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WO2025108050A1 - Unité d'antenne et dispositif de communication - Google Patents

Unité d'antenne et dispositif de communication Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025108050A1
WO2025108050A1 PCT/CN2024/129367 CN2024129367W WO2025108050A1 WO 2025108050 A1 WO2025108050 A1 WO 2025108050A1 CN 2024129367 W CN2024129367 W CN 2024129367W WO 2025108050 A1 WO2025108050 A1 WO 2025108050A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
patch
antenna unit
feed
substrate
units
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2024/129367
Other languages
English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
刘炜
肖伟宏
罗鹏
徐若雷
王聪
王金菊
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Publication of WO2025108050A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025108050A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of wireless technology, and in particular, to an antenna unit and a communication device.
  • Antenna arrays are a common way to achieve narrow beams and high gain, but the feeding network of array antennas is complex, costly, and causes feeding network losses. Using a single antenna unit to achieve high gain is extremely valuable in the wireless communication industry.
  • the present application provides an antenna unit and a communication device, which can simplify the structure of the antenna unit.
  • the feeding network, the feeding patch and the metasurface radiator are arranged on the side of the substrate facing the metal back cavity, which can reduce the overall loss of the antenna unit.
  • the second slot line widths of the patch units located on both sides of the feed patch are different, which can adjust the beam shape of the incident radiation pattern in the vertical direction of the antenna unit.
  • a line width of the first slit is different from a line width of the second slit.
  • the line width of the first slot is different from the line width of the second slot, which can adjust the beam shape of the incident radiation pattern in the vertical direction of the antenna unit.
  • the metal back cavity includes a first metal plate, the first metal plate is a bottom plate of the metal back cavity, and the first metal plate is a grounding structure of the feeding network.
  • the bottom plate of the metal cavity serves as the grounding structure of the feeding network, which can simplify the structure of the antenna unit.
  • the metal back cavity includes a first metal plate and a second metal plate, the first metal plate is the bottom plate of the metal back cavity, the second metal plate is arranged above the first metal plate, and the second metal plate is the grounding structure of the feeding network.
  • the metal back cavity includes a first metal plate and a second metal plate, and the second metal plate serves as a grounding structure of the feeding network, which enables the feeding network to be better grounded when the thickness of the metal back cavity is large.
  • the second metal plate includes a main portion and an extension portion, the main portion is fixedly connected to the metal back cavity, and the extension portion is arranged at an angle to the main portion.
  • the second metal plate includes a main portion and an extension portion, and the main portion and the extension portion are arranged at an angle, so that the shape of the second metal plate can be adapted to the shape of the feeding network, thereby facilitating impedance matching.
  • the number of the feed patches is one or more, and the one or more feed patches are arranged on the same surface of the substrate along the direction of the first side of the antenna unit.
  • an antenna unit having one or more feed patches arranged along the direction of the first side of the antenna unit can be equivalent to a conventional antenna unit including more feed patches and achieve the same radiation effect.
  • an antenna unit including one feed patch can be equivalent to an antenna unit including two conventional feed patches, thereby simplifying the structure of the antenna unit; and, one or more feed patches only require one or two feed points to feed them, thereby simplifying the structure of the feeding network; one or more feed patches are arranged on the same surface of the substrate in a vertical direction, which can also make the antenna unit easy to process.
  • an edge of the feed patch includes an opening portion, and/or the feed patch is a cut-corner structure.
  • the edge of the feed patch includes an opening portion, and/or the feed patch is a cut-angle structure, which can further optimize the port isolation and cross-polarization discrimination within the antenna unit.
  • the first side length of the antenna unit is greater than or equal to the working wavelength of the antenna unit, which can significantly compress the beam width of the antenna unit in the vertical direction and adjust the cross-polarization discrimination of the antenna unit.
  • the second side length of the antenna unit is less than or equal to 0.5 times the operating wavelength of the antenna unit.
  • the second side length of the antenna unit is less than or equal to 0.5 times the working wavelength of the antenna unit, which can enable the antenna unit to maintain a wider horizontal beam width, adjust the cross-polarization discrimination of the antenna unit, and facilitate the antenna unit to be arrayed along the horizontal direction.
  • a communication device comprising one or more antenna units as described in the first aspect or any one implementation manner of the first aspect.
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of an antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a substrate structure provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a substrate structure provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a substrate structure provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram of a top view of the structure of an antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG7 is a schematic diagram of a top view of the structure of an antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram of a top view of the structure of an antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG9 is a schematic diagram of a side view of the structure of an antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the metal back cavity provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • references to "one embodiment” or “some embodiments” etc. described in this specification mean that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiment is included in one or more embodiments of the present application.
