WO2001091577A1 - Solid feed and method for preventing bovine hoof disease - Google Patents

Abstract

A solid feed containing biotin, hoof-constituents, and a rumen pH adjusting agent and having been solidified with a solidifier. By licking the solid feed containing biotin, biotin is incorporated into bovine bodies at an elevated dose and thus rumen acidosis and hoof disease can be prevented.

Description

 Description Solid feed and methods for preventing cattle hoof disease Technical field

 The present invention relates to a solid feed and a method for preventing hoof disease in cattle. Background art

 For dairy owners, hoof disease in livestock is a disease that is said to have the greatest economic loss after mastitis and reproductive problems. Livestock suffers from severe stress when they suffer from hoof disease, and this stress is thought to hinder livestock productivity such as loss of body weight and milk yield and milk quality, resulting in increased economic loss.

 As one of the methods for preventing this disease, a method of supplying piotin is known. Piotin is a sulfur-containing water-soluble vitamin that functions as a coenzyme for carboxylase, is involved in gluconeogenesis, fatty acid synthesis, amino acid catabolism, and bacterial propionate synthesis, and produces keratin in relation to hoof strength. It has the effect of promoting.

In addition to biotin, nutrients such as vitamin A, vitamin D, zinc, copper, manganese, methionine, cystine, essential fatty acids, phosphorus, and calcium are required for epithelial cell differentiation and keratin production. It is believed that the deficiency prevents normal hoof formation. In particular, biotin and zinc are considered to be important factors that are likely to be in short supply.The supply of biotin to dairy and beef cattle reduces the incidence of sole ulcers and heel erosions, a type of hoof disease. (Hageme ister, 1989), reduction in interdigital toe (Hochstetter et al., 1989), etc., and milk production (Mid 1a & H oblet, 199 6) and reproductive performance (Bonomi et al., 996) have also been reported to have the effect of improving productivity.

 In addition, oral administration of 5 mg to 20 mg or more of biotin per day to dairy cows results in a linear increase in serum and milk biotin concentrations.

(Steinburg et al., 1994). From this, in order to obtain the effects of the above-mentioned administration of biotin, it is necessary to supply 5 to 20 mg or more of biothion per day as biotin. Was thought to be

 On the other hand, in dairy and beef cattle, increased feeding of concentrated feed increases the production of VFA (lower fatty acids) in the rumen, and also reduces the number of ruminations, causing saliva, which has a buffer effect, to enter the rumen. Replenishment is reduced, often leading to rumen acidosis. This rumen acidosis is known to be a factor that causes laminitis, a type of hoof disease (Blowey, 1993). It is also known that bacterial biotin synthesis itself is inhibited (Da Costa Gomez et al., 1989).

 In addition, bovine saliva is originally made of baking soda that has a buffering effect, and if it is possible to promote bovine salivary secretion, it will prevent rumen acidosis. As one method for effectively secreting saliva, it has been confirmed by the inventors that the amount of saliva increases by eating a mineral block agent or the like.

As mentioned above, it has been known that the supply of bition and zinc is effective for hoof disease, but it is not possible to supply more than 5 mg to 20 mg of biotin per day, which is the recommended amount for livestock. However, the relatively high price of biotin placed an economic burden on livestock owners. In addition, rumen acidosis caused by high supply of concentrated feed reduces the amount of biotin, which should be produced by microorganisms in rumen, and may directly trigger onset of hoof disease. Prevention of rumenacidosis was thought to be important in preventing hoof disease. Disclosure of the invention

 The present inventors have conducted repeated studies on a method for efficiently taking biotin into the body, and as a result, formed a solid feed containing biotin and other hoof components, and a rumen pH regulator, and formed a solid feed. The present invention was found to be able to increase the utilization rate of biotin, make it possible to supply biotin economically by feeding it, and at the same time, to prevent rumenacidosis and to effectively prevent hoof disease, thereby completing the present invention.

 The present invention relates to a method of mixing and solidifying biotin, a hoof component, and a solidifying agent, or a method of mixing biotin, a hoof component, a rumen pH regulator, and a solidifying agent. It is solidified by solidification.

