD (thin film transistor liquid crystal display) capable of high-quality and high-definition display that has been developed in recent years. Applicable to large photomasks and reticles.
- TFT LCD thin film transistor liquid crystal display
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Abstract
Description
従来、半導体回路パターン等の製造に於いては、一般にペリクルと呼ばれる防塵手段を用いて、フォトマスクやレティクルへの異物の付着を防止することが行われている。ペリクルは、例えばフォトマスク或いはレティクルの形状に合わせた形状を有する厚さ数ミリ程度の枠体の上面に、厚さ10μm以下のニトロセルロース或いはセルロース誘導体或いはフッ素ポリマーなどの透明な高分子膜(以下、ペリクル膜という)を展張して接着し、かつ該枠体の下面に粘着材を塗着すると共に、この粘着材上に所定の接着力で保護フィルムを粘着させたものである。
このようなペリクルは、一般的には、ペリクルを製造するメーカーから、フォトマスク或いはレティクルを製造するメーカーに供給され、そこで、ペリクルをフォトマスク或いはレティクルに貼付の後、半導体メーカー、パネルメーカー、等のリソグラフィーを行うメーカーに供給される。
近年では各種のマルチメディアの普及により高画質、高精細表示が可能な大型のカラーTFTLCD(薄膜トランジスタ液晶ディスプレイ)が求められている。それに伴い、フォトリソグラフィ工程で使用される大型のフォトマスクやレティクルに適用出来る大型のペリクルが要望されている。
それは、近年の更なる大型化はフォトマスクやレティクル(以下、単にマスクと称する)自体にも大型化が要求されていることとなり、これまでのマスクの大型化では問題となっていなかったマスク自体の更なる大型化によるマスク自身の自重による撓みの問題である。
即ち、ペリクルはマスクに密着した状態で使用されるため、マスクの撓みにペリクルが追従できない場合には、マスクとペリクルとの貼り付け面が剥離してその間にエアパスが生じてしまい、ペリクルの使用による効果が得られないことが問題となっている。特に、マスク等に粘着後のペリクルは、作業工程上、マスクの短辺側を把持してペリクルごとハンドリングする場合が多いため、長辺側のマスク等の撓みにペリクルの枠体が追従することが求められている。
このようにマスクの超大型化は、それに用いる超大型ペリクルに対して新たなる課題を生じさせているのである。
本発明は、ペリクルの超大型化によって生じた新たなる課題を解決せんとするものであって、第1の発明は、ペリクル枠体が、ペリクル膜を展張して接着する時に枠体が歪むことなく、さらに、ペリクルをマスクに貼着後もマスク自身の自重による撓みに対してペリクル枠体自身が追従することを解決課題とするものである。
更に、超大型ペリクルには、ペリクル枠体にペリクル膜を展張して接着した後、マスクに貼着けるまでのハンドリングの際にも枠体が歪むことがないという特性も同時に求められる。第2の発明は、ペリクル枠体が、ペリクル膜を展張して接着する時に枠体が歪むことなく、且つ、ペリクル枠体にペリクル膜を展張して接着した後、マスクに貼着けるまでのハンドリングの際にも枠体が歪むことなく、さらに、ペリクルをマスクに貼着後もマスク自身の自重による撓みに対してペリクル枠体自身が追従することを解決課題とするものである。
また、本発明者らは、ペリクル枠体の短辺1bの幅Wbを長辺1aの幅Waに対して特定の割合で広くすることで上記課題を解決できることを見出し本発明の第2の発明を完成するに至った。
