WO1992006266A1 - Systeme de vitrage a opacite variable - Google Patents
Systeme de vitrage a opacite variable Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1992006266A1 WO1992006266A1 PCT/FR1991/000755 FR9100755W WO9206266A1 WO 1992006266 A1 WO1992006266 A1 WO 1992006266A1 FR 9100755 W FR9100755 W FR 9100755W WO 9206266 A1 WO9206266 A1 WO 9206266A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- sheets
- glazing system
- liquid
- fluid
- glazing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V9/00—Elements for modifying spectral properties, polarisation or intensity of the light emitted, e.g. filters
- F21V9/08—Elements for modifying spectral properties, polarisation or intensity of the light emitted, e.g. filters for producing coloured light, e.g. monochromatic; for reducing intensity of light
- F21V9/12—Elements for modifying spectral properties, polarisation or intensity of the light emitted, e.g. filters for producing coloured light, e.g. monochromatic; for reducing intensity of light with liquid-filled chambers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
- E06B3/67—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light
- E06B3/6715—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light
- E06B3/6722—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light with adjustable passage of light
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
- E06B2009/2411—Coloured fluid flow for light transmission control
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- F21W2131/00—Use or application of lighting devices or systems not provided for in codes F21W2102/00-F21W2121/00
- F21W2131/40—Lighting for industrial, commercial, recreational or military use
- F21W2131/406—Lighting for industrial, commercial, recreational or military use for theatres, stages or film studios
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a glazing system with variable opacity.
- Such glazing finds numerous applications in the field of building, greenhouse construction and the automotive industry.
- Various solutions are known in the prior art for varying the opacity of a glazing.
- liming of greenhouses is carried out in certain regions to limit the heat inside the greenhouses during the summer.
- this function is usually carried out using blinds, sometimes electrically controlled.
- French patent 1,379,026 discloses a system having a profile at the periphery of the glazing comprising a fluid injection cavity. The bottom of this duct is pierced with orifices for the creation of pressure or depression in the volume delimited by the glazing on the one hand and by an internal V-shaped profile on the other hand.
- this system is as follows: the spacing of the glazing is effected by the action of the peripheral seal and its inner duct which can be inflated or deflated. The forced spacing or bringing together of the panes causes the fluid to be drawn in or out between the two panes.
- This system has the drawback of a fairly large inertia preventing filling and therefore rapid opacification of the glazing.
- French patent 2,442,329 describes a device comprising two glazings between which the fluid can be injected or aspirated from a plurality of point areas distributed around the periphery of the glazing. It is however impossible to obtain a homogeneous clouding with this device because there occurs at each of the punctual injection zones phenomena of turbulence and rupture of the colored fluid film.
- the purpose of the glazing system according to the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks by proposing an effective solution making it possible to obtain a homogeneous and rapid clouding.
- the present invention relates more particularly to a glazing system with variable opacity constituted by at least two substantially parallel sheets made of a transparent material between which an at least partially absorbent liquid can be introduced or withdrawn to vary the overall or spectral absorption rate of said glazing system, said sheets being movable in a direction perpendicular to their surface between a position in which the internal surfaces are spaced by a distance corresponding to the minimum film that can be obtained taking into account the presence of the surfactant -active, and a position in which said internal surfaces are spaced by a distance corresponding substantially to the opacifying thickness of the fluid film.
- the glazing system comprises means connected to a liquid reservoir on the one hand and to a suction pump on the other hand, the injection and the aspiration of the colored liquid taking place via a peripheral gutter-shaped joint joining the two transparent sheets.
- the bottom of the gutter-shaped seal and the edges of the transparent sheets define a circulation channel for the colored fluid.
- the flow of fluid in the glazing system is of the laminar type, the film of fluid not normally tearing at any time during filling or aspiration.
- opacifying thickness is meant the thickness necessary and sufficient to absorb the required proportion of incident energy.
- the persistence of the liquid film prevents the introduction of air between the two panes or the sticking due to the creation of a vacuum between said panes.
- the liquid When the liquid is injected into the interface defined by the two sheets of transparent material, it absorbs part of the light energy and forms a partial screen.
