WO1998018310A2 - Soil tilling machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a soil tilling machine (2) dragging a soil compacting roller (1), wherein the soil tilling machine (2) is a rotating, cylindrical tool holder having a continued or discontinued peripheral surface and implements (9) oriented radially to the outside, which penetrate the earth and raise or jut out recesses corresponding to the form of the implement. The implement can be configured as a hollow disk arrangement and forming a disc-shaped groove. The soil tilling machine (2) is allocated to a planting or fertilizing machine or the like which delivers the stock to the implements (9) and from thereon to the recesses. The soil compacting roller (1) is particularly driven at a speed higher than the travelling speed. When the implement is configured as a double disc harrow, the individual discs are fitted with a dividing device that separates the stock coming out of one disc from the earth swath loosened by the neighboring disc so that the seeds coming out are not influenced by said earth swath.

Description

 Tillage machine

The invention relates to a tillage machine with a sowing device and with a trailing soil compaction roller.

In known machines, the soil is prepared in a conventional manner by plowing and depositing the seed, or, if the soil is only surface-treated, by tearing the soil and then sowing or with the aid of seed coulters. In modern tillage, the seed is placed in the soil with as little intervention as possible, and a seed bed is still created for the material to be put down.

The object of the invention is to propose a tillage machine which has tools with which recesses or hollows are formed for receiving seed or fertilizer, which are arranged in the direction of travel at a distance from one another as individual hollows, or directly one behind the other in the form of a type of gutter, the material is fed through an internal filling on the tools, and a subsequent soil compaction is carried out.

According to the invention, this object is achieved with the features of the characterizing part of claim 1. Further embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

The soil compaction roller has its own drive and its peripheral speed is adjustable. The surface of the soil compaction roller can be smooth or textured. Because the soil compacting roller is driven at a higher rotational speed than the driving speed, it becomes a chopping one or smoothing effect on the floor. If the circumferential speed of the soil compaction roller is chosen to be less than the driving speed, a dragging or pushing effect on the soil surface is achieved.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the tillage machine is a rotating, cylindrical tool carrier which runs relative to the soil compaction roller and which, e.g. can be driven via an articulated shaft, a chain or the like in order to achieve a differential speed, and which has tools running radially outward on the circumference of the roller, which are connected to the circumference of the tool carrier, for example via tool holders or tool handles. The tool elements, which can be exchangeably fastened to the tool handles or holders, are, for example, finger-shaped or rod-shaped elements which penetrate into the ground and dig out or cut out hollows. The shape of such cavities depends on the speed at which the tool carrier with the tool elements rotates relative to the driving speed. The term "cylindrical" for the tool carrier encompasses both a continuous and a discontinuous cylinder or drum shape, the latter including star-shaped, disk-shaped or similar individual elements which are arranged parallel to one another and are spaced apart from one another and whose common outer circumference is cylindrical Embodiment of the invention is proposed to design the tools as hollow disc coulters.

A large number of such tool handles with tool elements are arranged in parallel next to one another and offset behind one another on the jacket of the tool carrier. If the soil cultivation machine is designed as a combined sowing or fertilizing machine, seed, fertilizer or the like is applied in granular form, as granules or the like from a storage container; This material to be dispensed is brought up via hose or piping or the like to the tool stems or holders rotating together with the tool carrier, at the feed parts of the material to be dispensed or at the transfer point of the material, small passageways or transport spaces are created which pick up the transferred goods and place them in the respective cavity due to the rotation of the tool body. The trailing soil compaction roller then presses the soil excavated or excavated by the formation of cavities and thereby covers the spread material.

The passage or transport spaces which are formed on the tool handles at the goods transfer points can have U-shaped, curved, groove-shaped, web-like or similar shapes which are suitable for transferring the goods from the goods supply lines to the rotating tool handles.

The tool elements of the tool carrier serve to receive the feed of the seed, fertilizer or the like. The feed lines or feed pipes for the goods are designed and arranged such that they are filled internally with the goods. The material outlet can be arranged coaxially to the axis of the tool carrier, so that the direction of discharge of the material after leaving the outlet end of the feed line is at an angle to the vertical and strikes a plate, disk or the like of the tool carrier, from where the material bounces off and on one of the Tool handles are placed radially outwards and on the floor. The goods are guided in the tool handles directly behind the tool element, the tool elements being interchangeable elements on the tool handle. The tool handles can, for example, be U-shaped, angular or the like, or they can be designed as closed hollow handles, in the interior of which the material is conveyed to the outside. To prevent the goods to be deposited from being thrown away, guide surfaces can be provided which guide the goods when they are delivered.

