WO1999051739A1 - Protein variant of the net1 locus - Google Patents
Protein variant of the net1 locus Download PDFInfo
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- WO1999051739A1 WO1999051739A1 PCT/EP1999/002224 EP9902224W WO9951739A1 WO 1999051739 A1 WO1999051739 A1 WO 1999051739A1 EP 9902224 W EP9902224 W EP 9902224W WO 9951739 A1 WO9951739 A1 WO 9951739A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/82—Translation products from oncogenes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
- G01N33/5008—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
- G01N33/5011—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics for testing antineoplastic activity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/574—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K48/00—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2500/00—Screening for compounds of potential therapeutic value
- G01N2500/04—Screening involving studying the effect of compounds C directly on molecule A (e.g. C are potential ligands for a receptor A, or potential substrates for an enzyme A)
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a new protein, a variant of NET1 and the nucleic acid which codes for the new protein.
- the present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition containing the new protein and a method for diagnosis in which the new protein is detected. and screening methods for the identification of molecules with an antmeoplastic effect and / or with an effect on apoptosis processes
- NET1 Neuroepithelioma-transforming gene 1 is an oncogene isolated from neuroepithelial cells by cDNA expression cloning.
- a cDNA clone was isolated which codes for a 54 kDa protein. Closer analysis of the cDNA clone showed that the clone contained an incomplete 5 'end. With the aid of the truncated cDNA clone, the complete coding sequence of the corresponding gene was isolated. Sequence analysis showed that the complete clone encoded an additional 145 amino acids at the 5' term.
- the complete cDNA The clone showed no transforming activity in the NIH3T3 assay, in which the induction of focus formation is used as an indicator for the transforming activity of a protein.
- the cDNA clone shortened at the 5 'end showed transforming activity in the NIH3T3 assay.
- the shortened cDNA clone however, represented a cloning artifact and does not represent a transcript actually occurring in vivo remains the biological significance of the gene product of the NET1 locus is unclear (Vgl Chan et al 1996)
- Rho-A, -B, -C, Rad and Cdc42Hs Guanm nucleotide exchange factors
- GEF factors contain a further domain in addition to the characteristic DH domain (Pleckstrin Homology Domain, PH), the products the phosphatidyl-inositol-3-nucleus (PI3K) binds (Han et al, 1998) In this way two different signal transduction pathways (Rho and PI3K) are connected to each other
- the present invention was based on the technical problem of identifying further genes and gene products which are involved in the regulation of cell reproduction and / or apoptosis.
- This object is achieved according to the invention by a protein variant of NET1, comprising amino acids 1 to 30 of the sequence according to SEQ ID No. 1 and derivatives derived therefrom, obtained by substitution, addition, insertion and / or deletion, and coding for this by a nucleic acid
- this problem is solved by the protein and the corresponding nucleic acid specified as well as by an oligonucleotide that hybridizes specifically with a nucleic acid specified above. and an antibody which is specific for a protein specified above.
- This problem is also solved by a diagnostic method in which an above-mentioned given protein or a nucleic acid specified above is detected in a patient sample
- the present invention was based on the technical problem of specifying methods with which molecules with an antineoplastic effect or with an apoptosis-influencing effect can be identified
- this problem is solved by bringing the molecules to be examined into contact with a sample which contains an above-mentioned protein or a corresponding nucleic acid
- Figure 1 shows the schematic representation of the gene trap integration into an alternative exon of NET1
- FIG. 2 shows the induction of the NET1 A according to the invention in FDCP1 cells withdrawn from IL3
- FIG. 3 shows the induction of NET1A in differentiating embryonic stem cells
- FIG. 4 shows the restriction map of various expression vectors with NET1 or the NET1A according to the invention
- the protein according to the invention is a transforming protein which differs from the non-transforming proto-oncogene product NET1-cl24, the previously known protein of the NET1 locus in that it has an alternative N-terminus.
- the protein NET1A according to the invention represents the product of an alternative transcript of NET1 -Locus and as such, ie without further truncations, is transformative in the NIH3T3 assay. Without being bound by any theory, it is assumed that the new oncogene product exerts its transforming property by activating the Rho signal transduction pathway (cf. also Hart et al 1994)
- the invented Protein according to the invention thus relates to a new transforming gene product which can either directly or indirectly lead to the development of cancer.
- NET1A is induced in hematopoietic cells during apoptosis. It can therefore be assumed that it is directly or indirectly at the Regulation of programmed cell death is involved The induction of the gene product in hematopoietic cells during apoptosis ultimately also led to the identification and cloning of the gene product.
- the identification of the alternative NET1 gene product was carried out with the help of gene gene integration, which was designed to identify transiently expressed genes ( see PCT / EP97 / 06816, Russ et al, 1996) It can be assumed that the protein according to the invention plays a central role in the regulation of the cell cycle, with on the one hand deregulation of the cell cycle for uncontrolled cell proliferation and thus ultimately for tumors Development, and on the other hand can lead to increased cell death. This means that the provision of the protein variant according to the invention opens up the possibility, by influencing the activity of the protein according to the invention, to regulate the deregulated cell proliferation in such a way that the increased cell proliferation and / or the increased cell death are reversed can be
- a preferred protein according to the invention comprises the first 30 amino acids from M to Q in the sequence of SEQ ID No. 1. These amino acids are encoded by the hitherto unknown alternative exon of the NET1 locus. Also included are variants of this protein which can be obtained by substitution, addition, Deriving insertion and / or deletion of one or more amino acids, whereby this change in the protein sequence changes the biological activity less than factor 5, preferably less than factor 2, compared to the protein with the sequence according to SEQ ID No. 1 understood how it is obtained in the NIH3T3 focus imaging assay as described in Baasner et al (1996). The preparation of the further protein derivatives is readily known to the person skilled in the art.
- Another preferred protein comprises the first 3 0 amino acids of M to Q according to SEQ ID No. 2
- Further preferred proteins are those which comprise the sequence according to SEQ ID No. 1 or SEQ ID No. 2.
- An inversion of protein segments is also recorded, inversions ultimately also being a substitution of one or more amino acids on the corresponding ones Positions can be viewed
- nucleic acids according to the invention are those which comprise a sequence which code for a protein of the type described above. Also included are complementary nucleic acids.
- the nucleic acid according to the invention is preferably selected from a) nucleic acid molecules which are suitable for a protein with SEQ ID No.
- nucleic acid molecules mentioned under a) to d) encodes, b) nucleic acid molecules that code for a protein derivative specified above, c) nucleic acid molecules that hybridize with the molecules according to a) and / or b), d) nucleic acid molecules whose sequence is degenerate due to the genetic code compared to the sequences of under a), b) or c) the nucleic acid molecules mentioned and e) fragments, derivatives or allelic variants of the nucleic acid molecules mentioned under a) to d)
- a preferred group of nucleic acid molecules are those which hybridize with the sequence according to SEQ ID No. 3 and preferably code for a protein with the biological activity of NET1A.
- Particular preference is given to nucleic acids which hybridize with sequence ID No. 3 and sequences which are complementary thereto specifically, that the person skilled in the art can set the hybridization conditions in such a way that the hybridizing sequence results only in the background DNA with the target DNA according to SEQ ID No. 3
- the oligonucleotide according to the invention comprises at least 6, preferably at least 12 and particularly preferably at least 18 nucleotides and hybridizes specifically with one of the nucleic acid molecules described above.
- An oligonucleotide of the type mentioned which hybridizes specifically with a nucleic acid which codes for SEQ ID No. 1 or 2 is particularly preferred. Also preferred are those oligonucleotides that hybridize specifically with the sequence according to SEQ ID No. 3 and / or No. 4, and the oligonucleotides complementary thereto.
- a particular area of application of the oligonucleotides according to the invention is the detection of nucleic acid in patient material which codes for the NETIA protein according to the invention.
- the selection of the hybridization conditions for the specific detection of the nucleic acid in the patient material lies in the skill of the art. For example, by selecting the oligonucleotide sequence, oligonucleotide length and / or the hybridization conditions, such as temperature and buffer composition, he can choose the conditions such that a signal is obtained with the oligonucleotide sample only when the nucleic acid to be detected is present in the patient material.
- the respective conditions such as are used, for example, to carry out the Southern blot analysis, are described in detail in Maniatis et al. (1989).
- the oligonucleotide according to the invention serves as a primer for the detection of the nucleic acid by means of PCR.
- the hybridization and reaction conditions to be selected for this are also familiar to the person skilled in the art. The person skilled in the art can easily choose the suitable oligonucleotides on the basis of the sequences described herein.
- the recombinant nucleic acid according to the invention contains a nucleic acid or an oligonucleotide as described above.
- the recombinant nucleic acid as well as the nucleic acid according to the invention and the oligonucleotide according to the invention are preferably DNA.
- the usual cloning and / or expression vectors come into consideration as recombinant nucleic acid molecules. Any nucleic acid in which a nucleic acid or an oligonucleotide is linked to a further nucleic acid as described above is regarded as recombinant nucleic acid, the further nucleic acid usually not being present in the natural environment of the nucleic acid according to the invention.
- Suitable vector systems for combination Ren with the nucleic acid according to the invention or the oligonucleotide are also described in Maniatis et al (1989)
- the kit according to the invention contains the materials which are necessary for the detection of the protein according to the invention and / or the nucleic acid coding therefor in a given sample material.
- the sample material is preferably patient material in which the protein or the corresponding nucleic acid, in particular the NET1A transcript.
- the kit contains oligonucleotides which are suitable as a polymer for the detection of the nucleic acid according to the invention by means of PCR.
- the kit can also contain an antibody which is specific for the invention Protein The kit is then suitable, for example, for the detection of NET1 A in patient material by Western blotting
- a polyclonal antiserum can be produced by administering the protein according to the invention to a nipple.
