WO1987004323A1 - Aerodynamic and antimister system for a shell and a sight screen in a protection helmet - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a system of a sight screen and to a shell (2) to which said system may be adapted. The system is comprised of a double wall screen or of two screens (1) and (7), one (1) of which may be lifted outside the helmet lying then flat against the front surface of the shell (2) to whose profile it is configured or adopting an aerodynamic flap position. The screen (7) is lifted inside the shell (2) and its height is smaller than that of the screen (1). Air inlets (5) and air outlets (28) are provided through the screen (1). A moving air film is thus formed between both screens in the lowered position. When it is raining, the ridges (6) of the surface of the shell allow the water dripping on the front area of the shell to be evacuated backwards without coming across the field of view.

Description

 AERODΥ-IAI-IQ.UE SYSTEM AND HULL AND VISION SCREEN OF A PROTECTIVE HELMET

The present invention relates to a protective helmet for motorcyclists designed to be equipped with a new vision screen system, and this vision screen system itself.

In the current state of the art, the vision screen boils down to a transparent screen articulated on two lateral points and opposite the external surface of the shell. Generally, dismantling this screen requires the use of one or more tools. Furthermore, such a screen, in the closed position, completely closes the corresponding cutout made in the shell and delimiting the useful field of vision. As a result, the almost non-existent ventilation inside the helmet promotes the formation of fogging on the screen in cold weather, and in hot weather ... that of sweat on the user. Conversely, if we raise the screen, we allow the air mixed with dust and insects to rush in an anarchic way inside the helmet where turbulence is created which is incompatible with the comfort - notably visual - of the 'user. In addition, in this raised position, the lower edge of the screen is detached from the shell, its upper edge is, in turn, practically in contact with the upper part thereof. This form of "funnel" open towards the front is an aerodynamic aberration tending to cause the helmet to tear off towards the rear as long as the user raises his head a little. By the way, in case of sun or alternation of light and shade, the existing system requires the user ... to accommodate it or to dismantle the transparent screen to replace it with another, tinted, or vice versa! In rainy weather another phenomenon contributes to harm the quality of the field of vision: water, pushed by the wind, trickled on the frontal part, smooth, of the hull without find other obstacles, downwards, than the slit inevitably existing between the upper edge of the vision screen in the closed position and that of the cut-out of the shell. Also, there always comes a time when, under the action of the wind, the water collected on the surface of the shell manages to enter the interior of the helmet to trickle onto the internal face of the screen. This is all the more dangerous that it is then impossible to wipe the screen correctly without removing the helmet. The user's fatigue linked to wearing a helmet is generally assigned fogging the weight of it. In fact, much more than the weight, it is the aerodynamic resistance linked to the volume of the helmet which, by applying a rearward action to it, requires the user to have to respond to it with a reaction towards the 'before. However, the aerodynamic force pulling the helmet back is due less to the direct pressure of the air against the front face of the helmet than to the suction of the rear part of the helmet due to the turbulence of the air streams and resulting depression.

