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WO2006008021A1 - Cooling frame comprising at least one electrically driven ventilator - Google Patents

Cooling frame comprising at least one electrically driven ventilator Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006008021A1
WO2006008021A1 PCT/EP2005/007489 EP2005007489W WO2006008021A1 WO 2006008021 A1 WO2006008021 A1 WO 2006008021A1 EP 2005007489 W EP2005007489 W EP 2005007489W WO 2006008021 A1 WO2006008021 A1 WO 2006008021A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
radiator frame
plug
lines
frame according
holder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2005/007489
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Michael Niehues
Oliver GRÜNEMEIER
Christian Weidinger
Horst Eisert
Sandra Michel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Volkswagen AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Volkswagen AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Volkswagen AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP05773340A priority Critical patent/EP1789244A1/en
Publication of WO2006008021A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006008021A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/16—Making multilayered or multicoloured articles
    • B29C45/1671—Making multilayered or multicoloured articles with an insert
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K11/00—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
    • F04D25/0693—Details or arrangements of the wiring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14639—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles for obtaining an insulating effect, e.g. for electrical components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0003—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
    • B29K2995/0005—Conductive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3055—Cars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P5/00—Pumping cooling-air or liquid coolants
    • F01P5/02—Pumping cooling-air; Arrangements of cooling-air pumps, e.g. fans or blowers
    • F01P2005/025—Pumping cooling-air; Arrangements of cooling-air pumps, e.g. fans or blowers using two or more air pumps

