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EP4015657B1 - Traitement thermique de composants - Google Patents

Traitement thermique de composants Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4015657B1
EP4015657B1 EP21209527.7A EP21209527A EP4015657B1 EP 4015657 B1 EP4015657 B1 EP 4015657B1 EP 21209527 A EP21209527 A EP 21209527A EP 4015657 B1 EP4015657 B1 EP 4015657B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
component
furnace
components
oven
region
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP21209527.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP4015657C0 (fr
EP4015657A1 (fr
Inventor
Andreas Reinartz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schwartz GmbH
Original Assignee
Schwartz GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4015657C0 publication Critical patent/EP4015657C0/fr
Publication of EP4015657B1 publication Critical patent/EP4015657B1/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0056—Furnaces through which the charge is moved in a horizontal straight path
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0062—Heat-treating apparatus with a cooling or quenching zone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for the thermal treatment of metallic components, in particular steel components for a motor vehicle.
  • the object of the present invention is to accelerate the thermal treatment of components, which differs from region to region, based on the described prior art.
  • Components can be thermally treated using the described method.
  • the components are preferably steel components.
  • the steel is preferably 22MnB5.
  • components for a motor vehicle, in particular B-pillars can be thermally treated using the described method.
  • the components are preferably press-hardened in a press and thus hot-formed.
  • the method preferably includes, for each of the components, as a further step that the component is transferred to a press after the thermal treatment and is press-hardened there.
  • the described method is a method for the thermal treatment and press-hardening of metal components.
  • the method comprises steps a) to d). For a specific component, these are carried out in the order given. Preferably, several components are thermally treated one after the other, with the thermal treatment of one component being started before the thermal treatment of a previous component is completed.
  • steps a) to d) the component passes through the first oven and the tempering station.
  • the first oven and the tempering station are different components that are spatially separated from one another.
  • the component is heated in the first furnace, preferably to a temperature above the austenitizing temperature of the component.
  • the heating takes place to a temperature above the AC3 temperature of the component.
  • a furnace is understood to mean a device which is brought to an adjustable temperature inside and into which a component can be introduced. Over time, the component takes on the temperature prevailing inside the furnace. The heat is transferred to the component by thermal radiation.
  • the first furnace is preferably a continuous furnace.
  • a continuous furnace is a furnace through which the component can be moved, the component being heated as it passes through the furnace.
  • the first furnace is preferably a roller hearth furnace.
  • the component is preferably heated by burners, in particular Gas burner. This allows the component to have a particularly evenly distributed temperature.
  • the entire component is heated in the first oven.
  • the component is completely taken up by the first oven.
  • heating by a particularly large temperature difference can be achieved with an oven.
  • a component With an oven, a component can be heated from room temperature to a temperature in the range of the AC3 temperature of the component. Such extensive heating is not possible with many other heating methods, or at least not without disproportionate effort.
  • Heating in an oven is particularly in contrast to heating by so-called "direct energization". This would make it difficult to heat the component evenly and to a sufficiently high level. With direct energization, the speed of heating is more important. In addition, direct energization requires contact with the component. In step a) of the process described, heating is preferably carried out without contact. This does not exclude the component being moved through the first oven using transport rollers and thus being in contact with the transport rollers. Heating is contactless if the heat is introduced into the component via a gas and/or thermal radiation.
  • step b) the component is held at the exit of the first oven in such a way that a first area of the component cools down outside the first oven, while a second area of the component remains inside the first oven.
  • the component is at rest for this step. For a treatment time, it is located at the exit of the first oven in such a way that the component is partly inside and partly outside the first oven.
  • the part of the component held outside the first oven in step b) is the first area of the component.
  • the part of the component held inside the first oven in step b) is the second area of the component.
  • the component therefore protrudes from the exit of the first oven.
  • the protruding first area of the component cools down in the process. This can happen because the component gives off heat via radiation.
