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WO1991013714A1 - Process for manufacturing metallic or ceramic materials - Google Patents

Process for manufacturing metallic or ceramic materials Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1991013714A1
WO1991013714A1 PCT/DE1990/000799 DE9000799W WO9113714A1 WO 1991013714 A1 WO1991013714 A1 WO 1991013714A1 DE 9000799 W DE9000799 W DE 9000799W WO 9113714 A1 WO9113714 A1 WO 9113714A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
honeycomb body
preform
body according
starting material
ceramic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/DE1990/000799
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Klaus Rennebeck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO1991013714A1 publication Critical patent/WO1991013714A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28033—Membrane, sheet, cloth, pad, lamellar or mat
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/40—Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material
    • A61L27/44—Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material having a macromolecular matrix
    • A61L27/46—Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material having a macromolecular matrix with phosphorus-containing inorganic fillers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
    • B01D39/2027—Metallic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
    • B01D39/2068—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
    • B01D67/0039—Inorganic membrane manufacture
    • B01D67/0074—Inorganic membrane manufacture from melts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
    • B01D67/0081—After-treatment of organic or inorganic membranes
    • B01D67/0095—Drying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D71/02—Inorganic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28023—Fibres or filaments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28042—Shaped bodies; Monolithic structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28042—Shaped bodies; Monolithic structures
    • B01J20/28045—Honeycomb or cellular structures; Solid foams or sponges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
    • B01J37/0018—Addition of a binding agent or of material, later completely removed among others as result of heat treatment, leaching or washing,(e.g. forming of pores; protective layer, desintegrating by heat)
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/22—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/0005—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
    • C01B3/001—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes characterised by the uptaking medium; Treatment thereof
    • C01B3/0031—Intermetallic compounds; Metal alloys; Treatment thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • C04B38/06—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by burning-out added substances by burning natural expanding materials or by sublimating or melting out added substances
    • C04B38/063—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B38/0635—Compounding ingredients
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/05—Refining by treating with gases, e.g. gas flushing also refining by means of a material generating gas in situ
    • C22B9/055—Refining by treating with gases, e.g. gas flushing also refining by means of a material generating gas in situ while the metal is circulating, e.g. combined with filtration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
    • B01D2325/10—Catalysts being present on the surface of the membrane or in the pores
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
    • B01D2325/12—Adsorbents being present on the surface of the membranes or in the pores
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
    • B01D2325/22—Thermal or heat-resistance properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00793—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as filters or diaphragms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/0081—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as catalysts or catalyst carriers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00836—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for medical or dental applications
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/52—Sound-insulating materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
    • Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a method for producing metallic or ceramic material, in particular in special forms such as foil, films, membranes, sanitary ceramics or the like.
  • powder metal orgy Even with the powder metal orgy, however, it is not possible to produce structurally stable bodies such as foils, films and membranes with a material thickness less than 0.1 mm.
  • Another disadvantage of powder metallurgy is the high pressure required and the dangerousness of the manufacturing process due to the toxicity of the metals, which can easily get into the human organism due to the powder form.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method which does not have the disadvantages mentioned above in the production of metallic bodies in special shapes such as foils, films and membranes.
  • a further task is to get by with ceramic bodies without complex casting molds and to enable the production of special shapes such as foils, films and membranes.
  • the starting materials of the metallic or ceramic body are molecularly incorporated into, or added to, a flowable, water-free, skin-forming starting material, it is possible to form or pour out a preform or final shape which, through various shaping processes such as deep drawing or pleating, form one Are final formable before the deformability is eliminated by the resulting ceramic structure in the case of ceramics by the thermal treatment.
  • various shaping processes such as deep drawing or pleating, form one Are final formable before the deformability is eliminated by the resulting ceramic structure in the case of ceramics by the thermal treatment.
  • metallic bodies it is this way It is possible to pour or form extremely thin layers as foils or films or membranes before the crystalline structure of the body makes such shaping possible only by means of rolling or whipping, where the above-mentioned disadvantages occur, due to the thermal treatment.
  • the method according to the invention thus offers the possibility of bringing ceramic bodies such as sanitary ware or dishes as green cullet into the desired final shape, for example by deep drawing, and only then producing the ceramic state in which the body is no longer deformable by thermal treatment.
  • the volatile constituents of the starting material are released, while the basic ceramic materials are converted to ceramic.
  • the thermal treatment of the preform can take place either in a neutral, oxidizing or reducing atmosphere, so that, for example in the case of metallic constituents of the starting material, a metallic body is formed by thermal treatment in a reducing atmosphere, while an oxide- or non-oxide-ceramic body is produced when treating in an oxidizing atmosphere. It can also be burned in a reducing or oxidizing or neutral manner.
  • latent energy can be used instead of or in addition to sensitive thermal energy - 5 -
  • thermal energy are used, i.e. so using superheated steam.
  • latent thermal energy By treatment with latent thermal energy, the necessary sintering temperature can be reduced by a few 100 °, which results in great energy savings.
  • the preform is formed by extrusion, the preform preferably being extruded in the form of elongated hollow bodies.
  • a material known / experienced in the plastics field can advantageously be used to produce special shapes such as foils, films and membranes from metallic or ceramic material.
  • the elongated hollow bodies formed by extrusion can advantageously be joined together to form a honeycomb body in accordance with a further embodiment of the invention.
  • a ceramic or metallic honeycomb body can be achieved, which is characterized in particular by a very large inner surface, very large free-sectional area and small wall thickness of the honeycomb.
  • Ceramic honeycomb bodies also have the advantage of high heat resistance, which is necessary in the field of exhaust gas catalysts.
  • the hollow bodies produced during extrusion are alternately closed on one side and on the other side during extrusion.
  • This embodiment has the advantage that the honeycomb bodies produced in this way have different media on the two free-cut sides. flow can be acted upon, which do not come into contact with each other or only to the extent that permeation through the honeycomb wall is provided.
  • the preform is shaped into a final shape by a shaping process such as deep drawing.
  • a shaping process such as deep drawing.
  • the final shape of the ceramic body can advantageously be formed before the thermal treatment, in particular in the field of sanitary ceramics, but also in the case of crockery, due to the properties of the starting material, namely that it is sufficiently stable, if necessary after drying is to design such shapes.
  • a final shape produced in this way is then converted to the ceramic or metallic product by thermal treatment. This may eliminate the need for very expensive molds for the desired end products.
  • organic metal compounds, organic rare earth compounds, in particular as polymers, metal gels or metal sol gels serve as the starting material.
  • These flowable, water-free substances are also skin-forming and contain, in addition to volatile components such as alcohol, metals or ceramic raw materials, either molecularly integrated or as an admixture.
  • the thermal treatment of the preform for example a metal-organic compound, the organic residue is evaporated as a volatile part of the starting material, while the metal either crystallizes out or is converted into a ceramic material.
  • Various metals can also be contained in the starting material, for example magnesium and aluminum, in which MgAl2 ⁇ 4 (spinel) is formed by oxidizing thermal treatment.
  • the starting material for the preform is produced in a one-pot process.
  • all substances necessary for the starting material are advantageously brought together in a three-necked flask.
  • magnesium chloride and silane are added to it. Magnesium hydride and silicon chloride are formed from these starting materials, releasing monosilane and settling tetrahydrofuran.
  • the tetrahydrofuran serves as a catalyst for the gentle hydrogenation of magnesium hydride
  • the tetrahydrofuran separated off after the reaction can contain silicon, chlorine and magnesium and can therefore be used as a starting material for the preform of a metallic or ceramic body is formed by thermal treatment of this preform.
  • other metals or ceramic base materials can also be added to the three-necked flask, which together with the tetrahydrofuran serve as the starting material for the preform in order to form a corresponding metallic or ceramic body.
  • the advantage of this method is that, in addition to a starting material for the formation of a ceramic or metallic body, two further valuable substances are obtained at the same time, namely magnesium hydride Solid hydride storage and on the other hand monosilane as a gaseous starting material for the production of high-purity crystalline silicon.
  • An advantageous use of a body produced by the method according to the invention is its use as an absorber for gaseous or aerosol substances, in particular pollutants such as HCl, HF, S0 X , C0 X , N0 X , NH X and amalgam.
  • a body is obtained from a substance absorbing the above-mentioned substances, such as MgO, MgOH, CaO, CaOH, etc.
  • the starting material from which the preform or the final form is produced may contain magnesium oxide, so that the body formed therefrom also contains magnesium oxide as green fragments or a ceramic sintered body made of magnesium is obtained by thermal treatment.
  • This body can absorb gaseous HCl, for example, and collect it in the form of magnesium chloride.
  • a ceramic sintered body made of magnesium oxide can also be obtained by using magnesium alcoholate as the starting material for the preform or final shape and by thermally treating the body in an oxidizing atmosphere. The same applies to other starting materials such as Al, Ca, etc.
  • the body according to the invention serves as an adsorber, in particular of water for gas humidification and / or dehumidification, in that the starting materials of the body are known hygroscopic materials such as magnesium perchlorate, phosphorus pentoxide, silicate, zeolite, aluminosilicate , Carbonate carbon, sodium chloride, polysaccharides and the same included.
  • the gas to be treated is passed over the body and either releases or absorbs water from it.
  • the water to be released is adsorbed by the hygroscopic substances in the body or in the body.
  • gas humidification water adsorbed by the body is released into the gas.
  • the hygroscopic materials are preferably added to the starting materials as a powder, and if necessary an oxidation can take place during the thermal treatment.
  • both the large free cross-sectional area and the large reaction surface are advantageous since this favors loading and unloading with the substance to be adsorbed. The same naturally also applies when used as an absorber.
  • the body is used as a filter, for example as a molten metal or slag-melt filter in the metallurgical industry.
  • the body of the invention has the advantage that it is heat-resistant and that the required. ren size of the filter can be predetermined by the manufacturing process.
  • the body is used for the selective separation of gases and / or liquids.
  • the body according to the invention has excellent selective gas separation properties both as green cullet and in the fired state.
  • the body serves as a gas store.
  • a body according to the invention can be used in particular for storing oxygen and / or carbon dioxide, in that the body consists of barium or barium oxide.
  • the large reaction surface and the large free-sectional area are particularly advantageous in the case of honeycomb bodies according to the invention.
  • Such a honeycomb body loaded with oxygen can advantageously serve as an oxygen source in a wide variety of fields of application, for example in oxygen therapy or for the oxidation of the reaction products of suspension dryers.
  • Such a honeycomb body can also be used as a solid hydride storage, in that it consists of magnesium and / or titanium and / or iron or these are applied to the honeycomb body, preferably in an engobe.
  • the above-mentioned advantages of the large reaction and free cross-sectional area also apply here. This also gives a particularly large storage capacity per volume, and quick and safe loading and unloading of the solid hydride storage device.
  • the body according to the invention serves as a catalyst for the selective and non-selective catalytic treatment of a gas stream, in that the body consists of a catalytically active - 11 -
  • the gas flow is passed over the body or through the channels of a honeycomb body according to the invention.
  • the large achievable free cross-sectional area and the large reaction surface of the honeycomb body are also particularly advantageous here.
  • the body produced according to the invention serves as packaging material.
  • metal and ceramic foils can be used as packaging material in a particularly low material thickness.
  • a body produced according to the invention serves as tableware or sanitary ware, into which the preform is shaped before the thermal treatment.
  • the preform can be shaped into a final shape, for example a cup or a wash basin, by molding processes known from the plastics sector, such as deep drawing, since the green cullet has sufficient stability due to the properties of the starting materials.
  • the body produced according to the invention serves as a spacer ring for composite catalyst bodies, the shape being preferably undulated by pleating and placed before the thermal treatment around a firing aid with an outer diameter corresponding to the desired inner diameter of the spacer ring becomes.
  • a ceramic spacer ring can be formed, the final shape of which is predetermined by the firing aid and which, during the firing process, survives expansion and contraction movements without damage due to the wave-like deformation.
  • the body produced according to the invention serves as a structural component. Due to the extremely thin material thicknesses that can be achieved, the body according to the invention, in particular in the honeycomb structure, provides a very stable structural component of low weight that can be used, for example, in aircraft construction. Due to the existing storage properties with the corresponding starting material, this component can simultaneously be used as a solid hydride storage, for example in aircraft or motor vehicles, as a fuel source.
  • the honeycomb body according to the invention serves as an insert in liquid stores.
  • the movement of the liquid in the memory is advantageously restricted, as a result of which unfavorable fluctuations in the weight distribution are avoided by moving the liquid back and forth. This is important, for example, in the case of fuel tanks in aircraft.
  • the honeycomb body according to the invention is used as a silencer, optionally combined with an exhaust gas cleaning function.
  • the honeycomb body can either are inserted into the exhaust gas path in such a way that the exhaust gas flows through the channels, or else it can be used as a wall coating in the exhaust gas path, the channels of the honeycomb body running perpendicular to the outer wall.
  • Be ⁇ use of catalyst material for the honeycomb body can gleich ⁇ time an exhaust gas purification function are obtained.
  • the advantage is that there is a very large free cross-sectional area when flowing through, which results in a very low dynamic pressure. In the second case, the dynamic pressure is also low, and here the sound attenuation from the resonator effect of the channels in connection with de :. Porosity of the material results.
  • the honeycomb body contains calcium triphosphate (apatite) and a protein which is compatible with the application site, in particular osteopoietin as a bone replacement and building-up agent.
  • apatite calcium triphosphate
  • osteopoietin as a bone replacement and building-up agent
  • This embodiment of the invention can advantageously be used for medical purposes.
  • the well-known property of osteopoetin is used to have a bone-forming effect.
  • Calcium triphosphate corresponds to the natural bone material, so that it is particularly well tolerated and a seamless bone replacement made of uniform material is possible, combined with high stability due to the fine honeycomb structure.
  • the honeycomb body according to the invention serves as a fire seal with smoke seal by means of suspension sealing.
  • a honeycomb body according to the invention is used as an insert for the fire closure, with above the honeycomb body, for example, a glass enclosed with glass. * ami- See starting materials formed suspension is stored, which is released when a limit temperature is reached by destroying the glass and penetrates into the channels of the honeycomb body. Due to the heat introduced by the smoke, the suspension is solidified and closes the channels of the honeycomb body.
  • This configuration has the advantage that there is a safe fire shutdown with simultaneous smoke shutoff, while gas can pass through the honeycomb body before the suspension is released, for example in air conditioning systems.
  • the honeycomb body according to the invention is used in a device with a rotating disk-shaped honeycomb body, the sectors of which are alternately exposed to different media flows in terms of process technology.
  • Devices of this type are used, for example, in gas humidification and / or dehumidification systems, in absorption devices, as catalysts or heat exchangers. Due to the rotation of the honeycomb body, segments of the honeycomb body are alternately exposed to different media flows, for example warm and cold air in heat exchangers of air conditioning systems.
  • Such honeycomb bodies are usually equipped with an internal drive and internal bearing, which, according to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, can be replaced by an external drive and preferably also an external bearing of the honeycomb body. This has the advantage that the drive and the bearing are not possibly exposed to aggressive gas flows which could destroy them.
  • the honeycomb body disk is permanently installed, while the inflow and outflow hoods can be rotated relative to the different media flows.
  • the honeycomb body according to the invention is used in an air conditioning and conditioning system.
  • the various properties of the honeycomb body can be used advantageously individually or in combination, for example catalytic properties and filter or gas separation properties for cleaning solvent-containing exhaust air, adsorption and heat exchange properties in air conditioning systems, etc.
  • the semifinished product according to the invention can also be used in Gas conditioning systems are used to cool gases by dehumidification, which eliminates the need for unsightly cooling towers.
  • the honeycomb body consists of inorganic, preferably ceramic, translucent or transparent material and is used as a heat radiation absorber by placing the semifinished product on a surface plate that is dark or colored throughout, preferably also made of ceramic Material is arranged.
  • heat radiation absorbers which are based on the principle of the polar bear skin, are known per se. However, these are not heat-resistant or not weatherproof, since they consist of either plastic or glass.
  • due to the honeycomb body made of ceramic material according to the invention such a heat radiation absorber is heat-resistant, weatherproof and comparatively light.
  • the dark black base in particular has a high heat absorption, while the channels of the honeycomb body reduce the re-radiation of the absorbed heat.
  • the transparency of the ceramic material enables beam absorption at any angle of incidence.
  • the dark base plate replaces the skin of the polar bear, while the honeycomb body replaces the hair of the polar bear fur.
  • Such a heat radiation absorber can advantageously be used as a focus receiver in solar energy systems, since it is heat-resistant and therefore does not have to be cooled. It can therefore also be used for direct oil refining in the focus receiver of a solar energy system.
  • the use of non-oxide ceramics is particularly advantageous since it has a particularly high heat resistance.
  • Such a heat radiation absorber can advantageously also be operated in combination with a heat engine.
  • a heat engine can be, for example, a Stirling engine which is heated directly or indirectly, or a steam turbine or other steam-operated machine, the steam being generated in the focus receiver or a heat transfer medium being heated which produces steam elsewhere.
  • such a heat radiation absorber is used as the facade cladding of buildings.
  • the heat radiation absorber is preferably used at the same time as heat insulation and for heat energy generation.
  • such a heat radiation absorber is installed transversely to the facade of a building.
  • this is used exclusively for heat energy generation, for example by extending the base plate and / or the honeycomb body into the interior of the building, where they serve as a heating element, for example a hotplate.
  • this embodiment can also be used for other heat energy generation.
  • such a heat radiation absorber is used for heat insulation, in that the honeycomb body is arranged between two sheets which are dark or colored dark on the surface.
  • the honeycomb body replaces the otherwise usual mineral wool, which is physiologically questionable.
  • the thermal insulation is based on the high reflection in the channels of the honeycomb body, which can be increased further by providing this, like the inner sides of the base plates, with a layer reflecting heat radiation. This results in such thermal insulation Also particularly suitable for use as a heat shield in space vehicles, where particularly high mechanical stability is required.
  • the honeycomb body according to the invention serves as a solid hydride storage in a cycle with metal hydrides of different formation and decomposition temperatures, also in connection with a heat engine.
  • hydrogen is expelled from a metal hydride storage by heating and fed to a second solid hydride storage which binds the hydrogen.
  • the solid hydride storage at a high formation and decomposition temperature for example magnesium honeycomb body, is preferably heated in connection with an inventive heat radiation absorber, in particular by solar energy, and the hydrogen is driven off.
  • This hydrogen is fed to a second solid hydride store with a low formation and decomposition temperature, for example titanium iron honeycomb bodies, where it is in turn bound.
  • the hydrogen stored therein can already be driven off at a low temperature, for example by waste water heat, and can be returned to the solid hydride storage at a high formation temperature.
  • the heat energy released during adsorption can either be supplied to heat engines or used directly as heating energy.
  • the advantage of the honeycomb body according to the invention is that a large reaction surface is made available and the memory can be loaded and unloaded better than conventional memories.
  • the honeycomb body according to the invention serves as a heat store in that the honeycomb body consists of zeolite.
  • the honeycomb body consists of zeolite.
  • the honeycomb body releases heat which is available for recycling.
  • the water can be expelled from the honeycomb body again by supplying heat, so that the honeycomb body can serve as a heat store. Due to the large reaction surface and the large free cross-sectional area, the loading and unloading of the honeycomb body with water is particularly favored.
  • the honeycomb body made of zeolite is used for water desalination, in that the honeycomb body is combined with a distillation device for the water vapor generated when water is added. Sea water or brackish water can be purified and desalted in this way, the solar energy available in dry areas being able to drive out water absorbed in the honeycomb body, which then, for example, at night again for the desalination of brackish water Available.
  • the body according to the invention serves as a brake lining or brake disc, the preform preferably being deformed in a wave-like manner by pleating and several such preforms pressed onto one another or fixedly connected to one another in another way before the thermal treatment.
  • the preform preferably being deformed in a wave-like manner by pleating and several such preforms pressed onto one another or fixedly connected to one another in another way before the thermal treatment.
  • particularly heat-resistant and stable brake linings can be produced, which, in particular according to a further development of the invention, can be improved both in terms of their braking action and in terms of their stability by incorporating heat-resistant fiber material.
  • the advantage of the wave-shaped design of the preforms is that long fibers cannot be loosened from the material when grinding the brake discs or brake pads, since these are embedded along the film plane and are divided into short pieces during grinding. Cordierite, asbestos or coal can therefore advantageously be used as the fiber material, although no health-damaging effect can occur even with asbestos, since this is only given
  • a honeycomb body according to the invention serves as a lining or firing aid for thermal treatment rooms.
  • a lining has the advantage of low weight and at the same time great heat resistance, which ensures rapid heating and thus energy savings in the thermal treatment.