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a radiator frame with at least one electrically driven fan, in particular for cooling the drive units in a motor vehicle.
  • the at least one fan is usually integrated in a radiator frame which is attached to the front end module of the motor vehicle directly to the radiator and which serves to form a defined air flow substantially parallel to the axis of rotation of the fan wheel and thus optimum cooling.
  • the fan is coupled directly to the drive motor, whose speed is preferably regulated as a function of the required cooling capacity.
  • DE 196 12 679 C2 discloses a fan with a fan with a cup-shaped hub, which is placed over the housing of the drive motor and rotatably connected to the drive shaft of the electric motor.
  • the windings thereof are connected via a connecting cable to the control electronics accommodated in a separate electronics housing, which is fastened to the radiator frame outside the outer ring of the fan wheel.
  • the connection cable between them is arranged on a mounting arm for the electric motor.
  • a cooling fan is described, in which the control electronics for the electric motor outside the outer ring of the fan wheel on the radiator frame is arranged in an electronics housing.
  • the control unit can also form a structural unit with the drive motor and be housed in a common housing with this, which has the advantage. That the fan has a smaller footprint, is well electromagnetically compatible and less prone to failure, as described in DE 100 44 066 A1.
  • the radiator frame must have a power supply line for the control unit and the drive motor, which is constantly under tension.
  • an injection-molded plastic radiator frame with two fans is known, the electrical and electronic supply is performed by lines in Conduction channels are guided.
  • the guided to the fans electric cables with plugs are connected to each other and to the electrical system, the plugs are in particular also set on the moldedméerzarge mounts to this.
  • radiator frames may be the piping arrangement and disassembly. If the distance of the radiator frame to the radiator and thus also the ducts to this is only a few millimeters, there is a risk that both the lines and the cooling fins of the radiator are damaged if the lines are insufficiently fixed, which in particular at live lines the risk of consequential damage.
  • the ducts can be designed as latching or clamping channels and be provided with locking elements, in which the lines are clipped, but which require a very high effort in the wiring. Slipping out of the lines from the ducts is favored by the relatively high tolerances in the cable length, which are necessary due to production.
  • cable ties can be used, which partially enclose the cable ducts and the lines laid in them, whereby, however, the assembly effort is increased.
  • the plugs are each secured by means of a latching connection to the radiator frame. There is a risk of breaking off the locking lugs.
  • the invention consists in that in a radiator frame with at least one electrically driven fan with an electric motor and a fan wheel, which is provided in a known manner with a receiving opening for the fan and a holder formed in this for the electric motor connected to the fan, wherein the Holder via connecting ribs od.
  • the lines Connected to the frame body and electrical lines are led to the holder, the lines as separate interconnects, especially in the form of a completely or partially overmolded with insulating plastic and relatively rigid insert composite of stamped conductors, integrated into this or are molded onto these, wherein the ends of the lines are formed to plug-in connections. These can be surrounded by a molded onto the radiator frame connector housing.
  • radiator frame has the advantage that the integrated lines are protected from damage. Further advantages are an increase in process reliability during assembly and an increase in operational safety, which is given in particular by reducing the risk of damage to the electrical lines. In addition, the production time for a radiator frame provided with a fan as well as the material and manufacturing costs are reduced. Finally, the plastic-coated electrical lines are hermetically sealed against the environment, especially moisture and pollution.
  • the lines are advantageously poured in the area between the frame body and the bracket in an already existing connection rib.
  • a plug housing for the motor-side plug-in connections is formed in the region of the connection point of the connecting rib on the holder, which is also arranged adjacent to a mounting element for the motor formed on the holder.
  • the insert composite is produced in that a stamped and bent part is produced from a metal sheet with interconnected and interconnected via individual connecting webs interconnects and the plug-in connections. Thereafter, the interconnects additionally fixing plastic bridges are sprayed on and then removed the connecting webs, in particular by cutting or punching tools.
  • the insert composite produced in this way is integrated into the radiator frame and thereby overmoulded again. This repeated overmolding ensures that the lines in the insert composite and this are hermetically sealed.
  • the radiator frame is advantageously produced by injection molding.
  • the injection mold is designed so that the plug-in connections remain free.
  • physical foaming by the MuCell injection molding process (DE 698 05 957 12) is also suitable as an injection molding process, the cost advantages due to lower pressures in the injection molding tool, a reduction of the cycle time, a material saving associated with a weight saving of up to about 20%, and also a higher quality of the manufactureddeerzargen due to a lower distortion of the same, associated with less waste, brings.
  • the size of the machine is reduced compared to the usual injection molding machines, whereby further advantages are given.
  • a radiator frame made with this method then consists of a microcellular thermoplastic foam.
  • radiator frame with two receiving openings, each for an electrically driven fan
  • Fig. 5 a holder for a fan mitangeformten connector housing
  • Fig. 6 arranged on the electric motor of the fan mating connector, enlarged.
  • Fig. 1 shows a radiator frame 1 with two receiving openings 2 and 3, each for an electrically driven radiator fan, of which a radiator fan 4, which is controlled as a main fan, is indicated in the receiving opening 2.
  • This is formed of an electric motor 5 with integrated control unit and arranged on this and indicated fan 6.
  • Both receiving openings 2, 3 each have an integrally formed via connecting ribs 7 to the radiator frame 1 integrally formed holder 8 and 9 for the respective electric motor.
  • Plug housings 10 and 11 are formed on these holders 8, 9, in which plug-in connections 12. 1, 12. 2 and 13. 1 and 13. 2 (FIG. 2) are arranged.
  • plug-in connections are at the ends of punched conductor tracks 14, 15 of a copper alloy by forming this Formed ends, wherein the conductor tracks 14 and 15 are each at a distance from each other and thus separated in each case partially encapsulated with insulating plastic encapsulated Einlegeverbunden for the power supply and the signal supply, which are each integrated as inserts in the radiator frame 1.
  • the partial plastic encapsulation forms plastic bridges 16, as shown in FIG. 2, which at the same time constitute spacers.
  • a connector housing 17 is formed for connection to the electrical system.
  • Fig. 2 two of these conductor composites are shown, of which the formed of the conductor tracks 14 ladder composite I between the plug housing 17 for the electrical system connection (Fig. 1 and 4) and the connector housing 10 of the radiator fan (main fan) 4 is arranged and from the Printed conductors 15 formed conductor composite Il between the connector housing 10 and the connector housing 11 of the secondary fan, not shown.
  • the conductor assemblies I and II for the power supply produced by one of the known methods described above are inserted before the injection molding of the radiator frame 1, preferably by physical foaming, in the lower part of a suitably designed injection mold, wherein the plug connections 12.1, 12.2, 13.1, 13.2 outside of Form to reach space to arrange and thus not be encapsulated.
  • the radiator frame 1 is then produced, wherein the conductor assemblies I and II in the region of the receiving openings 2 and 3 in provided connecting ribs 18, 19 ( Figure 1) between the Zargen Economics and the respective holder 8, 9 are integrated.
  • the plug-in connections 12.1, 12.2 and 13.1, 13.2 are thereby positioned in the region of the plug housing 10, 11 and 17 to be formed and remain un-molded.
  • the assignment of the electric motor 5 to the holder 8 and the formation of the mating connector housing 21 is shown with directly on the electric motor 5 arranged mating connectors 22 for the connector housing 10 with the plug connections 12.2, 13.1 and not shown plug connections of the signal lines.
  • an O-ring is inserted in the connector housing 10.
  • the electric motor 5 is positioned over the holder 8 and placed on this, wherein the plug housing 21 engages in the plug housing 10 and thereby the mating connector 22 are brought into engagement with the plug-in connections 12.2, 13.1 and the plug-in connections of the signal lines.
  • the electric motor 5 is fixed with three fastening screws 23 on the holder 8, whereby the O-ring is tightly clamped. With the attachment of the electric motor 5 to the radiator frame 1 thus simultaneously creates a reliable connector.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a cooling frame (1) comprising at least one electrically driven ventilator (4) provided with an electric motor (5) and a ventilator wheel (6), a receiving opening (2, 3) for the ventilator, and a holding element (8, 9) which is formed in the receiving opening, is used to hold the electric motor connected to the ventilator wheel, and is connected to the body of the frame by means of connecting ribs (7) or the like. Said cooling frame also comprises electrical lines which are guided towards the holding element. The aim of the invention is to create one such cooling frame which is easy to assemble and has an increased level of operating safety. To this end, the lines (14, 15, 20) are cast in the cooling frame (1) or sprayed thereon as separate strip conductors, and the ends of the lines (14, 15, 20) form plug-in connections (12, 13).

Description

Beschreibung description

Kühlerzarge mit wenigstens einem elektrisch angetriebenen LüfterRadiator frame with at least one electrically driven fan

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kühlerzarge mit wenigstens einem elektrisch angetriebenen Lüfter, insbesondere zur Kühlung der Antriebsaggregate in einem Kraftfahrzeug.The invention relates to a radiator frame with at least one electrically driven fan, in particular for cooling the drive units in a motor vehicle.

