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US5976381A - Chromatographic purification of cyclosporing using a high pressure carbon dioxide eluent - Google Patents

Chromatographic purification of cyclosporing using a high pressure carbon dioxide eluent Download PDF

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Publication number
US5976381A
US5976381A US08/894,957 US89495797A US5976381A US 5976381 A US5976381 A US 5976381A US 89495797 A US89495797 A US 89495797A US 5976381 A US5976381 A US 5976381A
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Prior art keywords
cyclosporin
process according
chromatography
column
weight
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US08/894,957
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Inventor
Juhani Lundell
Jarkko Ruohonen
Olli Aaltonen
Martti Alkio
Anneli Hase
Tapani Suortti
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Santen Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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Santen Oy
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Assigned to SANTEN OY reassignment SANTEN OY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SUORTTI, TAPANI, AALTONEN, OLLI, ALKIO, MARTTI, HASE, ANNELI, RUOHONEN, JARKKO, LUNDELL, JUHANI
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K7/00—Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K7/64—Cyclic peptides containing only normal peptide links
    • C07K7/645—Cyclosporins; Related peptides

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of pure cyclosporin chromatographically from a mixture of different cyclosporins and other substances prepared by fermentation, using an eluent consisting essentially of high pressure carbon dioxide.
  • Cyclosporins are neutral, highly lipophilic, cyclic undekapeptides with a variable amino acid composition. At present, 25 different cyclosporin forms (A-Z) are known, from which the A-form has proved to be clinically the most valuable. Cyclosporins are produced by some fungi, e.g. Cylindrocarpon lucidum, Trichoderma polysporum, and various species of the genus Tolypocladium. Cyclosporins have been discovered to have not only of antibiotic activity, but also immunosuppressive properties, and they are currently used in the post-operative treatment of transplantation operations to prevent the rejection of the transplants. Cyclosporins are produced by fermenting fungal strains which produce great amounts of them. When mycclial extracts are obtained they usually contain different cyclosporin forms as a mixture. The desired form of cyclosporin has to be separated from the mixture obtained by fermentation by a purification process.
  • the separation of cyclosporin A is carried out by extracting the mycelial mass obtained by the fermentation first with methanol, whereafter the final separation is carried out in silica columns using different mixtures of organic solvents.
  • the separation method is fairly slow and demands large chromatography columns with respect to the production volumes. Additionally, in a conventional process, great amounts of organic solvents must be handled, the purification and recycling of which is uneconomic and requires large equipment.
  • the desired cyclosporin form can easily be obtained in pure form from a mixture of cyclosporin forms and other substances prepared by fermentation by feeding the mixture into a chromatography column with an eluent consisting of high pressure carbon dioxide and an adjuvant, and recovering from the eluent flow, the fraction which contains the desired form of cyclosporin in adequately pure form.
  • any desired form of cyclosporin included in the starting mixture can be prepared in pure form.
  • cyclosporin A or cyclosporin G is prepared.
  • the purity of cyclosporin meeting the drug requirements has to be at least 98.5 weight-%.
  • An advantage of the process is in that the separation of the cyclosporin forms can be carried out continuously in phases so that the following batch of the mixture can be fed to the chromatography column soon after the previous batch, whereby the desired form of cyclosponrin meeting the drug requirements can continuously be recovered from the eluent flow coming out of the column.
  • the purification process can thus be carried out rapidly and with small equipment with respect to the production rate.
  • the production process according to the invention is simple. It has only three main stages: feeding of the cyclosporin mixture to a chromatography column with an eluent consisting of carbon dioxide and an adjuvant, chromatographic separation of the desired cyclosporin form, and separation of the pure product from the eluent.
  • a mixture prepared by fermentation containing many forms of cyclosporin and other substances originating from the fermentation as extracted into a suitable solvent, e.g. toluene, is fed into the eluent flow consisting of high pressure carbon dioxide and an appropriate adjuvant.
  • the eluent is fed into a chromatography column at a temperature of 20 to 100° C., preferably at the temperature of 20 to 60° C., and at an increased pressure, preferably at the pressure of 75 to 350 bar (7.5 to 35 MPa).
  • a continuous eluent flow is running through the column.
  • carbon dioxide is used, to which an adjuvant or a modifying agent has been added, being e.g.
  • a low molecular alcohol preferably methanol or 2-propanol.
  • a mixture of suitable low molecular alcohols can also be used.
  • the amount of the adjuvant in the eluent is between 1 to 50, preferably 4 to 28 weight-%.
  • the chromatography column has been packed with a solid filler, e.g. with silica particles or modified silica.
