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US20060051741A1 - Plate for mass spectrometry, process for preparing the same and use thereof - Google Patents

Plate for mass spectrometry, process for preparing the same and use thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
US20060051741A1
US20060051741A1 US10/530,169 US53016905A US2006051741A1 US 20060051741 A1 US20060051741 A1 US 20060051741A1 US 53016905 A US53016905 A US 53016905A US 2006051741 A1 US2006051741 A1 US 2006051741A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
mass spectrometry
plate
analyte
blotting
protein
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Abandoned
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US10/530,169
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English (en)
Inventor
Kenji Tanaka
Lyang-ja Lee
Koji Munechika
Hisashi Arikuni
Bungo Ochiai
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Protosera Inc
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Protosera Inc
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Priority claimed from US10/264,505 external-priority patent/US20030129666A1/en
Application filed by Protosera Inc filed Critical Protosera Inc
Priority to US10/530,169 priority Critical patent/US20060051741A1/en
Assigned to PROTOSERA INC. reassignment PROTOSERA INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: OCHIAI, BUNGO, ARIKUNI, HISASHI, MUNECHIKA, KOJI, LEE, LYANG-JA, TANAKA, KENJI
Publication of US20060051741A1 publication Critical patent/US20060051741A1/en
Priority to US12/829,051 priority patent/US8372655B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/62—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating the ionisation of gases, e.g. aerosols; by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode
    • G01N27/622—Ion mobility spectrometry
    • G01N27/623—Ion mobility spectrometry combined with mass spectrometry
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/416—Systems
    • G01N27/447—Systems using electrophoresis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
    • G01N33/6803—General methods of protein analysis not limited to specific proteins or families of proteins
    • G01N33/6848—Methods of protein analysis involving mass spectrometry
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
    • H01J49/02—Details
    • H01J49/04—Arrangements for introducing or extracting samples to be analysed, e.g. vacuum locks; Arrangements for external adjustment of electron- or ion-optical components
    • H01J49/0409—Sample holders or containers
    • H01J49/0418—Sample holders or containers for laser desorption, e.g. matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation [MALDI] plates or surface enhanced laser desorption/ionisation [SELDI] plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
    • H01J49/26—Mass spectrometers or separator tubes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
    • Y10T436/24—Nuclear magnetic resonance, electron spin resonance or other spin effects or mass spectrometry
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
    • Y10T436/25—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing including sample preparation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a new plate for mass spectrometry that enables proteome analysis in large amounts, with quickness, and at high sensitivity, a method of preparing the same, and use thereof.
  • proteomics protein analysis science
  • proteome means all proteins that constitute a single organism in a narrow sense, it sometimes means, in a broad sense, all proteins contained in a histologically or anatomically specified portion of an organism, like all proteins in the cell fluid of a particular cell, all proteins contained in serum, all proteins contained in a particular tissue, and the like. In the present specification, this term is used in the broad sense, but it is evident that the complete assembly of proteomes in the broad sense is the proteome in the narrow sense.
  • low-abundance proteins In yeast, for example, only 100 genes produce 50% of the total protein weight of the yeast. This means that the remaining 50% proteins are products of thousands of genes. A large amount of low-abundance proteins contains a large amount of proteins that are most important to the body, such as regulatory proteins and signal transmission proteins, including receptors. However, the situation with the conventional method is such that the large number and trace amount of protein samples separated by electrophoresis cannot be recovered.
  • ICAT isotope-coded affinity tag
  • Nat. Biotech., 17: 994-999 (1999) the two-hybrid system in yeast
  • BIA-MS-MS the protein array method
  • protein array method solution, chip; Trends Biotechnol., 19: S34-39 (2001)
  • peptidomics by LC-MS-MS and the like
  • solid phase protein array method chip method; Curr. Opin.
  • An object of the present invention is to introduce a new technology to the conventional method of proteome analysis based on a combination of electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Specifically, the object of the present invention is to provide a technology that enables the conduct of proteome analysis in large amounts, with quickness, and at high sensitivity.
