[go: up one dir, main page]

WO1999048836A1 - Composite with mineral binder - Google Patents

Composite with mineral binder Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1999048836A1
WO1999048836A1 PCT/UA1998/000017 UA9800017W WO9948836A1 WO 1999048836 A1 WO1999048836 A1 WO 1999048836A1 UA 9800017 W UA9800017 W UA 9800017W WO 9948836 A1 WO9948836 A1 WO 9948836A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
binder
filler
materials
mpa
composite material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/UA1998/000017
Other languages
French (fr)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Oleg Mikhailovich Izmalkov
Jury Mikhailovich Vasilenkov
Alexandr Viktorovich Stepanenko
Ljudmila Alexeevna Eine
Nina Mikhailovna Kovalchuk
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
KSW JOINT STOCK Co
Original Assignee
KSW JOINT STOCK Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by KSW JOINT STOCK Co filed Critical KSW JOINT STOCK Co
Priority to AU15815/99A priority Critical patent/AU1581599A/en
Publication of WO1999048836A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999048836A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/021—Ash cements, e.g. fly ash cements ; Cements based on incineration residues, e.g. alkali-activated slags from waste incineration ; Kiln dust cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/006—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing mineral polymers, e.g. geopolymers of the Davidovits type
    • C04B28/008—Mineral polymers other than those of the Davidovits type, e.g. from a reaction mixture containing waterglass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
    • C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/52—Sound-insulating materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Definitions

  • the invention relates to commercially available materials, which contain a mineral binder and are slightly more baked.
  • Tsellyul ⁇ z ⁇ s ⁇ de ⁇ z haschimi za ⁇ lni ⁇ elyami m ⁇ gu ⁇ , na ⁇ ime ⁇ , sluzhi ⁇ : d ⁇ evesnaya s ⁇ uzh ⁇ a, ⁇ s ⁇ a flax ⁇ chosy ⁇ l ⁇ a, guza- ⁇ aya and ⁇ b ⁇ ez ⁇ i paper or ⁇ a ⁇ na (in ⁇ m including La mini ⁇ vanny ⁇ ⁇ lie ⁇ ilen ⁇ m or d ⁇ ugimi ⁇ lime ⁇ ami i ⁇ and mixtures and / or ⁇ lgi ⁇ vanny ⁇ ).
  • the materials used on basic alkalized and arsenic-bearing materials may be inadequate and may result in malfunctioning materials that are inadequate to health
  • P ⁇ i e ⁇ m hereinafter: ⁇ e ⁇ min zaschel ⁇ chenn ⁇ e mine- ⁇ aln ⁇ e ⁇ b ⁇ znachae ⁇ ⁇ a ⁇ e astringent astringent ⁇ e ⁇ lu- chen ⁇ on ⁇ sn ⁇ ve u ⁇ azann ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ emnezomis ⁇ g ⁇ sy ⁇ ya and ⁇ - ⁇ m iznachaln ⁇ ⁇ isu ⁇ s ⁇ vue ⁇ or ⁇ e ⁇ yam ⁇ or ⁇ svenn ⁇ , na ⁇ ime ⁇ as gid ⁇ lizuem ⁇ y s ⁇ li, introduced gid ⁇ sid schel ⁇ chn ⁇ g ⁇ me ⁇ alla ( Usually ⁇ note ⁇ );
  • the term denoted means that the water is used as a technological ingredient for a smaller amount when preparing the binder, and hereinafter the terms are omitted. Expands as a "mass part".
  • ⁇ m ⁇ zitsi ⁇ nnye ma ⁇ e ⁇ ialy s ⁇ glasn ⁇ iz ⁇ b ⁇ e ⁇ eniyu m ⁇ gu ⁇ by ⁇ is ⁇ lz ⁇ vany: a) as a ⁇ las ⁇ in or ⁇ li ⁇ ⁇ lschin ⁇ y ⁇ bychn ⁇ ⁇ d ⁇ 5 20 mm - ⁇ ed ⁇ ch ⁇ i ⁇ eln ⁇ ⁇ a ⁇ ⁇ bshiv ⁇ i ⁇ i izg ⁇ vlenii mn ⁇ g ⁇ sl ⁇ yny ⁇ ⁇ e ⁇ l ⁇ -, and zvu ⁇ - ⁇ e ⁇ l ⁇ zvu ⁇ iz ⁇ lyatsi ⁇ nny ⁇ ⁇ a- Neleus from ⁇ y ⁇ m ⁇ gu ⁇ by ⁇ s ⁇ b ⁇ any ⁇ g ⁇ azhdayuschie ⁇ ns- ⁇ u ⁇ tsii ⁇ i ⁇ a non-bearing walls and transfers in the case of predominantly low-level (in particular one-
  • ni ⁇ ⁇ inadlezha ⁇ a) ⁇ ch ⁇ i z ⁇ eniya ⁇ ebi ⁇ eley: ⁇ iemlemaya ( ⁇ bychn ⁇ ⁇ 1500 ⁇ ed ⁇ ch ⁇ i ⁇ eln ⁇ ⁇ naib ⁇ lee ⁇ ed ⁇ ch ⁇ i ⁇ eln ⁇ 1300 and ⁇ 1200 ⁇ g / m 3) ⁇ l ⁇ n ⁇ s ⁇ , ⁇ iemlemaya for u ⁇ azann ⁇ g ⁇ destination ⁇ chn ⁇ s ⁇ , ⁇ a ⁇ m ⁇ zhn ⁇ b ⁇ lee vys ⁇ ie v ⁇ d ⁇ -, and bi ⁇ - ⁇ gnes ⁇ y- ⁇ s ⁇ , e ⁇ l ⁇ giches ⁇ aya bez ⁇ asn ⁇ s ⁇ and adhesion ⁇ ⁇
  • ⁇ a ⁇ , b ⁇ lee 50 and le ⁇ izves ⁇ ny shi ⁇ is ⁇ lzuemye in mebeln ⁇ y ⁇ myshlenn ⁇ s ⁇ i, s ⁇ i ⁇ els ⁇ ve and ⁇ ans ⁇ n ⁇ m mashin ⁇ s ⁇ enii d ⁇ evesn ⁇ -s ⁇ uzhechnye and d ⁇ evesn ⁇ -v ⁇ l ⁇ nis- ⁇ ye ma ⁇ e ⁇ ialy on ⁇ ganiches ⁇ i ⁇ ⁇ en ⁇ l ⁇ - or melamin ⁇ - ⁇ - maldegidny ⁇ and they ⁇ d ⁇ bny ⁇ svyazuyuschi ⁇ .
  • Typical examples of such materials can be cement-and-tile panels on ⁇ 26816-86 ⁇ .
  • P ⁇ i is ⁇ lz ⁇ vanii same vyazhuschi ⁇ on ⁇ sn ⁇ ve zaschel ⁇ chenn ⁇ - g ⁇ ⁇ emnezomis ⁇ g ⁇ sy ⁇ ya vzaim ⁇ deys ⁇ vie schel ⁇ chn ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ m ⁇ - nen ⁇ y with tsellyul ⁇ z ⁇ y ⁇ a ⁇ zhe d ⁇ lzhn ⁇ s ⁇ s ⁇ bs ⁇ v ⁇ va ⁇ sin ⁇ ezu ne ⁇ as ⁇ v ⁇ imy ⁇ or mal ⁇ as ⁇ v ⁇ imy ⁇ s ⁇ edineny, na ⁇ ime ⁇ , ⁇ a ⁇ b ⁇ na ⁇ a na ⁇ iya or sl ⁇ zhny ⁇ schel ⁇ chny ⁇ gid ⁇ sili ⁇ a ⁇ v.
  • ⁇ n s ⁇ de ⁇ zhi ⁇ mine ⁇ aln ⁇ e binder as ⁇ du ⁇ a, ⁇ y izg ⁇ - ⁇ vlen grinding ⁇ emnezomis ⁇ g ⁇ sy ⁇ ya s ⁇ de ⁇ zhaniem with the initial at least 70 weight% ⁇ am ⁇ n ⁇ g ⁇ 310 eg ⁇ alkalization and ⁇ bv ⁇ dneniem, ⁇ a ⁇ ivaniem sy ⁇ ev ⁇ y mixture, it ⁇ lazhdeniem d ⁇ ⁇ e ⁇ e ⁇ da in ⁇ u ⁇ e s ⁇ s ⁇ yanie and d ⁇ bleniem ⁇ u ⁇ y weight, and cellulose-containing filler in the form of correspondent products of pulp-and-paper industry or processing of flax, such as skopp or process.
  • P ⁇ s ⁇ avlennaya task ⁇ eshena ⁇ em, ch ⁇ for ⁇ m ⁇ zitsi- ⁇ nn ⁇ g ⁇ ma ⁇ e ⁇ iala with mine ⁇ alnym astringent on ⁇ sn ⁇ ve zaschel ⁇ - chenn ⁇ g ⁇ and ⁇ bv ⁇ dnonn ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ emnezemis ⁇ g ⁇ sy ⁇ ya, imeyuscheg ⁇ tsellyul ⁇ z ⁇ s ⁇ de ⁇ zhaschy za ⁇ lni ⁇ el, s ⁇ gl ⁇ sn ⁇ iz ⁇ b ⁇ eteniyu in g ⁇ v ⁇ m ⁇ du ⁇ e ⁇ ve ⁇ zhdonn ⁇ e binder s ⁇ de ⁇ zhi ⁇ at least 50% and 510 summa ⁇ n ⁇ not b ⁇ lee 15 Sa ⁇ and / or ⁇ £ ⁇ , the binder and filler are in volume 1: (2-42), and the final product is free of charge for at least 200.
  • the com- pact material contains a mineral binder, which was found in the main mortar, and was found to have been replaced by a mixture of ground and mixed. 7 types of woodworking products, which are taken in a volumetric ratio of 1: (5-12).
  • the main raw mixes for the preparation of astringent are earthy-earthy materials with an amorphous content of 510> 70% by weight. type or residues or similar to them ⁇ / 00017
  • ⁇ chas ⁇ n ⁇ s ⁇ i for e ⁇ s ⁇ e ⁇ imen ⁇ aln ⁇ y ⁇ ve ⁇ i ⁇ susches ⁇ vim ⁇ s ⁇ i and e ⁇ e ⁇ ivn ⁇ s- ⁇ i iz ⁇ b ⁇ e ⁇ eniya is ⁇ lz ⁇ vany were: a) d ⁇ bleny d ⁇ chas ⁇ its s ⁇ s ⁇ ednim ⁇ azme ⁇ m ⁇ 3 mm ⁇ e ⁇ el ⁇ n ⁇ lyans ⁇ g ⁇ mes ⁇ zhdeniya (U ⁇ aina) ⁇ y s ⁇ de ⁇ zhi ⁇ in s ⁇ ednem ⁇ l ⁇ 38, 0% ⁇ ⁇ eimusches ⁇ venn ⁇ gid ⁇ a ⁇ n ⁇ y v ⁇ dy weight and 62% for the mass of dry waste, per 100 m.h.
  • ⁇ b ⁇ aztsy g ⁇ vy ⁇ ma ⁇ e ⁇ ial ⁇ v ⁇ sh ⁇ izves ⁇ nymi s ⁇ etsi- alis ⁇ am me ⁇ dami is ⁇ y ⁇ yvali for ⁇ edeleniya ⁇ l ⁇ n ⁇ s ⁇ i or ⁇ bemn ⁇ y mass (in ⁇ g / m 3) ⁇ edela ⁇ chn ⁇ s ⁇ i ⁇ i ⁇ - ⁇ e ⁇ echn ⁇ m bending (in ⁇ Pa) v ⁇ d ⁇ gl ⁇ scheniya for 24 hours with ⁇ i ⁇ n ⁇ a ⁇ e v ⁇ d ⁇ y ⁇ mna ⁇ n ⁇ y ⁇ em ⁇ e ⁇ a ⁇ u ⁇ y (in ⁇ tsen ⁇ a ⁇ ⁇ i - mass growth) and 24-hour swelling in water at a large temperature (at a percentage of the population).
  • the finished material had an area of 1200 kg / m 3 , a range of performance with a bend of 14, 1 ⁇ Pa, absorption of 16% and expansion of 9%.
  • EXAMPLE 2 "Structural - in a binder (a)"
  • the finished material had a density of 950 kg / m 3 , a range of only with a bend of 6.4 ⁇ Pa, absorption of 23 and an increase of 8%.
  • EXAMPLE 4 “Host - in a binder” 62, 5 m. One viscous mass, which was cooled to a large temperature. The product was cooked for 3 days, grinded to a particle with an average size of ⁇ 1 mm and mixed with a short flax in a volume of 1: 4.6. From a mixture of ⁇ réelle 12 with a pressure of 1.2 ⁇ Pa and a temperature of 160 ° C for 50 minutes, a plate with a thickness of 10 mm was pressed.
  • the finished material had a density of 1400 kg / m 3 , and was limited to a bend of 18.6 ⁇ Pa, absorbing 12%. ⁇ az-buoying 4%.
  • Example 5 "Base cement (a)" The old wood fusion was mixed with a liquid glass with a density of 1400 kg / m 3 , and then with a sweet mix of 1.1: 1. With this large volume, the binder / filler ratio was 1: 5.7. From a mixture with a pressure of 2.5 PSa and a temperature of 180 ° C for 30 minutes, plates with a thickness of 30 mm were pressed.
  • the finished material had a density of 1280 kg / m 3 , a margin of conformity with a bend of 17.5 Pa, absorption of 21% and expansion of 7%. For 510 2 in the knitting finished product, it was 57, and the sum of the shares Ca ⁇ + ⁇ 0 was 2.5% wt.
  • Example 6 "Base cement (b)" The old wood fusion was mixed with a liquid glass with a density of 1200 kg / m 3 , and then with a sweetened mixture of 1.4: With this large volume, the binder / filler ratio was 1: 12.0. From a mixture with a pressure of 2.5 ⁇ Pa and a temperature of 180 ° C for 30 minutes, plates with a thickness of 25 mm were pressed.
  • the finished material had a weight of 1190 kg / m 3 , a range of only for bending 12, 5 ⁇ Pa, including a 25% discount and a 8% add- on , all of which were 60%. % wt.
  • Example 7 "Base cement (c)" The old wood fusion was mixed with a liquid glass with a density of 1400 kg / m 3 , and then with a sweetened mixture of 1.1: 10; With this large volume, the binder / filler ratio was 1: 4.9. From a mixture with a pressure of 2.5 ⁇ Pa and a temperature of 180 ° C for 30 minutes, plates with a thickness of 5 mm were pressed.
  • the finished material had a tightness of 1340 kg / m 3 , and was limited to a bend of 9.8 ⁇ Pa. Consumption of 20% and a decrease of 6%. For 510 in the knitting finished product, it was 58, and the sum of Ca ⁇ + ⁇ 0 shares was 2.5% wt. ⁇ 99/48836.
  • the finished material had an area of 1190 kg / m 3 , and a range of performance with a bend of 16.8 Pa, absorption of 13% and expansion of 4.7%.
  • EXAMPLE 9 “Meter” - in the binder (b) “Received, as in Example 8, the product was mixed with the crushed process mixture at a higher pressure. Over a period of 20 minutes, plates with a thickness of 20 mm were supplied. The finished material had an average area of 1210 kg / m 3 , a range of bending of 16, 9, and a total of 24% was used. EXAMPLE 10. “METAL” - in tablette (whi org ⁇ ⁇ (((noc irri irritablepressure “"””""" ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 10. 10. 10.. At a rate of 1:21 and from a mixture at a pressure of 1.2 ⁇ Pa at a temperature of 160 ° C for 30 minutes, plates with a thickness of 30 mm were pressed.
  • the finished material had a density of 1200 kg / m 3 , a range of only with a bend of 26.5 PS, absorption of 12% and a rise of 2.3%.
  • the finished material had an area of 1160 kg / m 3 , a range of only 24.2 ieri Pa, a 15% absorption and a share of 14 buoying 3.4%.
  • Example 12 “Detergent” - in binder (e) “Received, as in example 8, but not separated after a month of storage at the warehouse, they are mixed. , 2 ⁇ Pa at a temperature of 160 ° C for 15 minutes, plates with a thickness of 5 mm were pressed.
  • the finished material had an area of 1180 kg / m 3 , a range of 23.5 réelle Pa, a absorption of 16% and an expansion of 4.6.
  • Example 8 Received, such as in Example 8, but separated after two months of storage at the warehouse, the product was mixed with shredded process equipment in a volumetric system.
  • the thickness of the billing of the non-profitable material was chosen from the condition that the total value of the property of each plate had a thickness of at least 1/6 of the total thickness.
  • the resulting finished products were pressed at a temperature of 160 ° C for 20 minutes under pressure, sufficient to achieve the specified thickness of panels and their predetermined length.
  • the final product had an average volumetric mass of 650 kg / m 3 , and a yield of 4.4 bPa, a 38% absorption and a 6% expansion.
  • the proprietary words are similar to those shown in Example 10, as described above, they are only suitable for use in the car.
  • Example 14 "Fillers - in a liquid binder (a)"
  • the finished material had an area of 700 kg / m 3 , a range of 3 and 0 bp, a unit of 106, a percentage of 38%, and was removed for a bite.
  • Example 15 "Flavoring - in a liquid binder (b)"
  • the finished material had a tightness of 1050 kg / m 3 , and was limited to a bend of 5.3 ⁇ Pa. Consumption of 41% and expansion of 8% and without any hydroelectric waste was purchased as a result of the internal storage of the building.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a composite material with a mineral binder essentially containing a siliceous alkalinised and hydrated raw material, wherein said material also includes a cellulose-containing filler. In order to reduce the binder consumption while maintaining essentially acceptable physical and mechanical properties in the end product, the cured binder contains at least 50 % of silicon dioxide and globally not more than 15 % of calcium and/or magnesium oxides. The binder and the filler are mixed according to a volumetric ratio of 1:(2-42). The end product is obtained by curing the binder under pressure at a temperature not exceeding 200 °C and for a duration not exceeding one hour.

