[go: up one dir, main page]

WO1991004779A1 - Procede de fabrication de produits semi-finis et leur utilisation - Google Patents

Procede de fabrication de produits semi-finis et leur utilisation Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1991004779A1
WO1991004779A1 PCT/DE1990/000736 DE9000736W WO9104779A1 WO 1991004779 A1 WO1991004779 A1 WO 1991004779A1 DE 9000736 W DE9000736 W DE 9000736W WO 9104779 A1 WO9104779 A1 WO 9104779A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
semi
finished product
product according
channels
substances
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/DE1990/000736
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Klaus Rennebeck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO1991004779A1 publication Critical patent/WO1991004779A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/10—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
    • B32B3/12—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material characterised by a layer of regularly- arranged cells, e.g. a honeycomb structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
    • B01J35/56—Foraminous structures having flow-through passages or channels, e.g. grids or three-dimensional monoliths
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/34—Moulds, cores, or mandrels of special material, e.g. destructible materials
    • B28B7/342—Moulds, cores, or mandrels of special material, e.g. destructible materials which are at least partially destroyed, e.g. broken, molten, before demoulding; Moulding surfaces or spaces shaped by, or in, the ground, or sand or soil, whether bound or not; Cores consisting at least mainly of sand or soil, whether bound or not
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • C04B38/0006—Honeycomb structures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
    • C25B11/03—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form perforated or foraminous
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
    • F01N3/2807—Metal other than sintered metal
    • F01N3/281—Metallic honeycomb monoliths made of stacked or rolled sheets, foils or plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
    • F01N3/2825—Ceramics
    • F01N3/2828—Ceramic multi-channel monoliths, e.g. honeycombs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2305/02—Cellular or porous
    • B32B2305/024—Honeycomb
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/18—Composite material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/20—Plastics, e.g. polymers, polyester, polyurethane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2370/00—Selection of materials for exhaust purification
    • F01N2370/40—Activated carbon or charcoal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight

Definitions

  • the invention is based on methods for producing semi-finished products with a multiplicity of channels, in particular honeycomb bodies, preferably at least in one plane.
  • honeycomb bodies are used, for example, as a catalyst or catalyst body in ceramic or metallic form.
  • a known method of producing ceramic honeycomb bodies is to extrude and subsequently sinter the inorganic slurries which may contain organic substances.
  • the achievable wall thickness downwards and the free cross-sectional area upwards and thus the process engineering use of the honeycomb body are limited.
  • Honeycomb bodies for exhaust gas catalytic converters for motor vehicles are therefore also made from metallic material, metal sheets being rolled, then preformed, for example by pleating, and finally wound into the final honeycomb body.
  • honeycomb bodies have smaller wall thicknesses and larger free-cut areas than ceramic honeycomb bodies; nevertheless, no free cross-sectional areas of more than 80% can be achieved even with metallic honeycomb bodies.
  • a further disadvantage of metallic honeycomb bodies is that it may be necessary to connect the layers which are stacked or wound on one another, for example by soldering. This is not only complex to manufacture, but also leads to greater susceptibility to faults.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method for producing semifinished products with a multiplicity, preferably at least in one plane, of parallel channels, in particular honeycomb bodies, which makes it possible to increase the free-sectional area of the semifinished product to over 80% or the wall thickness of the honeycomb body extend below 0.1 mm.
  • the method steps specified in claim 1 make it possible to produce a honeycomb body of almost any final shape from any, in particular almost arbitrarily thin, flat preform.
  • foils, spinning tiles, trades, knitted fabrics, Knitted fabrics, woven fabrics, injection molding, extrudate, film casting serve as preform.
  • the stacked planar preforms can be connected in particular by gluing, sewing, stitching, perforating and printing. The connection can be punctiform, linear or flat.
  • the channels formed in this way can in particular be triangular, square, hexagonal or round in cross section.
  • the individual layers can be sinusoidal.
  • the individual layers can be glued either with a suitable adhesive or with the starting material itself in liquid form.
  • the process according to the invention makes it possible to produce honeycomb bodies with very large free-sectional areas and very thin walls, namely from up to 97% free-sectional area and wall thicknesses down to 0.005 mm, while in the case of honeycomb bodies produced by known processes the wall thickness is more than 0.1 mm is. Also important is the large surface area that can be achieved per cubature, which is available as a contact and reaction surface. Up to 1000 channels can be accommodated per square centimeter of inflow area.
  • the preform is produced from skin-forming, flowable starting materials which have been shaped or poured over a large area, in particular as a film, and then dried.
  • This enables particularly thin preforms are provided, with additives which are required in the later semi-finished product being able to be added to the starting materials prior to the sheet-like shaping.
  • such metal-forming starting materials can also be organic metal compounds, organic rare earth compounds, in each case in particular as polymers, metal gels, metal sol gels or other skin-forming substances which contain the substances later required in the semifinished product. It is important that the dried preform remains plastically deformable, for example due to the long molecular chains in the case of polymers.
  • inorganic substances such as metals, oxidic and non-oxide ceramics, preferably in a floury form, can be added as additives to the skin-forming starting materials.
  • substances required in the later semifinished product can be introduced particularly advantageously, namely in a suspension.
  • non-skin-forming substances can also be shaped into a very thin preform.
  • the preform according to the invention is in particular manufactured without water.
  • Such a green sliver is hydrophobic and has gas separation properties.
  • the addition of hygroscopic substances such as "zeolite” can form a hygroscopic green shard which can also have gas separation properties.
  • threads and yarns are used for the production of the preform and a semi-finished product is knitted, woven or knitted directly from the preform.
  • a semi-finished product with a large number of channels can also be produced, which has a free cross-sectional area of over 80%.
  • the dried and expanded basic form is treated with sensitive and / or latent thermal energy in an oxidizing or reducing atmosphere until the material releases the volatile components into the metallic state or into an oxidic or non-oxidized oxide ceramics is converted.
  • This thermal treatment of the basic shape produces a ceramic or metallic honeycomb body with extremely thin walls and an extremely large free-sectional area.
  • a stable and heat-resistant body is produced which can be used in particular as an exhaust gas catalytic converter in motor vehicles.
  • the way to the metallic or ceramic body is chosen by the type of thermal treatment and the treatment atmosphere, while the material of the end product is predetermined by the composition of the starting materials and partly also by the treatment atmosphere.
  • a honeycomb body formed from metal silicon by thermal latent En * - ⁇ ie in a reducing atmosphere.
  • a ceramic silicon oxide honeycomb body is formed in an oxidizing atmosphere.
  • the dried basic form is first converted into the metallic state in a reducing atmosphere with sensitive and / or latent thermal energy and only expanded thereafter. As a result, the volume of the body to be thermally treated is advantageously kept small.
  • the inventive method can also be applied to ceramic film produced according to the known slip film casting process, in that the slip casting is enclosed in a still moist and deformable state between plane plastic films or fabrics, several such sandwich layers are placed on top of one another and connected along preferred lines , then the slip casting is preferably dehumidified and fixed by microwave treatment and finally the plastic film is evaporated and decomposed in the firing process, the slip casting being sintered into ceramic or metal.
  • the slip casting can also be applied to structured foils in order to give the sintered honeycomb body a certain surface structure.
  • connection of the individual layers to one another can also be brought about in that the intermediate foils are perforated, for example, or only foil strips are interposed. be placed so that the slip casting is connected at these points and thereby also the honeycomb body obtained during sintering.
  • An advantageous use of the semifinished product according to the invention is its use as an absorber for gaseous or aerosol substances, in particular pollutants such as HC1, HF, S0 X , CO x , NO ⁇ , NH X and amalgam.
  • the starting materials for example the suspension, a honeycomb body is obtained, through the channels of which the substances to be absorbed are passed and bound there in solid form.
  • the suspension from which the preform is produced can contain magnesium oxide, so that the honeycomb body formed therefrom also contains magnesium oxide as green shards, or a ceramic sintered body made of magnesium oxide is obtained by thermal treatment.
  • Gaseous HCl for example, can be introduced into this honeycomb body, which is absorbed there and collected in the form of magnesium chloride.
  • a ceramic sintered body made of magnesium oxide can, however, also be obtained by using magnesium alcoholate as a starting material for the preform and thermally treating the honeycomb body in an oxidizing atmosphere. The same applies to other starting materials such as Al, Ca, etc.
  • the gaseous or aerosol materials are absorbent materials according to another advantageous embodiment of the Erfin dung applied to the Ha ozeug * r introduced into the channels of the semifinished product and ablative there by ⁇ fluidize the substances to be absorbed.
  • the honeycomb body serves as a carrier for the absorbent substances, which are easily accessible by being applied to the honeycomb body, so that a large reaction surface is available.
  • the honeycomb body prevents the fluidized absorbent from accumulating on the outer walls of a container that would otherwise be used.