  • the phrases “in one embodiment”, “in some embodiments”, “in some other embodiments”, “in some other embodiments”, etc. appearing in different places in this specification do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment, but mean “one or more but not all embodiments", unless otherwise specifically emphasized in other ways.
  • the first, second, etc. are only used to indicate that multiple objects are different.
  • the first side wall and the second side wall are only used to indicate different side walls of the metal cavity. They should not have any impact on the side walls themselves and the number of side walls, and the first, second, etc. mentioned above should not impose any limitations on the embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • An antenna 111 can be arranged on a pole 115 and fixedly connected to the pole 115.
  • the pole 115 can be fixed on the ground.
  • the antenna 111 can be used to receive and send antenna signals.
  • the antenna 111 can include an antenna unit described below.
  • the antenna 111 can be composed of one or more antenna units. Multiple antenna units can also be arranged in an array to form one or more antenna arrays. The frequencies of the antenna units in each antenna array can be the same or different.
  • the antenna 111 can be connected to a remote radio unit (RRU) 112 via a feeder 113.
  • the RRU 112 can be connected to a baseband unit (BBU) 114 via an optical fiber.
  • RRU remote radio unit
  • BBU baseband unit
  • the antenna 111 may also be combined with the radio remote unit 112.
  • the antenna 111 and the radio remote unit 112 are part of an active antenna processing unit (AAU).
  • the antenna 111 may be a radio unit (RU). This application is not limited to part of.
  • the antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to the above-mentioned antenna 111.
  • the structure of the antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present application is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 3 to Fig. 5 are schematic diagrams of the surface structure of the substrate 210 in the antenna unit.
  • the antenna unit 200 may include a substrate 210 and a metal back cavity 220, wherein the substrate 210 may be disposed on the metal back cavity 220.
  • the substrate 210 may be a printed circuit board (PCB), on which a feed network 211, a feed patch 212, and a metasurface radiator 213 may be provided.
  • the feed patch 212 and the metasurface radiator 213 may be located in a first region 214, and the region indicated by the dotted box in FIG. 3 may be referred to.
  • the shape of the first region 214 may be, for example, a rectangle as shown in the figure.
  • the size of the rectangular first region 214 may be smaller than the size of the substrate 210, so as to reserve a space for the feed network 211.
  • Part of the feed network 211 may be provided outside the first region 214, and part of the feed network 211 may be provided inside the first region 214.
  • the portion provided inside the first region 214 may be connected to the feed patch 212.
  • the feeding network 211 may include two feeding ports, and the two feeding ports may be respectively arranged on both sides of the first area 214 along the direction of the x-axis shown in the figure, that is, the feeding network 211 may include two parts arranged on both sides of the first area 214, wherein each part corresponds to a feeding port.
  • the two parts of the feeding network 211 located on both sides of the first area 214 may have the same structure, and the two parts of the feeding network 211 located on both sides of the first area 214 may include a first part 2111, and the first part 2111 may be connected to one or more second parts 2112, and the one or more second parts 2112 may be respectively electrically connected to one or more feeding patches 212.
  • the two feeding ports of the feeding network 211 may be fed separately or simultaneously, and when the polarization mode excited by one of the feeding ports is +45° polarization, the polarization mode excited by the other feeding port may be -45°, and the working modes of the upper and lower parts of the feeding network 211 located in the first area 214 may be symmetrical.
  • the antenna unit can form ⁇ 45° dual polarization, and when one of the feeding ports is excited, the polarization mode of the antenna unit can be +45° or -45° single polarization.
  • the feeding network 211 may also include only one feeding port, that is, it may include only the portion located on the upper side of the first area 214 as shown in the figure, or it may include only the portion located on the lower side of the first area 214.
  • the polarization mode of the antenna unit when the feeding port is excited, may be +45° or -45° single polarization.
  • the number of the second parts 2112 in the feeding network 211 may be the same as the number of the feeding patches 212, and each second part 2112 may be connected to a feeding patch 212.
  • the signal on the feeding network 211 may be input from the feeding port and transmitted to the feeding patch 212 through the first part 2111 and the second part 2112, so as to realize the feeding of the feeding patch 212.
  • the connection mode of the feed network 211 and the feed patch 212 can be a direct electrical connection.
  • the feed patch 212 can be a square structure, and the feed patch 212 can include a slot 2123, and the slot 2123 can extend toward the center direction of the feed patch 212 in a direction perpendicular to the edge of the feed patch 212, and the second part 2112 of the feed network 211 can extend into the first area 214 and into the slot 2123, and contact the feed patch 212 at the end of the slot 2123, so as to realize the electrical connection between the feed network 211 and the feed patch 212.
  • the feed patch 212 may not include the slot 2123, and present a complete square structure, as shown in FIG4 , and the second part 2112 can be connected to the edge part of the feed patch 212 respectively.