即ち、本発明は、以下の通りである。
(1) 矩形のペリクル枠体であって、該ペリクル枠体の歪み性αが0.06%以下、下記、一般式(1)で表される該ペリクル枠体各辺の追従性βが3mm以上、該ペリクル枠体長辺の追従性βが32mm以下であり、且つ、枠体の長辺の長さが1400mm以上、2100mm以下、そして、該ペリクル枠体の内側の面積が15000cm2以上、であるペリクル枠体。
β=(1/ペリクルの撓み量)×厚み×幅 (1)
(2) 該ペリクル枠体の短辺の幅が長辺の幅の1.05倍以上、1.50倍以下であることを特徴とする(1)に記載のペリクル枠体。
(3) 矩形のペリクル枠体であって、該ペリクル枠体の長辺の幅Waが13.0mm以上、30.0mm以下、短辺の幅Wbが、長辺の幅Waに対してWb/Waが1.05以上、1.50以下であり、長辺の長さが、1400mm以上、2100mm以下、枠体の内側の面積が16000cm2以上であるペリクル枠体。
(4) 該ペリクル枠体を構成する材料がアルミニウム或いはその合金である(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載のペリクル枠体。
(5) ペリクル枠体の表面がアルマイト処理、黒色化処理及びアルマイト処理で形成されたミクロな孔の開口部の封孔処理が施されており、実質的にマイクロクラックがない(1)~(4)のいずれかに記載のペリクル枠体。
(6) (1)~(5)のいずれかに記載のペリクル枠体にペリクル膜を展張して得られたペリクル。
(7) (6)に記載のペリクルのペリクル枠体の対向する一組の短辺の、各々の短辺の少なくとも一箇所ずつを把持してペリクルをマスクに貼着し、その後、該ペリクルが貼着されたマスクを露光処理に使用するペリクル枠体の使用方法。
更に第2の発明はペリクル枠体にペリクル膜を展張して接着した後、マスクに貼着けるまでのハンドリングの際にも枠体が歪むことがない。
尚、本発明のペリクル枠体は、超大型ペリクルの場合に効果が顕著となり、具体的には、有効面積15000cm2以上の超大型ペリクルの場合に、顕著な効果を奏する。
本発明のペリクル枠体の形状は、マスク形状と相似の矩形である。ペリクル枠体の長辺とは、枠体の最も長い辺のことを指し、ペリクル枠体の短辺とは、枠体の最も短い辺のことを指す。より具体的に説明すると、長方形の場合は、直交する2辺のうち長いほうが長辺、短いほうが短辺であり、正方形の場合は、4辺とも同じ長さである。正方形の場合は、任意の辺を長辺、短辺と定義してもよい。
[(支持後の長さL2/初期状態の長さL1)-1]×100 (%) (2)
尚、矩形のペリクル枠体には4辺が存在するため、各辺について同様の測定をし、最も歪み性αが大きい数値をもってペリクル枠体の歪み性αとすることとする。また、辺の幅が上面と底面で異なる場合は、より辺の幅が広い方の面を下にして歪み性αを測定するものとする。ペリクル枠体の歪み性αは下限が0%以上であれば構わないが、上限は0.06%以下であり、好ましくは0.02%以下、最も好ましくは0.01%以下である。
β=(1/ペリクルの撓み量)×厚み×幅 (1)
先ず、図5に示すようにペリクル枠体1における追従性βを測定しない対向する2辺の下面を台20により支持する。このとき、追従性βを測定しない方の辺全域を下から支持し、ペリクル枠体1の端から15mmの箇所まで支持する。例えば、ペリクル枠体1の短辺を測定するときは、長辺が撓まないように、長辺全域を下から台20で支持する。ペリクル枠体1の長辺を測定するときは、短辺全域を下から台20で支持する。この状態で、10分間保持した後、図4Bに示すように、測定しようとする辺の最も撓んだ部分の初期状態の位置からの変化量を測定して、その変化量をペリクルの撓み量ΔTとする。そして、その撓み量ΔTの逆数に、測定しようとする辺の厚みと幅を乗じて追従性βとする。この追従性βの測定は、ペリクル枠体1のすべての辺について行われる。また、辺の幅が上面と底面で異なる場合は、より辺の幅が広い方の面を下にして追従性βを測定するものとする。