  • the present invention is based on the discovery that a plate for mass spectrometry prepared by coating a substrate with PVDF to form a thin layer of PVDF on the substrate offers dramatically improved mass spectrometry detection sensitivity and accuracy compared to those of one wherein PVDF is immobilized on a substrate in the form of a membrane. Also, because such a plate for mass spectrometry does not contain a matrix at the time of blotting, it is additionally advantageous in that the matrix does not dissolve even in electrical blotting.
  • the present invention relates to:
  • FIG. 1 shows the extent of electrical blotting from the migration gel to the plate for mass spectrometry.
  • A indicates the migration gel (before blotting)
  • B indicates the migration gel (after blotting)
  • C indicates the plate for mass spectrometry of the present invention (after blotting).
  • the numerical symbols on the left end show the molecular weights of the proteins corresponding to the bands. It is shown that nearly all portions of the proteins in the gel migrate to the plate for mass spectrometry due to electrical blotting in the case of some proteins.
  • FIG. 2 shows the positional relationship between a migration gel and a plate for mass spectrometry ( FIG. 2A ) and differences in the quantity of laser received by the migrated protein on the plate ( FIG. 2B ).
  • 1 , 2 and 3 indicate a plate for mass spectrometry, a migration gel, and a protein, respectively.
  • A, B and C indicate maximum light quantity, small light quantity, and zero light quantity, respectively.
  • FIG. 3 shows the relative intensities of mass spectrometry peaks obtained using the plate for mass spectrometry of the present invention ( FIG. 3A ), an aluminum plate ( FIG. 3B ), and a ProteinChip array (H4, FIG. 3C ).
  • FIG. 4 shows the mass spectrometry spectra (peak images) of SCUPA and HSA obtained using the plate for mass spectrometry of the present invention or an aluminum plate.
  • the horizontal axis indicates molecular weight, and the vertical axis indicates relative intensity.
  • FIGS. 4A and B show the results for SCUPA, and FIGS. 4C and D for HSA.
  • FIGS. 4A and C show the case using the plate for mass spectrometry of the present invention
  • FIGS. 4B and D show the case using the aluminum plate.
  • FIG. 5 shows the results of an analysis of the protein-protein interaction between a protein (SCUPA) electrically blotted using the plate for mass spectrometry of the present invention and an antibody that specifically reacts thereto (anti-SCUPA antibody) by mass spectrometry.
  • SCUPA protein
  • anti-SCUPA antibody antibody that specifically reacts thereto
  • the horizontal axis indicates molecular weight, and the vertical axis indicates relative intensity.
  • the numerical symbols in the Figure indicate the molecular weights of the peaks.
  • FIG. 5A shows the interaction between the separated and blotted SCUPA and the anti-SCUPA antibody.
  • FIG. 5B shows the results obtained using the anti-SCUPA antibody alone.
  • FIG. 6 shows mass spectrometry spectra obtained when electrophoresis-separated proteins were blotted to a PVDF membrane.
  • the horizontal axis indicates molecular weight, and the vertical axis indicates relative intensity.
  • the numerical symbols in the Figure indicate the molecular weights of the peaks.
  • FIG. 6A shows the results for SCUPA, and FIG. 6B for HSA.
  • the plate for mass spectrometry of the present invention has a coating (thin layer) containing polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) on a support (basic structure).
  • the material for the support is not subject to limitation, as long as it is one in common use in plates for mass spectrometry.
  • insulators glass, ceramics, plastics/resins and the like
  • metals aluminum, stainless steel and the like
  • electroconductive polymers complexes thereof and the like
  • an aluminum plate is used.
  • the shape of the plate for mass spectrometry of the present invention is designed to fit particularly to the sample inlet of the mass spectrometer used.
  • a cluster type plate for mass spectrometry previously notched to enable easy separation of individual segments so that each fits to the sample inlet of the mass analyze after a protein is blotted to an assembly type plate for mass spectrometry adapted to the size of the gel after electrophoresis, and the like can be mentioned, which, however, are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
  • PVDF-containing coating refers to a thin layer formed by depositing PVDF molecules in dispersion on the support, rather than to a layer prepared by overlaying a previously molded structure on the support as with a conventionally known PVDF membrane.