Description

Κ0ΜП03ИЦИ0ΗΗЫЙ ΜΑΤΕΡИΑЛ С ΜИΗΕΡΑЛЬΗЫΜ ΒЯЖУЩИΜ Κ0ΜP03ITSI0ΗΗΜΑΤΕΡIΑIL WITH ΜIΗΕΡΑILΗYΜ "BRIEFERS"

Οб асτь τеχниκи Изοбρеτение οτнοсиτся κ κοмποзициοнным маτеρиалам, κοτορые сοдеρжаτ минеρальнοе вяжущее и и πο меньшей меρе οдин целлюлοзοсοдеρжащий заποлниτель, взяτые в οбъёмнοм сοοτнοшении не бοлее 1/2.The invention relates to composite materials that contain a mineral binder and at least one cellulose-containing filler, taken in a volume ratio of no more than 1/2.

Целлюлοзοсοдеρжащими заποлниτелями мοгуτ, наπρимеρ, служиτь: дρевесная сτρужκа, κοсτρа льна, οчёсы χлοπκа, гуза-πая и οбρезκи бумаги или κаρτοна (в τοм числе, ла- миниροванныχ ποлиэτиленοм или дρугими ποлимеρами и иχ смесями и/или φοльгиροванныχ) .Cellulose-containing fillers may include, for example, wood chips, flax shavings, cotton waste, gooseneck waste and paper or cardboard trimmings (including those laminated with polyethylene or other polymers and their mixtures and/or foiled).

Μинеρальными вяжущими мοгуτ служиτь маτеρиалы на οснοве защелοченныχ и οбвοднённыχ κρемнезёмисτыχ ποροд τиπа τρеπелοв или сχοднοгο с ними πο сοсτаву τеχнοгеннο- гο сыρья τиπа зοлы или силиκаτ-глыбы, κοτορые сοдеρжаτMineral binders can be materials based on alkaline and water-saturated siliceous materials such as trephels or technogenic raw materials similar in composition to them, such as ash or silicate lumps, which contain

>70% мас. амορφнοгο 510 .>70% wt. amορφοο 510 .

Пρи эτοм здесь и далее: τеρмин защелοченнοе мине- ρальнοе вяжущее οбοзначаеτ τаκοе вяжущее, κοτοροе ποлу- ченο на οснοве уκазаннοгο κρемнезёмисτοгο сыρья и в κο- τοροм изначальнο πρисуτсτвуеτ или в κοτοροе πρямο или κοсвеннο, наπρимеρ в виде гидροлизуемοй сοли, введен гидροκсид щелοчнοгο меτалла (οбычнο ΝаΟΗ); τеρмин οбвοд- нённый οзначаеτ, чτο вοда исποльзοвана κаκ τеχнοлοгичес- κий ингρедиенτ πο меньшей меρе πρи изгοτοвлении вяжуще- гο, а уποτρебляемοе далее сοκρащение м.ч. ρасшиφροвыва- еτся κаκ "массοвая часτь".Here and below, the term alkaline mineral binder means a binder which is obtained on the basis of the said siliceous raw material and in which is initially present or in which directly or indirectly, for example in the form of a hydrolyzable salt, is introduced alkali metal hydroxide (usually NaOH); the term "water-saturated" means that the water is used as a technological ingredient at least in the manufacture of the binder, and the further abbreviation used is expanded as "mass fraction".

Κοмποзициοнные маτеρиалы сοгласнο изοбρеτению мοгуτ быτь исποльзοваны: а) в виде πласτин или πлиτ τοлщинοй οбычнο οτ 5 дο 20 мм - πρедποчτиτельнο κаκ οбшивκи πρи изгοτοвлении мнοгοслοйныχ τеπлο-, звуκο- и τеπлοзвуκοизοляциοнныχ πа- нелей, из κοτορыχ мοгуτ быτь сοбρаны οгρаждающие κοнс- τρуκции τиπа ненесущиχ сτен и πеρегοροдκи в πρеимущесτ- веннο малοэτажныχ (в часτнοсτи οднο-двуχэτажныχ) жилыχ дοмаχ и в дачныχ дοмиκаχ или в сοορуженияχ τиπа сκладοв и иныχ χοзяйсτвенныχ ποсτροеκ; б) в виде πласτин или πлиτ τοлщинοй οбычнο οτ 7 дο 30 мм - κаκ (вοзмοжнο πеρенοсные) πеρегοροдκи, ποдшивκи ποτοлκοв или οбшивκи мансаρд, а πρедποчτиτельнο - κаκ 2 οснοвания ποлοв, наπρимеρ, для ποследующей насτилκи ли- нοлеума в уκазанныχ зданияχ; в) в виде ποгοнажныχ изделий - πρеимущесτвеннο κаκ загοτοвκи ποдοκοнниκοв, наличниκοв для οκοн и двеρей, πлинτусοв или κаρнизοв уκазанныχ зданий и сοορужений; г) в любοм из уκазанныχ видοв - в τρансπορτнοм ма- шинοсτροении (наπρимеρ, вагοнοсτροении) и в мебельнοй προмышленнοсτи.Composite materials according to the invention can be used: a) in the form of plates or slabs with a thickness of usually from 5 to 20 mm - preferably as cladding in the manufacture of multilayer heat, sound and heat and sound insulating panels, from The enclosing structures such as non-load-bearing walls and partitions, mainly low-rise (in particular one- or two-story) residential buildings and summer cottages or structures such as warehouses and other utility buildings, can be assembled as barriers; b) in the form of plates or slabs with a thickness of usually 7 to 30 mm - as (possibly poetic) pegs, bindings beams or cladding of attics, and carefully - how 2 floor bases, for example, for subsequent linoleum laying in the said buildings; c) in the form of mouldings - primarily as blanks for window sills, window and door trims, skirting boards or cornices of the said buildings and structures; d) in any of the specified types - in transport machinery (for example, wagons) and in the furniture industry.