The helmet according to the invention proposes to remedy these faults by the use of a double vision screen system adapted - according to a preferred and complete variant * of the invention - to a specific shell. According to this alternative embodiment, one of the two screens is, in the closed position, integrated into the line of the hull and offers the particularity of being able to be raised, outside the hull, without however harming the aerodynamic qualities of this one. The second screen, the height of which is, at least in its central zone, lower than that of the external screen, meanwhile, is raised inside the hull. The presence of this second screen combined with a judicious ventilation system makes it possible to fight effectively against the formation of fogging. This ventilation system consists of an air intake made in the frontal area of the hull or the upper part of the exterior screen. To be effective, this air inlet must be associated with two outlets - of larger total section -, thus forming a low pressure system sucking the air inside the helmet. These outputs are openings made in the two lateral zones of the external screen, close to each of its ends. In order to increase the efficiency of the low pressure system by accelerating the circulation of air tangentially to these outlets, each end of the screen is fitted with a cover covering the air outlets, open towards the front and towards the rear, the rear opening section being the largest. The two screens being in the lowered position, the whole of this ventilation system - the front air inlet opening below the upper edge of the interior screen - has the effect of forming a film of air moving between the two screens, where its effectiveness as qu'antibuée _f exhaled air by the utilisa¬ tor being below the lower edge of the screen interior. In addition, this system prevents the user from receiving cold air from the front air inlet directly into the eyes. Likewise, the hau- the interior screen being sufficient to provide protection. eyes, it allows good driving comfort for a user who prefers to roll up the completely raised exterior screen. Furthermore, this short screen can be tinted and used, or not, at will and instantaneously, with the external screen each time the light conditions require it, the movements of the two screens being independent one on the other, the interior screen being actuated by means of a member accessible by the user whatever the position of the exterior screen. According to one embodiment, the interior screen is articulated on two lateral and opposite points of the shell located on the same axis perpendicular to the vertical longitudinal median plane of the helmet. The material axes carrying these joints are internal to the hull. This screen is raised by sliding between the shell proper and the external surface of the shell provided for this purpose: recesses and possibly direct stratification or internal double shell. The method of attachment and articulation chosen allows easy and tool-free dismantling and assembly. This method of attachment consists in a cut other than cylindrical made at each end of the screen and emerging therein. These cut-outs during the setting up of the screen engage on male parts of corresponding section linked to the internal face of the shell but free in rotation relative to the latter. The connection between the ends of the screen and the parts on which they engage is then comparable to that of a flat key with a screw head. This connection allows the rotation of the screen around a fixed axis relative to the shell. A combination of hollows and bumps formed between the surface of the shell and one of the moving parts and resting against it - the screen or the parts which carry it - ensures the rotational positioning of the screen: raised position, lowered and "disassembly". A suitable elastic system, pressing against the internal face of the screen at each of its articulations maintains the pressure between the other face of the screen and the part which carries it as well as possibly between this last part and the inner side of the hull. Another combination of hollows and bumps between the screen and one of the cooperating parts ensures the translational connection of the screen relative to the shell. It is the screen itself which, when it is positioned below its normal position of use, is freed from the stud or boss ensuring its connection in translation relative to the shell, or by sliding on an inclined plane tending to move it away from the hull or away from it - the part or part of part pushing each of its ends towards the hull, either that it has a groove or a rim in an arc of a circle, in or against which the nipple circulates, emerging outside the screen at the level that the nipple reaches when the screen is in its disassembly position. Simply remove the screen by pulling it towards the outside of the helmet . The parts or the two sides of the part between which each end of the screen is introduced being chamfered or flared forward, the installation of a new screen is facilitated. This new screen is held in place when, having raised it in its operating position, the system for hooking in translation is allowed to return to its place. According to a variant embodiment, the operation of the screen is done by action on a lever extending on at least one side, towards the base of the shell, the part to which the screen is linked in rotation, or the screen himself. In the variant according to which the external screen is, in the closed position, integrated into the line of the shell, its external surface is totally in the extension of that of the shell, forming no projection with it. Its opening movement then breaks down into at least two stages: the first, of apparent forward translation, the distance from the hull. Simultaneously, the ends of the screen are also detached laterally from the surface of the hull for easy subsequent lifting. This advanced position of the screen is a position that can advantageously be taken to the screen to allow efficient ventilation and without turbulence, due more to the depression than to the direct action of the wind, inside helmet. In a second step, the screen can be raised according to a rotational movement bringing it opposite the surface of the shell against which it will be pressed, by a new movement in translation, against the hull. These last two movements - rotation and translation - can also be simultaneous, thus allowing the screen to pass along a continuous curve from the lowered and advanced position to the rele¬ vated position and pressed against the hull. In order to reduce the suction of the helmet towards the rear, due to the vacuum, the screen can also be raised, above the frontal zone, up to the upper part of the shell and kept at a few millimeters. of the surface thereof, slightly inclined with respect to it so as to form an aero¬ dynamic flap whose cross section of the air inlet between the internal face of the screen and the shell is lower than that of the output- towards the rear. The screen thus raised behaves like an aerodynamic flap, the differential speed between the air streams drawn in and laminated between the shell and the screen on the one hand and the air flow passing over the 'screen on the other hand, having the effect of repositioning the air streams against the rear of the hull, thereby limiting the surface thereof subjected to vacuum. Such an aerodynamic flap can also, independently of the vision screen, be adapted to a helmet and treated in the form of an adjustable or removable fixed hoop which would have the advantage of being able to fulfill its role, even the screen being in lowered position. According to an alternative embodiment, such a hoop is designed as an outer double shell open towards the front and towards the rear and inside which the screen can possibly be housed in the raised position. According to an alternative embodiment, in order not to be aerodynamic discomfort when in the raised position, the external screen is characterized in that its internal face offers an dental profile in all respects to that of the external surface of the hull in the area against which it can be pressed in the raised position. By way of illustration, let us reason in the vertical longitudinal median plane of the helmet in particular, where the radius "R" of the external frontal curve of the shell is equal — or less, of the value of a functional clearance than that of the curve of the internal face of the screen in this same plane. Due to the material thickness of the screen and the need to connect its external surface with that of the shell when it is in the closed position, the "X" axis fixed by relative to the screen, movable relative to the shell, perpendicular to the vertical longitudinal mid-plane of the helmet and passing