  • the feed network 211 may not be in direct contact with the feed patch 212, but may be coupled through a gap, and the feed patch (not shown in the figure) may be excited through the gap.
  • the feed patch 212 includes a slot 2123
  • the second portion 2112 of the feed network 211 may extend into the slot 2123, and may maintain a distance from the feed patch 212, so that a gap is formed between the second portion 2112 and the feed patch 212, and the feed network 211 feeds the feed patch 212 through the gap, and the depth of the second portion 2112 extending into the feed patch 212 may be adjusted according to the impedance matching situation.
  • the second part 2112 can be arranged outside the feed patch 212, that is, the projection of the second part 2112 along the direction perpendicular to the substrate 210 does not overlap with the projection of the feed patch 212 along the direction perpendicular to the substrate 210, and the second part 2112 can maintain a distance from the feed patch 212 to form a gap, and the feed network 211 can couple and feed the feed patch 212 through the gap.
  • the feed patch 212 can be the main feed source of the antenna unit, and the feed network 211 can excite the feed patch 212. Further, the feed patch 212 can couple and excite the metasurface radiator 213, so that the feed patch 212 and the metasurface radiator 213 can be combined with the metal back cavity 220 for resonant radiation.
  • one side of the substrate 210 including the feeding network 211, the feeding patch 212 and the metasurface radiator 213 may also be facing away from the metal back cavity 220.
  • the feeding network 211, the feeding patch 212 and the metasurface radiator 213 may not be arranged on the same side of the substrate 210.
  • the feeding network 211 may be arranged on the side of the substrate 210 facing the metal back cavity 220, and the feeding patch 212 and the metasurface radiator 213 may be arranged on the side of the substrate 210 facing away from the metal back cavity 220; when there are multiple metasurface radiators 213, multiple metasurface radiators 213 may also be arranged on different sides of the substrate 210; similarly, when there are multiple feeding patches 212, multiple feeding patches 212 may also be arranged on different sides of the substrate 210, and this application does not limit this.
  • the feeding network 211, the feeding patch 212 and the metasurface radiator 213 are integrated together on the substrate 210, which can simplify the structure of the antenna unit.
  • the feeding network 211, the feeding patch 212 and the metasurface radiator 213 are arranged on the same surface of the substrate 210, the feeding network 211, the feeding patch 212 and the metasurface radiator 213 can be formed at one time.
  • the feeding network 211, the feeding patch 212 and the metasurface radiator 213 structure shown in the figure can be directly obtained on the same metal plate through cutting and other processes, thereby reducing the processing complexity and production cost of the antenna unit.
  • the feed network 211, the feed patch 212 and the metasurface radiator 213 are located on the side of the substrate 210 facing the metal back cavity 220, and can form an air cavity with the metal back cavity 220, thereby reducing the transmission loss of the entire antenna unit, and can provide conditions for the feed network 211 and the metal back cavity 220 to form an air-suspended microstrip line structure, thereby reducing the transmission loss of the feed network 211.
  • the metasurface radiator 213 since the metasurface radiator 213 has an electromagnetic bandgap characteristic for surface waves, it can suppress the propagation of surface waves within the antenna working frequency band, thereby suppressing the antenna mutual coupling caused by the propagation of surface waves, realizing the antenna self-decoupling function, and improving the isolation between antenna units.
  • FIG3 to FIG5 are schematic diagrams of the surface structure of the substrate 210, wherein the feed patch 212 in FIG3 and FIG4 is a square structure, and the angle between the side of the square feed patch 212 and the side of the substrate 210 can be, for example, 45°, so that the antenna unit can achieve ⁇ 45° polarization.
  • the number of the feed patch 212 can be multiple, for example, it can be two feed patches 212A and 212B shown in the figure. When the number of the feed patch 212 is multiple, the multiple feed patches 212 can be arranged in a vertical direction and can be arranged on the central axis of the substrate 210. The vertical direction is also the direction of the first side of the antenna unit.
  • the first side of the antenna unit can be any side of the antenna unit.
  • the first side can be the direction of the longer side of the antenna unit, that is, it can be the direction shown by the y-axis shown in the figure.
  • the metasurface radiator 213 may include multiple patch units, and the multiple patch units may be arranged on both sides of the feed patch 212 in the vertical direction.
  • the patch units may include a patch unit 2131 arranged in the two end areas of the substrate 210 and a patch unit 2132 located in the area between the feed patches 212A and 212B (or the middle area of the substrate 210), and the number of patch units 2131 and patch units 2132 may both be multiple, the patch unit 2131 located in the two end areas may also be called the first patch unit 2131, and the patch unit 2132 located in the middle area may also be called the second patch unit 2132.
  • the patch unit 2131 located at the two end regions can be called the first patch unit
  • the patch unit 2132 located in the middle region can be called the second patch unit.