- the tinted liquid when the tinted liquid is removed from the interface, the space between the two transparent sheets is filled with an extremely thin film which no longer exhibits any light absorption, in the case of a sealed liquid circuit, and therefore leaves pass almost all of the light radiation.
- the interior surfaces of the two transparent sheets are adjacent in the absence of fluid, and are separated in the presence of liquid by a distance corresponding substantially to the opacifying thickness of the layer of fluid.
- the absorption of the liquid and / or the injection of liquid takes place over the entire periphery of the sheets of transparent material, which are preferably flat panes of mineral or organic glass.
- the glazing system with variable opacity comprises at least one transparent sheet coated with a semi-reflecting film.
- the combination of the interface filled with the tinted liquid and the semi-reflecting surface makes it possible to produce a glazed surface having a high rate of reflection of light and heat towards the outside, and a transmission without reflection from the inside.
- This mode of embodiment is particularly advantageous in that it prevents the glazing system in its clouded state from behaving as a heat sensor.
- the solar energy is not absorbed, but is essentially reflected in proportions proportional to opacification. This avoids an undesirable increase in temperature inside the structure provided with the glazing system according to the invention.
- the glazing system according to the invention when implemented on a south-facing facade, it makes it possible to derive optimum benefit from the sunshine in winter in order to contribute to heating, while in summer, the properties reflectors prevent an excessive increase in the temperature prevailing inside the building thus equipped. This leads to obvious advantages in terms of energy saving, and a significant contribution to heating in winter and air conditioning in summer.
- the glazing system with variable opacity consists of two rigid sheets joined laterally by a tight deformable seal, the said glazing system comprising at least one orifice for communication with a fluid circuit.
- deformable seal is meant a seal accepting the relative movement of the two sheets of transparent material without losing its seal.
- the waterproof seal is for example made of silicone and has the particularity of not having any intermediate part positioned between the two transparent sheets.
- the vacuum created leaves between the internal surfaces of the two transparent sheets the thinnest film authorized by the characteristics of the surfactant used, and consequently the volume of the interface is reduced practically to zero. This results in an almost total elimination of the tinted liquid outside the opacification phases.
- the two sheets or plates of transparent materials are joined by a lateral joint in the form of a semi-rigid gutter, the inner edge of the lips of which is glued to the outer surfaces of said sheets, the bottom of the gutter and the edge of the transparent sheets defining a circulation channel for the tinted liquid.
- the seal comprises a conduit opening into said circulation channel.
- the liquid introduced into the circulation channel is distributed all around the transparent sheets, and penetrates into the interface to form a uniform layer of small thickness.
- the liquid is preferably composed of an aqueous solution of pigments dissolved in an alcohol, and at least one additive such as a wetting agent, an anti-foaming agent, an antifreeze, or a bactericide.
- the wetting agent makes it possible to reduce the surface tension of the liquid, and therefore to reduce the thickness of the layer of opacifying liquid introduced between the two transparent sheets in the transparent state.
- the circuit containing the liquid is sealed in the absence of air, in order to avoid the formation of bubbles in the volume defined between the two sheets or transparent plates.
- the liquid circuit comprises a circulation pump, a flexible liquid reservoir and a valve disposed between the pump and the liquid inlet between the two transparent sheets by exerting a pressure on the fluid which tends to spread the two windows.
- the invention also relates to an application of the glazing system for the coloring of light beams.
- Such devices are intended, in particular for stage lighting, for "sound and light” type shows or for urban lighting.
- Various projectors are known in the prior art making it possible to project high-power colored light beams.
- a first family of projectors with colored screens comprises discs having a plurality of colored sectors.
- Such a device is for example described in French patent application No. 2,510,719.
- the disc is controlled by a motor rotating it in an increment corresponding to the passage of a colored sector.
- This document also describes the possibility of having several discs one behind the other so as to superimpose several disc sectors of different colors. It is thus possible to project 2 n different colors.
- 2,546,271 describes a process consisting in placing on the path of the light beam and a colored diaphragm of variable, adjustable opening, determining the formation of a light spot of constant size, but the intensity of which The color varies according to the degree of aperture of the diaphragm, with a regular distribution of the light in the spot.