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Abstract

In a process for manufacturing specially shaped metallic or ceramic bodies, such as sheets, films, membranes, ceramic sanitary ware or the like, a preform or end form is moulded or cast from a free-flowing, anhydrous, skin-forming starting material. The starting material for this preform or end form contains and/or is admixed with molecularly bonded metals or inorganic ceramic base materials. This preform or end form is dried if necessary and then treated with sensible and/or latent heat energy in a neutral, reducing or oxidizing atmosphere so that the molecularly bound and/or admixed substances are converted to a metallic body or to an oxide or non-oxide ceramic, with release of the volatile organic ingredients of the starting material.

Description

Verfahren zur Herstellung metallischen oder keramischen MaterialsProcess for the production of metallic or ceramic material

Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Verfahren zur Herstellung metalllischen oder keramischen Materials, insbesondere in Sonderformen wie Folie, Filme, Membran, Sanitärkeramik oder dergleichen.The invention is based on a method for producing metallic or ceramic material, in particular in special forms such as foil, films, membranes, sanitary ceramics or the like.

Bei bekannten Verfahren ist zu unterscheiden zwischen Verfahren zur Herstellung von metallischem Material in Sonderformen und Verfahren zur Herstellung von keramischem Material in Sonderformen. ''erfahren zur Herstellung von metallischem Material in £ nderformen sind insbesondere Walzen, Schlagen und die Pulvermetallurgie. Die Pulver¬ metallurgie wird insbesondere bei schwierig herzustellen- den Oberflächen und/oder bei schwer kombinierbaren Materialien eingesetzt. Durch Walzen und Schlagen werden Metallfolien hergestellt.In known methods, a distinction must be made between methods for producing metallic material in special forms and methods for producing ceramic material in special forms. '' Experienced in the manufacture of metallic material in various forms are in particular rolling, beating and powder metallurgy. The powder metallurgy is particularly difficult to manufacture. the surfaces and / or used for materials that are difficult to combine. Metal foils are produced by rolling and beating.