  • mode of PVDF deposition is not subject to limitation, the means mentioned as examples in the method for preparing a plate for mass spectrometry which is described below are preferably used.
  • the thickness of the thin layer can be appropriately chosen, as long as it does not adversely affect protein blotting efficiency and mass spectrometry measuring sensitivity and the like, and is, for example, about 0.1 to about 1000 ⁇ m, preferably about 1 to about 300 ⁇ m.
  • the plate for mass spectrometry of the present invention is prepared by coating the support surface with PVDF.
  • PVDF photosensitive resin
  • PVDF dissolved in an appropriate solvent for example, an organic solvent such as dimethyl formamide (DMF), at an appropriate concentration (for example, about 1 to about 100 mg/mL) (hereinafter referred to as “PVDF-containing solution”), can be painted to the support (basic structure, substrate) using an appropriate tool such as a brush.
  • an appropriate solvent for example, an organic solvent such as dimethyl formamide (DMF)
  • DMF dimethyl formamide
  • PVDF-containing solution prepared in the same manner as above may be sprayed from a sprayer so that PVDF is uniformly deposited on the support.
  • a thin layer of PVDF can be formed on the support surface by heating and vaporizing PVDF (may be solid or solution) in a vacuum chamber containing the support using an ordinary vacuum vapor deposition apparatus for preparation of organic thin membranes.
  • the support may be immersed in a PVDF-containing solution prepared in the same manner as above.
  • a thin layer can be formed, for example, by applying a direct current high voltage between the support and PVDF while an inert gas (e.g., Ar gas and the like) is introduced into a vacuum, and colliding the ionized gas to the PVDF to allow the sputtered PVDF molecules to deposit on the support.
  • an inert gas e.g., Ar gas and the like
  • a coating may be applied to all faces of the support, and may be applied only to one face subjected to mass spectrometry.
  • PVDF can be used appropriately in a preferred form according to the coating means; for example, PVDF can be applied to the support in the form of a PVDF-containing solution, PVDF-containing vapor, PVDF solid molecules and the like, and it is preferably applied in the form of a PVDF-containing solution. “Apply” means that PVDF is brought into contact with the support so that it remains and accumulates on the support after contact. The amount applied is not subject to limitation; as an example of the amount of PVDF, about 1 to about 100 ⁇ g/cm 2 can be mentioned. After application, the solvent is removed by spontaneous drying, vacuum drying and the like.
  • the support (basic structure, substrate) in the plate for mass spectrometry of the present invention may have the surface thereof previously modified (processed) by an appropriate physical or chemical technique before being coated with PVDF.
  • techniques such as plate surface polishing, abrasion, acid treatment, alkali treatment, and glass treatment (tetramethoxysilane and the like) can be mentioned as examples.
  • the plate for mass spectrometry of the present invention is excellent in stability. That is, the plate for mass spectrometry of the present invention is characterized in that the adhesive surface does not peel even under such conditions as immersion in an aqueous solution having a pH of 2 to 10, or containing various salts, a solvent such as methanol or acetonitrile, or a mixed solvent thereof, electrical loading, repeated cycles of wetting and drying, and a highly vacuum state.
  • analyte e.g.: protein, nucleic acid, oligonucleotide, saccharide, oligosaccharide, cell-membrane receptor agonist or antagonist, toxin, virus epitope, hormone, peptide, enzyme, enzyme substrate or inhibitor, cofactor, drug, lectin, antibody and the like
  • an electrophoresis e.g.: polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
  • the analyte-containing sample may be prepared from a (biological) material using any known technique.
  • a (biological) material examples include cells or tissues of optionally chosen organisms such as animals, plants and microorganisms, or extracellular fluids (for example, blood, plasma, urine, bone marrow fluid, ascites fluid and the like), intracellular fluids, fluids in cell small granules, and the like can be mentioned.
  • cell culture broths, culture broths obtained by gene recombination, and the like are also included.
  • a soluble fraction can be obtained by collecting a centrifugal supernatant after target cells are homogenized in an appropriate buffer in the presence of various protease inhibitors, or after the cells are suspended using a cell disruption apparatus such as Polytron, or after the cells are disrupted by hypo-osmotic shock, or after the cell membranes are disrupted by sonication. Also, the obtained precipitate (insoluble) fraction can be used as after being solubilized using a surfactant or a protein denaturant.