  • a further advantage of the process of the invention is also the fact that one can directly use as a starting material solutions which have been obtained by extracting the mycelial mass obtained by fermentation with suitable solvents, e.g. with methanol and toluene.
  • suitable solvents e.g. with methanol and toluene.
  • These solutions may contain many kinds of components in addition to the cyclosporin forms to be separated. For instance pigments and other impurities originating from the cultivation are left over in the solution during the extraction.
  • the cyclosporin mixture to be separated can further be dissolved in another solvent, e.g. toluene, dichloromethane or methanol, and this solution can be fed into the chromatography column.
  • silica An example of a solid filler which can be used is silica.
  • the diameter of the silica particles can be from 5 to 200 ⁇ m, preferably from 5 to 45 ⁇ m, most preferably e.g. 10 ⁇ m, and the pore size from 60 to 120 ⁇ .
  • Examples of silica which can be used as the column filler are cyanopropyl silica and propylenediol silica.
  • the column filler and the adjuvant of the eluent have to be selected so that the desired cyclosporin form is eluted sufficiently separated from the other forms of cyclosporin.
  • the preferable selection is silica filler together with a methanol or 2-propanol adjuvant.
  • the "loading ratio" of the column is the ratio (mg/g) of the total amount of cyclosporin forms fed into the column to the amount of the filling material of the column.
  • a suitable loading ratio depends on the adjuvant on the eluent, and of the amount thereof. In a silica column, using 2-propanol adjuvant, the suitable loading ratio is e.g. from 1.5 to 4.4 mg/g. In a silica column using methanol adjuvant the suitable loading ratio is e.g. from 4.4 to 16.2 mg/g.
  • the eluent flow coming out from the chromatography column is monitored with a suitable detector, e.g. with an ultraviolet detector in the wave length region of 210 to 250 nm.
  • the eluent flow coming out of the column is divided into temporally successive fractions so that the fraction containing the desired cyclosporin form is recovered.
  • the pressure of the eluent flow fraction to be recovered is decreased, whereby the adjuvant and cyclosporin being dissolved therein are separated from the carbon dioxide, which is evaporated.
  • the desired cyclosporin form is recovered from the adjuvant solution obtained by known processes of chemical technology.
  • One embodiment of the process of the invention is to perform the purification of the mixture containing the cyclosporin forms in several successive steps.
  • a chromatography column can be packed with, for example, large silica particles.
  • a suitable particle size may be e.g. 25 to 40 ⁇ m.
  • coarse purification silica can be loaded with a fairly large amount of the mixture to be purified.
  • a suitable loading ratio can be, e.g., 20 mg per g of silica.
  • a still impure fraction is recovered which, however, contains the main part of the desired cyclosporin form.
  • the coarsely purified product obtained from the first purification step is injected into a second chromatography column which has been packed with a high resolution silica.
  • a second chromatography step a lower loading ratio is used, as well as a column which has been packed with silica having a fairly small particle size.
  • a chromatographical purification with two or more steps can be more advantageous with respect to the economy of the process than a one-step purification, e.g. in such a case in which the raw material mixture to be purified contains ingredients which stain the first chromatography column.
  • FIG. 1 Fractionating of toluene extract of cyclosporin.
  • the shaded time region is the one where the purity of cyclosporin A recovered meets the drug requirements.
  • FIG. 2 Cyclosporin concentrations of the fractions recovered in the experiment according to Example 1.
  • FIG. 3 The elution order of cyclosporin forms when the filling material of the column is cyanopropyl silica and the adjuvant of carbon dioxide is ethanol.
  • FIG. 4 The elution order of cyclosporin forms when the filling material of the column is propylenediol silica and the adjuvant of carbon dioxide is ethanol.
  • FIG. 5 The elution order of cyclosporin forms when the filling material of the column is propylenediol silica and the adjuvant of carbon dioxide is methanol.
  • FIG. 6 The elution order of cyclosporin forms when the filling material of the column is silica and the adjuvant of carbon dioxide is methanol.
  • 35 ⁇ l of mixture of cyclosporin forms containing several forms of cyclosporin as well as other substances dissolved in toluene were fed, using an injection valve conventional in chromatographic methods, to a constant eluent flow.
  • the composition of the eluent was: 81.1 weight-% of carbon dioxide and 18.9 weight-% of 2-propanol.
  • the total concentration of cyclosporin forms was 426 mg/ml.
  • the proportion of cyclosporin A in the cyclosporin forms present in the toluene solution was 22 weight-%.
  • the pressure of the eluent flow was 200 bar and the temperature 50° C.. 4.1 g of the eluent was fed into the chromatography column per minute.
  • the eluent and the mixture of cyclosporin forms fed into it were fed into a chromatography column which had been packed with silica particles having a mean diameter of 10 ⁇ m, and the diameter of the pores of the particles was 60 ⁇ .
  • the diameter of the chromatography column was 10 mm, and the length of the silica filling of the column in the direction of the eluent flow was 250 mm.
  • the amount of silica contained in the column was 7.9 g.
  • the total amount of the cyclosporin forms fed into the column with the eluent calculated per the amount of silica was 1.9 mg/g silica.
  • the eluent flow coming out of the chromatography column was monitored with an ultraviolet detector, in a wave length region of 210 to 250 nanometers.
