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WO1993004137A1 - Materiau accumulant la chaleur et son utilisation - Google Patents

Materiau accumulant la chaleur et son utilisation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1993004137A1
WO1993004137A1 PCT/SU1991/000173 SU9100173W WO9304137A1 WO 1993004137 A1 WO1993004137 A1 WO 1993004137A1 SU 9100173 W SU9100173 W SU 9100173W WO 9304137 A1 WO9304137 A1 WO 9304137A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
temperature
thermal
κachesτve
maτρitsy
chτο
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/SU1991/000173
Other languages
English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Emmanuil Aronovich Levitsky
Valentin Nikolaevich Parmon
Ella Mikhailovna Moroz
Sergei Vladimirovich Bogdanov
Nina Eugenievna Bogdanchikova
Olga Nikolaevna Kovalenko
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Boreskov Institute of Catalysis Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences
Maloe Gosudarstvennoe Predpriyatie ''ekoterm'' Pri Mezhotraslevom Nauchno-Tekhnicheskom Komplexe ''katalizator'
Original Assignee
Boreskov Institute of Catalysis Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences
Maloe Gosudarstvennoe Predpriyatie ''ekoterm'' Pri Mezhotraslevom Nauchno-Tekhnicheskom Komplexe ''katalizator'
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from SU904839454A external-priority patent/RU2042695C1/ru
Priority to SU904839454A priority Critical patent/RU2042695C1/ru
Priority to PCT/SU1991/000173 priority patent/WO1993004137A1/fr
Priority to JP03514611A priority patent/JP3033041B2/ja
Application filed by Boreskov Institute of Catalysis Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Maloe Gosudarstvennoe Predpriyatie ''ekoterm'' Pri Mezhotraslevom Nauchno-Tekhnicheskom Komplexe ''katalizator' filed Critical Boreskov Institute of Catalysis Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences
Priority to AU84317/91A priority patent/AU667289B2/en
Priority to ZA931128A priority patent/ZA931128B/xx
Priority to DE4305264A priority patent/DE4305264A1/de
Priority to FR9302000A priority patent/FR2701958B1/fr
Priority to PT101203A priority patent/PT101203A/pt
Priority to CN93103490A priority patent/CN1055947C/zh
Publication of WO1993004137A1 publication Critical patent/WO1993004137A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to US08/410,401 priority patent/US5585174A/en
Priority claimed from US08/410,401 external-priority patent/US5585174A/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • F28D20/023—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material being enclosed in granular particles or dispersed in a porous, fibrous or cellular structure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