  • the present application does not limit the names of the patch units.
  • the embodiment of the present application takes the patch unit 2131 located at the two end regions as the first patch unit 2131 and the patch unit 2132 located in the middle region as the second patch unit 2132 as an example to introduce the structure of the metasurface radiator.
  • the projection area of each patch unit among the multiple patch units on the substrate 210 along the direction perpendicular to the substrate 210 may be different from the projection area of each feed patch 212 on the substrate 210 along the direction perpendicular to the substrate 210, or in other words, the size of the patch unit may be different from the size of the feed patch 212.
  • the patch unit may also be a square structure, the side length of the square patch unit may be smaller than the side length of the square feed patch 212, and the side lengths of the patch unit 2131 located at both end regions of the substrate 210 and the patch unit 2132 in the middle region may be smaller than the side length of the feed patch 212A or the side length of the feed patch 212B, so that the projection area of the patch unit in the direction perpendicular to the substrate 210 is smaller than the projection area of the feed patch 212 in the direction perpendicular to the substrate 210.
  • the side length of the patch unit may also be larger than the size of the feed patch 212 (not shown in the figure), so that the projection area of the patch unit in the direction perpendicular to the substrate 210 is larger than the projection area of the feed patch 212 in the direction perpendicular to the substrate 210, and this application does not limit this.
  • the feed patch 212 and the metasurface radiator 213 are combined with the metal back cavity 220 to radiate together.
  • the projection areas of the feed patch 212 and the metasurface radiator 213 in the direction perpendicular to the substrate 210 are different, which can adjust the antenna unit in the vertical direction.
  • the radiation field distribution in the vertical direction improves the directivity coefficient and regulates the beam shape of the incident radiation pattern in the vertical direction, such as the beam zero point position and depth.
  • Adjacent feeding patches 212 and adjacent edges of the patch units may be parallel to each other, that is, multiple patch units may also form a 45° angle with the edge of the substrate 210.
  • a first gap may be provided between the feeding patch 212 and the adjacent patch units, and the feeding patch 212 may couple and feed the metasurface radiator 213 through the first gap.
  • the side length of a single first patch unit 2131 may be larger than the size of a single second patch unit 2131, so that the projection area of a single first patch unit 2131 along a direction perpendicular to the substrate 210 may be larger than the projection area of a single second patch unit 2131 along a direction perpendicular to the substrate 210.
  • the side length of a single first patch unit 2131 may be smaller than the side length of a single second patch unit 2132, so that the projection area of a single first patch unit 2131 along a direction perpendicular to the substrate 210 may be smaller than the projection area of a single second patch unit 2131 along a direction perpendicular to the substrate 210.
  • the size of the first patch unit located on the left side of the feed patch 212A may be different from the size of the first patch unit 2131 located on the right side of the feed patch 212B.
  • Multiple patch units are distributed in different areas on the substrate 210, and the projection areas of single patch units in different areas along the direction perpendicular to the substrate 210 are different, which can adjust the radiation field distribution of the antenna unit in the vertical direction, improve the directivity coefficient, and control the beam shape of the incident radiation pattern in the vertical direction.
  • the multiple patch units of the illustrated metasurface radiator 213 are respectively arranged on both sides of the feed patch 212 along the y-axis direction, and the feed patch 212 may also be provided with patch units on both sides of the illustrated x-axis direction. Patch units are provided on both sides of the feed patch 212 along the x-axis direction, that is, patch units may be provided on the upper and lower sides of the first area indicated by the dotted box in FIGS. 3 to 5 . For example, in the antenna unit shown in FIGS.
  • the patch units on the left side of the feed patch 212A may be arranged in the negative direction of the x-axis and the positive direction of the x-axis, respectively, and the projection areas of the patch units on the left side of the feed patch 212A along the direction perpendicular to the substrate may be the same, and the patch units on the right side of the feed patch 212A may also be arranged in the negative direction of the x-axis and the positive direction of the x-axis, respectively, and the projection areas of the patch units on the right side of the feed patch 212A along the direction perpendicular to the substrate may be the same.
  • the arrangement of the patch units around the feed patch 212B may be similar to that of the feed patch 212A.
  • the position of the feed network 211 may be moved accordingly along the x-axis direction, the portion of the feed network 211 located on the upper side of the first region 214 may be moved along the positive direction of the x-axis, and the portion of the feed network 211 located on the lower side of the first region 214 may be moved along the negative direction of the x-axis, so that the projection of the first part 2111 of the feed network 211 along the direction perpendicular to the substrate 210 does not overlap with the projection of the area enclosed by each patch unit and the feed patch 212 along the direction perpendicular to the substrate 210.
  • the projection areas of the respective patch units along the direction perpendicular to the substrate 210 may also be the same.