through the movable point of this plane, center of the circle of radius "R" generating the internal surface of the screen , is in a position "X"'fixed relative to the shell, when the screen is in the closed position. This "X" axis is not necessarily confused with the "Y" axis parallel to "X", but fixed relative to the shell and passing through the point of the vertical longitudinal median plane of the helmet which is also the center of the circle of the same radius "R" generating the external surface of the shell in its frontal zone. When the screen is, initially, detached from the shell according to an apparent movement of translation relative to the latter, the axis "X" moves away from the axes "X"'and"Y". In the raised position and pressed against the hull, the "X" axis, on the contrary, approaches the "Y" axis at the point to be, with functional games almost confused with it. The curve of the hull in its frontal area therefore being assumed to be continuous and of constant radius "R", the axes "X '" on the one hand and "Y" on the other hand being offset by a "value sufficient to allow the connection of the external surface of the screen to the shell, the choice of the axes of rotation and the nature of the movement of the screen must be such that "X"'and"Y" are found one and the other on the trajectory of the curve described by the "X" axis during the movement of the screen. On the other hand, to arrive in the raised position up to the upper zone of the hull and detached from it, giving the screen the characteristics of an aerodynamic flap, two cases can be envisaged: Either the curve of the hull in the upper zone is identical to that of the frontal zone, of radius "R" centered on the same axis "Y ", in which case in its lifting movement the screen moves its axis" X "until the screen is in its position of aerodynamic flap; either it is the curve of the shell which changes in its upper part and sees its radius of curvature decrease towards the rear, in which case the "X" axis at the end of the lifting movement may still coincide with the "Y" axis. In order to allow the screen of such complex lifting movements, and according to a first alternative embodiment, the vision screen is itself articulated by each of its ends along an axis "U" - parallel at "X" and at "Y" - on an intermediate piece - generally a disc or link - itself articulated on the hull according to an axis of rotation "V" parallel to "U" but not melted with it. This part optionally bears on its face against which the screen comes to bear, a second material axis which, during the movements of the screen, can circulate in a groove made in the screen. or not confused with the "V" axis. Starting from the "closed screen" position in which "X" is "X"', and where the "V" axis is in a vertical transverse plane prior to that comprising the axis "U", this set-ar¬ ticulated allows by a rotational movement of the intermediate piece around s on axis V, to bring the screen still in the lowered position in its advanced position of use relative to the shell, according to a movement comparable to that of a connecting rod. The quality of this translational movement is improved if the "U" axis is engaged in a groove made in the screen in place of an adjusted cylindrical bore. Then, by a rotation of the screen around the axis "U", with respect to the intermediate piece, one passes from the lowered position- placed in the raised position. By a new movement of rotation of the intermediate piece around the axis "V", the screen is pressed against the shell thus bringing the axis "X" in coincidence with "Y". To move to the aerodynamic flap position, the position of "X" is further modified by acting on the rotation of the intermediate piece around the "V" axis and of the screen around the "U" axis. According to a first variant, the separation of the ends of the screen from the lateral zones of the hull is ensured by a combination of inclined planes between two surfaces which are movable relative to one another and which bear on one another : O intermediate piece-shell, intermediate piece-screen or screen-shell. According to a second variant, one of the material axes joining the screen to the shell according to "V" or "U" is equipped with a helical system cooperating with the bore in which it is introduced. During the movement of the screen, the maintenance and the guiding of the latter are completed by the action of one or more studs integral with the shell or the intermediate part, fixed relative to this support, around which are guided by the lights or grooves made in the screen and forming cams limiting the amplitude of the different movements and as a function of which the rotational movements of the intermediate piece around the "V" axis and the screen around the axis "U" are de¬ composed or simultaneous. A cover, open towards the front and towards the rear - the screen being in the closed position - is fixed on each end of the screen, above the lateral air outlets, which can be combined with a "groove-cam" useful for guiding the screen. Such a cover, fixed relative to the screen, moves with it relative to the shell. When put in place, it can, by clipping, above the screen, around the head of the material axis "U" - if it passes through a cylindrical bore of the same diameter practiced in the screen - used for easy and removable attachment without tools, of the screen on the intermediate piece and thereby on the helmet. According to a second alternative embodiment of the external screen, each end of the screen is linked, permanently or removable, to a flat part extending it, through which the bores, grooves, lights or functional bosses are formed. normally shown on the screen itself. This, in particular in order to have a simplified tool -mould for manufacturing the screen. According to a third embodiment of the outer screen, each end of the screen is engaged in a flat piece extending it and has a possibility of movement in translation relative to this part, through which are also formed the grooves, lights or functional bosses normally appearing on the screen itself. A combination of inclined planes between two surfaces bearing against one another and movable with respect to each other, then makes it possible, during the translational movement of the screen relative to the part, to extend it. , to take off the screen from the lateral zones of the helmet in order to make its lifting movement - by rotation around the "U" axis of the pieces extending each end of the screen - easy. In order to reduce the risk of water entering the interior of the helmet in rainy weather and trickling onto the inner face of the screen, the shell, in its frontal area, just above the upper edge of the external vision screen - in the lowered position - has its external surface arranged so as to form a series of hollows - like grooves - or reliefs substantially parallel to each other and with the upper edge of the vision screen, each extending over a length at least equal to that of the vision screen. The rainwater, collected in the frontal area of the hull and flowing in the direction of the vi¬ sion screen meets these hollows or reliefs before reaching the upper edge of the screen. Pushed by the wind and guided by these forms, it is thus evacuated towards the lateral and rear areas of the hull without having to cross the vision screen. In the variant according to which these "raindrops" are -in the vertical longitudinal median plane of the cas¬ that- in relief with respect to the general curve of radius "R" from the frontal area of the hull, they can constitute an artifice allowing both to give the shell in the area near the upper edge of the vision screen in the closed position a local radius of curvature of the value of "R" increased by the material thickness of the screen outside. In this case, the outer screen -whose inner face retains a radius of curvature of value "R" equal, apart from the functional clearance, to that of the shell in the area, above the rain system, against which it can be pressed in the raised position - can, while offering, in the closed position the appearance of a screen completely integrated in the line of the shell, have - as well as in the alternative embodiment if - Ion which the external screen is not, in the closed position, integrated into the hull line - its "X" axis in a "X"'position where "X"' is confused with "Y". This particularity results in a simplification of the vision screen system since, in particular, in the third embodiment envisaged for the exterior screen ^ the flat part in which each end of the screen is guided in translation can then be linked to the shell along a single axis "U" coincident with "V", and no longer by means of a part carrying 5 two offset axes "U" and "V". The single "U" axis and then itself merged, with the "X"'and"Y" axes. ''