Elektrisch angetriebene, aus einem Elektromotor und einem Lüfterrad gebildete Lüfter werden insbesondere zur Verbesserung der Motorkühlung und Kühlleistungsverbesserung einer Klimaanlage in einem Kraftfahrzeug eingesetzt. Dabei ist der wenigstens eine Lüfter üblicherweise in eine Kühlerzarge integriert, die am Frontend-Modul des Kraftfahrzeugs direkt am Kühler befestigt ist und die der Ausbildung eines definierten Luftstromes im wesentlichen parallel zur Drehachse des Lüfterrades und damit einer optimalen Kühlung dient. Das Lüfterrad ist dabei direkt mit dem Antriebsmotor gekoppelt, dessen Drehzahl vorzugsweise in Abhängigkeit von der geforderten Kühlleistung geregelt wird.Electrically driven, formed from an electric motor and a fan fan are used in particular for improving the engine cooling and cooling performance improvement of an air conditioner in a motor vehicle. In this case, the at least one fan is usually integrated in a radiator frame which is attached to the front end module of the motor vehicle directly to the radiator and which serves to form a defined air flow substantially parallel to the axis of rotation of the fan wheel and thus optimum cooling. The fan is coupled directly to the drive motor, whose speed is preferably regulated as a function of the required cooling capacity.

Die DE 196 12 679 C2 offenbart dazu einen Lüfter mit einem Lüfterrad mit einer topfförmigen Nabe, die über das Gehäuse des Antriebsmotors gestülpt und mit der Antriebswelle des Elektromotors drehfest verbunden ist. Die Wicklungen desselben sind über ein Verbindungskabel mit der in einem separaten Elektronikgehäuse untergebrachten Steuerelektronik verbunden, das außerhalb des Außenringes des Lüfterrades an der Kühlerzarge befestigt ist. Dabei ist das Verbindungskabel zwischen diesen an einem Befestigungsarm für den Elektromotor angeordnet. Auch in der DE 199 49 322 C1 ist ein Kühlgebläse beschrieben, bei dem die Steuerelektronik für den Elektromotor außerhalb des Außenringes des Lüfterrades an der Kühlerzarge in einem Elektronikgehäuse angeordnet ist.DE 196 12 679 C2 discloses a fan with a fan with a cup-shaped hub, which is placed over the housing of the drive motor and rotatably connected to the drive shaft of the electric motor. The windings thereof are connected via a connecting cable to the control electronics accommodated in a separate electronics housing, which is fastened to the radiator frame outside the outer ring of the fan wheel. In this case, the connection cable between them is arranged on a mounting arm for the electric motor. Also in DE 199 49 322 C1, a cooling fan is described, in which the control electronics for the electric motor outside the outer ring of the fan wheel on the radiator frame is arranged in an electronics housing.

Die Steuereinheit kann aber auch mit dem Antriebsmotor eine bauliche Einheit bilden und in einem gemeinsamen Gehäuse mit diesem untergebracht sein, was den Vorteil hat. dass der Lüfter einen geringeren Platzbedarf hat, elektromagnetisch gut verträglich und weniger störanfällig ist, wie das in der DE 100 44 066 A1 beschrieben ist. Allerdings muss die Kühlerzarge bei einer derartigen Ausbildung eine Stromversorgungsleitung für die Steuereinheit und den Antriebsmotor aufweisen, die ständig unter Spannung steht.The control unit can also form a structural unit with the drive motor and be housed in a common housing with this, which has the advantage. that the fan has a smaller footprint, is well electromagnetically compatible and less prone to failure, as described in DE 100 44 066 A1. However, in such a design, the radiator frame must have a power supply line for the control unit and the drive motor, which is constantly under tension.

Des Weiteren ist eine im Spritzgussverfahren hergestellte Kühlerzarge aus Kunststoff mit zwei Lüftern bekannt, deren elektrische und elektronische Versorgung durch Leitungen erfolgt, die in Leitungskanälen geführt sind. Dabei sind die zu den Lüftern geführten Elektroleitungen mit Steckern untereinander und mit dem Bordnetz verbunden, wobei die Stecker insbesondere auch über an die Kühlerzarge angespritzte Halterungen an dieser festgelegt sind.Furthermore, an injection-molded plastic radiator frame with two fans is known, the electrical and electronic supply is performed by lines in Conduction channels are guided. The guided to the fans electric cables with plugs are connected to each other and to the electrical system, the plugs are in particular also set on the molded Kühlerzarge mounts to this.