追従性βの測定は、上記歪み性αの測定と同時に行われる。
この追従性βは、ペリクル枠体の撓みがマスクの撓みにどのくらい追従できるかを示す柔軟性を表す指標である。従って、数値が小さいほど追従性が高いといえるのであるが、追従性が高すぎると、ペリクル膜展張時やハンドリング時にシワが発生してしまうこととなるので、上記範囲にあることが必要とされる。
ペリクル枠体の幅は、好ましくは13mm以上が良く、より好ましくは14mm以上、さらに好ましくは16mm以上である。一方の上限は、好ましくは30mm以下、より好ましくは25mm以下、さらに好ましくは19mm以下がよい。尚、幅は長辺、短辺何れの辺の幅とも同じであってもよく、各々独立の幅であっても構わない。
なお、ペリクル枠体の辺の幅とは、例えば図2、図3に示すように幅Wa、Wbのような各辺の最大幅をいう。
ペリクル枠体各辺の断面形状としては、矩形、H型、T型等、特に限定は無いが、矩形形状が最も好ましい。断面は中空構造であっても良い。
本発明のペリクル枠体は、超大型になるほど顕著な効果を奏し、具体的には、ペリクル枠体の長辺の長さが、1400mm以上、特に1700mm以上、2100mm以下であって、ペリクル有効面積が16000cm2以上、24000cm2以上、特に25000cm2以上の場合に顕著な効果を奏する。
尚、本発明のペリクル枠体は大型であれば顕著な効果を奏するのであるが、TFTLCDの製造に用いるマスク等に要求されている大きさから、有効面積の上限は35000cm2であれば十分である。
尚、上記の各鋼材は磁性材料のため磁石で固定出来、特に大型ペリクルの枠体の場合、加工作業が良くなり好ましく用いられる。ペリクル枠体の表面に、黒色クロムメッキ、黒色アルマイト、黒色塗装等の黒色化処理を施すことも出来る。
ペリクル用の支持枠としては一般に5000系のアルミニウム合金を用いることが多いので、アルミニウム合金を例にあげて説明する。
一般的な黒色アルマイト処理は、アルミニウム合金でペリクル支持枠を成形後、アルマイト処理し、この処理により発生した微細な孔を黒色化剤で封入処理し、そしてその微細孔をふさぐ封孔処理を施して黒色アルマイト処理がなされる。しかし、このようにして一般的な方法で作られた支持枠の表面を、電子顕微鏡で観察すると、細かいひびわれ(マイクロクラック)の発生が確認される。このようなマイクロクラックはパターンの微細化が進展し、配線幅が一層狭くなると、該クラックに入り込んだ極く小さい異物の落下も問題となる。そこで、このようなマイクロクラックの発生を防止する方法として以下のような方法をとることが好ましい。
この時の封孔によりアルマイト膜表面の微細な孔が埋められアルマイト膜は緻密になっていくのであるが、封孔の温度を100℃より若干低い温度、例えば70~95℃、より好ましくは80~90℃で封孔処理を行えば、極めて均一な表面性を有し、実質的にマイクロクラックのないペリクル枠体を作ることができる。
尚、マイクロクラックの有無の判断は、支持枠表面を電子顕微鏡にて1000倍に拡大した写真において10cm(実寸法0.1mm)の直線を引き、その直線に交差するクラック数を計算する。クラックの幅は、その電子顕微鏡写真で観察できるもの、即ちクラック幅0.1μm以上のものを計数する。この数値が多いほどクラックが高密度で存在すると判断する。
また、必要に応じてペリクル枠体の内部と外部を貫通する微細な穴を開けて、ペリクルとフォトマスクで形成された空間の内外の気圧差がなくなるようにすると、膜の膨らみや凹みを防止出来る。
また、この時、微細な穴の外側に異物除去フィルターを取り付けると、気圧調整が可能な上、ペリクルとフォトマスクで形成された空間の中に異物が侵入することを防げるので好ましい。