- the device described comprises at least one diaphragm constituted by two colored filters arranged symmetrically with respect to the light beam to be colored, on which act means to allow their reciprocal displacement.
- the mechanical complexity of this device limits its use to very specific applications, such as the identification of colors in the paint and dye industry or to medical analysis of the eye's sensitivity to colors. On the other hand, for scenographic applications, sufficient reliability for operation in all weathers can only be obtained at the expense of an unacceptable manufacturing cost.
- the invention relates in particular to a method for coloring a light beam emitted by a white light source, comprising placing on the path of said light beam at least one cell constituted by two flat and transparent parallel sheets, arranged substantially perpendicular to the axis of the light beam and to inject between the sheets a variable volume of colored fluid.
- the device for implementing this method comprises a plurality of cells capable of each containing a fluid of a different color or a cell comprising N fluid circuits and N + 1 transparent sheets.
- the device includes a photosensitive detector generating a signal for controlling the function of the pumps for supplying fluid to the cells.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of the glazing system according to the invention.
- - Figure 2 shows a view in section AA ';
- - Figure 3 shows a view along a section AA 'in opacification state;
- FIG. 4 shows a sectional view of an alternative embodiment
- FIG. 5 shows a sectional view of a second alternative embodiment
- FIG. 6 shows a sectional view of a projector according to the invention
- FIG. 7 shows an enlarged view of a projector cell
- FIG. 8 shows a sectional view of the pump.
- FIG. 1 represents a schematic view of the system according to the invention. It consists of glazing (1) mounted in a frame (2).
- the frame is for example formed by a metal or composite material profile.
- This frame (2) completely surrounds a window (3) consisting of two plates of transparent material, for example two glass panes.
- the thickness of the glass sheets is approximately 6 millimeters for glazing with a surface area of the order of a square meter, and from 10 to 12 millimeter for glazing with a surface area of 1 'order of 2 square meters.
- the system further comprises a conduit (4) for the arrival of a tinted liquid (25).
- the circulation of the liquid (25) is ensured by a pump (5).
- the liquid circuit (25) further includes an electrically controlled valve (6).
- the system is completed by a tank (7).
- the entire liquid circuit (25) is sealed in the absence of air.
- the fluid circuit contains approximately 1 liter of fluid for a glass surface of approximately 1 m 2 -
- the profiled frame (30) comprises at its lower part a shim (37) whose thickness is adjusted to limit the travel of the lower edges of the glazing sheets (8 , 9).
- This wedge acts on the lower part of the glazing in complementarity with the edges (38, 38 ') of the profile (30) to form a rigid limiting means.
- This wedge is adjusted so that the spacing of the sheets cannot exceed the opacifying thickness of the colored fluid.
- its thickness is a few millimeters, about 3 millimeters for glazing with a surface of the order of a square meter.
- the wedge can be made up or covered by an elastically deformable material exerting a force corresponding substantially to the force exerted by atmospheric pressure.
- FIG. 2 represents a view according to a section AA ′, in a first state in which the glazing system lets in the maximum amount of light.
- the two panes (8), (9) are separated only by the minimum film remaining, taking into account the characteristics of the surfactant used.
- a gutter-shaped seal (11) with a en section is glued around the entire periphery of the windows
- This seal is of the silicone type, and is tightly bonded via the interior surfaces (12), (13) of the two lips (14), (15) on the surfaces. exterior of the windows.
- the bottom of the seal is semi-rigid so as never to come into contact with the edge of the two panes.
- the bottom has an extra thickness preventing the gutter from being crushed when the pump creates a vacuum in the suction pipe, which in the example described is also the injection pipe.
- the bottom of the seal is integral with the rigid frame, which limits the deformation of the seal even when it has great flexibility.
- the joint can in particular be secured to the frame by gluing.
- Another solution consists in using a seal composed of a rigid non-deformable bottom cooperating in an elastic manner with connecting lips with each of the panes.
- the bottom of the seal (16) has one or more communication openings with one or more fluid inlet conduits (4).
- the frame (2) a groove (17) in which the two panes (8), (9) and the silicone seal (11) take place.