Die Verfahren zur Herstellung metallischer Körper in Sonderformen wie Folien, Membranen oder dergleichen weisen den Nachteil auf, daß beim Walzen oder Schlagen der hier¬ bei festen Ausgangsstoffe der erreichbaren Materialstärke der Vorform oder Endform nach unten Grenzen gesetzt sind, welche den Einsatzbereich derartiger Körper einschränken. So können beim Walzen Materialstärken nur bis zu 0,02 mm hinab realisiert werden und beim Schlagen maximal bis zu 0,018 mm hinab. In bestimmten Anwendungsfällen wie bei¬ spielsweise als Membranen werden jedoch weitaus dünnere Materialstärken benötigt, um eine ausreichende Permeation zu gewährleisten. Für derartige Anwendungszwecke ebenso wie für die Herstellung von Körpern aus speziellen Legierungen muß auf die Pulvermetallurgie zurückgegriffen werden, also auf ein recht aufwendiges Verfahren. Auch mit der Pulvermetallorgie ist es aber nicht möglich, struktur¬ stabile Körper wie Folie, Filme und Membranen mit einer geringeren Materialstärke als 0,1 mm herzustellen. Ein weiterer Nachteil der Pulvermetallurgie besteht in den hohen erforderlichen Drücken und in der Gefährlichkeit des Herstellungsverfahrens aufgrund der Toxizität der Metalle, welche aufgrund der Pulverform leicht in den menschlichen Organismus gelangen können.The processes for the production of metallic bodies in special shapes such as foils, membranes or the like have the disadvantage that when rolling or striking the starting materials which are solid here, the achievable material thickness of the preform or final shape has lower limits which limit the area of use of such bodies. For example, material thicknesses of up to 0.02 mm can be achieved when rolling and down to a maximum of 0.018 mm when hitting. In certain applications, such as membranes, however, much thinner material thicknesses are required to ensure adequate permeation. For such applications as well as for the production of bodies from special alloys, powder metallurgy has to be used, that is to say a very complex process. Even with the powder metal orgy, however, it is not possible to produce structurally stable bodies such as foils, films and membranes with a material thickness less than 0.1 mm. Another disadvantage of powder metallurgy is the high pressure required and the dangerousness of the manufacturing process due to the toxicity of the metals, which can easily get into the human organism due to the powder form.

Verfahren zur Herstellung keramischer Körper in Sonder¬ formen wie Folien, Filme oder Membranen sind nicht be¬ kannt. Bekannte Verfahren zur Herstellung von kermamischen Körpern wie das Schlickergußverfahren weisen den Nachteil auf, daß die Formung des keramischen Körpers nur über eine Gußform erfolgen kann, da nach Erhalt der Formstabilität durch thermische Behandlung wie Sintern eine Verformung des keramischem Körpers nicht mehr möglich ist. Es sind daher zum Teil sehr aufwendige und komplizierte Gußformen erforderlich, um Keramikkörper in der gewünschten Form zu erhalten, beispielsweise im Sanitärbereich und bei Geschirr.Processes for the production of ceramic bodies in special shapes such as foils, films or membranes are not known. Known processes for the production of ceramic bodies, such as the slip casting process, have the disadvantage that the shaping of the ceramic body can only take place via a casting mold, since after the shape stability has been maintained by thermal treatment such as sintering, deformation of the ceramic body is no longer possible. Very complex and complicated molds are therefore sometimes required in order to obtain ceramic bodies in the desired shape, for example in the sanitary area and for dishes.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Ver¬ fahren anzugeben, welches die obengenannten Nachteile bei der Herstellung metallischer Körper in Sonderformen wie Folien, Filmen und Membranen nicht aufweist. Eine weitere Aufgabe besteht darin, bei keramischen Körpern ohne auf¬ wendige Gießformen auszukommen und die Herstellung von Sonderformen wie Folien, Filme und Membranen zu ermög¬ lichen.The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method which does not have the disadvantages mentioned above in the production of metallic bodies in special shapes such as foils, films and membranes. A further task is to get by with ceramic bodies without complex casting molds and to enable the production of special shapes such as foils, films and membranes.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs gelöst.This object is achieved by the method according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim.

Dadurch daß die Ausgangsstoffe des metallischen oder keramischen Körpers in einen fließfähigen, wasserfreien, hautbildenden Ausgangsstoff molekular eingebunden oder diesem beigemengt sind, ist es möglich, eine Vorform oder Endform auszuformen oder auszugießen, welche durch ver¬ schiedene Formgebungsverfahren wie Tiefziehen oder Plis¬ sieren zu einer Endform formbar sind, bevor im Falle der Keramik durch die thermische Behandlung die Verformbarkeit durch die entstehende keramische Struktur aufgehoben wird. Im Fall von metallischen Körpern ist es auf diese Art möglich, äußerst dünne Schichten als Folien oder Filme oder Membranen auszugießen oder auszuformen, bevor durch die thermische Behandlung die kristalline Struktur des Körpers ein solches Ausformen nur noch mittels Walzen oder Schlagen möglich macht, wo die obengenannten Nachteile auftreten.Because the starting materials of the metallic or ceramic body are molecularly incorporated into, or added to, a flowable, water-free, skin-forming starting material, it is possible to form or pour out a preform or final shape which, through various shaping processes such as deep drawing or pleating, form one Are final formable before the deformability is eliminated by the resulting ceramic structure in the case of ceramics by the thermal treatment. In the case of metallic bodies, it is this way It is possible to pour or form extremely thin layers as foils or films or membranes before the crystalline structure of the body makes such shaping possible only by means of rolling or whipping, where the above-mentioned disadvantages occur, due to the thermal treatment.

Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ergibt sich also die Möglichkeit, keramische Körper wie Sanitärkeramik oder Geschirr als Grünscherben beispielsweise durch Tiefziehen in die gewünschte Endform zu bringen und erst anschließend durch thermische Behandlung den keramischen Zustand her¬ zustellen, in welchem der Körper nicht mehr verformbar ist. Bei der thermischen Behandlung des Grünscherbens werden die flüchtigen Bestandteile des Ausgangsstoffes freigegeben, während die Keramikgrundstoffe zur Keramik umgewandelt werden. Dasselbe gilt für das Verfahren zur Herstellung metallischer Körper, bei welchem ebenfalls die flüchtigen Stoffe freigegeben werden und die Metallanteile des Ausgangsstoffes zu einem Festkörper kristallisieren.The method according to the invention thus offers the possibility of bringing ceramic bodies such as sanitary ware or dishes as green cullet into the desired final shape, for example by deep drawing, and only then producing the ceramic state in which the body is no longer deformable by thermal treatment. During the thermal treatment of the green body, the volatile constituents of the starting material are released, while the basic ceramic materials are converted to ceramic. The same applies to the process for the production of metallic bodies, in which the volatile substances are also released and the metal parts of the starting material crystallize into a solid.

Die thermische Behandlung der Vorform kann entweder in neutraler, oxidierender oder reduzierender Atmosphäre stattfinden, so daß beispielsweise bei metallischen Bestandteilen des Ausgangsstoffes durch thermische Behandlung in reduzierender Atmosphäre ein metallischer Körper entsteht, während bei Behandlung in oxidierender Atmosphäre ein oxid- oder nichtoxidkeramischer Körper entsteht. Es kann zusätzlich auch reduzierend oder oxidierend oder neutral gebrannt werden. Zur Herstellung keramischer Körper kann zudem anstelle von sensibler ther¬ mischer Energie oder zusätzlich zu dieser latente - 5 -The thermal treatment of the preform can take place either in a neutral, oxidizing or reducing atmosphere, so that, for example in the case of metallic constituents of the starting material, a metallic body is formed by thermal treatment in a reducing atmosphere, while an oxide- or non-oxide-ceramic body is produced when treating in an oxidizing atmosphere. It can also be burned in a reducing or oxidizing or neutral manner. To produce ceramic bodies, latent energy can be used instead of or in addition to sensitive thermal energy - 5 -

thermische Energie verwendet werden, d.h. also unter Verwendung von überhitztem Dampf. Durch die Behandlung mit latenter thermischer Energie kann die notwendige Sinter- themperatur um einige 100° gesenkt werden, woraus eine große Energieeinsparung resultiert.thermal energy are used, i.e. so using superheated steam. By treatment with latent thermal energy, the necessary sintering temperature can be reduced by a few 100 °, which results in great energy savings.

Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird die Vorform durch Extrudieren gebildet, wobei die Vorform bevorzugt in Form von länglichen Hohlkörpern extrudiert wird. Gemäß dieser Ausgestaltung kann vorteilhafterweise ein aus dem Kunststoffbereich bekanntes /erfahren ver¬ wendet werden, um Sonderformen wie Folien, Filme und Membranen aus metallischem oder keramischem Material her¬ zustellen. Die durch Extrudieren gebildeten länglichen Hohlkörper können vorteilhafterweise gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung zu einem Wabenkörper zusamme gefügt werden. Hierdurch wird ein keramischer oder metallischer Wabenkörper erzielbar, welcher sich insbeson¬ dere durch eine sehr große innere Oberfläche, sehr große Freiquerschnittsfläche und geringe Wandstärke der Waben auszeichnet. Keramische Wabenkörper haben zudem den Vor¬ teil der hohen Hitzebeständigkeit, was im Bereich von Abgaskatalysatoren erforderlich ist.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the preform is formed by extrusion, the preform preferably being extruded in the form of elongated hollow bodies. According to this embodiment, a material known / experienced in the plastics field can advantageously be used to produce special shapes such as foils, films and membranes from metallic or ceramic material. The elongated hollow bodies formed by extrusion can advantageously be joined together to form a honeycomb body in accordance with a further embodiment of the invention. In this way, a ceramic or metallic honeycomb body can be achieved, which is characterized in particular by a very large inner surface, very large free-sectional area and small wall thickness of the honeycomb. Ceramic honeycomb bodies also have the advantage of high heat resistance, which is necessary in the field of exhaust gas catalysts.