  • the absorbent material may accumulate on the channel walls, but the large reaction surface is largely retained.
  • the pollutants collected as a saturated or enriched reaction product become ineluctable with water glass or with protein or protein waste or foams in connection with magnesium oxide and / or calcium oxide and / or their hydroxides and / or their carbonates tied. In this way, the pollutants can be made safe for storage.
  • the semifinished product according to the invention is used for gas humidification and / or dehumidification, in that the starting materials of the semifinished product are known hygroscopic materials such as magnesium perchlorate, phosphorus pentoxide, silicate, zeolite, aluminosilicate, carbonate carbon , Sodium chloride, polysaccharides and the like.
  • the gas to be treated is passed through the channels of the semi-finished product and either releases water or takes up water there.
  • the water to be released is due to the hygroscopic substances of the semi-finished product or adsorbed in the semi-finished product.
  • gas humidification water adsorbed by the semifinished product is released into the gas.
  • Both the large free cross-sectional area and the large reaction surface of the semifinished product according to the invention are again advantageous.
  • the hygroscopic materials are preferably added to the starting materials as powder, and if necessary an oxidation can take place in the sintering process.
  • the active substance itself in the form of yarn, thread or the like can be used as the starting material for the preform, where necessary an oxidation can take place in the sintering process.
  • a metal thread can be woven into the preform and, after the semi-finished product has been produced, sintered to magnesium oxide by thermal treatment in an oxidizing atmosphere.
  • the semi-finished product is used in a device for cooling, the semi-finished product having hygroscopic properties and serving as a reservoir for water.
  • the water stored in the semifinished product is evaporated by supplying heat, preferably by microwaves, and when a predetermined pressure is reached it is fed via a throttle to a relaxation space, as a result of which it is cooled. After pressure equalization between the relaxation space and the semi-finished product, the water is transported back into the semi-finished product by the hygroscopic effect. Now the water can be evaporated again. Due to the large reaction surface A large evaporation rate of the semi-finished product according to the invention can be achieved, in particular when using microwaves for the supply of heat. This makes such a device for refrigeration particularly economical.
  • a heat pipe tube can also be used instead of microwaves. During throttle relaxation, the water can be cooled down to such an extent that it freezes over.
  • the semi-finished product according to the invention serves as a static mixer in a hermetically sealed water desalination plant.
  • a water desalination plant air circulating in a quasi-adiabatic wash is moistened by salt or brackish water and then dehumidified in a heat exchanger which is cooled on the other hand by the salt or brackish water.
  • the resulting distillate is collected as process water.
  • the circulation of the air is preferably caused by its humidification and dehumidification. This saves fans that are otherwise required.
  • the promotion of salt or brackish water can be advantageous by heating caused expansion can be effected, wherein the heating can be carried out by solar energy, for example by a solar collector. Funding according to the expansion principle also has the advantage that suspended and turbid substances contained in the water can be sedimented.
  • the semifinished product is used as a filter, beispielswei ⁇ se as slag melt filter in the 'cottage industry.
  • the semi-finished product according to the invention has the advantage that it is heat-resistant and that the required pore size of the filter can be predetermined by the manufacturing process.
  • the semi-finished product is used for the selective material separation of gases and / or liquids.
  • the semifinished product according to the invention has excellent selective gas separation properties both as a Greenscherr ⁇ n and as a sintered body.
  • a gas or liquid separation layer By mutually closing the channels of the semifinished product, a gas or liquid separation layer (Membra: extremely large surface area) is made available.
  • These properties of the semifinished product according to the invention can also be used for enriching gas fractions in a gas mixture, in particular of O2 or N2 in air.
  • the semifinished product serves as a gas store.
  • Such a honeycomb body can be used in particular for storing oxygen and / or carbon dioxide, in that the honeycomb body consists of barium or barium oxide or these are applied to the honeycomb body, preferably in an engobe. Again, the large reaction surface and the large cross-sectional area of such honeycomb bodies are particularly advantageous.
  • Such a honeycomb body loaded with oxygen can advantageously serve as an oxygen source in a wide variety of fields of application, for example in oxygen therapy or for the oxidation of the reaction products of suspension dryers.
  • such a honeycomb body can be used as a solid hydride storage, in that it consists of magnesium and / or titanium and / or iron or these are applied to the honeycomb body, preferably in an engobe.
  • the above-mentioned advantages of the large reaction and free cross-sectional area also apply here. This also gives a particularly large storage capacity per volume, and quick and safe loading and unloading of the solid hydride storage.
  • the semifinished product according to the invention serves as a catalyst for the selective and non-selective catalytic treatment of a gas stream, in that the semifinished product made of catalytically active substances such as anatase, iron oxide, tungsten trioxide, Cobalt oxide, vanadium pentoxi, copper oxide, chromium oxide, Spi ⁇ nell, oxides of rare earths and the gas stream is passed through the channels of the semi-finished product.
  • catalytically active substances such as anatase, iron oxide, tungsten trioxide, Cobalt oxide, vanadium pentoxi, copper oxide, chromium oxide, Spi ⁇ nell, oxides of rare earths and the gas stream is passed through the channels of the semi-finished product.
  • the large achievable free cross-sectional area and the large reaction surface are also particularly advantageous here.
  • the semi-finished product serves as a structural component. Due to the extremely thin achievable wall thicknesses, the semi-finished product according to the invention provides a very stable structural component of low weight which can be used, for example, in aircraft construction. As a result of the storage properties which exist with the corresponding starting material, this component can simultaneously be used as a solid hydride storage, for example in aircraft or motor vehicles, as a fuel source.
  • the semifinished product according to the invention is used in liquid storage devices.
  • the movement of the liquid in the memory is advantageously restricted, as a result of which unfavorable fluctuations in the weight distribution by moving the liquid gas back and forth are avoided. This is important, for example, in the case of fuel tanks in aircraft.
  • the semifinished product according to the invention serves as a spacer ring for excess quantity. etched catalyst body.
  • the desired shape of the spacer ring is achieved in that strip-shaped semi-finished product is bent around a kiln furniture.
  • the strip-shaped semi-finished product is preferably deformed in a wave-like or zigzag shape by pleating or when expanding, so that the semi-finished product is flexible in the longitudinal direction.
  • This configuration has the advantage that stresses occurring during sintering of the spacer ring do not lead to the spacer ring being destroyed.
  • the kiln furniture provides dimensional stability to contraction during sintering and the wave or zigzag shape gives flexibility when expanding the spacer ring during sintering.
  • a single-layer, unexpanded green shard can also be used as the starting material, which is brought into the wave or zigzag shape, for example, by pleating.
  • the semi-finished product is used as a silencer, optionally combined with an exhaust gas cleaning function.
  • the honeycomb body can either be inserted into the exhaust gas path such that the exhaust gas flows through the channels, or it can be used as a wall coating in the exhaust gas path, the channels of the semi-finished product running perpendicular to the outer wall.