Problematisch bei Kühlerzargen kann die Leitungsanordnung und -Verlegung sein. Wenn der Abstand der Kühlerzarge zum Kühler und damit auch der Leitungskanäle zu diesem nur wenige Millimeter beträgt, besteht die Gefahr, dass sowohl die Leitungen als auch die Kühllamellen des Kühlers beschädigt werden, wenn die Leitungen unzureichend fixiert sind, was insbesondere bei spannungsführenden Leitungen die Gefahr von Folgeschäden in sich birgt. Zur Verminderung der Gefahren können die Leitungskanäle als Rast- oder Klemmkanäle ausgebildet und mit Rastelementen versehen sein, in die die Leitungen eingeclipst werden, die jedoch bei der Leitungsverlegung einen sehr hohen Kraftaufwand erfordern. Ein Herausrutschen der Leitungen aus den Leitungskanälen wird durch die relativ hohen Toleranzen bei der Kabellänge begünstigt, die fertigungsbedingt notwendig sind. Als zusätzliche Sicherung gegen das Herausrutschen können beispielsweise Kabelbinder eingesetzt werden, die partiell die Leitungskanäle und die in diesen verlegten Leitungen umschließen, wodurch jedoch der Montageaufwand erhöht wird. Die Stecker werden jeweils mittels einer Rastverbindung an der Kühlerzarge befestigt. Dabei besteht die Gefahr des Abbrechens der Rastnasen.The problem with radiator frames may be the piping arrangement and disassembly. If the distance of the radiator frame to the radiator and thus also the ducts to this is only a few millimeters, there is a risk that both the lines and the cooling fins of the radiator are damaged if the lines are insufficiently fixed, which in particular at live lines the risk of consequential damage. To reduce the dangers, the ducts can be designed as latching or clamping channels and be provided with locking elements, in which the lines are clipped, but which require a very high effort in the wiring. Slipping out of the lines from the ducts is favored by the relatively high tolerances in the cable length, which are necessary due to production. As an additional safeguard against slipping out, for example, cable ties can be used, which partially enclose the cable ducts and the lines laid in them, whereby, however, the assembly effort is increased. The plugs are each secured by means of a latching connection to the radiator frame. There is a risk of breaking off the locking lugs.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Kühlerzarge mit wenigstens einem elektrisch angetriebenen Lüfter nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 so zu gestalten, dass deren Montage vereinfacht und die Betriebssicherheit erhöht sind.It is an object of the invention to design a radiator frame with at least one electrically driven fan according to the preamble of claim 1 so that their assembly is simplified and the reliability are increased.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einer Kühlerzarge nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 durch dessen kennzeichnende Merkmale gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführt.This object is achieved with a radiator frame according to the preamble of claim 1 by its characterizing features. Advantageous embodiments are listed in the subclaims.

Die Erfindung besteht darin, dass bei einer Kühlerzarge mit wenigstens einem elektrisch angetriebenen Lüfter mit einem Elektromotor und einem Lüfterrad, die in bekannter Weise mit einer Aufnahmeöffnung für den Lüfter und einer in dieser ausgebildeten Halterung für den mit dem Lüfterrad verbundenen Elektromotor versehen ist, wobei die Halterung über Verbindungsrippen od. dgl. mit dem Zargenkörper verbunden ist und elektrische Leitungen zur Halterung geführt sind, die Leitungen als voneinander getrennte Leiterbahnen, insbesondere in Gestalt eines mit isolierendem Kunststoff ganz oder teilweise umspritzten und relativ starren Einlegeverbundes aus gestanzten Leiterbahnen, in diese integriert oder an diese angespritzt sind, wobei die Enden der Leitungen zu Steckanschlüssen ausgebildet sind. Diese können dabei von einem an die Kühlerzarge angeformten Steckergehäuse umgeben sein. Die Montage einer derart gestalteten, kompakten Kühlerzarge ist durch die Integration der elektrischen Leitungen für die Strom- und Signalversorgung in den Kühlerzargenkörper und den jeweiligen Verbindungssteg sowie durch die Ausbildung der Leitungsenden zu Steckanschlüssen und die Anformung von Steckergehäusen an die Kühlerzarge erheblich erleichtert. Fixierhilfen zur Positionierung der elektrischen Leitungen entfallen bei der Montage. Darüber hinaus hat die Kühlerzarge den Vorteil, dass die integrierten Leitungen vor Beschädigungen geschützt sind. Weitere Vorteile sind eine Erhöhung der Prozesssicherheit bei der Montage und eine Erhöhung der Betriebssicherheit, die insbesondere durch die Verringerung der Gefahr einer Beschädigung der elektrischen Leitungen gegeben ist. Überdies werden die Fertigungszeit für eine mit einem Lüfter versehene Kühlerzarge sowie die Material- und Fertigungskosten reduziert. Schließlich sind die kunststoffumspritzten elektrischen Leitungen gegenüber der Umwelt, insbesondere Feuchtigkeitseinfluß und Verschmutzung, hermetisch abgeschlossen.The invention consists in that in a radiator frame with at least one electrically driven fan with an electric motor and a fan wheel, which is provided in a known manner with a receiving opening for the fan and a holder formed in this for the electric motor connected to the fan, wherein the Holder via connecting ribs od. Like. Connected to the frame body and electrical lines are led to the holder, the lines as separate interconnects, especially in the form of a completely or partially overmolded with insulating plastic and relatively rigid insert composite of stamped conductors, integrated into this or are molded onto these, wherein the ends of the lines are formed to plug-in connections. These can be surrounded by a molded onto the radiator frame connector housing. The installation of such a design, compact radiator frame is greatly facilitated by the integration of the electrical lines for the power and signal supply in the radiator body and the respective connecting web and by the formation of the line ends to plug connections and the Anformung of connector housings to the radiator frame. Fixing aids for positioning the electrical lines are eliminated during assembly. In addition, the radiator frame has the advantage that the integrated lines are protected from damage. Further advantages are an increase in process reliability during assembly and an increase in operational safety, which is given in particular by reducing the risk of damage to the electrical lines. In addition, the production time for a radiator frame provided with a fan as well as the material and manufacturing costs are reduced. Finally, the plastic-coated electrical lines are hermetically sealed against the environment, especially moisture and pollution.