- a polyclonal antiserum can be produced by administering the protein according to the invention to a nipple.
- the antibody is directed against a protein segment from the amino terminus of the protein according to the invention. In a further, particularly preferred embodiment, the antibody reacts with the protein segment from positions 1 to 30 in the sequence according to SEQ ID No. 1
- the proteins, nucleic acids or antibodies according to the invention are preferably used as an active ingredient in a pharmaceutical composition. If the indication indicates that the body's own NET1A protein level is to be used. the protein according to the invention can be administered directly as part of a pharmaceutical composition. Alternatively, the level of N ET 1 transcript can also be increased by gene therapy measures. For this purpose, the nucleic acid according to the invention can be administered to the patient under the control of a strong promoter
- the present invention also opens up the possibility of lowering the expression levels of the protein and / or its biological action.
- a nucleic acid according to the invention which is controlled by a strong promoter in antisense orientation, can be introduced into the organism.
- the expression of the nucleic acid according to the invention in antisense orientation has the result that the translation of the NET1A transcept is blocked in vivo and thus less protein according to the invention is produced.
- the biological activity of the protein can be decreased by administering an antibody that is specifically directed against the protein.
- the present invention further provides a method for diagnosing a predisposition to cancer or diagnosing cancer.
- the protein according to the invention has transforming activity in the NIH3T3 focus formation test.
- the protein is significantly involved in the Deregulation of the cell cycle is involved.
- the (over) expression of NET1 A can lead to an uncontrolled cell proliferation, the latter ultimately leading to the occurrence of cancer.
- the detection of the amount of protein according to the invention in a patient sample can provide an indication of the Giving the risk and / or the severity of cancer
- the nucleic acid coding therefor can also be used as a diagnostic marker.
- the amount of transcript which codes for a protein with the sequence according to SEQ ID No. 1 can be used as a measure s a how high the risk or how advanced a cancer is
- the diagnostic marker NETIA protein or allelic variants thereof can be determined, for example, with the aid of immunological detection reactions.
- the proteins of the patient material can be separated electrophoretically and transferred to a solid support.
- the diagnostic marker NET1A is then detected, for example, by adding the Antibody according to the invention, as in the Western blot method.
- the nucleic acid according to the invention serves as a diagnostic marker.
- the transcript which codes for the protein according to the invention can be detected in the context of Southern blot analyzes Detect transknpt in addition to other transcripts, possibly also from the NET1 locus, by using a sample that is specific for the portion of this nucleic acid encoding the first 30 amino acids Section corresponds to the first alternative exon, as indicated schematically in FIG. 1.
- the transknpt for NET1 A according to the invention can also be distinguished by size from the non-transforming NET1 transknpt.
- the transknpt according to the invention is approximately 150 nucleotides shorter than the non-transforming NET1 transknpt The latter codes for a protein product that is about 53 amino acids longer than NET1A
- the nucleic acid according to the invention as a diagnostic marker can also be specifically detected by PCR.
- a primer can be used which is specific for the nucleic acid comprising the alternative exon, while the second primer can be chosen as desired within the overall sequence the transcript containing the alternative exon is amplified and thus detected. Detection of the transcript according to the invention via its modified transcript length is also possible in this way.
- the additional cleavage of the amplified nucleic acid with restriction enzymes offers another possibility between the transknpt according to the invention and the further transcripts of the cell differentiate
- the present invention opens up the possibility of identifying molecules with an antineopiastic effect.
- the molecule to be examined can be brought into contact with a sample which contains the protein according to the invention and / or the nucleic acid according to the invention.
- the protein according to the invention plays a role Role in the neoplastic transformation, it being assumed that the risk of a neoplastic transformation increases with the increased expression of the protein.
- the screening method according to the invention it is thus possible, for example, to test molecules which have an influence on the expression level of the protein according to the invention
- the expression rate of the protein according to the invention of an untreated cell is compared with the expression rate of a cell after contact with the molecule to be tested
- NET1A is induced in hematopoietic cells during apoptosis and is involved in the regulation of programmed cell death. Accordingly, within the scope of the present invention, substances can be tested for their potential Influence on apoptosis processes can be tested by examining to what extent the molecules lead to an altered expression of the protein according to the invention or to an altered biological activity of the protein
- the present invention also makes it possible to provide the protein according to the invention in large quantities by providing the means required for recombinant production.
- a recombinant nucleic acid which codes for the desired protein is exposed in a host cell.
- the usual prokaryotic and eu caryotic host organisms and expression systems are considered.
- the individual measures for the recombinant production of a protein are known to the person skilled in the art and can be found, for example, in Maniatis et al (1989).
- FIG. 2 shows that NET1 A is induced as early as 0.5 hours after IL3 withdrawal. This can be seen from FIG.
- Regions coding for NET1 and NET1A were amplified with exon-1-specific and common 3'-primes from differentiating ES cells and cloned into the retroviral expression vector MLDelSM401 (cf. Hildinger et al, 1998). The specific numbers were as follows
- the NET1 variants were amplified using the pfu polymerase (strategy) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
- the constructs pMLdelAstopl (contains NET1A, see FIG. 4A) and pMLdelBstop4 (contains NET1, see FIG. 4B) were transfected into ecotropic ⁇ nx packaging cells ( see Pear et al, 1993) After 24 hours of incubation, the NIH3T3 cells were infected with ⁇ nx virus supernatants. Stable NET1A and NET1 expressing clones were determined by "limiting 13
- the plasmid pUC19 is based on the retroviral expression vectors specified above
- NET1A, NET1A4 and NET1A7 are clones which express the new splice variant (NET ⁇ A).
- NET1 B2, NET1 B6 and NET1 B9 are clones which express the known splice variant (NET1)
- the FDCP1 cells were supplemented with 10% (v / v) at concentrations of 1 ⁇ 10 6 cells per ml in Dul becco's modified Eagles Medium (DMEM Gibco). 14
- fetal calf serum Hyclone, Utah, USA
- 5 ng / ml recombinant mouse IL3 Novartis
- D3 ES cells (from Melchner et al., 1992) were exposed to irradiated (32Gy) feeder cells in DMEM, 15% FCS (Linaris, Bettingen), 100 mM non-essential amino acids (GibcoBRL), 0.1 mM ⁇ - Mercaptoethanol (Sigma), 1000 U / ml LIF (Esgro®; GibcoBRL) grown. Differentiation was induced in DMEM, 20% FCS, 0.3 mM ß-mercaptoethanol and 100 mM non-essential amino acids in the absence of LIF and feeder cells in bacterial petri dishes. Under these conditions, so-called “embryoid bodies" are formed (Doetschman et. Al, 1985).
- Reaction batch A 1 ⁇ l rHex (0.2 ⁇ g / ⁇ l) 1 ⁇ l RNA (1 ⁇ g / ⁇ l) 9 ⁇ l H 2 0 (RNase-free)
- Reaction batch B 6 ⁇ l 5 x RT buffer (GibcoBRL)
- Reaction batch A was heated to 65 ° C. for 10 min, cooled on ice and then added to reaction batch B. The reaction mixture was then heated from 30 ° C. to 45 ° C. over 15 minutes and incubated at this temperature for a further 1.5 hours. After inactivation at 65 ° C. for 30 min, 1 ⁇ l of the reverse transcription product was used for the PCR.
- the PCR was carried out with Gibco-Taq polymerase according to the manufacturer's instructions in a Perkin Elmer thermal cycler as follows: 5 min 94 ° C; 33 cycles (1 min 94 ° C, 1 min 61 ° C, 1 min 72 ° C) and 15 min 72 ° C. the specific primers were as follows:
- Northem blot hybridizations were carried out according to standard methods with the 32 P-labeled alternative exon 1 (NET1A) and L32 (Neznanov et al., 1993) probes.
- SEQ ID No. 1 represents the human protein.
- SEQ ID No. 2 represents the mouse protein.
- SEQ ID No. 3 represents the human cDNA.
- SEQ ID No. 4 represents the mouse cDNA.
- Rho GTPases and the actm cytoskeleton Science 279: 509-514.
- Oncogene ectl is related to regulators of small GTP-bmdmg protems. Nature 362: 462-465.