 The biotin used in the solid feed may be a powder, granule or solution such as d-biotin, and may contain about 0.05 to 0.1% by weight of biotin.

 As the hoof component, at least one of the components constituting the hoof can be selected and used as nutrients such as vitamin A, vitamin D, zinc, copper, manganese, methionine, cystine, essential fatty acids, phosphorus, and calcium. It can contain about 0.01 to 20% by weight.

Various organic acids such as citric acid, malic acid, and acetic acid, and sodium bicarbonate can be used alone or as a mixture as a rumen pH adjuster. If the amount of cattle licking solid feed per cow per day is 50 g, the amount that maintains the pH in the rumen after feeding at 6.5 or more, for example, about sodium hydrogen carbonate It can contain 40 to 60% by weight.

 Salt can be used as the solidifying agent, and can contain, for example, about 80 to 99% by weight of salt.

 As the solidifying agent, salt, magnesium salt and molasses can be used. For example, salt is 30 to 45% by weight, magnesium salt is 0.1 to 1.0% by weight, and molasses is about 0.4 to 2%. 8% by weight.

 The solidifying agents include one or more liquid molasses such as molasses or corn steeper, one or more metal oxides, inorganic acids, inorganic salts, organic acids, and organic acids. A mixture with one or more acids or salts selected from the group consisting of acid salts can be used.For example, one or more molasses or a liquid feed such as corn steep liquor 30 to 9 7% by weight, one or more metal oxides 2 to 35% by weight, one or more acids selected from the group consisting of inorganic acids, inorganic acid salts, organic acids, and organic acid salts May contain from 1 to 35% by weight of salts. (Reference: Patent No. 1709418)

Also, the solidifying agent adjusts at least one of corn steep liquor and fish soluble, and at least one of magnesium chloride and calcium chloride, and if necessary, a small amount of water and pH to 3 to 9. PH adjusting solution, and phosphoric acid, for example, containing at least one of corn steep liquor and fish soy liquor, and at least one of magnesium chloride and calcium chloride. It may contain from 5 to 20% by weight, if necessary a small amount of water, a rumen PH regulator to adjust the pH to 3 to 9, and 0.2 to 15.0% by weight of phosphoric acid. (three Reference: Patent No. 2096413)

 The following methods can be used to solidify the solid feed.

 When salt is used as the solidifying agent, a mixture of salt, piotin, and other hoof constituents is mixed with 80 to 98% by weight of salt, 0.005 to 0.

1% by weight, about 0.1 to 20% by weight of hoof component, and press pressure 55

Press and solidify with a hydraulic press of 0 t;

 When salt, magnesium salt, and molasses are used as the solidifying agent, a mixture of dietary salts and magnesium salts, molasses, biotin, and hoof components, and a rumen pH adjuster are also mixed. 30% to 45% by weight of salt, 0.1% to 1.0% by weight of magnesium salt, about 0.4% to 2.8% by weight of molasses, 0.005% to 0.1% by weight of biotin, Combine the hoof component about 0.01 to 20% by weight, the rumen pH adjuster 10 to 60% by weight, and press pressure 550i;

Press and solidify with a hydraulic press of 0 t.

 In addition, liquid feeds such as one or more molasses or corn steeper, one or more metal oxides, inorganic acids, inorganic acid salts, organic acids, and organic acids are used as solidifying agents. When using a mixture with one or more acids or salts selected from the group consisting of salts, liquid feed such as one or more molasses or corn steep liquor 30 to 97 weight %, 1 or

2 to 35% by weight of two or more metal oxides, one or more acids or salts selected from the group consisting of inorganic acids, inorganic acid salts, organic acids, and organic acid salts 1 to

35% by weight of the mixture, 0.005 to 0.1% by weight of piotin, about 0.01 to 20% by weight of the hoof component, and 10 to 60% by weight of a rumen pH adjuster It is solidified by mixing to form a double salt.