  • an exhaust gas purification function can be maintained at the same time.
  • the semifinished product contains calcium triphosphate (apatite) and a protein which is compatible with an application site, in particular osteopoietin as a bone replacement and restorative.
  • apatite calcium triphosphate
  • osteopoietin as a bone replacement and restorative.
  • This embodiment of the invention can advantageously be used for medical purposes.
  • the well-known property of osteopoetin is used to have a bone-forming effect.
  • Calcium triphosphate corresponds to the natural bone material, so that it is particularly well tolerated and a seamless bone replacement made of uniform material is possible, combined with high stability due to the fine channel structure of up to 1000 channels per square centimeter.
  • the semifinished product according to the invention serves as a fire seal with smoke seal by means of suspension sealing.
  • a honeycomb body according to the invention is used as an insert for the fire closure, suspension, for example, being contained in glass, which is released when a limit temperature is reached by destroying the glass and penetrates into the honeycomb body.
  • the suspension is solidified by the heat introduced by the smoke closes the channels of the honeycomb body.
  • the semifinished product according to the invention is used in a device with a rotating disk-shaped honeycomb body, the sectors of which are alternately exposed to different media flows in terms of process technology.
  • a device with a rotating disk-shaped honeycomb body the sectors of which are alternately exposed to different media flows in terms of process technology.
  • Such devices are used for example in gas humidification and / or dehumidification systems, in absorption devices, as catalysts or heat exchangers. Due to the rotation of the honeycomb body, segments of the honeycomb body are alternately exposed to different media flows, for example hot and cold air in heat exchangers of air conditioning systems.
  • Such honeycomb bodies are usually equipped with an inner drive and inner bearing, which, according to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, can be replaced by an outer drive and preferably also an outer bearing of the honeycomb body. This has the advantage that the drive and bearing are not possibly exposed to aggressive gas flows which could destroy them.
  • the honeycomb body disk is permanently installed, while the inflow and outflow hoods can be rotated relative to the different media flows.
  • the semi-finished product according to the invention is used in an air conditioning and conditioning system.
  • the various properties of the honeycomb body can be used advantageously individually or in combination, for example catalytic properties and filter or gas separation properties for cleaning solvent-containing exhaust air, adsorption and heat exchange properties in air conditioning systems, etc.
  • the invention Semi-finished products in gas processing plants are used to cool gases by dehumidification, which eliminates the need for unsightly cooling towers.
  • the semi-finished product is used as tableware or sanitary ware.
  • Such dishes or ceramics can be produced from the preform stacked to form the basic shape by deep drawing, it being possible for the basic shape to be expanded in the same operation or with the same tool.
  • deep-drawn ceramic vessels such as plates, cups, as well as deep-drawn wash basins, bathtubs, can advantageously be produced.
  • the basic shape can be expanded, for example, by using a vacuum.
  • the semi-finished product is sintered to a ceramic body, as described above.
  • the semi-finished product is used as an electrode in electrolysis devices or in a fireplace insert such as an accumulator or battery. This configuration has the advantage that the electrode has an extremely large reaction surface, which also brings about good heat dissipation.
  • the semifinished product is formed from a photo semiconductor such as TiO 2, gallium or germanium.
  • a photo semiconductor such as TiO 2, gallium or germanium.
  • the semifinished product consists of inorganic, preferably ceramic, translucent or transparent material and is used as a heat radiation absorber in that the semifinished product is arranged on a surface plate which is darkened on the surface or throughout, preferably also made of ceramic material .
  • heat radiation absorbers which are based on the principle of polar bear fur, are known per se. However, these are not heat-resistant or not weatherproof, since they are either made of plastic or made of glass. Due to the honeycomb body made of ceramic material according to the invention, however, such a heat radiation absorber is heat-resistant, weatherproof and comparatively light.
  • the dark, in particular black, base area provides high heat absorption, while the channels of the honeycomb body reduce the re-radiation of the absorbed heat.
  • the transparency of the ceramic material enables beam absorption at any angle of incidence.
  • the dark base plate replaces the skin of the polar bear, while the honeycomb body replaces the hair of the polar bear fur.
  • Such a heat radiation absorber can advantageously be used as a focus receiver in solar energy systems, since it is heat-resistant and therefore does not have to be cooled. It can therefore also be used for direct oil refining in the focus receiver of a solar energy system.
  • the use of non-oxide ceramics is particularly advantageous since it has a particularly high heat resistance.
  • Such a heat radiation absorber can advantageously also be operated in combination with a heat engine.
  • a heat engine can be, for example, a Stirling engine that is heated directly or indirectly, or a steam turbine or other steam-operated machine, the steam being generated in the focus receiver or a heat transfer medium being heated, which generates steam elsewhere.
  • a heat radiation absorber is used as the facade cladding of buildings.
  • the heat radiation absorber is preferably used at the same time as thermal insulation and for heat energy generation.
  • such a heat radiation absorber is installed transversely to the facade of a building.
  • this is used exclusively for heat energy generation, for example by extending the base plate and / or the honeycomb body into the interior of the building, where they serve as a heating element, for example a hotplate.
  • this embodiment can also be used for other heat energy generation.
  • such a heat radiation absorber is used for heat insulation, in that the semifinished product is arranged between two sheets which are colored dark on the surface or throughout.
  • the honeycomb body takes the place of the otherwise usual mineral wool, which is physiologically questionable.
  • the honeycomb structure provides not only the insulator effect but also a high mechanical strength, especially if the channels of the semi-finished product run perpendicular to the dark colored plates.
  • the thermal insulation is based on the high reflection in the channels of the semi-finished product, which can be increased further by the fact that, like the inside of the base plates, this is combined with a layer reflecting heat radiation. are seen. In this way, such thermal insulation is also particularly suitable for use as a heat shield in spacecraft, where particularly high mechanical stability is required.
  • the semifinished product according to the invention serves as a solid hydride storage in a cycle with metal hydrides of different formation and decomposition temperatures, also in connection with a heat engine.
  • hydrogen is expelled from a metal hydride storage by heating and fed to a second solid hydride storage which binds the hydrogen.
  • the solid hydride storage at a high formation and decomposition temperature for example magnesium honeycomb body, is preferably heated in connection with an inventive heat radiation absorber, in particular by solar energy, and the hydrogen is driven off.
  • This hydrogen is fed to a second solid hydride storage with a low formation and decomposition temperature, for example titanium iron honeycomb bodies, where it is in turn bound.
  • the hydrogen stored therein can already be driven off at a low temperature, for example by waste water heat, and can be returned to the solid hydride storage at a high formation temperature.
  • the heat energy released during adsorption can either be supplied to heat engines or used directly as heating energy.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