Dabei sind die Leitungen vorteilhaft im Bereich zwischen dem Zargenkörper und der Halterung in eine ohnehin vorhandene Verbindungsrippe eingegossen. Halterungsseitig ist im Bereich der Anbindungsstelle der Verbindungsrippe an der Halterung ein Steckergehäuse für die motorseitigen Steckanschlüsse angeformt, das zudem benachbart zu einem an der Halterung ausgebildeten Befestigungselement für den Motor angeordnet ist. Damit ist das Steckergehäuse für die bei der Herstellung der lösbaren Steckverbindung mit einem am Elektromotor fest angeordneten Gegenstecker und die dabei auftretenden Kräfte ausreichend stabilisiert.The lines are advantageously poured in the area between the frame body and the bracket in an already existing connection rib. On the mounting side, a plug housing for the motor-side plug-in connections is formed in the region of the connection point of the connecting rib on the holder, which is also arranged adjacent to a mounting element for the motor formed on the holder. Thus, the connector housing for the production of the releasable connector with a fixedly mounted on the electric motor mating connector and the forces occurring is sufficiently stabilized.

Zur Herstellung des Einlegeverbundes empfiehlt es sich, auf eines der aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Verfahren zurückzugreifen, beispielsweise auf die in der DE 39 24 176 A1/C2, der DE 195 19 752 A1/ C2 und der DE 195 13 949 A1 /C2 beschriebenen Verfahren. Grundsätzlich wird bei diesen der Einlegeverbund dadurch hergestellt, dass ein Stanz-Biegeteil aus einem Blech mit voneinander beabstandeten und über einzelne Verbindungsstege miteinander verbundenen Leiterbahnen und den Steckanschlüssen erzeugt wird. Danach werden die Leiterbahnen zusätzlich fixierende Kunststoffbrücken aufgespritzt und anschließend die Verbindungsstege entfernt, insbesondere durch Schneid- oder Stanzwerkzeuge. Der auf diese Weise hergestellte Einlegeverbund wird in die Kühlerzarge integriert und dabei nochmals umspritzt. Dieses nochmalige Umspritzen stellt sicher, dass die Leitungen im Einlegeverbund und dieser hermetisch abgeschlossen sind.To prepare the insert composite, it is advisable to use one of the methods known from the prior art, for example those described in DE 39 24 176 A1 / C2, DE 195 19 752 A1 / C2 and DE 195 13 949 A1 / C2 described method. Basically, in these the insert composite is produced in that a stamped and bent part is produced from a metal sheet with interconnected and interconnected via individual connecting webs interconnects and the plug-in connections. Thereafter, the interconnects additionally fixing plastic bridges are sprayed on and then removed the connecting webs, in particular by cutting or punching tools. The insert composite produced in this way is integrated into the radiator frame and thereby overmoulded again. This repeated overmolding ensures that the lines in the insert composite and this are hermetically sealed.

Die Kühlerzarge wird vorteilhaft durch Spritzgießen hergestellt. Dazu werden der Einlegeverbund vor dem Spritzgießen in der vorbestimmten Anordnung im Unterteil des jeweiligen Spritzgießwerkzeuges positioniert, dieses geschlossen und die Kunststoff- Formmasse, plastifiziert und dosiert, eingespritzt, wobei der Einlegeverbund umspritzt wird. Das Spritzgießwerkzeug ist dabei so ausgebildet, dass die Steckanschlüsse frei bleiben.The radiator frame is advantageously produced by injection molding. For this purpose, the insert composite before injection molding in the predetermined arrangement in the lower part of the positioned each injection mold, this closed and the plastic molding compound, plasticized and metered, injected, wherein the insert composite is overmolded. The injection mold is designed so that the plug-in connections remain free.

Als Spritzgussverfahren eignet sich insbesondere auch das physikalische Schäumen nach dem MuCell-Spritzgießverfahren (DE 698 05 957 12), das Kostenvorteile durch geringere Drücke im Spritzwerkzeug, eine Reduzierung der Zykluszeit, eine Materialeinsparung, verbunden mit einer Gewichtseinsparung bis zu etwa 20%, und auch eine höhere Qualität der hergestellten Kühlerzargen infolge eines geringeren Verzuges derselben, verbunden mit weniger Ausschuss, mit sich bringt. Zudem ist die Maschinengröße gegenüber den üblichen Spritzgießmaschinen reduziert, wodurch weitere Vorteile gegeben sind. Eine mit diesem Verfahren hergestellte Kühlerzarge besteht dann aus einem mikrozellulärem thermoplastischen Schaum.In particular, physical foaming by the MuCell injection molding process (DE 698 05 957 12) is also suitable as an injection molding process, the cost advantages due to lower pressures in the injection molding tool, a reduction of the cycle time, a material saving associated with a weight saving of up to about 20%, and also a higher quality of the manufactured Kühlerzargen due to a lower distortion of the same, associated with less waste, brings. In addition, the size of the machine is reduced compared to the usual injection molding machines, whereby further advantages are given. A radiator frame made with this method then consists of a microcellular thermoplastic foam.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels erläutert. In den zugehörigen Zeichnungen zeigen, teilweise schematisch:The invention will be explained below with reference to an embodiment. In the accompanying drawings show, partially schematically:

Fig. 1 : eine Kühlerzarge mit zwei Aufnahmeöffnungen für jeweils einen elektrisch angetriebenen Lüfter,1: a radiator frame with two receiving openings, each for an electrically driven fan,

Fig. 2: zwei Einlegeverbunde,2: two insertion composites,

Fig. 3: einen Schnitt IM - III durch die Kühlerzarge,3 shows a section IM - III through the radiator frame,

Fig. 4: ein an der Kühlerzarge einstückig angeformtes Steckergehäuse,4: a plug housing integrally formed on the radiator frame,

Fig. 5: eine Halterung für einen Lüfter mitangeformten Steckergehäuse undFig. 5: a holder for a fan mitangeformten connector housing and