本発明のペリクル枠体は、上記の要件を満足することで適度な剛性と柔軟性を兼ね備えることが可能となるため、ペリクル膜を展張することによる枠体の歪がなく、ペリクルを単独でハンドリングする場合の撓みはもちろん、その後の、マスクへ貼り付け後のハンドリングにおけるマスク自身の撓みにも追従することが可能である。その結果、ペリクルにシワが生じず、かつ、マスクの撓みにも追従できるので、エアパスが生じることもないといった優れた効果を奏するものである。
例えば、図1、図2及び図3に示すペリクル枠体1の長辺1a及び短辺1bが同じ幅Wa,Wbとした場合、ペリクル膜2の貼着面1a1,1b1の幅Wc,Wdとの間に、Wa=Wb>Wc=Wdである関係を満足する構造を上げることができる。このように、ペリクル枠体1の幅Wa,Wbが貼着面の幅Wc、Wdより広い構造を用いると、ペリクル膜2とペリクル枠体1の接着剤は、接着剤塗布装置、例えばX-Yディスペンサーロボット等を用いて定量的に塗布できるので、貼着面全体に均一に接着剤を塗布することができる。また、貼着幅が枠体1の幅より狭く設定されることにより、接着剤の塗り斑、塗り残しを抑制することができ、その結果、塗り斑、塗り残し部分の空間に異物が堆積することを防ぐことが出来る。また、Wc=Wdであると、塗布量を長辺と短辺で変更せずに辺全体を塗布することができ、好ましい。
以上のようにペリクル枠体1の幅とペリクル膜貼着面の幅との間にWa=Wb>Wc=Wdなる差を設けることにより、接着剤が枠体1の膜貼着面1b1をはみ出して枠体1の内周部へ垂れることを防止する効果もある。なお、Wa=Wbの場合を説明したが、ペリクル枠体1の長辺1aと短辺1bが同じ幅Wa,Wbでなくても、Wa>Wc、Wb>Wdであれば上記効果を得ることができ、また、Wc=Wdであると、塗布量を長辺と短辺で変更せずに辺全体を塗布することが出来るため、好ましい。
以上、第1の発明のペリクル枠体の構成について説明した。
なお、ペリクル枠体の辺の幅とは、例えば図2、図3に示すように幅Wa、Wbのような各辺の最大幅をいう。
ペリクル枠体各辺の断面形状としては、矩形、H型、T型等、特に限定は無いが、矩形形状が最も好ましい。断面は中空構造であっても良い。
その結果、ペリクル膜をペリクル枠体に展張する時に生じるペリクル枠体の歪みのためペリクル有効面積を低下させることなく、マスクの撓みにも追従できるので、エアパスが生じることもないといった優れた効果を奏するものである。
さらに、短辺側が長辺に比較して幅広であることよりペリクルのハンドリング時にペリクル枠体の短辺側が把持しやすくなる。その結果、マスクのハンドリング時の把持部分と同じ側からペリクルのハンドリングを行いやすくなることで作業効率が向上する。
通常、ペリクル膜2とペリクル枠体1の接着剤は、接着剤塗布装置、例えばX-Yディスペンサーロボット等を用いて塗布される。この場合、長辺1aと短辺1bでの単位長さ当たりの接着剤塗布量は同じであるため、Wc<Wdであると、ペリクル膜2をペリクル枠体1に貼り付けた際に、長辺1aでは接着剤量が多くなってしまい、接着剤が枠体1の膜貼着面1a1をはみ出して枠体1の内周部へ垂れることがある。
かかる観点から、上述のように、長辺1aと短辺1bの膜貼着面1a1,1b1の幅Wc,Wdを略等しくすることで、従来通りの簡単な接着剤塗布装置を用いても、より好ましいペリクルが得られる。
尚、この傾斜面を設けることにより、接着剤が枠体の内周部へ垂れることを防止することが出来る。傾斜面はペリクル枠体の剛性、柔軟性に影響を与えない程度の大きさであることが好ましい。
ペリクル膜としては、セルロース誘導体(ニトロセルロース、セルロースアセテート、セルロースアセテートプロピオネート、セルロースアセテートブチレート等、あるいはこれら2種以上の混合物)、フッ素系ポリマー(テトラフルオロエチレン-ビニリデンフルオライド-ヘキサフルオロプロピレンの3元コポリマー、主鎖に環状構造を持つポリマーであるデュ・ポン社製のテフロンAF(商品名)、旭硝子社製のサイトップ(商品名)、アウジモント社製のアルゴフロン(商品名)等)等のポリマー等が用いられる。