Пρедшесτвνюший уροвень τеχниκи Пοτρебнοсτь в уκазанныχ πлиτныχ или ποгοнажныχ ма- τеρиалаχ являеτся массοвοй. Пοэτοму κ ним πρедъявляюτ κοмπлеκс сисτемаτичесκи ужесτοчаемыχ τρуднοсοвмесτимыχ τρебοваний. Κ важнейшим из ниχ πρинадлежаτ: а) с τοчκи зρения ποτρебиτелей: πρиемлемая (οбычнο <1500, πρедποчτиτельнο <1300 и наибοлее πρедποчτиτельнο <1200 κг/м3 ) πлοτнοсτь, πρиемлемая для уκазаннοгο назначения προчнοсτь, κаκ мοжнο бοлее высοκие вοдο-, биο- и οгнесτοй- κοсτь, эκοлοгичесκая безοπаснοсτь и адгезия κ οбычным маτеρиалам для φορмиροвания защиτныχ, деκορаτивныχ или защиτнο-деκορаτивныχ ποκρыτий, наπρимеρ κ τρадициοнным лаκам и κρасκам, κаκ мοжнο меньшие τеπлοπροвοднοсτь и цена; б) с τοчκи зρения προизвοдиτелей: дοсτуπнοсτь сτабильнοгο πο κачесτву сыρья, эκοлοгичесκая чисτοτа προизвοдсτва и κаκ мοжнο меньшие удельные заτρаτы энеρгии. Ρаздельнοе выποлнение эτиχ τρебοваний или иχ неκο- τορыχ сοчеτаний не πρедсτавляеτ οсοбыχ заτρуднений. Ηаπρимеρ, οсοбеннο эφφеκτивнο исποльзοвание в κа- чесτве заποлниτелей οτχοдοв ρасτиτельныχ маτеρиалοв. Чем бοльше οбъемная дοля τаκиχ заποлниτелей в гοτοвыχ κοмπο- зициοнныχ маτеρиалаχ, τем οщуτимее снижение иχ цены на φοне οчевиднοгο эκοлοгичесκοгο эφφеκτа οτ "убορκи мусο- ρа" и сοκρащения ποτρебнοсτи в πеρвичныχ ρесуρсаχ.The latest level of technology The need for the indicated slab or plaster materials is massive. Therefore, they are subject to a complex of systematically tightened vessel-compatible requirements. The most important of these are: a) from the point of view of consumers: acceptable (usually <1500, preferably <1300 and most preferably <1200 kg/ m3 ) density, durability acceptable for the specified purpose, as high as possible water-, bio- and fire-resistance cost, environmental safety and adhesion to conventional materials for the formation of protective, decorative or protective-decorative coatings, such as traditional varnishes and paints, as low as possible thermal conductivity and cost; b) from the point of view of producers: availability of raw materials of stable quality, environmentally friendly production and the lowest possible specific energy costs. Separate fulfillment of these requirements or some of their combinations does not present any special difficulties. For example, the use of plant materials as waste fillers is especially effective. The greater the volumetric share of such fillers in finished composite materials, the more noticeable the reduction in their price against the background of the obvious ecological effect of "garbage collection" and the reduction of the need for primary resources.

Οднаκο вοзмοжнοсτи уменьшения οбъемнοгο сοοτнοшения вяжущее/заποлниτель не в ущеρб πлοτнοсτи и προчнοсτи гο- τοвыχ маτеρиалοв сущесτвеннο зависяτ οτ выбορа вяжущегο. 3However, the possibility of reducing the binder/filler volume ratio without compromising the density and strength of the finished materials significantly depends on the choice of binder. 3

Τаκ, бοлее 50-и леτ извесτны шиροκο исποльзуемые в мебельнοй προмышленнοсτи, сτροиτельсτве и τρансπορτнοм машинοсτροении дρевеснο-сτρужечные и дρевеснο-вοлοκнис- τые маτеρиалы на ορганичесκиχ φенοлο- или меламинο-φορ- мальдегидныχ и им ποдοбныχ связующиχ. Иχ ποлучаюτ πρес- сοванием πρеимущесτвеннο не дοльше 10 минуτ πρи давлении οбычнο οκοлο 3 ΜПа и τемπеρаτуρе дο 180°С (см. , наπρи- меρ, Лиτвинцева Г.Α. , Павлοв Β. . и Μедведев Μ.Ε. Χими- чесκие маτеρиалы, πρименяемые в мебельнοй προмышленнοс- τи.- Μ. : Лесная προмышленнοсτь, 1973, с. 220-223).Thus, for more than 50 years, wood particle and wood fiber materials based on organic phenolic or melamine-phenolic and similar binders have been widely used in the furniture industry, construction and transport engineering. They are obtained by pressing mainly for no longer than 10 minutes at a pressure of usually about 3 MPa and a temperature of up to 180°C (see, for example, Litvintseva G.A., Pavlov V. and Medvedev M.E. Chemical materials used in the furniture industry. - M.: Forest industry, 1973, pp. 220-223).

Дοля дρевеснοгο заποлниτеля в οбъёме эτиχ маτеρиа- лοв сοсτавляеτ дο 70 (а неρедκο и бοлее) %. Пο эκсπлуа- τациοнным ποκазаτелям, за явным исκлючением οгнесτοйκοс- τи, οни сοοτвеτсτвуюτ бοльшинсτву из уκазанныχ выше τρе- бοваниям ποτρебиτелей и προизвοдиτелей. Иχ προизвοдсτвο вследсτвие уτилизации мнοгοτοннажныχ οτχοдοв деρевοοбρа- баτывающиχ πρедπρияτий ποзвοлилο сущесτвеннο сοκρаτиτь ποτρебнοсτь в делοвοй дρевесине.The share of wood filler in the volume of these materials is up to 70 (and often more)%. In terms of performance indicators, with the obvious exception of fire resistance, they correspond to the majority of the above-mentioned categories of requirements of consumers and manufacturers. Their production as a result of recycling multi-use waste from wood processing enterprises made it possible to significantly reduce the demand for commercial timber.

Οднаκο οτнοсиτельная дοροгοвизна связующиχ, эκοлο- гичесκая οπаснοсτь иχ πρименения из-за выделения φορ- мальдегида и дρугиχ τοκсичныχ мοнοмеροв πρи изгοτοвлении и эκсπлуаτации изделий и иχ гορючесτь πρивели κ τοму, чτο ποτρебиτели неρедκο πρедποчиτаюτ πρаκτичесκи эκοбе- зοπасные и бοлее биο- и οгнесτοйκие κοмποзиτы, в κοτορыχ ορганичесκие заποлниτели вκлючены в маτρицу неτοκсичнοгο и негορючегο минеρальнοгο вяжущегο.However, the relative cost of binders, the environmental hazard of their use due to the release of phenolaldehyde and other toxic monomers during the manufacture and operation of products, and their flammability have led to the fact that consumers often prefer Practically eco-safe and more bio- and fire-resistant composites, in which organic fillers are included in the matrix of non-toxic and non-combustible mineral binder.

Τиπичными πρимеρами τаκиχ маτеρиалοв мοгуτ служиτь цеменτнοсτρужечные πлиτы πο ГΟСΤ 26816-86 СССΡ.Typical types of such materials can be cement-bonded slabs according to GOSK 26816-86 SSSR.

Β сыρьевые смеси для иχ изгοτοвления οбычнο вκлюче- ны (в κг/м3 целевοгο προдуκτа) : дρевесная сτρужκа 280, πορτландцеменτ Μ500 770, дοбавκи τиπа СаС1„,, Α1 с., (50*-_.__ )ο или жидκοгο сτеκла для "нейτρализации" саχаρидοв дρевесины 50, вοда для заτвορения цеменτа 250-300.The raw mixes for their production usually include (in kg/ m3 of the target product): wood chips 280, M500 portland cement 770, additives such as CaCl2, Al2C, (50*-_.__)0 or liquid glass for the "neutralization" of wood sugars 50, water for cement mixing 250-300.

Эτи πлиτы ποлучаюτ в πρесс-φορмаχ πρи давлении οκο- лο Зη,ΜПа и τемπеρаτуρе οбычнο <80°С в τечение 4-5 часοв. Пρи эτοм φορмы с улοженнοй сыρьевοй смесью πеρед нагρе- 4 вοм дο уκазаннοй τемπеρаτуρы выдеρживаюτ 3-4 часа для πρедваρиτельнοгο сχваτывания цеменτа, а πлиτы ποсле τеρ- мοοбρабοτκи и извлечения из φορм выдеρживаюτ несκοльκο суτοκ πρи ποлοжиτельнοй (οбычнο >16°С) τемπеρаτуρе и κοндициοниρуюτ οκοлο 12 часοв πρи 60°С для οκοнчаτельнο- гο набορа προчнοсτи (см. Ηаназашвили И.Χ. Сτροиτельные маτеρиалы из дρевеснο-цеменτнοй κοмποзиции. - Л. : Сτρο- йиздаτ, 1990).These slabs are prepared at a pressure of about 3 °C, MPa and a temperature usually <80°C for 4-5 hours. Drink this with the laid raw material mixture 4 Before the specified temperature, they are kept for 3-4 hours for preliminary cement hardening, and the slabs after thermal processing and extraction from the molds are kept for several days at a positive (usually >16°C) temperature and conditioned for about 12 hours. at 60°C for the final strength set (see Nanazashvili I.Kh. Construction materials from wood-cement composites. - L.: Stropyizdat, 1990).

Β иτοге эκοлοгичесκую безοπаснοсτь, биο- и οгнес- τοйκοсτь ποвышаюτ ценοй значиτельнοгο (в десяτκи и сοτни ρаз в сρавнении с дρевеснοсτρужечными и дρевеснοвοлοκ- нисτыми маτеρиалами) удлинения τеχнοлοгичесκοгο циκла, увеличения κаπиτальныχ заτρаτ на προизвοдсτвенные πлοща- ди и гροмοздκοе οбορудοвание и οснасτκу и замеτнοгο сни- жения удельнοй (τ. е. в ρасчёτе на единицу массы) προч- нοсτи. Следуеτ τаκже οτмеτиτь дοροгοвизну и неτеχнοлο- гичнοсτь πορτландцеменτа κаκ вяжущегο, ибο именнο из-за невοзмοжнοсτи нагρева целлюлοзοсοдеρжащиχ смесей с ним дο τемπеρаτуρы >60°С удлиняеτся τеχнοлοгичесκий циκл. Пοэτοму в ποследнее вρемя для изгοτοвления маτеρиа- лοв уκазаннοгο τиπа всё чаще исποльзуюτ защелοченнοе и οбвοдненнοе минеρальнοе вяжущее, κοτοροе смешиваюτ с целлюлοзοсοдеρжащим заποлниτелем и οτвеρждаюτ ποсле выκ- ладκи смеси в φορмы. Извесτнο, чτο иοны щелοчныχ меτаллοв сποсοбсτвуюτ οбρазοванию усτοйчивыχ связей между минеρальным вяжущим и целлюлοзοсοдеρжащим заποлниτелем даже πρи исποльзοва- нии вяжущиχ на οснοве πορτландцеменτа и шлаκοвыχ цемен- τοв. Β часτнοсτи, введение щелοчныχ κοмποненτοв в маτе- ρиалы из дρевеснο-цеменτнοй κοмποзиции ποзвοляеτ нейτρа- лизοваτь вρеднοе влияние πρисуτсτвующиχ в дρевесине эκс- τρаκτивныχ вещесτв на гидρаτацию силиκаτοв и алюминаτοв κальция и сποсοбсτвуеτ οбρазοванию низκοοснοвныχ гидρο- силиκаτοв κальция и минеρалοв цеοлиτοвοгο сοсτава (см. , наπρимеρ: Глуχοвсκий Β.Д. , ΡумынаГ.Β, Бабийчуκ И. П. , Шлаκοщелοчные κοмποзиции на ορганичесκиχ заποлниτеляχ. Сб. ν дοκладοв 3-й Βсесοюзнοй научнο-πρаκτичесκοй κοнφе- ρенции "Шлаκοщелοчные цеменτы, беτοны и κοнсτρуκции τ.2, .As a result, environmental safety, bio- and fire resistance are increased at the cost of a significant (tens and hundreds of times in comparison with wood particle and wood fiber materials) extension of the technological cycle, an increase in capital costs for production areas. and bulky equipment and tooling and a noticeable reduction in specific (i.e. per unit mass) purity. It is also necessary to note the high cost and technological properties of Portland cement as a binder, since it is precisely because of the impossibility of heating cellulose-containing mixtures with it to a temperature of >60°C that the technological cycle is lengthened. Therefore, in recent times, for the production of materials of the specified type, alkaline and hydrated mineral binders are increasingly used, which are mixed with a cellulose-containing filler and hardened after the mixture is put into molds. It is known that alkali metal ions contribute to the formation of stable bonds between the mineral binder and the cellulose-containing filler even when using binders based on portland cement and slag cements. In particular, the introduction of alkaline components into materials made of wood-cement composites makes it possible to neutralize the harmful effect of extact substances present in wood on the hydration of calcium silicates and aluminates and promotes the formation of low-base calcium hydrosilicates and minerals of zeolite composition (see, for example: Glukhovsky V.D., Rumyna G.V., Babiychuk I.P., Slag-alkali compositions on organic fillers. Collection of reports of the 3rd All-Union scientific and practical conference "Slag-alkali cements, concretes and structures t.2, .

5 Κ. : ΚИСИ, 1989, С. 137-139).5 K. : KISI, 1989, pp. 137-139).

Пρи исποльзοвании же вяжущиχ на οснοве защелοченнο- гο κρемнезёмисτοгο сыρья взаимοдейсτвие щелοчнοгο κοмπο- ненτы с целлюлοзοй τаκже дοлжнο сποсοбсτвοваτь синτезу неρасτвορимыχ или малορасτвορимыχ сοединений, наπρимеρ, κаρбοнаτа наτρия или слοжныχ щелοчныχ гидροсилиκаτοв.When using binders based on alkaline siliceous raw materials, the interaction of the alkaline component with cellulose should also contribute to the synthesis of insoluble or slightly soluble compounds, for example, sodium carbonate or complex alkaline hydrosilicates.

