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WO2010068140A1 - Procédé et dispositif de fusion par faisceau d'électrons ou plasmique de cristallisateur en cristallisateur - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de fusion par faisceau d'électrons ou plasmique de cristallisateur en cristallisateur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010068140A1
WO2010068140A1 PCT/RU2009/000678 RU2009000678W WO2010068140A1 WO 2010068140 A1 WO2010068140 A1 WO 2010068140A1 RU 2009000678 W RU2009000678 W RU 2009000678W WO 2010068140 A1 WO2010068140 A1 WO 2010068140A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
mold
charge
metal
melting
crystallizer
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Ceased
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PCT/RU2009/000678
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English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Анатолий Евгеньевич ВОЛКОВ
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/16—Remelting metals
    • C22B9/22—Remelting metals with heating by wave energy or particle radiation
    • C22B9/226—Remelting metals with heating by wave energy or particle radiation by electric discharge, e.g. plasma
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/16—Remelting metals
    • C22B9/22—Remelting metals with heating by wave energy or particle radiation
    • C22B9/228—Remelting metals with heating by wave energy or particle radiation by particle radiation, e.g. electron beams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B19/00—Combinations of different kinds of furnaces that are not all covered by any single one of main groups F27B1/00 - F27B17/00
    • F27B19/02—Combinations of different kinds of furnaces that are not all covered by any single one of main groups F27B1/00 - F27B17/00 combined in one structure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of foundry and can be used for casting any metals, including refractory and chemically active ones.
  • the main advantage of the plasma or electron beam method of melting into a flat crystallizer is the possibility of producing flat ingots of a sufficiently high quality cleaning up.
  • the main disadvantages include the complexity of the equipment, due to the need to place a moving mold inside the melting chamber, and, as a consequence, the need to make a significant size melting chamber.
  • the large size of the melting chamber leads to significant energy consumption for its evacuation and filling with argon.
  • the known method has a sufficiently long production cycle, does not provide the full penetration depth of the mixture and has limited possibilities of averaging the chemical composition of the mixture.
  • the closest technical solution is an industrial furnace for electron beam remelting with a cold hearth of the American company Johnson [A.A.
  • the resulting liquid metal drops or (with sufficient electron beam power) flow continuously from the cooled crucible into a sliding cooled crystallizer, forming an ingot of the required size.
  • Such a remelting method can also be referred to as electron beam remelting with an intermediate capacity or melting from a crystallizer to a crystallizer.
  • the known method for the purpose and scheme of its implementation is similar to the method of plasma remelting, widely used in industry.
  • a deeper purification of metal from gas impurities since the molten metal in a vacuum is retained for a long time, providing the necessary quality of metal refining.
  • the disadvantages of the known method and device for its implementation include the large overall dimensions of the mold and, accordingly, the large overall dimensions of the melting chamber, which requires significant energy consumption for evacuating the melting chamber and for drawing out evaporating gases and metals from the melting chamber.
  • Large overall dimensions of the melting chamber lead to heat loss during the melting process, require significant production areas for the placement and implementation of the melting process. Since a new portion of the charge constantly enters the cooled crucible, one or two guns are installed to melt it, and the crucible, at the end of which the metal is melted, is heated by its volume and, due to its considerable mass, takes part of the heat, and, therefore, excessively consumes part of the energy of the beam guns.
  • the molten metal is in a shallow crucible and, pouring into a cooled sliding mold, consumes heat at the stage of forming the ingot, which additionally leads to unproductive losses of thermal energy of one of the guns.
  • beam furnaces surpass all known metal melting furnaces, for example, titanium (vacuum-arc, plasma, induction, skull, etc.) with refining capabilities, but they do not allow to obtain a strictly regulated, uniformly distributed chemical composition along the length ingot.
  • the task was to reduce the size of the smelting plants and to increase the efficiency of the metal melting process by reducing energy consumption, increasing the volume of smelted metal, while reducing the production cycle and maintaining the refining properties of electron beam furnaces.
  • the claimed device for electron beam or plasma smelting of metal from a crystallizer into a mold which contains a vacuum melting chamber equipped with electron beam or plasma guns made with the possibility of moving their rays and placed in the upper part of the melting chamber, mold, one of which is designed for the charge, and the second for the ingot and is made cooled
  • the mold for the charge is located inside the melting chamber above the mold for the ingot and is shifted relative to the latter, providing the possibility of overflow of metal from the mold into the mold, characterized in that the melting chamber is made with a removable tray, the molds are installed in the melting chamber and mounted on a removable tray, while the mold for the ingot is fixed by the edges to the tray of the melting chamber so so that its upper part is connected to the mold with the melting chamber, and its lower part is under the melting chamber, the mold for the charge is installed n inside the melting chamber and is equipped with a groove that is made in the side of the mold for the charge from the side of the mold for the ingot, the
  • the melt from the crystallizer for the charge flows into the mold for the ingot (lower crystallizer) through a special groove, which is mainly made in the form of a slit.