Definitions

  • the invention solves the problem of solving the temperature of gas supply and solid bodies; It is intended for use in household and home use, for example, for the use of household appliances and for the use of household appliances, 5 PRESENT TECHNOLOGIES
  • the simplest and most well-known food-grade material is water.
  • the significantly higher water resistance (I cal / city) ensures that the accumulator has a large accumulated heat, which has a significant increase in heat
  • Such systems use materials from the group of salt and water hydraulics.
  • ⁇ ⁇ ablitse .1 ⁇ ivede ⁇ sh s ⁇ av ⁇ chnye5 data
  • the cementitious material due to the size of the particles and particles, the cementitious material, due to the action of the Sadillary forces, prevents the dissolution of salt (it prevents the displacement), it is inactive Since this is a normal battery in the case of physical inactivity (SC), it is not available and is not available for large patients.
  • the specific energy consumption of the battery is also explicit. 30 It is its main product. The amount of food that is accumulated in a unit of volume (or mass) of the substance of the battery separates the duration of the work, of the charge and the energy of the device.
  • the storage capacity of the saddle in the battery may not be significant.
  • CaC ⁇ 2 . 4 ⁇ 2 0 + 2 ⁇ 2 0 is available in the range of ⁇ -45 ° ⁇ , which is significantly- 0 higher than the level of operation of the accumulator of the saddle.
  • ⁇ ami was vydvinu ⁇ a gid ⁇ eza, s ⁇ glasn ⁇ ⁇ y for lyuby ⁇ ⁇ e ⁇ m ⁇ - labilny ⁇ ⁇ is ⁇ alliches ⁇ i ⁇ ma ⁇ e ⁇ ial ⁇ v in dia ⁇ az ⁇ ne ⁇ az-5 me ⁇ v 5-10 nm d ⁇ lzhna nablyuda ⁇ sya susches ⁇ vennaya depend sim ⁇ s ⁇ ⁇ emde ⁇ a ⁇ u ⁇ y ⁇ imiches ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ azl ⁇ zheniya ⁇ ⁇ azme- ⁇ v chas ⁇ its d ⁇ i d ⁇ ime ⁇ n ⁇ m d ⁇ s ⁇ yans ⁇ ve ⁇ edl ⁇ y ⁇ b ⁇ az ⁇ - schemes; :
  • Is ⁇ lz ⁇ vannaya representatively ' ⁇ is ⁇ aya ma ⁇ itsa, na ⁇ - 0 ⁇ ime ⁇ of ⁇ isi ⁇ emniya / sili ⁇ agelya / in ⁇ lichie ⁇ ⁇ - ⁇ i ⁇ a ⁇ bladae ⁇ ⁇ ami ⁇ ebuem ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ azme ⁇ a / 10-50 SL / where ⁇ is ⁇ allizuyu ⁇ sya chas ⁇ itsy s ⁇ li same ⁇ e ⁇ / mi ⁇ s ⁇ i- ches ⁇ i ⁇ / ⁇ azme ⁇ v.
  • P ⁇ i b ⁇ lsh ⁇ m including izves ⁇ ny ⁇ s ⁇ edineny ⁇ is ⁇ all ⁇ - gid ⁇ a ⁇ n ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ i ⁇ a v ⁇ zm ⁇ zhn ⁇ s ⁇ i vyb ⁇ a ⁇ edelyayu ⁇ sya sledu- yuschimi (ra ⁇ ami: 5 and / b ⁇ lsh ⁇ g ⁇ number for izves ⁇ ny ⁇ ⁇ is ⁇ all ⁇ gid ⁇ a ⁇ v en ⁇ al ⁇ iya ⁇ b ⁇ az ⁇ vanlya in ⁇ asche ⁇ e on m ⁇ l ⁇ 0 ⁇ she ⁇ n ⁇ ⁇ s ⁇ yanna s ⁇ ve ⁇ s ⁇ vue ⁇ and change in communication ene ⁇ gii in the interval for “** 1B + 2 kcal / mole ⁇ g > 0.
  • the most important requirement for the working substance is its stability due to the large amount of hydration / hydration.
  • the use of clean substances in the case of the use of the appliance, is less than 100% of the volume of the appliance.
  • Such materials are supplied with clean glass and similar ceramic materials, direct-clean metals and polystyrene, active charcoal and other metals.
  • the thermal energy stored in the C-material is stored in the form of a purely energetic reactive chemical system.
  • the C-material can have any temperature / usually it is the same as the temperature of the environmental medium /.
  • Accumulation, heat and heat release are associated with changes in the system's chemical composition. Therefore, there is no accumulation of thermal energy, there is no danger of this, since there is no effective contact with the agent in the process. In the absence of such a contact, the reserved d-) incapability may be stored in the C-system for an unlimited long time.
  • the control and speed of the main operating process of the C-material is controlled by the process.
  • the method of supplying the S-material is based on a series of traditional procedures: the control of the solution of the salt, the removal of the distributor is part of the distribution
  • the location of the lines corresponds to the synthesized phase CaC1 2 . 6 ⁇ 2 0. ⁇ Installation of small size of crystals / around $ 100 / di * Expanded lines are broadened.
  • ⁇ ⁇ azya. ⁇ ' ⁇ réelle ⁇ 1 3 * 6 ⁇ 2 ° " ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ' ⁇ réelle ⁇ 1 2
  • EXAMPLE 1 A commercially available material is made up of CaC1 2 crystals. 6 ⁇ 0 s ⁇ with ⁇ unit ⁇ size ⁇ m 50 nm. The burner contains 400 g / about 2 mol; it is 1 liter hydrated with a bulk matrix / particle size of 3-7 mm /. Aggregate Estimated / cm. higher / energy storage of such a battery