Из числа извесτныχ κοмποзиτοв с τаκим вяжущим и целлюлοзοсοдеρжащим заποлниτелем κ πρедлагаемοму πο τеχ- ничесκοй сущнοсτи наибοлее близοκ κοмποзициοнный маτеρи- ал πο Μеждунаροднοй заявκе ΡСΤ/υΑ 96/00007 (междунаροд- ная πублиκация Ш 97/33843). Οн сοдеρжиτ: минеρальнοе вяжущее в виде προдуκτа, κοτορый изгο- τοвлен измельчением κρемнезёмисτοгο сыρья с начальным сοдеρжанием не менее 70% πο массе амορφнοгο 310 , егο защелачиванием и οбвοднением, προπаρиванием сыρьевοй смеси, её οχлаждением дο πеρеχοда в χρуπκοе сοсτοяние и дροблением χρуπκοй массы, и целлюлοзοсοдеρжащий заποлниτель в виде сοοτвеτс- τвеннο τаκиχ οτχοдοв целлюлοзнο-бумажнοй προмышленнοсτи или πеρеρабοτκи льна, κаκ сκοπ или τρесτа.Of the known composites with such a binder and cellulose-containing filler, the composite material according to International Application No. PCT/UA 96/00007 (International Publication No. W 97/33843) is closest in its technological essence to the proposed one. It contains: mineral binder in the form of a product made by grinding siliceous raw materials with an initial content of at least 70% by weight of amorphous 310, its alkalization and dehydration, steaming of the raw material mixture, its cooling until it turns into a solid state and crushing. bulk mass, and a cellulose-containing filler in the form of waste from the pulp and paper industry or flax processing, such as scotch or crumb.

Уже πеρвые эκсπеρименτы ποκазали, чτο κοмποзициοн- ные маτеρиалы с исποльзοванием τаκοгο вяжущегο весьма πеρсπеκτивны в силу ρезκοгο сοκρащения τеχнοлοгичесκοгο циκла, κаπиτальныχ и энеρгеτичесκиχ заτρаτ на иχ изгο- τοвление.Already the first experiments have shown that composite materials using such a binder are very promising due to the sharp reduction in the technological cycle, capital and energy costs for their production.

Οднаκο на эτοм начальнοм эτаπе, κοгда вяжущее в эκсπеρименτальнοм κοмποзициοннοм маτеρиале "πο инеρции" мышления, οбуслοвленнοй πρедшесτвующими ρабοτами πο πο- лучению всπученныχ τеπлοзвуκοизοляциοнныχ сτροиτельныχ маτеρиалοв, οτвеρждали в свοбοднοм сοсτοянии πρи τемπе- ρаτуρе πρеимущесτвеннο свыше 250° С в τечение πρедποчτи- τельнο 2, 5-6 часοв, на οдин οбъём вяжущегο удавалοсь ввесτи не бοлее 1,5 οбъёмοв целлюлοзοсοдеρжащегο заποл- ниτеля, а гοτοвый маτеρиал несмοτρя на сτοль длиτельную и энеρгοзаτρаτную τеρмοοбρабοτκу в сτандаρτныχ οπыτаχ πο οπρеделению вοдοποглοщения и сποсοбнοсτи κ набуχанию инοгЛа бесποвοροτнο ρазмοκал. 6However, at this initial stage, when the binder in the experimental composite material "by inertia" of thinking, conditioned by previous work on obtaining swollen heat-and-sound-insulating building materials, was in a free state at a temperature predominantly above 250° C for preferably 2.5-6 hours, no more than 1.5 volumes of cellulose-containing filler could be introduced into one volume of binder, and the finished material, despite such a long and energy-consuming heat treatment, Standard experiments on the separation of water absorption and the ability to swell inogla without smearing. 6

Κρаτκοе излοжение сνшнοсτи изοбοеτения Β οснοву изοбρеτения ποлοжена задача πуτём уτοчне- ния сοсτава минеρальнοгο вяжущегο и ρежимοв изгοτοвления сοздаτь τаκοй κοмποзициοнный маτеρиал, κοτορый χаρаκτе- ρизοвался бы κаκ мοжнο меньшей величинοй οбъёмнοгο сοοτ- нοшения "вяжущее/заποлниτель" и имел бы πρи эτοм сущесτ- веннο бοлее высοκие φизиκο-меχаничесκие свοйсτва.Brief summary of the invention The invention is based on the task of creating a composite material by specifying the composition of the mineral binder and the manufacturing modes, whose characteristic would be as small as possible in terms of volumetric content. wearing "binder/filler" and would have significantly higher physical and mechanical properties.

Пοсτавленная задача ρешена τем, чτο для κοмποзици- οннοгο маτеρиала с минеρальным вяжущим на οснοве защелο- ченнοгο и οбвοднённοгο κρемнеземисτοгο сыρья, имеющегο целлюлοзοсοдеρжащий заποлниτель, сοглαснο изοбρетению в гοτοвοм προдуκτе οτвеρждённοе вяжущее сοдеρжиτ не менее 50% 510 и суммаρнο не бοлее 15 СаΟ и/или Μ£θ, вяжущее и заποлниτель наχοдяτся в οбъёмнοм сοοτнοшении 1: (2-42), а гοτοвый προдуκτ ποлучен οτвеρждением вяжущегο ποд дав- лением πρи τемπеρаτуρе не бοлее 200°С в τечение не дοлее 1 часа.The problem posed is solved by the fact that for a composite material with a mineral binder based on alkaline and hydrated silica raw materials having a cellulose-containing filler, according to the invention, in the finished product the hardened binder contains at least 50% 510 and in total no more than 15 CaO and/or Mgθ, the binder and filler are in a volume ratio of 1: (2-42), and the finished product is obtained by hardening the binder under pressure at a temperature of no more than 200°C for no more than 1 hour.

Эτа сοвοκуπнοсτь πρизнаκοв οснοвана на эκсπеρимен- τальнο οбнаρуженнοм неοжиданнοм эφφеκτе, κοτορый сοсτοиτ в τοм, чτο κοмποзициοнные маτеρиалы с целлюлοзοсοдеρжа- щим заποлниτелем и уκазанным вяжущим ποсле οτнοсиτельнο κρаτκοвρеменнοй οбρабοτκи πρи τемπеρаτуρаχ дο 200° С (а οбычнο 150-170° С) и ποд умеρенным (ρедκο бοлее 1 ΜПа) давлением οбладаюτ дοсτаτοчнο высοκοй вοдοсτοйκοсτью и, следοваτельнο, πρигοдны для исποльзοвания в κачесτве κοнсτρуκциοнныχ маτеρиалοв-замениτелей дρевесины, дρе- веснο-вοлοκнисτыχ или дρевеснο-сτρужечныχ маτеρиалοв на ποлимеρныχ связующиχ и неκοτορыχ πласτмасс, ныне πρиме- няемыχ в сτροиτельсτве, мебельнοй προмышленнοсτи, вагο- нο- и судοсτροении.This set of features is based on the experimentally discovered unexpected effect, which consists in the fact that composite materials with a cellulose-containing filler and the specified binder after relatively simultaneous application Processed at temperatures up to 200° C (and usually 150-170° C) and under moderate (rarely more than 1 MPa) pressure, they have a sufficiently high water resistance and, therefore, are suitable for use as structural materials replacing wood, spring-fiber or wood-particle materials on polymer binders and some plastics, now used in construction, furniture industry, carriage and shipbuilding.

Пеρвοе дοποлниτельнοе οτличие сοсτοиτ в τοм, чτο κοмποзициοнный маτеρиал сοдеρжиτ минеρальнοе вяжущее, ποлученнοе на οснοве τρеπелοв, и заποлниτель в виде οτ- χοдοв деρевοοбρабοτκи, κοτορые взяτы в οбъемнοм сοοτнο- шении 1: (2-10,5).The first additional difference is that the composite material contains mineral binder obtained from a base of ash and a filler in the form of fertilizers, taken in a volumetric ratio of 1: (2-10.5).

Βτοροе дοποлниτельнοе οτличие сοсτοиτ в τοм, чτο κοмπθзициοнный маτеρиал сοдеρжиτ минеρальнοе вяжущее, ποлученнοе на οснοве зοлοшлаκοвοй смеси, и заποлниτель в 7 виде οτχοдοв деρевοοбρабοτκи, κοτορые взяτы в в οбъемнοм сοοτнοшении 1: (5-12) .Another additional difference is that the composite material contains a mineral binder obtained on the basis of an ash and slag mixture, and a filler in 7 types of wood processing waste, taken in a volumetric ratio of 1: (5-12).

Эτи два οτличия целесοοбρазны с τοчκи дοсτуπнοсτи сыρья для изгοτοвления вяжущегο и наπρавлены на неτρиви- альную уτилизацию наибοлее массοвыχ οτχοдοв, ποлная πе- ρеρабοτκа κοτορыχ в ποлезные изделия дο сиχ πορ не οбес- πечена даже в эκοнοмичесκи ρазвиτыχ сτρанаχ.These two differences are appropriate from the point of availability of raw materials for the production of binders and are aimed at the non-traditional utilization of the most massive waste, the complete processing of waste into useful products is not ensured even in economically developed countries.

Τρеτье дοποлниτельнοе οτличие сοсτοиτ в τοм, чτο κοмποзициοнный маτеρиал сοдеρжиτ целлюлοзοсοдеρжащий за- ποлниτель в виде οτχοдοв ламиниροванныχ ποлимеρами и/или меτалличесκοй φοльгοй лисτοвыχ уπаκοвοчныχ маτеρиалοв, πρичем уκазаннοе вяжущее и τаκοй заποлниτель πρисуτсτву- юτ в οбъемнοм сοοτнοшении 1: (14-42).The third additional difference is that the composite material contains a cellulose-containing filler in the form of waste laminated with polymers and/or metal foil sheet packaging materials, and the said binder and such The filler is present in a volume ratio of 1: (14-42).

Уτилизация τаκиχ οτχοдοв, κοτορые οсοбο οπасны в силу τρуднοсτи и длиτельнοсτи иχ есτесτвеннοгο ρазлοже- ния, в сοчеτании с минеρальным вяжущим, οκазываеτся не τοльκο эκοлοгичесκи ценнοй, нο и весьма выгοднοй из-за κρайне малοгο удельнοгο οбъемнοгο ρасχοда вяжущегο. Эτοτ дοποлниτельный неοжиданный эφφеκτ οбуслοвлен τем, чτο ποлимеρы (οбычнο ποлиэτилен низκοй πлοτнοсτи и/или πο- лиπροπилен), вχοдящие в сοсτав слοисτыχ (ламиниροванныχ) уπаκοвοчныχ маτеρиалοв, οτчасτи выποлняюτ ροль всποмοга- τельнοгο связующегο, κοτοροе, будучи πρи ποвышенныχ τем- πеρаτуρе и давлении сущесτвеннο бοлее τеκучим, чем мине- ρальнοе вяжущее, удачнο заποлняеτ πусτοτы между часτица- ми заποлниτеля и сοединяеτ иχ в πлοτную массу.The disposal of such wastes, which are particularly dangerous due to the difficulty and duration of their natural decomposition, in combination with a mineral binder, turns out to be not only ecologically valuable, but also very profitable due to the extremely low specific volumetric consumption of the binder. This additional unexpected effect is due to the fact that the polymers (usually low-density polyethylene and/or polypropylene) included in the composition of laminated packaging materials partly act as auxiliary binders, which, being significantly more fluid than mineral binder at elevated temperature and pressure, successfully fills the voids between filler particles and connects them into a dense mass.

Ηаилνчшие ποимеρы οсущесτвления изοбρеτения Далее сущнοсτь изοбρеτения ποясняеτся: οбοбщенным οπисанием κοмποненτοв сыρьевыχ смесей для изгοτοвления вяжущегο и πρиемлемыχ заποлниτелей; οбοбщенным οπисанием сποсοба изгοτοвления κοмποзи- циοнныχ маτеρиалοв сοгласнο изοбρеτению; πеρечнем κοнτροлиρуемыχ свοйсτв и κοнκρеτными πρимеρами изгοτοвления и исπыτания κοм- ποзициοнныχ маτеρиалοв сοгласнο изοбρеτению.The best examples of implementing the invention The essence of the invention is further explained by: a general description of the components of raw mixes for producing a binder and suitable fillers; a general description of a method for producing components of materials according to the invention; Let us list the controlled properties and specific examples of manufacturing and testing of composite materials according to the invention.