Nach einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung dieser Merkmale werden die beim Extrudieren hergestellten Hohlkörper ab¬ wechselnd auf der einen und auf der anderen Seite beim Extrudieren verschlossen. Diese Ausgestaltung hat den Vorteil, daß die so hergestellten Wabenkörper auf den beiden Freiquerschnittsseiten mit verschiedenen Medien- strömen beaufschlagbar sind, welche nicht miteinander in Berührung kommen oder nur insoweit, als eine Permeation durch die Wabenwand vorgesehen ist.According to an advantageous development of these features, the hollow bodies produced during extrusion are alternately closed on one side and on the other side during extrusion. This embodiment has the advantage that the honeycomb bodies produced in this way have different media on the two free-cut sides. flow can be acted upon, which do not come into contact with each other or only to the extent that permeation through the honeycomb wall is provided.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird die Vorform durch ein Formgebungsverfahren wie Tiefziehen zu einer Endform geformt. Wie bereits oben ausgeführt, kann dadurch insbesondere im Bereich der Sanitärkeramik, aber auch bei Geschirr, vorteilhafterweise die Endform des keramischen Körpers bereits vor der thermischen Behandlung ausgeformt werden und zwar aufgrund der Eigenschaften des Ausgangsstoffes, nämlich daß dieser, gegebenenfalls nach vorheriger Trocknung, ausreichend stabil ist, um solche Formen zu gestalten. Eine derart hergestellte Endform wird dann durch thermische Behandlung zu dem keramischen oder metallischen Produkt umgewandelt. Hierdurch entfallen unter Umständen recht aufwendige Gußformen für die gewünschten Endprodukte.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the preform is shaped into a final shape by a shaping process such as deep drawing. As already explained above, the final shape of the ceramic body can advantageously be formed before the thermal treatment, in particular in the field of sanitary ceramics, but also in the case of crockery, due to the properties of the starting material, namely that it is sufficiently stable, if necessary after drying is to design such shapes. A final shape produced in this way is then converted to the ceramic or metallic product by thermal treatment. This may eliminate the need for very expensive molds for the desired end products.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung dienen als Ausgangsstoff organische Metallver¬ bindungen, organische Seltenerdenverbindungen, insbeson¬ dere als Polymere, Metallgele oder Metallsolgele. Diese fließfähigen wasserfreien Stoffe sind zugleich hautbildend und enthalten neben flüchtigen Anteilen wie Alkohol, Metalle, oder keramische Grundstoffe entweder molekular eingebunden oder als Beimengung. Bei der thermischen Behandlung der Vorform, beispielsweise einer metall¬ organischen Verbindung, wird der organische Rest als flüchtiger Anteil des Ausgangsstoffes verdampft, während das Metall entweder auskristallisiert oder in einen keramischen Werkstoff umgewandelt wird. Hierbei können auch verschiedene Metalle im Ausgangsstoff enthalten sein, beispielsweise Magnesium und Aluminium, bei welchen durch oxidierende thermische Behandlung MgAl2θ4 (Spinell) gebildet wird.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, organic metal compounds, organic rare earth compounds, in particular as polymers, metal gels or metal sol gels, serve as the starting material. These flowable, water-free substances are also skin-forming and contain, in addition to volatile components such as alcohol, metals or ceramic raw materials, either molecularly integrated or as an admixture. In the thermal treatment of the preform, for example a metal-organic compound, the organic residue is evaporated as a volatile part of the starting material, while the metal either crystallizes out or is converted into a ceramic material. Here you can Various metals can also be contained in the starting material, for example magnesium and aluminum, in which MgAl2θ4 (spinel) is formed by oxidizing thermal treatment.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Er¬ findung wird das Ausgangsmaterial für die Vorform im Ein¬ topfverfahren hergestellt. Hierbei werden vorteilhafter¬ weise alle für das Ausgangsmaterial notwendigen Stoffe in einem Dreihalskolben zusammengebracht. Dies ist insbe¬ sondere bei einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Er¬ findung vorteilhaft, bei welcher als Ausgangsstoff Tetra- hydrofuran dient, welchem Magnesiumchlorid und Silan bei¬ gemengt werden. Aus diesen Ausgangsstoffen werden Magnesiumhydrid und Siliziumchlorid gebildet unter Frei¬ setzung von Monosilan und Absetzen von Tetrahydrofuran. Das Tetrahydrofuran dient in dieser Reaktion als Kataly¬ sator zur sanften Hydrierung von Magnesiumhydrid, wobei das nach beendeter Reaktion abgetrennte Tetrahydrofuran Silizium, Chlor und Magnesium enthalten kann und daher als Ausgangsmaterial für die Vorform eines metallischen oder keramischen Körpers verwendet werden kann, der gemäß Anspruch 1 durch thermische Behandlung dieser Vorform gebildet wird. In den Dreihalskolben können aber auch noch weitere Metalle oder keramische Grundstoffe gegeben werden, die zusammen mit dem Tetrahydrofuran als Ausgangs- material für die Vorform dienen, um einen entsprechenden metallischen oder keramischen Körper zu bilden. Der Vor¬ teil dieses Verfahrens besteht darin, daß neben einem Ausgangsstoff für die Bildung eines keramischen oder metallischen Körpers gleichzeitig zwei weitere Wertstoffe gewonnen werden, nämlich zum einen Magnesiumhydrid als Feststoffhydridspeicher und zum anderen Monosilan als gasförmiger Ausgangsstoff für die Herstellung von hoch¬ reinem kristallinem Silizium.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the starting material for the preform is produced in a one-pot process. In this case, all substances necessary for the starting material are advantageously brought together in a three-necked flask. This is particularly advantageous in the case of an advantageous further development of the invention, in which tetrahydrofuran is used as the starting material, and magnesium chloride and silane are added to it. Magnesium hydride and silicon chloride are formed from these starting materials, releasing monosilane and settling tetrahydrofuran. In this reaction, the tetrahydrofuran serves as a catalyst for the gentle hydrogenation of magnesium hydride, the tetrahydrofuran separated off after the reaction can contain silicon, chlorine and magnesium and can therefore be used as a starting material for the preform of a metallic or ceramic body is formed by thermal treatment of this preform. However, other metals or ceramic base materials can also be added to the three-necked flask, which together with the tetrahydrofuran serve as the starting material for the preform in order to form a corresponding metallic or ceramic body. The advantage of this method is that, in addition to a starting material for the formation of a ceramic or metallic body, two further valuable substances are obtained at the same time, namely magnesium hydride Solid hydride storage and on the other hand monosilane as a gaseous starting material for the production of high-purity crystalline silicon.

Eine vorteilhafte Verwendung eines nach dem erfindungs- gemäßen Verfahren hergestellten Körpers besteht in seiner Verwendung als Absorber für gasförmige oder aerosole Stoffe, insbesondere Schadstoffe wie HCl, HF, S0X, C0X, N0X, NHX und Amalgam. Durch entsprechende Wahl der Aus- gangsstoffe wird ein Körper erhalten aus einem die oben¬ genannten Stoffe absorbierenden Stoff wie MgO, MgOH, CaO, CaOH etc.. So kann beispielsweise der Ausgangsstoff, aus der die Vorform oder die Endform hergestellt wird, Magnesiumoxid enthalten, so daß der daraus gebildete Körper als Grünscherben ebenfalls Magnesiumoxid enthält oder durch thermische Behandlung ein keramischer Sinter¬ körper aus Magnesium erhalten wird. Dieser Körper kann beispielsweise gasförmiges HCl absorbieren und in Form von Magnesiumchlorid sammeln. Ein keramischer Sinterkörper aus Magnesiumoxid kann aber auch dadurch erhalten werden, daß Magnesiumalkoholat als Ausgangsstoff für die Vorform oder Endform verwendet wird und der Körper in oxidierender Atmosphäre thermisch behandelt wird. Entsprechendes gilt für andere Ausgangsstoffe wie AI, Ca, etc.An advantageous use of a body produced by the method according to the invention is its use as an absorber for gaseous or aerosol substances, in particular pollutants such as HCl, HF, S0 X , C0 X , N0 X , NH X and amalgam. By appropriately selecting the starting materials, a body is obtained from a substance absorbing the above-mentioned substances, such as MgO, MgOH, CaO, CaOH, etc. For example, the starting material from which the preform or the final form is produced may contain magnesium oxide, so that the body formed therefrom also contains magnesium oxide as green fragments or a ceramic sintered body made of magnesium is obtained by thermal treatment. This body can absorb gaseous HCl, for example, and collect it in the form of magnesium chloride. However, a ceramic sintered body made of magnesium oxide can also be obtained by using magnesium alcoholate as the starting material for the preform or final shape and by thermally treating the body in an oxidizing atmosphere. The same applies to other starting materials such as Al, Ca, etc.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Er¬ findung dient der erfindungsgemäße Körper als Adsorber, insbesondere von Wasser zur Gasbe- und/oder -entfeuchtung, indem die Ausgangsstoffe des Körpers an sich bekannte hygroskopische Materialien wie Magnesiumperchlorat, Phos- phorpentoxid, Silikat, Zeolith, Alumosilikat, Karbonat¬ kohlenstoff, Natriumchlorid, Polysaccharide und der- gleichen enthalten. Das zu behandlende Gas wird über den Körper geleitet und gibt an diesen entweder Wasser ab oder nimmt von diesem Wasser auf. Das abzugebende Wasser wird durch die hygroskopischen Stoffe des Körpers bzw. im Körper adsorbiert. Bei der Gasbefeuchtung wird durch den Körper adsorbiertes Wasser an das Gas abgegeben. Die hygro¬ skopischen Materialien werden den Ausgangsstoffen bevor- z t als Pulver zugegeben, wobei erforderlichenfalls eine Aufoxidation bei der thermischen Behandlung stattfinden kann. Bei erfindungsgemäßen Wabenkörpern ist sowohl die große Freiquerschnittsfläche als auch die große Reaktions¬ oberfläche von Vorteil, da hierdurch die Be- und Entladung mit dem zu adsorbierenden Stoff begünstigt wird. Dasselbe gilt selbstverständlich auch bei der Verwendung als Absorber.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the body according to the invention serves as an adsorber, in particular of water for gas humidification and / or dehumidification, in that the starting materials of the body are known hygroscopic materials such as magnesium perchlorate, phosphorus pentoxide, silicate, zeolite, aluminosilicate , Carbonate carbon, sodium chloride, polysaccharides and the same included. The gas to be treated is passed over the body and either releases or absorbs water from it. The water to be released is adsorbed by the hygroscopic substances in the body or in the body. During gas humidification, water adsorbed by the body is released into the gas. The hygroscopic materials are preferably added to the starting materials as a powder, and if necessary an oxidation can take place during the thermal treatment. In the case of honeycomb bodies according to the invention, both the large free cross-sectional area and the large reaction surface are advantageous since this favors loading and unloading with the substance to be adsorbed. The same naturally also applies when used as an absorber.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird der Körper als Filter verwendet, beispiels¬ weise als Metallschmelze- oder Schlaσke-Schmelze-Filter in der Hüttenindustrie. Der erfindungsgemäße Körper weist hierbei den Vorteil auf, daß er hitzebeständig ist, und daß die erforderliche . rengröße des Filters durch den Herstellungsprozeß vorbestimmbar ist.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the body is used as a filter, for example as a molten metal or slag-melt filter in the metallurgical industry. The body of the invention has the advantage that it is heat-resistant and that the required. ren size of the filter can be predetermined by the manufacturing process.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung dient der Körper für die selektive Stofftrennung von Gasen und/oder Flüssigkeiten. Der erfindungsgemäße Körper weist sowohl als Grünscherben als auch im gebrann¬ ten Zustand hervorragende selektive Gastrenneigenschaften auf. Durch wechselseitiges Verschließen der Kanäle des als Wabenkörper ausgeformten Körpers wird so eine Gas- oder Flüssigkeitstrennschicht (Membran) äußerst großer Ober- According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the body is used for the selective separation of gases and / or liquids. The body according to the invention has excellent selective gas separation properties both as green cullet and in the fired state. By mutually closing the channels of the body formed as a honeycomb body, a gas or liquid separation layer (membrane) of extremely large upper

fläche zur Verfügung gestellt. Diese Eigenschaften des erfindungsgemäßen Körpers können auch zur Anreicherung von Gasanteilen in einem Gasgemisch verwendet werden, ins¬ besondere von O2 oder N2 in Luft.space provided. These properties of the body according to the invention can also be used for the enrichment of gas fractions in a gas mixture, in particular O2 or N2 in air.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfin¬ dung, dient der Körper als Gasspeicher. Ein erfindungs¬ gemäßer Körper kann insbesondere zur Speicherung von Sauer¬ stoff und/oder Kohlendioxid verwendet werden, indem der Körper aus Barium oder Bariumoxid besteht. Wiederum ist bei erfindungsgemäßen Wabenkörpern die große Reaktions¬ oberfläche und die große Freiquerschnittsfläche besonders vorteilhaft. Ein solcher mit Sauerstoff beladener Wabenkör¬ per kann vorteilhaft als Sauerstoffquelle in den verschie¬ densten Anwendungsgebieten dienen, beispielsweise in der Sauerstofftherapie oder zur Aufoxidation der Reaktionspro¬ dukte von Suspensionstrocknern.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the body serves as a gas store. A body according to the invention can be used in particular for storing oxygen and / or carbon dioxide, in that the body consists of barium or barium oxide. Again, the large reaction surface and the large free-sectional area are particularly advantageous in the case of honeycomb bodies according to the invention. Such a honeycomb body loaded with oxygen can advantageously serve as an oxygen source in a wide variety of fields of application, for example in oxygen therapy or for the oxidation of the reaction products of suspension dryers.

