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WO1994009164A1 - Procede de traitement thermique de produits metalliques - Google Patents

Procede de traitement thermique de produits metalliques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994009164A1
WO1994009164A1 PCT/EP1993/002777 EP9302777W WO9409164A1 WO 1994009164 A1 WO1994009164 A1 WO 1994009164A1 EP 9302777 W EP9302777 W EP 9302777W WO 9409164 A1 WO9409164 A1 WO 9409164A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
nozzle
roller
cooling
steel
heat treatment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP1993/002777
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hans-Georg Bittner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Heimsoth Verwaltungen & Co KG Beteiligungsgesellschaft GmbH
Heimsoth Verwaltungen GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Heimsoth Verwaltungen & Co KG Beteiligungsgesellschaft GmbH
Heimsoth Verwaltungen GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Heimsoth Verwaltungen & Co KG Beteiligungsgesellschaft GmbH, Heimsoth Verwaltungen GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Heimsoth Verwaltungen & Co KG Beteiligungsgesellschaft GmbH
Priority to DE59309308T priority Critical patent/DE59309308D1/de
Priority to EP93922928A priority patent/EP0616646B1/fr
Publication of WO1994009164A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994009164A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/667—Quenching devices for spray quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0056—Furnaces through which the charge is moved in a horizontal straight path
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0062—Heat-treating apparatus with a cooling or quenching zone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C21D1/767—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material with forced gas circulation; Reheating thereof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to methods for the heat treatment of metallic material in a roller furnace, in particular of relatively thin, quickly cooled steel parts, such as ball bearing rings, knives, saws, pliers, cutters and the like, the material after a heating phase in the so-called high temperature range (e.g. For steel, depending on the heat treatment, above 800 - 1250 ° C) is placed directly on the ceramic rollers of the roller furnace.
  • a heating phase in the so-called high temperature range (e.g. For steel, depending on the heat treatment, above 800 - 1250 ° C) is placed directly on the ceramic rollers of the roller furnace.
  • a device for heat treating metallic material (DE-PS 31 50 576) is known, in which glow racks are arranged on a roller conveyor, which in turn have been fitted with the metallic parts in the individual compartments.
  • glow racks are arranged on a roller conveyor, which in turn have been fitted with the metallic parts in the individual compartments.
  • the invention is concerned with the problem of enabling a heat treatment of metal parts, in which the metal parts do not warp and only insignificant signs of edge decarburization or edge decarburization and edge oxidation or scale formation occur.
  • a method of the type mentioned at the outset which is characterized in that the material is conveyed on the roller conveyor into the cooling zone, in which, by means of nozzle fields arranged both above and below the roller conveyor, for example in the manner of impingement flows, the material is cooled spatially uniformly and very quickly and that the martensite starting temperature is fallen below locally (e.g. in the case of steel), so that even without the use of presses there is very little or almost no distortion in the workpiece.
  • a boundary layer can also be provided with suction. With this process, even heat transfer coefficients from the range of oil quenching of up to 1000 - 4000 W / m 2 K can be achieved.
  • the temperature gradient immediately above the roller conveyor is so low that the metal parts located there cannot warp. Such a temperature distribution can only be achieved with a roller oven.
  • ceramic and carbon-free rollers are used advantageously according to the invention, which have sufficient heat resistance.
  • pittings do not occur since no contact of hot metal with hot metal occurs during the annealing process, but rather the steel parts rest on the ceramic rollers.
  • metal rollers are predominantly used, which is only possible if a relatively great effort is made for the air or water cooling of the rollers.
  • the burners are operated in the high temperature range, for example during heat treatment for hardening steel, the so-called austenitizing range, without excess air.
  • the burners are set in such a way that a protective gas can indeed be dispensed with.