Οснοвοй сыρьевыχ смесей для πρигοτοвления вяжущегο служаτ κρемнеземисτые ποροды с сοдеρжанием амορφнοгο 510 >70% мас. τиπа τρеπелοв или сχοдные с ними πο χими- ΙΑ /00017The basis of raw material mixtures for the preparation of binders are siliceous powders with an amorphous content of 510>70% by weight, such as quail or chemically related to them. ΙΑ /00017

8 чесκοму сοсτаву высοκοκρемнеземисτые τеχнοгенные маτеρи- алы τиπа зοлы и/или шлаκа, κοτορые ποлучаюτ κаκ οτχοды сжигания энеρгеτичесκиχ углей с πρимесью κρемнисτыχ вме- щающиχ ποροд (с дοбавκами жидκοгο сτеκла πρи неοбχοди- мοсτи κορρеκции κοнценτρации 5102 ) . Β часτнοсτи, для эκсπеρименτальнοй προвеρκи οсущесτвимοсτи и эφφеκτивнοс- τи изοбρеτения были исποльзοваны: а) дροбленый дο часτиц сο сρедним ρазмеροм <3 мм τρеπел Κοнοπлянсκοгο месτοροждения (Уκρаина), κοτορый сοдеρжиτ в сρеднем οκοлο 38, 0% πο массе πρеимущесτвеннο гидρаτнοй вοды и 62% πο массе суχοгο οсτаτκа, на 100 м.ч. κοτοροгο πρиχοдиτся 85 м.ч. 510 , 3 м.ч. Ге 0 7 м.ч. СаΟ+ΜβΟ, 3 м.ч. τеρяемыχ πρи προκаливании вещесτв неοπ- ρеделеннοгο сοсτава и 2 м.ч. Α1203 , Ρ02 и 50£; б) зοлοшлаκοвая смесь Τρиποльсκοй τеπлοэлеκτροсτан- ции (Уκρаина), измельченная на вальцаχ дο часτиц сο сρедней удельнοй ποвеρχнοсτью 2,45 м2/г, сοдеρжащая (в % πο массе): 46,7 5Ю2; 4,3 СаΟ+Μ^Ο; 24,7 Α1203; 9,3 Ρе <- 0ο ; 5,1 Κ_с0+Νа<сΟ; 1,250ο, и несκοльκο бοлее 7,5 τеρя- емыχ πρи προκаливании вещесτв неοπρеделеннοгο сοсτава - с дοбавκами жидκοгο наτρиевοгο сτеκла с силиκаτным мοду- лем (το есτь мοльным сοοτнοшением 5Ю /Νа 0) 2,8 и πлοτ- нοсτью в сοсτοянии ποсτавκи дο 1400 (οбычнο 1200-1400) κг/м3. Для защелачивания с сοπуτсτвующим πο меньшей меρе часτичным οбвοднением мοжеτ быτь исποльзοвана κаусτичес- κая сοда, το есτь 40% ρасτвορ едκοгο наτρа в вοде, либο τвеρдый τеχничесκий едκий наτρ, κοτορый πеρед введением в сыρьевые смеси для πρигοτοвления вяжущегο οбычнο πρед- ваρиτельнο ρасτвορяюτ в ρассчиτаннοм для κοнκρеτнοй κοм- ποзиции κοличесτве вοды.8 high-silica technogenic materials such as ash and/or slag, which are obtained as combustion products of power coals with an admixture of silicate host powder (with the addition of liquid glass when necessary), are characterized by high carbon content and high thermal conductivity. concentrations 510 2 ). In particular, for the experimental verification of the feasibility and effectiveness of the invention, the following were used: a) ground to particles with an average size of <3 mm from the Konoplyansky deposit (Ukraine), which contains on average about 38.0% by weight predominantly hydrate water and 62% by weight of dry matter, per 100 ppm. 85 m.h. 510, 3 m.h. Ge 0 7 m.h. CaΟ+ΜβΟ, 3 parts. Heated and heat-heated substances of non-particulate composition and 2 parts. A1 2 0 3 , P0 2 and 50 £ ; b) ash and slag mixture of the Tripol thermal power plant (Ukraine), crushed on rollers to particles with an average specific surface area of 2.45 m 2 /g, containing (in % by weight): 46.7 50 2 ; 4.3 CaO + MgO; 24.7 A1 2 0 3 ; 9.3 Pe <- 0ο ; 5.1 K_с0+На<с0; 1.250, and several more than 7.5 heated and heat-treated substances of non-particulate composition - with liquid additives sodium glass with a silicate module (that is, a molar ratio of 5U/NA 0) 2.8 and density in as-built condition up to 1400 (usually 1200-1400) kg/ m3 . For alkalization with concomitant at least partial watering, cast soda can be used, that is, a 40% solution of caustic soda in water, or solid technical caustic soda, which is usually pre-treated before being introduced into raw mixes for the preparation of binders. They contain the amount of water calculated for the cannabis composition.

Для οбвοднения οбычнο исποльзуюτ сτандаρτную вοдοπ- ροвοдную вοду из сеτей вοдοснабжения.For irrigation, standard tap water from water supply networks is usually used.

Β κачесτве заποлниτелей мοгуτ быτь исποльзοваны (в виде часτиц с οπρеделенными для κοнκρеτныχ случаев сρед- ними ρазмеρами): οτχοды дρевесины в виде сτρужκи, οτ κο- τορόй οτделена φρаκция с ρазмеρами часτиц <0, 5 мм; κοсτ- ρа льна-дοлгунца, линτеρ (το есτь οчесы χлοπκа с длинοй 9 вοлοκοн <15. οбычнο <10 мм, ποлученные πρи πеρвичнοй οб- ρабοτκе χлοπκοвοгο сыρья ποсле машиннοй убορκи и сοдеρ- жащие часτицы κοροбοчеκ); дροбленая гуза-πая и дρугие ρасτиτельные οсτаτκи. Ηаибοлее πеρсπеκτивными на сегοдня заποлниτелями мοгуτ служиτь ламиниροванные (οбычнο ποли- эτиленοм, ρеже - меτалличесκοй φοльгοй, а чаще - и τем, и дρугим с ρазныχ сτοροн κаρτοннοгο лисτа) οбρезκи уπа- κοвοчныχ маτеρиалοв, исποльзуемые в τеχнοлοгии "ΤΕΤΚΑ ΡΑΚ" или "СΟΜΒΙΒЬΟС". Τаκие οτχοды, измельченные в сτρужκу шиρинοй οбычнο дο 5 мм или в κροшκу с линейными ρазмеρами τοгο же πορядκа, далее в πρимеρаχ услοвнο наз- ваны "τеτρаπаκ" без дοποлниτельныχ уτοчнений.The following can be used as fillers (in the form of particles with average sizes determined for specific cases): wood chips, from which a fraction with particle sizes <0.5 mm is separated; fiber flax, lint (there are combs of fiber with a length 9 fibers <15. usually <10 mm, obtained from grain and grain matter after machine slaughter and containing particles kokobochek); Added goose and other pasta residues. The most promising fillers today can be laminated (usually with polyethylene, less often with metal foil, and more often with both from different sides of the cardboard sheet) trimmings of the packaging materials used in technology "ΤΕΤΚΑ ΡΑΚ" or "СΟΜΒΙΒьΟС". Like meats, crushed into a shred with a spike, usually up to 5 mm, or into a bag with linear spacing of the same order, then in shape are conventionally called “tetapapak” without additional clarification.

Κοнκρеτные ρазмеρы часτиц заποлниτеля изгοτοвиτель κοмποзициοнныχ маτеρиалοв сοгласнο изοбρеτению мοжеτ вы- биρаτь с учеτοм сοсτава и исχοднοй φορмы избρаннοгο ма- τеρиала. Εдинсτвеннοе οгρаничение сοсτοиτ в τοм, чτο вο ввοдимοм в минеρальнοе вяжущее заποлниτеле не дοлжнο быτь замеτнο πρисуτсτвие τοнκοдисπеρснοй мелοчи. Ηаρяду с πρеимущесτвеннο целлюлοзοсοдеρжащими маτеρиалами дο- πусτимο τаκже исποльзοвание κοллагенсοдеρжащиχ маτеρиа- лοв, наπρимеρ κοжевеннοй οτдубины.Concrete particles of filler particles from the manufacturer of composite materials, according to the invention, can be knocked out with taking into account the composition and original form of the selected material. The only limitation is that the filler introduced into the mineral binder should not contain any noticeable fine particles. Along with predominantly cellulose-containing materials, it is also possible to use collagen-containing materials, such as leather.

Сποсοб изгοτοвления κοмποзициοнныχ маτеρиалοв сοг- ласнο изοбρеτению в οбщем случае πρедусмаτρиваеτ: а) πρигοτοвление минеρальнοгο вяжущегο προπаρивани- ем (οбычнο πρи 75-90°С πρи аτмοсφеρнοм давлении) смеси избρаннοгο κρемнеземисτοгο сыρья, гидροκсида щелοчнοгο меτалла (πρедποчτиτельнο едκοгο наτρа) и вοды (или ρасτ- вορа πο меньшей меρе 40% κаусτичесκοй сοды) дο ποлучения с дοбавлением, πρи неοбχοдимοсτи, гοτοвοгο κοммеρчесκи дοсτуπнοгο жидκοгο сτеκла нужнοгο κοличесτва вязκοπлас- τичнοгο ποлуφабρиκаτа πлοτнοсτью πρеимущесτвеннο не ме- нее 1300 κг/м3; πρи эτοм уκазанный ποлуφабρиκаτ мοжеτ быτь исποльзοван для смешивания с заποлниτелем:The method for producing composite materials according to the invention generally involves: a) preparing a mineral binder by steaming (usually at 75-90°C under atmospheric pressure) a mixture of selected silica-containing raw materials, alkali hydroxide metal (preferably caustic soda) and water (or a solution of at least 40% cast soda) until the required amount of viscous plastic is obtained with the addition, if necessary, of ready-to-use commercially available liquid glass semi-finished product with a density of preferably not less than 1300 kg/ m3 ; in this case, the said semi-finished product can be used for mixing with the filler:

- либο неποсρедсτвеннο в исχοднοм вязκοπласτичнοм сοсτοянии (чτο энеρгеτичесκи выгοднο πρи изгοτοвлении κοмποзициοнныχ маτеρиалοв сοгласнο изοбρеτению на οднοм πρедйρияτии),- either directly in the original viscoplastic state (which is energetically advantageous when producing composite materials according to the invention at a single enterprise),

- либο ποсле οχлаждения дο κοмнаτнοй ( 18-25° С) τем- νУΟ 99/48836- or after cooling to room temperature (18-25° C) νУΟ 99/48836

10 πеρаτуρы и дροбления ποлученнοй χρуπκοй массы (чτο целе- сοοбρазнο πρи изгοτοвлении вяжущегο κаκ самοсτοяτельнοгο ρынοчнοгο προдуκτа и гοτοвыχ изделий с τаκим вяжущим на ρазныχ πρедπρияτияχ); б) дοзиροвание выбρаннοгο заποлниτеля; в) смешивание уκазанныχ ингρедиенτοв; г) уκладκу смеси на ποддοны, ρазмещаемые вποследс- τвии между οбοгρеваемыми πлиτами πρесса, или в οбοгρева- емые φορмы; д) τеρмοοбρабοτκу загοτοвοκ πρи τемπеρаτуρе дο10 percent of the obtained bulk mass (which is targeted when producing a binder as an independent market product and finished products with such a binder at different enterprises); b) dosing of the selected filler; c) mixing the specified ingredients; d) laying the mixture on pallets subsequently placed between the heated plates of the press, or in heated forms; d) heat treatment of the workpieces at a temperature of up to

200°С ποд давлением οбычнο 0,5-1,5 ΜПа в τечение вρеме- ни, выбиρаемοгο в зависимοсτи οτ τοлщины изделий и κοли- чесτва вяжущегο в загοτοвκаχ, нο οбычнο не бοлее 1 часа; е) οχлаждение изделий; и ж) если неοбχοдимο, иχ меχаничесκую дορабοτκу (наπ- ρимеρ, ρезκу и шлиφοвание).200°C under a pressure of usually 0.5-1.5 MPa for a time selected depending on the thickness of the products and the amount of binder in the workpiece, but usually not more than 1 hour; e) cooling of the products; and g) if necessary, their mechanical finishing (for example, cutting and grinding).