The list of variants set out above can in no way be considered exhaustive and ^' capable of limiting the scope of this patent. It is thus remarkable that it would not go beyond the framework of information.

10 vention any element of the said invention used alone on an otherwise ordinary helmet. This would be the case with the rain-proof system made up of edges on the surface of the frontal area of any helmet, of any vision screen used alone on a helmet but whose mode of connection to the shell would be in accordance with those characterizing

- - at least one of the two screens described in this document, or of any anti-fog screen system suitable for a helmet and consisting of two screens whose lower edges - at least in their central zone - would not be joined and allowing the movement of a moving air film between them, the air exhaled by the user being below the edge

20 bottom of the interior screen. Thus, it would not depart from the scope of the invention any vision screen used alone on a helmet but is present in the form of a single screen with double walls - separated by sufficient space to allow the circulation of an air film- joining at the upper edge of the screen, not joining

2 - at least in the central zone - at their lower edges, the height of the internal wall being - at least in its central zone - lower than that of the external wall, the front air intake and the outlets lateral air being pierced through the outer wall. Such a single double-walled screen is molded or formed from 0 two thermoformed or curved screens assembled together by being separated by a spacer at their upper edges and at their ends.

Likewise, the exemplary embodiments of the helmet forming the object of this patent are described below by way of illustration and in no way limitative with reference to the appended drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a side view of a helmet equipped with a usual vision screen system, of known type.

FIG. 2 is a side view of a helmet equipped with a screen exterior according to the invention shown in its different positions.

FIG. 3 es a side view of a helmet equipped with a double anti-fog vision screen system according to the invention.

FIG. 4 is a side view of the helmet illustrated in FIG. 3 ”disassembled exterior screen and shell-shown in a neighboring room (thin lines).

FIG. is ^ur --e seen -> - side of the end of the interior screen illustrated in FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 is a view on three sides of the connecting piece between the shell and one side of the interior screen illustrated in FIG. 4 "

FIG. 7 is a side view of the helmet illustrated in FIG. 3 ”interior screen and side cover removed and shell shown in adjacent room.

FIG. 8 is a side view of the external screen illustrated in FIG. ~ And two partial sections along AA and BB of this same screen.

FIG. 9 is a side view, a partial section along CC, and a section along DD of the side cover cooperating with the screen shown in FIG. 8.

FIG. 10 is a view on three sides of the part ensuring the connection between one side of the external screen and the shell illustrated in FIG. 7.

FIG. 11 is a side view of the shell illustrated in FIG. 3 * screens and parts illustrated in FIG. 6 and in FIG. 10 disassembled, control system by cable of the apparent external screen. FIG. 12 is a block diagram of the cable control system for the external screen of the helmet illustrated in FIG. 3-

FIG. 13 is an enlarged half-section along EE of the ilustrated helmet in FIG. 3 "

FIG. 1 is a side view of another exemplary embodiment of an exterior screen according to the invention shown in the closed position on a shell, dismantled side cover.

FIG. 15 is a side view and a partial section along FF of the side cover cooperating with the screen illustrated in FIG. 14.

FIG. 16 is a side view of another embodiment of an external screen according to the invention shown in the closed position on a shell, dismantled side cover.

FIG. 17 is a section along GG of the exterior screen system illustrated in FIG. 16, with the side cover relating thereto. The hull and the connecting part between the shell and the screen system are represented in neighboring parts (thin lines).

FIG. 18 is a side view of another embodiment of an external screen according to the invention shown in the closed position on a shell, dismantled side cover.

