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WO2007106976A1 - Element de reseau d'antennes tripolaires - Google Patents

Element de reseau d'antennes tripolaires Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007106976A1
WO2007106976A1 PCT/CA2007/000386 CA2007000386W WO2007106976A1 WO 2007106976 A1 WO2007106976 A1 WO 2007106976A1 CA 2007000386 W CA2007000386 W CA 2007000386W WO 2007106976 A1 WO2007106976 A1 WO 2007106976A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plane
tri
antenna element
element according
elevation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CA2007/000386
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Stuart James Dean
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TenXc Wireless Inc
Original Assignee
TenXc Wireless Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by TenXc Wireless Inc filed Critical TenXc Wireless Inc
Publication of WO2007106976A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007106976A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H01Q13/106—Microstrip slot antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H01Q13/18—Resonant slot antennas the slot being backed by, or formed in boundary wall of, a resonant cavity ; Open cavity antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0075—Stripline fed arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0428—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
    • H01Q9/0457—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means electromagnetically coupled to the feed line

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to antenna elements and in particular to beamformed antenna elements.
  • an antenna may be comprised of an array of identical antenna elements mutually spatially arranged in a grid of m by n elements in either a planar or surface conformal arrangement.
  • the component antenna elements generally each have one port per polarization and a transmitter can be connected to each port without any combination losses.
  • the present invention accomplishes these aims by providing a tri-polar antenna element that utilizes the space traditionally occupied by a dual polarized antenna element configuration.
  • array elements may be restricted to no more than 0.5 wavelength spacing.
  • a typical two-dimensional antenna array particularly one in which the signal is steered off centre and a narrow beam is used
  • the greater wavelength spacing in the elevation plane is possible because the limited skew angle of the beam typically assists in preventing the formation of undesirable grating lobes, and is usually taken into account and used in laying out beamformed dual polarization antenna arrays.
  • the present invention takes advantage of hitherto unused space in dual-polarized antenna elements, namely the additional 0.3 wavelength spacing between elements corresponding to the elevation plane.
  • a single polarization (nominally vertically oriented) antenna element occupies this spacing in the present with the result that a tri-polar antenna array may occupy the same physical footprint as a comparable doubly-polarized array.
  • a tri-polar antenna element for use in a beamforming antenna array comprising a plurality of mutually spaced- apart antenna transmitters in azimuthal and elevation directions, the antenna element comprising: a pair of slots oriented mutually orthogonally to one another and defining a first plane thereby incorporating the azimuthal and elevation directions; a dual feed network extending along a second plane parallel to the first plane and subimposed thereunder; a dual polarization patch radiator extending along a third plane parallel to the first plane and superimposed thereover; a linear slot extending in a direction bisecting the azimuthal and elevation directions along a fourth plane coplanar with the first plane and adjacent thereto along the elevation direction; and a linear feed network extending along a fifth plane coplanar with the second plane and adjacent thereto along the elevation direction; wherein adjacent elements in the aray are sufficiently proximate so as to avoid the formation of grating lobes in a radiated signal
  • a tri-polar antenna element for use in a beamforming antenna array comprising a plurality of mutually spaced apart antenna transmitters in azimuthal and elevation directions, the antenna element comprising: a pair of slots oriented mutually orthogonally to one another and defining a first plane thereby incorporating the azimuthal and elevation directions, wherein one of the pair of slots extends in a direction oriented at +45° relative to the elevation direction and a second one of the pair of slots extends in a direction oriented at -45° relative to the elevation direction; a dual feed network extending along a second plane parallel to the first plane and subimposed thereunder; a dual polarization patch radiator extending along a third plane parallel to the first plane and superimposed thereover; a linear slot extending in a direction bisecting the azimuthal and elevation directions along a fourth plane coplanar with the first plane and adjacent thereto along the elevation direction; and a linear feed network extending along a fifth plane
  • a tri-polar antenna element for use in a beamforming antenna array comprising a plurality of mutually spaced apart antenna transmitters in azimuthal and elevation directions, the antenna element comprising: a pair of slots oriented mutually orthogonally to one another and defining a first plane thereby incorporating the azimuthal and elevation directions; a dual feed network extending along a second plane parallel to the first plane and subimposed thereunder; a dual polarization patch radiator extending along a third plane parallel to the first plane and superimposed thereover; a linear slot extending in a direction bisecting the azimuthal and elevation directions along a fourth plane coplanar with the first plane and adjacent thereto along the elevation direction; and a linear feed network extending along a fifth plane coplanar with the second plane and adjacent thereto along the elevation direction; wherein adjacent elements in the array are sufficiently proximate so as to avoid the formation of grating lobes in a radiated signal, and wherein