- the width of the groove (17) is slightly greater than the thickness of the two panes (8), (9) enclosed in the seal (11) so as to allow the assembly to expand when injecting the liquid. (25) tinted.
- the frame profile (2) also has the usual characteristics for this type of frame.
- the distance between the bottom of the seal (16) and the edge (11, 12) of the glass sheets (8.9) is of the order of a millimeter, between 0.5 and 5 millimeters depending on the dimensions of the glazing and the characteristics fluid.
- FIG. 3- shows a view in the same section AA ', the system being this time in its opacificatio state.
- the liquid (25) is injected via the liquid inlet pipe (4) into the seal, and fills the circulation channel (20) between the seal (11) and the edge (21), (22 ) of the windows respectively (8) (9).
- the deformation of the seal (11) is limited by the shape of the groove (17) of the profile (2).
- the liquid (25) enters the interface between the outer window (8) and the inner window (9).
- the introduction of the liquid (25) takes place in a substantially homogeneous manner over the entire surface of the panes, and causes a small spacing of said panes.
- the volume of liquid (25) introduced into the interface (10) causes a more or less significant absorption of the light intensity, depending on the density of absorbent pigments in the liquid (25), and their qualities.
- the amount of absorption is also a function of the thickness of the liquid layer (25), and can therefore be to some extent adjusted by the volume of liquid (25) injected.
- the liquid (25) consists of an aqueous solution of organic dyes usually used for the dyeing of textile fibers, diluted in alcohol.
- Glycol or a similar product having on the one hand an antifreeze function, is added to this solution, and on the other hand, a function of wetting agent reducing the surface tension of the liquid (25). It is thus possible to form a thin fluid layer of the order of a few microns, which becomes practically transparent. Furthermore, it is possible to add to the liquid (25) various additives, such as " antibacterial agents.
- the liquid is an aqueous solution comprising at least one organic dye soluble in hydroalcoholic solution, a surfactant, an antifungicide and an antifoam product.
- Antifoam 0.1% to 2% by weight Surfactant 1% to 4% by weight
- composition contains: Colorant: Nigrosine, trade name of a colorant marketed by the company ICI 0.1% to 10%
- Antifoam PPI, commercial name of the product marketed by the company B ⁇ HME 0.1%
- Antifunicide PROXEL BD, trade name of the antifunicide product marketed by ICI 0.1%
- the circulation of the liquid (25) can be ensured not by a pump, but by moving the liquid reservoir (25) to a height either greater than the level of the window interface to ensure opacification, or to a lower level to ensure the withdrawal of the liquid (25) by gravity.
- the pump can be constituted by a manually operated or pear "electrically, as shown in Figure 8. It is constituted by a cylindrical bellows body (71) made of a deformable sealing material élastiquemen. The bellows (71) is connected at its upper and lower part to rigid plates respectively ((70) and (72).
- a jack (74) arranged axially ensuring a relative displacement of the two plates (70), (72) of the cylindrical body by l intermediate of a piston (75).
- One of the plates (72) has an orifice communicating with a pipe (73) for injecting and sucking the fluid.
- the jack (76) comprises an electric motor nche driving an endless screw secured to the piston (75). When stopped, it exerts a constant force on the plates (70), (72) and thus prevents the pressure exerted on the glazing from causing a backflow of liquid in the pump.
- the part of Figure 8 to the right of the axis of symmetry (74) represents the pump in the fluid injection position, the left part represents the pump in the suction position in which the bellows body (71) is stretched .
- the internal volume of the pump body is greater than the total capacity of the peripheral seal of the glazing and of the pipes for circulation of the colored fluid.
- the volume of the pump body is between 110% and 140% of the total capacity of the fluid circuits with which it is associated. This overcapacity allows to maintain a vacuum in the circuit and to carry out a vacuum filling of the fluid circulation circuit.
- the peripheral duct is formed on the one hand by the groove (17) of the profile (2) and on the other hand by the two lateral seals (30, 31) ensuring on the one hand the seal between the panes (8), (9) and the profile (2), and on the other hand the securing of said panes with the profile (2).
- the fluid circulation conduit (4) is connected directly to the profile (2) by means of a connector (32) ⁇ of known type.