FIG. 1 is a side view of a simplified variant of the system of anti-fog screens consisting of a single screen with double walls shown alone.

In order to facilitate the study of the alternative embodiments shown, let us assume that all of these variants are common:

- "X" is the theoretical axis, perpendicular to the vertical and longitudinal median plane (p) of the helmet, passing through the point of this plane which is also the center of the circle of radius "R + j" corresponding to the radius of the curve ¬ re, in the plane (p), of the internal face of the external screen. "X" is an axis movable relative to the shell, fixed relative to the screen with which it moves.

- "X" ¹ is the axis of the fixed shell relative to the latter with which "X" coincides when the screen is in the closed position (a).

- "Y" is the axis of the shell, parallel to "X '" passing through the point of the plane (p) which is also the center of the circle of radius "R" corresponding to the radius of curvature, in the plane (p) , of the external surface of the shell in its frontal zone, against which the screen can, in the raised position, come to be pressed.

- "V" is the axis of the hull, parallel to "X ¹ " and "Y", according to which the intermediate parts between the outer screen and the hull are articu¬ lated to the hull, on either side of it.

- "U" is the axis parallel to "X" 'and "Y" along which each end of the outer screen is articulated to the intermediate piece linked to the shell along the axis "V". FIG. 1 makes it possible to observe the turbulence which forms both at the rear and when the screen is raised at the front of a helmet fitted with a vision screen of known type.

Figure 2 shows the movement of a screen 1 according to the invention. From the closed position (a), it passes, thanks to the action imparted to the operating member 3 in its advanced position (c). From there, by a rotational movement, it arrives at position (d). Subjected to a force F, it can then be pressed against the shell 2 of which it marries the profile - position (e) -. A force F applied to each end of the screen makes pass from (e) to (f), position in which it takes the inclination 'required to fulfill the function of aerodynamic flap which after - a new rotation, it occupies in position (g). In this figure, we can see the improvement in the aerodynamics of the helmet, which results in the absence of turbulence in its frontal area, whatever the position of the screen, and in the reduction of turbulence in the rear. helmet when the screen is in position (g). In this FIG. 2, the interior screen system 7-9 as well as the rain-proof system 6, for greater clarity of the drawing, are not

10 represented.

Figure 3 illustrates how the dual vision screen system works in its anti-fog function. The air entering the interior of the shell through the orifices is blocked between the two screens and sucked towards the lateral zones by the effect of the depression due to

-jt- _j the presence of the orifices 28 made through the external screen 1.

The air thus sucked in is evacuated through these same orifices 28 -which in this alternative embodiment are also "cam grooves" used for guiding the external screen - and expelled from the back of the helmet with the flow of air circulating between the lateral zones of the external screen 1 and the lateral covers 19 covering these zones. The inner screen ~, each cut end of which is engaged on a cooperating male section 8 -of the part 9 * can be raised, its axes (i) and (h) passing into the positions (i ') and (h ¹ ), by action on the lever 10 extending the part 9 "shown only in FIG. 6. The elastic systems, practiced during the molding of the part in the form of tongues 11 in the internal flank of the part, maintain the pressure between the screen and the other flank of the part "A combination of hollows and hemispherical bosses 12 between the surface and the shell 0 cc of the part 9 bearing against the shell / itself ensures the rotational positioning of the screen in relation to the hull. In the raised position, the interior screen is housed between the shell 2 and the double shell 13. The translational positioning of the screen relative to the shell is provided by the boss 14 formed on the surface. 5 dull hull and around which circulates the groove 1 made in the screen. This boss 14 also has the function of limiting the ampli¬ tude of the rotational movement of the screen. When the screen is brought into its lowered position below its position in use normal, the base of the boss 14 being in abutment against the edge 16 of the cutout made in the screen 7 »the axes (i) and (h) being in their position (i") and (h "), the boss 14 is no longer engaged in the groove 15. The screen can then be removed towards the outside of the helmet. The reverse step allows the reassembly of a new screen. The part 9 is itself linked to the shell around the tubular axis 17 formed on the internal surface of the latter. An elastic ring 18 provides the connection between these two elements. Figure 7 allows the side cover 1 being assumed to be dismantled to see the cutouts made at each end of

10 the screen and ensuring its guidance in the event that it can be raised both in position (e) and in position (g). The axis "U" belonging to the part 21 passes through a light in an arc da circle 22 of the screen 1. In this embodiment, the axis "U" is merged with the axis "X" , shown here in its "X" position. Room 21 is

Î itself linked in rotation by a central axis "V" introduced inside the tubular axis 17 of the shell. The illustrated helmet represents a variant embodiment in which the screen 1 is in the closed position (a) - completely integrated into the line of the shell, including in its lateral zones, a combination of inclined planes 26 -26 '