  • the component can be moved in a transport direction through the first furnace and all subsequent elements of the device. It is preferred that the first region of the component is arranged in front of the second region of the component in the transport direction. This means that the first region leaves the first furnace first. Particularly preferably, a dividing line between the first region and the second region runs transversely to the transport direction.
  • the method described is particularly suitable for such components because these components can be held particularly easily at the exit of the first furnace according to step b).
  • the second region remaining in the first furnace is exposed to a higher temperature than the first region.
  • the temperature of the second region in step b) can rise, remain constant or fall. If the temperature of the second region falls, this occurs more slowly than the cooling of the first region.
  • the first region has a first temperature and the second region has a second temperature, the first temperature being lower than the second temperature, preferably by at least 100 K.
  • the two areas Due to the different thermal treatment of the two areas, the two areas can acquire different ductilities in the further course of the process.
  • the first area and the second area are preferably each connected areas.
  • the component preferably has exactly one first area, exactly one second area, a transition area between the first area and the second area and no further areas.
  • a simple division of the component into two areas is easiest to achieve by step b).
  • the first area and/or the second area are each made up of several non-connected sub-areas. This can be achieved by appropriately designing the exit of the first furnace.
  • step b) of the process the component is transferred from the first oven to the tempering station.
  • “From the first oven” refers to the position in which the component was held for step b). It is therefore not necessary for the Component is completely in the first oven at the start of step c).
  • the transfer according to step c) preferably takes place directly from the first oven to the tempering station. This means that the component does not pass through any further element between the first oven and the tempering station.
  • the tempering station is arranged downstream of the first oven in the transport direction.
  • the component can cool down.
  • the component is not actively cooled or heated during the transfer according to step b). This means that the component only cools down through radiation during the transfer.
  • step d) the component is locally thermally treated differently in the tempering station.
  • a temperature difference of at least 200 K is achieved between different areas of the component.
  • Steps b) and d) result in a locally different thermal treatment of the component, which is divided into two steps. This division can speed up the process overall. This is particularly the case if the components are thermally treated at partially overlapping times.
  • the components can be introduced into the first oven one after the other. Before a first component has reached the exit of the first oven, a second component can be introduced into the first oven. This is particularly the case with a continuous oven, through which a large number of components can be transported one after the other. As soon as the first component has reached the exit of the first oven, it can be treated there according to step b). The second component can still be transported through the first oven at the same time.
  • the first component Before the second component reaches the exit of the first oven, the first component can be transferred from the first oven to the tempering station.
  • the first component can be thermally treated in step d) in the tempering station, while the second component is thermally treated at the exit of the first oven according to step b).
  • the first component Before a third component reaches the exit of the first furnace, the first component can be removed from the tempering station and the second component can be transferred from the first furnace to the tempering station. This process can be continued for any number of components.
  • the process time for the locally different thermal treatment can be reduced by the described method to the extent that two components can be treated locally differently at the same time.
  • Step b) can be understood as a local pre-cooling, through which the treatment time in the tempering station is reduced. Since step b) can be carried out for one component while the previous component is thermally treated in the tempering station according to step d), the total time for the locally different thermal treatment is shortened.
  • the method described can also be used to thermally treat several components at the same time, provided that the components are moved through the device next to one another.
  • a group of two to four components can be placed next to one another in the first oven and thus moved through the first oven at the same time.
  • Steps b) to d) are also carried out simultaneously for the components in this group. This means that the device can be used to its full width. Different groups of components can be moved through the device one after the other and can thus be thermally treated in overlapping time.
  • the locally different thermal treatment in step d) can be carried out by increasing the temperature difference previously set in step c). However, it is not necessary for the first region to be treated uniformly in step d) and/or for the second region to be treated uniformly in step d).
  • the locally different thermal treatment in step d) can also be carried out by dividing the component into different regions in a different way than for step b). This is particularly advantageous in that the temperature control station enables the component to be divided more precisely into regions.