- the seals (30, 31) are made of an elastically deformable waterproof material, so as to be able to absorb the variations in the spacing of the panes during the transition from the opacification phase to the transparency phase and vice versa.
- the edge of the panes (8, 9) has a bevel respectively (33, 34) facilitating the flow of fluids from the peripheral duct (35) into the interface (10), and promotes the spacing of the two panes during the arrival of the tinted liquid.
- FIG. 5 represents another alternative embodiment in which one of the panes (9) is glued directly on the profile (2).
- the other window (9) cooperates with the profile (2) by means of an elastically deformable waterproof seal (36).
- the movable window (8) not glued On the frame (2) is offset, or of smaller dimension, the peripheral fluid duct (37) being delimited by the edge of the window (9) glued to the profile (2), the bottom of the profile facing the edge of the windows (8, 9) and the seal (36).
- control means for example an electric switch controlling the operation of the pump and the valve, or of temperature sensors. or lighting automating the operation of the system.
- the device for coloring a light beam in accordance with the exemplary embodiment of which FIG. 6 represents a sectional view comprises a white light source (39) constituted by an electric bulb, associated with a reflector (40).
- a white light source constituted by an electric bulb
- a reflector 40
- an anti-calorific filter (41) reduces the transmission of heat.
- An optical system (42) focuses the beam in a known manner.
- the device further comprises three cells (43,44,45) arranged perpendicular to the optical axis (46) of the light beam.
- Each of the cells is constituted by two transparent sheets (47, 48) constituted by transparent panes with a thickness of 6 millimeters.
- the two sheets (47, 48) are joined by a seal (49) surrounding the cell.
- Figure 7 shows an enlarged view of a cell.
- (47, 48) are in the form of discs with a thickness of 6 millimeters, and are surrounded by an annular seal (49) having two lateral lips (50, 51) glued on the periphery of the exterior surfaces of the panes (47, 48).
- the space between the bottom ⁇ 52) of the joint and the edges (53,54) of the sheets respectively (47, 48) constitutes a conduit for circulation of the colored fluid injected (55,56) by a supply conduit (57 , 57 ', 57 ").
- the pressure exerted on the seal causes the sheets (47, 48) to be separated and the volume created between these two sheets to be filled with the colored fluid. Due to the injection by the entire periphery (55,56), the movement of the sheets is substantially parallel.
- the fluid injected between the two sheets (47, 48) causes chromatic absorption of the cell thus formed.
- the fluid occupying the volume between the two sheets (47, 48) is aspirated, using the conduit (57).
- the sheets (47, 48) approach substantially parallel, and thus the formation of a dihedron is prevented preventing the evacuation of the colored fluid.
- the seal (49) is advantageously made of silicone, bonded by these lips (40,41) to the exterior surfaces of the panes (47, 48).
- the supply is made using bellows pears serving as reservoirs, controlled by worms or with a control of the screw on potentiometer where electric pumps (59,60,61) connected respectively to the pipes (57, 57 ', 57 ") on the one hand and to tanks respectively (24, 25, 26) on the other hand.
- These tanks each contain a fluid of different colors, for example, the tank (62) contains a fluid colored red , the reservoir (63) a yellow colored fluid and the reservoir (64) a blue colored fluid.
- the fluid contains surfactants making it possible to reduce the surface tension and improve cell transparency by decreasing the thickness of the film.
- the motors of the pumps (59,60,61) are connected to a control unit (65) making it possible to adjust the quantity of fluid inside each of the cells (43,44,45).
- a photoelectric detector (66) arranged in the path of the optical beam downstream of the cells (43,44,45) generates a signal for controlling the pumps (59,60,61).
- This photoelectric detector (66) can be of the monochrome type, in order to simply control the power of the light source.
- the photoelectric detector (66) can also consist of a chromatic analysis sensor delivering a signal depending on the spectrum and the power of the light beam emitted by the device. In this case, this signal allows finely slaving the quantity of fluid present in each of the cells (43,44,45) according to the parameters selected by the operator, using for example sliders (67,68, 69).
- This second embodiment makes it possible to guarantee fidelity of the colors of the light beam and perfect reproducibility.