  • the projection areas of a single patch unit 2131 and a single patch unit 2132 along the direction perpendicular to the substrate 210 are the same, and the projection areas of any two patch units of the metasurface radiator 213 along the direction perpendicular to the substrate 210 are the same.
  • the patch units located on both sides of the feeding patch 212 form a first gap with the feeding patch 212, and the line widths of the first gap formed between the patch units located on both sides of the feeding patch 212 and the feeding patch 212 may be different.
  • the line width of the first slot formed by the patch units on both sides of the feeding patch 212 and the feeding patch 212 may also be the same. It is only necessary to ensure that the antenna unit can be coupled and fed through the first slot and radiate electromagnetic waves. This application does not limit this.
  • the metasurface radiator 213 can couple and feed and radiate electromagnetic waves through the second gap.
  • the line widths of the second gaps formed between adjacent patch units may also be the same, and the line width of the second gap may refer to the spacing between the two sides of two adjacent patch units that are close to each other.
  • the line widths of the second gaps formed between two adjacent patch units may also be different, for example, the first patch units located in the two end regions may be arranged more compactly to have a smaller second gap line width, while the second patch units located in the middle region may be arranged more sparsely to have a larger second gap line width, for example, as shown in FIG3 , the line width of the second gap 15 may be smaller than the line width of the second gap 16 , the line width of the second gap 17 may also be smaller than the line width of the second gap 16 , and the line width of the second gap 15 and the line width of the second gap 17 may be the same or different.
  • the second gaps between the patch units of the metasurface radiator 213 located in the same region may also be different, for example, different arrangement compactness levels are set in the same region.
  • the line width of the second gap formed between two adjacent first patch units 2131 among the plurality of first patch units 2131 and the line width of the second gap formed between two adjacent second patch units among the plurality of second patch units 2132 may also be different.
  • the line width of the second gap formed between two adjacent first patch units 2131 among the plurality of first patch units 2131 may be less than the line width of the second gap formed between two adjacent second patch units 2132 among the plurality of second patch units 2132.
  • the feed patch 212 can be a cut-angle structure, for example, the square feed patch 212 shown in FIG3 or FIG4 is cut at a position close to the edge of the substrate 210 to obtain the feed patch 212 with a cut-angle structure shown in FIG5 .
  • the two corners of the feed patch 212 close to the upper and lower edges of the substrate 210 can be cut off, that is, the two corners of the feed patch 212 located in the x-axis direction can be cut off.
  • the sizes of the two corners cut off by the feed patch 212 can be the same or different.
  • the feed patch 212 is a cut-angle structure, which can adjust the current path of the feed patch 212 and further optimize the polarization isolation and polarization purity in the antenna unit.
  • the feed patch 212 may include not only two cut corners in the x-axis direction, but also two cut corners in the y-axis direction, as shown in FIG6 , that is, on the basis of the square feed patch 212 shown in FIG3 or FIG4 , the four corners of the square feed patch 212 may be cut off to form the cut corner structure shown in FIG6 , so as to further adjust the symmetry of the feed patch.
  • the size and shape of the four corners cut off from the feed patch 212 may be the same, so that the feed patch 212 may not only have horizontal symmetry and vertical symmetry, but also have rotational symmetry, so as to further optimize the polarization isolation and polarization purity within the antenna unit.
  • the size, shape and size of the four corners cut off from the feed patch 212 may also be different, and the size of the cut corners may be adjusted according to the port isolation requirements and polarization purity in the antenna unit.
  • FIG7 is a top view of the antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the number of the feed patch 212 can be one, as shown in (a) of FIG7. Accordingly, the number of the second part 2112 of the feed network 211 can also be one.
  • the feed patch 212 can be arranged at the middle position in the long side direction of the substrate 210, so that the metasurface radiator 213 can be arranged on both sides of the feed patch 212 in the vertical direction, and the sizes of the patch units on both sides of the feed patch 212 can be different.
  • the antenna unit can be equivalent to two traditional antenna units in the vertical direction.
  • the size and area of the metasurface radiator in the area on both sides of the feed patch 212 can be adjusted to make the radiation pattern of the antenna unit equivalent to the radiation pattern of the two traditional antenna units.
  • the number of the feed patches 212 may be increased accordingly, for example, two feed patches 212 may be included as shown in (b) of FIG. 7 .
  • the structure of the substrate 210 shown in (b) of FIG. 7 may refer to the structure of the substrate 210 described in FIG. 2 or FIG. 5 , and will not be described in detail here.
  • the antenna unit may be equivalent to a traditional antenna with three feed units in the vertical direction.