20 made on the external surface of the shell and on the surface of the part 21 bearing against the shell allows, when the axis "U", by a rotation of the intermediate part 21 around the axis "V" arrives in coincidence with the axis "Z" - the screen 1 then being in its position (c) - to take off the two ends of the screen of the hull of a sufficient value to allow the easy lifting of the screen until at position (d). There by a force F 'applied to the screen, it is pressed against the shell thus bringing the axis "U" - so "X" - from its position "Z" to its position "Y". During these movements, the screen is guided by the circulation of the material axes 23, belonging to part 21, in the 0 "cam-groove" 30 of screen 1, and 27 belonging to the hull, in the "groove-cam ^{, r} 28 of the screen. By applying a force F to the base of the ends of the screen in its position (e), the axis" U "is allowed to circulate in the light 22 while by joining the position "X"', by a simultaneous rotation of the part 21 around the axis "V". The screen 1 5 thus detached from the shell 2 -position (f) -, can then be raised se¬ lon a rotational movement around the axis "U" in its position (g). During this last phase of the lifting movement, the guiding of the screen is ensured, in addition by the circulation of the axis 23 in the lu- mière 30 "P ^by that of the axis 27 in the light 28 from which it leaves in 29. At the same time, the axis 3 ^" _* belonging to the shell, engages in the groove 32 of the screen, taking thus the "relay" of the axis 27 previously associated with the groove 28. From the position (e) of the screen, it can also be brought back to its lowered position (c). It suffices, by action on the operating member 3 "to print on the piece 21 a rotational movement causing the axis" U "to return from the position" Y "to the position" Z ". The screen in position ( d) being then applied a force H, by rotation around the axis "U", arrives in its position (c). A force G, directed towards the inside of the helmet allows by a new rotation of the part 21 around from the "V" axis, to pass the "U" axis from the "Z" position to the "X ¹ " position, and thereby the screen, from the position (c) to the position (a The edges of each ex¬ end of the screen 1 fitted with slides 33 allow by a trans- - ~> lation according to I, the fixing of the cover 19 equipped with slides 34 coopé¬ rants with 33 "The combination of hollows and bosses 35-36 between the screen and the cover ensures the positioning of these elements between them. The operating member 3 is a sliding button on a rail 39 pra¬ ticated at the base of the shell 2. The cable 37 which is linked to it passes around an axis -or a small pulley 38- integral with the internal surface of the hull 2, before joining - by first circulating inside the cas¬ that, then in a groove 41 formed outside the hull and itself joining the counterbore 42 used to house the part 21 - the pi¬ this 21 at the periphery of which it circulates in a groove 43. to be fixed therein by introduction of the cylinder 40 - set on it - in the bore 40 ' ^Q e the piece 21. This same cable extends through the groove 41 * then, inside a sheath 37 '' in the rib 44 of the shell 2 to the part 21 'to which it is fixed by its end provided with a cylinder 40 "crimped onto it and inserted into the corresponding bore of the part 21 '. In this alternative embodiment, each end of the screen is fixed on the piece 21 or 21 * by means of two screws 45 ~ 46 on the axes "U" and 23. It is accessible after removing the side covers 1. The groove 47 formed in the wounding of the tubular axis 17 of the shell 2, wider than the elastic ring 25 allows the part 21 to have relative to the shell 2 sufficient freedom in translation to ensure the separation of the ends of the screen necessary for easy lifting thereof. FIG. 11 makes it possible to observe the action of the rain-proof system constituted by the edges 6 on which the water pushed by the wind, is evacuated towards the rear. FIG. 14 shows another embodiment of an external screen 4i according to the invention. The screen 49 is articulated on the part 51 along a cylindrical axis "U" coincident with "X" passing through a cylindrical cutout of the same diameter, apart from the functional play, practiced in the screen. The lifting movement is simpler here, the raised position being the only position (e). These two elements give rise to the design of "cam grooves" 52-54 "The cover 55 allows, thanks to a shape which engages in a groove formed around the" U "axis above the screen, d 'assu¬ rer alone the connection between the screen 49 and the part 51. Figure 16 shows another variant in which the screen 57 pro¬ prement said at its ends extended by parts 64. These are the parts 64 which receive the axis "U" and the groove 59 cooperating with a stud 58 of the shell to guide the screen. In this variant, the screen 57 is detachably linked to the part 64 by these ends each housed in a counterbore 60 of the part 64, and pierced with cutouts 62 in which the bosses 66 of the cover 67 engage, itself fixed on the piece 64, above the screen, by three screws 65. The screen is also used here to ensure the connection between the piece 64 and the piece 85 by clipping one of its cutouts in a groove practi ¬ placed around the axis "U" above the part 64. In this alternative embodiment, the screen changes from position (a) to position (e) due to rotation of the part 85 around the axis "V" at an angle close to 3 ° 0, and not as in the cases studied previously se¬ lon an angular sector passing the axis "U" from the position "X '" to the position "Z" and vice versa. Likewise, while in the previous variants the axis "U" was merged with the axis "X", thus making it pass from the latter from position "X ¹ " to position "Y" when it passed itself in these positions, here, the axis "U" is not confused with "X" which is a theoretical axis which must nonetheless coincide with "X"'when the screen is in the closed position (a) and with the "Y" axis when it is in the raised position and pressed against the hull (e). The design of the "groove-cam" 59 as well as the choice of the axes "U" and "V" are established as a function of this requirement of having "X"'and"Y" on the trajectory described by the "X" axis during movements of the screen 57 relative to the shell. FIG. 18 shows another alternative embodiment of a screen ex- tieur 68 in which each end of the screen 68 itself is engaged in a counterbore 77 in one piece 75. The edges of the counterbore 77 serve as slides for the screen 68, which can move in relation to to the piece 75 _* u ^{* 11} boss 76 of the external surface 5 of the shell forms an inclined plane passing through a light 7 ¹ of the piece 75 e * of another light 79 from the ends of the screen. A stud 70 of the part 75 passing through the light 79 of the screen limits the amplitude of the movements in translation of the latter relative to the part 75 "When the screen is pulled outwards from the