ペリクル膜が撓んだりしわが入ると、ペリクル膜に付着した異物をエアブローで除去する時に、該ペリクル膜が大きく振動し除去し難い。また、ペリクル膜の高さが場所により変わるために、ペリクル膜の異物検査機が正常に機能しない。また、ペリクル膜の光学的高さ測定に誤差を及ぼす等の問題が生じる。
現在用いられている一括露光液晶露光機の光源である超高圧水銀ランプに対しては、耐光性やコストの点から、セルロースアセテートプロピオネートやセルロースアセテートブチレートが好ましく使用される。
ペリクル膜の膜厚は、0.5μm~10μm程度が好適であり、本発明に係る大型ペリクルでは、ペリクル膜の強度や均一な膜の作り易さから、2μm~8μmが好ましい。上記のポリマーは、夫々に適した溶媒(ケトン系、エステル系、アルコール系、フッ素系等)により、ポリマー溶液とする。
上記のセルロースアセテートプロピオネートやセルロースアセテートブチレートに対しては、乳酸エチル等のエステル系が好ましい。ポリマー溶液は必要に応じてデプスフィルター、メンブレンフィルター等により濾過される。
本発明に係る大型ペリクルの成膜用の基板のサイズは大きいので、乾燥時の温度斑により成膜基板が割れることがある。これを防ぐために、成膜用基板の熱膨張係数は小さいほど好ましい。特に、0℃~300℃における線膨張係数が50×10-7m/℃以下であることが好ましい。
反射防止層の材料としては、フッ素系ポリマー(テトラフルオロエチレン-ビニリデンフルオライド-ヘキサフルオロプロピレンの3元コポリマー、主鎖に環状構造を持つポリマーであるデュ・ポン社製のテフロンAF(商品名)、旭硝子社製のサイトップ(商品名)、アウジモント社製のアルゴフロン(商品名)、ポリフルオロアクリレート等)や、フッ化カルシウム、フッ化マグネシウム、フッ化バリウム等屈折率の低い材料が使用される。
上記により成膜基板上に形成されたペリクル膜は、アルミニウム合金、ステンレススチール、樹脂等に粘着材を貼り付けた仮枠により、成膜基板から剥がし取って所望のペリクル枠体に貼り替えても良い。また成膜基板上で所望のペリクル枠体を接着後、成膜基板から剥がし取っても良い。
膜の張力が適度な範囲にあると、大型ペリクル膜がその自重や大型ペリクル膜内外の気圧差により大型ペリクル膜の膜面の鉛直方向に膨らんだり凹んだりするのを抑制して露光不良を防止することが出来る。また、ペリクル膜に付着した異物をエアブローで除去する時に該ペリクル膜が大きく振動し、異物を除去し難いという問題を解決出来、更には、ペリクル膜の高さが場所により変わるために該ペリクル膜の異物検査機が正常に機能しないという問題を解決出来、また、ペリクル膜の光学的高さ測定に誤差を及ぼすといった問題を解決出来る。また大型ペリクル内外の気圧変動に対する追従性能を確保することが出来る。
また、接着剤の硬化方法は夫々の接着剤に適した硬化方法(熱硬化、光硬化、嫌気性硬化等)が採用される。発塵性、コスト、作業性の面から、アクリル系の紫外線硬化型接着剤が好ましい。
ペリクル枠体をフォトマスクに貼り付けるためのマスク粘着材には、それ自身に粘着力のあるホットメルト系(ゴム系、アクリル系)、基材の両面に粘着材を塗布したテープ系(基材としてアクリル系、PVC系等のシートあるいはゴム系、ポリオレフィン系、ウレタン系等のフォーム等が適用出来、粘着材としてゴム系、アクリル系、シリコーン系等の粘着材が適用される)等が使用される。
マスク粘着材の厚さは通常0.2mm以上とされるが、フォトマスクへの均一な貼付のために、好ましくは1mm以上とされる。上記マスク粘着材の粘着面をフォトマスクに貼り付けるまでの間保護するために、シリコーンやフッ素で離型処理されたポリエステルフィルムが使用される。