- the photoelectric sensor (66) can be placed not in the path of the output beam of the device, but in the direction of the screen on which the light beam is directed, so the servo signal will also take into account the basic colors and density of the projection medium.
- the present invention finds numerous applications, in particular in the fields of the construction of office or residential buildings, the production of interior partitions, the construction of greenhouses, the manufacture of sunroofs for cars and vehicles. leisure, trucks, or nautical devices and non-dazzling mirrors.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)
- Mechanical Light Control Or Optical Switches (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR90/11915 | 1990-09-27 | ||
| FR9011915A FR2667349A1 (fr) | 1990-09-27 | 1990-09-27 | Systeme de vitrage a opacite variable et serres mettant en óoeuvre un tel systeme. |
| FR9106924A FR2677431A1 (fr) | 1991-06-07 | 1991-06-07 | Dispositif pour la coloration d'un faisceau lumineux ainsi que le procede mis en óoeuvre par le dispositif. |
| FR91/06924 | 1991-06-07 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1992006266A1 true WO1992006266A1 (fr) | 1992-04-16 |
Family
ID=26228254
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR1991/000755 Ceased WO1992006266A1 (fr) | 1990-09-27 | 1991-09-26 | Systeme de vitrage a opacite variable |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0552198A1 (fr) |
| PT (1) | PT99111A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO1992006266A1 (fr) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2158757A1 (es) * | 1998-09-29 | 2001-09-01 | Diaz Jose Luis Garcia | Nuevo sistema de persiana para cerramientos. |
| FR2862680A1 (fr) * | 2003-11-24 | 2005-05-27 | Gilbert Antoine Gross | Element design |
| WO2006045871A1 (fr) * | 2004-10-25 | 2006-05-04 | Daniel Matoses Vercher | Systeme pour assombrir des vitres applicable aux fenetres et similaires |
| WO2009027553A1 (fr) * | 2007-07-30 | 2009-03-05 | Vanentis, S.L. | Système d'occultation de la lumière au moyen de fluides |
| US20100044006A1 (en) * | 2007-02-23 | 2010-02-25 | Universidad Politécnica de Madrid | Active transparent or translucent enclosures with energy control capacity |
| CN109372388A (zh) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-02-22 | 北方工业大学 | 一种吸收式光热独立自动调节透光结构、玻璃幕墙及外墙窗 |
| CN116729087A (zh) * | 2023-06-13 | 2023-09-12 | 蔚来汽车科技(安徽)有限公司 | 车辆的遮阳系统及车辆 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1977477A (en) * | 1931-07-11 | 1934-10-16 | Berthold A Cronson | Projection of light |
| FR920318A (fr) * | 1945-06-19 | 1947-04-03 | Dispositif pour obtenir une variation graduelle, progressive ou régressive, de la transparence des verres de tous genres et, en particulier, des pare-brise pour véhicules | |
| FR1379026A (fr) * | 1963-10-08 | 1964-11-20 | élément de construction ou similaire à transparence variable | |
| FR1468411A (fr) * | 1965-03-23 | 1967-02-03 | Glaverbel | Vitrage protecteur comportant une feuille d'un matériau transparent coloré |
| US3424515A (en) * | 1965-08-23 | 1969-01-28 | George Risk Ind Inc | Window construction having continuously variable transverse light transmission |
| GB1145060A (en) * | 1965-07-31 | 1969-03-12 | Tillo Faulhaber | Multi-glazed unit for buildings, vehicles and the like |
| FR1574762A (fr) * | 1967-04-06 | 1969-07-18 | ||
| US3509063A (en) * | 1961-12-01 | 1970-04-28 | Chrysler Corp | Optically dense fluid and method of making the same |
| FR2442329A1 (fr) * | 1978-11-22 | 1980-06-20 | Teplitsky Jean Christophe | Vitrage colore |
| EP0013080A1 (fr) * | 1978-12-21 | 1980-07-09 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Assemblage de double-vitre |