  • the fraction of the eluent flow coming out of the column and containing the cyclosporin A form was divided into aliquots by feeding the eluent flow temporally successively into six receivers.
  • the composition of each fraction was analyzed using the liquid chromatography method recommended by U.S. XXIII pharmacopoeia.
  • Example 2 Using the experimental procedure of Example 1, the mixture of cyclosporin forms dissolved in toluene described in Example 1 was injected into silica column with the dimensions of 4.0 ⁇ 150 mm. As eluent pure carbon dioxide was used, without additives. After two minutes toluene was perceived to elute, and thereafter no other substance was seen to elute out of the column. After about 60 minutes, the experiment was interrupted.
  • Example 2 Using the experimental procedure of Example 1, the mixture of cyclosporin forms dissolved in toluene described in Example 1 was injected into silica column with the dimensions of 4.0 ⁇ 150 mm. About 5 weight-% of acetonitrile was added to the pure carbon dioxide eluent as an adjuvant. Within two hours from the injection of the toluene solution of cyclosporins nothing but toluene had been eluted from the column. The experiment was interrupted. 10% of ethanol was then added into the carbon dioxide eluent flow in place of acetonitrile. The elution of cyclosporin forms from the column began within about 10 minutes after beginning of the ethanolic eluent flow.
  • fractions containing cyclosporin A were prepared by varying the concentration of 2-propanol in the carbon dioxide eluent, and the amount of the cyclosporin to be fed into the column, i.e. the loading of the column. As a result, the yield of cyclosporin A meeting the drug requirements out of the amount of cyclosporin A fed into the column was monitored.
  • Example 2 In the experimental procedure described in Example 1, methanol was used as the adjuvant of the carbon dioxide eluent. The amount of methanol in the carbon dioxide as well as the amount of the cyclosporin mixture to be fed into the column were varied. As a result, the yield of cyclosporin A meeting the drug requirements calculated from the amount of cyclosporin A fed into the column in the mixture of cyclosporin forms was monitored.
  • Example 2 In the experimental procedure described in Example 1, ethanol was used as the adjuvant of carbon dioxide. Ethanol was pumped into the carbon dioxide flow so that the concentration thereof was 17.5%. The yield of cyclosporin A meeting the drug requirements was 0% of the cyclosporin A included in the cyclosporin mixture.
  • Example 2 In the experimental procedure described in Example 1, the amount of 2-propanol in the carbon dioxide was changed so that the concentration thereof was 13 weight percent. The period including cyclosporin G was selected as the cut-off point of the fraction. The recovery of the product began when 13.2 min from the injection moment had been passed, and stopped when 13.4 min from the injection moment had been passed. 18.5% of cyclosporin G meeting the drug requirements calculated from the amount of cyclosporin G fed into the column was obtained.
  • Example 2 In the experimental procedure described in Example 1, the pressure, the temperature and the adjuvant concentration of the eluent flow fed into the column were varied. Methanol was used as adjuvant.
  • the cyclosporin mixture to be fed into the column included 90 weight-% of cyclosporin A. The cyclosporin mixture was fed into the eluent flow going into the column as dissolved in dichloromethane.
  • Example 2 According to the experimental procedure described in Example 1, a mixture of four cyclosporin forms was injected into a silica column dissolved in dichloromethane (DKM) so that the total concentration thereof was 180 mg/ml. Each component was eluted separately, each by 100% yield.
  • DKM dichloromethane
  • Example 2 In the experimental procedure described in Example 1, the filling material of the chromatography column and the type of the adjuvant added into the carbon dioxide eluent were varied. As a result, the elution order of the cyclosporin forms was monitored.
  • Example 2 In the experimental procedure described in Example 1, a mixture of cyclosporin forms was injected into a chromatography column which had been packed with silica particles having a particle size of 16 ⁇ m. The concentrations of cyclosporin A in the fractions recovered from the eluent flow coming out of the column were approximately the same as in Example 1.
  • Toluene extract obtained from cyclosporin mycelial mass was injected into a chromatography column packed with silica particles having a diameter of 25 to 40 ⁇ m.
  • the loading ratio was 20 mg per g of silica. All cyclosporin forms were eluted in the time range of 10 to 18 minutes, as one broad band.
  • the eluent flow coming out of the column was divided into six temporally successive fractions.
  • the cyclosporin A concentration of the material obtained in each fraction varied from 1 to 15%.
  • the mixture obtained containing the cyclosporin forms was injected, using the experimental procedure, column and conditions described in Example 1, anew into a chromatography column within an eluent containing carbon dioxide. 75% of the product containing cyclosporin A which meets the drug requirements calculated from the amount of the cyclosporin A fed into the latter chromatography column was recovered from the latter chromatography purification.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Liquids With Adsorbents In General (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
US08/894,957 1995-03-03 1996-03-01 Chromatographic purification of cyclosporing using a high pressure carbon dioxide eluent Expired - Fee Related US5976381A (en)