The soil compaction roller connected downstream of the soil cultivation machine is preferably designed such that the peripheral speed of the roller is greater than the driving speed of the soil cultivation machine. This peripheral speed is advantageously adjustable. A special embodiment of a soil compacting roller according to the invention is designed such that individual stamp elements of a stamping tool are sickle-like elements or spring arms fastened on one side to the axis of the soil compacting roller, the inner portion of which is attached to the shaft and extends radially outward and the outer portion of which adjoins the inner section, is a partial circle adapted to the circumference, which is designed to be resilient in the radial extent and whose free end is spaced apart from the stamp element adjacent in the circumferential direction.

The soil stabilization roller according to the invention consists of at least two offset in the circumferential direction, resiliently resilient on the circumferential surface, approximately sickle-shaped stabilization elements, which are designed for example in the form of angled spring arms. The strengthening elements are optionally connected directly to the rotating axis or to flanges attached to the rotating axis, e.g. screwed so that the elements are interchangeable. Each strengthening element has an approximately crescent-shaped shape with an inner section which forms the support section which is connected directly or indirectly to the axle, and an inner section which extends radially outward and preferably integrally connects the outer section and forms part of the circumferential circle forms the device and represents the active or working surface.

The free end of the outer section facing away from the inner section of the strengthening element is arranged at a distance from the associated next element, and due to the self-supporting configuration of the outer section of this element, this outer section can deflect elastically and resiliently inward when it encounters an obstacle or the like, the assignment between two adjacent elements is selected such that the free end of the outer section of the strengthening element is deflected onto the radial, inner section of the subsequent ing element or on a limit provided for this purpose, so that this trailing element acts as a stop for the free end of the outer portion of the preceding element. If the free end strikes the downstream element, there is usually an impact effect which serves to dissolve a blockage or the like. The individual consolidation elements or their outer sections form the circumferential circle of the device during normal operation, so that these outer sections form the active or working surfaces which press on the soil thrown up to the left and right of and above the groove, for example the sar groove, and thus that Press on the soil at this point and compact it with the seeds in it. The dropping of the adhering soil is based on the fact that with each revolution the adhering soil builds up higher and the subsequent spring contact pushes the free spring end inwards until the tread is deformed to such an extent that the adhering soil falls off.

The outer section of each stamp element is configured in its basic form, for example, like a leaf spring, ie the width of the element (dimension in the direction of the axis of the device) is a multiple of the height or thickness of the section. In a modified embodiment of the invention, the outer surface of this section, which represents the effective surface acting on the floor, is raised, for example triangular, frustoconical, spherical, semicircular, etc., this elevation being continuous or interrupted over the entire extent . The material forming the elevation is preferably a flexible material, for example plastic, rubber, metal or the like, and can be fastened interchangeably. If these elevations are discontinuous, the arrangement is expediently chosen such that elevations and depressions alternate with one another in the circumferential direction. The stamp elements of a stamp tool are arranged at an angle to one another in the circumferential direction. Two stamp elements or spring arms offset by 180 °, three by 120 ° etc. can be provided.

In a special embodiment of the invention, the stamp elements of two adjacent stamp tools are arranged on one and the same axis in the circumferential direction in each case at a gap, i.e. offset to each other in the circumferential direction by half the angle of the angular distance between two adjacent elements; this ensures that stable and unstable zones on the stamping tools alternate with one another in the axial direction.

According to a special embodiment, the tillage tools according to the invention are designed in the form of hollow disks which are arranged parallel to one another on a common axis. According to the invention, the hollow disc coulters are each assigned a seed outlet near the ground, which is separated from the adjacent hollow disc coulter by a separating device which is arranged in a stationary or rotating manner. This separating device is, for example, a separating plate, a cutting disc or the like, which prevents the swath of soil from the one disc coulter from falling onto the adjoining disc coulter or the associated grain outlet when it is turned over.

In a further embodiment of the invention, instead of a single axis of the device, two axes are arranged one behind the other in the direction of travel, and the stamping tools of the two axes are arranged offset in the direction of travel to a gap.