In addition, at least one of corn steep liquor and fish soluble, and at least magnesium chloride and calcium chloride should be added to the solidifying agent. If a mixture consisting of one and, if necessary, a minimum of water is added to adjust the pH to 3 to 9 and phosphoric acid, use corn steep liquor and fish soy liquor. Adjust at least one of magnesium chloride and calcium chloride to 0.5 to 20% by weight, if necessary, a small amount of water, and adjust the pH to 3 to 9 with a lumen pH adjuster After mixing with 0.005 to 0.1% by weight of pyotin, about 0.01 to 20% by weight of hoof constituents, and 10 to 60% by weight of a rumen pH adjuster, phosphoric acid was added. It is solidified by adding 2 to 15.0% by weight to form a double salt.

 As described above, containing about 0.005 to 0.1% by weight of piotin, about 0.01 to 20% by weight of a hoof component, and 30 to 9.9% by weight of a solidifying agent. The solidified solid feed can prevent cattle hoof disease by allowing the cow to lick it freely between meals.

 It also contains biotin, hoof constituents about 0.01 to 20% by weight, rumen pH regulator 10 to 60% by weight, and solidifying agent 30 to 9.9% by weight. Feeding the solidified solid feed to cattle freely between meals can prevent rumenacidosis and prevent cattle hoof disease.

 Hereinafter, the results of a test in which the solid feed of the present invention was freely licked by cattle will be described, together with a control example in which the same components were mixed and fed.

38% by weight of salt, 1.0% by weight of magnesium carbonate, 1.5% by weight of molasses, 0.01% by weight of biotin as biotin, and 0.2% of inorganic zinc as a hoof component 5% by weight, organic zinc 0.05% by weight, methionine 0.1% by weight, 50% by weight of sodium bicarbonate as a lumen pH adjuster are mixed, and squeezed by a hydraulic press with a press pressure of 650t. Then, solid feed was prepared. The prepared chow was fed to 126 dairy cows for 6 months. The result is fewer lame cows, harder hooves, and unpaid cattle Compared to, significantly increased blood biotin concentration. The amount of licking at this time was about 35 g, and the daily supply of biotin was about 3.5 mg. In addition, commercially available feed additives containing biotin (dust, product name “Nail Up”; manufactured by Rochevitamine Japan Co., Ltd .; 400 mg of vitamin E 10, OOOrag, d-Piotin, 3,600 mg of organic zinc, Meteonin (7,200 mg) was fed to cattle. In order to increase the concentration of blood biotin, the feed additive equivalent to 1 Omg or more in terms of daily biotin intake (1 Per head per day

"Nail up" 25 g or more) was required.

 38% by weight of salt, 1.0% by weight of magnesium carbonate, 1.5% by weight of molasses, 0.01% by weight of biotin as biotin, and 0.2% of inorganic zinc as hoof component 5% by weight, organic zinc 0.05% by weight, methionine 0.1% by weight, sodium hydrogencarbonate 50% by weight as a pH adjuster are mixed, and pressed with a hydraulic press with a press pressure of 65500t. Solid feed was prepared by pressing and solidifying. When 30 cows were fed the prepared solid feed for 2 months, the blood biotin concentration was about 50 pg / m1 from the initial value of 302 pg / m1 to 348 pg / m1. Raised. The amount of licking at this time was about 18 g, and the amount of supply of biotin described by 1 was about 1.8 mg. In addition, a commercially available feed additive containing piotin (powder, product name "Nail Up"; Roche Vitamin Japan

(Vitamin E 10, OOOmg, d-Piotin 400mg, Organic Zinc 3,600mg, Methionine 7,200mg per kg) is given to cattle to increase blood biotin concentration. To this end, it was necessary to provide feed additives equivalent to at least 1 Omg of daily dietary biotin intake ("nail-up" per animal at least 25 g per day).