Un procédé de fabrication de produits semi-finis avec une pluralité de canaux de préférence parallèles sur au moins un plan, notamment des structures en nid d'abeilles, comprend les étapes suivantes: le façonnage d'une pré-forme plate dans les matériaux dont se compose le produit semi-fini voulu, ou leurs précurseurs; l'empilage de sections lisses ou préformées de cette pré-forme, qui sont reliées de préférence le long de lignes parallèles, de façon à obtenir une forme de base; et l'élargissement plastique de la forme de base par étirage dans une direction perpendiculaire aux lignes de préférence parallèles, de façon à former des canaux entre les zones non reliées des sections de la pré-forme. Ces produits semi-finis peuvent être avantageusement utilisés par exemple dans des absorbeurs, humidificateurs ou déshydrateurs de gaz. Filtres, catalyseurs, coupe-feux et éléments de structures.
PCT/DE1990/000736 1989-09-27 1990-09-27 Procede de fabrication de produits semi-finis et leur utilisation Ceased WO1991004779A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP3932211.4 1989-09-27
DE3932211 1989-09-27
DE4010072 1990-03-29
DEP4010072.3 1990-03-29
DEP4019346.2 1990-06-18
DE4019346 1990-06-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1991004779A1 true WO1991004779A1 (fr) 1991-04-18