The invention is explained below in connection with the drawing using exemplary embodiments. Show it: 1 is a schematic representation of a tillage machine according to the invention,

2 the tool carrier device with the trailing soil compacting roller in operation,

3 shows an embodiment of a material feed to the tool handles in operation,

4 shows another embodiment of the seed feed,

5 shows an embodiment of a material feed with internal filling,

6 is a schematic representation of a soil fastening device according to the innovation in connection with a soil cultivation machine in an overall view from the side,

7 the ground stabilization device from the front,

8 shows another embodiment of a stamp element in a three-dimensional representation,

9 shows a further embodiment of a part of a stamp element,

10 is a stamp device in longitudinal and side view,

1 1 schematically shows a two-axis device,

12 shows another embodiment of a hollow molding device in the form of a hollow disk coulter arrangement according to the invention,

1 3 an embodiment of a hollow disc coulter with separating device (mudguard),

Fig. 14 is a hollow disc coulter with a separating device (protective disc) with different axes and

Fig. 1 5 is a schematic representation of the total tillage machine with two-axis hollow disc arrangement.

Figures 1 and 2 schematically show a soil compaction roller, the rotational speed of which is set differently from the driving speed. With 2 a soil cultivation machine leading the soil compaction roller is indicated, which, like the roller 1, is received by a carrier frame 3. 4 is a sowing box with a frame part 5, on which a transfer of goods 6 to the tool carrier 2 takes place, 7 are support wheels. Optionally, the soil compaction roller 1 can also be driven at a lower peripheral speed than the driving speed, in which case a dragging or pushing effect is achieved, while in a preferred embodiment in which the peripheral speed is greater than the driving speed, a chopping or grinding Effect is achieved.

The tool carrier 2, as shown in FIG. 2, has tool handles or holders 8 offset in the circumferential direction with tool elements 9 at their outer end. The tool elements 9 form the cavities 10, in which the material to be dispensed is placed.

The transfer of the material to be discharged is shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 in two different embodiments, the tool handles here being provided with projections 11, which together with the handles 8 each have a passage or transport space or a receiving space for the material 12, which is fed from line 1 3 (or 6). The good 1 2 is released into the hollow 10. This delivery can be influenced by the speed at which the product 12 exits the delivery line 13, and also by changing the speed at which the tool handles 8 rotate. In order to avoid undesired spinning off of the good grains 12, guide plates or guide surfaces 14 can be provided.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, resilient or elastically flexible, downward-lying support elements 1 6, for example rods, strips, plates or the like, are provided on a frame part 15, which are firmly connected to the frame part 15 at 17. eg are welded. The carrier elements 16 receive seed guide tubes, hoses or the like. Feeding devices 18, which are inserted at the outlet end 19 at an angle or horizontally into the interior of the tool carrier 2, where the good grains 20 hit a guide or baffle surface 21, of which the Grains as with Arrow 22 shown, in the direction of the good guiding channels 23 in the tool handles 24 reach the discharge end 25 and from there are deposited in the hollow created by the tool elements immediately behind the tool element. A cylindrical flange, for example, is shown at 26 and acts as a soil rejection.

6 shows at 31 a star-shaped tool holder which receives feed connections 32 for material 33 to be brought out, in particular seed, which is deposited in the cavity 35 created by the tool element 34 in the soil 36. The consolidation device 37 exists in the case of the one shown Embodiment of three compression elements 38, 39, 40 offset in the circumferential direction and resiliently flexible on the circumferential surface, which are designed, for example, as spring arms. The elements 38, 39, 40 are fastened to the axis 41 via flanges 42, 43, 44 extending from the axis 41, for example by screw connections 45. The inner section 46, 47, 48 of each element 38, 39, 40 extends from the latter the respective mounting flange approximately radially outwards and merges at points 49, 50, 51 into the part-circular outer section 52, 53, 54. The outer sections 52, 53, 54 form the active surface of the stamping tool 37 and in their entirety represent the circumferential circle which is only interrupted at the free ends 55, so that a gap 56 is formed between two adjacent outer element sections, which enables the outer section 52 deforms when acted on from the outside and the free end 55 comes to bear against the inner section 48 and then returns to the starting position. A plurality of stamping tools 37, which are offset from one another at the same distance, are arranged on the axis 41. The distance between two adjacent stamping tools 37, 37 'can correspond to the distance between two parallel rows of seeds.

The stamp elements 38, 39, 40 are preferably made of spring steel and have a width which is considered sufficient for the pressing of the soil along a groove, for example a column, so that the outer surface or active surface of the outer surface cuts of the stamp elements, the soil which has been torn open or loosened by the tool elements 34 of the tool carrier 31 is compacted, as indicated by 58. 59 denotes the seeds. The stamp elements are designed as flat springs, the width of which is a multiple of the material thickness.