本発明に係る超大型ペリクル用のケースは、輸送中にケースが歪みケース内のペリクルのダメージを与えないように、ケースの蓋、トレイ、またはその両方にリブ構造を設け、外力に対する抵抗性を高めることが好ましい。
又、ペリクルの枠体は、確実に把持できることに加えて、その後の収納容器からのペリクルの取り出しに際し、枠体にたわみやねじれを生じさせることなく、取り出すことができる方法が要求されている。そして、特に、ペリクル自体が大きくなり、ハンドリングも困難となる大型ペリクルにおいては、収納・運搬・保管に際しては、確実な把持はもちろん、収納容器からの取り出しの際、取り出し後直接マスク等に貼り付けられるよう、保護フィルムと粘着材の界面からペリクルの歪み撓みを生じさせることなく取り出す方法が要求されている。
特に、第2の発明においては、短辺側が長辺側より幅広となっていることから、短辺側に把持用の凸部、凹部を形成しやすくなる。
以下に、より具体的に本発明を実施例をあげて説明する。
[実施例1~99、比較例1~71]
超大型ペリクル用枠体1は、長辺1aの長さ(La)、短辺1bの長さ(Lb)、枠体の内側の面積(有効面積)、枠体の厚みを表1から表9に示したものを用いた。又、ペリクル枠体の長辺1aの幅(Wa)、短辺1bの幅(Wb)を表1から表9に示したものとした。
尚、ペリクル枠体の材質としてはいずれもアルミ合金を用い、枠体の断面形状は長方形の形状のものを用いた。そして、用いたペリクル枠体は黒色アルマイト処理を施したマイクロクラックのない物であった。
そこで、上記のような枠体を用いて、実際のペリクルの性能評価を実施した。
ペリクル膜としては、セルロースエステルのポリマー溶液を低アルカリガラス上に塗布しスピンコートで主膜を形成する。
次いで、その膜上にフッ素ポリマー溶液をスピンコートで塗布して反射防止層を成膜した厚み4μmのペリクル膜を一様に用いる。得られたペリクル膜を上記ペリクル枠体に展張して貼着する。
ここで、ペリクル膜をペリクル枠体に展張して接着された時に発生するシワの有無を評価した(膜展張時のシワ発生結果)。評価結果は表1から表9に記載した。評価結果の表記は、「○」は全くシワがない状態、「△」は膜がよくみると少し波打っている状態、「×」は少しシワが入っている状態である。
尚、石英ガラスのサイズは、石英ガラスの長辺を貼着するペリクルの長辺長さ+50mm、石英ガラスの短辺を貼着するペリクルの短辺長さ+100mmとした。使用した石英ガラスのサイズと厚みを表17に記載した。
評価結果を表1から表9に記載する。追従性の評価基準は、マスク貼着後一年以内に、変化がなかった場合を「○」、接着部分にわずかに浮きが発生した場合を「△」、エアパスが生じた場合を「×」と評価した。
尚、上記と同様の規格を有するペリクル枠体を用いて上記と同様の条件でペリクル膜を展張して接着したサンプルを別に作成し、そのサンプルを用いて長辺を把持して上記した測定条件を用いて同じ辺の歪み性αと追従性βの測定を実施し、その結果を表1から表9に合わせて記載した。
総合評価は、「追従性の評価結果」「膜展張時のシワ発生結果」の何れも「○」の場合は「◎」、一つでも△があれば「○」、一つでも×があれば「×」とした。
先ず、本発明のペリクル枠体の評価方法について説明する。
本発明のペリクル枠体は適度な剛性と柔軟性を兼ね備えるものであるが、その剛性についてはペリクル膜をペリクル枠体に展張する時に生じるシワの有無、及び、その後のペリクルのハンドリング時に生じるシワの有無を目視判断することで評価し、柔軟性については、マスクに貼り付けられたペリクルを、ペリクルを貼り付けた面を下にしてマスクの2つの短辺を把持したまま空中に浮かせた状態で放置してマスクの自重による撓みにペリクルが追従していくかどうかの追従性をもって評価した。