| EP0358807A1 (fr) * | 1988-09-15 | 1990-03-21 | John Mecca | Jalousie variable |
-
1991
- 1991-09-26 WO PCT/FR1991/000755 patent/WO1992006266A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1991-09-26 EP EP19910917387 patent/EP0552198A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1991-09-27 PT PT9911191A patent/PT99111A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1977477A (en) * | 1931-07-11 | 1934-10-16 | Berthold A Cronson | Projection of light |
| FR920318A (fr) * | 1945-06-19 | 1947-04-03 | Dispositif pour obtenir une variation graduelle, progressive ou régressive, de la transparence des verres de tous genres et, en particulier, des pare-brise pour véhicules | |
| US3509063A (en) * | 1961-12-01 | 1970-04-28 | Chrysler Corp | Optically dense fluid and method of making the same |
| FR1379026A (fr) * | 1963-10-08 | 1964-11-20 | élément de construction ou similaire à transparence variable | |
| FR1468411A (fr) * | 1965-03-23 | 1967-02-03 | Glaverbel | Vitrage protecteur comportant une feuille d'un matériau transparent coloré |
| GB1145060A (en) * | 1965-07-31 | 1969-03-12 | Tillo Faulhaber | Multi-glazed unit for buildings, vehicles and the like |
| US3424515A (en) * | 1965-08-23 | 1969-01-28 | George Risk Ind Inc | Window construction having continuously variable transverse light transmission |
| FR1574762A (fr) * | 1967-04-06 | 1969-07-18 | ||
| FR2442329A1 (fr) * | 1978-11-22 | 1980-06-20 | Teplitsky Jean Christophe | Vitrage colore |
| EP0013080A1 (fr) * | 1978-12-21 | 1980-07-09 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Assemblage de double-vitre |
| EP0358807A1 (fr) * | 1988-09-15 | 1990-03-21 | John Mecca | Jalousie variable |
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2158757A1 (es) * | 1998-09-29 | 2001-09-01 | Diaz Jose Luis Garcia | Nuevo sistema de persiana para cerramientos. |
| FR2862680A1 (fr) * | 2003-11-24 | 2005-05-27 | Gilbert Antoine Gross | Element design |
| EA012651B1 (ru) * | 2004-10-25 | 2009-12-30 | Даньель Матосес-Верчер | Система затемнения оконных и других застеклённых панелей |
| WO2006045871A1 (fr) * | 2004-10-25 | 2006-05-04 | Daniel Matoses Vercher | Systeme pour assombrir des vitres applicable aux fenetres et similaires |
| ES2277711A1 (es) * | 2004-10-25 | 2007-07-16 | Daniel Matoses Vercher | Sistema para oscurecer cristales aplicable a ventanas y similares. |
| ES2277711B1 (es) * | 2004-10-25 | 2008-06-16 | Daniel Matoses Vercher | Sistema para oscurecer cristales aplicable a ventanas y similares. |
| US20100044006A1 (en) * | 2007-02-23 | 2010-02-25 | Universidad Politécnica de Madrid | Active transparent or translucent enclosures with energy control capacity |
| US8341894B2 (en) * | 2007-02-23 | 2013-01-01 | Universidad Politecnica De Madrid | Active transparent or translucent enclosures with energy control capacity |
| ES2315183A1 (es) * | 2007-07-30 | 2009-03-16 | Vanentis S.L. | Sistema oclusor de la luz mediante fluidos. |
| ES2315183B1 (es) * | 2007-07-30 | 2010-01-08 | Vanentis S.L. | Sistema oclusor de la luz mediante fluidos. |
| WO2009027553A1 (fr) * | 2007-07-30 | 2009-03-05 | Vanentis, S.L. | Système d'occultation de la lumière au moyen de fluides |
| CN109372388A (zh) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-02-22 | 北方工业大学 | 一种吸收式光热独立自动调节透光结构、玻璃幕墙及外墙窗 |
| CN109372388B (zh) * | 2018-11-26 | 2023-09-22 | 北方工业大学 | 一种吸收式光热独立自动调节透光结构、玻璃幕墙及外墙窗 |
| CN116729087A (zh) * | 2023-06-13 | 2023-09-12 | 蔚来汽车科技(安徽)有限公司 | 车辆的遮阳系统及车辆 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PT99111A (pt) | 1993-10-29 |
| EP0552198A1 (fr) | 1993-07-28 |
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