If the stamp element, e.g. 38, when operating on an obstacle, e.g. hits a stone, the section 54 is deflected resiliently and then takes e.g. a position 54 '. The deflection can be so great that the free end 55, as indicated at 55 ', strikes the back of the inner section 47, which then serves as a stop for the outer section 54. Such a strong deflection has the result that an impact or impact is exerted on the stamp element 39, which counteracts clogging by the ground. If the obstacle is removed, e.g. when the stone is left, the outer section 54 springs back into the starting position, whereby a cleaning effect is exerted on the entire stamping tool.

A modified embodiment of a stamp element is shown in FIG. 8. The inner radial section 46 merges at 49 into the outer circumferential section 52; in the case of the embodiment according to FIG. 8, this section 52 has an elevation 60 which in cross section is triangular, spherical, part-circular, frustoconical or in a corresponding manner tapering outwards is trained. The elevation 60 can, as shown in FIG. 8, be continuous or also interrupted over the entire outer section 52 and consists of a resilient material, for example plastic, rubber, metal or the like. Furthermore, this elevation 60 can be the outer section 22 may be fixed or detachable for replacement. One embodiment of an interrupted bump is shown in FIG. 9. An inner section 46 is adjoined by an outer circumferential section 61, which has a discontinuous elevation 62, which is shown in FIG. 9 in the form of two tunnel-shaped (pyramid-shaped or similarly shaped) elevations 63, 64, which between leave a free space 65. The elevations 63, 64 represent the active surface of the stamp element 46, 61, their distance corresponds to the distance, for example, of two seed placement points, so that individual pressure points for solidifying the soil at the seed placement points are formed with an arrangement according to FIG. 9. Instead of the tunnel-shaped elevations 63, 64, these elevations can be frustoconical, pyramid-shaped, partially spherical or in a similar form, which are for example solid.

10 shows two stamping tools 66, 67 arranged on an axis. The stamp elements of these tools are shown in FIG. 10a transversely to the axis 41, and in FIG. 10b in the axial direction. The elements 68, 69, 70, which are shown instead of the inner and outer sections of a stamp element for the sake of simplicity, are each offset by 1 20 ° relative to one another on the axis 41. Correspondingly, the stamp elements 71, 72, 73 of the stamp tool 67 are offset in the circumferential direction of the axis 41 by 60 ° in the circumferential direction relative to the elements of the tool 66, so that the stamp elements of the tool 67 are arranged in a gap with the stamp elements of the tool 66, and thus Alternate stable and unstable zones on the punching tools in the longitudinal direction of the axis.

1 1 shows an arrangement in which two axes 74 and 75 are arranged parallel to one another and at a distance one behind the other, and the stamping tools 76, 77 and 78, 79 are offset from one another in the axial direction to a gap.

12 shows a top view of a hollow disk arrangement 80, in which two hollow disks 82, 86 of the same design are arranged in bearing points 83, 87 on a common axis 81. Grain discharge devices 84, 88 are assigned to the convex side of these hollow disks 82, 86 and deposit the grains to be discharged from a grain hopper in cavities. The grain outlet device 84 is against the hollow disc 86 shielded by a separating device 85 in such a way that the soil loosened from the hollow disk 86 is drained off in the form of an earth swath 90, so that the earth swath cannot obstruct the area around the grain outlet. A corresponding grain outlet 88 is assigned to the disk 86, which also has a separating device 89. The separating devices 85, 89 can be arranged rigidly or rotatingly and optionally with the same or different axes. A coaxial arrangement is seen from the side in FIG. 1 3, an embodiment of the hollow disk and the separating device (mudguard) with spaced axes is shown in FIG. 14. The separating device is here with 85 'and the bearing point of the separating device with 83 ' designated.

In Fig. 1 5 a functional sketch is shown, which reproduces the workflow. Two hollow disk arrangements 91 and 92 are arranged transversely in the direction of travel 93 and offset at an angle to one another and to the transverse direction, such that the hollow disks 91 are arranged in a convex manner and the hollow disks 92 act concavely and the two disk arrangements thus complement one another in the effect on the direction of travel. Following the harrow tines, harrow tines 94 are provided and, following the harrow tines, a consolidation roller 95 is provided for reconsolidating the soil, e.g. a spring stamp packer.