- D4-GDI a Substrate of CPP32, is proteolyzed during ras-mduced apoptosis J. Biol. Chem. 271: 11209-11213
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Abstract
Description
Proteinvariante des NET1-Locus Protein variant of the NET1 locus
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein neues Protein, eine Variante von NET1 , sowie die Nukleinsaure, die für das neue Protein kodiert Femer betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung eine pharmazeutische Zusammensetzung, enthaltend das neue Protein und ein Verfahren zur Diagnose, bei dem das neue Proteine nachgewiesen wird, sowie Screening-Verfahren zur Identifizierung von Molekülen mit antmeoplastischer Wirkung und/oder mit Wirkung auf ApoptosevorgangeThe present invention relates to a new protein, a variant of NET1 and the nucleic acid which codes for the new protein. The present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition containing the new protein and a method for diagnosis in which the new protein is detected. and screening methods for the identification of molecules with an antmeoplastic effect and / or with an effect on apoptosis processes
NET1 (Neuroepithelioma-transformierendes Gen 1 ) ist ein Onkogen, das aus Neuroepithe omzellen durch cDNA-Expressionsklonierung isoliert wurde Bei diesen Untersuchungen wurde ein cDNA-Klon isoliert, der für ein 54 kDa-Protein kodiert Die nähere Analyse des cDNA-Klons zeigte, daß der Klon ein unvoll- standiges 5'-Ende enthielt Mit Hilfe des trunkierten cDNA-Klons wurde die voll- standige kodierende Sequenz des entsprechenden Gens isoliert Die Sequenzanalyse ergab, daß der vollständige Klon für zusatzliche 145 Aminosäuren am 5'- Termius kodierte Der vollständige cDNA-Klon zeigte keine transformierende Aktivität im NIH3T3-Assay, bei dem die Induktion der Fokusbildung als Indikator für die transformierende Aktivität eines Proteins gewertet wird Der am 5'-Ende verkürzte cDNA-Klon zeigte transformierende Aktivität im NIH3T3-Assay Da der verkürzte cDNA-Klon jedoch ein Klonierungsartefakt darstellte und nicht ein in vivo tatsächlich vorkommendes Transkript repräsentiert, bleibt die biologische Bedeutung des Genprodukts des NET1-Locus unklar (Vgl Chan et al 1996)NET1 (Neuroepithelioma-transforming gene 1) is an oncogene isolated from neuroepithelial cells by cDNA expression cloning. In these studies, a cDNA clone was isolated which codes for a 54 kDa protein. Closer analysis of the cDNA clone showed that the clone contained an incomplete 5 'end. With the aid of the truncated cDNA clone, the complete coding sequence of the corresponding gene was isolated. Sequence analysis showed that the complete clone encoded an additional 145 amino acids at the 5' term. The complete cDNA The clone showed no transforming activity in the NIH3T3 assay, in which the induction of focus formation is used as an indicator for the transforming activity of a protein. The cDNA clone shortened at the 5 'end showed transforming activity in the NIH3T3 assay. The shortened cDNA clone however, represented a cloning artifact and does not represent a transcript actually occurring in vivo remains the biological significance of the gene product of the NET1 locus is unclear (Vgl Chan et al 1996)
Sequenzvergleiche des NET1 -Produkts mit bekannten Proteinen zeigt eine Strukturhomologie zu den Guanm-Nukleotid-Austauschfaktoren (GEF) für GTPasen der Rho-Fami e Bereits in den achtziger Jahren wurde mit den humanen dbl-Protoonkogenen eine neue Klasse von Genen entdeckt, die in einer N- termmal trunkierten Form Saugerzellen transformieren (Eva A und Aaronson S 1985, Eva et al 1988, Ron et al 1988) Zu den bekannten Vertretern dieser Klasse gehören dbl BCR, vav, ect2, ost tim Tιam-1 sowie NET1 Sämtliche Gene kodieren für Guanm-Nukleotid-Austauschfaktoren (GEF), die über den Aus- tausch von GDP durch GTP eine oder mehrere GTPasen der Rho-Familie (Rho- A, -B, -C, Rad und Cdc42Hs) aktivieren (Chan et al , 1994, Chan et al , 1996, Habets et al , 1994, Hörn et al , 1994, Katzav et al , 1989, Miki et al , 1993) Obwohl die Funktionen der Rho-Familienmitglieder noch nicht ausreichend definiert sind, wird neben deren Einfluß auf das Aktmcytoskelett vor allem eine Partizipie- rung bei der Regulation des Zellzyklus vermutet (Hall 1998) Darüber hinaus haben Uberexpressionsversuche in Saugerzellen gezeigt, daß Rho-Proteine sowohl Apoptose stimulieren als auch inhibieren können (Brenner et al , 1997, Crespo et al , 1996, Na et al , 1996, Perona et al , 1997 bzw Bobak et al , 1997, Esteve et al , 1995, Henning et al , 1997, Jimenez et al , 1995) Die GEF-Faktoren spielen hierbei als Aktivatoren der Rho-Familienmitglieder eine besondere Rolle GEF- Faktoren enthalten neben der charakteristischen DH-Domane eine weitere Domäne (Pleckstrin Homology Domain, PH), die Produkte der Phosphatidyl-Inositol- 3-Kιnase (PI3K) bindet (Han et al , 1998) Auf diese Weise werden zwei unterschiedliche Signaltransduktionswege (Rho und PI3K) miteinander verbundenSequence comparisons of the NET1 product with known proteins shows a structural homology to the Guanm nucleotide exchange factors (GEF) for GTPases of the Rho family. As early as the 1980s, a new class of genes was discovered with the human dbl proto-oncogenes N-term truncated form transform suction cells (Eva A and Aaronson S 1985, Eva et al 1988, Ron et al 1988). Well-known representatives of this class include dbl BCR, vav, ect2, ost tim Tιam-1 and NET1. All genes code for Guanm nucleotide exchange factors (GEF) Exchange of GDP by GTP activate one or more GTPases of the Rho family (Rho-A, -B, -C, Rad and Cdc42Hs) (Chan et al, 1994, Chan et al, 1996, Habets et al, 1994, Hörn et al, 1994, Katzav et al, 1989, Miki et al, 1993) Although the functions of the Rho family members have not yet been adequately defined, participation in regulating the cell cycle is suspected in addition to their influence on the actm cytoskeleton (Hall 1998) In addition, overexpression experiments in sucker cells have shown that Rho proteins can both stimulate and inhibit apoptosis (Brenner et al, 1997, Crespo et al, 1996, Na et al, 1996, Perona et al, 1997 or Bobak et al, 1997, Esteve et al, 1995, Henning et al, 1997, Jimenez et al, 1995) The GEF factors play a special role as activators of the Rho family members. GEF factors contain a further domain in addition to the characteristic DH domain (Pleckstrin Homology Domain, PH), the products the phosphatidyl-inositol-3-nucleus (PI3K) binds (Han et al, 1998) In this way two different signal transduction pathways (Rho and PI3K) are connected to each other
Der vorliegenden Erfindung lag das technische Problem zugrunde, weitere Gene und Genprodukte zu identifizieren, die an der Regulation der Zellpro feration und/oder Apoptose beteiligt sind Diese Aufgabe wird erfmdungsgemaß gelost durch eine Proteinvariante von NET1 , umfassend die Aminosäuren 1 bis 30 der Sequenz gemäß SEQ ID Nr 1 und davon abgeleitete, durch Substitution, Addition, Insertion und/oder Deletion erhaltene Derivate, sowie durch eine Nukleinsau- re kodierend hierfürThe present invention was based on the technical problem of identifying further genes and gene products which are involved in the regulation of cell reproduction and / or apoptosis. This object is achieved according to the invention by a protein variant of NET1, comprising amino acids 1 to 30 of the sequence according to SEQ ID No. 1 and derivatives derived therefrom, obtained by substitution, addition, insertion and / or deletion, and coding for this by a nucleic acid
Ein weiteres Problem bestand dann, Mittel und Wege aufzuzeigen mit denen eine Krebsfruherkennung und deregulierte Apoptosevorgange erkannt werden können Dieses Problem wird erfmdungsgemaß gelost durch das oDen angegebene Protein und die entsprechende Nukleinsaure sowie durch ein Oligonukleo- tid, das spezifisch mit einer oben angegebenen Nukleinsaure hybridisiert, sowie einem Antikörper, der spezifisch für ein oben angegebenes Protein ist Ferner wird dieses Problem gelost durch ein Diagnoseverfahren, bei dem ein oben an- gegebenes Protein oder eine oben angegebene Nukleinsaure in einer Patientenprobe nachgewiesen wirdA further problem was then to point out ways and means by which early cancer detection and deregulated apoptosis processes can be recognized. According to the invention, this problem is solved by the protein and the corresponding nucleic acid specified as well as by an oligonucleotide that hybridizes specifically with a nucleic acid specified above. and an antibody which is specific for a protein specified above. This problem is also solved by a diagnostic method in which an above-mentioned given protein or a nucleic acid specified above is detected in a patient sample
Schließlich lag der vorliegenden Erfindung das technische Problem zugrunde, Verfahren anzugeben, mit denen Moleküle mit antineoplastischer Wirkung bzw mit Apoptose-beeinflussender Wirkung identifiziert werden könnenFinally, the present invention was based on the technical problem of specifying methods with which molecules with an antineoplastic effect or with an apoptosis-influencing effect can be identified
Dieses Problem wird erfindungsgemaß gelost, indem die zu untersuchenden Moleküle mit einer Probe in Kontakt gebracht werden, die ein oben genanntes Protein bzw eine entsprechende Nukleinsaure enthaltAccording to the invention, this problem is solved by bringing the molecules to be examined into contact with a sample which contains an above-mentioned protein or a corresponding nucleic acid
Figur 1 zeigt die schematische Darstellung der Genfallenintegration in ein alternatives Exon von NET1Figure 1 shows the schematic representation of the gene trap integration into an alternative exon of NET1
Figur 2 zeigt die Induktion des erfindungsgemaßen NET1 A in IL3 entzogenen FDCP1 -ZellenFIG. 2 shows the induction of the NET1 A according to the invention in FDCP1 cells withdrawn from IL3
Figur 3 zeigt die Induktion von NET1A in differenzierenden embryonalen StammzellenFIG. 3 shows the induction of NET1A in differentiating embryonic stem cells
Figur 4 zeigt die Restriktionskarte verschiedener Expressionsvektoren mit NET1 bzw dem erfindungsgemaßen NET1AFIG. 4 shows the restriction map of various expression vectors with NET1 or the NET1A according to the invention