  • the substrate 210 shown in (c) of FIG. 7 includes three feeding patches 212. Accordingly, the feeding network 211 is located in two parts of the first region 214 along the x-axis direction, and the number of second parts 2112 included in each part may also be 3, and the three second parts 2112 are electrically connected to the three feeding patches 212 respectively. When the number of feeding patches 212 is 3, there may be a spacing between two adjacent feeding patches 212 to set the metasurface radiator 213.
  • the feeding patches 212 from above the y-axis to below the y-axis may be feeding patches 212A, feeding patches 212B and feeding patches 212C in sequence, and the feeding patches 212B may be arranged on the symmetry axis of the substrate 210 parallel to the x-axis direction, and the distances from the feeding patches 212A and the feeding patches 212C to the feeding patches 212B may be the same or different.
  • the sizes of the metasurface radiators 213 located on both sides of the feed patch 212A and the feed patch 212C along the y-axis direction may be different, while the sizes of the metasurface radiators 213 located on both sides of the feed patch 212B along the y-axis direction may be the same, and the sizes of the metasurface radiators 213 arranged at both ends of the substrate 210 along the y-axis direction may be the same; or, the sizes of the metasurface radiators 213 located in different areas shown in (c) of FIG. 7 may be the same, or may be different.
  • the antenna unit may be equivalent to a traditional antenna with four or even five feed units in the vertical direction.
  • the size of the antenna unit in the vertical direction and the number of the feed patches 212 can be designed and adjusted according to the array form or the required radiation effect.
  • the number of the feed network 211 can still be one or two, so that the structure of the feed network can be greatly simplified while achieving the same or similar radiation effect as the traditional antenna unit with more feed points, and thus simplifying the overall structure of the antenna unit.
  • FIG8 is a top view of another substrate 210 provided in an embodiment of the present application, wherein the overall structure of the feed patch 212, the metasurface radiator 213 and the feed network 211 can be offset, wherein FIG8(a) can be the substrate structure shown in FIG6, and FIG8(b) can be obtained by offsetting the feed patch 212, the metasurface radiator 213 and the feed network 211 shown in FIG8(a) as a whole.
  • the feed network 211 can be offset by a distance L in the negative direction of the y-axis from the position shown in FIG8(a), and accordingly, each feed patch 212 can also be offset by a distance L in the negative direction of the y-axis from the position shown in FIG8(a), and each patch unit of the metasurface radiator 213 can also be offset by a distance L in the negative direction of the y-axis from the position shown in FIG8(a), and each patch unit of the metasurface radiator 213 can also be offset by a distance L in the negative direction of the y-axis from the position shown in FIG8(a).
  • the first region 214 where the feed patch 212 and the metasurface radiator 213 are located can have symmetry, or in other words, the symmetry axis of the first region 214 can be parallel to the y-axis direction shown in the figure, and the symmetry axis of the first region 214 parallel to the y-axis direction can also be the symmetry axis of the substrate 210 parallel to the y-axis direction.
  • the first region 214 may also not have vertical symmetry, for example, the metasurface radiator and feed patch shown in Figures 2 to 7 can be offset as a whole along the x-axis direction shown in the figure. This application does not limit the symmetry of the first region 214 or the antenna unit as a whole.
  • the structures of the feeding patch 212, the metasurface radiator 213 and the feeding network 211 on the substrate 210 are described above in combination with FIGS. 2 to 8. Introduction, the metal back cavity 220 structure of the antenna unit is introduced below.
  • the structure of the metal back cavity 220 may be the structure shown in FIG. 2, and the metal back cavity 220 may be a semi-open frame structure.
  • the metal back cavity 220 may include a bottom plate 221 and a side wall 222
  • the bottom plate 221 may also be referred to as a first metal plate
  • the side wall 222 may be arranged around the periphery of the bottom plate 221
  • the side wall 222 may include a first side wall 222A and a second side wall 222B
  • the first side wall 222A may be a side wall corresponding to the long side of the metal back cavity 220, that is, a side wall arranged along the y-axis direction shown in the figure
  • the second side wall 222B may be a side wall corresponding to the short side of the metal back cavity 220, that is, a side wall arranged along the x-axis direction shown in the figure.
  • the metal back cavity 220 may further include a second metal plate 223, which may be arranged at the inner edge of the metal back cavity 220 in a vertical direction, that is, one side of the second metal plate 223 may be fixedly connected to the first side wall 222A.
  • the second metal plate 223 may be suspended at the inner edge of the first side wall 222A, or in other words, there may be a gap between the second metal plate 223 and the bottom plate 221 in the z-axis direction.
  • the second metal plate 223 may constitute a grounding structure of the feed network 211.
  • the second metal plate 223 When the feed network 211 is arranged on a side of the substrate 210 facing the metal back cavity 220, the second metal plate 223 may constitute an air-suspended microstrip line structure together with the feed network 211.