  • Example 2 Is the cumulative material consisting of CaC1 crystals ? . 6 ⁇ 0 with a particle size of 10–15 nm.
  • the system consumes 400 g / approx. 2 moles of crystal hydraulics per 1 liter of bulk capacity. The energy consumption of this is 0, which is commercially available as well as 200-300 kcal / l of the corresponding bulk or true supply of the material.
  • EXAMPLE 3 Non-cumulative material, consisting of 5 of CaCS ⁇ crystals. 6 ⁇ 2 0 ⁇ measurement 3) I 10-15 nm.
  • Example 7 Similar to Example 6, but the air intake is increased to 2 m / h / volume rate of 2000 l / h. hour/. ⁇ imiches ⁇ y a ⁇ umulya ⁇ ⁇ e ⁇ la 'in ⁇ echenie 200 chas ⁇ v ⁇ bes ⁇ echivae ⁇ ⁇ la; ⁇ denie v ⁇ zdu ⁇ a to + 25 ° C on v ⁇ de d ⁇ + 20 ° C on vy ⁇ de.
  • Examples 5, 6, and 7 illustrate the cycle of the battery-5 charge / dehydration / with the temperature compensation.
  • Example 8 shows the condition that a process has been performed. - 18 -
  • Examples 9-12 illustrate the basic paths of the solution and the results of the use of such a method.
  • Example 12 Similarly, examples 10 and 11 are improved, but the thickness of the thicker accumulating layer is increased by 5 mm / approx. 0.4 cm by 1 cm wider. Visiting ensures that the temperature of the plate is kept in the range of 20–40 ° C for '4 hours.
  • Example 13 A flat cylindrical cuvette with a diameter of 5 cm and a height of 1 cm can accommodate 2.5 cm of a rubber / layer with a gap of 1 mm / and a burner. ⁇ The selected conditions, at the same time, are advantageous for about 200 seconds, which corresponds to a quick release of 125 cal / sec or 2000 cal / 8 sec. Combustion is stable, although it is commercially available and is produced in a series of 200–10 sec experiments.
  • Example 14 It is carried out later on, as in Example 13, but after 50 seconds. After ignition, the torch has a steady burning light. It is sprayed with a clean C-material with high energy. - 20 -
  • Example 15 Similar procedures are performed for examples 13 and 14, but the C-material is used in the form of divided particles / size 1-3 mm /. Most of the particles are available. mass to enter the burning area of the United States. The waste of the material is about 0.3 g, which, as you can see, corresponds to the real antipyreta for extinguishing.
  • the proposed material has a large number of suitable substances that are advantageous in terms of efficiency, com- pact and lack of heat.
  • the most efficient way to use this type of antipyretic is that the type offered is less expensive and is less expensive, but minimal impacts can produce the most significant results.
  • the dose of antipyrene needed to suppress the burn is 0.15-0.5 kg of material, which is somewhat better, but is somewhat , the use of the new antipyrene is most effective in the case of industrial accidents, in particular ⁇ réelle ⁇ , forestry, and also at a higher level.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un matériau accumulant la chaleur, constitué d'une matrice thermiquement inerte se présentant sous la forme d'une substance à pores ouverts, et d'une substance de travail thermosensible, laquelle est une substance hygroscopique capable de processus réversible de déshydratation-hydratation. Le matériau d'accumulation de chaleur est destiné à être utilisé comme agent de refroidissement et de réchauffement d'un milieu gazeux (air), comme agent de conditionnement thermostatique et comme protection contre le réchauffement d'articles ou de structures de construction par exemple, des éléments de dispositifs radio-électroniques, ainsi que comme moyen anti-feu.
PCT/SU1991/000173 1990-06-15 1991-08-26 Materiau accumulant la chaleur et son utilisation Ceased WO1993004137A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SU904839454A RU2042695C1 (ru) 1990-06-15 1990-06-15 Теплоаккумулирующий материал и способ его получения
JP03514611A JP3033041B2 (ja) 1990-06-15 1991-08-26 蓄熱性材料およびその使用
AU84317/91A AU667289B2 (en) 1990-06-15 1991-08-26 Heat accumulating material and its use
PCT/SU1991/000173 WO1993004137A1 (fr) 1990-06-15 1991-08-26 Materiau accumulant la chaleur et son utilisation
ZA931128A ZA931128B (en) 1990-06-15 1993-02-18 Heat accumulating material and use thereof.
DE4305264A DE4305264A1 (de) 1990-06-15 1993-02-20 Wärmeakkumulierendes Material und seine Anwendung
FR9302000A FR2701958B1 (fr) 1990-06-15 1993-02-22 Matériau d'accumulation de chaleur et ses applications.
PT101203A PT101203A (pt) 1990-06-15 1993-02-24 Material acumulador de calor e seu uso
CN93103490A CN1055947C (zh) 1990-06-15 1993-02-24 蓄热材料及其用途
US08/410,401 US5585174A (en) 1990-06-15 1995-03-27 Heat-accumulating material and use thereof