  • the advantage of the present invention is that it provides an improved tri-polar antenna element for use in a beamforming antenna array that maximizes use of available footprint and physical resources, and which is compact so as to facilitate other antenna design constraints .
  • a further advantage of the present invention is that it provides an improved tri-polar antenna element that effectively utilizes the space traditionally occupied by a dual polarized antenna element configuration.
  • Figure 1 shows a passive array antenna system in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a cross section of a composite
  • Figure 3 is a partially exploded view of the
  • Figures 4A-4E show various embodiments of a patch radiator for use in the embodiment of Figure 1;
  • Figure 5 shows a linear slot for use in the
  • Figure 6 shows a crossed slot structure for use
  • Figure 7 shows a linear slot feed network
  • Figure 8 shows a crossed slot feed network
  • Figure 9 shows an air bridge structure for use in the embodiment of Figure 1.
  • Figure 1 shows the primary elements of a passive array antenna system comprising a plurality of multiply-polarized antenna elements 100.
  • Each port corresponding to a polarization of an antenna element is connected to a plurality of first beamforming networks 110 used to shape the beam in a first radiating plane, which may be the azimuthal plane or the elevation plane.
  • a narrow beam is generated by the antenna array and is steered off centre .
  • the spacing between array elements extending in the azimuthal direction is less than substantially 0.5 of the operating wavelength of the antenna array, while the spacing between array elements extending in the elevation direction is less than substantially 0.8 of the operating wavelength of the antenna array.
  • the combined ports 120 of the first beamforming networks 110 are connected to input ports 130 of a second beamforming network 140 used to shape the beam in a second radiating plane orthogonal to the first radiating plane.
  • the two sets of beamforming networks 110, 140 are capable of forming a composite three dimensional radiating pattern.
  • the output 150 of the second beamforming network 140 passes to the output port 160 of the antenna array, which is connected to the input of a base station system (not shown) .
  • FIG. 2 shows a composite polarization antenna element in cross-section.
  • the antenna element comprises a cavity backed, slot fed tri- polarized patched element.
  • Such an element comprises the components that one of ordinary skill in the relevant art might use to implement a cavity-backed slot fed dual polarized patched element as is known in the art, namely, in order from the back of the radiating element to the front, a cavity structure 210, a dual feed network 230, a double sided printed circuit board 220, a pair of slots 240, a linear slot 250, a plurality of field suppression fingers 290, and a patch radiator 270 on a substrate 260.
  • the feed network 230 is connected to the external beamforming elements by coaxial tube assemblies 280.
  • the dual feed network 230 is largely to provide fields to drive the patch radiator 270 by exciting the right field structure on the patch radiator 270.
  • the cavity structure 210 is preferably a sheet metal structure that ensures that substantially all of the radiated energy emerges out of the front of the antenna element.
  • the general arrangement of the cavity structure 210 is shown in exploded view in Figure 3. It comprises a shallow 5-sided brass box 210 for each antenna element which may be, for exemplary purposes only, approximately 10 mm deep and may be manufactured using a variety of different materials such as would appeal to one having ordinary skill in this art, taking into account the choice and relative merits of each.
  • the cavities may be individual or grouped together as shown in Figure 3.
  • the exemplary depth of 10 mm ensures that the array element may achieve an adequate bandwidth for the application, in this case, the PCS frequency band of approximately 1900 MHz.
  • the depth of the cavity structure 210 may be adjusted to accommodate other applications and/or operating frequency bands.
  • the patch radiator 270 is supported by the cavity structure 210 proximate to the surface of the substrate facing away from the cavity structure.
  • the slot pairs 240 are used in dual polarization elements in order to minimize any mutual coupling between adjacent antenna elements.
  • the pair of slots 240 intersect one another.
  • the slots 240 are set out in a crossed slot configuration to minimize its footprint.
  • one of the slots extends in a direction oriented at +45° relative to the elevation direction and the other slot extends in a direction oriented at -45° relative to the elevation direction.
  • the general arrangement of this crossed slot structure is shown in Figure 6. It comprises a crossed slot pair 610 printed on a low loss substrate 600 and is used to provide radiation in two orthogonal planes. The choice of substrate is well known to those having ordinary skill in this art. In the case of an exemplary cellular base station antenna system, these are the +45° and -45° planes.