  • metal parts of this type are easily scaled on the surface, with a layer thickness in the range of approximately 0.01-0.03 mm. This edge scaling has no influence on the product quality, on the contrary, the scaling prevents the metal parts from carburizing or decarburizing, so that a -4.-
  • the metal parts are conveyed through the roller furnace at different speeds.
  • the speed depends on the thickness of the metallic material to be heat-treated, and when a temperature of approximately 850 ° C. is reached, the parts to be heat-treated are transported at a higher speed.
  • the residence time of the metals in the region of higher temperatures can be limited to a time period which does not permit any noticeable carburization or decarburization processes.
  • the metal parts are finally transported at an even higher speed. After passing through the high temperature zone, the hot material is removed from the oven very quickly.
  • baffles can also be used there, with one or more baffles being one behind the other at the outlet. If an oven with a light refractory lining, for example made of fiber materials, is used in carrying out the method according to the invention, the oven can be heated up and down in a short time.
  • the temperature field directly above the rollers can be set spatially constant in the method according to the invention, it is possible to treat metal parts with different dimensions at the same time, especially if the thickness of these parts is not significantly different.
  • the temperature can also be made more uniform by using pulse burners or high-speed burners which can be set with a constant gas-air mixture and can also be operated in a clocked manner.
  • the method according to the invention is also characterized in that the material is conveyed into the cooling zone following the heating phase and the so-called high-temperature region, in order to be cooled here by means of air arranged above and below the roller conveyor, for example with air, so that no or only a little Delay occurs after cooling.
  • the metallic material is hardly decarburized and hardly oxidized.
  • values are achieved, such as those obtained from salt bath quenching (600-1000 W / m 2 K), oil quenching and water quenching (2000-4000 W / m 2 K) from below through the rollers, and the nozzles are precisely positioned in the spaces between the roles.
  • the nozzles are located above the goods from above.
  • This method is characterized in that there is an exact separation of the atmosphere between the actual heating part, the austenitizing part, for example in the case of steel, and the cooling part.
  • a reducing atmosphere is required in the high-temperature zone and pure, cold air is blown up in the cooling section.
  • the method can be characterized in that the heating part and the cooling part are separated by a lock.
  • the method is characterized in that the cooling can be operated continuously or pulsating, which means that the cooling only starts when a workpiece in question has reached the cooling point.
  • the process is characterized in that a nozzle field is used.
  • the nozzle field is designed in two ways. Firstly, to achieve a very high heat transfer coefficient. For the intensity of the cooling, the nozzle field will be operated with different admission pressures, for example from a slight overpressure from 1 bar up to 20 bar overpressure.
  • the nozzle field can be formed on the one hand from nozzles and on the other hand from a plate into which holes and slots are incorporated.
  • the nozzle diameter and the division ratio of the nozzles are selected according to the material requirements of the material to be cooled. In this point it should also be mentioned that in addition to the shape of the nozzle, the nozzle spacing between the workpiece and the nozzle can also be varied in order to achieve intensive cooling.
  • boundary layer suction can be provided at the bottom and / or at the top. The intensity of the suction is determined by the set vacuum.
  • the task of the cooling mentioned is to exceed the martensite starting temperature of the workpiece at the same time, for example in the case of steel, so that there is no distortion in the workpieces. This is particularly important for workpieces that have a longitudinal dimension in the cm range and a small thickness in the mm range.
  • the heat released during the cooling process can be returned to the burners in the form of preheated air in the order of 100-400 ° C. This gives you heat recovery and lower energy consumption.
  • the nozzle field can be designed so that the outflow of air takes place on one side or also on all four sides or takes place only on two sides or is suctioned off again.
  • the nozzle diameter can range from 1.0 to 4.0 mm.
  • the nozzles can be designed with or without a nozzle neck. The length of the nozzle neck can vary from 0-50 mm.