  • the temperature control station also enables the shape of the regions of the component to be freely designed, while the design of the exit of the first oven restricts the division for step b). For example, it may be possible for only one straight dividing line perpendicular to the transport direction to be possible between the first region and the second region in step b).
  • step d) the embodiment of the method is preferred in which in step d) the first region and the second region of the component are thermally treated differently.
  • a locally different thermal treatment is carried out in steps b) and d) with the same division of the component into areas. This reinforces the locally different thermal treatment from step b) in step d).
  • the two steps complement each other particularly well.
  • a temperature difference obtained in step b) is not partially canceled out again in step d).
  • a particularly sharp division into the first area and the second area can be obtained.
  • a temperature of the second region of the component in steps b) and/or d) is kept within 200 K, in particular 150 K, of the value present at the start of step b).
  • the "and" case is preferred.
  • the temperature of the second region is preferably kept high enough to prevent the dissolution of previously formed austenite.
  • the second region thus has lower ductility and higher strength. In this way, for example, the crash properties of a B-pillar for a motor vehicle can be specifically adjusted.
  • the temperature of the second region in steps b) to d) is kept high enough to prevent the dissolution of austenite.
  • the first furnace is a continuous furnace through which the component is conveyed in step a), wherein the component is stopped at the exit of the first furnace for step b).
  • the components can be transported through the first furnace one after the other. This means that a large number of components can be thermally treated automatically.
  • step b) the movement of the component is stopped so that the component is at rest for the duration of step b). This is advantageous because it allows a particularly sharp separation between the first area and the second area to be achieved. If the component were still moving during step b), the temperature in the component would decrease continuously over a larger transition area from the second area to the first area.
  • a transition area can arise in particular if a part of the component that is at the front in the transport direction begins to cool earlier than a part that follows when it leaves the first oven.
  • the component is preferably partially moved out of the first oven as quickly as possible and stopped as abruptly as possible.
  • the embodiment of the method is preferred in which the component for step b) is stopped by a stopper at the exit of the first furnace.
  • the stopper allows the component to be stopped particularly quickly.
  • the stopper is preferably movable in such a way that the stopper can block the path of the component for step b) and can release the path of the component after step b).
  • step b) is carried out such that the first region cools to a temperature in the range of 500 to 750 °C.
  • step b This is particularly possible in the preferred embodiment of the method in which the component is held at the exit of the first furnace for 0.5 to 5 seconds in step b).
  • the first oven, the tempering station and the second oven are three different components that are spatially separated from each other. During the transfer from the transfer station to the second oven, the component can cool down. This is in contrast to a solution in which all process steps are carried out in the same facility if possible, without having to transfer the component.
  • the second furnace is preferably a continuous furnace.
  • the second furnace is preferably a roller hearth furnace.
  • the entire component is thermally treated in the second furnace.
  • the component is completely taken up by the second furnace.
  • Thermal treatment in a furnace is in particular in contrast to heating by so-called "direct energization”.
  • Heating in the second furnace is preferably contactless.
  • the second furnace is preferably arranged downstream of the tempering station in the transport direction. If the device has a press, the press is preferably arranged downstream of the second furnace in the transport direction.
  • the thermal treatment in the second furnace gives the component a different temperature in the first area and in the second area than would otherwise be the case. This means that after the pressing process has been completed, the desired structure with the desired strength values is present in the first area and in the second area. In this respect, the present embodiment is aimed at applications in which corresponding structure compositions are desired.
  • the renewed thermal treatment in the second furnace also reduces a temperature difference between different areas of the component. Due to the smaller temperature difference between the areas, the geometric distortion of the components is reduced. In addition, this means that the components can lie flat on a roller hearth and can be reliably picked up by a press feed system.
  • the first component can be transferred from the tempering station to the second oven if the second component is transferred from the first furnace to the tempering station.