  • the electrophoresis apparatus used can be a known one. A commercial product may be used. According to the purpose, any of one-dimensional gel electrophoresis and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis can be used. In two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, one-dimensional migration is based on separation according to analyte isoelectric point, and two-dimensional migration on separation according to analyte molecular weight.
  • the size of the gel used for electrophoresis is not subject to limitation. Although 10 cm ⁇ 10 cm is a commonly used size, 20 cm ⁇ 20 cm or other sizes can be used if necessary. Also, although the material of the gel is basically polyacrylamide, utilization of other media such as agarose gel and cellulose acetate membrane is also possible depending on the purpose. For the concentration of the gel, both a uniform concentration and a gradient concentration can be used.
  • the blotting apparatus a known one can be used. A commercial product may be used. The method of blotting is known per se. The analyte developed on the gel after migration is transferred to the plate for mass spectrometry by various methods (diffusion, electrical force and others). This step is generally called blotting. Diffusion blotting, electrical blotting and the like can be mentioned. Electrical blotting is particularly preferable.
  • the buffer used at the time of electrical blotting it is preferable to use one of a pH of 7 to 9 and of a low-salt concentration.
  • a Tris buffer, a phosphate buffer, a borate buffer, an acetate buffer and the like can be mentioned as examples.
  • Tris buffer Tris/glycine/methanol buffer, SDS-Tris-Tricine buffer and the like can be mentioned; as the phosphate buffer, ACN/NaCl/isotonic phosphate buffer, sodium phosphate/ACN and the like can be mentioned; as the borate buffer, sodium borate-hydrochloride buffer, Tris-borate salt/EDTA, borate salt/ACN and the like can be mentioned; as the acetate buffer, Tris-acetate salt/EDTA and the like can be mentioned.
  • the buffer is Tris/glycine/methanol buffer or sodium borate-hydrochloride buffer.
  • Tris/glycine/methanol buffer 10-15 mM Tris, 70-120 mM glycine, 7-13% methanol or so can be mentioned.
  • sodium borate-hydrochloride buffer 5-20 mM sodium borate or so can be mentioned.
  • a reagent called matrix can be added to absorb laser, and to promote the ionization of analyte molecules through energy transfer, so that the subsequent mass spectrometry (by the MALDI method) is effected.
  • the matrix one known in the field of mass spectrometry can be used.
  • IAA indoleacrylic acid
  • DHB 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid
  • CHCA ⁇ -cyano-4-hydroxycinammic acid
  • the matrix is DHB or CHCA.
  • the mass spectrometer is an apparatus that measures and detects the molecular weight of a substance by ionizing a gaseous sample, thereafter bringing molecules or molecule fragments thereof into an electromagnetic field, separating the substance by mass number/charge number based on the transfer status thereof, and determining the spectrum of the substance.
  • MALDI-TOFMS mass spectrometers based on the principles of the MALDI-TOFMS method, which is a combination of matrix-aided laser deionization (MALDI), comprising mixing and drying a sample and a laser-absorbing matrix to cause crystallization, subjecting the crystal to ionization by energy transfer from the matrix and instantaneous heating by laser irradiation, and introducing the ionized analyte into a vacuum, and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS), comprising analyzing mass number by sample molecule ion time-of-flight differences due to initial acceleration; the method comprising placing a single analyte on one droplet and electrically ionizing the analyte directly from the liquid; the nano-electrospray mass spectrometry (nano-ESMS) method, comprising electrically spraying a sample solution into the atmosphere to vaporize individual analyte polyvalent ions in an unfolded state, and the like
  • proteome analysis it is possible to analyze all analytes developed one-dimensionally or two-dimensionally by electrophoresis by moving the laser exit or, conversely, the stand with the plate for mass spectrometry on, toward one-dimensional or two-dimensional directions, and performing continuous full-surface scans (in the intermittent scan method, there remain analytes not irradiated with laser, that is, not analyzed).
  • the intermittent scan method there remain analytes not irradiated with laser, that is, not analyzed.