Applications Claiming Priority (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SU904839454A RU2042695C1 (ru) 1990-06-15 1990-06-15 Теплоаккумулирующий материал и способ его получения
AU84317/91A AU667289B2 (en) 1990-06-15 1991-08-26 Heat accumulating material and its use
PCT/SU1991/000173 WO1993004137A1 (fr) 1990-06-15 1991-08-26 Materiau accumulant la chaleur et son utilisation
ZA931128A ZA931128B (en) 1990-06-15 1993-02-18 Heat accumulating material and use thereof.
DE4305264A DE4305264A1 (de) 1990-06-15 1993-02-20 Wärmeakkumulierendes Material und seine Anwendung
FR9302000A FR2701958B1 (fr) 1990-06-15 1993-02-22 Matériau d'accumulation de chaleur et ses applications.
PT101203A PT101203A (pt) 1990-06-15 1993-02-24 Material acumulador de calor e seu uso
CN93103490A CN1055947C (zh) 1990-06-15 1993-02-24 蓄热材料及其用途
US08/410,401 US5585174A (en) 1990-06-15 1995-03-27 Heat-accumulating material and use thereof

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1993004137A1 true WO1993004137A1 (fr) 1993-03-04

Family

ID=36808338

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SU1991/000173 Ceased WO1993004137A1 (fr) 1990-06-15 1991-08-26 Materiau accumulant la chaleur et son utilisation

Country Status (6)

Country Link
CN (1) CN1055947C (fr)
AU (1) AU667289B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE4305264A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2701958B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1993004137A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA931128B (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH09143461A (ja) * 1995-11-24 1997-06-03 Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc 蓄熱材
WO2000032714A1 (fr) * 1998-11-30 2000-06-08 Institut Kataliza Imeni G.K. Boreskova Sibirskogo Otdeleniya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk Materiau et revetement composite de protection contre la chaleur