As is clear from the above test, the method of feeding cows a solid feed containing biotin increases the amount of biotin taken up by the cows and increases the cost of biomass. It is possible to increase the utilization rate of hottin. In addition, licking solid feed promotes salivary secretion, and a rumen pH regulator prevents the decrease of rumen pH in the rumen, preventing rumen acidosis and preventing bacteria in the rumen. It is considered that by increasing the amount of produced biotin, the blood concentration of biotin was further increased, thereby effectively preventing cattle hoof disease. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

 FIG. 1 is a graph showing the state in which the ratio of cows with hoof disease when the solid feed prepared in Example 5 was licked by cattle was lower than that in the same period of the previous year. FIG. 3 is a graph showing the state in which the percentage of milk fat increased when cows licked the solid feed prepared in Example 5, and FIG. 3 shows the steps taken when cows licked the solid feed prepared in Example 6. Fig. 4 is a graph showing the change in milk yield when the solid feed prepared in Example 6 was licked by a cow, and Fig. 4 is a graph showing the change in milk yield. FIG. 6 is a graph showing a state in which the blood biotin concentration was significantly increased when cattle licked the solid feed prepared in Example 8, and FIG. 6 shows that the solid feed prepared in Example 9 was licked to cattle. Fig. 7 is a graph showing an increase in blood biotin concentration at the second month of the salary when administered. 4 is a graph showing the effect of adjusting pH in rumen by feeding by licking. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

 Next, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

Example 1 98% by weight of salt, 0.1% by weight of piotin, 0.25% by weight of inorganic zinc, 0.05% by weight of manganese, 0.1% by weight of manganese, 0.1% by weight of organic zinc, 0.2% by weight of methionine. Vitamin A 2 After mixing 0.1000 wt% of iron and 0.12 wt% of iron, 0.15 wt% of copper and 0.015 wt% of selenium, 0.015 wt% of selenium and vitamin E2,000 IU, press pressure The mixture was squeezed with a hydraulic press of 750 t and solidified to produce a solid mixed feed. The prepared solid feed had sufficient physical properties to make cows lick.

Example 2

 Salt 37% by weight, Magnesium oxide 0.3% by weight, Molasses 1.2% by weight, Piotin 0.01% by weight, Inorganic zinc 0.25% by weight, Organic zinc 0.1% by weight, Methionin A solid feed was prepared by mixing 0.2% by weight and 50% by weight of sodium bicarbonate, and squeezing and solidifying the mixture with a hydraulic press having a pressing pressure of 650t. The prepared solid feed had sufficient physical properties to make cows lick.

Example 3

 Molasses 8.0% by weight, Corn steep liquor 4.0% by weight, Magnesium oxide 0.8% by weight, Magnesium chloride 0.4% by weight, Piotin 0.05% by weight, Inorganic zinc 0. By mixing 25% by weight, organic zinc 0.05% by weight, methionine 0.1% by weight, vitamin A 2, 000 IU and vitamin D 50,000 IU to form a double salt It was solidified to prepare a solid feed. The produced solid feed had physical properties considered to be sufficient for cattle to lick. Example 4

After adding 300 parts of corn starch, 25 parts of magnesium chloride and 20 parts of water and adjusting the pH to around 6, 0.02% by weight of biotin, 0.25% by weight of inorganic zinc, and 25% by weight of organic zinc 0.05% by weight and 0.1% by weight of methionine were added to each other, and 10 parts of 85% phosphoric acid was added thereto, and the mixture was further stirred for about 2 to 3 minutes. And leave it overnight to remove double salt Solidified by forming. The prepared solid mixed feed had physical properties considered to be sufficient for cattle to lick.

Example 5

 Salt 38% by weight, magnesium carbonate 1.0% by weight, molasses 1.5% by weight, biotin 0.01% by weight, inorganic zinc 0.25% by weight, organic zinc 0.05% by weight, methionine A solid feed was prepared by mixing 0.1% by weight and 50% by weight of sodium bicarbonate and pressing the mixture using a hydraulic press with a press pressure of 65Ot to solidify.

 When the prepared solid feed was fed to 57 cows for 6 months, compared to the previous year when other solid salts not containing piotin were used, all cows treated with veterinarians were affected by hoof disease. Was reduced by about 5% from about 8% to about 3% (Fig. 1), and the milk fat percentage was increased by about 0.5% from about 3.8% to about 4.2% (Fig. 1). Figure). This was considered to be the effect of the presence or absence of hoof components such as piotin and inorganic zinc, organozinc, and methionine in the solid feed and sodium bicarbonate as a rumen pH adjuster. At this time, the amount of licking was about 26 g / animal / day. Calculated from the amount of food consumed, the daily supply of biotin was about 2.6 mg.