Fig. 6: einen am Elektromotor des Lüfters angeordneten Gegenstecker, vergrößert.Fig. 6: arranged on the electric motor of the fan mating connector, enlarged.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine Kühlerzarge 1 mit zwei Aufnahmeöffnungen 2 und 3 für jeweils einen elektrisch angetriebenen Kühlerlüfter, von denen ein Kühlerlüfter 4, der als Hauptlüfter angesteuert wird, in der Aufnahmeöffnung 2 angedeutet ist. Dieser ist aus einem Elektromotor 5 mit integrierter Steuereinheit und einem an diesem angeordneten und angedeuteten Lüfterrad 6 gebildet. Beide Aufnahmeöffnungen 2, 3 weisen jeweils eine einstückig über Verbindungsrippen 7 an die Kühlerzarge 1 angeformte Halterung 8 und 9 für den jeweiligen Elektromotor auf. An diesen Halterungen 8, 9 sind Steckergehäuse 10 und 11 angeformt, in denen Steckanschlüsse 12. 1 , 12. 2 und 13.1 und 13.2 (Fig. 2) angeordnet sind. Diese Steckanschlüsse sind an den Enden von ausgestanzten Leiterbahnen 14, 15 aus einer Kupferlegierung durch Umformen dieser Enden ausgebildet, wobei die Leiterbahnen 14 bzw. 15 jeweils im Abstand voneinander und somit getrennt jeweils zu partiell mit isolierendem Kunststoff umspritzten Einlegeverbunden für die Stromversorgung und die Signalversorgung zusammengefasst sind, die jeweils als Einlegeteile in die Kühlerzarge 1 integriert sind. Die partielle Kunststoffumspritzung bildet dabei Kunststoffbrücken 16 aus, wie in Fig. 2 gezeigt ist, die zugleich Abstandshalter darstellen. An der Kühlerzarge 1 ist auch ein Steckergehäuse 17 für den Anschluss an das Bordnetz angeformt.Fig. 1 shows a radiator frame 1 with two receiving openings 2 and 3, each for an electrically driven radiator fan, of which a radiator fan 4, which is controlled as a main fan, is indicated in the receiving opening 2. This is formed of an electric motor 5 with integrated control unit and arranged on this and indicated fan 6. Both receiving openings 2, 3 each have an integrally formed via connecting ribs 7 to the radiator frame 1 integrally formed holder 8 and 9 for the respective electric motor. Plug housings 10 and 11 are formed on these holders 8, 9, in which plug-in connections 12. 1, 12. 2 and 13. 1 and 13. 2 (FIG. 2) are arranged. These plug-in connections are at the ends of punched conductor tracks 14, 15 of a copper alloy by forming this Formed ends, wherein the conductor tracks 14 and 15 are each at a distance from each other and thus separated in each case partially encapsulated with insulating plastic encapsulated Einlegeverbunden for the power supply and the signal supply, which are each integrated as inserts in the radiator frame 1. The partial plastic encapsulation forms plastic bridges 16, as shown in FIG. 2, which at the same time constitute spacers. On the radiator frame 1 and a connector housing 17 is formed for connection to the electrical system.

In Fig. 2 sind zwei dieser Leiterverbunde dargestellt, von denen der aus den Leiterbahnen 14 gebildete Leiterverbund I zwischen dem Steckergehäuse 17 für den Bordnetzanschluss (Fig. 1 und 4) und dem Steckergehäuse 10 des Kühlerlüfters (Hauptlüfter) 4 angeordnet ist und der aus den Leiterbahnen 15 gebildete Leiterverbund Il zwischen dem Steckergehäuse 10 und dem Steckergehäuse 11 des nicht dargestellten Nebenlüfters.In Fig. 2, two of these conductor composites are shown, of which the formed of the conductor tracks 14 ladder composite I between the plug housing 17 for the electrical system connection (Fig. 1 and 4) and the connector housing 10 of the radiator fan (main fan) 4 is arranged and from the Printed conductors 15 formed conductor composite Il between the connector housing 10 and the connector housing 11 of the secondary fan, not shown.

Die nach einem der eingangs beschriebenen bekannten Verfahren hergestellten Leiterverbunde I und Il für die Stromversorgung werden vor dem Spritzgießen der Kühlerzarge 1 , bevorzugt durch physikalisches Schäumen, in das Unterteil eines entsprechend gestalteten Spritzgießwerkzeuges eingelegt, wobei die Steckanschlüsse 12.1 , 12.2, 13.1 , 13.2 außerhalb des auszuformenden Raumes zur Anordnung gelangen und somit nicht umspritzt werden. Im Spritzgießverfahren wird anschließend die Kühlerzarge 1 hergestellt, wobei die Leiterverbunde I und Il im Bereich der Aufnahmeöffnungen 2 und 3 in vorgesehene Verbindungsrippen 18, 19 (Fig. 1) zwischen dem Zargenkörper und der jeweiligen Halterung 8, 9 integriert werden. Die Steckanschlüsse 12.1 , 12.2 und 13.1 , 13.2 werden dabei im Bereich der zu formenden Steckergehäuse 10, 11 und 17 positioniert und bleiben unumspritzt.The conductor assemblies I and II for the power supply produced by one of the known methods described above are inserted before the injection molding of the radiator frame 1, preferably by physical foaming, in the lower part of a suitably designed injection mold, wherein the plug connections 12.1, 12.2, 13.1, 13.2 outside of Form to reach space to arrange and thus not be encapsulated. In the injection molding process, the radiator frame 1 is then produced, wherein the conductor assemblies I and II in the region of the receiving openings 2 and 3 in provided connecting ribs 18, 19 (Figure 1) between the Zargenkörper and the respective holder 8, 9 are integrated. The plug-in connections 12.1, 12.2 and 13.1, 13.2 are thereby positioned in the region of the plug housing 10, 11 and 17 to be formed and remain un-molded.