  • the feed network 230 and the slots 240 are mounted on opposite sides of a double sided printed circuit board 220 supported by the cavity structure 210, with the dual feed network 230 disposed on the surface of the double sided printed circuit board 220 and facing the inside the cavity structure 210, and with the slots 240 facing toward the patch radiator 270.
  • the general arrangement of the crossed slot feed network structure is shown in Figure 8, and comprises a pair of substantially identical (but reversed in orientation) tuning fork feed networks 810 with matching sections 820.
  • the fork feed networks 810 and matching sections 820 may be approximately mirrored.
  • each of the feed networks 810 are substantially a mirror image of the other. This mirroring would be approximate as only the large features would be mirrored; small features could be adjusted to suit the matching between the two feed networks .
  • one of the feed networks may be spaced apart from the other feed network at the overlap location.
  • a consistent structure is used for each of the crossovers, although it will be recognized by those having ordinary skill in this art that other arrangements may be used generally or in specific instances as warranted. However, the nature of the implementation of the crossovers will affect the precise detail of the design of the corresponding matching network 870. In any event, coaxial transitions are provided for both polarizations.
  • the patch radiator 270 is the active or radiating part of the antenna element.
  • the patch radiator is annular and is silkscreened onto a substrate such as polycarbonate using a highly conductive ink, such as a silver-loaded ink, etched copper on a microwave quality printed circuit board or solid metal suspended by plastic spacers.
  • Figures 4A through 4E illustrate various possible examples of patch radiators or patch elements that could be utilized m the present invention, though it will readily understood by one skilled in the art that numerous other variations are possible from those illustrated.
  • the patch radiator 270 comprises patch element 410, printed on a supporting board structure 400 mounted over the remainder of the antenna elements via mounting holes 420, and may be manufactured using a variety of materials such as foam, sheet or composite dielectric materials.
  • a central region of the patch element 410 may be devoid of material 430, as seen m Figures 4B,4D and 4E.
  • the additional 0.3 wavelength spacing in the elevation plane is used up in the layout of the patch radiator 270 on the substrate.
  • a preferably electrically clear radome 295 (shown in Figure 2) is provided over the element for environmental protection.
  • a plurality of field suppression fingers 290 are built into the cavity structure 210 and are also used to support the double sided printed circuit board 220 and patch radiator 270 thereon.
  • the fingers 290 are provided on four of the sides of the cavity structure 210 to control and limit any mutual coupling between elements.
  • that portion of the printed circuit board 220 that corresponds to the additional 0.3 wavelength spacing in the elevation plane is available for use and is occupied by a linear slot feed network structure 750 (shown in Figure 7) adjacent to the dual feed network 230 and a corresponding linear dumbbell slot structure 550 on low loss substrate 500 (shown in Figure 5) adjacent to the crossed slot structure 610 on low loss substrate 600
  • the general arrangement of the linear slot feed network structure is shown in Figure 7. It comprises a 50 ohm line (not shown) exciting the slot together with a single section matching network 720 and a coaxial transition 730, all printed on the low loss substrate 700, which is common with the dual sided printed circuit board 220.
  • the polarization on the dual polarized antenna element is typically at +45° and -45° and the third polarization of the present invention is vertically polarized, there is in fact some cross coupling between the signal for the third polarization and those for the dual polarities of the dual polarized antenna element.
  • the cross-coupling problem can be easily dealt with using sector design considerations known to those having ordinary skill in the relevant art.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un élément d'antenne tripolaire destiné à un réseau d'antennes en faisceau qui présente une paire de fentes mutuellement orthogonales définissant un premier plan qui incorpore des directions d'azimut et d'élévation. Entre les éléments adjacents du réseau, on laisse un espacement de 0,5 fois la longueur d'onde dans le plan d'azimut et un espacement de 0,8 fois la longueur d'onde dans le plan d'élévation. Les éléments sont suffisamment proches pour éviter de former des lobes secondaires dans un signal rayonné. Un réseau d'alimentation double et un élément rayonnant à plaque s'étendent le long d'un deuxième et d'un troisième plans, parallèles au premier plan, et respectivement au-dessous et au-dessus de celui-ci. Une fente linéaire bissecte les directions d'azimut et d'élévation le long du premier plan dans l'espacement supplémentaire de 0,3 fois la longueur d'onde correspondant au plan d'élévation. Un réseau d'alimentation linéaire s'étend le long du deuxième plan dans l'espacement supplémentaire de 0,3 fois la longueur d'onde situé au-dessous de la fente linéaire. L'invention apporte une augmentation par un facteur de 1,5 de la densité des éléments d'antenne, le plus petit encombrement physique et une amélioration de la sortie de puissance disponible grâce à une réduction de la perte de puissance de combinaison.
PCT/CA2007/000386 2006-03-17 2007-03-09 Element de reseau d'antennes tripolaires Ceased WO2007106976A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA2,540,216 2006-03-17
CA 2540216 CA2540216A1 (fr) 2006-03-17 2006-03-17 Element tripolaire de reseau d'antennes