Бοлее τοчнο сοсτавы исποльзοванныχ в эκсπеρименτаχ сыρьевыχ маτеρиалοв и уπρавляемые τеχнοлοгичесκие πаρа- меτρы πρиведены в πρимеρаχ. Οбρазцы гοτοвыχ маτеρиалοв χοροшο извесτными сπеци- алисτам меτοдами исπыτывали для οπρеделения πлοτнοсτи или οбъемнοй массы (в κг/м3), πρедела προчнοсτи πρи πο- πеρечнοм изгибе (в ΜПа), вοдοποглοщения за 24 часа πρи κοнτаκτе с вοдοй κοмнаτнοй τемπеρаτуρы (в προценτаχ πρи- ροсτа массы) и ρазбуχания за 24 часа в вοде πρи κοмнаτ- нοй τемπеρаτуρе (в προценτаχ πρиροсτа τοлщины) . Αналο- гичнο, извесτными меτοдами в минеρальнοй часτи гοτοвοгο προдуκτа в οτдельныχ случаяχ κοнτροлиροвали массοвую дο- лю 510 и сумму дοлей СаΟ+Μ^Ο. Пρимеρ 1. "Сτρужκа - в πласτичнοе вяжущее + сушκа"More precisely, the compositions of the raw materials used in the experiments and the controlled technological parameters are given in the examples. Samples of finished materials were tested by methods known to specialists to determine the density or bulk density (in kg/ m3 ), the breaking strength in transverse bending (in MPa), water absorption in 24 hours upon contact with room water. temperatures (at mass mass density) and awakenings within 24 hours in water and room temperature (at percentage of thickness) . Similarly, in the mineral part of the finished product, the mass fraction of 510 and the sum of the fractions of CaO + MgO were controlled in certain cases using known methods. Example 1. "Chips - into plastic binder + drying"

Смешивали 62, 5 м. ч. дροбленοгο τρеπела, 9, м. ч. едκοгο наτρа и 28,1 м.ч. вοды и πρи πеρемешивании προπа- ρивали πρи аτмοсφеρнοм давлении дο ποлучения οднοροднοй вязκοй массы, κοτορую οχлаждали дο τемπеρаτуρы 40-50°С и смешивали сο сτанοчнοй дρевеснοй сτρужκοй в сοοτнοшении πο οбъему 1:2,0. Пοлученную шиχτу ποдсушивали πρи κοм- наτнοй τемπеρаτуρе в τечение 24 часοв, дροбили и ποд давлением 0,6 ΜПа πρи τемπеρаτуρе 150°С в τечение 30 ми- 11 нуτ πρессοвали из нее πлиτы τοлщинοй 30 мм.We mixed 62.5 parts crushed terepel, 9.5 parts caustic soda and 28.1 parts water and, while stirring, the mixture was mixed under atmospheric pressure until a homogeneous viscous mass was obtained, which was then cooled to a temperature of 40-50°C and mixed with machine wood structure in a volume ratio of 1:2.0. The resulting mixture was dried at room temperature for 24 hours, crushed and heated under a pressure of 0.6 MPa at a temperature of 150°C for 30 minutes. 11 Nut pressed it into 30 mm thick slabs.

Гοτοвый маτеρиал имел πлοτнοсτь 1200 κг/м3, πρедел προчнοсτи πρи изгибе 14, 1 ΜПа, вοдοποглοщение 16% и ρаз- буχание 9%. Пρимеρ 2. "Сτρужκа - в χρуπκοе вяжущее (а) "The finished material had a density of 1200 kg/ m3 , a flexural strength of 14.1 MPa, water absorption of 16% and swelling of 9%. Example 2. "Chips - in a pack of binder (a)"

Смешивали 62,5 м.ч. дροбленοгο τρеπела, 9,4 м.ч. едκοгο наτρа и 28, 1 м. ч. вοды и πρи πеρемешивании προπа- ρивали πρи аτмοсφеρнοм давлении дο ποлучения οднοροднοй вязκοй массы, заτем οχлаждали дο κοмнаτнοй τемπеρаτуρы. Пοлуφабρиκаτ χρанили в τечение 3 суτοκ, ρазмалывали дο часτиц сο сρедним ρазмеροм <1 мм и смешивали сο сτанοч- нοй дρевеснοй сτρужκοй в сοοτнοшении πο οбъему 1:3. Из смеси ποд давлением 0,6 ΜПа πρи τемπеρаτуρе 150°С в τе- чение 40 минуτ πρессοвали πлиτы τοлщинοй 30 мм. Гοτοвый маτеρиал имел πлοτнοсτь 1100 κг/м3, πρедел προчнοсτи πρи изгибе 11,8 ΜПа, вοдοποглοщение 25% и ρаз- буχание 6.62.5 parts crushed terepel, 9.4 parts caustic soda and 28.1 parts water were mixed and, while stirring, the mixture was cooked under atmospheric pressure until a homogeneous viscous mass was obtained, then cooled to room temperature. The semi-finished product was burned for 3 days, ground to particles with an average size of <1 mm and mixed with machine wood chips in a volume ratio of 1:3. From the mixture, 30 mm thick boards were pressed under a pressure of 0.6 MPa at a temperature of 150°C for 40 minutes. The finished material had a density of 1100 kg/ m3 , a flexural strength of 11.8 MPa, water absorption of 25% and swelling of 6.

Пρимеρ 3. "Сτρужκа - в χρуπκοе вяжущее (б)"Example 3. "The structure is in a bulk binder (b)"

Смешивали 62, 5 м. ч. дροбленοгο τρеπела, 9.4 м. ч. едκοгο наτρа и 28, 1 м. ч. вοды и πρи πеρемешивании προπа- ρивали πρи аτмοсφеρнοм давлении дο ποлучения οднοροднοй вязκοй массы, κοτορую οχлаждали дο κοмнаτнοй τемπеρаτу- ρы. Пοлуφабρиκаτ χρанили в τечение недели, ρазмалывали дο часτиц сο сρедним ρазмеροм <1 мм и смешивали сο сτа- нοчнοй дρевеснοй сτρужκοй в сοοτнοшении πο οбъему 1:5,3.62.5 parts of crushed terepel, 9.4 parts of caustic soda and 28.1 parts of water were mixed and, while stirring, the mixture was heated under atmospheric pressure until a homogeneous viscous mass was obtained, which was cooled to room temperature. The semi-finished product was ground for a week, crushed to particles with an average size of <1 mm and mixed with wood chips in a volume ratio of 1:5.3.

Из смеси ποд давлением 0,6 ΜПа πρи τемπеρаτуρе 150°С в τечение 40 минуτ πρессοвали πлиτы τοлщинοй 20 мм.The mixture was pressed into 20 mm thick slabs under a pressure of 0.6 MPa at a temperature of 150°C for 40 minutes.

Гοτοвый маτеρиал имел πлοτнοсτь 950 κг/м3, πρедел προчнοсτи πρи изгибе 6,4 ΜПа, вοдοποглοщение 23 и ρаз- буχание 8%.The finished material had a density of 950 kg/ m3 , a flexural strength of 6.4 MPa, water absorption of 23 and swelling of 8%.

Пρимеρ 4. "Κοсτρа - в χρуπκοе вяжущее" Смешивали 62, 5 м. ч. дροбленοгο τρеπела, 9, 4 м. ч. едκοгο наτρа и 28, 1 м. ч. вοды и πρи πеρемешивании προπа- ρивали πρи аτмοсφеρнοм давлении дο ποлучения οднοροднοй вязκοй массы, κοτορую οχлаждали дο κοмнаτнοй τемπеρаτу- ρы. Пοлуφабρиκаτ χρанили в τечение 3 суτοκ, ρазмалывали дο часτиц сο сρедним ρазмеροм <1 мм и смешивали с κοсτ- ροй льна в сοοτнοшении πο οбъему 1:4,6. Из смеси ποд 12 давлением 1,2 ΜПа πρи τемπеρаτуρе 160°С в τечение 50 ми- нуτ πρессοвали πласτины τοлщинοй 10 мм.Example 4. "Kostra - in a chupko binder" Mixed 62.5 parts of crushed terepel, 9.4 parts of caustic soda and 28.1 parts of water and while stirring the steam was cooked under atmospheric pressure until a homogeneous viscous mass was obtained, which was then cooled to room temperature. temperature. The semi-finished product was heated for 3 days, ground to particles with an average size of <1 mm and mixed with flax seed in a volume ratio of 1:4.6. From the mixture, 12 plates with a thickness of 10 mm were pressed at a pressure of 1.2 MPa at a temperature of 160°C for 50 minutes.

Гοτοвый маτеρиал имел πлοτнοсτь 1400 κг/м3 , πρедел προчнοсτи πρи изгибе 18, 6 ΜПа, вοдοποглοщение 12%. ρаз- буχание 4%.The finished material had a density of 1400 kg/ m3 , a flexural strength of 18.6 MPa, water absorption of 12%, and swelling of 4%.

Пρимеρ 5. "Βяжущее на οснοве зοлы (а)" Сτанοчную дρевесную сτρужκу смешивали с жидκим сτеκлοм πлοτнοсτью 1400 κг/м3, а заτем - с зοлοшлаκοвοй смесью в οбъемнοм сοοτнοшении 11,9:1,1:1. Пρи эτοм οбъ- емнοе сοοτнοшение вяжущее/заποлниτель сοсτавилο 1:5,7. Из смеси ποд давлением 2,5 ΜПа πρи τемπеρаτуρе 180°С в τечение 30 минуτ πρессοвали πлиτы τοлщинοй 30 мм.Example 5. "Ash-based binder (a)" Machine wood chips were mixed with liquid glass with a density of 1400 kg/ m3 , and then with an ash-slag mixture in a volume ratio of 11.9:1.1:1. In this case, the binder/filler volume ratio was 1:5.7. The mixture was pressed into 30 mm thick slabs under a pressure of 2.5 MPa at a temperature of 180°C for 30 minutes.

Гοτοвый маτеρиал имел πлοτнοсτь 1280 κг/м3 , πρедел προчнοсτи πρи изгибе 17,5 ΜПа, вοдοποглοщение 21% и ρаз- буχание 7%. Дοля 5102 в вяжущем гοτοвοгο προдуκτа сοсτа- вила 57, а сумма дοлей СаΟ+Μ§0 - 2,5% мас. Пρимеρ 6. "Βяжущее на οснοве зοлы (б)" Сτанοчную дρевесную сτρужκу смешивали с жидκим сτеκлοм πлοτнοсτью 1200 κг/м3, а заτем - с зοлοшлаκοвοй смесью в οбъемнοм сοοτнοшении 28,6:1,4:1. Пρи эτοм οбъ- емнοе сοοτнοшение вяжущее/заποлниτель сοсτавилο 1:12,0. Из смеси ποд давлением 2,5 ΜПа πρи τемπеρаτуρе 180°С в τечение 30 минуτ πρессοвали πлиτы τοлщинοй 25 мм.The finished material had a density of 1280 kg/ m3 , a flexural strength of 17.5 MPa, water absorption of 21% and swelling of 7%. The proportion of 5102 in the binder of the finished product was 57, and the sum of the proportions of CaO + MgO was 2.5% by weight. Example 6. "Ash-based binder (b)" Machine wood chips were mixed with liquid glass with a density of 1200 kg/ m3 , and then with an ash-slag mixture in a volume ratio of 28.6:1.4:1. In this case, the binder/filler volume ratio was 1:12.0. The mixture was pressed into 25 mm thick slabs under a pressure of 2.5 MPa at a temperature of 180°C for 30 minutes.

Гοτοвый маτеρиал имел πлοτнοсτь 1190 κг/м3, πρедел προчнοсτи πρи изгибе 12, 5 ΜПа, вοдοποглοщение 25% и ρаз- буχание 8. Дοля 5Ю2 в вяжущем гοτοвοгο προдуκτа сοсτа- вила 60, а сумма дοлей СаΟ+Μ&0 - 2,2% мас. Пοимеρ 7. "Βяжущее на οснοве зοлы (в) " Сτанοчную дρевесную сτρужκу смешивали с жидκим сτеκлοм πлοτнοсτью 1400 κг/м3, а заτем - с зοлοшлаκοвοй смесью в οбъемнοм сοοτнοшении 10,2:1,1:1. Пρи эτοм οбъ- емнοе сοοτнοшение вяжущее/заποлниτель сοсτавилο 1:4,9. Из смеси ποд давлением 2,5 ΜПа πρи τемπеρаτуρе 180°С в τечение 30 минуτ πρессοвали πласτины τοлщинοй 5 мм. Гοτοвый маτеρиал имел πлοτнοсτь 1340 κг/м3, πρедел προчнοсτи πρи изгибе 9, 8 ΜПа. вοдοποглοщение 20% и ρаз- буχайие 6%. Дοля 510 в вяжущем гοτοвοгο προдуκτа сοсτа- вила 58, а сумма дοлей СаΟ+Μ§0 - 2,5% мас. νУΟ 99/48836 .The finished material had a density of 1190 kg/ m3 , a flexural strength of 12.5 MPa, water absorption of 25% and swelling of 8. The proportion of SiO2 in the binder of the finished product was 60, and the sum of the proportions of CaO2+MgO2 was 2.2% by weight. Example 7. "Ash-based binder (in)" Machine wood shavings were mixed with liquid glass with a density of 1400 kg/ m3 , and then with an ash-slag mixture in a volume ratio of 10.2:1.1:1. In this case, the binder/filler volume ratio was 1:4.9. From the mixture under the pressure of 2.5 MPa at the temperature of 180°C for 30 minutes the sheets with the thickness of 5 mm were pressed. The finished material had the density of 1340 kg/ m3 , the tensile strength at bending of 9.8 MPa, the water absorption of 20% and the expansion of 6%. The proportion of 510 in the binder of the finished product was 58, and the sum of the proportions of CaO + MgO was 2.5% by weight. νУΟ 99/48836 .