Ebenso kann ein derartiger Wabenkörper als Feststoffhydrid¬ speicher verwendet werden, indem er aus Magnesium und/oder Titan und/oder Eisen besteht oder diese auf den Wabenkör¬ per, bevorzugt in einer Engobe, aufgebracht sind. Auch hier gelten die bereits obengenannten Vorteile der großen Reaktions- und Freiquerschnittsfläche. Hierdurch ist auch eine besonders große Speicherkapazität pro Volumen gegeben sowie eine schnelle und sichere Be- und Entladung des Fest¬ stoffhydridspe ehers.Such a honeycomb body can also be used as a solid hydride storage, in that it consists of magnesium and / or titanium and / or iron or these are applied to the honeycomb body, preferably in an engobe. The above-mentioned advantages of the large reaction and free cross-sectional area also apply here. This also gives a particularly large storage capacity per volume, and quick and safe loading and unloading of the solid hydride storage device.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfin¬ dung dient der erfindungsgemäße Körper als Katalysator für die selektive und nichtselektive katalytische Behandlung eines Gasstroms, indem der Körper aus katalytisch wirk- - 11 -According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the body according to the invention serves as a catalyst for the selective and non-selective catalytic treatment of a gas stream, in that the body consists of a catalytically active - 11 -

samen Stoffen wie Anatas, Eisenoxid, Wolframtrioxid, Kobaltoxid, Vanadiumpentoxid, Kupferoxid, Chromoxid, Spi¬ nell, Oxiden von Seltenen Erden besteht. Der Gasstrom wird über den Körper bzw. durch die Kanäle eines erfindungs- gemäßen Wabenkörpers geleitet. Die große erzielbare Frei¬ querschnittsfläche und die große Reaktionsoberfläche des Wabenkörpers sind auch hier besonders vorteilhaft.seeds such as anatase, iron oxide, tungsten trioxide, cobalt oxide, vanadium pentoxide, copper oxide, chromium oxide, spinel, oxides of rare earths. The gas flow is passed over the body or through the channels of a honeycomb body according to the invention. The large achievable free cross-sectional area and the large reaction surface of the honeycomb body are also particularly advantageous here.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Er¬ findung dient der erfindungsgemäß hergestellte Körper als Verpackungsmaterial. Metall- und Keramikfolien können auf diese Weise in besonders geringer Materialstärke als Verpackungsmaterial eingesetzt werden.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the body produced according to the invention serves as packaging material. In this way, metal and ceramic foils can be used as packaging material in a particularly low material thickness.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung dient ein erfindungsgemäß hergestellter Körper als Geschirr oder Sanitärkeramik, zu welcher die Vorform vor der thermischen Behandlung geformt wird. Wie bereits oben erwähnt, kann die Vorform durch aus dem Kunststoff- bereich bekannte Formgebungsverfahren wie Tiefziehen zu einer Endform geformt werden, beispielsweise einer Tasse oder einem Waschbecken, da der Grünscherben aufgrund der Eigenschaften der Ausgangsstoffe ausreichende Stabilität aufweist.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, a body produced according to the invention serves as tableware or sanitary ware, into which the preform is shaped before the thermal treatment. As already mentioned above, the preform can be shaped into a final shape, for example a cup or a wash basin, by molding processes known from the plastics sector, such as deep drawing, since the green cullet has sufficient stability due to the properties of the starting materials.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Er¬ findung dient der erfindungsgemäß hergestellte Körper als Distanzring für zusammengesetzte Katalysatorkörper, wobei die Vσrform bevorzugt durch Plissieren wellenartig ver¬ formt und vor der thermischen Behandlung um ein Brenn¬ hilfsmittel mit einem dem gewünschten Innendurchmesser des Distanzrings entsprechenden Außendurchmesser gelegt wird. Hierdurch kann ein keramischer Distanzring gebildet, dessen Endform durch das Brennhilfsmittel vorbestimmt ist und welcher beim Brennvorgang aufgrund der wellenartigen Verformung Expansions- und Kontraktionsbewegungen unbe¬ schadet übersteht.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the body produced according to the invention serves as a spacer ring for composite catalyst bodies, the shape being preferably undulated by pleating and placed before the thermal treatment around a firing aid with an outer diameter corresponding to the desired inner diameter of the spacer ring becomes. As a result, a ceramic spacer ring can be formed, the final shape of which is predetermined by the firing aid and which, during the firing process, survives expansion and contraction movements without damage due to the wave-like deformation.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfin¬ dung dient der erfindungsgemäß hergestellte Körper als strukturelles Bauteil. Durch die äußerst dünnen erziel¬ baren Materialstärken wird durch den erfindungsgemäßen Körper, insbesondere in der Wabenstruktur, ein sehr stabiles strukturelles Bauteil geringen Gewichts zur Verfügung gestellt, das beispielsweise im Flugzeugbau einsetzbar ist. Durch die bei entsprechendem Ausgangsstoff bestehenden Speichereigenschaften kann dieses Bauteil gleichzeitig als Feststoffhydridspeicher, beispielsweise in Flugzeugen oder Kraftfahrzeugen, als Brennstoffquelle verwendet werden.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the body produced according to the invention serves as a structural component. Due to the extremely thin material thicknesses that can be achieved, the body according to the invention, in particular in the honeycomb structure, provides a very stable structural component of low weight that can be used, for example, in aircraft construction. Due to the existing storage properties with the corresponding starting material, this component can simultaneously be used as a solid hydride storage, for example in aircraft or motor vehicles, as a fuel source.

Nach einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung dieser Merkmale dient der erfindungsgemäße Wabenkörper als Einsatz in Flüs¬ sigkeitsspeichern. Hierdurch wird die Bewegung der Flüssig¬ keit in dem Speicher vorteilhafterweise eingeschränkt, wodurch ungünstige Schwankungen in der Gewichtsverteilung durch Hin- und Herbewegen der Flüssigkeit vermieden wer¬ den. Dies ist beispielsweise bei Brennstofftanks in Flug¬ zeugen wichtig.According to an advantageous development of these features, the honeycomb body according to the invention serves as an insert in liquid stores. As a result, the movement of the liquid in the memory is advantageously restricted, as a result of which unfavorable fluctuations in the weight distribution are avoided by moving the liquid back and forth. This is important, for example, in the case of fuel tanks in aircraft.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfin¬ dung wird der erfindungsgemäße Wabenkörper als Schall¬ dämpfer verwendet, gegebenenfalls kombiniert mit Abgas¬ reinigungsfunktion. Der Wabenkörper kann hierbei entweder so in den Abgasweg eingesetzt werden, daß das Abgas die Kanäle durchströmt, oder aber er kann als Wandbeschichtung im Abgasweg verwendet werden, wobei die Kanäle des Waben¬ körpers senkrecht zur Außenwand verlaufen. Be^ Verwendung von Katalysatormaterial für den Wabenkörper kann gleich¬ zeitig eine Abgasreinigungsfunktion erhalten werden. Der Vorteil besteht darin, daß beim Durchströmen eine sehr große Freiquerschnittsfläche gegeben ist, woraus ein sehr geringer Staudruck resultiert. Im zweiten Fall ist der Staudruck ebenfalls gering, wobei hier die Schalldämpfung aus der Resonatorwirkung der Kanäle in Verbindung mit de:. Porosität des Materials resultiert.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the honeycomb body according to the invention is used as a silencer, optionally combined with an exhaust gas cleaning function. The honeycomb body can either are inserted into the exhaust gas path in such a way that the exhaust gas flows through the channels, or else it can be used as a wall coating in the exhaust gas path, the channels of the honeycomb body running perpendicular to the outer wall. Be ^ use of catalyst material for the honeycomb body can gleich¬ time an exhaust gas purification function are obtained. The advantage is that there is a very large free cross-sectional area when flowing through, which results in a very low dynamic pressure. In the second case, the dynamic pressure is also low, and here the sound attenuation from the resonator effect of the channels in connection with de :. Porosity of the material results.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfin¬ dung enthält der Wabenkörper Kalziumtriphosphat (Apatit) und ein mit der Applikationsstelle verträgliches Eiweiß, insbesondere Osteopoetin als Knochenersatz und -aufbaumit- tel. Diese Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann vorteilhafter¬ weise zu medizinischen Zwecken eingesetzt werden. Hierbei wird die bekannte Eigenschaft von Osteopoetin ausgenutzt, knochenbildend zu wirken. Kalziumtriphosphat entspricht dem natürlichen Knochenmaterial, so daß besonders gute Ver¬ träglichkeit gegeben ist und ein nahtloser Knochenersatz aus einheitlichem Material möglich ist, verbunden mit hoher Stabilität aufgrund der feinen Wabenstruktur.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the honeycomb body contains calcium triphosphate (apatite) and a protein which is compatible with the application site, in particular osteopoietin as a bone replacement and building-up agent. This embodiment of the invention can advantageously be used for medical purposes. Here, the well-known property of osteopoetin is used to have a bone-forming effect. Calcium triphosphate corresponds to the natural bone material, so that it is particularly well tolerated and a seamless bone replacement made of uniform material is possible, combined with high stability due to the fine honeycomb structure.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfin¬ dung dient der erfindungsgemäße Wabenkörper als Brandab¬ schluß mit Rauchabschluß durch Suspensionsabdichtung. Ein erfindungsgemäßer Wabenkörper wird als Einsatz für den Brandabschluß verwendet, wobei oberhalb des Wabenkörpers eine beispielsweise in Glas eingeschlossene mit k2.*ami- sehen Ausgangsstoffen gebildete Suspension gelagert ist, welche bei Erreichen einer Grenztemperatur durch Zer¬ störung des Glases freigesetzt wird und in die Kanäle des Wabenkörpers eindringt. Durch die durch den Rauch einge¬ tragene Wärme wird die Suspension verfestigt und ver¬ schließt die Kanäle des Wabenkörpers. Diese Ausgestaltung hat den Vorteil, daß ein sicherer Brandabschluß gegeben ist bei gleichzeitigem Rauchabschluß, während vor Frei¬ setzung der Suspension ein Gasdurchtritt durch den Waben¬ körper möglich ist, beispielsweise in Klimaanlagen.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the honeycomb body according to the invention serves as a fire seal with smoke seal by means of suspension sealing. A honeycomb body according to the invention is used as an insert for the fire closure, with above the honeycomb body, for example, a glass enclosed with glass. * ami- See starting materials formed suspension is stored, which is released when a limit temperature is reached by destroying the glass and penetrates into the channels of the honeycomb body. Due to the heat introduced by the smoke, the suspension is solidified and closes the channels of the honeycomb body. This configuration has the advantage that there is a safe fire shutdown with simultaneous smoke shutoff, while gas can pass through the honeycomb body before the suspension is released, for example in air conditioning systems.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfin¬ dung wird der erfindungsgemäße Wabenkörper in einer Vor¬ richtung mit rotierendem scheibenförmigen Wabenkörper ein¬ gesetzt, dessen Sektoren abwechselnd verfahrenstechnisch unterschiedlichen Medienströmen ausgesetzt sind. Derartige Vorrichtungen werden beispielsweise in Gasbe- und/oder -entfeuchtungsanlagen, in Absorptionseinrichtungung, als Katalysatoren oder Wärmetauscher eingesetzt. Durch die Rotation des Wabenkörpers werden hierbei Segmente des Wabenkörpers abwechselnd unterschiedlichen Medienströmen ausgesetzt, beispielsweise Warm- und Kaltluft in Wärmetau¬ schern von Klimaanlagen. Derartige Wabenkörper sind übli¬ cherweise mit Innenantrieb und Innenlagerung ausgestattet, wobei diese nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestal¬ tung der Erfindung durch einen Außenantrieb und vorzugswei¬ se auch eine Außenlagerung des Wabenkörpers ersetzt sein können. Hierdurch ergibt sich der Vorteil, daß Antrieb und Lager nicht möglicherweise aggressiven Gasströmen ausge¬ setzt sind, die diese zerstören könnten. Nach einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung dieser Merkmale ist die Wabenkörperscheibe fest installiert, während die An- und Abströmhauben für die unterschiedlichen Medienströme relativ zu dieser drehbar sind.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the honeycomb body according to the invention is used in a device with a rotating disk-shaped honeycomb body, the sectors of which are alternately exposed to different media flows in terms of process technology. Devices of this type are used, for example, in gas humidification and / or dehumidification systems, in absorption devices, as catalysts or heat exchangers. Due to the rotation of the honeycomb body, segments of the honeycomb body are alternately exposed to different media flows, for example warm and cold air in heat exchangers of air conditioning systems. Such honeycomb bodies are usually equipped with an internal drive and internal bearing, which, according to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, can be replaced by an external drive and preferably also an external bearing of the honeycomb body. This has the advantage that the drive and the bearing are not possibly exposed to aggressive gas flows which could destroy them. According to an advantageous development of these features, the honeycomb body disk is permanently installed, while the inflow and outflow hoods can be rotated relative to the different media flows.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Er¬ findung wird der erfindungsgemäße Wabenkörper in einer Luftaufbereitungs- und -konditionierungsanlage eingesetzt. Hierbei können die verschiedenen Eigenschaften des Waben¬ körpers einzeln oder in Kombination vorteilhaft eingesetzt werden, so beispielsweise katalytische Eigenschaften und Filter- bzw. Gastrenneigenschaften zur Reinigung von lösungsmittelhaltiger Abluft, Adsorptions- und Wärme¬ tauscheigenschaften in Klimaanlagen usw.. Ebenso kann das erfindungsgemäße Halbzeug in Gasaufbereitungsanlagen zur Kühlung von Gasen durch Entfeuchtung dienen, wodurch sonst benötigte, unschöne Kühltürme entfallen.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the honeycomb body according to the invention is used in an air conditioning and conditioning system. The various properties of the honeycomb body can be used advantageously individually or in combination, for example catalytic properties and filter or gas separation properties for cleaning solvent-containing exhaust air, adsorption and heat exchange properties in air conditioning systems, etc. The semifinished product according to the invention can also be used in Gas conditioning systems are used to cool gases by dehumidification, which eliminates the need for unsightly cooling towers.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfin¬ dung besteht der Wabenkörper aus anorganischem, vorzugs¬ weise keramischem, durchscheinendem oder transparentem Material und wird als Wärmestrahlungsabsorber verwendet, indem das Halbzeug auf einer oberflächlich oder durch¬ gehend dunkel eingefärbten Grundplatte, bevorzugt eben¬ falls aus keramischem Werkstoff, angeordnet ist. Derartige Wärmestrahlungsabsorber, die auf dem Prinzip des Eisbär¬ felles beruhen, sind an sich bekannt. Diese sind jedoch nicht hitzebeständig oder nicht wetterfest, da sie ent¬ weder aus Kunststoff oder aus Glas bestehen. Durch den er¬ findungsgemäßen Wabenkörper aus keramischem Material ist ein solcher Wärmestrahlungsabsorber jedoch hitzebeständig, wetterfest und vergleichsweise leicht. ,Durch die dunkle, insbesondere schwarze Grundfläche ist eine hohe Wärme¬ absorption gegeben, während die Kanäle des Wabenkörpers die Wiederabstrahlung der aufgenommenen Wärme vermindern. Durch die Transparenz des Keramikmaterials ist Strahl- absorption bei beliebigem Einstrahlungswinkel möglich. Die dunkle Grundplatte ersetzt hierbei die Haut des Eisbären, während der Wabenkörper die Haare des Eisbärfelles ersetzt.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the honeycomb body consists of inorganic, preferably ceramic, translucent or transparent material and is used as a heat radiation absorber by placing the semifinished product on a surface plate that is dark or colored throughout, preferably also made of ceramic Material is arranged. Such heat radiation absorbers, which are based on the principle of the polar bear skin, are known per se. However, these are not heat-resistant or not weatherproof, since they consist of either plastic or glass. However, due to the honeycomb body made of ceramic material according to the invention, such a heat radiation absorber is heat-resistant, weatherproof and comparatively light. Through the dark black base in particular has a high heat absorption, while the channels of the honeycomb body reduce the re-radiation of the absorbed heat. The transparency of the ceramic material enables beam absorption at any angle of incidence. The dark base plate replaces the skin of the polar bear, while the honeycomb body replaces the hair of the polar bear fur.