  • the first component can then be thermally treated in the second furnace, while the second component is thermally treated in the tempering station and the third component is thermally treated at the exit of the first furnace.
  • a device for the thermal treatment of metallic components comprises a first furnace, a tempering station and a control device.
  • the control device is designed to carry out the method described.
  • the advantages and features of the method are applicable and transferable to the device, and vice versa.
  • the method is preferably carried out with the device.
  • the device preferably has conveying means with which the components can be conveyed through the device.
  • the device can have transport rollers as conveying means via which the components can be conveyed through the first oven, the tempering station and, if present, the second oven and the press.
  • the device is preferably designed such that the first oven, the tempering station and, if present, the second oven and/or the press can be passed through in the order mentioned without passing through further elements in between.
  • the device further comprises a transfer device for transferring the components from the first furnace to the tempering station, wherein the transfer device has a stopper for stopping the components at the exit of the first furnace.
  • the transfer device can be part of the previously described conveying means.
  • the part of the conveying means arranged between the first oven and the tempering station can be regarded as a transfer device.
  • Fig.1 shows a device 1 for the thermal treatment of metallic components 2.
  • the device 1 comprises a first furnace 3, a tempering station 5 and a second furnace 6.
  • the first furnace 3, the tempering station 5 and the second furnace 6 are arranged such that the components 2 can first pass through the first furnace 3, then the tempering station 5 and then the second furnace 6.
  • the device 1 also has conveying means 12. These serve to convey the components 2 through the device 1 with their elements.
  • the transport direction is in Fig.1 from left to right.
  • the first oven 3 and the second oven 6 are each designed as a continuous oven.
  • the components 2 can be transported through the first oven 3 and through the second oven 6 by the conveying means 12.
  • the part of the conveying means 12 arranged between the first oven 3 and the tempering station 5 is a transfer device 13 for transferring the components 2 from the first oven 3 to the tempering station 5.
  • Fig.1 Four components 2 are shown as an example.
  • One component 2 is conveyed through the first furnace 3 as indicated by an arrow (step a)).
  • a second component 2 was stopped by a stopper 9 and is at rest at the exit 4 of the first furnace 3 (step b)).
  • a third component 2 is thermally treated locally in a different way in the tempering station 5 using the nozzle 8 and a heating device (not shown) (step d)).
  • a fourth component 2 is conveyed through the second furnace 6 as indicated by an arrow (step f)).
  • each component 2 is conveyed through the first furnace 3 in step a) and stopped at the exit 4 of the first furnace 3 for step b).
  • the transfer device 13 has a stopper 9.
  • the stopper 9 is movable in such a way that the stopper 9 can be moved into the transport path of the component 2 to stop a component 2. After step b) has been completed, the stopper 9 can be moved out of the transport path to clear the path for the component 2 again.
  • step d) the first area 10 and the second area 11 of the component 2 are thermally treated differently in the tempering station 5. To do this, the first area 10 of the component 2 is cooled with the nozzle 8 of the tempering station 5, while the temperature of the second area 11 of the component 2 is kept within a window of +/-150 K around the value present at the start of step b). In step d), the temperature of the second area 11 of the component 2 is also kept within a window of +/- 150 K around the value present at the start of step b).
  • Fig. 2 shows a temperature curve for Fig.1 described method.
  • the temperature of the component 2 is shown versus time t.
  • the treatment time in the first oven 3 is given as t O1
  • the duration of step b) is given as a holding time t H.
  • the transfer time from the first oven 3 to the tempering station 5 is given as t t1 , the treatment time in the tempering station 5 as t temp , the transfer time from the tempering station 5 to the second oven 6 as t t2 and the treatment time in the second oven 6 as t O2 .
  • the temperature curve shown with the holding time t H splits into the temperature T 1 of the first region 10 and the temperature T 2 of the second region 11.
  • the component 2 is transferred from the second furnace 6 into a press (not shown in the figures) and formed there.
