WO2005044952A1 - Environmentally-friendly machine for the treatment of organic and inorganic waste - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an organic and inorganic waste treatment machine which makes use of a cylindrical vacuum chamber in order to treat previously-triturated organic and inorganic waste by means of pyrolysis within a temperature range of 250 to 410 DEG C and at 10 to 35 mm Hg. The inventive machine also comprises loading and unloading gates and an endless screw which is disposed inside the chamber and which is actuated by a motor and a reducer. The chamber comprises a hood which dissipates the excess heat to the atmosphere. A throat element is connected to the upper part of the chamber, forming a space in which the gases rise in order to move towards valves. The valve comprises two tubes which convey the water vapour and hydrocarbon gases towards condensers. The water vapour is cooled in the water condenser and conveyed to a filter in order to be released into the atmosphere. The hydrocarbon gases are cooled in a hydrocarbon condenser in order to be deposited in liquid form in the separator and, subsequently, extracted by the compressor vacuum pump so as to be compressed in the tank.

Description

 ORGANIC AND INORGANIC WASTE PROCESSING ECOLOGICAL AQUINE

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention refers to the technical field of ecology, since it provides an ecological machine to process organic and inorganic waste and obtain reusable products from them, such as liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Organic and inorganic solid wastes are mostly confined to sanitary landfills and on a smaller scale are recycled using metals, paper, certain plastics, glass, etc. The drawback of sanitary landfills is that they must be far from urban areas, another option is to incinerate them at high temperatures to use them as fuel or to generate electricity, but they pollute considerably.

Machines, apparatus and processes have been developed to solve the aforementioned problems. For example, US Patent 4740270 describes a process for treating rubber in used tires by vacuum pyrolysis, to produce liquid and solid hydrocarbons; which consists of depositing the crushed rubber in a reactor, where the pyrolysis is carried out between 360 to 415 ° C, at a pressure of less than 35 mm Hg, so that the gases and vapors produced remain a few seconds, with which that the production of liquid hydrocarbon is increased and that of gaseous and solid hydrocarbons is decreased. However, several stages are required to carry out this process, making it more complicated, which affects the use of a larger work area; In addition, the configuration of how the reactor is arranged, divided into sections, requires the use of high temperatures to heat the lower sections, and it should be added that its supply hopper is not very accessible because it is located in the most remote part. high of the machine. Another disadvantage of this process is that in the condensation stage it needs to reach temperatures of approximately -20 to -80 ° C, which implies the use of a mixture of acetone and carbon dioxide and a cooling solution such as ethylene. glycol.

US Patent 4,613,408 1984 deals with a fuel-producing apparatus from wastes of the type that is capable of forming flammable oil and gas. The apparatus and method are useful in that vehicle tire debris is available to produce gas capable of operating engines and heaters: the system uses a closed cooking pot and a cooling apparatus to condense the gas formed in the cooking container; It should be noted that the discharge of pollution into the atmosphere is negligible. A disadvantage of this apparatus is that the pot is removed to be cleaned of the slag at regular periods. In addition, the production capacity of this apparatus is low, since the waste is not crushed or moved or stirred inside the pot, thus delaying this processing.

For its part, patent US 5836524 describes an apparatus and process for treating organic and inorganic waste, which produces recyclable fuel, by liquefaction with oil and pyrolysis. The apparatus has an inclined liquefaction and pyrolysis reactor, which in turn has a main body and an endless screw, where the waste will be processed; and an oil heater is responsible for providing a temperature of 200 to 400 ° C. Liquefaction and pyrolysis of the waste emit organic gases, which are sent to condensers for better processing and the light oil is sent to a separator , to remove ferrous and non-ferrous materials; while the dense oil is again sent to the heater to start the cycle again, until it turns into light oil. Therefore, one of the disadvantages of this process is the use of oil, which must be preheated and transferred to the inclined reactor, making this process more expensive.

In WO 03/045595; 2001 describes a tire smelting machine, which includes a vacuum oven to make the smelting, a condenser, and a tank for liquids, thus applying a temperature of 350 ° C, and a pressure of 10 to 20 mm Hg, for 2 to 2:30 h, hydrocarbon gas and oil are obtained without contaminating the environment. The disadvantage of this machine is that due to its configuration it can only treat tires.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION.

The characteristic details of this ecological organic and inorganic waste processing machine are clearly shown in the following description and in the accompanying figures, which are mentioned as examples and should not be considered as limiting.

Brief description of the figures;

Figure 1 is a front view of the ecological organic and inorganic waste processing machine of the present invention. Figure 2 is a right side view of the ecological machine of the present invention. Figure 3 is a left side view of the ecological machine of the present invention

Figure 4 is a rear view of the ecological machine of the present invention. Figure 5 is a longitudinal section showing in detail the interior of the vacuum chamber of the ecological machine of the present invention.