Families Citing this family (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19621846A1 (de) * 1996-05-30 1997-12-11 Ralf Dr Kinkeldey Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Beeinflussung des Raumklimas
DE19734924C1 (de) * 1997-08-12 1999-01-07 Saskia Solar Und Energietechni Solarthermische Anlage mit einem Sonnenkollektor und einem Wärmespeicher
ATE243832T1 (de) 1998-08-03 2003-07-15 Buerger Heinz Dieter Vakuum Un Wärme- oder kältemaschine mit einem verdampfbaren wärmeträgerfluid
CN1079108C (zh) * 1998-12-21 2002-02-13 中国科学院广州化学研究所 一种相变贮能复合材料
DE10049509A1 (de) * 2000-10-06 2002-04-25 Heinz Ploechinger Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Kühlen eines abgeschlossenen Raumes
EP1765492A1 (fr) 2004-07-09 2007-03-28 Fuesting, Bernd Corps moules a partir de poudres ou granules, leur procede de production et leur utilisation
DE102005000022A1 (de) 2005-03-16 2006-09-28 Füsting, Bernd Sorbierender Formkörper, Verfahren zur Herstellung und Verwendung
DE102006039343A1 (de) * 2006-08-22 2008-03-20 Geilich-Paetzold, Klaus, Dr. Stabilisatoren für latente Wärmespeichermaterialien
DE102007026970A1 (de) * 2007-06-05 2008-12-11 Techno-Physik Engineering Gmbh Formteil für Brandschutz und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Formteils
WO2011088132A1 (fr) * 2010-01-12 2011-07-21 Sylvan Source, Inc. Interface de transfert de chaleur
CN101812286A (zh) * 2010-04-16 2010-08-25 北京大学 介孔材料基复合相变蓄热材料及其制备方法
CN104629691A (zh) * 2015-01-13 2015-05-20 天津市建筑科学研究院有限公司 一种用于地采暖蓄热的定型相变材料
CN106317445B (zh) * 2015-06-29 2019-01-15 北京化工大学 一种负载化结晶水合物发泡剂、其制备方法及应用
DE102016013415A1 (de) * 2016-11-10 2018-05-17 Rainer Busch Verfahren zur Herstellung eines formstabilen, auslaufsicheren Phase Change Material System (PCM - S)
CN106761897B (zh) * 2016-12-02 2018-08-07 中国矿业大学 一种相变材料温控胞衣阻化剂制备系统及其方法
DE102018008491A1 (de) * 2018-10-30 2020-04-30 Franz Wilhelm Cremer Schutzmittel für elektrochemische Energiespeicher,insbesondere für Energiespeicher, die Lithium enthalten

Citations (3)

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GB1584559A (en) * 1977-06-10 1981-02-11 Calor Group Ltd Thermal energy storage materials
DE3132793A1 (de) * 1980-08-21 1982-07-01 Mitsubishi Denki K.K., Tokyo Waermespeichermaterial
DE3413169C1 (de) * 1984-04-07 1985-09-05 Kali-Chemie Ag, 3000 Hannover Verfahren zur Nutzung/Speicherung von Energie

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EP0011357A1 (fr) * 1978-09-29 1980-05-28 National Research Development Corporation Utilisation d'un mélange d'hydrates pour emmagasiner la chaleur à une température constante et accumulateur de chaleur contenant ce mélange
US4288338A (en) * 1979-05-16 1981-09-08 Phillips Hugh J Static solar heat storage composition
US4277357A (en) * 1980-01-31 1981-07-07 Boardman Energy Systems Incorporated Heat or cold storage composition containing a hydrated hydraulic cement
US4421661A (en) * 1981-06-19 1983-12-20 Institute Of Gas Technology High-temperature direct-contact thermal energy storage using phase-change media
DE3142096A1 (de) * 1981-10-23 1983-05-11 Chemische Fabrik Budenheim Rudolf A. Oetker, 6501 Budenheim Feuerhemmende isolierstoffe und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung
FR2522009A1 (fr) * 1982-02-23 1983-08-26 Solvay Melange pour la preparation de compositions pour l'absorption et l'accumulation de calories
AU2939492A (en) * 1992-12-01 1994-06-22 Harot Technology Inc. Heat accumulating material, method of and equipment for the use thereof

Patent Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1584559A (en) * 1977-06-10 1981-02-11 Calor Group Ltd Thermal energy storage materials
DE3132793A1 (de) * 1980-08-21 1982-07-01 Mitsubishi Denki K.K., Tokyo Waermespeichermaterial
DE3413169C1 (de) * 1984-04-07 1985-09-05 Kali-Chemie Ag, 3000 Hannover Verfahren zur Nutzung/Speicherung von Energie

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH09143461A (ja) * 1995-11-24 1997-06-03 Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc 蓄熱材
WO2000032714A1 (fr) * 1998-11-30 2000-06-08 Institut Kataliza Imeni G.K. Boreskova Sibirskogo Otdeleniya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk Materiau et revetement composite de protection contre la chaleur

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU8431791A (en) 1993-03-16
AU667289B2 (en) 1996-03-21
FR2701958A1 (fr) 1994-09-02
ZA931128B (en) 1993-09-22
FR2701958B1 (fr) 1995-04-28
CN1091456A (zh) 1994-08-31
CN1055947C (zh) 2000-08-30
DE4305264A1 (de) 1994-08-25

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