Das erfindungsgemaße Protein ist ein transformierendes Protein, das sich von dem nicht-transformierenden Protoonkogenprodukt NET1-cl24, dem vorbekannten Protein des NET1-Locus dadurch unterscheidet, daß es einen alternativen N- Terminus aufweist Das erfindungsgemaße Protein NET1A repräsentiert das Produkt eines alternativen Transkripts des NET1 -Locus und ist als solches, d h ohne weitere Trunkierungen transformierend im NIH3T3-Assay Ohne an eine Theorie gebunden zu sein wird angenommen, daß das neue Onkogenprodukt seine transformierende Eigenschaft dadurch ausübt daß es zu einer Aktivierung des Rho-Signaltransduktionsweges fuhrt (vgl auch Hart et al 1994) Das erfin- dungsgemaße Protein betrifft somit ein neues transformierendes Genprodukt, das entweder direkt oder indirekt zur Krebsentstehung fuhren kann Darüber hinaus wurde auch gefunden, daß das NET1A wahrend der Apoptose in hamato- poetischen Zellen induziert wird Es ist daher davon auszugehen, daß es direkt oder indirekt an der Regulation des programmierten Zelltods beteiligt ist Die Induktion des Genprodukts in hamatopoetischen Zellen wahrend der Apoptose führte schließlich auch zur Identifizierung und Klonierung des Genprodukts Die Indentifizierung des alternativen NET1 -Genprodukts erfolgte mit Hilfe der Genfal- lenintegration, die zur Identifizierung transient expπmierter Gene konzipiert worden ist (vgl PCT/EP97/06816, Russ et al , 1996) Es ist davon auszugehen, daß das erfindungsgemaße Protein eine zentrale Rolle in der Regulation des Zellzy- klus einnimmt, wobei einerseits eine Deregulierung des Zellzyklus zur unkontrollierten Zellproiiferation und damit letztendlich zur Tumorentstehung, und andererseits zum gesteigerten Zelltod fuhren kann Dies bedeutet, daß die Bereitstellung der erfindungsgemaßen Proteinvariante die Möglichkeit eröffnet, durch Beeinflussung der Aktivität des erfindungsgemaßen Proteins die deregulierte Zellproiiferation wieder so zu regulieren, daß die gesteigerte Zellproiiferation und/oder der gesteigerte Zelltod wieder rückgängig gemacht werden kannThe protein according to the invention is a transforming protein which differs from the non-transforming proto-oncogene product NET1-cl24, the previously known protein of the NET1 locus in that it has an alternative N-terminus. The protein NET1A according to the invention represents the product of an alternative transcript of NET1 -Locus and as such, ie without further truncations, is transformative in the NIH3T3 assay. Without being bound by any theory, it is assumed that the new oncogene product exerts its transforming property by activating the Rho signal transduction pathway (cf. also Hart et al 1994) The invented Protein according to the invention thus relates to a new transforming gene product which can either directly or indirectly lead to the development of cancer. Furthermore, it has also been found that NET1A is induced in hematopoietic cells during apoptosis. It can therefore be assumed that it is directly or indirectly at the Regulation of programmed cell death is involved The induction of the gene product in hematopoietic cells during apoptosis ultimately also led to the identification and cloning of the gene product. The identification of the alternative NET1 gene product was carried out with the help of gene gene integration, which was designed to identify transiently expressed genes ( see PCT / EP97 / 06816, Russ et al, 1996) It can be assumed that the protein according to the invention plays a central role in the regulation of the cell cycle, with on the one hand deregulation of the cell cycle for uncontrolled cell proliferation and thus ultimately for tumors Development, and on the other hand can lead to increased cell death. This means that the provision of the protein variant according to the invention opens up the possibility, by influencing the activity of the protein according to the invention, to regulate the deregulated cell proliferation in such a way that the increased cell proliferation and / or the increased cell death are reversed can be
Ein bevorzugtes erfindungsgemaßes Protein umfaßt die ersten 30 Aminosäuren von M bis Q in der Sequenz von SEQ ID Nr 1 Diese Aminosäuren werden durch das bisher nicht bekannte alternative Exon des NET1 -Lokus kodiert Mit umfaßt sind Varianten dieses Proteins, die sich durch Substitution, Addition, Insertion und/oder Deletion einer oder mehrerer Aminosäuren herleiten wobei durch dieses Veränderung in der Proteinsequenz die biologische Aktivität weniger als Faktor 5, vorzugsweise weniger als Faktor 2 gegenüber dem Protein mit der Sequenz nach SEQ ID Nr 1 verändert wird Als biologische Aktivität wird dabei die Aktivität verstanden, wie sie in dem NIH3T3-fokusbιldenden Assay, wie in Baasner et al (1996) beschrieben, erhalten wird Die Herstellung der weiteren Proteinderivate ist dem Fachmann ohne weiteres geläufig Hierzu können beispielsweise Verfahren eingesetzt werden, wie ausführlich beschrieben in Maniatis et al (1989) Ein weiteres bevorzugtes Protein umfaßt die ersten 30 Aminosäuren von M bis Q gemäß der SEQ ID Nr 2 Weitere bevorzugte Proteine sind solche, die die Sequenz nach SEQ ID Nr 1 oder SEQ ID Nr 2 umfassen Eine Inversion von Proteinabschnitten wird ebenfalls erfaßt, wobei Inversionen letztlich auch als Substitution einer oder mehrerer Aminosäuren an den entsprechenden Positionen angesehen werden kannA preferred protein according to the invention comprises the first 30 amino acids from M to Q in the sequence of SEQ ID No. 1. These amino acids are encoded by the hitherto unknown alternative exon of the NET1 locus. Also included are variants of this protein which can be obtained by substitution, addition, Deriving insertion and / or deletion of one or more amino acids, whereby this change in the protein sequence changes the biological activity less than factor 5, preferably less than factor 2, compared to the protein with the sequence according to SEQ ID No. 1 understood how it is obtained in the NIH3T3 focus imaging assay as described in Baasner et al (1996). The preparation of the further protein derivatives is readily known to the person skilled in the art. For example, methods can be used as described in detail in Maniatis et al (1989 ) Another preferred protein comprises the first 3 0 amino acids of M to Q according to SEQ ID No. 2 Further preferred proteins are those which comprise the sequence according to SEQ ID No. 1 or SEQ ID No. 2. An inversion of protein segments is also recorded, inversions ultimately also being a substitution of one or more amino acids on the corresponding ones Positions can be viewed
Als erfindungsgemaße Nukleinsäuren werden solche angesehen, die eine Sequenz umfassen, die für ein Protein der oben beschriebenen Art kodieren Ebenfalls umfaßt sind hierzu komplementäre Nukleinsäuren Die erfindungsgemaße Nukleinsaure wird vorzugsweise ausgewählt aus a) Nukleinsauremoleku- len, die für ein Protein mit der SEQ ID Nr 1 kodiert, b) Nukleinsauremolekulen, die für ein oben angegebenes Proteinderivat kodieren, c) Nukleinsauremolekulen, die mit den Molekülen nach a) und/oder b) hybridisieren, d) Nukleinsauremolekulen, deren Sequenz aufgrund des genetischen Codes degeneriert ist im Vergleich zu den Sequenzen der unter a), b) oder c) genannten Nukleinsauremolekü- le und e) Fragmenten, Derivaten oder allelischen Varianten der unter a) bis d) genannten NukleinsauremolekuleThe nucleic acids according to the invention are those which comprise a sequence which code for a protein of the type described above. Also included are complementary nucleic acids. The nucleic acid according to the invention is preferably selected from a) nucleic acid molecules which are suitable for a protein with SEQ ID No. 1 encodes, b) nucleic acid molecules that code for a protein derivative specified above, c) nucleic acid molecules that hybridize with the molecules according to a) and / or b), d) nucleic acid molecules whose sequence is degenerate due to the genetic code compared to the sequences of under a), b) or c) the nucleic acid molecules mentioned and e) fragments, derivatives or allelic variants of the nucleic acid molecules mentioned under a) to d)
Eine bevorzugte Gruppe an Nukleinsauremolekulen sind solche, die mit der Sequenz gemäß SEQ ID Nr 3 hybridisieren und vorzugsweise für ein Protein mit der biologischen Aktivität von NET1A kodieren Besonders bevorzugt sind spezifisch mit der Sequenz ID Nr 3 hybridisierende Nukleinsäuren und dazu komplementäre Sequenzen In diesem Zusammenhang bedeutet spezifisch, daß der Fachmann die Hybπdisierungsbedingungen so einstellen kann, daß die hybridisierende Sequenz nur mit der Target-DNA gemäß SEQ ID Nr 3 ein sich von dem Hintergrund abzeichnendes Signal ergibtA preferred group of nucleic acid molecules are those which hybridize with the sequence according to SEQ ID No. 3 and preferably code for a protein with the biological activity of NET1A. Particular preference is given to nucleic acids which hybridize with sequence ID No. 3 and sequences which are complementary thereto specifically, that the person skilled in the art can set the hybridization conditions in such a way that the hybridizing sequence results only in the background DNA with the target DNA according to SEQ ID No. 3
Das erfindungsgemaße Oligonukleotid umfaßt mindestens 6, vorzugsweise mindestens 12 und besonders bevorzugt mindestens 18 Nukleotide und hybridisiert spezifisch mit einer der oben beschriebenen Nukleinsäuremoleküle. Besonders bevorzugt ist ein Oligonukleotid der genannten Art, das spezifisch mit einer Nukleinsaure hybridisiert, die für die SEQ ID Nr. 1 oder 2 kodiert. Ferner sind solche Oligonukleotide bevorzugt, die mit der Sequenz gemäß SEQ ID Nr. 3 und/oder Nr. 4 spezifisch hybridisieren, sowie die hierzu komplementären Oligonukleotide. Ein besonderer Anwendungsbereich der erfindungsgemäßen Oligonukleotide liegt in dem Nachweis von Nukleinsaure in Patientenmaterial, die für das erfindungsgemäße NETIA-Protein kodiert. Die Wahl der Hybridisierungsbedingungen zum spezifischen Nachweis der Nukleinsaure in dem Patientenmaterial liegt im fachmännischen Können. So kann er beispielsweise durch Auswahl der Oligonu- kleotidsequenz, Oligonukleotidlänge und/oder der Hybridisierungsbedingungen, wie Temperatur und Pufferzusammensetzung, die Bedingungen so wählen, daß lediglich bei Vorhandensein der nachzuweisenden Nukleinsaure in dem Patientenmaterial mit der Oligonukleotidprobe ein Signal erhalten wird. Die jeweiligen Bedingungen, wie sie beispielsweise zum Durchführen der Southern-Blot- Analyse angewendet werden, sind beispielsweise ausführlich in Maniatis et al. (1989) beschrieben. Bei einem alternativen Ansatz dient das erfindungsgemäße Oligonukleotid als Primer zum Nachweis der Nukleinsaure mittels PCR. Auch die hierfür zu wählenden Hybridisierungs- und Reaktionsbedingungen sind dem Fachmann geläufig. Die Wahl der geeigneten Oligonukleotide ist dem Fachmann ohne weiteres auf Basis der hierin beschriebenen Sequenzen möglich.The oligonucleotide according to the invention comprises at least 6, preferably at least 12 and particularly preferably at least 18 nucleotides and hybridizes specifically with one of the nucleic acid molecules described above. An oligonucleotide of the type mentioned which hybridizes specifically with a nucleic acid which codes for SEQ ID No. 1 or 2 is particularly preferred. Also preferred are those oligonucleotides that hybridize specifically with the sequence according to SEQ ID No. 3 and / or No. 4, and the oligonucleotides complementary thereto. A particular area of application of the oligonucleotides according to the invention is the detection of nucleic acid in patient material which codes for the NETIA protein according to the invention. The selection of the hybridization conditions for the specific detection of the nucleic acid in the patient material lies in the skill of the art. For example, by selecting the oligonucleotide sequence, oligonucleotide length and / or the hybridization conditions, such as temperature and buffer composition, he can choose the conditions such that a signal is obtained with the oligonucleotide sample only when the nucleic acid to be detected is present in the patient material. The respective conditions, such as are used, for example, to carry out the Southern blot analysis, are described in detail in Maniatis et al. (1989). In an alternative approach, the oligonucleotide according to the invention serves as a primer for the detection of the nucleic acid by means of PCR. The hybridization and reaction conditions to be selected for this are also familiar to the person skilled in the art. The person skilled in the art can easily choose the suitable oligonucleotides on the basis of the sequences described herein.