  • Combining this method with the intermittent scan method makes it possible to mount 96 kinds of samples dispensed to a 96-well plate as a whole to a plate for mass spectrometry (96 kinds of samples arranged at constant intervals in a rectangular chip), and subject the samples as is to mass spectrometry.
  • the present invention it is possible to analyze an assembly of a plurality of kinds of analytes (a group of analytes) at one time. That is, the analyte-containing sample prepared from the above-described various biological materials usually contains many kinds and a wide variety of analytes.
  • a plate for mass spectrometry of the present invention of a size that fits to the migration gel (preferably a cluster type plate for mass spectrometry having perforated lines made previously to enable easy separation of each piece so that it fits to the sample inlet of the mass spectrometer after blotting), it is possible to fractionate all, as a rule, analytes contained in the analyte-containing sample (proteomes if the analytes are proteins) to respective positions and blotting them to the plate for mass spectrometry.
  • the blotted a group of analytes can be identified at one time.
  • the linkage of an analyte and one that has affinity for (interacts with) the analyte can be analyzed at one time. That is, by separating the analyte by electrophoresis, blotting the separated analyte to the plate for mass spectrometry of the present invention, thereafter adding a sample containing a compound that has affinity for (interacts with) the analyte (for example, peptide, protein, nucleic acid, non-peptide compound, synthetic compound, fermentation product, cell extract, plant extract, animal tissue extract, cell membrane fraction, organelle membrane fraction and the like) to form a complex on the plate, and subjecting the formed complex to mass spectrometry, the blotted analyte, a compound that has affinity (interacts with) the analyte, and/or a complex thereof is identified (from information on molecular weight).
  • a compound that has affinity for (interacts with) the analyte for example, peptide, protein,
  • An aluminum basic structure (aluminum plate) prepared to fit to the inlet of the plate for mass spectrometry of the Proteinchip System (manufactured by Ciphergen) was immersed in 1% tetramethoxysilane/1% acetic acid solution and air-dried, after which it was burned (130° C., 3 hours).
  • PVDF polyvinylidene difluoride
  • DMF dimethylformamide
  • the gel was cut for each migration lane, and further cut at a position 39 mm from the addition site on the upper face of the gel, after which the two pieces of the gel were placed with their upper faces in contact with each other, and thereafter brought into contact with the plate for mass spectrometry ( FIG. 2A ).
  • the migration samples were arranged in the order of SCUPA, HSA, SCUPA, HSA, HSA, SCUPA, HSA and SCUPA, and four bands of each protein, eight bands in total, were blotted to the plate for mass spectrometry.
  • the plate for mass spectrometry was previously immersed in methanol and equilibrated with a blotting buffer (10 mM sodium borate buffer, pH 8.0), after which it was subjected to electric blotting at 90 mA for 2 hours. Subsequently, mass spectrometry was conducted and relative peak intensity was measured.
  • a blotting buffer (10 mM sodium borate buffer, pH 8.0)
  • mass spectrometry was conducted and relative peak intensity was measured.
  • other experiments were conducted in the same manner but using an ordinary non-PVDF-coated aluminum plate and an aluminum plate having a hexadecyl group introduced thereto (Proteinchip array, manufactured by Ciphergen, H4). The results are shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 .
  • the relative peak intensity for the plate for mass spectrometry of the present invention was 12.31, a level 14 times as high as the value of the ordinary aluminum plate ( FIG. 3B ) (0.87).
  • the relative peak intensity for this plate for mass spectrometry was 49 times (6.26:0.129) as high as the value of the aluminum plate.
  • the plate for mass spectrometry produced 2 times to 4 times as high relative peak intensity as those from H4 ( FIG. 3C ).
  • the plate for mass spectrometry of the present invention ( FIGS. 4A and C) produced more distinct spectra than those from the aluminum plate ( FIGS. 4B and D). From these results, it was found that by using the plate for mass spectrometry of the present invention, a plurality of kinds of proteins, after separation by electrophoresis, could be analyzed by mass spectrometry with quickness and at high sensitivity at one time.
  • the plate for mass spectrometry of the present invention an investigation was conducted on the binding of a protein blotted to a plate for mass spectrometry and a protein capable of interacting therewith, and on the identification of the protein complex thereof by subsequent mass spectrometry.