  • the temperature of the air emerging from the nozzles can be between room temperature and 150 ° C. The Depending on the thickness of the material, the material (the good) can be cooled down to temperatures between 40 and 100 ° C in a few seconds.
  • a special characteristic is to obtain a very intensive heat transfer. This is the case when the distance from the nozzle to the product is very small. In contrast, it is important for the temperature uniformity that a certain distance is maintained so that the entire impingement flow is formed in such a way that the individual nozzle cones overlap sufficiently.
  • the nozzle diameter should be chosen to be very small in order to achieve a high heat transfer, which, however, requires greater pressure resistance and results in higher admission pressures. Optimal heat transfer is achieved when the nozzle pitch is equal to the nozzle distance to the product.
  • roller speeds in the furnace in the heating section Zone I to III and in the cooling section Zone IV can be different.
  • the salt often has to be washed off of metallic material after the heat treatment. Cost-intensive sewage treatment plants for the washing water and air filters for indoor air cleaning are required. Vacuum systems.
  • the material is heated in a vacuum and then cooled under a high overpressure with protective gas (intergas).
  • intergas protective gas
  • the process takes place in batch or chamber furnaces. This process is very complex in terms of equipment. High distortion occurs here with thin materials.
  • Heating in protective gas for example.
  • cooling takes place in air using straightening presses (cooled), on the one hand to cool quickly, and on the other hand to compensate for the delay that has occurred or has occurred.
  • straightening presses cooled
  • the use of a cooled straightening press alone is not sufficient to convert the metals into the desired structural modification sufficiently quickly. In these cases, cooling takes place in oil or in another liquid medium.
  • Figure 1 shows a diagrammatic longitudinal view of a
  • Figures 2 to 4 show views of the nozzle fields in different embodiments.
  • a roller oven is shown schematically in FIG. 1, the roller conveyor being recognizable by the cross-sectional representation of the rollers.
  • the inlet is on the left and the outlet on the right.
  • the furnace consists of three spatially separated stages I, II and III.
  • Zone I There are no burners in Zone I (VWZI), there is a facility here to absorb the furnace gas and discharge it via the chimney. In addition, air is blown in to set the temperature curve.
  • Zone II shows more burners than Zone II (VWZII), in order to express that Zone II is the high temperature range.
  • the goods must be brought from Zone II to Zone III (rapid cooling zone) as quickly as possible.
  • Zone III rapid cooling zone
  • the heating part can be separated from the cooling part by a lock.
  • the cooling zone V (KZ) is arranged after this zone.
  • the metal parts finally reach the high-temperature range, where, for example, steel is subjected to austenitization during heat treatment for hardening.
  • phase III the material is cooled very quickly using nozzle fields.
  • FIG. 2 shows a side view of an embodiment of the cooling zone with nozzles arranged above and below the roller.
  • FIG. 3 shows a view in which the spatial assignment of the nozzles of an upper and a lower nozzle field can be seen.
  • U and 0 denote the individual nozzles of the lower and upper nozzle fields. The best results are achieved with small distances between the nozzles and the product.
  • FIG. 4 shows a side view of a further embodiment of a nozzle field, in which case air suction devices are to be appointed between the individual upper nozzle fields and the boundary layer is thus suctioned off.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de traitement thermique de produits métalliques dans un four à rouleaux, notamment de pièces en acier relativement fines qui se déforment aisément lorsqu'elles sont chauffées, par exemple des bagues de roulement à billes, des ronds de tôle, des lames, des scies et analogues. Les produits sont transportés soutenus sur toute leur longueur sur les rouleaux céramiques du four à rouleaux. Ainsi ils sont chauffés très vite et uniformément refroidis de manière à ce qu'ils ne se déforment pas.
PCT/EP1993/002777 1992-10-10 1993-10-11 Procede de traitement thermique de produits metalliques Ceased WO1994009164A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE59309308T DE59309308D1 (de) 1992-10-10 1993-10-11 Verfahren zur wärmebehandlung von metallischem gut
EP93922928A EP0616646B1 (fr) 1992-10-10 1993-10-11 Procede de traitement thermique de produits metalliques