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FI950983A FI102758B (fi) 1995-03-03 1995-03-03 Menetelmä puhtaan syklosporiinimuodon valmistamiseksi
FI950983 1995-03-03
PCT/FI1996/000120 WO1996027607A1 (fr) 1995-03-03 1996-03-01 Procede de preparation de cyclosporine pure par chromatographie a partir d'un eluant constitue essentiellement de dioxyde de carbone haute pression

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EP (1) EP0815122B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH11501042A (fr)
AT (1) ATE212353T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69618772T2 (fr)
DK (1) DK0815122T3 (fr)
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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7026290B1 (en) 1998-12-30 2006-04-11 Dexcel Ltd. Dispersible concentrate for the delivery of cyclosprin
US7732404B2 (en) 1999-12-30 2010-06-08 Dexcel Ltd Pro-nanodispersion for the delivery of cyclosporin
US20110168632A1 (en) * 2005-07-26 2011-07-14 Eric Valery Method and device for separating fractions of a mixture
CN105566381A (zh) * 2015-12-29 2016-05-11 成都普思生物科技股份有限公司 一种注射用磷脂酰胆碱的制备方法
US20170246558A1 (en) * 2014-08-19 2017-08-31 Supercritical Fluid Technologies, Inc. Supercritical fluid chromatography system
US10765968B2 (en) 2014-08-19 2020-09-08 Supercritical Fluid Technologies, Inc. Systems and methods for supercritical fluid chromatography
US11022350B2 (en) 2014-08-19 2021-06-01 Supercritical Fluid Technologies, Inc. Cooling loop with a supercritical fluid system using compressed refrigerant fluid flow with a positive Joule-Thomson coefficient
US11913685B2 (en) 2014-08-19 2024-02-27 Supercritical Fluid Technologies, Inc. Cooling loop with a supercritical fluid system using compressed refrigerant fluid flow with a positive Joule Thomson coefficient
US11946915B2 (en) 2019-01-04 2024-04-02 Supercritical Fluid Technologies, Inc. Interchangeable chromatography cartridgeadapter system

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1603512A2 (fr) 2003-03-17 2005-12-14 Albany Molecular Research, Inc. Nouvelles cyclosporines
US7378391B2 (en) 2004-09-29 2008-05-27 Amr Technology, Inc. Cyclosporin alkyne analogues and their pharmaceutical uses
WO2006039164A2 (fr) 2004-09-29 2006-04-13 Amr Technology, Inc. Nouveaux analogues de la cyclosporine et leurs utilisations pharmaceutiques
EP1812037A4 (fr) 2004-10-06 2009-11-11 Amr Technology Inc Alcynes de cyclosporine, et leur utilite comme agents pharmaceutiques
US7862552B2 (en) 2005-05-09 2011-01-04 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Medical devices for treating urological and uterine conditions

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US4478720A (en) * 1982-06-03 1984-10-23 Societe Nationale Elf Aquitaine Fractionation process for mixtures by elution chromatography with liquid in supercritical state and installation for its operation
US4581166A (en) * 1983-05-19 1986-04-08 Fried. Krupp Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Method for isolating and purifying antibiotics
US5256547A (en) * 1991-04-06 1993-10-26 Arzneimittel Dresden Gmbh Process for making and isolating cyclosporin a by fermentation
WO1993023394A1 (fr) * 1992-05-14 1993-11-25 Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus Procede de production du s-timolol
CA2108655A1 (fr) * 1993-10-18 1995-04-19 Argyrios Margaritis Extraction par dioxyde de carbone supercritique de la cyclosporine a

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2729462A1 (de) * 1977-06-30 1979-01-18 Wolfgang Dr Hartmann Vorrichtung und verfahren zur chromatographischen trennung von substanzen geringen dampfdrucks
US4478720A (en) * 1982-06-03 1984-10-23 Societe Nationale Elf Aquitaine Fractionation process for mixtures by elution chromatography with liquid in supercritical state and installation for its operation
US4581166A (en) * 1983-05-19 1986-04-08 Fried. Krupp Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Method for isolating and purifying antibiotics
US5256547A (en) * 1991-04-06 1993-10-26 Arzneimittel Dresden Gmbh Process for making and isolating cyclosporin a by fermentation
WO1993023394A1 (fr) * 1992-05-14 1993-11-25 Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus Procede de production du s-timolol
CA2108655A1 (fr) * 1993-10-18 1995-04-19 Argyrios Margaritis Extraction par dioxyde de carbone supercritique de la cyclosporine a

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White, C.M., et al., Analysis of Pharmaceuticals and Other Solutes of Biochemical Importance . . . , Journal of High Resolution Chromatography & Chromatography Communications, vol. 11, Jan. 1988, pp. 94 98. *
White, C.M., et al., Analysis of Pharmaceuticals and Other Solutes of Biochemical Importance . . . , Journal of High Resolution Chromatography & Chromatography Communications, vol. 11, Jan. 1988, pp. 94-98.
Wong et al. "Supercritical Fluid Chromatography for Therapeutic Drup Monitoring of Immunosuppressants: Selectivity for Cyclosporing A, FK 506 (Tacrolimus), and Rapamycin". Journal of Liquid Chromatography, 17(10), pp. 2093-2109, 1994.
Wong et al. Supercritical Fluid Chromatography for Therapeutic Drup Monitoring of Immunosuppressants: Selectivity for Cyclosporing A, FK 506 (Tacrolimus), and Rapamycin . Journal of Liquid Chromatography, 17(10), pp. 2093 2109, 1994. *

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7026290B1 (en) 1998-12-30 2006-04-11 Dexcel Ltd. Dispersible concentrate for the delivery of cyclosprin
US7732404B2 (en) 1999-12-30 2010-06-08 Dexcel Ltd Pro-nanodispersion for the delivery of cyclosporin
US20110168632A1 (en) * 2005-07-26 2011-07-14 Eric Valery Method and device for separating fractions of a mixture
US9180387B2 (en) * 2005-07-26 2015-11-10 Novasep Process Method and device for separating fractions of a mixture
US10610808B2 (en) 2014-08-19 2020-04-07 Supercritical Fluid Technologies, Inc. Supercritical fluid chromatography system
US20170246558A1 (en) * 2014-08-19 2017-08-31 Supercritical Fluid Technologies, Inc. Supercritical fluid chromatography system
US10765968B2 (en) 2014-08-19 2020-09-08 Supercritical Fluid Technologies, Inc. Systems and methods for supercritical fluid chromatography
US11022350B2 (en) 2014-08-19 2021-06-01 Supercritical Fluid Technologies, Inc. Cooling loop with a supercritical fluid system using compressed refrigerant fluid flow with a positive Joule-Thomson coefficient
US11680735B2 (en) 2014-08-19 2023-06-20 Supercritical Fluid Technologies, Inc. Supercritical fluid chromatography system
US11913685B2 (en) 2014-08-19 2024-02-27 Supercritical Fluid Technologies, Inc. Cooling loop with a supercritical fluid system using compressed refrigerant fluid flow with a positive Joule Thomson coefficient
US12460842B2 (en) 2014-08-19 2025-11-04 Supercritical Fluid Technologies, Inc. High-pressure fluid chromatography system using interior-to-exterior column pressure equalization
CN105566381A (zh) * 2015-12-29 2016-05-11 成都普思生物科技股份有限公司 一种注射用磷脂酰胆碱的制备方法
US11946915B2 (en) 2019-01-04 2024-04-02 Supercritical Fluid Technologies, Inc. Interchangeable chromatography cartridgeadapter system

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Publication number Publication date
HK1007882A1 (en) 1999-04-30
ATE212353T1 (de) 2002-02-15
ES2171649T3 (es) 2002-09-16
PT815122E (pt) 2002-06-28
EP0815122A1 (fr) 1998-01-07
JPH11501042A (ja) 1999-01-26
DE69618772T2 (de) 2002-08-29
FI102758B1 (fi) 1999-02-15
DK0815122T3 (da) 2002-04-22
FI102758B (fi) 1999-02-15
FI950983L (fi) 1996-09-04
DE69618772D1 (de) 2002-03-14
FI950983A0 (fi) 1995-03-03
WO1996027607A1 (fr) 1996-09-12
EP0815122B1 (fr) 2002-01-23

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