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2007106976A1 true WO2007106976A1 (fr) 2007-09-27

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PCT/CA2007/000386 Ceased WO2007106976A1 (fr) 2006-03-17 2007-03-09 Element de reseau d'antennes tripolaires

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CA (1) CA2540216A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007106976A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009048428A1 (fr) * 2007-10-09 2009-04-16 Agency For Science, Technology & Research Antennes pour applications de diversité
CN113644447A (zh) * 2020-05-11 2021-11-12 诺基亚通信公司 天线装置
WO2025108050A1 (fr) * 2023-11-22 2025-05-30 华为技术有限公司 Unité d'antenne et dispositif de communication

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5241321A (en) * 1992-05-15 1993-08-31 Space Systems/Loral, Inc. Dual frequency circularly polarized microwave antenna
US6087989A (en) * 1997-03-31 2000-07-11 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Cavity-backed microstrip dipole antenna array
US6297774B1 (en) * 1997-03-12 2001-10-02 Hsin- Hsien Chung Low cost high performance portable phased array antenna system for satellite communication

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5241321A (en) * 1992-05-15 1993-08-31 Space Systems/Loral, Inc. Dual frequency circularly polarized microwave antenna
US6297774B1 (en) * 1997-03-12 2001-10-02 Hsin- Hsien Chung Low cost high performance portable phased array antenna system for satellite communication
US6087989A (en) * 1997-03-31 2000-07-11 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Cavity-backed microstrip dipole antenna array

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009048428A1 (fr) * 2007-10-09 2009-04-16 Agency For Science, Technology & Research Antennes pour applications de diversité
CN113644447A (zh) * 2020-05-11 2021-11-12 诺基亚通信公司 天线装置
WO2025108050A1 (fr) * 2023-11-22 2025-05-30 华为技术有限公司 Unité d'antenne et dispositif de communication

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2540216A1 (fr) 2007-09-17

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