Example 6

 Salt 38% by weight, magnesium carbonate 1.0% by weight, molasses 1.5% by weight, biotin 0.01% by weight, inorganic zinc 0.25% by weight, organic zinc 0.05% by weight, methionine A solid feed was prepared by mixing 0.1% by weight and 50% by weight of sodium bicarbonate and pressing the mixture using a hydraulic press with a press pressure of 65Ot to solidify.

When the prepared solid feed was licked by 5 cows for 6 months, the solid feed containing 97% by weight of salt, trace minerals and 200 IU of vitamin E and salt 4 This was compared with 69 control animals that had been fed a solid feed consisting of 0% by weight, 1.0% by weight of magnesium carbonate, 1.5% by weight of molasses, and 50% by weight of sodium bicarbonate. As a result, the gait score at 2, 4, and 6 months after the start of the salary (a score that evaluates the gait status on a five-point scale; normal 1, slight lameness 2, mild lameness 3, moderate lameness 4. Prevention of severe lameness 5) (Fig. 3), improved milk yield by about 20% (Fig. 4), and increased milk fat percentage. This was considered to be due to the fact that hoof components such as piotin and inorganic zinc, organic zinc, and methionine were combined in the solid feed. At this time, the amount of licking was about 34 g / animal / day. Calculated from the amount of food taken, the daily supply of biotin was about 3.4 mg.

Example 7

 Salt 38% by weight, Magnesium carbonate 1.0% by weight, Molasses 1.5% by weight, Piotin 0.01% by weight, Inorganic zinc 0.25% by weight, Organic zinc 0.05% by weight, Methionin A solid feed was prepared by mixing 0.1% by weight and 50% by weight of sodium bicarbonate and pressing the mixture using a hydraulic press with a press pressure of 65Ot to solidify.

 The prepared solid feed was licked by 699 cows from 7 farms for about 6 months, and it improved foot disease and related diseases and increased milk yield compared to 488 unpaid controls. The postpartum accident rate was reduced, and the milk fat percentage was increased. The amount of licking at this time was about 34 g per animal per day on average. Calculated from the amount of food taken, the daily supply of biotin was about 3.4 mg.

Example 8

Salt 38% by weight, Magnesium carbonate 1.0% by weight, Molasses 1.5% by weight, Piotin 0.01% by weight, Inorganic zinc 0.25% by weight, Organic zinc 0.05% by weight, Methionin 0.1% by weight, 50% by weight sodium hydrogen carbonate mixed Then, it was squeezed and solidified by a hydraulic press with a press pressure of 650 t to produce a solid feed.

 The prepared solid feed was fed to 2 dairy cows, 1 2 6 cattle, for 3 months. As a result, the number of lame cows decreased, the hooves became stiff, and the blood biotin concentration increased significantly (Fig. 5). At this time, the amount of licking was about 35 g / animal / day. Calculated from the amount of licking, the daily supply of biotin was about 3.5 mg. In addition, commercially available feed additives containing piotin (powder, product name “Nail-up”; manufactured by Roche Vitamin Japan Co., Ltd .; 10,000 kg of vitamin E, 400 mg of d-biotin, 3,600 mg of organic zinc, 3,600 mg of methionine Was fed to cattle, and in order to increase the concentration of blood biotin, the feed supplement equivalent to 1 Omg or more (1 day) was converted to the daily intake of biotin. Per animal, “nail up” 25 g or more) was required. Example 9

 Salt 38% by weight, Magnesium carbonate 1.0% by weight, Molasses 1.5% by weight, Piotin 0.01% by weight, Inorganic zinc 0.25% by weight, Organic zinc 0.05% by weight, Methionin A solid feed was prepared by mixing 0.1% by weight and 50% by weight of sodium bicarbonate and pressing the mixture using a hydraulic press with a press pressure of 65Ot to solidify.