Die Integration von Signalleitungen neben, den Leitungen für die Stromversorgung (Leiterverbunde I und II) erfolgt auf die gleiche vorbeschriebene Weise, indem die Signalleitungen 20 zu einem Leiterverbund III vereint und gemeinsam mit dem jeweiligen Leiterverbund I, Il im Spritzgießwerkzeug angeordnet und umspritzt werden. Der Schnitt III - III in Fig. 3 zeigt die übereinander angeordneten, durch die Kunststoffumspritzung bei der Herstellung der Kühlerzarge 1 hermetisch abgeschlossenen und voneinander isolierten Leitungen 14, 20 und die aus diesen gebildeten Leiterverbunde I und IM.The integration of signal lines next to the lines for the power supply (conductor assemblies I and II) takes place in the same manner described above, by the signal lines 20 combined to form a conductor assembly III and together with the respective conductor assembly I, Il arranged in the injection mold and molded. The section III - III in Fig. 3 shows the superposed, by the plastic extrusion in the production of the radiator frame 1 hermetically sealed and insulated from each other lines 14, 20 and the conductor assemblies formed from these I and IM.

In den Fig. 5 und 6 ist die Zuordnung des Elektromotors 5 zur Halterung 8 und die Ausbildung des Gegensteckergehäuses 21 mit direkt am Elektromotor 5 angeordneten Gegensteckern 22 für das Steckergehäuse 10 mit den Steckanschlüssen 12.2, 13.1 und nicht gezeigten Steckanschlüssen der Signalleitungen dargestellt. In das Steckergehäuse 10 wird ein O-Ring eingelegt. Der Elektromotor 5 wird über der Halterung 8 positioniert und auf diese aufgesetzt, wobei das Steckergehäuse 21 in das Steckergehäuse 10 eingreift und dabei auch die Gegenstecker 22 mit den Steckanschlüssen 12.2, 13.1 und den Steckanschlüssen der Signalleitungen in Eingriff gebracht werden. Anschließend wird der Elektromotor 5 mit drei Befestigungsschrauben 23 an der Halterung 8 festgelegt, wodurch der O-Ring dichtend verspannt wird. Mit der Befestigung des Elektromotors 5 an der Kühlerzarge 1 entsteht somit zugleich eine zuverlässige Steckverbindung. 5 and 6, the assignment of the electric motor 5 to the holder 8 and the formation of the mating connector housing 21 is shown with directly on the electric motor 5 arranged mating connectors 22 for the connector housing 10 with the plug connections 12.2, 13.1 and not shown plug connections of the signal lines. In the connector housing 10, an O-ring is inserted. The electric motor 5 is positioned over the holder 8 and placed on this, wherein the plug housing 21 engages in the plug housing 10 and thereby the mating connector 22 are brought into engagement with the plug-in connections 12.2, 13.1 and the plug-in connections of the signal lines. Subsequently, the electric motor 5 is fixed with three fastening screws 23 on the holder 8, whereby the O-ring is tightly clamped. With the attachment of the electric motor 5 to the radiator frame 1 thus simultaneously creates a reliable connector.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 Kühlerzarge1 radiator frame