  • the mold for the charge (upper mold) combines the functions of the charge container and the intermediate tank or the cooled crucible, and the groove, which is made in its side wall, is covered along its entire length with a plate of the same metal as the charge, but already refined. In this case, the mold groove for the charge does not reach a certain distance to its bottom, excluding the possibility of overflow of contaminants accumulating in the lower part of the mold for the charge.
  • the mold for the charge can be made almost completely overlapping the transverse plane of the melting chamber, with the exception of the sector that communicates with the mold for the ingot (bottom mold).
  • the inventive method of electron beam or plasma melting from a crystallizer to a crystallizer consists in loading a charge into a charge crystallizer located inside a vacuum melting chamber with a removable tray, melting the charge by heating it with electron beam guns or plasma torches to form a molten metal, the resulting molten metal is poured into the ingot mold, supported by its edges on a removable tray and located below and with an offset relative to the catalyst for I charge, the discharge of molten metal from the mold for the charge is carried out through a groove located in its side wall, by melting the corresponding sector of the removable plate covering the groove, while the removable plate is made of refined metal corresponding to the metal of the mixture, the melting of the plate is carried out sequentially from top to bottom as the formation of the molten metal in the mold for the charge, the molten metal in the mold for the ingot cooled with the formation of the ingot, and impurities accumulated on the bottom of the mold for the charge are removed.
  • the proposed method is periodic and its essence is that the charge is loaded into the crystallizer for the charge in full, and after evacuation of the melting chamber, the charge is sequentially melted by heating with electron beam guns or plasma torches.
  • it is refined from impurities, after which the refined melt is poured in portions into the mold for ingot.
  • the refined metal is drained into an ingot mold (lower mold) through a smelting plate made of the same refined metal.
  • the mold for the ingot is cooled and stationary, located outside the melting chamber, i.e. an ingot is formed during cooling of the mold.
  • the plate is laid in the mold for the charge (upper mold) is carried out before loading the charge.
  • Periodic scanning is carried out by appropriately controlling the beams of the electron beam guns or plasmatrons, so that the first line of the molten metal is formed in the direction from the melted plate to the opposite side of the mold for the charge.
  • the deposited metal bath from the cleaned plane of the upper mold merges into the mold for the ingot (lower mold).
  • the metal is drained due to the fact that only the part of the plate that corresponds to the depth of the melted and cleaned melt pool is melted with a beam or plasmatron.
  • the purified metal melt is poured into the ingot mold (lower mold) due to the fact that as a result of penetration a removable plate at an appropriate height of the side wall of the mold for the charge (upper mold), the groove opens at the level of the molten metal and the molten metal merges. The process is repeated until the metal is completely drained from the crystallizer for the charge (upper crystallizer). After the removable plate is melted along the entire length of the groove, the entire metal melt is poured into the ingot mold (lower mold), except for the metal that remains on the bottom of the mold for the charge (upper mold).
  • the manufacture of a groove with a length shorter than the height of the side wall of the mold for the charge prevents the ingot from becoming contaminated with impurities deposited on the bottom of the mold for the charge (upper mold).
  • the hydrodynamic cleaning method is used, in which heavy impurities settle on the bottom of the mold for the charge, since the groove does not reach its bottom vertically, forming a ledge that holds heavy impurities.
  • the metal is melted in such a way that the metal melt is cleaned of heavy and light inclusions on the approach to the removable plate.
  • the mold for the charge (upper mold) is displaced relative to the mold for the ingot (lower mold) so that the drain is located in its center or near the edge of the mold for the ingot (lower mold).
  • Both molds are mounted on a pallet of the melting chamber.
  • the removal of the pan with molds can be provided by stationary hydraulic and pneumatic devices or by independent mechanisms, for example, by driving up an electric car.
  • the place for sealing the melting chamber is mainly its connection to the pallet, which allows for good access to loading and unloading and to reduce the risk of leakage into the melting chamber. Unloading of crystallizers is carried out on the opposite side of the vacuum nozzle connected to the vacuum system.
  • the inventive method is carried out using the installation, the cross section A-A and a top view of which is shown in figure 1.
  • the device contains electron beam guns 1, the housing of each of which can be located at different angles with respect to the axis of the housing of the melting chamber 2, which is closed from below by a pallet 3, on which a cooled mold for the charge (upper mold) 4 is conical in shape and a mold for the ingot (lower mold) 5.
  • Crystallizers 4 and 5 are made of copper.
  • the melting chamber 2 with the pallet 3 are mounted using bolted connections, through the sealing vacuum rubber.
  • the mixture 6 is pressed or pressed into the briquette 6.