After feeding the prepared solid feed to 30 cows for 2 months, the blood biotin concentration was about 50 pg / m from the initial 302 pg / m1 to 3488 pg / m1. 1 (Fig. 6). The amount of licking at this time was about 18 g per animal per day on average, and the daily supply of biotin was calculated to be about 1.8 mg. In addition, commercially available feed additives containing biotin (dust, product name “Nail Up”; manufactured by Roche Vitamin Japan Co., Ltd .; 10,000 kg of vitamin E, 400 mg of d-biotin, 3,600 mg of organic zinc, Methionine 7,200 mg) to cattle In order to increase the concentration of blood biotin, feed supplementation equivalent to 1 mg or more of daily dietary intake of dietary supplements (; Up "over 25 g) was required.

Example 10

 38% by weight of salt, 1.0% by weight of magnesium carbonate, 1.5% by weight of molasses, 0.01% by weight of piotin, 0.25% by weight of inorganic zinc, 0.055% by weight of organic zinc, methionine A solid feed was prepared by mixing 0.1% by weight and 50% by weight of sodium bicarbonate and pressing the mixture with a hydraulic press having a press pressure of 65Ot to solidify. Comparison of the rumen pH after ingestion of the cows fed the prepared solid feed, the cows fed the same amount of sodium bicarbonate as a powder, and the cows fed no feed showed that the cows fed the solid feed The lowest value of pH in the rumen was 6.5, while the lowest value of pH in the rumen of cattle fed the same amount of sodium bicarbonate powder and untreated cows was 6.5. . Down to 3. This was considered to be due to the effect of feeding the immobilized rumen pH adjuster to the lick (Fig. 7). Industrial applicability

 The free feeding of the biotin-containing solid feed of the present invention by a cow allows easy intake of biotin and hoof components into the body, increases the utilization of biotin, and enhances saliva and rumen secreted by feeding. By adding an H regulator, rumen acidosis can be prevented and it can be used effectively for the prevention of hoof disease in cattle.

Claims

The scope of the claims 1. A solid feed characterized by being solidified containing biotin, a hoof component, and a solidifying agent.  2. A solid feed that is solidified by containing piotin, a hoof component, a rumen pH adjuster, and a solidifying agent. 3. The solid feed according to claim 1 or 2, comprising about 0.005 to 0.1% by weight of biotin as biotin. 4. The hoof component according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the hoof component is at least one of vitamin A, vitamin D, zinc, copper, manganese, methionine, cystine, essential fatty acid, phosphorus, and calcium. Item. 5. The solid feed according to claim 1, wherein the solidifying agent is salt and solidified by applying pressure together with the solidifying agent.  6. The solid feed according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the solidifying agent is salt, magnesium salt and molasses, and is solidified by applying pressure together with the solidifying agent. .  7. The solidifying agent is one or more molasses or corn steep liquor, etc., liquid feed, one or more metal oxides, inorganic acid, inorganic acid salt, organic acid, organic acid. Claims 1 or 2 characterized by being a mixture with one or more acids or salts selected from the group consisting of salts, and being solidified by being mixed with a solidifying agent. The solid feed according to item 2. 8. The solidifying agent is at least one of corn steep liquor and fish soluble, and at least one of magnesium chloride and calcium chloride. One, and if necessary, a mixed solution adjusted to pH 3 to 9 by adding a minimum amount of water, and phosphoric acid, and solidified by mixing with a solidifying agent. The solid feed according to claim 1 or 2 ₍ 9. The solid feed according to claim 2, wherein the rumen pH adjuster is sodium bicarbonate.  10 0. Bovine hooves characterized by preventing bovine hoof disease by allowing cows to freely eat solid feed containing solidified biotin, hoof constituents, and a solidifying agent Disease prevention methods.  1 1. Prevents cattle hoof disease by allowing cows to freely eat solidified solid feed containing biotin, hoof constituents, a rumen pH adjuster, and a solidifying agent. How to prevent cattle hoof disease.