With reference to these figures, the ecological organic and inorganic waste processing machine basically consists of a rectangular metal base 38, on which a cylindrical vacuum chamber 1 is mounted, to process organic and inorganic waste, previously crushed 29 , by pyrolysis at a range of 250 to 410 ° C and a pressure of 10 to 35 mm Hg; at one end of which it has a discharge gate 13 and 40 of the resulting waste; inside there is horizontally a worm screw 2 that gives movement to the waste 29, for a better and faster cooking; and is powered by a motor 14 and a reducer 37. Chamber 1 has a hood 39 that dissipates excess heat into the atmosphere. In the upper part of said chamber 1 it is joined to a throat 99 which is a space where the gases rise to start their exit to valves 3 and 36. In valve 3 there are two pipes 33 and 34, which conduct the steam from water and hydrocarbon gases, respectively, towards condensers. The water vapor is cooled in the condenser 9 and transported to a filter 98 to be released into the environment. While the hydrocarbon gases are cooled in a condenser 4 to be later deposited in liquid form in a separator 5, subsequently, the hydrocarbon vapor is extracted by the compressor vacuum pump 7 to be compressed in a tank 8. relief 36 is useful in case of over pressure, thus avoiding accidents. To feed the waste chamber 1, it has a loading gate 12 and a further armored observation window 11, located externally in the throat 99.

The vacuum chamber 1 is heated by a burner 35 located on one of its sides, which in turn comprises a feeder 66 that provides it with energy.

Condensers 4 and 9 are cooled by a fan 18 which allows the circulation of cold water, using a pump 10 for this.

The machine has a 97 control panel where vacuum meter, manometers and thermometers are located to control and monitor its operation. It also has a dividing wall 31 to separate the control panel from the vacuum chamber 1. The latter may have a jacket as an additional accessory to recover the heat that it radiates. Operation of the ecological organic and inorganic waste processing machine

For the operation of the ecological machine for processing organic and inorganic waste, these are previously crushed and dried, they are deposited in the vacuum chamber 1 by the loading gate 12; it closes hermetically; Subsequently, the burner 35 is ignited and the compressor vacuum pump 7 extracts the air from the chamber, trying to have a pressure between 10 to 35 mm Hg and a temperature of 250 to 410 ° C. In this way a pyrolysis begins, where the The first gases emanating are water vapor, which is conducted through line 33 to a condenser 9, passing through a filter 98 to be dissipated into the atmosphere. Once all the water vapor has been removed, line 33 is closed, and line 34 is opened to conduct the hydrocarbon gases to condenser 4, passing to separator 5, where the liquid hydrocarbons are deposited and the gaseous ones are extracted by the vacuum compressor 7 and compresses them into a reservoir tank 8. The condensers are cooled by water and a fan 18.

In this way, an ecological machine is obtained capable of processing various types of organic and inorganic waste and obtaining reusable products from them, such as liquid, solid and gaseous hydrocarbons. In addition to being simple and compact construction for being made up of few elements. It is energy saving, since the different stages of the process are carried out in a single section. For its operation it requires gas and electricity, which does not happen in US patent 5836524, which requires oil. For gas cooling, only water and ambient air are required, whereas in US patent 4740270, acetone, C02 and ethylene glycol are required.

Claims

CLAIMS Having sufficiently described my invention, I consider and therefore claim as my exclusive property contained in the following clauses: 1. An ecological organic and inorganic waste processing machine, characterized in that it consists of, i) a cylindrical vacuum chamber mounted on a rectangular metal base, to process organic and inorganic waste previously crushed, by pyrolysis at a temperature range from 250 to 410 ° C and 10 to 35 mm Hg; at whose ends it has a discharge gate for the resulting solid waste; Inside there is an endless screw horizontally that gives movement to the waste, for a better and quick cooking, and is driven by a motor and a reducer. It has a hood that dissipates excess heat to the atmosphere. In the upper part it joins a throat, which is a space where gases rise to start their exit to the valves. In one of the valves there are two pipes, which lead water vapor and hydrocarbon gases, towards condensers. Water vapor is cooled in the water vapor condenser and transported to a filter to be released to the environment. While the hydrocarbon gases are cooled in another condenser, to then be deposited in liquid form in a separator, subsequently, the hydrocarbon gases are extracted by a compressor vacuum pump to be compressed in a tank tank. The relief valve is useful in case of over pressure. To feed the waste chamber, it has a loading gate and also an armored observation window; ii) a burner to heat the vacuum chamber, located on one of its sides, which in turn comprises a power supply that supplies it; iii) a pump to circulate water to the condensers; iv) a fan to cool the condensers; v) a control panel where vacuum gauges, manometers and thermometers are located, to control and monitor its operation of the machine; vi) a dividing wall, to separate the control panel from the vacuum chamber. 2. An ecological organic and inorganic waste processing machine according to claim 1, further characterized in that the vacuum chamber can carry as an additional accessory a jacket to recover the heat that it radiates.