Die erfindungsgemäße rekombinate Nukleinsaure enthält eine Nukleinsaure oder ein Oligonukleotid, wie oben beschrieben. Vorzugsweise handelt es sich sowohl bei der rekombinanten Nukleinsaure wie auch bei der erfindungsgemäßen Nukleinsaure sowie dem erfindungsgemäßen Oligonukleotid um eine DNA. Als rekombinate Nukleinsäuremoleküle kommen die üblichen Klonierungs- und/oder Expressionsvektoren in Betracht. Dabei wird als rekombinate Nukleinsaure eine jede Nukleinsaure angesehen, bei der eine Nukleinsaure bzw. ein Oligonukleotid wie oben beschrieben mit einer weiteren Nukleinsaure verbunden ist, wobei die weitere Nukleinsaure in der natürlichen Umgebung der erfindungsgemäßen Nukleinsaure üblicherweise nicht vorliegt. Geeignete Vektorsysteme zum Kombinie- ren mit der erfindungsgemaßen Nukleinsaure bzw dem Oligonukleotid sind ebenfalls in Maniatis et al (1989) beschriebenThe recombinant nucleic acid according to the invention contains a nucleic acid or an oligonucleotide as described above. The recombinant nucleic acid as well as the nucleic acid according to the invention and the oligonucleotide according to the invention are preferably DNA. The usual cloning and / or expression vectors come into consideration as recombinant nucleic acid molecules. Any nucleic acid in which a nucleic acid or an oligonucleotide is linked to a further nucleic acid as described above is regarded as recombinant nucleic acid, the further nucleic acid usually not being present in the natural environment of the nucleic acid according to the invention. Suitable vector systems for combination Ren with the nucleic acid according to the invention or the oligonucleotide are also described in Maniatis et al (1989)
Der erfindungsgemaße Kit enthalt die Materialien, die notwendig sind zum Nachweis des erfindungsgemaßen Proteins und/oder der dafür kodierenden Nukleinsaure in einem vorgegebenen Probenmaterial Vorzugsweise handelt es sich bei dem Probenmaterial um Patientenmateπai, in dem das Protein bzw die entsprechende Nukleinsaure, insbesondere das NET1A-Transkrιpt, beispielsweise zum Erstellen einer Diagnose nachgewiesen werden soll Bei einer besonders bevorzugten Ausfuhrungsform enthalt der Kit Oligonukleotide, die als Pπmer geeignet sind zum Nachweis der erfindungsgemaßen Nukleinsaure mittels PCR Bei einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausfuhrungsform kann der Kit auch einen Antikörper enthalten, der spezifisch ist für das erfindungsgemaße Protein Der Kit ist dann beispielsweise geeignet zum Nachweis von NET1 A in Patientenmateπal durch We- stern-BlottingThe kit according to the invention contains the materials which are necessary for the detection of the protein according to the invention and / or the nucleic acid coding therefor in a given sample material. The sample material is preferably patient material in which the protein or the corresponding nucleic acid, in particular the NET1A transcript In a particularly preferred embodiment, the kit contains oligonucleotides which are suitable as a polymer for the detection of the nucleic acid according to the invention by means of PCR. In a further preferred embodiment, the kit can also contain an antibody which is specific for the invention Protein The kit is then suitable, for example, for the detection of NET1 A in patient material by Western blotting
Die Herstellung des erfindungsgemaßen Antikörpers liegt im fachmannischen Können Einerseits kann ein polyklonales Antiserum hergestellt werden durch Verabreichen des erfindungsgemaßen Proteins an einen Sauger Bevorzugt sind jedoch monoklonale Antikörper gegen das erfindungsgemaße Protein Diese Antikörper lassen sich beispielsweise nach dem von Kohler und Milstein entwickelten Verfahren herstellenThe production of the antibody according to the invention is within the skill in the art. On the one hand, a polyclonal antiserum can be produced by administering the protein according to the invention to a nipple. However, preference is given to monoclonal antibodies against the protein according to the invention
Bei einer weiteren, besonders bevorzugten Ausfuhrungsform richtet sich der Antikörper gegen einen Proteinabschnitt aus dem Aminoterminus des erfindungsgemaßen Proteins Bei einer weiteren, besonders bevorzugten Ausfuhrungsform reagiert der Antikörper mit dem Proteinabschnitt von Position 1 bis 30 in der Sequenz nach SEQ ID Nr 1In a further, particularly preferred embodiment, the antibody is directed against a protein segment from the amino terminus of the protein according to the invention. In a further, particularly preferred embodiment, the antibody reacts with the protein segment from positions 1 to 30 in the sequence according to SEQ ID No. 1
Die erfindungsgemaßen Proteine, Nukleinsäuren bzw Antikörper finden vorzugsweise Einsatz als Wirkstoff in einer pharmazeutischen Zusammensetzung Falls es die Indikation anzeigt, den körpereigenen NET1A-Proteιnspιegel anzu- heben, so kann das erfindungsgemaße Protein im Rahmen einer pharmazeutischen Zusammensetzung direkt verabreicht werden Alternativ kann auch durch gentherapeutische Maßnahmen der Spiegel an N ET 1 -Transkript gesteigert werden Hierzu kann die erfindungsgemäße Nukleinsaure unter der Kontrolle eines starken Promotors an den Patienten verabreicht werdenThe proteins, nucleic acids or antibodies according to the invention are preferably used as an active ingredient in a pharmaceutical composition. If the indication indicates that the body's own NET1A protein level is to be used. the protein according to the invention can be administered directly as part of a pharmaceutical composition. Alternatively, the level of N ET 1 transcript can also be increased by gene therapy measures. For this purpose, the nucleic acid according to the invention can be administered to the patient under the control of a strong promoter
Schließlich eröffnet die vorliegende Erfindung auch die Möglichkeit, die Expres- sionsspiegel des Proteins und/oder dessen biologische Wirkung zu erniedrigen Hierzu kann beispielsweise eine erfindungsgemaße Nukleinsaure, die in Antisinn-Onentierung unter der Kontrolle eines starken Promotors steht, in den Organismus eingebracht werden. Die Expression der erfindungsgemaßen Nukleinsaure in Antisinn-Onentierung führt dazu, daß in vivo die Translation des NET1 A- Transkπpts blockiert und somit weniger erfindungsgemaßes Protein hergestellt wird. Alternativ kann die biologische Wirkung des Proteins durch Verabreichen eines Antikörpers, der spezifisch gegen das Protein gerichtet ist, erniedrigt werden.Finally, the present invention also opens up the possibility of lowering the expression levels of the protein and / or its biological action. For this purpose, for example, a nucleic acid according to the invention, which is controlled by a strong promoter in antisense orientation, can be introduced into the organism. The expression of the nucleic acid according to the invention in antisense orientation has the result that the translation of the NET1A transcept is blocked in vivo and thus less protein according to the invention is produced. Alternatively, the biological activity of the protein can be decreased by administering an antibody that is specifically directed against the protein.