  • the second metal plate 223 and the feed network 211 may constitute an air-suspended microstrip line together, which may reduce the transmission loss of the feed network 211.
  • FIG9 is a side view of the antenna unit.
  • the first region 214 and the metal back cavity 220 have a third gap in the horizontal direction.
  • the third gap may be a gap between the first region 214 and the second metal plate 223 in the x-axis direction, that is, the gap d 1 shown in the figure.
  • the third gap between the first region 214 and the metal back cavity 220 in the horizontal direction can adjust the cross polarization discrimination (XPD) of the antenna unit.
  • the first region 214 and the metal back cavity 220 may also have a gap in the vertical direction, for example, which may be called a fourth gap, or the fourth gap may be a gap between the first region 214 and the second side wall 222B in the y-axis direction, and the fourth gap may refer to the gap d 2 indicated in FIG6 .
  • the fourth gap in the vertical direction between the first region 214 and the metal back cavity 220 can adjust the cross-polarization discrimination of the antenna unit.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the metal back cavity 220.
  • the second metal plate 223 may include a main portion 2231 and an extension portion 2232.
  • the main portion 2231 is a portion disposed at the inner edge of the first side wall 222A.
  • the extension portion 2232 may extend from the connection position with the main portion 2231 toward the center of the metal back cavity 220, and the extension portion 2232 may be disposed at an angle with the main portion 2231, for example, at an angle of 45°.
  • the main portion 2231 and the extension portion 2232 may be located on the same plane, for example, the plane where the main portion 2231 and the extension portion 2232 are located may be parallel to the xy plane shown in the figure.
  • the second part 2112 of the feed network 211 can be disposed above the extension part 2232, that is, the main part 2231 can constitute the grounding structure of the first part 2111 of the feed network 211, and the extension part 2232 can constitute the grounding structure of the second part 2112 of the feed network 211.
  • the extension part 2232 can also be suspended, or in other words, there can be a certain gap between the extension part 2232 and the bottom plate 221 of the metal back cavity 220 in the z-axis direction.
  • the second metal plate 223 includes the main part 2231 and the extension part 2232, so that the shape of the second metal plate 223 can be adapted to the shape of the feed network 211, and impedance matching can be easily achieved.
  • the main portion 2231 and the extended portion 2232 of the second metal plate 223 shown in the figure are located on the same plane, forming a planar structure, and are parallel to the xy plane shown in the figure.
  • the second metal plate 223 can also be set at an angle to the xy plane shown in the figure, or can also be in other structural shapes such as an arc surface. It is only necessary to ensure that the second metal plate 223 is not directly electrically connected to the feeding network 211 and can constitute the grounding structure of the feeding network 211.
  • the width of the main part 2231 of the second metal plate 223 may be greater than the width of the first part 2111 of the feed network 211
  • the width of the extension part 2232 of the second metal plate 223 may be greater than the width of the second part 2112 of the feed network 211
  • the width of the main part 2231 may be the size of the main part 2231 along the x-axis direction
  • the width of the first part 2111 may be the size of the first part 2111 along the x-axis direction
  • the width of the extension part 2232 may be the size of the extension part 2232 along the direction perpendicular to the extension
  • the width of the second part 2112 may be the size of the second part 2112 along the direction perpendicular to the extension.
  • the width of the main part 2231 may also be less than the width of the first part 2111, the width of the extension part 2232 may also be less than the width of the second part 2112, the length of the extension part 2232 may be the same as the length of the second part 2112, or may be greater than or less than the length of the second part 2112.
  • the present application does not limit the size of the second metal plate 223.
  • the number of the second metal plates 223 can be two, which respectively constitute the grounding structure of the two parts of the feeding network 211; when the feeding network 211 only includes the part located on the upper side of the first area 214 or only includes the part located on the lower side of the first area 214, the number of the second metal plates 223 can be two or one, and one second metal plate 223 can be arranged on the corresponding side of the feeding network 211.
  • the metal back cavity 220 may also include only the first side wall 222A, but not the second side wall 222B, as shown in (b) of FIG. 10 .
  • the second metal plate 223 may be fixedly connected to the first side wall 222A only, but not to the second side wall 222B.
  • the fourth gap may refer to the gap between the first region 214 and the bottom plate 221 in the y-axis direction.
  • the projection of the first area 214 on the bottom plate 221 along a direction perpendicular to the bottom plate 221 may be located inside the area where the bottom plate 221 is located.
  • the second metal plate 223 may also be a solid layer, as shown in (c) of FIG. 10 . That is, the main part 2231 of the second metal plate 223 may be a solid layer, and there may be no gap between the main part 2231 of the second metal plate 223 and the bottom plate 221 of the metal back cavity 220, and the main part 2231 of the second metal plate 223 may be directly connected to the bottom plate 221.