10 helmet, the rear edge of the light 79 is supported on the boss 76 and slides on it until, having come into abutment against the stud 70, the ends of the screen and the part 75 are detached from the lateral zones of the shell of a sufficient value to make the lifting of the screen easy. The screen 68 is then in position (c). The room

1575 accompanied him in his movement of detachment from the lateral zones of the hull, and not in his movement of translation towards the front. From this position (c), by rotation of the part 75 around the axis "U" - here merged with "X" - of the intermediate part 78 - itself linked to the shell by the central axis "V" - the screen is brought to position (d). During this rotational movement, the boss 76 slides successively on the inclined planes 72 then 73 of the surface of the part 75 bearing against the shell, to finally lodge in the groove 74 of this same

-s »surface of the part 75 _* By applying a force F ′ to the screen, it is passed from position (d) to (e) by a translational movement of the screen 68 relative to the piece 75- During these movements, the "U" axis - so "X" - goes from the "X *" position to the "Y" position. In all the variant embodiments described, the elastic system now at each end of the external screen, and the annexed parts to which they are linked, bearing against the shell, is constituted by the elasticity of the screen itself , whose radius of curvature, when ** - when it is disassembled, is, -in a horizontal plane like that, according to EE, indicated in Figure 3- less than that of the hull in this same plane. Other means such as springs could equally be used for this purpose. FIG. 1 is a simplified alternative embodiment of the double anti-fog screen system according to the invention. The screen 82 can alone fulfill this function since it has two walls 80-81 which are joined by their upper edge. Inlets 84 and air outlets 83 are made through the single outer wall 80. The inner wall 81 also joins the wall 80 in the lateral zone close to the ends of the screen 82, behind the air outlets 83.

The object of the invention can be adopted advantageously by any industrialist manufacturing protective helmets of all kinds, both of the so-called "integral" type and of the so-called "jet" or "semi-open" type.