Die vorliegende Erfindung stellt weiterhin ein Verfahren zur Diagnose einer Pra- disposition für Krebs oder der Diagnose von Krebs bereit Wie oben ausgeführt, besitzt das erfindungsgemaße Protein transformierende Aktivität im NIH3T3- Fokusbildungstest Wie ebenfalls oben ausgeführt, wird davon ausgegangen, daß das Protein maßgeblich an der Deregulation des Zellzyklus beteiligt ist Danach kann die (Uber-)expressιon von NET1 A zu einer unkontrollierten Zellproiiferation fuhren, wobei letztere schließlich zum Auftreten von Krebs führen kann Im Rahmen dieser Diagnose kann der Nachweis der Menge an erfindungsgemaßem Protein in einer Patientenprobe einen Hinweis auf das Risiko und/oder die Schwere einer Krebserkrankung geben Neben αem erfindungsgemaßen Protein kann auch die hierfür kodierende Nukleinsaure als diagnostischer Marker eingesetzt werden Dabei kann insbesondere die Menge an Transkript, die für ein Protein mit der Sequenz gemäß SEQ ID Nr 1 kodiert, ein Maß dafür sein, wie hoch das Risiko bzw wieweit fortgeschritten eine Krebserkrankung ist Der diagnostische Marker NETIA-Protein bzw allelische Varianten hiervon laßt sich beispielsweise mit Hilfe immunologischer Nachweisreaktionen ermitteln Zu diesem Zweck können beispielsweise die Proteine des Patientenmateπals elek- trophoretisch aufgetrennt und auf einen festen Trager übertragen werden Der Nachweis des diagnostischen Markers NET1A erfolgt dann beispielsweise durch Zugabe des erfindungsgemaßen Antikörpers, wie beim Westem-Blot-Verfahren Bei einem alternativen Diagnoseverfahren dient die erfindungsgemaße Nukleinsaure als diagnostischer Marker Dabei kann beispielsweise das Transkript, das für das erfindungsgemaße Protein kodiert, im Rahmen von Southern-Blot- Analysen nachgewiesen werden Dabei laßt sich beispielsweise das erfindungsgemaße Transknpt neben weiteren, gegebenenfalls auch vom NET1-Locus stammenden Transkripten nachweisen, indem eine Probe eingesetzt wird, die spezifisch ist für den die ersten 30 Aminosäuren kodierenden Abschnitt Dieser Nukleinsaureabschnitt entspricht dem ersten alternativen Exon, wie schematisch in Figur 1 angegeben Das erfindungsgemaße Transknpt für NET1 A laßt sich auch über die Große von dem nicht-transformierenden NET1 -Transknpt unterscheiden Das erfindungsgemaße Transknpt ist ca 150 Nukieotide kurzer als das nicht-transformierende NET1 -Transknpt Letzteres kodiert für ein Proteinprodukt, das ca 53 Aminosäuren langer ist als NET1AThe present invention further provides a method for diagnosing a predisposition to cancer or diagnosing cancer. As stated above, the protein according to the invention has transforming activity in the NIH3T3 focus formation test. As also explained above, it is assumed that the protein is significantly involved in the Deregulation of the cell cycle is involved. The (over) expression of NET1 A can lead to an uncontrolled cell proliferation, the latter ultimately leading to the occurrence of cancer. In the context of this diagnosis, the detection of the amount of protein according to the invention in a patient sample can provide an indication of the Giving the risk and / or the severity of cancer In addition to the protein according to the invention, the nucleic acid coding therefor can also be used as a diagnostic marker. In particular, the amount of transcript which codes for a protein with the sequence according to SEQ ID No. 1 can be used as a measure s a how high the risk or how advanced a cancer is The diagnostic marker NETIA protein or allelic variants thereof can be determined, for example, with the aid of immunological detection reactions. For this purpose, for example, the proteins of the patient material can be separated electrophoretically and transferred to a solid support. The diagnostic marker NET1A is then detected, for example, by adding the Antibody according to the invention, as in the Western blot method. In an alternative diagnostic method, the nucleic acid according to the invention serves as a diagnostic marker. For example, the transcript which codes for the protein according to the invention can be detected in the context of Southern blot analyzes Detect transknpt in addition to other transcripts, possibly also from the NET1 locus, by using a sample that is specific for the portion of this nucleic acid encoding the first 30 amino acids Section corresponds to the first alternative exon, as indicated schematically in FIG. 1. The transknpt for NET1 A according to the invention can also be distinguished by size from the non-transforming NET1 transknpt. The transknpt according to the invention is approximately 150 nucleotides shorter than the non-transforming NET1 transknpt The latter codes for a protein product that is about 53 amino acids longer than NET1A
Die erfindungsgemaße Nukleinsaure als diagnostischer Marker laßt sich auch spezifisch durch PCR nachweisen Zu diesem Zweck kann beispielsweise ein Primer eingesetzt werden, der spezifisch ist für die das alternative Exon umfassende Nukleinsaure, wahrend der zweite Primer beliebig innerhalb der Gesamtsequenz wahlbar ist Bei dieser Pπmerkombination wird lediglich das das alternative Exon enthaltende Transknpt amplifiziert und somit nachgewiesen Ein Nachweis des erfindungsgemaßen Transkripts über seine geänderte Transkπpt- lange ist auf diesem Wege ebenfalls möglich Schließlich bietet die zusätzliche Spaltung der amplifizierten Nukleinsaure mit Restriktionsenzymen eine weitere Möglichkeit zwischen dem erfindungsgemaßen Transknpt und den weiteren Transkripten der Zelle zu unterscheiden Desweiteren eröffnet die vorliegende Erfindung die Möglichkeit, Moleküle mit an- tineopiastischer Wirkung zu identifizieren Dabei kann das zu untersuchende Molekül mit einer Probe in Kontakt gebracht werden, die das erfindungsgemaße Protein und/oder die erfindungsgemaße Nukleinsaure enthalt Wie oben ausgeführt, spielt das erfindungsgemaße Protein eine Rolle bei der neoplastischen Transformation, wobei davon auszugehen ist, daß das Risiko einer neoplasti- schen Transformation zunimmt mit der gesteigerten Expression des Proteins In dem erfindungsgemaßen Screening-Verfahren lassen sich somit also beispielsweise Moleküle austesten, die einen Einfluß auf die Expressionsspiegel des erfindungsgemaßen Proteins zeigen Im einfachsten Fall wird die Expressionsrate des erfindungsgemaßen Proteins einer nicht behandelten Zelle verglichen mit der Expressionsrate einer Zelle nach Kontakt mit dem zu testenden MolekülThe nucleic acid according to the invention as a diagnostic marker can also be specifically detected by PCR.For this purpose, for example, a primer can be used which is specific for the nucleic acid comprising the alternative exon, while the second primer can be chosen as desired within the overall sequence the transcript containing the alternative exon is amplified and thus detected. Detection of the transcript according to the invention via its modified transcript length is also possible in this way. Finally, the additional cleavage of the amplified nucleic acid with restriction enzymes offers another possibility between the transknpt according to the invention and the further transcripts of the cell differentiate Furthermore, the present invention opens up the possibility of identifying molecules with an antineopiastic effect. The molecule to be examined can be brought into contact with a sample which contains the protein according to the invention and / or the nucleic acid according to the invention. As stated above, the protein according to the invention plays a role Role in the neoplastic transformation, it being assumed that the risk of a neoplastic transformation increases with the increased expression of the protein. In the screening method according to the invention it is thus possible, for example, to test molecules which have an influence on the expression level of the protein according to the invention In the simplest case, the expression rate of the protein according to the invention of an untreated cell is compared with the expression rate of a cell after contact with the molecule to be tested
Auf ähnliche Weise können auch Moleküle identifiziert werden, die die Apoptose- vorgange in Zellen beeinflussen Wie oben ausgeführt, wird NET1A wahrend der Apoptose in hamatopoetischen Zellen induziert und ist an der Regulation des programmierten Zelltods beteiligt Demzufolge können im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung Substanzen auf ihren möglichen Einfluß auf Apoptosevorgange getestet werden, indem untersucht wird, inwieweit die Moleküle zu einer veränderten Expression des erfindungsgemaßen Proteins oder zu einer veränderten biologischen Aktivität des Proteins fuhrenIn a similar way, molecules can also be identified which influence the apoptosis processes in cells. As stated above, NET1A is induced in hematopoietic cells during apoptosis and is involved in the regulation of programmed cell death. Accordingly, within the scope of the present invention, substances can be tested for their potential Influence on apoptosis processes can be tested by examining to what extent the molecules lead to an altered expression of the protein according to the invention or to an altered biological activity of the protein
Schließlich ermöglicht die vorliegende Erfindung auch die Bereitstellung des erfindungsgemaßen Proteins in großen Mengen indem die für die rekombinante Herstellung erforderlichen Mittel bereitgestellt werden Zu diesem Zweck wird eine rekombinante Nukleinsaure, die für das gewünschte Protein kodiert, in einer Wirtszelle expπmiert Hierfür kommen die üblichen prokaryontischen sowie eu- karyontischen Wirtsorganismen und Expressionssysteme in Betracht Die einzelnen Maßnahmen zur rekombinanten Herstellung eines Proteins sind dem Fachmann geläufig und finden sich beispielsweise in Maniatis et al (1989)Finally, the present invention also makes it possible to provide the protein according to the invention in large quantities by providing the means required for recombinant production. For this purpose, a recombinant nucleic acid which codes for the desired protein is exposed in a host cell. The usual prokaryotic and eu caryotic host organisms and expression systems are considered. The individual measures for the recombinant production of a protein are known to the person skilled in the art and can be found, for example, in Maniatis et al (1989).