Ein solcher Wärmestrahlungsabsorber kann vorteilhafterwei¬ se als Focus-Receiver in Sonnenenergieanlagen verwendet werden, da er hitzebeständig ist und daher nicht gekühlt werden muß. Er kann daher auch zur direkten Ölraffinierung im Focus-Receiver einer Sonnenenergieanlage eingesetzt werden. Besonders vorteilhaft ist die Verwendung nichtoxi- discher Keramik, da diese besonders große Hitzebständig- keit aufweist.Such a heat radiation absorber can advantageously be used as a focus receiver in solar energy systems, since it is heat-resistant and therefore does not have to be cooled. It can therefore also be used for direct oil refining in the focus receiver of a solar energy system. The use of non-oxide ceramics is particularly advantageous since it has a particularly high heat resistance.

Eine solcher Wärmestrahlungsabsorber kann vorteilhafterwei¬ se auch in Kombination mit einer Wärmekraftmaschine betrie¬ ben werden. Eine solche Wärmekraftmaschine kann beispiels¬ weise ein Stirlingmotor sein, der direkt oder indirekt erwärmt wird, oder eine Dampfturbine oder sonstige dampfbe¬ triebene Maschine, wobei im Focus-Receiver der Dampf er¬ zeugt wird oder eine Wärmeübertragungsmittel erwärmt wird, welches andernorts Dampf erzeugt.Such a heat radiation absorber can advantageously also be operated in combination with a heat engine. Such a heat engine can be, for example, a Stirling engine which is heated directly or indirectly, or a steam turbine or other steam-operated machine, the steam being generated in the focus receiver or a heat transfer medium being heated which produces steam elsewhere.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfin¬ dung wird ein solcher Wärmestrahlungsabsorber als Fassaden¬ verkleidung von Gebäuden verwendet. Hierbei dient der Wärmestrahlungsabsorber bevorzugt gleichzeitig als Wärme¬ isolierung und zur Wärmeenergiegewinnung. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, such a heat radiation absorber is used as the facade cladding of buildings. Here, the heat radiation absorber is preferably used at the same time as heat insulation and for heat energy generation.

Nach einer anderen vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfin¬ dung ist ein solcher Wärmestrahlungsabsorber quer zur Fassade eines Gebäudes eingebaut. Hierbei dient dieser ausschließlich zur Wärmeenergiegewinnung und zwar bei¬ spielsweise, indem die Grundplatte und/oder der Wabenkör¬ per ins Innere des Gebäudes verlängert sind, wo diese als Heizelement, beispielsweise Kochplatte, dienen. Selbstver¬ ständlich kann diese Ausgestaltung auch zur sonstigen Wärmeenergiegewinnung verwendet werden.According to another advantageous embodiment of the invention, such a heat radiation absorber is installed transversely to the facade of a building. In this case, this is used exclusively for heat energy generation, for example by extending the base plate and / or the honeycomb body into the interior of the building, where they serve as a heating element, for example a hotplate. Of course, this embodiment can also be used for other heat energy generation.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfin¬ dung dient ein solcher Wärmestrahlungsabsorber zur Wärme¬ isolierung, indem der Wabenkörper zwischen zwei oberfläch¬ lich oder durchgehend dunkel eingefärbten Platten ange¬ ordnet ist. Der Wabenkörper tritt hierbei an die Stelle von sonst üblicher Mineralwolle, die physiologisch bedenklich ist. Durch die Wabenstruktur ergibt sich neben der Isolatorwirkung auch eine * ohe mechanische Festigkeit, insbesondere wenn die Kanäle des Wabenkörpers senkrecht zu den dunkel eingefärbten Platten verlaufen. Hierbei gründet sich die Wärmeisolation auf die hohe Reflexion in den Kanälen des Wabenkörpers, die noch dadurch erhöht werden kann, daß diese, ebenso wie die Innenseiten der Grundplat¬ ten, mit einer Wärmestrahlungsreflektierenden Schicht ver¬ sehen si" _. Hierdurch wird eine solche Wärmeisolierung auch bes iers geeignet für den Einsatz als Hitzeschild bei Raumfahrzeugen, wo eine besonders hohe mechanische Sta¬ bilität gefordert ist. Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfin¬ dung dient der erfindungsgemäße Wabenkörper als Feststoff¬ hydridspeicher in einem Kreisprozeß mit Metallhydriden un¬ terschiedlicher Bildungs- und Zersetzungstemperatur, auch in Verbindung mit einer Wärmekraftmaschine. In einem sol¬ chen Kreisprozeß wird Wasserstoff aus einem Metallhydrid¬ speicher durch Erwärmung ausgetrieben und einem zweiten Feststoffhydridspeicher zugeführt, welcher den Wasserstoff bindet. Der Feststoffhydridspeicher hoher Bildungs- und Zersetzungstemperatur, beispielsweise Magnesiumwabenkör¬ per, wird, bevorzugt in Verbindung mit einem erfindungsge¬ mäßen Wärmestrahlungsabsorber, insbesondere durch Sonne¬ nenergie erwärmt und der Wasserstoff ausgetrieben. Dieser Wasserstoff wird einem zweiten Feststoffhydridspeicher mit niedriger Bildungs- und Zersetzungstemperatur, beispiels¬ weise Titaneisenwabenkörper, zugeführt, wo er wiederum gebunden wird. Der hierin gespeicherte Wasserstoff kann bereits bei niederer Temperatur, beispielsweise durch Abwasserwärme, ausgetrieben werden und in den Feststoffhy¬ dridspeicher hoher Bildungstemperatur zurückgeführt wer¬ den. Die bei der Adsorption freigesetzte Wärmeenergie kann entweder Wärmekraftmaschinen zugeführt werden oder direkt als Heizwärme verwendet werden. Der Vorteil des erfindungs¬ gemäßen Wabenkörpers besteht darin, daß eine große Reaktionsoberfläche zur Verfügung gestellt wird und der Speicher besser be- und entladbar ist als herkömmliche Speicher.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, such a heat radiation absorber is used for heat insulation, in that the honeycomb body is arranged between two sheets which are dark or colored dark on the surface. The honeycomb body replaces the otherwise usual mineral wool, which is physiologically questionable. Through the honeycomb structure results in addition to the insulator effect a * height mechanical strength, particularly if the channels of the honeycomb body perpendicular to the dark-colored plates. In this case, the thermal insulation is based on the high reflection in the channels of the honeycomb body, which can be increased further by providing this, like the inner sides of the base plates, with a layer reflecting heat radiation. This results in such thermal insulation Also particularly suitable for use as a heat shield in space vehicles, where particularly high mechanical stability is required. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the honeycomb body according to the invention serves as a solid hydride storage in a cycle with metal hydrides of different formation and decomposition temperatures, also in connection with a heat engine. In such a cycle hydrogen is expelled from a metal hydride storage by heating and fed to a second solid hydride storage which binds the hydrogen. The solid hydride storage at a high formation and decomposition temperature, for example magnesium honeycomb body, is preferably heated in connection with an inventive heat radiation absorber, in particular by solar energy, and the hydrogen is driven off. This hydrogen is fed to a second solid hydride store with a low formation and decomposition temperature, for example titanium iron honeycomb bodies, where it is in turn bound. The hydrogen stored therein can already be driven off at a low temperature, for example by waste water heat, and can be returned to the solid hydride storage at a high formation temperature. The heat energy released during adsorption can either be supplied to heat engines or used directly as heating energy. The advantage of the honeycomb body according to the invention is that a large reaction surface is made available and the memory can be loaded and unloaded better than conventional memories.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Er¬ findung dient der erfindungsgemäße Wabenkörper als Wärme¬ speicher, indem der Wabenkörper aus Zeolith besteht. Durch Zugabe von Wasser oder Feuchtigkeit zum bzw. in den Wabenkörper wird Wärme freigesetzt, welche für eine Ver¬ wertung zur Verfügung steht. Andererseits kann durch Zu¬ fuhr von Wärme das Wasser aus dem Wabenkörper wieder ausgetrieben werden, so daß der Wabenkörper als Wärme¬ speicher dienen kann. Durch die große Reaktionsoberfläche und die große Freiquerschnittsfläche ist die Be- und Entladung des Wabenkörpers mit Wasser besonders begün¬ stigt.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the honeycomb body according to the invention serves as a heat store in that the honeycomb body consists of zeolite. By adding water or moisture to or in the The honeycomb body releases heat which is available for recycling. On the other hand, the water can be expelled from the honeycomb body again by supplying heat, so that the honeycomb body can serve as a heat store. Due to the large reaction surface and the large free cross-sectional area, the loading and unloading of the honeycomb body with water is particularly favored.