実施例及び比較例で用いた超大型ペリクル用枠体1の、長辺1aの長さ(La)、短辺1bの長さ(Lb)、枠体の内側の面積(有効面積)を表10から表16に示した。又、ペリクル枠体の長辺1aの幅(Wa)、短辺1bの幅(Wb)、ペリクル枠体の厚みも表10から表16に示したものとした。
尚、ペリクル枠体の材質としてはいずれもアルミ合金を用い、枠体の断面形状は長方形の形状のものを用いた。そして、用いたペリクル枠体は黒色アルマイト処理を施したマイクロクラックのない物であった。
そこで、上記のような規格のペリクル用枠体を用いて実際に性能評価を実施した。
ペリクル膜としては、セルロースエステルのポリマー溶液を低アルカリガラス上に塗布しスピンコートで主膜を形成した。
ここで、ペリクル膜をペリクル枠体に展張して接着された時に発生するシワの有無を評価した(膜展張時のシワ発生結果)。評価結果は表10から表16に記載した。評価結果の表記は、「○」は全くシワがない状態、「△」は膜がよくみると少し波打っている状態、「×」は少しシワが入っている状態である。
尚、石英ガラスのサイズは、石英ガラスの長辺を貼着するペリクルの長辺長さ+50mm、石英ガラスの短辺を貼着するペリクルの短辺長さ+100mmとした。使用した石英ガラスのサイズと厚みを表17に記載した。
ここで一連のハンドリング工程とは、組立(ペリクル膜の展張・接着)工程後の搬送工程→検査工程→梱包工程→出荷工程→取り出し工程→フォトマスクへの貼り付け工程、からなるハンドリング工程を指す。組立工程後の搬送工程では、工程内運搬用ホルダーを用いてペリクル枠体短辺側のコーナー4点付近をペリクルが落ちない程度の把持力で把持して、ペリクルを検査工程にまで運ぶ。この際、ペリクルは長辺を地面と平行に、短辺を地面と垂直にした状態で検査工程まで運ぶ。検査工程では、ペリクルの水平軸周りの一回の上下回転、鉛直軸周りの一回の左右回転、ペリクル膜中心を軸としたペリクル膜平面上での一回の90度回転を経ながら検査を行う。梱包工程へは、ペリクルを、ペリクルの長辺を地面と平行に短辺を地面と垂直にした状態で運ぶ。梱包工程では、ペリクルを、工程内運搬用ホルダーをつけた状態でペリクル収納容器に収納する。その後、工程内運搬用ホルダーを収納容器内で取り外し、ペリクルのみを収納容器に収納する。出荷工程では、トラック輸送を想定した通常の輸送を行う。このとき、収納容器は水平に維持される。取り出し工程では、ペリクル枠体が地面と水平の状態で、ペリクルを収納容器から取り出す。取り出す際には、ペリクル枠体短辺側のコーナー4点付近をペリクルが落ちない程度の把持力で把持する。フォトマスクへの貼り付け工程では、ペリクル枠体が地面と水平の状態で、ペリクル枠体短辺側のコーナー4点付近をペリクルが落ちない程度の把持力で把持し、そのままペリクルを、マスクにペリクルのマスク粘着剤を介して貼り付ける。貼り付け力は、貼り付け後もペリクルの外形が変動しないような貼り付け力でしっかり貼り付ける。
評価結果は表10から表16に記載した。尚、評価基準についてはペリクル枠体に展張して接着された時と同じである。
さらに、柔軟性を上記したペリクルのマスクへの追従性の評価条件を使って評価した。評価結果を表10から表16に記載する(追従性の評価結果)。追従性の評価基準は、ペリクルのマスク貼着後、ペリクルを貼り付けた面を下にしてマスクの2つの短辺を把持したまま空中に浮かせた状態で放置し、一年以内に、変化がなかった場合を「○」、接着部分にわずかに浮きが発生した場合を「△」、エアパスが生じた場合を「×」と評価した。
総合評価は、「追従性の評価結果」「膜展張時のシワ発生結果」「ハンドリングによるシワ発生結果」の何れも「○」の場合は「◎」、一つでも△があれば「○」、一つでも×があれば「×」とした。
1a 長辺
2a 短辺
1a1、1b1 貼着面
1a2、1b2 平面状の傾斜面
2 ペリクル膜
10 大型ペリクル
Claims (7)