  • the extension part 2232 may also be a solid layer, that is, there may be no gap between the extension part 2232 and the bottom plate 221 in the z-axis direction.
  • a groove may also be made on the side of the metal back cavity 220 away from the substrate 210 at a position corresponding to the second metal plate 223 (not shown in the figure) to reduce the overall weight of the antenna unit.
  • the metal back cavity 220 may also not be additionally provided with a second metal plate 223, as shown in (d) in Figure 10.
  • the metal back cavity 220 may not include the second metal plate 223.
  • the height of the metal back cavity 220 is also the size of the metal back cavity 220 in the z-axis direction.
  • the bottom plate 221 of the metal back cavity 220 can serve as a grounding structure of the feed network 211, and the feed network 211 can form an air-suspended microstrip line with the bottom plate 221 to further simplify the structure of the antenna unit.
  • the fourth gap may be a gap between the first region 214 and the first side wall 222A.
  • the second side length of the antenna unit may be less than or equal to half of the working wavelength of the antenna unit.
  • the second side length may be the side length of the smaller side of the antenna unit.
  • the second side length is less than or equal to half of the working wavelength of the antenna unit, which can adjust the beam width of the antenna unit in the horizontal direction and maintain good cross-polarization discrimination of the antenna unit, and can also facilitate the antenna unit to form an array along the horizontal direction.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a communication device, which may include one or more antenna units as described in the above embodiments.
  • the multiple antenna units can form an antenna array.
  • the multiple antenna units can be arranged in an array along the x direction.
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides an antenna system, which may include one or more antenna units of any type described in the above embodiments.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a base station, which may include the above-mentioned antenna system.

Landscapes

  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

La présente demande concerne une unité d'antenne et un dispositif de communication. L'unité d'antenne comprend un substrat, un réseau d'alimentation, un microruban d'alimentation et un élément rayonnant à métasurface étant agencés sur le substrat, le microruban d'alimentation et l'élément rayonnant à métasurface étant situés dans une première zone, et le réseau d'alimentation étant relié au microruban d'alimentation ; et une cavité arrière métallique, le substrat étant agencé sur la cavité arrière métallique. L'unité d'antenne et le dispositif de communication selon des modes de réalisation de la présente demande permettent de simplifier les structures de l'unité d'antenne et d'un réseau d'antennes.
PCT/CN2024/129367 2023-11-22 2024-11-01 Unité d'antenne et dispositif de communication Pending WO2025108050A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202311574098.7 2023-11-22
CN202311574098.7A CN120033448A (zh) 2023-11-22 2023-11-22 天线单元和通信设备

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO2025108050A1 true WO2025108050A1 (fr) 2025-05-30

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Citations (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030189516A1 (en) * 2002-04-09 2003-10-09 Olson Steven C. Partially shared antenna aperture
WO2007106976A1 (fr) * 2006-03-17 2007-09-27 Tenxc Wireless Inc. Element de reseau d'antennes tripolaires
CN103872448A (zh) * 2014-02-19 2014-06-18 清华大学 宽带圆极化阵列天线
CN113161767A (zh) * 2021-05-10 2021-07-23 西安电子科技大学 基于平行耦合传输线结构的单层板低剖面圆极化天线阵列
CN113708073A (zh) * 2021-08-18 2021-11-26 西安电子科技大学 基于方形半环馈电的超表面天线
WO2022019385A1 (fr) * 2020-07-22 2022-01-27 충북대학교 산학협력단 Antenne à polarisation circulaire à large bande monocouche à base de méta-surface pour système à ondes millimétriques 5g
CN118825647A (zh) * 2024-08-05 2024-10-22 华南理工大学 基于单层重叠布局的紧凑型顺序旋转宽带圆极化天线阵

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030189516A1 (en) * 2002-04-09 2003-10-09 Olson Steven C. Partially shared antenna aperture
WO2007106976A1 (fr) * 2006-03-17 2007-09-27 Tenxc Wireless Inc. Element de reseau d'antennes tripolaires
CN103872448A (zh) * 2014-02-19 2014-06-18 清华大学 宽带圆极化阵列天线
WO2022019385A1 (fr) * 2020-07-22 2022-01-27 충북대학교 산학협력단 Antenne à polarisation circulaire à large bande monocouche à base de méta-surface pour système à ondes millimétriques 5g
CN113161767A (zh) * 2021-05-10 2021-07-23 西安电子科技大学 基于平行耦合传输线结构的单层板低剖面圆极化天线阵列
CN113708073A (zh) * 2021-08-18 2021-11-26 西安电子科技大学 基于方形半环馈电的超表面天线
CN118825647A (zh) * 2024-08-05 2024-10-22 华南理工大学 基于单层重叠布局的紧凑型顺序旋转宽带圆极化天线阵

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