Nach einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung dieser Merkmale dient der Wabenkörper aus Zeolith zur Wasserentsalzung, indem der Wabenkörper mit einer Destillationseinrichtung für den bei der Wasserzugabe entstehenden Wasserdampf kombiniert ist. Meerwasser oder Brackwasser kann auf diese Weise durch Destillation gereinigt und entsalzt werden, wobei die gerade in trockenen Gebieten zur Verfügung stehende Sonnenenergie zum Austreiben im Wabenkörper absorbierten Wassers dienen kann, welcher dann beispiels¬ weise in der Nacht wieder für die Entsalzung von Brack¬ wasser zur Verfügung steht.According to an advantageous development of these features, the honeycomb body made of zeolite is used for water desalination, in that the honeycomb body is combined with a distillation device for the water vapor generated when water is added. Sea water or brackish water can be purified and desalted in this way, the solar energy available in dry areas being able to drive out water absorbed in the honeycomb body, which then, for example, at night again for the desalination of brackish water Available.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung dient der erfindungsgemäße Körper als Bremsbelag oder Bremsscheibe, wobei die Vorform bevorzugt durch Plissieren wellenartig verformt und vor der thermischen Behandlung mehrere solcher Vorformen aufeinander gepresst oder auf andere Art fest miteinander verbunden werden. Hierdurch werden besonders hitzebeständige und stabile Bremsbeläge herstellbar, die insbesondere nach einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung durch eingelagertes hitze¬ beständiges Fasermaterial sowohl in ihrer Bremswirkung als auch in ihrer Stabilität noch verbessert werden. Der Vorteil der wellenförmigen Ausgestaltung der Vorformen liegt darin, daß beim Abschleifen der Bremsscheiben oder Bremsbeläge keine langen Fasern aus dem Material gelöst werden können, da diese längs der Folienebene eingelagert sind und beim Abschleifen in kurze Stücke aufgeteilt werden. Als Fasermaterial kann daher vorteilhafterweise Cordierit, Asbest oder Kohle dienen, wobei auch bei Asbest keine gesundheitsschädigende Wirkung auftreten kann, da diese nur bei Asbestfäden bestimmter Mindestlänge gegeben ist.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the body according to the invention serves as a brake lining or brake disc, the preform preferably being deformed in a wave-like manner by pleating and several such preforms pressed onto one another or fixedly connected to one another in another way before the thermal treatment. As a result, particularly heat-resistant and stable brake linings can be produced, which, in particular according to a further development of the invention, can be improved both in terms of their braking action and in terms of their stability by incorporating heat-resistant fiber material. The The advantage of the wave-shaped design of the preforms is that long fibers cannot be loosened from the material when grinding the brake discs or brake pads, since these are embedded along the film plane and are divided into short pieces during grinding. Cordierite, asbestos or coal can therefore advantageously be used as the fiber material, although no health-damaging effect can occur even with asbestos, since this is only given with asbestos threads of a certain minimum length.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung, die auch für sich beansprucht wird, dient ein erfindungsgemäßer Wabenkörper als Auskleidung oder Brenn¬ hilfsmittel von thermischen Behandlungsräumen. Eine derartige Auskleidung hat den Vorteil geringen Gewichts bei gleichzeitig großer Hitzbeständigkeit, wodurch eine schnelle Aufheizung und damit Energieeinsparung bei der thermischen Behandlung gewährleistet ist. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, which is also claimed for itself, a honeycomb body according to the invention serves as a lining or firing aid for thermal treatment rooms. Such a lining has the advantage of low weight and at the same time great heat resistance, which ensures rapid heating and thus energy savings in the thermal treatment.