Family

ID=27200261

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE1990/000736 Ceased WO1991004779A1 (fr) 1989-09-27 1990-09-27 Procede de fabrication de produits semi-finis et leur utilisation

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU6418990A (fr)
DE (1) DE4030626A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1991004779A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102014006379A1 (de) 2014-05-05 2015-11-05 Gkn Sinter Metals Engineering Gmbh Wasserstoffspeichernde Komponenten aus Schlicker nebst Vorrichtung und Verfahren dafür

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB628180A (en) * 1946-07-24 1949-08-24 George May Improvements in or relating to structural elements made from paper and like sheets
US3210233A (en) * 1962-08-27 1965-10-05 Mcdonnell Aircraft Corp Heat insulating and ablative structure and method of making same
US3321355A (en) * 1964-04-20 1967-05-23 Hexcel Products Inc Fabric reinforced plastic product and method of making same
US3661644A (en) * 1966-12-19 1972-05-09 Mc Donnell Douglas Corp Battery construction having a honeycomb matrix with cells filled with different electrode materials
US3840425A (en) * 1972-03-31 1974-10-08 Avco Corp Reticulated fire protecting structure
US4767656A (en) * 1984-01-09 1988-08-30 The Boeing Company Composite material structure with integral fire protection
DE3809350A1 (de) * 1988-03-19 1989-09-28 Hoechst Ceram Tec Ag Verfahren zur erhoehung der brennschwindung von keramischen foliengiessmassen
DE3809694A1 (de) * 1988-03-23 1989-10-05 Hoechst Ceram Tec Ag Verfahren zur herstellung eines trennmittels zum mehrlagigen brennen von keramikfolien
DE3840137C1 (fr) * 1988-11-29 1990-03-29 Feldmuehle Ag, 4000 Duesseldorf, De
US4921744A (en) * 1988-01-27 1990-05-01 Ube Industries, Ltd. Honeycomb structure of aromatic polyimide
US4921616A (en) * 1986-03-19 1990-05-01 Ceramiques Et Composites Alveolar ceramic filters for high melting metals
US4921745A (en) * 1987-12-25 1990-05-01 Ube Industries, Ltd. Honeycomb structure of aromatic polyimide