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP4234285.6 1992-10-10
DE4234285A DE4234285A1 (de) 1992-10-10 1992-10-10 Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung von metallischem Gut

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1994009164A1 true WO1994009164A1 (fr) 1994-04-28

Family

ID=6470217

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP1993/002777 Ceased WO1994009164A1 (fr) 1992-10-10 1993-10-11 Procede de traitement thermique de produits metalliques

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0616646B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE175724T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4234285A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1994009164A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0737755A1 (fr) * 1995-04-13 1996-10-16 Patherm SA Procédé de traitement thermique et installation pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé
US5766382A (en) * 1995-04-13 1998-06-16 Patherm Sa Thermal treatment method and installation for the implementation of this method

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE29603022U1 (de) * 1996-02-21 1996-04-18 Ipsen Industries International GmbH, 47533 Kleve Vorrichtung zum Abschrecken metallischer Werkstücke
DE102008050927B4 (de) * 2008-10-10 2014-12-11 Manfred Husslein Energetisch optimiertes Verfahren, bei dem Werkstücke erhitzt werden, sowie Werkstückförderer und Wärmeübertragungseinheit
CN103146902B (zh) * 2012-12-19 2015-02-04 烟台金光工具有限公司 一种锯条热处理自动生产线
DE102016118253A1 (de) 2016-09-27 2018-03-29 Schwartz Gmbh Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung eines metallischen Bauteils

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2165925A1 (fr) * 1971-12-06 1973-08-10 Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd
GB2001271A (en) * 1977-07-21 1979-01-31 Honda Motor Co Ltd Heat treatment
DE3234863A1 (de) * 1982-09-21 1984-03-22 Messer Griesheim Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Verfahren und vorrichtung zum blankgluehen von metallischen werkstuecken mit stickstoff als schutzgas
EP0109892A1 (fr) * 1982-11-17 1984-05-30 Piezo-Ceram Electronique Four continu de brasure de composants électroniques
WO1986005210A1 (fr) * 1985-03-06 1986-09-12 Bertin & Cie Installation de refroidissement par pulverisation
WO1992002316A1 (fr) * 1990-08-02 1992-02-20 Wsp Ingenieurgesellschaft Für Wärmetechnik, Strömungstechnik Und Prozesstechnik Mbh Dispositif de refroidissement de profiles extrudes

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2165925A1 (fr) * 1971-12-06 1973-08-10 Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd
GB2001271A (en) * 1977-07-21 1979-01-31 Honda Motor Co Ltd Heat treatment
DE3234863A1 (de) * 1982-09-21 1984-03-22 Messer Griesheim Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Verfahren und vorrichtung zum blankgluehen von metallischen werkstuecken mit stickstoff als schutzgas
EP0109892A1 (fr) * 1982-11-17 1984-05-30 Piezo-Ceram Electronique Four continu de brasure de composants électroniques
WO1986005210A1 (fr) * 1985-03-06 1986-09-12 Bertin & Cie Installation de refroidissement par pulverisation
WO1992002316A1 (fr) * 1990-08-02 1992-02-20 Wsp Ingenieurgesellschaft Für Wärmetechnik, Strömungstechnik Und Prozesstechnik Mbh Dispositif de refroidissement de profiles extrudes

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
J.WÜNNING: "Die Wärmebehandlung in der Fertigungslinie mit einem neuartigen Rollenherdofen", HAERTEREI TECHNISCHE MITTEILUNGEN., vol. 45, no. 6, December 1990 (1990-12-01), MUNCHEN DE, pages 325 - 329 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0737755A1 (fr) * 1995-04-13 1996-10-16 Patherm SA Procédé de traitement thermique et installation pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé
US5766382A (en) * 1995-04-13 1998-06-16 Patherm Sa Thermal treatment method and installation for the implementation of this method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4234285A1 (de) 1994-04-14
ATE175724T1 (de) 1999-01-15
DE59309308D1 (de) 1999-02-25
EP0616646A1 (fr) 1994-09-28
EP0616646B1 (fr) 1999-01-13

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