Claims

Patentansprüche Claims Verfahren zur Herstellung metallischer oder kerami¬ scher Körper in Sonderformen wie Folien, Filme, Membranen, Sanitärkeramik oder dergleichen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß aus einem fließfähigen, wasser¬ freien, hautbildenden Ausgangsstoff eine Vorform oder Endform ausgeformt oder ausgegossen wird, daß der Ausgangsstoff für diese Vorform oder Endform Metalle oder anorganische Keramikgrundstoffe molekular ein¬ gebunden enthält und/oder die. s dem Ausgangsstoff beigemengt sind, und daß diese Vorform oder Endform, erforderlichenfalls nach vorheriger Trocknung, mit sensibler und/oder latenter thermischer Energie in neutraler, reduzierender oder oxidierender Atmosphäre behandelt wird, wobei die molekular eingebundenen und/oder beigemengten Stoffe unter Freigabe der flüchtigen organischen Anteile des Ausgangsstoffes zu einem metallischen Körper oder zu einer oxidischen oder nichtoxidischen Keramik umgewandelt werden.Process for the production of metallic or ceramic bodies in special shapes such as foils, films, membranes, sanitary ceramics or the like, characterized in that a preform or final shape is molded or poured from a flowable, water-free, skin-forming starting material, so that the starting material for this Preform or final form contains metals or inorganic ceramic raw materials molecularly bound and / or. s are added to the starting material, and that this preform or final shape, if necessary after drying, with sensitive and / or latent thermal energy in a neutral, reducing or oxidizing atmosphere is treated, wherein the molecularly incorporated and / or admixed substances are converted to a metallic body or to an oxidic or non-oxide ceramic with release of the volatile organic components of the starting material. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorform durch Extrudieren gebildet wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the preform is formed by extrusion. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorform in Form von länglichen Hohlkörpern ex- trudiert wird.3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the preform is extruded in the form of elongated hollow bodies. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hohlkörper zu einem Wabenkörper zusammengefügt werden.4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the hollow bodies are assembled into a honeycomb body. 5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hohlkörper abwechselnd auf der einen und auf der anderen Seite beim Extrudieren verschlossen werden.5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the hollow bodies are alternately closed on one side and on the other side during extrusion. 6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1-3, dadurch ge¬ kennzeichnet, daß die Vorform durch ein Formgebungs¬ verfahren wie Tiefziehen oder Plissieren zu einer Endform geformt wird.6. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized ge indicates that the preform is formed into a final shape by a shaping method such as deep drawing or pleating. 7. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Ausgangsstoff organi- sehe Metallverbindungen, organische Seltenerdenver¬ bindungen, insbesondere als Polymere, Metallgele oder Metallsolgele dienen.7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that as the starting material organic see metal compounds, organic rare earth compounds, in particular serve as polymers, metal gels or metal sol gels. 8. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Ausgangsmaterial für die Vorform oder die Endform im Eintopfverfahren her¬ gestellt wird.8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the starting material for the preform or the final shape is manufactured in a one-pot process. 9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Ausgangsstoff Tetrahydrofuran dient, welchem Magnesiumchlorid und Silan beigemengt sind, daß hieraus Magnesiumhydrid und Siliziumchlorid gebildet werden unter Freisetzung von Monosilan sowie Tetra¬ hydrofuran, gegebenenfalls plus Silizium, gegebenen¬ falls plus Chlor, gegebenenfalls plus Magnesium als Ausgangsmaterial für die Vorform oder Endform.9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that tetrahydrofuran is used as the starting material, to which magnesium chloride and silane are added, that magnesium hydride and silicon chloride are formed therefrom with the release of monosilane and tetrahydrofuran, optionally plus silicon, optionally plus chlorine, optionally plus magnesium as the starting material for the preform or final shape. 10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Ausgangsstoff weitere Metalle oder Keramikgrund¬ stoffe beigemengt werden.10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that further metals or Keramikgrund¬ substances are added to the starting material. 11. Nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche hergestellter Körper, gekennzeichnet durch die Verwendung als Ab¬ sorber für gasförmige und/oder aerosole Stoffe, ins¬ besondere Schadstoffe wie HCl, HF, S0X, C0X, N0X, NHX, Amalgam, indem durch entsprechende Wahl der Ausgangs- Stoffe ein Körper aus einem die Stoffe absorbierenden Stoff wie Mgθ(H), CaO(H), NHX, Zeolith oder Aktivkohle gebildet wird. 11. Body produced according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the use as an absorber for gaseous and / or aerosol substances, in particular pollutants such as HCl, HF, S0 X , C0 X , N0 X , NH X , amalgam, by a body is formed from a substance absorbing substance such as MgO (H), CaO (H), NH X , zeolite or activated carbon by appropriate choice of the starting materials. 12. Nach einem der Ansprüche 1-10 hergestellter Körper, gekennzeichnet durch die Verwendung als Adsorber, insbesondere von Wasser zur Gasbe- und/oder -entfeuch- tung, indem die Ausgangsstoffe des Körpers an sich bekannte hygroskopische Materialien wie Magnesiumper- chlorat, Phosphorpentoxid, Silikat, Zeolith, Alumo- silikat, Karbonatkohlenstoff, Natriumchlorid, Poly- saccharid und dergleichen enthalten.12. Body produced according to one of claims 1-10, characterized by the use as an adsorber, in particular water for gas humidification and / or dehumidification, in that the starting materials of the body are known hygroscopic materials such as magnesium perchlorate, phosphorus pentoxide, Contain silicate, zeolite, aluminosilicate, carbonate carbon, sodium chloride, polysaccharide and the like. 13. Nach einem der Ansprüche 1-10 hergestellter Körper, gekennzeichnet durch die Verwendung als Filter, ins¬ besondere als Metallschmelzefilter und/oder Schlacke¬ schmelzefilter in der Hüttenindustrie.13. Body produced according to one of claims 1-10, characterized by the use as a filter, in particular as a molten metal filter and / or melt slag filter in the metallurgical industry. 14. Nach einem der Ansprüche 1-10 hergestellter Körper, gekennzeichnet durch die Verwendung zur selektiven Stofftrennung von Gasen und/oder Flüssigkeiten, ins¬ besondere zur Anreicherung von Gasanteilen in einem Gasgemisch wie 02 oder N2 in Luft.14. Body produced according to one of claims 1-10, characterized by the use for the selective separation of gases and / or liquids, in particular for the enrichment of gas fractions in a gas mixture such as 02 or N2 in air. 15. Nach einem der Ansprüche 1-10 hergestellter Körper, gekennzeichnet durch die Verwendung als Gasspeicher, insbesondere zur Speicherung von Sauerstoff, Kohlen¬ dioxid oder Wasserstoff, indem die Ausgangsstoffe des Körpers entsprechende Speicherstoffe wie Barium für Sauerstoff, Bariumoxid für Kohlendioxid, Magnesium, Eisen oder Titan für Wasserstoff enthalten oder diese bei der thermischen Behandlung gebildet werden. 15. Body produced according to one of claims 1-10, characterized by the use as a gas store, in particular for storing oxygen, carbon dioxide or hydrogen, by the starting materials of the body corresponding storage materials such as barium for oxygen, barium oxide for carbon dioxide, magnesium, iron or contain titanium for hydrogen or these are formed during the thermal treatment. 16. Nach einem der Ansprüche 1-10 hergestellter Körper, gekennzeichnet durch die Verwendung als Katalysator für die selektive oder nichtselektive katalytische Behandlung eines Gasstroms, indem ein Körper aus kata- lytisch wirksamen Stoffen wie Anatas (Tiθ2), Eisen¬ oxid, WO3, V2O5, Kupferoxid, Kobaltoxid, Spinell oder Oxiden von SeltenenErden gebildet wird.16. Body produced according to one of claims 1-10, characterized by the use as a catalyst for the selective or non-selective catalytic treatment of a gas stream, by a body made of catalytically active substances such as anatase (TiO2), iron oxide, WO3, V2O5 , Copper oxide, cobalt oxide, spinel or oxides of rare earths. 17. Nach einem der Ansprüche 1-10 hergestellter Körpt™, gekennzeichnet durch die Verwendung als Verpackungs¬ material.17. According to one of claims 1-10 manufactured by Körpt ™ , characterized by the use as packaging material. 18. Nach Anspruch 6 hergestellter Körper, gekennzeichnet durch die Verwendung als Geschirr oder Sanitärkeramik, zu welcher die Vorform vor der thermischen Behandlung geformt wird.18. Body produced according to claim 6, characterized by the use as tableware or sanitary ware, to which the preform is shaped before the thermal treatment. 19. Nach Anspruch 6 hergestellter Körper, gekennzeichnet durch die Verwendung als Distanzring für zusammen¬ gesetzte Katalysatorkörper, wobei die Vorform bevor¬ zugt durch Plissieren wellenartig verformt und vor der thermischen Behandlung u ein Brennhilfsmittel mit einem dem gewünschten Innendurchmesser des Distanz¬ rings entsprechenden Außendurchmesser gelegt wird.19. Body produced according to claim 6, characterized by the use as a spacer ring for composite catalyst bodies, the preform preferably being deformed in a wave-like manner by pleating and, before the thermal treatment, a firing aid with an outer diameter corresponding to the desired inner diameter of the spacer ring becomes. 20. Wabenkörper nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, gekennzeichnet durch die Verwendung als strukturelles Bauteil.20. honeycomb body according to claim 4 or 5, characterized by the use as a structural component. 21. Wabenkörper nach Anspruch 20, gekennzeichnet durch seine Verwendung als Einsatz in Flüssigkeitsspeichern. 21. Honeycomb body according to claim 20, characterized by its use as an insert in liquid stores. 22. Wabenkörper nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, gekennzeichnet durch seine Verwendung als Schalldämpfer, gegebenen¬ falls kombiniert mit Abgasreinigungsfunktion.22. Honeycomb body according to claim 4 or 5, characterized by its use as a silencer, where appropriate combined with an exhaust gas cleaning function. 23. Wabenkörper nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, gekennzeichnet durch seine Verwendung als Knochenersatz und -aufbau- mittel, indem der Wabenkörper Kalziumtriphosphat (Apathit) und ein mit der Applikationsstelle ver¬ trägliches Einweiß enthält, insbesondere Osteopoetin.23. Honeycomb body according to claim 4 or 5, characterized by its use as a bone replacement and restorative, in that the honeycomb body contains calcium triphosphate (apathite) and a protein compatible with the application site, in particular osteopoietin. 24. Wabenkörper nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, gekennzeichnet durch die Verwendung als Brandabschluß mit Rauchab¬ schluß durch Suspensionsabdichtung, wobei eine mit keramischen Ausgangsstoffen gebildete Suspension bei Überschreiten einer Grenztemperatur freigesetzt wird und durch die Hitzeeinwirkung, die Kanäle des Waben¬ körpers abdichtend, keramisiert.24. Honeycomb body according to claim 4 or 5, characterized by the use as fire closure with smoke closure by suspension sealing, a suspension formed with ceramic starting materials being released when a limit temperature is exceeded and ceramized by the action of heat, sealing the channels of the honeycomb body. 25. Wabenkörper nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, gekennzeichnet durch die Verwendung in einer Vorrichtung mit rotierendem scheibenförmigen Wabenkörper, dessen Sektoren; abwechselnd verfahrenstechnisch unterschied¬ lichen Medienströmen ausgesetzt sind.25. honeycomb body according to claim 4 or 5, characterized by the use in a device with a rotating disk-shaped honeycomb body, the sectors thereof; are alternately exposed to different process flows. 26. Wabenkörper nach Anspruch 25, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der scheibenförmige Wabenkörper Außenantrieb auf¬ weist. 26. Honeycomb body according to claim 25, characterized in that the disk-shaped honeycomb body has an external drive. 27. Wabenkörper nach Anspruch 25 oder 26, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, daß der scheibenförmige Wabenkörper in der Vorrichtung außengelagert ist.27. Honeycomb body according to claim 25 or 26, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the disc-shaped honeycomb body is mounted on the outside in the device. 28. Wabenkörper nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, gekennzeichnet durch die Verwendung in einer Vorrichtung mit Sektoren, welche abwechselnd verfahrenstechnisch unterschiedlichen Medienströmen ausgesetzt sind, wobei der Wabenkörper scheibenförmig ausgebildet und fest installiert ist und die An- und Abströmhauben der Vorrichtung relativ zum Wabenkörper drehbar sind.28. Honeycomb body according to claim 4 or 5, characterized by the use in a device with sectors, which are alternately exposed to different process flows media, the honeycomb body is disc-shaped and permanently installed and the inflow and outflow hoods of the device are rotatable relative to the honeycomb body. 29. Wabenkörper nach einem der Ansprüche 20-28, gekenn¬ zeichnet durch die Anwendung in einer Luftaufberei- tungs- und -konditionierungsanlage.29. honeycomb body according to one of claims 20-28, gekenn¬ characterized by the application in an air conditioning and conditioning system. 30. Wabenkörper nach einem der Ansprüche 20-29, gekenn¬ zeichnet durch die Verwendung in Gasaufbereitungs¬ anlagen zur Kühlung von Gasen durch Entfeuchtung.30. honeycomb body according to any one of claims 20-29, gekenn¬ characterized by the use in gas processing plants for cooling gases by dehumidification. 31. Wabenkörper nach Anspruch 4 oder 5 aus anorganischem, vorzugsweise keramischem, durchscheinendem oder transparentem Material, gekennzeichnet durch seine Verwendung als Wärmestrahlungsabsorber, indem der Wabenkörper auf einer oberflächlich oder durchgehend dunkel eingefärbten Grundplatte, bevorzugt aus keramischem Werkstoff, angeordnet ist. 31. honeycomb body according to claim 4 or 5 made of inorganic, preferably ceramic, translucent or transparent material, characterized by its use as heat radiation absorber, in that the honeycomb body is arranged on a surface or continuously dark colored base plate, preferably made of ceramic material. 32. Wabenkörper nach Anspruch 31, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er als Focus-Receiver in Sonnenenergieanlagen verwendet wird.32. honeycomb body according to claim 31, characterized in that it is used as a focus receiver in solar energy systems. 33. Wabenkörper nach Anspruch 31 oder 32, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, daß er in Kombination mit einer Wärmekraft¬ maschine verwendet wird.33. honeycomb body according to claim 31 or 32, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that it is used in combination with a heat engine. 34. Wabenkörper nach Anspruch 31, gekennzeichnet durch seine Verwendung als Fassadenverkleidung von Gebäuden.34. honeycomb body according to claim 31, characterized by its use as a facade cladding of buildings. 35. Wabenkörper nach Anspruch 31, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er quer zur Fassade eines Gebäudes verwendet wird.35. honeycomb body according to claim 31, characterized in that it is used transversely to the facade of a building. 36. Wabenkörper nach Anspruch 31, gekennzeichnet durch seine Verwendung als Wärmeisolierung, indem der Waben¬ körper zwischen zwei oberflächlich oder durchgehend dunkel eingefärbten Platten angeordnet ist.36. honeycomb body according to claim 31, characterized by its use as thermal insulation in that the honeycomb body is arranged between two superficially or continuously dark-colored plates. 37. Wabenkörper nach Anspruch 36, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kanäle des Wabenkörpers senkrecht zu den Platten verlaufen.37. honeycomb body according to claim 36, characterized in that the channels of the honeycomb body run perpendicular to the plates. 38. Wabenkörper nach Anspruch 36 oder 37, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, daß die Innenoberfläche mit einer wärme- strahlungsreflektierenden Schicht versehen ist.38. honeycomb body according to claim 36 or 37, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the inner surface is provided with a heat radiation reflecting layer. 39. Wabenkörper nach einem der Ansprüche 36-38, gekenn¬ zeichnet durch seine Verwendung als Hitzeschild bei Raumflugzeugen. 39. honeycomb body according to any one of claims 36-38, gekenn¬ characterized by its use as a heat shield in spacecraft. 40. Wabenkörper nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, gekennzeichnet durch seine Verwendung als Feststoffhydridspeicher in einem Kreisprozeß mit Metallhydriden unterschiedlicher Bildungs- und Zersetzungstemperatur, auch in Ver¬ bindung mit einer Wärmekraftmaschine.40. honeycomb body according to claim 4 or 5, characterized by its use as a solid hydride storage in a cycle with metal hydrides of different formation and decomposition temperatures, also in connection with a heat engine. 41. Wabenkörper nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, gekennzeichnet durch die Verwendung als Wärmespeicher, indem der Wabenkörper aus Zeolith besteht, wobei die Wärme durch Zugabe von Wasser bzw. Feuchtigkeit freisetzbar ist.41. honeycomb body according to claim 4 or 5, characterized by the use as a heat accumulator in that the honeycomb body consists of zeolite, the heat being releasable by adding water or moisture. 42. Wabenkörper nach Anspruch 41, gekennzeichnet durch die Verwendung zur Wasserentsalzung, indem der Wabenkörper mit einer Destillationseinrichtung für den bei der Wasserzugabe entstehenden Wasserdampf kombiniert ist.42. Honeycomb body according to claim 41, characterized by the use for water desalination, in that the honeycomb body is combined with a distillation device for the water vapor generated when water is added. 43. Nach Anspruch 6 hergestellter Körper, gekennzeichnet durch die Verwendung als Bremsbelag oder Bremsscheibe, wobei die Vorform bevorzugt durch Plissieren wellen¬ artig verformt und vor der thermischen Sehand. »ng mehrere solcher Vorformen aufeinander gepreßt oder auf andere Art fest miteinander verbunden werden.43. Body produced according to claim 6, characterized by the use as a brake lining or brake disc, the preform preferably being deformed in a wave-like manner by pleating and before the thermal hand. »Ng several such preforms are pressed together or otherwise firmly connected to each other. 44. Körper nach Anspruch 43, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Ausgangsstoff vor dem Ausformen oder Ausgießen hitzebeständiges Fasermaterial beigegeben wird. 44. Body according to claim 43, characterized in that heat-resistant fiber material is added to the starting material before molding or pouring. 45. Körper nach Anspruch 44, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Fasermaterial Cordierit, Asbest oder Kohle ver¬ wendet wird.45. Body according to claim 44, characterized in that cordierite, asbestos or coal is used as the fiber material. 46. Wabenkörper, insbesondere nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, gekennzeichnet durch die Verwendung als Auskleidung oder Brennhilfsmittel von thermischen Behandlungs¬ räumen. 46. honeycomb body, in particular according to claim 4 or 5, characterized by the use as a lining or kiln furniture of thermal treatment rooms.
PCT/DE1990/000799 1990-03-15 1990-10-19 Process for manufacturing metallic or ceramic materials Ceased WO1991013714A1 (en)

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DE4008331 1990-03-15

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CS66891A3 (en) 1992-02-19
AU6545690A (en) 1991-10-10

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