  • the crystallizers 4 and 5 are mounted on the pallet 3, the required vacuum is created in the melting chamber 2 through the pipe 7.
  • the charge melted by heating with an electron beam 8 to form a metal bath 9.
  • the charge 6 is melted over the entire area of the mold 4 for the charge, not reaching a certain distance to its perimeter, i.e. with the exception of the area located near the walls of the mold 4 for the charge.
  • the metal bath 9 emanating from one or more guns 1, is moved along the metal surface until the contour of the metal bath 9 reaches the walls of the mold 4 for the charge, i.e. the melting of the charge b is carried out in such a way that the beam 8 at the stage of forming the metal bath 9 does not melt the walls of the mold 4 for the charge.
  • the melt is poured into the mold 5 for ingot due to penetration by the beam 8 of a plate 10 made of the same metal as the charge 6, but only previously refined.
  • the plate 10 is installed in the mold 4 for the charge before loading the charge b, so as to overlap the vertical groove 11 made in the side wall of the mold 4 for the charge.
  • the groove 11 does not reach the bottom of the mold 4 for the charge, i.e. ends at a certain height d from the bottom of the mold 4.
  • the depth of penetration of the plate 10 and the opening of the groove 11 should be less than the depth of the melt bath h, about 20 ⁇ 30%.
  • the process is monitored using sensors 12, combined with security cameras installed in the body of the melting chamber 2.
  • the electron guns 1 should be installed in such a way in the melting chamber 2 so that they can most effectively overlap the surface in the mold 4, melt the plate 10 and heat, if necessary, the molten metal in the mold 5. 678
  • Figure 2 shows the inventive installation section B-B and a top view similar to the installation according to Fig. 1, characterized in that plasmatrons 1 are used for heating, and the crystallizer 4 is made V-shaped, which allows three to five times more metal to be accommodated in comparison with a round or cone-shaped crystallizer and allows filling almost the entire perimeter of the melting chamber 2 with the exception of a small sector through which the metal bath 9 is drained into the lower mold 5.
  • Figure 2 shows a sector with an angle of 90 ° through which the metal is drained, but this sector can also occupy a smaller angle. This design of the mold allows the metal to be cleaned not only of heavy and light inclusions, but also to clean metal and non-metallic inclusions present in the alloy due to zone melting.
  • beam 8 fusing a narrow strip 14, drives it from one wall of the mold 4 to the other from side A to C and from side B to D.
  • the melt strip always passes in one direction, like a light strip in the scanner, reaching sides C and D, beam 8 again begins to melt the metal from sides B and A.
  • the metal bath 9 is melted to a depth h, then the plate 10 is melted and the molten metal bath 9 merges into crist alligator 5 for the ingot.
  • FIG. 1 The technical result achieved by the claimed device (Fig. 1) is illustrated by the following comparative analysis with an electron beam furnace (known ELP) operated by Composite OJSC (Korolev, Moscow Region) - four electron beam guns of 250 each 678
  • ELP electron beam furnace
  • Composite OJSC Kelev, Moscow Region
  • the volume of the furnace is 10 m 3
  • the volume of the pipelines of the vacuum system is 12 m 3
  • the pumping time is 1.5 hours
  • the melting time is 1 hour
  • the cooling time is 1.5 hours, i.e. full cycle of the furnace - 4 hours.
  • Unloading-loading which is 1.5 hours, takes extra time.
  • the cost of the furnace is about 1 million € (36 million rubles), which consists of the cost of the main components listed in Table 1.
  • New ELP (table 1), which includes four electron beam guns, each with a power of 250 kW, a mold 4 for a charge with a diameter of 800 mm and a depth of 600 mm, a charge of a titanium charge with a tight package of 1000 kg. Due to the fact that all four guns can be aimed at smelting a metal bath, this will significantly increase the melting rate and will reduce the amount of energy due to lower heat losses.
  • the new ELP with the same number of guns 1 at the same time allows melt 1000 kg of titanium versus 210 kg (known ELP), i.e. the volume of smelted metal increases significantly.
  • the dimensions of the new EBL are Z ⁇ Zx 4m, while the dimensions of the known EBL are 15x 20 ⁇ 12m.
  • the rays 8 begin to melt the next layer of metal already heated to the melting point, located in the mold 4;
  • the inventive method allows to obtain ingots of round, square or rectangular shapes, to conduct the process with one or more guns (or plasmatrons), to carry out the melting process without the use of filling feed and exhaust devices for evaporating metal.
  • a mold for the charge (upper mold) combines the functions of a hopper and an intermediate tank. Due to the use of the possibility of deviation of the beam from the central axis, the design of the device is greatly simplified, without requiring the use of mechanisms for feeding the charge, moving the mold and drawing the ingot, which significantly increases reliability and significantly reduces the cost.