  • the component is cooled as quickly as possible in a water-cooled tool, for example.
  • the process is accelerated in that a component 2 can be pre-cooled according to step b), while the preceding component 2 is thermally treated in the tempering station 5 according to step d).

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Procédé de traitement thermique de composants métalliques (2), le procédé comprenant pour chacun des composants (2) les étapes suivantes :
    a) chauffer le composant (2) dans un premier four (3),
    b) maintenir le composant (2) à une sortie (4) du premier four (3) de sorte qu'une première zone (10) du composant (2) refroidisse à l'extérieur du premier four (3), tandis qu'une deuxième zone (11) du composant (2) reste à l'intérieur du premier four (3).
    c) transférer le composant (2) du premier four (3) à une station de régulation de température (5),
    d) effectuer un traitement thermique localement différent du composant (2) dans la station de régulation de température (5).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, la première zone (10) et la deuxième zone (11) du composant (2) étant soumises à des traitements thermiques différents à l'étape d).
  3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, une température de la deuxième zone (11) du composant (2) dans les étapes b) et/ou d) étant maintenue à moins de 200 K de la valeur présente au début de l'étape b).
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, le premier four (3) étant un four continu traversé par le composant (2) à l'étape a), et le composant (2) étant arrêté pour l'étape b) à la sortie (4) du premier four (3).
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, le composant (2) étant arrêté pour l'étape b) par un élément d'arrêt (9) à la sortie (4) du premier four (3).
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, l'étape b) étant réalisée de telle sorte que la première zone (10) refroidisse jusqu'à une température dans la gamme allant de 500 à 750 °C.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, le composant (2) étant maintenu à la sortie (4) du premier four (3) pendant 0,5 à 5 secondes à l'étape b).
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, comprenant en outre pour chacun des composants (2) les étapes suivantes :
    e) transférer le composant (2) de la station de régulation de température (5) dans un deuxième four (6),
    f) soumettre le composant (2) à un traitement thermique dans le deuxième four (6).
  9. Dispositif (1) de traitement thermique de composants métalliques (2), ledit dispositif comprenant un premier four (3), une station de régulation de température (5) et un module de commande (7) qui est adapté pour mettre en œuvre un procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8.
  10. Dispositif (1) selon la revendication 9, comprenant en outre un module de transfert (13) destiné à transférer les composants (2) du premier four (3) à la station de régulation de température (5), le module de transfert (13) comportant un élément d'arrêt (9) destiné à arrêter les composants (2) à la sortie (4) du premier four (3).
EP21209527.7A 2020-12-15 2021-11-22 Traitement thermique de composants Active EP4015657B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020133461.3A DE102020133461A1 (de) 2020-12-15 2020-12-15 Thermisches Behandeln von Bauteilen

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4015657A1 EP4015657A1 (fr) 2022-06-22
EP4015657C0 EP4015657C0 (fr) 2024-07-31
EP4015657B1 true EP4015657B1 (fr) 2024-07-31

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EP (1) EP4015657B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102020133461A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2988738T3 (fr)
HU (1) HUE068787T2 (fr)
PL (1) PL4015657T3 (fr)

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2336374A1 (fr) 2009-12-16 2011-06-22 Schwartz, Eva Procédé et dispositif destinés au chauffage et au refroidissement partiel de pièces usinées dans un four à passage continu
DE102016118252A1 (de) 2016-09-27 2018-03-29 Schwartz Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung eines metallischen Bauteils
US11078553B2 (en) * 2016-01-25 2021-08-03 Schwartz Gmbh Method and device for the heat treatment of a metal component

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Publication number Publication date
EP4015657C0 (fr) 2024-07-31
ES2988738T3 (es) 2024-11-21
EP4015657A1 (fr) 2022-06-22
HUE068787T2 (hu) 2025-01-28
DE102020133461A1 (de) 2022-06-15
PL4015657T3 (pl) 2024-12-02

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