- 矩形のペリクル枠体であって、該ペリクル枠体の歪み性αが0.06%以下、下記、一般式(1)で表される該ペリクル枠体各辺の追従性βが3mm以上、該ペリクル枠体長辺の追従性βが32mm以下であり、且つ、枠体の長辺の長さが1400mm以上、2100mm以下、そして、該ペリクル枠体の内側の面積が15000cm2以上、であるペリクル枠体。
β=(1/ペリクルの撓み量)× 厚み×幅 (1) - 該ペリクル枠体の短辺の幅が長辺の幅の1.05倍以上、1.50倍以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のペリクル枠体。
- 矩形のペリクル枠体であって、該ペリクル枠体の長辺の幅Waが13.0mm以上、30.0mm以下、短辺の幅Wbが、長辺の幅Waに対してWb/Waが1.05以上、1.50以下であり、長辺の長さが、1400mm以上、2100mm以下、枠体の内側の面積が16000cm2以上であるペリクル枠体。
- 該ペリクル枠体を構成する材料がアルミニウム或いはその合金である請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のペリクル枠体。
- 前記ペリクル枠体の表面がアルマイト処理、黒色化処理及びアルマイト処理で形成されたミクロな孔の開口部の封孔処理が施されており、実質的にマイクロクラックがないことを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載のペリクル枠体。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載のペリクル枠体にペリクル膜を展張して得られたペリクル。
- 請求項6に記載のペリクルのペリクル枠体の対向する一組の短辺の、各々の短辺の少なくとも一箇所ずつを把持してペリクルをマスクに貼着し、その後、該ペリクルが貼着されたマスクを露光処理に使用するペリクル枠体の使用方法。
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| KR1020137010747A KR101390007B1 (ko) | 2008-09-12 | 2009-09-11 | 펠리클 프레임, 펠리클 및 펠리클 프레임의 사용 방법 |
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| KR20110034032A (ko) | 2011-04-04 |
| KR101390007B1 (ko) | 2014-04-29 |
| JP2012068667A (ja) | 2012-04-05 |
| TWI497197B (zh) | 2015-08-21 |
| CN102132210A (zh) | 2011-07-20 |
| CN102132210B (zh) | 2013-01-23 |
| KR101287700B1 (ko) | 2013-07-24 |
| JP5284445B2 (ja) | 2013-09-11 |
| TW201510638A (zh) | 2015-03-16 |
| CN102944973B (zh) | 2015-01-21 |
| TW201015213A (en) | 2010-04-16 |
| JPWO2010029997A1 (ja) | 2012-02-02 |
| CN102944973A (zh) | 2013-02-27 |
| JP4886070B2 (ja) | 2012-02-29 |
| TWI537674B (zh) | 2016-06-11 |
| KR20130049837A (ko) | 2013-05-14 |
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