Claims

claims 1 . Soil cultivation machine with a trailing soil compaction roller, characterized in that the soil cultivation machine is a rotating, cylindrical tool carrier with a continuous or discontinuous circumferential surface and with radially outwardly directed tool elements which are designed in such a way that they penetrate into the ground and excavate or excavate the corresponding molds cut out, and that the soil cultivating device is assigned a sowing, fertilizing or similar device which holds the material to be spread, e.g. Seed, fertilizer, flour-like or liquid material approach the tool elements and introduce them into the burrows, the soil compaction roller and / or the soil cultivation roller rotating at different speeds compared to the driving speed. 2. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the tools are connected via tool handles to the circumference of the tool body. 3. Machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the tool handles or tool holder are designed as a passage or transport space for the material to be discharged. 4. Machine according to one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the supply of the seed, fertilizer or the like. Good as an internal filling and the good outlet takes place substantially coaxially to the axis of the tool carrier. 5. Machine according to one of claims 1-4, characterized in that support rods, strip-shaped support plates or the like are attached to the machine frame, which extend downward from the frame into the region of the tool carrier axis, which are designed to be elastically flexible or deflectable in the direction of travel, and the the Pick up and position goods feed devices in the form of pipes, hoses and the like, such that the outlet of the goods feed devices is directed into the interior of the tool carrier. 6. Machine according to claim 5, characterized in that the outlet of the material supply devices is assigned a target or surface inside the tool carrier, which is designed as a guide or baffle surface and which transfers the goods into the tool elements from where the goods is delivered to the ground. 7. Machine according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the tool carriers have a coaxial, hollow cylindrical flange which faces the seed feed and which receives the crop feed device. 8. Machine according to claim 7, characterized in that the flange is designed as a soil deflector. 9. Machine according to one of claims - 3, characterized in that the tool handles or tool holders have a radially extending, U-shaped cross-section, curved, groove-shaped, web-shaped or the like. Guide surface which forms the passage or transport space. 10. Machine according to one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the relative peripheral speed of the drum-shaped tool carrier is different from the speed of the supply of the material to be distributed, e.g. Seeds, is. 1 1. Device for consolidating the soil during tillage and sowing processes with the help of stamping tools that rotate all around on a horizontal axis are arranged and have radially outwardly directed stamp elements, for egg ^¬ ne tillage device according to one of claims 1-10, characterized in that the individual stamp elements of a stamping tool are crescent-shaped elements or angled spring arms which are fastened on one side to the axis of the device, the latter having the shaft attached inner portion extends radially outward and the outer portion, which adjoins the inner portion, is a circumferential pitch circle, which is designed to be resilient in the radial extent, and the free end of which is spaced from the circumferentially adjacent stamp element. 12. The apparatus according to claim 1 1, characterized in that the individual stamp elements consist of leaf spring steel at least in the outer portion. 1 3. Device according to claim 1 1 or 12, characterized in that the inner portion are screwed to radial flanges of the through shaft. 14. Device according to one of claims 1 1 - 1 3, characterized in that two or more stamp elements are provided one behind the other in the circumferential direction. 1 5. Apparatus according to claim 1 1, characterized in that the circumferential distance of two stamp elements arranged one behind the other in the circumferential direction and the resilient configuration of the outer portion of the stamp elements are so matched to one another that the free end of the outer portion of each stamp element with an inward deflection due to external influences hits a corresponding limitation, such that the inner section acts as a stop. 16. The device according to one of claims 1 1 - 1 5, characterized in that the outer portion of the spring arm is a triangular, rounded or similar- chen, has a tapering outward cross section. 1 7. Device according to claim 16, characterized in that the outer portion of the spring arm has intermittent elevations in the circumferential direction. 18. The apparatus according to claim 16 or 1 7, characterized in that the elevations of the outer portion of the spring arm are interchangeable. 19. Device according to one of claims 16 - 18, characterized in that the elevations are made of flexible material, for example plastic, rubber, metal or the like. 20. Device according to one of claims 1 1 - 1 9, characterized in that each stamp element is composed of two or more individual spring arms. 21. Device according to one of claims 1 1 - 20, characterized in that two adjacent stamp elements arranged on the axis at a distance from one another are arranged in the circumferential direction with a gap between them. 22. Device according to one of claims 1 1 - 20, characterized in that the device consists of two axes arranged one behind the other, and that the tool elements of one axis with the tool elements of the other axis are arranged in a gap in the direction of travel. 23. The device according to claim 1 or one of claims 2 to 10, wherein the processing device is a disc coulter arrangement and a seed outlet is arranged in the vicinity of the lowest point of the disc coulters between each two disc coulters, characterized in that the Kuhlenformwerkzeug a hollow disc coulter arrangement or a plurality from concentric on a shaft