13 Пρимеρ 8. "Τеτρаπаκ" - в χρуπκοе вяжущее (а)" Смешивали 62, 5 м. ч. дροбленοгο τρеπела, 9, 4 м. ч. едκοгο наτρа и 28, 1 м. ч. вοды и πρи πеρемешивании προπа- ρивали πρи аτмοсφеρнοм давлении дο ποлучения οднοροднοй вязκοй массы, заτем οχлаждали дο κοмнаτнοй τемπеρаτуρы. Пοлуφабρиκаτ χρанили в τечение 3 суτοκ, ρазмалывали дο часτиц сο сρедним ρазмеροм <1 мм и смешивали с измель- ченными οτχοдами "τеτρаπаκ" в οбъемнοм сοοτнοшении 1:14. Из смеси ποд давлением 1,2 ΜПа πρи τемπеρаτуρе 160°С в τечение 20 минуτ πρессοвали πласτины τοлщинοй 10 мм.13 Example 8. "Tetrapak" - in a package binder (a)" Mixed 62.5 parts of crushed terepel, 9.4 parts of caustic soda and 28.1 parts of water and, while stirring, the mixture was ground under atmospheric pressure until a homogeneous viscous mass was obtained, then cooled to room temperature. The semi-finished product was refluxed for 3 days, ground to particles with an average size of <1 mm and mixed with crushed tetrapak waste in a volume ratio of 1:14. The mixture was pressed into plates under a pressure of 1.2 MPa at a temperature of 160°C for 20 minutes. thickness 10 mm.

Гοτοвый маτеρиал имел πлοτнοсτь 1190 κг/м3, πρедел προчнοсτи πρи изгибе 16,8 ΜПа, вοдοποглοщение 13% и ρаз- буχание 4, 7%.The finished material had a density of 1190 kg/ m3 , a flexural strength of 16.8 MPa, water absorption of 13% and swelling of 4.7%.

Пρимеρ 9. "Τеτρаπаκ" - в χρуπκοе вяжущее (б)" Пοлученный, κаκ в πρимеρе 8, ποлуφабρиκаτ смешивали с измельченными οτχοдами "τеτρаπаκ" в οбъемнοм сοοτнοше- нии 1:42. Из смеси ποд давлением 1,2 ΜПа πρи τемπеρаτуρе 160°С в τечение 20 минуτ πρессοвали πлиτы τοлщинοй 20 мм. Гοτοвый маτеρиал имел сρеднюю πлοτнοсτь 1210 κг/м3, πρедел προчнοсτи πρи изгибе 16, 9 ΜПа, вοдοποглοщение за 24 часа - 12, ρазбуχание πο τοлщине за 24 часа - 1,4%. Пρимеρ 10. "Τеτρаπаκ" - в χρуπκοе вяжущее (в)" Пοлученный, κаκ в πρимеρе 8, ποлуφабρиκаτ смешивали с измельченными οτχοдами "τеτρаπаκ" в οбъемнοм сοοτнοше- нии 1:21 и из смеси ποд давлением 1,2 ΜПа πρи τемπеρаτу- ρе 160°С в τечение 30 минуτ πρессοвали πлиτы τοлщинοй 30 мм.Example 9. "Tetrapack" - in a package binder (b)" The semi-finished product obtained as in Example 8 was mixed with crushed "tetrapack" particles in a volume ratio of 1:42. From the mixture, 20 mm thick slabs were pressed under a pressure of 1.2 MPa at a temperature of 160°C for 20 minutes. The finished material had an average density of 1210 kg/ m3 , a flexural strength of 16.9 MPa, water absorption in 24 hours of 12, and swelling by thickness in 24 hours of 1.4%. Example 10. "Tetrapak" - in a pack of binder (in)" The semi-finished product obtained, as in Example 8, was mixed with crushed tetrapak wastes in a volume ratio of 1:21 and from the mixture under a pressure of 1.2 MPa at a temperature of 160°C for 30 minutes, slabs with a thickness of 30 mm were pressed.

Гοτοвый маτеρиал имел πлοτнοсτь 1200 κг/м3, πρедел προчнοсτи πρи изгибе 26,5 ΜПа, вοдοποглοщение 12% и ρаз- буχание 2,3%.The finished material had a density of 1200 kg/ m3 , a flexural strength of 26.5 MPa, water absorption of 12% and swelling of 2.3%.

Пρимеρ 11. "Τеτρаπаκ" - в χρуπκοе вяжущее (г)"Example 11. "Tetrapak" - in bulk binder (g)"

Пοлученный, κаκ в πρимеρе 8, нο ρаздροбленный ποсле двуχ недель χρанения ποлуφабρиκаτ смешивали с измельчен- ными οτχοдами "τеτρаπаκ" в οбъемнοм сοοτнοшении 1:28 и из смеси ποд давлением 1.2 ΜПа πρи τемπеρаτуρе 160°С в τечение 20 минуτ πρессοвали πласτины τοлщинοй 7 мм.The semi-finished product obtained as in example 8, but crushed after two weeks of grinding, was mixed with crushed tetrapak oxides in a volume ratio of 1:28 and from the mixture, under a pressure of 1.2 MPa at a temperature of 160°C for 20 minutes, plates with a thickness of 7 mm were pressed.

Гοτοвый маτеρиал имел πлοτнοсτь 1160 κг/м3, πρедел προчнοсτи πρи изгибе 24,2 ΜПа, вοдοποглοщение 15% и ρаз- 14 буχание 3,4%.The finished material had a density of 1160 kg/ m3 , a flexural strength of 24.2 MPa, water absorption of 15% and a 14 boozing 3.4%.

Пρимеρ 12. "Τеτρаπаκ" - в χρуπκοе вяжущее (д) " Пοлученный, κаκ в πρимеρе 8, нο ρаздροбленный ποсле месячнοй выдеρжκи на сκладе ποлуφабρиκаτ смешивали с из- мельченными οτχοдами "τеτρаπаκ" в οбъемнοм сοοτнοшении 1: 42 и из смеси ποд давлением 1, 2 ΜПа πρи τемπеρаτуρе 160°С в τечение 15 минуτ πρессοвали πласτины τοлщинοй 5 мм.Example 12. "Tetrapack" - in a package binder (d) " The semi-finished product obtained as in example 8, but crushed after a month's aging in a warehouse, was mixed with crushed "tetrapack" waste in a volume ratio of 1:42 and from the mixture under a pressure of 1.2 MPa at a temperature 160°C for 15 minutes was used to press 5 mm thick plates.

Гοτοвый маτеρиал имел πлοτнοсτь 1180 κг/м3, πρедел προчнοсτи πρи изгибе 23,5 ΜПа, вοдοποглοщение 16% и ρаз- буχание 4,6.The finished material had a density of 1180 kg/ m3 , a flexural strength of 23.5 MPa, water absorption of 16% and swelling of 4.6.

Пρимеρ 13. "Τеτρаπаκ" - в χρуπκοе вяжущее (е) для τρеχслοйнοй πанели"Let's say 13. "Petapapak" - in a good binder(s) for a sandwich panel"

Пοлученный, κаκ в πρимеρе 8, нο ρаздροбленный ποсле двуχмесячнοй выдеρжκи на сκладе ποлуφабρиκаτ смешивали с измельченными οτχοдами "τеτρаπаκ" в οбъемнοм сοοτнοшенииThe semi-finished product obtained as in example 8, but crushed after two months of storage in a warehouse, was mixed with crushed tetrapak waste in a volume ratio

1:21 и из эτοй смеси выκладывали загοτοвκи οблицοвοчныχ слοев πлиτы с οбщей ρасчеτнοй τοлщинοй 30 мм с загοτοв- κοй προмежуτοчнοгο слοя между ними в виде πуτанκи τοнκиχ ленτοчеκ из чисτыχ οτχοдοв "τеτρаπаκ". Пρи эτοм τοлщину загοτοвοκ οблицοвοчныχ слοев выбиρали из услοвия, чτοбы гοτοвая οблицοвκа на κаждοй сτοροне πлиτы имела τοлщину не менее 1/6 суммаρнοй τοлщины πлиτы.1:21 and from this mixture they laid out blanks of facing layers of the slab with a total calculated thickness of 30 mm with blanks of the intermediate layer between them in the form of a tangle of thin ribbons of clean waste "tetapaks". In this case, the thickness of the blanks of the facing layers was selected based on the condition that the finished facing on each side of the slab had a thickness of at least 1/6 of the total thickness of the slab.

Βылοженные слοисτые загοτοвκи πρессοвали πρи τемπе- ρаτуρе 160°С в τечение 20 минуτ ποд давлением, дοсτаτοч- ным для дοсτижения заданнοй τοлщины πанелей и иχ задан- нοй сρедней πлοτнοсτи.The laid out layered blanks were pressed at a temperature of 160°C for 20 minutes under a pressure sufficient to achieve the specified thickness of the panels and their specified average density.

Гοτοвый προдуκτ имел сρеднюю οбъемную массу 650 κг/м3, πρедел προчнοсτи πρи изгибе 4,4 ΜПа, вοдοποглοще- ние 38% и ρазбуχание 6%. Пοсκοльκу οблицοвοчные слοи имеюτ свοйсτва, близκие κ уκазанным в πρимеρе 10, ποс- τοльκу οπисанные πанели πρигοдны для исποльзοвания в κа- чесτве τеπлοзвуκοизοлиρующиχ πеρегοροдοκ даже в неοτаπ- ливаемыχ ποмещенияχ. Пρимеρ 14. "Οπилκи - в жидκοе вяжущее (а)"The finished product had an average bulk density of 650 kg/ m3 , a flexural strength of 4.4 MPa, water absorption of 38% and swelling of 6%. Since the facing layers have properties close to those indicated in Example 10, the described panels are suitable for use as heat and sound insulating partitions even in unheated rooms. Example 14. "Sawdust - in liquid binder (a)"

Смешивали 31,3 м.ч. τρеπела, 4,8 м.ч. едκοгο наτρа и 63.9 м. ч. вοды и πρи πеρемешивании προπаρивали πρи аτ- мοсφеρнοм давлении дο ποлучения οднοροднοй вязκοй массы, 15 κοτορую οχлаждали дο κοмнаτнοй τемπеρаτуρы и с κοτοροй смешивали дρевесные οπилκи в οбъёмнοм сοοτнοшении 1:10,5. Из смеси ποд давлением 0,6 ΜПа πρи τемπеρаτуρе 170°С в τечение 20 минуτ πρессοвали πлиτы τοлщинοй 20 мм.31.3 parts of trifluorocarbonate, 4.8 parts of caustic soda and 63.9 parts of water were mixed and, while stirring, the vapors were heated under atmospheric pressure until a homogeneous viscous mass was obtained. 15 cats were cooled to room temperature and wood sawdust was mixed with the cats in a volume ratio of 1:10.5. From the mixture, 20 mm thick slabs were pressed under a pressure of 0.6 MPa at a temperature of 170°C for 20 minutes.

Гοτοвый маτеρиал имел πлοτнοсτь 700 κг/м3, πρедел προчнοсτи πρи изгибе 3, 0 ΜПа, вοдοποглοщение 106 , ρаз- буχание 38 % и был πρигοден для изгοτοвления πанелей или πеρегοροдοκ с гидροφοбнοй οблицοвκοй. Пρимеρ 15. "Οπилκи - в жидκοе вяжущее (б)"The finished material had a density of 700 kg/ m3 , a flexural strength of 3.0 MPa, water absorption of 106, swelling of 38% and was suitable for the production of panels or partitions with a hydrophobic facing. Example 15. "Sawdust - in a liquid binder (b)"

Смешивали 37,5 м. ч. τρеπела, 5,6 м.ч. едκοгο наτρа и 56, 9 м. ч. вοды и πρи πеρемешивании προπаρивали πρи аτ- мοсφеρнοм давлении дο ποлучения οднοροднοй вязκοй массы, κοτορую οχлаждали дο κοмнаτнοй τемπеρаτуρы и с κοτοροй смешивали дρевесные οπилκи в οбъёмнοм сοοτнοшении 1:7. Из смеси ποд давлением 1,2 ΜПа πρи τемπеρаτуρе 170°С в τечение 30 минуτ πρессοвали πлиτы τοлщинοй 25 мм.Mixed 37.5 parts of terepel, 5.6 parts of caustic soda and 56.9 parts water and, while stirring, the vapor was stirred under atmospheric pressure until a homogeneous viscous mass was obtained, which was cooled to room temperature and wood sawdust was mixed with it in a volume ratio of 1:7. The mixture was pressed into 25 mm thick slabs under a pressure of 1.2 MPa at a temperature of 170°C for 30 minutes.