2 Aufnahmeöffnung2 receiving opening

3 Aufnahmeöffnung3 receiving opening

4 Kühlerlüfter4 radiator fans

5 Elektromotor5 electric motor

6 Lüfterrad6 fan wheel

7 Verbindungsrippe7 connecting rib

8 Halterung8 bracket

9 Halterung9 bracket

10 Steckergehäuse10 connector housing

11 Steckergehäuse11 connector housing

12.1 Steckanschluss12.1 plug connection

12.2 Steckanschluss12.2 plug connection

13.1 Steckanschluss13.1 Plug connection

13.2 Steckanschluss13.2 Plug connection

14 Leiterbahn14 trace

15 Leiterbahn15 trace

16 Kunststoffbrücke16 plastic bridge

17 Steckergehäuse17 connector housing

18 Verbindungsrippe18 connecting rib

19 Verbindungsrippe19 connecting rib

20 Signalleitung20 signal line

21 Gegensteckergehäuse21 mating connector housing

22 Gegenstecker22 mating connectors

23 Befestigungsschraube23 fixing screw

I LeiterverbundI ladder network

Il LeiterverbundIl ladder network

III Leiterverbund III ladder network

Claims

Patentansprüche claims 1. Kühlerzarge mit wenigstens einem elektrisch angetriebenen Lüfter mit einem Elektromotor und einem Lüfterrad, mit einer Aufnahmeöffnung für diesen und einer in der Aufnahmeöffnung ausgebildeten Halterung für den mit dem Lüfterrad verbundenen Elektromotor, wobei die Halterung über Verbindungsrippen oder dgl. mit dem Zargekörper verbunden ist, sowie mit zur Halterung geführten elektrischen Leitungen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Leitungen (14, 15, 20) als voneinander getrennte Leiterbahnen in die Kühlerzarge (1) eingegossen oder an diese angespritzt sind, und dass die Enden der Leitungen (14, 15, 20) zu Steckanschlüssen (12, 13) ausgebildet sind.1. radiator frame with at least one electrically driven fan with an electric motor and a fan wheel, with a receiving opening for this and a holder formed in the receiving opening for the electric motor connected to the fan, wherein the holder is connected via connecting ribs or the like. With the frame body, and with guided to the holder electrical lines, characterized in that the lines (14, 15, 20) are molded as separate interconnects in the radiator frame (1) or molded onto this, and that the ends of the lines (14, 15, 20 ) are formed to plug connections (12, 13). 2. Kühlerzarge nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Leitungen (14, 15, 20) als ein ganz oder teilweise mit isolierendem Kunststoff umspritzter Einlegeverbund (I, II, III) in die Kühlerzarge (1) eingegossen sind.2. radiator frame according to claim 1, characterized in that the lines (14, 15, 20) as a wholly or partially overmoulded with insulating plastic insert composite (I, II, III) are poured into the radiator frame (1). 3. Kühlerzarge nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steckanschlüsse (12, 13) beidendig jeweils von einem an die Kühlerzarge (1) angeformten Steckergehäuse (10, 11 , 17) umgeben sind.3. radiator frame according to claim 1, characterized in that the plug-in connections (12, 13) at both ends of each of a to the radiator frame (1) integrally molded connector housing (10, 11, 17) are surrounded. 4. Kühlerzarge nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Leitungen (14, 15, 20) im Bereich zwischen dem Zargenkörper und der Halterung (8) in eine Verbindungsrippe (18, 19) eingegossen sind.4. radiator frame according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the lines (14, 15, 20) in the region between the frame body and the holder (8) in a connecting rib (18, 19) are cast. 5. Kühlerzarge nach Anspruch 1 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an der Halterung (8) ein Steckergehäuse (10) für die motorseitigen Steckanschlüsse (12, 13) angeformt ist.5. radiator frame according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that on the holder (8) a plug housing (10) for the motor-side plug-in connections (12, 13) is integrally formed. 6. Kühlerzarge nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Steckergehäuse (10, 11 ) im Bereich einer Verbindungsrippe (18, 19) und eines an der Halterung (8, 9) ausgebildeten Befestigungselementes für den Elektromotor (5) ausgebildet ist.6. radiator frame according to claim 5, characterized in that the plug housing (10, 11) in the region of a connecting rib (18, 19) and one on the holder (8, 9) formed fastening element for the electric motor (5) is formed. 7. Kühlerzarge nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Elektromotor (5) mit einem fest angeordneten Gegenstecker (21) für das Steckergehäuse (10) versehen ist. 7. radiator frame according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the electric motor (5) is provided with a fixed mating connector (21) for the plug housing (10). 8. Kühlerzarge nach Anspruch 5, 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steckergehäuse (10, 11) derart gestaltet sind, dass diese dichtend mit dem jeweiligen motorseitigen Gegenstecker (21) verbindbar sind.8. radiator frame according to claim 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that the plug housing (10, 11) are designed such that they are sealingly connected to the respective motor-side mating connector (21) connectable. 9. Kühlerzarge nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Einlegeverbund (I, II, III) dadurch hergestellt wird, dass aus einem Blech, insbesondere aus Kupfer bzw. einer Kupferlegierung, ein Stanz-Biegeteil mit voneinander beabstandeten und durch Verbindungsstege miteinander verbundenen Leiterbahnen (14, 15, 20) und den Steckanschlüssen (12, 13) erzeugt wird, dass danach zusätzlich die Leiterbahnen (14, 15, 20) fixierende Kunststoffbrücken (16) aufgespritzt und anschließend die Verbindungsstege entfernt werden, insbesondere durch Stanzen.9. radiator frame according to claim 2, characterized in that the Einlegeverbund (I, II, III) is produced in that of a sheet, in particular of copper or a copper alloy, a stamped and bent part with spaced apart and interconnected by connecting webs interconnects (14, 15, 20) and the plug-in connections (12, 13) is generated, that then additionally the conductor tracks (14, 15, 20) fixing plastic bridges (16) sprayed and then the connecting webs are removed, in particular by punching. 10. Kühlerzarge nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kühlerzarge (1) durch Spritzgießen hergestellt wird, wobei der Einlegeverbund (I1 II, III) vor dem Spritzgießen in vorbestimmter Anordnung im Unterteil des vorgesehenen Spritzgießwerkzeuges positioniert wird.10. radiator frame according to claim 2, characterized in that the radiator frame (1) is produced by injection molding, wherein the Einlegeverbund (I 1 II, III) is positioned before injection molding in a predetermined arrangement in the lower part of the intended injection mold. 11. Kühlerzarge nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kühlerzarge (1) durch physikalisches Schäumen hergestellt wird. 11. Radiator frame according to claim 10, characterized in that the radiator frame (1) is produced by physical foaming.
PCT/EP2005/007489 2004-07-17 2005-07-11 Cooling frame comprising at least one electrically driven ventilator Ceased WO2006008021A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP05773340A EP1789244A1 (en) 2004-07-17 2005-07-11 Cooling frame comprising at least one electrically driven ventilator

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004034733.6 2004-07-17
DE102004034733A DE102004034733A1 (en) 2004-07-17 2004-07-17 Radiator frame with at least one electrically driven fan

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006008021A1 true WO2006008021A1 (en) 2006-01-26

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Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1789244A1 (en)
DE (1) DE102004034733A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2006008021A1 (en)

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