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB628180A (en) * 1946-07-24 1949-08-24 George May Improvements in or relating to structural elements made from paper and like sheets
US3210233A (en) * 1962-08-27 1965-10-05 Mcdonnell Aircraft Corp Heat insulating and ablative structure and method of making same
US3321355A (en) * 1964-04-20 1967-05-23 Hexcel Products Inc Fabric reinforced plastic product and method of making same
US3661644A (en) * 1966-12-19 1972-05-09 Mc Donnell Douglas Corp Battery construction having a honeycomb matrix with cells filled with different electrode materials
US3840425A (en) * 1972-03-31 1974-10-08 Avco Corp Reticulated fire protecting structure
US4767656A (en) * 1984-01-09 1988-08-30 The Boeing Company Composite material structure with integral fire protection
US4921616A (en) * 1986-03-19 1990-05-01 Ceramiques Et Composites Alveolar ceramic filters for high melting metals
US4921745A (en) * 1987-12-25 1990-05-01 Ube Industries, Ltd. Honeycomb structure of aromatic polyimide
US4921744A (en) * 1988-01-27 1990-05-01 Ube Industries, Ltd. Honeycomb structure of aromatic polyimide
DE3809350A1 (de) * 1988-03-19 1989-09-28 Hoechst Ceram Tec Ag Verfahren zur erhoehung der brennschwindung von keramischen foliengiessmassen
DE3809694A1 (de) * 1988-03-23 1989-10-05 Hoechst Ceram Tec Ag Verfahren zur herstellung eines trennmittels zum mehrlagigen brennen von keramikfolien
DE3840137C1 (fr) * 1988-11-29 1990-03-29 Feldmuehle Ag, 4000 Duesseldorf, De

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU6418990A (en) 1991-04-28
DE4030626A1 (de) 1991-05-29

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP3877633B1 (fr) Filtre à particules catalytiquement actif ayant une efficacité de filtration élevée
DE60027688T3 (de) Honigwabenstruktur mit gewellter wandung und verfahren zu deren herstellung
JP6833787B2 (ja) 基板の改善された製造のための組成
DE10323607B4 (de) Vorrichtung zur Reinigung von Abgasen eines Verbrennungsmotors
DE102010009449B4 (de) Wabenfilter
DE3823732C2 (de) Katalysator zum Kracken von Ozon
DE69733302T2 (de) Katalysator zur Abgasreinigung und System zur Abgasreinigung
KR20160093060A (ko) 촉매 워시코트를 포함하는 벽유동형 필터
KR20130105818A (ko) 가스-매개성 조립식 다공성 조립체를 통해 다공성 세라믹 필터 상에 차등층을 적용하는 방법
DE68927770T2 (de) Katalytischer Verbundstoff auf der Basis von Delafosite zur Reinigung von Abgasen und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
JP2017523040A (ja) 触媒を製造するための方法及び触媒物品
EP2095865A1 (fr) Dispositif de réduction de dioxine de Dibenzo, Dibenzo-Furan et d'émissions de particules
DE102014119178A1 (de) Selektive katalytische Reduktionsverfahren unter Verwendung von dotierten Ceroxiden
EP4010114A1 (fr) Substrats de catalyseur à revêtement poreux
DE60218100T2 (de) Katalysator für Fahrzeuge
DE2631092A1 (de) Keramischer wechselschicht- waermetauscher in modulbauweise
EP4015064B1 (fr) Filtre à particules catalytiquement actif à efficacité de filtration élevée
EP2382041B1 (fr) Catalyseur d'oxydation diesel exempt de vanadium, et son procédé de production
DE4028720A1 (de) Keramischer wabenkoerper, enthaltend stoffe mit hoher dielektrozitaetskonstante
WO1991004779A1 (fr) Procede de fabrication de produits semi-finis et leur utilisation
WO2000062906A1 (fr) Procede et dispositif d'epuration de gaz de combustion
KR102756772B1 (ko) 오존 분해 촉매 및 이의 제조방법
EP2145663B1 (fr) Catalyseur destiné à la conversion d'oxyde nitreux et son utilisation dans la fabrication industrielle d'acide nitrique
WO1991013714A1 (fr) Procede de fabrication d'un materiau metallique ou ceramique
DE2202152C3 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Katalysatorträgers zur Entgiftung von Abgasen

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AU BG BR CA FI HU JP KR NO RO SU US

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB IT LU NL SE

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: CA

WR Later publication of a revised version of an international search report