  • the inventive design has a minimum volume of the melting chamber, since the internal configuration of the cavity of this chamber occupies a space only for accommodating molds and moving the beam. This feature allows you to reduce the cost of installation design, reduce the cost of the vacuum system and reduce the time for pumping air from the melting chamber. Table 1

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte au domaine de la fonderie et peut être utilisée afin de couler de quelconques métaux, y compris des métaux réfractaires ou chimiquement actifs. La fusion par faisceau d'électrons ou plasmique de cristallisateur en cristallisateur se fait dans une chambre de fusion sous vide (2) équipée de canons à électrons ou plasmiques (1) capables de déplacer leurs faisceaux (8) et disposés dans la partie supérieure de la chambre de fusion (2), deux cristallisateurs (4, 5) dont un sert pour la fusion de charge (6) et l'autre pour le lingot (13) et est refroidissable. Le cristallisateur (4) est monté dans la chambre de fusion (2) au-dessus du cristallisateur (5) et est décalé par rapport à ce dernier, permettant ainsi l'écoulement du métal (9). Le cristallisateur (5) est fixé par les bords derrière la base (3) de la chambre de fusion (2) de sorte que le cristallisateur (5) communique avec la chambre de fusion (2) par sa partie supérieure, tandis que sa partie inférieure se situe sous la chambre de fusion. Le cristallisateur (4) comprend un canal (11) formé dans la partie latérale du cristallisateur (4) du côté où se situe le cristallisateur (5). Le canal (11) est fermé sur toute sa longueur par une plaque amovible (10) faite de métal raffiné correspondant au métal de la fusion de charge. La fusion de la charge (6) se fait en fonction de la purification locale en utilisant un faisceau de balayage périodique (8) de la surface du métal (9) en s'écartant de la plaque (10) et en direction du côté opposé du cristallisateur (4) pendant un temps prédéterminé.
PCT/RU2009/000678 2008-12-10 2009-12-09 Procédé et dispositif de fusion par faisceau d'électrons ou plasmique de cristallisateur en cristallisateur Ceased WO2010068140A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2008148779/02A RU2489506C2 (ru) 2008-12-10 2008-12-10 Способ и устройство электронно-лучевой или плазменной плавки металла из кристаллизатора в кристаллизатор
RU2008148779 2008-12-10

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107739844A (zh) * 2017-10-18 2018-02-27 云南钛业股份有限公司 空心锭的铸锭端面2枪电子束扫描花样的设置办法
CN107746971A (zh) * 2017-10-18 2018-03-02 云南钛业股份有限公司 一种用电子束冷床炉浇铸钛或钛合金空心锭的方法
US20220267878A1 (en) * 2019-08-01 2022-08-25 Dalian University Of Technology Method for Preparing High-purity Nickel-based Superalloy by Electron Beam Induced Refining and Casting Technology

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RU2598020C2 (ru) * 2012-02-08 2016-09-20 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Научно-производственная фирма "Рутений" Способ и устройство для производства слоистых слитков
RU2630138C2 (ru) * 2012-12-27 2017-09-05 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Научно-производственная фирма "Рутений" Способ плавки химически активных металлов и сплавов на их основе
RU2660784C2 (ru) * 2014-01-09 2018-07-09 Анатолий Евгеньевич Волков Устройство для плавки в вакууме тугоплавких и химически активных металлов
FR3082853B1 (fr) 2018-06-26 2020-09-04 Safran Aircraft Engines Procede de fabrication de lingots en compose metallique a base de titane
RU2753847C1 (ru) * 2020-10-12 2021-08-24 Публичное акционерное общество "Электромеханика" Способ и устройство для производства металлического слитка

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JPS6277429A (ja) * 1985-09-30 1987-04-09 Kobe Steel Ltd 電子ビ−ム溶解方法
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107739844A (zh) * 2017-10-18 2018-02-27 云南钛业股份有限公司 空心锭的铸锭端面2枪电子束扫描花样的设置办法
CN107746971A (zh) * 2017-10-18 2018-03-02 云南钛业股份有限公司 一种用电子束冷床炉浇铸钛或钛合金空心锭的方法
CN107739844B (zh) * 2017-10-18 2019-05-03 云南钛业股份有限公司 空心锭的铸锭端面2枪电子束扫描花样的设置办法
US20220267878A1 (en) * 2019-08-01 2022-08-25 Dalian University Of Technology Method for Preparing High-purity Nickel-based Superalloy by Electron Beam Induced Refining and Casting Technology
US11981978B2 (en) * 2019-08-01 2024-05-14 Dalian University Of Technology Method for preparing high-purity nickel-based superalloy by electron beam induced refining and casting technology

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RU2008148779A (ru) 2010-06-20
RU2489506C2 (ru) 2013-08-10

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