Die folgenden Beispiele erläutern die Erfindung 11The following examples illustrate the invention 11
Klonierunq des erfindungsgemaßen Proteins mit Hilfe der Genfallenintegration in ein alternatives Exon von NET1Cloning of the protein according to the invention with the aid of gene trap integration into an alternative exon of NET1
Das Prinzip der Genfallenintegration ist ausführlich in PCT/EP97/06816 sowie Russ et al. (1996) beschrieben. Bei den hierin durchgeführten Untersuchungen mit hämatopoetischen Zellen wurde ein Transknpt identifiziert, das ein neues 5'- Exon enthält. Dieser Vorgang ist schematisch in Figur 1 dargestellt. Das bekannte Produkt des NET1 -Locus unterscheidet sich von dem erfindungsgemaßen Produkt durch den 5'-Termιnus, indem beim vorbekannten Produkt dieser 5'- Terminus durch ein anderes Exon kodiert wird Die Genfallenintegration zeigt weiterhin, daß das identifizierte alternative Transkript tatsachlich in Zellen, d.h. in vivo, vorliegt und nicht das Ergebnis eines Klonierungsartefakts ist.The principle of gene trap integration is described in detail in PCT / EP97 / 06816 and Russ et al. (1996). In the investigations with hematopoietic cells carried out here, a transknpt was identified which contains a new 5'-exon. This process is shown schematically in FIG. 1. The known product of the NET1 locus differs from the product according to the invention by the 5'-term in that this 5'-term is encoded by another exon in the previously known product. The gene trap integration further shows that the identified alternative transcript is actually in cells, i. in vivo, and is not the result of a cloning artifact.
Induktion von NET1A in IL3-entzoqenen FDCP1 -ZellenInduction of NET1A in IL3-extracted FDCP1 cells
Zur Untersuchung der Induzierbarkeit von NET1 A-Transkripten während der Apoptose wurden zwei zellulare Modelle eingesetzt. Zum einen wurde FDCP1- Zellen, der Wachstumsfaktor IL3 für 0,5 bis 12 Stunden entzogen, und ausgewählte mRNAs mittels RT-PCR nachgewiesen. Zum anderen wurden embryonale Stammzellen der Maus (ES-Zellen) zum Differenzieren induziert und mRNAs nach 1 bis 7 Tagen auf Northern-Blots mit der alternativen NET1 A-Exonsequenz hybridisiert In beiden Modellen wird unter den oben angegebenen Bedingungen Apoptose induziert Figur 2 zeigt, daß schon nach 0,5 Stunden nach IL3-Entzug NET1 A induziert wird. Dies wird aus Figur 2 ersichtlich, bei der GAPDH-PCR mit 21 Zyklen und die NET1- und NET1A-PCRs jeweils mit 33 Zyklen durchgeführt wurden. Die Pπmer fur die Spleißvarianten NET1 und NET1A waren für die alternativen Exons spezifisch. Die PCR-Reaktionsansatze von GAPDH, NET1 und NET1A wurden für die jeweiligen Zeitpunkte miteinander zu gleichen Teilen ge- poolt und in 2 % Agarosegelen aufgetrennt Im Gegensatz zu dem Ergebnis für NET1A wird die bekannte NET1 -Variante nicht induziert Dies zeigt, daß NET1A nicht hingegen NET1 , eine direkte oder indirekte Rolle bei der Regulation der 12Two cellular models were used to investigate the inducibility of NET1 A transcripts during apoptosis. On the one hand, FDCP1 cells, the growth factor IL3 were withdrawn for 0.5 to 12 hours, and selected mRNAs were detected using RT-PCR. On the other hand, mouse embryonic stem cells (ES cells) were induced to differentiate and mRNAs were hybridized after 1 to 7 days on Northern blots with the alternative NET1A exon sequence. In both models, apoptosis is induced under the conditions indicated above. FIG. 2 shows that NET1 A is induced as early as 0.5 hours after IL3 withdrawal. This can be seen from FIG. 2, in which the GAPDH-PCR was carried out with 21 cycles and the NET1 and NET1A-PCRs were each carried out with 33 cycles. The numbers for the splice variants NET1 and NET1A were specific for the alternative exons. The PCR reaction approaches of GAPDH, NET1 and NET1A were pooled for the respective times in equal parts and separated in 2% agarose gels. In contrast to the result for NET1A, the known NET1 variant is not induced. This shows that NET1A does not NET1, a direct or indirect role in the regulation of 12
Apoptose spielt Dieses Ergebnis wurde in einem weiteren Versuch mit differenzierenden ES-Zellen bestätigt Diese Versuche zeigten, daß NET1A im Stadium der "embryoid body"-Bildung (Tag 7) (vgl auch Dotschmann et al , 1985) induziert wird Die Ergebnisse sind in Figur 3 gezeigt Bei diesen Versuchen wurde eine Northern-Blot-Hybndisierung mit P32-markιerten NET1A- (oben) und L32- (unten) Sonden durchgeführt Die NET1A-Sonde enthielt nur das alternative Exon 1 In dem genannten Differenzierungsstadium von ES-Zellen findet bekanntlich vermehrte Apoptose stattApoptosis plays. This result was confirmed in a further experiment with differentiating ES cells. These experiments showed that NET1A is induced at the stage of "embryoid body" formation (day 7) (see also Dotschmann et al, 1985). The results are shown in FIG 3 shown In these experiments, Northern blot hybridization was carried out using P 32 -marked NET1A (top) and L32 (bottom) probes. The NET1A probe only contained the alternative exon 1 increased apoptosis instead
Transformation von NIH3T3-Zellen zur Uberexpression von NET1ATransformation of NIH3T3 cells to overexpress NET1A
NET1- und NET1A-kodιerende Regionen wurden mit Exon-1 -spezifischen und gemeinsamen 3'-Prιmem aus differenzierenden ES-Zellen amplifiziert und in den retroviralen Expressionsvektor MLDelSM401 (vgl Hildinger et al , 1998) kloniert Die spezifischen Pnmer waren wie folgtRegions coding for NET1 and NET1A were amplified with exon-1-specific and common 3'-primes from differentiating ES cells and cloned into the retroviral expression vector MLDelSM401 (cf. Hildinger et al, 1998). The specific numbers were as follows
Exon 1-NET1A 5'-GTGTAGTCATGCAGTGATCCGTACAGGATCCGTAAAGCATGGTGGCGC-3'Exon 1-NET1A 5'-GTGTAGTCATGCAGTGATCCGTACAGGATCCGTAAAGCATGGTGGCGC-3 '
Exon 1-NET1A 5'-GTGTAGTCATGCAGTGATCGTACAGGATCCGGACATGGAGCC-3'Exon 1-NET1A 5'-GTGTAGTCATGCAGTGATCGTACAGGATCCGGACATGGAGCC-3 '
C-termιnal-NET1C-termιnal-NET1
5'-TTACGGACACTAGCACTTCGACGGATCCTTACACCAAAGTCTCTTTC" 5'-TTACGGACACTAGCACTTCGACGGATCCTTACACCAAAGTCTCTTTC "
TGC-3'TGC-3 '
Die Amplifikation der NET1 -Varianten erfolgte mit der pfu-Polymerase (Strata- gene) nach Anleitung des Herstellers Die Konstrukte pMLdelAstopl (enthalt NET1A, vgl Figur 4A) und pMLdelBstop4 (enthalt NET1 , vgl Figur 4B) wurden in ekotrope φnx-Verpackungszellen transfiziert (vgl Pear et al , 1993) Nach 24- stundiger Inkubation wurden die NIH3T3-Zellen mit φnx-Virusuberstanden infiziert Stabile NET1A- und NET1-exprιmιerende Klone wurden über "limiting 13The NET1 variants were amplified using the pfu polymerase (strategy) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The constructs pMLdelAstopl (contains NET1A, see FIG. 4A) and pMLdelBstop4 (contains NET1, see FIG. 4B) were transfected into ecotropic φnx packaging cells ( see Pear et al, 1993) After 24 hours of incubation, the NIH3T3 cells were infected with φnx virus supernatants. Stable NET1A and NET1 expressing clones were determined by "limiting 13
dilution" isoliert und expandiert Zur Untersuchung der transformierenden Wirkung der beiden Spleißvarianten wurden mit den einzelnen Klonen Kontaktinhibitionsversuche ("focus forming assays") durchgeführt (Baasner et al , 1996) Den oben angegebenen retroviralen Expressionsvektoren liegt das Plasmid pUC19 zugrundedilution "isolated and expanded In order to investigate the transforming effect of the two splice variants, contact inhibition tests (" focus forming assays ") were carried out with the individual clones (Baasner et al, 1996). The plasmid pUC19 is based on the retroviral expression vectors specified above
Die Ergebnisse sind in der folgenden Tabelle zusammengefaßtThe results are summarized in the following table
TABELLE 1TABLE 1
Fokusbildung durch NET1A- und NET1-exprιmιerende KloneFocus formation by NET1A and NET1 expressing clones
Zel nie1 Foci' Expression"3 Zel never 1 Foci 'Expression "3
3T3 0 ND3T3 0 ND
NET1A1 200 +++NET1A1 200 +++
NET1A4 400 ++NET1A4 400 ++
NET1A7 40 +NET1A7 40 +
NET1 B2 0 +NET1 B2 0 +
NET1 B6 0 ++NET1 B6 0 ++
NET1 B9 0 ++ NET1 B9 0 ++
1 NET1A, NET1A4 und NET1A7 sind Klone, die die neue Spleißva aπte (NETΪA) exprimieren NET1 B2, NET1 B6 und NET1 B9 sind Klone, die die bekannte Spleißvanante (NET1 ) exprimieren 1 NET1A, NET1A4 and NET1A7 are clones which express the new splice variant (NETΪA). NET1 B2, NET1 B6 and NET1 B9 are clones which express the known splice variant (NET1)
2 Die "focus forming assays" wurden, wie früher beschrieben durchgeführt (Baasner et al 1996) 2 The "focus forming assays" were carried out as previously described (Baasner et al 1996)
3 Die Expression der transduzierten NET -Varianten wurde über Dot-blot nachgewiesen 3 The expression of the transduced NET variants was demonstrated by dot blot
ZellkulturCell culture
Die FDCP1 -Zellen wurden bei Konzentrationen von 1 x 106 Zellen pro ml in Dul becco's modifiziertem Eagles Medium (DMEM Gibco) ergänzt mit 10% (v/v) 14The FDCP1 cells were supplemented with 10% (v / v) at concentrations of 1 × 10 6 cells per ml in Dul becco's modified Eagles Medium (DMEM Gibco). 14
fötalem Kälberserum (Hyclone, Utah, USA) und 5 ng/ml rekombinaten Mäuse-IL3 (Novartis) gezüchtet. Zur Apoptoseinduktion wurden die Zellen unter gleichen Bedingungen ohne IL3 inkubiert.fetal calf serum (Hyclone, Utah, USA) and 5 ng / ml recombinant mouse IL3 (Novartis). To induce apoptosis, the cells were incubated under the same conditions without IL3.