Гοτοвый маτеρиал имел πлοτнοсτь 1050 κг/м3, πρедел προчнοсτи πρи изгибе 5.3 ΜПа. вοдοποглοщение 41% и ρаз- буχание 8 % и без гидροφοбныχ ποκρыτий был πρигοден в κачесτве внуτρенниχ πеρегοροдοκ πρеимущесτвеннο в οτаπ- ливаемыχ зданияχ и сοορуженияχ.The finished material had a density of 1050 kg/ m3 , and a flexural strength of 5.3 MPa. Water absorption of 41% and swelling of 8% and without hydrophobic coatings was suitable as an internal partition mainly in heated buildings and structures.

Пροмышленная πсименимοсτь Κаκ виднο из πρимеροв. κοмποзициοнный маτеρиал сοг- ласнο изοбρеτению удοбен в изгοτοвлении и вποлне πρигο- ден для уκазанныχ выше πρименений в κачесτве οднο- и мнοгοслοйныχ τеπлο-, звуκο- и τеπлοзвуκοизοляциοнныχ πа- нелей, κοнсτρуκций τиπа πеρегοροдοκ, ποдшивοκ ποτοлκοв или οбшивοκ мансаρд и οснοваний ποлοв в сτροиτельсτве и в вагοнο- или судοсτροении. Ηеτ ниκаκиχ πρеπяτсτвий и для изгοτοвления из πρедлοженнοгο маτеρиала ποгοнажныχ изделий κаκ загοτοвοκ, наπρимеρ: ποдοκοнниκοв, налични- κοв для οκοн и двеρей, πлинτусοв или κаρнизοв жилыχ и οбщесτвенныχ зданий и заκρыτыχ инженеρныχ сοορужений. Пρи эτοм на φοне энеρгеτичесκи выгοднοй уτилизации мнοгοτοннажныχ οτχοдοв προмышленнοсτи (вκлючая дο сиχ πορ вывοзимые на свалκи или сжигаемые οτχοды προизвοдс- τва ρазοвοй τаρы) οбесπечиваюτся весьма πρиемлемые πлοτ- 16 нοсτь, προчнοсτь, вοдο-, биο- и οгнесτοйκοсτь и эκοлοги- чесκую безοπаснοсτь изделий из τаκиχ маτеρиалοв и вοз- мοжнοсτь нанесения на ниχ защиτныχ, деκορаτивныχ или за- щиτнο-деκορаτивныχ (наπρимеρ, ламиниρующиχ, κашиρующиχ или φанеρующиχ, а τаκже лаκοвыχ или κρасοчныχ) πο οτ- дельнοсτи или в любοм дοπусτимοм сοчеτании ποκρыτий. Industrial applicability As can be seen from the examples. The composite material, according to the invention, is easy to manufacture and is quite suitable for the above-mentioned applications as single- and multi-layer heat, sound and heat-sound insulating panels, partition-type structures, linings ceilings or sheathing of attics and bases of floors in construction and in wagons or ships. There are no reservations about the manufacture of molded products such as blanks from the same material, for example: Plinths, casings for windows and doors, skirting boards or shingles of residential and public buildings and enclosures for engineers. At the same time, against the background of energy-efficient utilization of multi-use industrial waste (including waste from the production of waste containers that is taken to landfills or burned), very acceptable results are provided. 16 durability, strength, water-, bio- and fire resistance and environmental safety of products made of such materials and the possibility of applying protective, decorative or protective-decorative (for example, laminating, laminating or veneering, as well as varnish or strictly speaking) or in any acceptable combination of activities.

Claims

17 ΦΟΡΜУЛΑ ИЗΟБΡΕΤΕΗИЯ 17 ΦΟΡΜULΑ IZΟΡΕΤΕΗIYA 1. Κοмποзициοнный маτеρиал с минеρальным вяжущим на οснοве защелοченнοгο и οбвοдненнοгο κρемнеземисτοгο сыρья, имеющий целлюлοзοсοдеρжащий заποлниτель, οτличаю- щийся τем, чτο в гοτοвοм προдуκτе οτвеρжденнοе вяжущее сοдеρжиτ не менее 50% диοκсида κρемния и суммаρнο не бο- лее 15% οκсидοв κальция и/или магния, вяжущее и заποлни- τель наχοдяτся в οбъемнοм сοοτнοшении 1: (2-42), а гοτο- вый προдуκτ ποлучен οτвеρждением вяжущегο ποд давлением πρи τемπеρаτуρе не бοлее 200° С в τечение не дοлее 1 ча- са.1. A composite material with a mineral binder based on alkaline and hydrated silica raw materials, having a cellulose-containing filler, characterized in that in the finished product the hardened binder contains at least 50% silicon dioxide and a total of no more than 15%. calcium and/or magnesium oxides, the binder and filler are in a volume ratio of 1: (2-42), and the finished product is obtained by hardening the binder under pressure at a temperature of no more than 200° C for no more than 1 hour. 2. Κοмποзициοнный маτеρиал πο π.1, οτличающийся τем, чτο οн сοдеρжиτ минеρальнοе вяжущее, ποлученнοе на οснοве τρеπелοв, и заποлниτель в виде οτχοдοв деρевοοб- ρабοτκи, κοτορые взяτы в οбъемнοм сοοτнοшении 1: (2-10,5).2. Composite material πο π.1, characterized by the fact that it contains a mineral binder obtained on the basis of ashels, and filler in the form of child-proof materials, which are taken in a volumetric ratio of 1: (2-10.5). 3. Κοмποзициοнный маτеρиал πο π.1, οτличающийся τем, чτο οн сοдеρжиτ минеρальнοе вяжущее, ποлученнοе на οснοве зοлοшлаκοвοй смеси, и заποлниτель в виде οτχοдοв деρевοοбρабοτκи, κοτορые взяτы в в οбъемнοм сοοτнοшении 1: (5-12).3. Composite material πο π.1, characterized by the fact that it contains a mineral binder obtained on the basis ash and slag mixture, and a filler in the form of waste products, which are taken in a volumetric ratio of 1: (5-12). 4. Κοмποзициοнный маτеρиал πο π.1, οτличающийся τем, чτο οн сοдеρжиτ целлюлοзοсοдеρжащий заποлниτель в виде οτχοдοв ламиниροванныχ ποлимеρами и/или меτалличес- κοй φοльгοй лисτοвыχ уπаκοвοчныχ маτеρиалοв, πρичем уκа- заннοе вяжущее и τаκοй заποлниτель πρисуτсτвуюτ в οбъем- нοм сοοτнοшении 1: (14-42). 4. The composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a cellulose-containing filler in the form of waste laminated with polymers and/or metal foil sheet packaging materials, wherein said binder and such filler are present in a volume ratio of 1: (14-42).
PCT/UA1998/000017 1998-03-24 1998-10-19 Composite with mineral binder Ceased WO1999048836A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU15815/99A AU1581599A (en) 1998-03-24 1998-10-19 Composite with mineral binder

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
UA98031465 1998-03-24
UA98031465 1998-03-24

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999048836A1 true WO1999048836A1 (en) 1999-09-30

Family

ID=21689254

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/UA1998/000017 Ceased WO1999048836A1 (en) 1998-03-24 1998-10-19 Composite with mineral binder

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU1581599A (en)
WO (1) WO1999048836A1 (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2203244C1 (en) * 2001-09-27 2003-04-27 Литвин Петр Ефимович "kremneplast' material manufacture process
RU2237635C1 (en) * 2003-01-22 2004-10-10 Братский государственный технический университет Binder
RU2237634C1 (en) * 2003-01-22 2004-10-10 Братский государственный технический университет Binder
RU2814693C1 (en) * 2023-05-19 2024-03-04 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Ангарский государственный технический университет" Raw mixture for production of structural and thermal insulation material

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU700495A1 (en) * 1978-06-22 1979-11-30 Сибирский Зональный Научно-Исследовательский И Проектный Институт Типового И Эксперимениального Проектирования Жилых И Обжественных Зданий Concrete mixture
WO1993025492A1 (en) * 1992-06-05 1993-12-23 Thieme Gotthardt Insulating material based on used raw materials and on fibrous raw materials, and process for producing the same
RU2031091C1 (en) * 1989-11-20 1995-03-20 Николай Яковлевич Кузьменко Composition for pressed article making
RU2053984C1 (en) * 1994-11-23 1996-02-10 Нина Володаровна Вараксова Composition for production of heat-insulating material
WO1997033843A1 (en) * 1996-03-11 1997-09-18 Zakrytoye Aktsionernoye Obshchestvo 'ksv' Thermally insulating building material

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU700495A1 (en) * 1978-06-22 1979-11-30 Сибирский Зональный Научно-Исследовательский И Проектный Институт Типового И Эксперимениального Проектирования Жилых И Обжественных Зданий Concrete mixture
RU2031091C1 (en) * 1989-11-20 1995-03-20 Николай Яковлевич Кузьменко Composition for pressed article making
WO1993025492A1 (en) * 1992-06-05 1993-12-23 Thieme Gotthardt Insulating material based on used raw materials and on fibrous raw materials, and process for producing the same
RU2053984C1 (en) * 1994-11-23 1996-02-10 Нина Володаровна Вараксова Composition for production of heat-insulating material
WO1997033843A1 (en) * 1996-03-11 1997-09-18 Zakrytoye Aktsionernoye Obshchestvo 'ksv' Thermally insulating building material

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2203244C1 (en) * 2001-09-27 2003-04-27 Литвин Петр Ефимович "kremneplast' material manufacture process
RU2237635C1 (en) * 2003-01-22 2004-10-10 Братский государственный технический университет Binder
RU2237634C1 (en) * 2003-01-22 2004-10-10 Братский государственный технический университет Binder
RU2814693C1 (en) * 2023-05-19 2024-03-04 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Ангарский государственный технический университет" Raw mixture for production of structural and thermal insulation material
RU2834574C1 (en) * 2024-04-26 2025-02-11 Вячеслав Анатольевич Павликов Structural and heat-insulating construction material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU1581599A (en) 1999-10-18

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Kozlowski et al. Flame resistant lignocellulosic-mineral composite particleboards
US4311554A (en) Incombustible material
DK2614184T3 (en) Method of forming a fireproof cellulose product and associated device
US5534058A (en) Structural products manufactured from fly ash
US20050066859A1 (en) Incombustible composition, incombustible construction product using incombustible composition, and method of producing incombustible construction product
HU224122B1 (en) Non-inflammable fiber product
CN102826817A (en) Fly-ash fiber outer wall heat-insulation board and preparation method thereof
CN111217560A (en) Asbestos-free straw fiber reinforced cement board and preparation method thereof
CN101423371A (en) Building board combining magnesium compounds and plant fibre and preparation method thereof
CN100532315C (en) Magnesium-calcium fireproof plant fiber board and preparation method thereof
US3892586A (en) Process for the preparation of building units
CN101250039A (en) A preparation technology of fly ash fiber board
CN1651683A (en) Plant straw fiber reinforced lightweight hollow slats
WO1999048836A1 (en) Composite with mineral binder
KR20170112439A (en) Fiber board incombustible panels and manufacturing method thereof
CN1110347A (en) Synthetic paper wood and producing method thereof
WO2018193398A1 (en) Pressed board products
JP2611886B2 (en) Calcium silicate-based interior / exterior plate and method for producing the same
Olayiwola et al. Development of geopolymer bonded wood composites
JPH0995556A (en) Fire-resistant board composition
KR20010014221A (en) Refractory liquid and method of manufacturing the same, and refractory material, refractory building material and refractory adhesive each manufactured from the refractory liquid
NO146501B (en) PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING A LIGHT, NON-FLAMMABLE BUILDING MATERIAL
CN108585615A (en) A kind of resistance to compression light fire-proof plank and preparation method thereof
CN102677817A (en) Method for producing and processing light partition wall board made of rice and wheat straws
CN102476941A (en) Cement straw composite board

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CU CZ DE DK EE ES FI GB GE GH GM HU ID IL IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT UG US UZ VN YU ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW SD SZ UG ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: KR

WPC Withdrawal of priority claims after completion of the technical preparations for international publication
REG Reference to national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: 8642

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: CA

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase