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WO1991013714A1 - Procede de fabrication d'un materiau metallique ou ceramique - Google Patents

Procede de fabrication d'un materiau metallique ou ceramique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1991013714A1
WO1991013714A1 PCT/DE1990/000799 DE9000799W WO9113714A1 WO 1991013714 A1 WO1991013714 A1 WO 1991013714A1 DE 9000799 W DE9000799 W DE 9000799W WO 9113714 A1 WO9113714 A1 WO 9113714A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
honeycomb body
preform
body according
starting material
ceramic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/DE1990/000799
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Klaus Rennebeck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO1991013714A1 publication Critical patent/WO1991013714A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28033—Membrane, sheet, cloth, pad, lamellar or mat
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/40—Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material
    • A61L27/44—Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material having a macromolecular matrix
    • A61L27/46—Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material having a macromolecular matrix with phosphorus-containing inorganic fillers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
    • B01D39/2027—Metallic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
    • B01D39/2068—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
    • B01D67/0039—Inorganic membrane manufacture
    • B01D67/0074—Inorganic membrane manufacture from melts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
    • B01D67/0081—After-treatment of organic or inorganic membranes
    • B01D67/0095—Drying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D71/02—Inorganic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28023—Fibres or filaments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28042—Shaped bodies; Monolithic structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28042—Shaped bodies; Monolithic structures
    • B01J20/28045—Honeycomb or cellular structures; Solid foams or sponges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
    • B01J37/0018—Addition of a binding agent or of material, later completely removed among others as result of heat treatment, leaching or washing,(e.g. forming of pores; protective layer, desintegrating by heat)
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/22—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/0005—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
    • C01B3/001—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes characterised by the uptaking medium; Treatment thereof
    • C01B3/0031—Intermetallic compounds; Metal alloys; Treatment thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • C04B38/06—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by burning-out added substances by burning natural expanding materials or by sublimating or melting out added substances
    • C04B38/063—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B38/0635—Compounding ingredients
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/05—Refining by treating with gases, e.g. gas flushing also refining by means of a material generating gas in situ
    • C22B9/055—Refining by treating with gases, e.g. gas flushing also refining by means of a material generating gas in situ while the metal is circulating, e.g. combined with filtration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
    • B01D2325/10—Catalysts being present on the surface of the membrane or in the pores
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
    • B01D2325/12—Adsorbents being present on the surface of the membranes or in the pores
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
    • B01D2325/22—Thermal or heat-resistance properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00793—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as filters or diaphragms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/0081—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as catalysts or catalyst carriers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00836—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for medical or dental applications
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/52—Sound-insulating materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
    • Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a method for producing metallic or ceramic material, in particular in special forms such as foil, films, membranes, sanitary ceramics or the like.
  • powder metal orgy Even with the powder metal orgy, however, it is not possible to produce structurally stable bodies such as foils, films and membranes with a material thickness less than 0.1 mm.
  • Another disadvantage of powder metallurgy is the high pressure required and the dangerousness of the manufacturing process due to the toxicity of the metals, which can easily get into the human organism due to the powder form.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method which does not have the disadvantages mentioned above in the production of metallic bodies in special shapes such as foils, films and membranes.
  • a further task is to get by with ceramic bodies without complex casting molds and to enable the production of special shapes such as foils, films and membranes.
  • the starting materials of the metallic or ceramic body are molecularly incorporated into, or added to, a flowable, water-free, skin-forming starting material, it is possible to form or pour out a preform or final shape which, through various shaping processes such as deep drawing or pleating, form one Are final formable before the deformability is eliminated by the resulting ceramic structure in the case of ceramics by the thermal treatment.
  • various shaping processes such as deep drawing or pleating, form one Are final formable before the deformability is eliminated by the resulting ceramic structure in the case of ceramics by the thermal treatment.
  • metallic bodies it is this way It is possible to pour or form extremely thin layers as foils or films or membranes before the crystalline structure of the body makes such shaping possible only by means of rolling or whipping, where the above-mentioned disadvantages occur, due to the thermal treatment.
  • the method according to the invention thus offers the possibility of bringing ceramic bodies such as sanitary ware or dishes as green cullet into the desired final shape, for example by deep drawing, and only then producing the ceramic state in which the body is no longer deformable by thermal treatment.
  • the volatile constituents of the starting material are released, while the basic ceramic materials are converted to ceramic.
  • the thermal treatment of the preform can take place either in a neutral, oxidizing or reducing atmosphere, so that, for example in the case of metallic constituents of the starting material, a metallic body is formed by thermal treatment in a reducing atmosphere, while an oxide- or non-oxide-ceramic body is produced when treating in an oxidizing atmosphere. It can also be burned in a reducing or oxidizing or neutral manner.
  • latent energy can be used instead of or in addition to sensitive thermal energy - 5 -
  • thermal energy are used, i.e. so using superheated steam.
  • latent thermal energy By treatment with latent thermal energy, the necessary sintering temperature can be reduced by a few 100 °, which results in great energy savings.
  • the preform is formed by extrusion, the preform preferably being extruded in the form of elongated hollow bodies.
  • a material known / experienced in the plastics field can advantageously be used to produce special shapes such as foils, films and membranes from metallic or ceramic material.
  • the elongated hollow bodies formed by extrusion can advantageously be joined together to form a honeycomb body in accordance with a further embodiment of the invention.
  • a ceramic or metallic honeycomb body can be achieved, which is characterized in particular by a very large inner surface, very large free-sectional area and small wall thickness of the honeycomb.
  • Ceramic honeycomb bodies also have the advantage of high heat resistance, which is necessary in the field of exhaust gas catalysts.
  • the hollow bodies produced during extrusion are alternately closed on one side and on the other side during extrusion.
  • This embodiment has the advantage that the honeycomb bodies produced in this way have different media on the two free-cut sides. flow can be acted upon, which do not come into contact with each other or only to the extent that permeation through the honeycomb wall is provided.
  • the preform is shaped into a final shape by a shaping process such as deep drawing.
  • a shaping process such as deep drawing.
  • the final shape of the ceramic body can advantageously be formed before the thermal treatment, in particular in the field of sanitary ceramics, but also in the case of crockery, due to the properties of the starting material, namely that it is sufficiently stable, if necessary after drying is to design such shapes.
  • a final shape produced in this way is then converted to the ceramic or metallic product by thermal treatment. This may eliminate the need for very expensive molds for the desired end products.
  • organic metal compounds, organic rare earth compounds, in particular as polymers, metal gels or metal sol gels serve as the starting material.
  • These flowable, water-free substances are also skin-forming and contain, in addition to volatile components such as alcohol, metals or ceramic raw materials, either molecularly integrated or as an admixture.
  • the thermal treatment of the preform for example a metal-organic compound, the organic residue is evaporated as a volatile part of the starting material, while the metal either crystallizes out or is converted into a ceramic material.
  • Various metals can also be contained in the starting material, for example magnesium and aluminum, in which MgAl2 ⁇ 4 (spinel) is formed by oxidizing thermal treatment.
  • the starting material for the preform is produced in a one-pot process.
  • all substances necessary for the starting material are advantageously brought together in a three-necked flask.
  • magnesium chloride and silane are added to it. Magnesium hydride and silicon chloride are formed from these starting materials, releasing monosilane and settling tetrahydrofuran.
  • the tetrahydrofuran serves as a catalyst for the gentle hydrogenation of magnesium hydride
  • the tetrahydrofuran separated off after the reaction can contain silicon, chlorine and magnesium and can therefore be used as a starting material for the preform of a metallic or ceramic body is formed by thermal treatment of this preform.
  • other metals or ceramic base materials can also be added to the three-necked flask, which together with the tetrahydrofuran serve as the starting material for the preform in order to form a corresponding metallic or ceramic body.
  • the advantage of this method is that, in addition to a starting material for the formation of a ceramic or metallic body, two further valuable substances are obtained at the same time, namely magnesium hydride Solid hydride storage and on the other hand monosilane as a gaseous starting material for the production of high-purity crystalline silicon.
  • An advantageous use of a body produced by the method according to the invention is its use as an absorber for gaseous or aerosol substances, in particular pollutants such as HCl, HF, S0 X , C0 X , N0 X , NH X and amalgam.
  • a body is obtained from a substance absorbing the above-mentioned substances, such as MgO, MgOH, CaO, CaOH, etc.
  • the starting material from which the preform or the final form is produced may contain magnesium oxide, so that the body formed therefrom also contains magnesium oxide as green fragments or a ceramic sintered body made of magnesium is obtained by thermal treatment.
  • This body can absorb gaseous HCl, for example, and collect it in the form of magnesium chloride.
  • a ceramic sintered body made of magnesium oxide can also be obtained by using magnesium alcoholate as the starting material for the preform or final shape and by thermally treating the body in an oxidizing atmosphere. The same applies to other starting materials such as Al, Ca, etc.
  • the body according to the invention serves as an adsorber, in particular of water for gas humidification and / or dehumidification, in that the starting materials of the body are known hygroscopic materials such as magnesium perchlorate, phosphorus pentoxide, silicate, zeolite, aluminosilicate , Carbonate carbon, sodium chloride, polysaccharides and the same included.
  • the gas to be treated is passed over the body and either releases or absorbs water from it.
  • the water to be released is adsorbed by the hygroscopic substances in the body or in the body.
  • gas humidification water adsorbed by the body is released into the gas.
  • the hygroscopic materials are preferably added to the starting materials as a powder, and if necessary an oxidation can take place during the thermal treatment.
  • both the large free cross-sectional area and the large reaction surface are advantageous since this favors loading and unloading with the substance to be adsorbed. The same naturally also applies when used as an absorber.
  • the body is used as a filter, for example as a molten metal or slag-melt filter in the metallurgical industry.
  • the body of the invention has the advantage that it is heat-resistant and that the required. ren size of the filter can be predetermined by the manufacturing process.
  • the body is used for the selective separation of gases and / or liquids.
  • the body according to the invention has excellent selective gas separation properties both as green cullet and in the fired state.
  • the body serves as a gas store.
  • a body according to the invention can be used in particular for storing oxygen and / or carbon dioxide, in that the body consists of barium or barium oxide.
  • the large reaction surface and the large free-sectional area are particularly advantageous in the case of honeycomb bodies according to the invention.
  • Such a honeycomb body loaded with oxygen can advantageously serve as an oxygen source in a wide variety of fields of application, for example in oxygen therapy or for the oxidation of the reaction products of suspension dryers.
  • Such a honeycomb body can also be used as a solid hydride storage, in that it consists of magnesium and / or titanium and / or iron or these are applied to the honeycomb body, preferably in an engobe.
  • the above-mentioned advantages of the large reaction and free cross-sectional area also apply here. This also gives a particularly large storage capacity per volume, and quick and safe loading and unloading of the solid hydride storage device.
  • the body according to the invention serves as a catalyst for the selective and non-selective catalytic treatment of a gas stream, in that the body consists of a catalytically active - 11 -
  • the gas flow is passed over the body or through the channels of a honeycomb body according to the invention.
  • the large achievable free cross-sectional area and the large reaction surface of the honeycomb body are also particularly advantageous here.
  • the body produced according to the invention serves as packaging material.
  • metal and ceramic foils can be used as packaging material in a particularly low material thickness.
  • a body produced according to the invention serves as tableware or sanitary ware, into which the preform is shaped before the thermal treatment.
  • the preform can be shaped into a final shape, for example a cup or a wash basin, by molding processes known from the plastics sector, such as deep drawing, since the green cullet has sufficient stability due to the properties of the starting materials.
  • the body produced according to the invention serves as a spacer ring for composite catalyst bodies, the shape being preferably undulated by pleating and placed before the thermal treatment around a firing aid with an outer diameter corresponding to the desired inner diameter of the spacer ring becomes.
  • a ceramic spacer ring can be formed, the final shape of which is predetermined by the firing aid and which, during the firing process, survives expansion and contraction movements without damage due to the wave-like deformation.
  • the body produced according to the invention serves as a structural component. Due to the extremely thin material thicknesses that can be achieved, the body according to the invention, in particular in the honeycomb structure, provides a very stable structural component of low weight that can be used, for example, in aircraft construction. Due to the existing storage properties with the corresponding starting material, this component can simultaneously be used as a solid hydride storage, for example in aircraft or motor vehicles, as a fuel source.
  • the honeycomb body according to the invention serves as an insert in liquid stores.
  • the movement of the liquid in the memory is advantageously restricted, as a result of which unfavorable fluctuations in the weight distribution are avoided by moving the liquid back and forth. This is important, for example, in the case of fuel tanks in aircraft.
  • the honeycomb body according to the invention is used as a silencer, optionally combined with an exhaust gas cleaning function.
  • the honeycomb body can either are inserted into the exhaust gas path in such a way that the exhaust gas flows through the channels, or else it can be used as a wall coating in the exhaust gas path, the channels of the honeycomb body running perpendicular to the outer wall.
  • Be ⁇ use of catalyst material for the honeycomb body can gleich ⁇ time an exhaust gas purification function are obtained.
  • the advantage is that there is a very large free cross-sectional area when flowing through, which results in a very low dynamic pressure. In the second case, the dynamic pressure is also low, and here the sound attenuation from the resonator effect of the channels in connection with de :. Porosity of the material results.
  • the honeycomb body contains calcium triphosphate (apatite) and a protein which is compatible with the application site, in particular osteopoietin as a bone replacement and building-up agent.
  • apatite calcium triphosphate
  • osteopoietin as a bone replacement and building-up agent
  • This embodiment of the invention can advantageously be used for medical purposes.
  • the well-known property of osteopoetin is used to have a bone-forming effect.
  • Calcium triphosphate corresponds to the natural bone material, so that it is particularly well tolerated and a seamless bone replacement made of uniform material is possible, combined with high stability due to the fine honeycomb structure.
  • the honeycomb body according to the invention serves as a fire seal with smoke seal by means of suspension sealing.
  • a honeycomb body according to the invention is used as an insert for the fire closure, with above the honeycomb body, for example, a glass enclosed with glass. * ami- See starting materials formed suspension is stored, which is released when a limit temperature is reached by destroying the glass and penetrates into the channels of the honeycomb body. Due to the heat introduced by the smoke, the suspension is solidified and closes the channels of the honeycomb body.
  • This configuration has the advantage that there is a safe fire shutdown with simultaneous smoke shutoff, while gas can pass through the honeycomb body before the suspension is released, for example in air conditioning systems.
  • the honeycomb body according to the invention is used in a device with a rotating disk-shaped honeycomb body, the sectors of which are alternately exposed to different media flows in terms of process technology.
  • Devices of this type are used, for example, in gas humidification and / or dehumidification systems, in absorption devices, as catalysts or heat exchangers. Due to the rotation of the honeycomb body, segments of the honeycomb body are alternately exposed to different media flows, for example warm and cold air in heat exchangers of air conditioning systems.
  • Such honeycomb bodies are usually equipped with an internal drive and internal bearing, which, according to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, can be replaced by an external drive and preferably also an external bearing of the honeycomb body. This has the advantage that the drive and the bearing are not possibly exposed to aggressive gas flows which could destroy them.
  • the honeycomb body disk is permanently installed, while the inflow and outflow hoods can be rotated relative to the different media flows.
  • the honeycomb body according to the invention is used in an air conditioning and conditioning system.
  • the various properties of the honeycomb body can be used advantageously individually or in combination, for example catalytic properties and filter or gas separation properties for cleaning solvent-containing exhaust air, adsorption and heat exchange properties in air conditioning systems, etc.
  • the semifinished product according to the invention can also be used in Gas conditioning systems are used to cool gases by dehumidification, which eliminates the need for unsightly cooling towers.
  • the honeycomb body consists of inorganic, preferably ceramic, translucent or transparent material and is used as a heat radiation absorber by placing the semifinished product on a surface plate that is dark or colored throughout, preferably also made of ceramic Material is arranged.
  • heat radiation absorbers which are based on the principle of the polar bear skin, are known per se. However, these are not heat-resistant or not weatherproof, since they consist of either plastic or glass.
  • due to the honeycomb body made of ceramic material according to the invention such a heat radiation absorber is heat-resistant, weatherproof and comparatively light.
  • the dark black base in particular has a high heat absorption, while the channels of the honeycomb body reduce the re-radiation of the absorbed heat.
  • the transparency of the ceramic material enables beam absorption at any angle of incidence.
  • the dark base plate replaces the skin of the polar bear, while the honeycomb body replaces the hair of the polar bear fur.
  • Such a heat radiation absorber can advantageously be used as a focus receiver in solar energy systems, since it is heat-resistant and therefore does not have to be cooled. It can therefore also be used for direct oil refining in the focus receiver of a solar energy system.
  • the use of non-oxide ceramics is particularly advantageous since it has a particularly high heat resistance.
  • Such a heat radiation absorber can advantageously also be operated in combination with a heat engine.
  • a heat engine can be, for example, a Stirling engine which is heated directly or indirectly, or a steam turbine or other steam-operated machine, the steam being generated in the focus receiver or a heat transfer medium being heated which produces steam elsewhere.
  • such a heat radiation absorber is used as the facade cladding of buildings.
  • the heat radiation absorber is preferably used at the same time as heat insulation and for heat energy generation.
  • such a heat radiation absorber is installed transversely to the facade of a building.
  • this is used exclusively for heat energy generation, for example by extending the base plate and / or the honeycomb body into the interior of the building, where they serve as a heating element, for example a hotplate.
  • this embodiment can also be used for other heat energy generation.
  • such a heat radiation absorber is used for heat insulation, in that the honeycomb body is arranged between two sheets which are dark or colored dark on the surface.
  • the honeycomb body replaces the otherwise usual mineral wool, which is physiologically questionable.
  • the thermal insulation is based on the high reflection in the channels of the honeycomb body, which can be increased further by providing this, like the inner sides of the base plates, with a layer reflecting heat radiation. This results in such thermal insulation Also particularly suitable for use as a heat shield in space vehicles, where particularly high mechanical stability is required.
  • the honeycomb body according to the invention serves as a solid hydride storage in a cycle with metal hydrides of different formation and decomposition temperatures, also in connection with a heat engine.
  • hydrogen is expelled from a metal hydride storage by heating and fed to a second solid hydride storage which binds the hydrogen.
  • the solid hydride storage at a high formation and decomposition temperature for example magnesium honeycomb body, is preferably heated in connection with an inventive heat radiation absorber, in particular by solar energy, and the hydrogen is driven off.
  • This hydrogen is fed to a second solid hydride store with a low formation and decomposition temperature, for example titanium iron honeycomb bodies, where it is in turn bound.
  • the hydrogen stored therein can already be driven off at a low temperature, for example by waste water heat, and can be returned to the solid hydride storage at a high formation temperature.
  • the heat energy released during adsorption can either be supplied to heat engines or used directly as heating energy.
  • the advantage of the honeycomb body according to the invention is that a large reaction surface is made available and the memory can be loaded and unloaded better than conventional memories.
  • the honeycomb body according to the invention serves as a heat store in that the honeycomb body consists of zeolite.
  • the honeycomb body consists of zeolite.
  • the honeycomb body releases heat which is available for recycling.
  • the water can be expelled from the honeycomb body again by supplying heat, so that the honeycomb body can serve as a heat store. Due to the large reaction surface and the large free cross-sectional area, the loading and unloading of the honeycomb body with water is particularly favored.
  • the honeycomb body made of zeolite is used for water desalination, in that the honeycomb body is combined with a distillation device for the water vapor generated when water is added. Sea water or brackish water can be purified and desalted in this way, the solar energy available in dry areas being able to drive out water absorbed in the honeycomb body, which then, for example, at night again for the desalination of brackish water Available.
  • the body according to the invention serves as a brake lining or brake disc, the preform preferably being deformed in a wave-like manner by pleating and several such preforms pressed onto one another or fixedly connected to one another in another way before the thermal treatment.
  • the preform preferably being deformed in a wave-like manner by pleating and several such preforms pressed onto one another or fixedly connected to one another in another way before the thermal treatment.
  • particularly heat-resistant and stable brake linings can be produced, which, in particular according to a further development of the invention, can be improved both in terms of their braking action and in terms of their stability by incorporating heat-resistant fiber material.
  • the advantage of the wave-shaped design of the preforms is that long fibers cannot be loosened from the material when grinding the brake discs or brake pads, since these are embedded along the film plane and are divided into short pieces during grinding. Cordierite, asbestos or coal can therefore advantageously be used as the fiber material, although no health-damaging effect can occur even with asbestos, since this is only given
  • a honeycomb body according to the invention serves as a lining or firing aid for thermal treatment rooms.
  • a lining has the advantage of low weight and at the same time great heat resistance, which ensures rapid heating and thus energy savings in the thermal treatment.

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Abstract

Procédé de fabrication de produits métalliques ou céramiques de formes particulières, comme les feuilles, les pellicules, les membranes, la céramique sanitaire ou similaires. On forme ou on coule, à partir d'un matériau initial anhydre coulant formant une peau, une préforme ou une forme définitive, le matériau initial pour cette préforme ou cette forme définitive comportant et/ou étant mélangé avec des métaux ou des matières premières céramiques inorganiques moléculairement liées. Cette préforme ou cette forme finale sont traitées, si nécessaire après un séchage préalable, avec une énergie thermique sensible et/ou latente dans une atmosphère neutre, réductrice ou oxydante, de telle manière que les substances moléculairement liées et/ou ajoutées soient transformées, avec libération des parties organiques volatiles de la substance initiale, en un corps métallique ou en une céramique oxydée ou non oxydée.
PCT/DE1990/000799 1990-03-15 1990-10-19 Procede de fabrication d'un materiau metallique ou ceramique Ceased WO1991013714A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP4008331.4 1990-03-15
DE4008331 1990-03-15

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WO1991013714A1 true WO1991013714A1 (fr) 1991-09-19

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PCT/DE1990/000799 Ceased WO1991013714A1 (fr) 1990-03-15 1990-10-19 Procede de fabrication d'un materiau metallique ou ceramique

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AU (1) AU6545690A (fr)
CS (1) CS66891A3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1991013714A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0639540A1 (fr) * 1993-07-16 1995-02-22 FIAT AUTO S.p.A. Procédé de fabrication de feuilles métalliques et/ou en matière céramique par frittage de poudres et produits dérivés obtenus par le procédé
CN113969355A (zh) * 2021-09-27 2022-01-25 铜陵有色设计研究院有限责任公司 一种利用有机钴渣制备锌镉合金的短流程制备工艺

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DE2725722A1 (de) * 1976-06-10 1977-12-15 Ngk Insulators Ltd Verfahren zur herstellung von rissfreien keramischen honigwabenstrukturen
DE3023605A1 (de) * 1979-06-25 1981-01-15 Nat Standard Co Viskoelastische zusammensetzung zur herstellung von formkoerpern
EP0027673A1 (fr) * 1979-10-18 1981-04-29 Philips Patentverwaltung GmbH Procédé de préparation d'objets façonnés ou de couches de matériaux inorganiques
EP0120243A2 (fr) * 1983-03-28 1984-10-03 International Business Machines Corporation Procédé pour éliminer des résidus de carbone pendant le frittage des céramiques
US4491559A (en) * 1979-12-31 1985-01-01 Kennametal Inc. Flowable composition adapted for sintering and method of making
EP0154479A2 (fr) * 1984-02-24 1985-09-11 Nitto Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Composition à base de polymère acrylique pour lier des poudres métalliques
EP0244940A2 (fr) * 1986-03-31 1987-11-11 The Dow Chemical Company Matériaux en poudre de céramiques, cermets ou métaux avec un liant polymérique et procédé pour la fabrication de corps moulés en poudre de céramiques, cermets ou métaux
EP0260865A1 (fr) * 1986-09-18 1988-03-23 Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited Procédé de préparation de matériau fritté de nitrure d'aluminium
US4758272A (en) * 1987-05-27 1988-07-19 Corning Glass Works Porous metal bodies
WO1988007505A1 (fr) * 1987-04-01 1988-10-06 Ceramics Process Systems Solution liante polymerisable pour des coulis de particules hautement charges, a faible viscosite et procedes de fabrication derivee d'articles
US4777015A (en) * 1988-01-14 1988-10-11 Gte Products Corporation Process for producing tungsten heavy alloy sheet using a metallic salt binder system
EP0293276A1 (fr) * 1987-04-24 1988-11-30 Thomson-Csf Procédé de fabrication d'un substrat à forte résistivité, et application à une sonde d'analyse de gaz
EP0294806A1 (fr) * 1987-06-12 1988-12-14 Nippon Kokan Kabushiki Kaisha Procédé de production d'un corps fritté à haute densité

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2725722A1 (de) * 1976-06-10 1977-12-15 Ngk Insulators Ltd Verfahren zur herstellung von rissfreien keramischen honigwabenstrukturen
DE3023605A1 (de) * 1979-06-25 1981-01-15 Nat Standard Co Viskoelastische zusammensetzung zur herstellung von formkoerpern
EP0027673A1 (fr) * 1979-10-18 1981-04-29 Philips Patentverwaltung GmbH Procédé de préparation d'objets façonnés ou de couches de matériaux inorganiques
US4491559A (en) * 1979-12-31 1985-01-01 Kennametal Inc. Flowable composition adapted for sintering and method of making
EP0120243A2 (fr) * 1983-03-28 1984-10-03 International Business Machines Corporation Procédé pour éliminer des résidus de carbone pendant le frittage des céramiques
EP0154479A2 (fr) * 1984-02-24 1985-09-11 Nitto Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Composition à base de polymère acrylique pour lier des poudres métalliques
EP0244940A2 (fr) * 1986-03-31 1987-11-11 The Dow Chemical Company Matériaux en poudre de céramiques, cermets ou métaux avec un liant polymérique et procédé pour la fabrication de corps moulés en poudre de céramiques, cermets ou métaux
EP0260865A1 (fr) * 1986-09-18 1988-03-23 Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited Procédé de préparation de matériau fritté de nitrure d'aluminium
WO1988007505A1 (fr) * 1987-04-01 1988-10-06 Ceramics Process Systems Solution liante polymerisable pour des coulis de particules hautement charges, a faible viscosite et procedes de fabrication derivee d'articles
EP0293276A1 (fr) * 1987-04-24 1988-11-30 Thomson-Csf Procédé de fabrication d'un substrat à forte résistivité, et application à une sonde d'analyse de gaz
US4758272A (en) * 1987-05-27 1988-07-19 Corning Glass Works Porous metal bodies
EP0294806A1 (fr) * 1987-06-12 1988-12-14 Nippon Kokan Kabushiki Kaisha Procédé de production d'un corps fritté à haute densité
US4777015A (en) * 1988-01-14 1988-10-11 Gte Products Corporation Process for producing tungsten heavy alloy sheet using a metallic salt binder system

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0639540A1 (fr) * 1993-07-16 1995-02-22 FIAT AUTO S.p.A. Procédé de fabrication de feuilles métalliques et/ou en matière céramique par frittage de poudres et produits dérivés obtenus par le procédé
CN113969355A (zh) * 2021-09-27 2022-01-25 铜陵有色设计研究院有限责任公司 一种利用有机钴渣制备锌镉合金的短流程制备工艺

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AU6545690A (en) 1991-10-10

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