D3 ES-Zellen (von Melchner et al., 1992) wurden auf bestrahlten (32Gy) Feeder- Zellen in DMEM, 15% FKS (Linaris, Bettingen), 100 mM nicht-essentielle Aminosäuren (GibcoBRL), 0,1 mM ß-Mercaptoethanol (Sigma), 1000 U/ml LIF (Esgro®; GibcoBRL) gezüchtet. Differenzierung wurde in DMEM, 20% FCS, 0,3 mM ß-Mercaptoethanol und 100 mM nicht-essentielle Aminosäuren in Abwesenheit von LIF und Feeder-Zellen in bakteriellen Petrischalen induziert. Unter diesen Bedingungen bilden sich sogenannte "embryoid bodies" (Doetschman et. al, 1985).D3 ES cells (from Melchner et al., 1992) were exposed to irradiated (32Gy) feeder cells in DMEM, 15% FCS (Linaris, Bettingen), 100 mM non-essential amino acids (GibcoBRL), 0.1 mM β- Mercaptoethanol (Sigma), 1000 U / ml LIF (Esgro®; GibcoBRL) grown. Differentiation was induced in DMEM, 20% FCS, 0.3 mM ß-mercaptoethanol and 100 mM non-essential amino acids in the absence of LIF and feeder cells in bacterial petri dishes. Under these conditions, so-called "embryoid bodies" are formed (Doetschman et. Al, 1985).
RT-PCRRT-PCR
Gesamt-RNA wurde nach der Methode von Chirgwin et al. (1979) isoliert. Semiquantitative RT-PCR: Je 1 μg Gesamt-RNA wurde durch reverse Transkription (RT) in cDNA umgeschrieben. Als Primer wurden randomisierte Oligonukleotid- Hexamere (rHex) benutzt.Total RNA was determined using the Chirgwin et al. (1979) isolated. Semiquantitative RT-PCR: 1 μg total RNA was transcribed into cDNA by reverse transcription (RT). Randomized oligonucleotide hexamers (rHex) were used as primers.
Reaktionsansatz A: 1 μl rHex (0,2 μg/μl) 1 μl RNA (1 μg/μl) 9 μl H20 (RNase-frei)Reaction batch A: 1 μl rHex (0.2 μg / μl) 1 μl RNA (1 μg / μl) 9 μl H 2 0 (RNase-free)
Reaktionsansatz B: 6 μl 5 x RT-Puffer (GibcoBRL)Reaction batch B: 6 μl 5 x RT buffer (GibcoBRL)
3 μl l OO mM DTT3 ul l OO mM DTT
3 μl dNTP (je 10 mM)3 μl dNTP (10 mM each)
1 μl RNasin (Pharmacia, RNAguard, 40 U/μl)1 μl RNasin (Pharmacia, RNAguard, 40 U / μl)
0,4 μl Superscript II (GibcoBRL)0.4 μl Superscript II (GibcoBRL)
4,6 μl H20 (Rnase-frei) 154.6 μl H 2 0 (nose free) 15
Reaktionsansatz A wurde 10 min auf 65°C erhitzt, auf Eis abgekühlt und dann zu Reaktionsansatz B gegeben. Danach wurde das Reaktionsgemisch über 15 Minuten von 30°C auf 45°C erhitzt und bei dieser Temperatur für weitere 1 ,5 Stunden inkubiert. Nach Inaktivierung bei 65°C für 30 min wurden jeweils 1 μl des re- versen Transkriptionsproduktes für die PCR eingesetzt. Die PCR wurde mit Gibco-Taq-Polymerase nach Anleitung des Herstellers in einem Perkin Eimer Thermocycler wie folgt durchgeführt: 5 min 94°C; 33 Zyklen (1 min 94°C, 1 min 61 °C, 1 min 72°C) und 15 min 72°C. die spezifischen Primer waren wie folgt:Reaction batch A was heated to 65 ° C. for 10 min, cooled on ice and then added to reaction batch B. The reaction mixture was then heated from 30 ° C. to 45 ° C. over 15 minutes and incubated at this temperature for a further 1.5 hours. After inactivation at 65 ° C. for 30 min, 1 μl of the reverse transcription product was used for the PCR. The PCR was carried out with Gibco-Taq polymerase according to the manufacturer's instructions in a Perkin Elmer thermal cycler as follows: 5 min 94 ° C; 33 cycles (1 min 94 ° C, 1 min 61 ° C, 1 min 72 ° C) and 15 min 72 ° C. the specific primers were as follows:
NET1 A: S'-AAGGACACTTGTAAAGCATGGTGG-S'NET1 A: S'-AAGGACACTTGTAAAGCATGGTGG-S '
S'-CGGAAGGGCTGGTTATTAACATC-S'; NET1 : 5'-GTCTCAATGCTCAGCGAGGAAC-3'S'-CGGAAGGGCTGGTTATTAACATC-S '; NET1: 5'-GTCTCAATGCTCAGCGAGGAAC-3 '
5'-CAAATCAAGGCTGCTAAGGCTTCA-3'; GAPDH: 5'-TTGAAGGGTGGAGCCAAACG-3* 5'-CAAATCAAGGCTGCTAAGGCTTCA-3 '; GAPDH: 5'-TTGAAGGGTGGAGCCAAACG-3 *
5'-AGTGGATGCAGGGATGATGTTC-3'.5'-AGTGGATGCAGGGATGATGTTC-3 '.
Northem-Blot-Hybridisierungen wurden nach Standardmethoden mit dem 32P- markierten alternativen Exon 1 (NET1A) und L32 (Neznanov et al., 1993) Sonden durchgeführt.Northem blot hybridizations were carried out according to standard methods with the 32 P-labeled alternative exon 1 (NET1A) and L32 (Neznanov et al., 1993) probes.
SEQUENZPROTOKOLLSEQUENCE LOG
Die SEQ ID Nr. 1 stellt das Humanprotein dar. Die SEQ ID Nr. 2 stellt das Mausprotein dar. Die SEQ ID Nr. 3 stellt die humane cDNA dar. Die SEQ ID Nr. 4 stellt die Maus-cDNA dar.SEQ ID No. 1 represents the human protein. SEQ ID No. 2 represents the mouse protein. SEQ ID No. 3 represents the human cDNA. SEQ ID No. 4 represents the mouse cDNA.
LITERATURSTELLEN 1 6REFERENCES 1 6
Baasner, S., H. von Melchner, T. Kienner, P. Hilgard, and T. Beckers. 1996 Reversible tumongenesis m rruce by conditional expression of HER2/c-erbB2 receo- tor tyrosine kmase. Oncogene 13:901-911.Baasner, S., H. von Melchner, T. Kienner, P. Hilgard, and T. Beckers. 1996 Reversible tumongenesis m rruce by conditional expression of HER2 / c-erbB2 receiver tyrosine kmase. Oncogene 13: 901-911.
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Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU37039/99A AU3703999A (en) | 1998-04-02 | 1999-03-31 | Protein variant of the net1 locus |
| EP99919171A EP1066379A1 (en) | 1998-04-02 | 1999-03-31 | Protein variant of the net1 locus |
| CA002324656A CA2324656A1 (en) | 1998-04-02 | 1999-03-31 | Protein variant of the net1 locus |
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| DE19814861.5 | 1998-04-02 | ||
| DE1998114861 DE19814861A1 (en) | 1998-04-02 | 1998-04-02 | New protein variant of the NET1 locus |
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| PCT/EP1999/002224 Ceased WO1999051739A1 (en) | 1998-04-02 | 1999-03-31 | Protein variant of the net1 locus |
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|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1066379A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU3703999A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2324656A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO1997035979A1 (en) * | 1996-03-27 | 1997-10-02 | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute | Novel trio molecules and uses related thereto |
| EP0881291A2 (en) * | 1997-05-27 | 1998-12-02 | Smithkline Beecham Laboratoires Pharmaceutiques | CBS2 polypeptides, members of the guanine exchange factor family |
-
1998
- 1998-04-02 DE DE1998114861 patent/DE19814861A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-03-31 EP EP99919171A patent/EP1066379A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-03-31 CA CA002324656A patent/CA2324656A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-03-31 AU AU37039/99A patent/AU3703999A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-03-31 WO PCT/EP1999/002224 patent/WO1999051739A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1997035979A1 (en) * | 1996-03-27 | 1997-10-02 | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute | Novel trio molecules and uses related thereto |
| EP0881291A2 (en) * | 1997-05-27 | 1998-12-02 | Smithkline Beecham Laboratoires Pharmaceutiques | CBS2 polypeptides, members of the guanine exchange factor family |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| CHAN A.M.L. ET AL.: "Isolation of a novel oncogene, NET1, from neuroepitheliuma cells by expression cDNA cloning", ONCOGENE, vol. 12, no. 6, 1996, pages 1259 - 1266 1266, XP002098930, ISSN: 0950-9232 * |
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| AU3703999A (en) | 1999-10-25 |
| DE19814861A1 (en) | 1999-10-07 |
| CA2324656A1 (en) | 1999-10-14 |
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