Claims

1. Aerodynamic and anti-fog system of shell and vision screen _% of a protective helmet, characterized in that it consists of a system of double screens (1-7) separated, when lowered, by a sufficient space to allow between them 3ra formation of a film of moving air, the air penetrating between the two screens by one or more orifices (5) -practiced through the frontal area of the shell (2) or the outer screen (1) and opening below the upper edge of the inner screen (7) - "and discharging through orifices (28) made through the outer screen (1) in the lateral zones close to its ends; in that the height of the inner screen (7) is, at least in its central area, lower than that of the outer screen (1) and in that the lower edges of the screens ( 1) and (7), at least in their central zone, do not meet. 2. Aerodynamic shell system of a protective helmet characterized in that the front part of the shell (2) located just above the upper edge of the cut-out of the shell delimiting the useful field of vision is treated to form one or more ridges or other hollow or raised shapes relative to the general curve of the frontal area of the hull forming as many "rain-proof waves" (6) extending above the vision screen (1 ) -up to the lateral areas of the hull (2). 3. aerodynamic anti-fog vision screen system of a protective helmet according to claim 1, characterized in that the interior screen (81) and the screen (80) are joined at their upper edges, thus forming no that a single double-walled screen (82), the outer wall (80) of which is pierced by the air inlet (84) and outlet (83) orifices; such a screen is as well molded as thermoformed or made up of a set of three thermoplastic sheets simply bent during their mounting on the helmet, one being the outer wall, the other the inner wall, and the third, a spacer only existing in the areas close to the ends of the screen and in a narrow strip connecting these two ends by passing at the upper edge of the screens between which it is mounted. 4. Anti-fog vision screen system according to claim 1, characterized in that the external screen (i) and the internal screen (7) are two separate screens whose lifting movements are independent of one another, the external screen (1) is raised to the outside of the shell (2) and the interior screen (7), by means of an action on an operating member (10) accessible to the user regardless of the position of the exterior screen (1) can be raised inside the hull (2). 5. Vision screen system according to claim 1, 3 or 4 ” ^ca * ~ characterized in that the screen (7), rising inside the shell (2) is linked to the latter by cutouts -not cylindrical- of its ends, each of which is engaged on a cooperating male section (θ) of a part (9) itself linked to the internal surface of the shell (2) along an axis of rotation (17) and in that a lever (10), extending towards the base of the shell (2) at least one of the parts (9) on which the screen is engaged or the screen (7) itself , is the maneuvering member by which the movements of the screen (7) are controlled, rising inside the shell (2). 6. Vision screen system according to claim 1,3 "4 ° u 5" characterized in that the translational connection of the screen (7) rising inside the shell (2) relative to the hull (2) is provided by a combination of hollows and bumps - or nipples (14) and grooves (1) - between the screen (7) and the hull (2) or between the screen (7) and the parts () _j and in that the screen (7) is freed from this connection when it is lowered below its normal position of use. 7. shell and vision screen system of a protective helmet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the curve of the external surface of the shell (2) in its frontal area is - except for the possible system of rain-proof edges (6) - on all planes a continuous convex curve whose profile and radii of curvature are, apart from the functional clearances, identical to those of the internal face of the screen (i) or (82) rising outside the shell (2) and in that the lifting movement of this screen (1) or (82) is a movement composed of rotation and apparent rotation which first moves the screen away from the shell (c), in order to finish it, press it (e) against the frontal zone of the shell (2) which - with functional play close to it - follows the profile. 8. Vision screen system according to any one of the previous vendications, characterized in that the ends of the screen (i) or (82) rising outside the hull are each covered by a cover (1) "open towards the front and towards the rear, forming a "tunnel" above the practical air outlet orifices (28) or (83) through the external screen (i) or (8θ). 9. Hull and vision screen system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each of the ends of the screen (i) or (82) rising outside the co¬ that (2) is linked by the combination of an axis "U" and a bore (22), to an intermediate piece (21) itself linked to the hull according to an axis of rotation "V" located in a vertical transverse plane anterior to that containing the axis "U"; in that these axes are chosen so that the axis "Y" is on the path described by the axis "X" during the lifting movement of the screen (1) or (82), "X "being -in close functional play- confused with" Y "when the screen (1) or (82) is in position (e) - raised and pressed against the shell (2); and in that the guiding of the screen (1) is completed by the action of one or more studs (23-27-31) cooperating with grooves or lights (28-30-32) acting as determining cams the nature and amplitude of the movements of the screen (1). 10. Vision screen system according to any one of the preceding re¬ vendications, characterized in that the ends of the screen (57) - falling under! • 'outside of the shell - are parts pla ¬ your (64) comprising the grooves, axes or functional bores necessary for the connection between the screen and the shell. 11. Vision screen system according to claim 10, caracté¬ ized in that the screen (68) itself has a possibility of movement in translation relative to the flat parts (75) extending and binding it to the shell . 12. Vision screen system according to any one of the re¬ vendications. to 10, in the case where the screen (1) rising outside the hull is not in the closed position (a) - integrated into the line of the hull or according to claim 11, characterized in that the intermediate parts (21-21 ') between the shell (2) and the screen (1) are each replaced by a single material axis "U" of the shell, melted apart from the functional clearances with " Y ". 13. Vision screen system according to any one of the preceding re¬ vendications, characterized in that, in the case where the notch (1-68) rising outside the hull is - in the closed position (a) - fully integrated into the hull line, a combination of inclined planes (26-26 ') (76-68 ) between two movable surfaces with respect to each other, ensures the separation of the ends of the screen (l-68) from the lateral zones of the hull during the phase of the lifting movement passing the screen (1 -68) from position (a) to position (vs). 14. Aerodynamic vision shell and screen system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an aerodynamic flap is constituted by the vision screen (1) raised in the position (g) covering the upper zone of the hull and extending towards its lateral zones. 15. Vision screen system according to any one of the preceding reven¬ dications, characterized in that a cable system (37) causes, when one acts on an operating member (3) to which it is linked , the synchronous rotation, of the same angular value and in the same sense of the two intermediate parts - (21 and 21 ') or (9 and 9 ¹ ) - between a screen (1) or (7) and the shell, located on either side of the shell (2); in that these intermediate pieces (21-21 ') or (9 and 9') are also small pulleys; in that the operating member can be a button (3) guided on a shape (39) of the lower edge of the shell (2) and which can be moved in translation; and in that the cable system can be summed up as a single cable (37) linked to the periphery of each of the two intermediate pieces - (21 and 21 ') or (9 and 9') ~ between a screen (1) or (7) and the shell (2), and ending, at least on one side, by an operating member (3) by which it is thus possible to control the rotation, in at least one direction, pieces (21 and 21 ') or (9 and 9') "and thereby at least one phase of the movement of the screen concerned,