  • SCUPA and an antibody thereof anti-SCUPA antibody
  • Example 3 After SCUPA (4 ⁇ g) was added to 12% SDS-polyacrylamide gel, electrophoresis was performed for 1 hour. After migration, the gel was cut, and the SCUPA on the gel was electrically blotted to the plate for mass spectrometry prepared in Example 1, in the same manner as Example 3. After the SCUPA-blotted plate for mass spectrometry was blocked, an antiserum (crudely purified using ammonium sulfate, and containing anti-SCUPA antibody) was added, and an overnight reaction was carried out. After completion of the reaction, the plate was washed with PBS buffer, a matrix was added, and mass spectrometry was conducted. The results are shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the SCUPA blotted to the plate for mass spectrometry after electrophoresis produced a peak at 48,616, and the peak of the anti-SCUPA antibody that interacted with the SCUPA immobilized on the same plate was observed at 145,300 (73,115 assigned to the divalent ion of the same antibody) ( FIG. 5A ). Also, in the SCUPA-free gel as the control, no peaks were observed in this plate for mass spectrometry, despite that similar procedures such as electrical blotting, blocking, addition of anti-SCUPA antibody, and washing with PBS were followed ( FIG. 5B ).
  • the two pieces of the gel were placed with their upper faces in contact with each other, and a 78 mm ⁇ 8 mm cut PVDF membrane was placed on the gels, and electrical blotting was conducted in 10 mM sodium borate buffer (pH 8.0) at 90 mA for 2 hours. After completion of blotting, the PVDF membrane was washed with PBS, rinsed with distilled water, dried, and applied to an aluminum plate using a transparent a double-coated tape (manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Ltd.). A matrix (DHB) was added thereto, and mass spectrometry was conducted using the Proteinchip System (described above).
  • the SCUPA blotted to the PVDF membrane produced a peak at 50,096.9, and the HSA at 67,394.5; however, the peaks were difficult to identify because the relative peak intensities were extremely low, and also because the S/N ratios were low ( FIG. 6 ). Also, it was found that in the case of a plate for mass spectrometry (the same applies to the plate for mass spectrometry of the present invention), 2 to 3 minutes were taken to reach a high vacuum state, immediately after which measurements were possible, whereas in the case of a PVDF membrane, as long as 45 minutes were taken to reach a vacuum state, resulting in an excess load on the mass spectrometer used, and the mass spectrometer did not endure frequent use.
  • the performance of the plate for mass spectrometry of the present invention was confirmed in a range of relatively low molecular weights (molecular weight 1,000 to 20,000).
  • the sample was applied to 16% SDS-polyacrylamide gel (in Tris-Tricine buffer) and electrophoresed for 90 minutes, after which the analyte was electrically blotted from the gel to the plate for mass spectrometry of the present invention in 10 mM sodium borate buffer (adjusted to pH 8.0 with hydrochloric acid) for 1 to 2 hours. After completion of blotting, the plate was rinsed, the matrix was spotted, and mass spectrometry was conducted.
  • a swine cerebellum was homogenized with 1N acetic acid at 4° C. and centrifuged at 4° C. and 3,000 rpm for 30 minutes, and the supernatant was recovered. Acetonitrile was added to obtain a final concentration of 10%, and the supernatant was applied to a column for reversed-phase chromatography. The column was washed with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) containing 10% acetonitrile, and eluted with 0.1% TFA containing 60% acetonitrile. The eluate was freeze-dried and used as the swine cerebellum extract.
  • TFA trifluoroacetic acid
  • U937 cells (1 ⁇ 10 5 to 2 ⁇ 10 6 cells/ml) were cultured in a RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% FCS in the presence of 100 ng/ml phorbol 12-myristic acid ester 13-acetic acid salt (PMA) for 48 hours. The same experiment, but in the absence of PMA, was conducted for control. After completion of cultivation, the cells were washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and cell pellets were prepared. Furthermore, a protein extraction reagent (Novagen Inc.) and a protease inhibitor were added, and the pellets were allowed to stand at 4° C. for 15 minutes, after which they were centrifuged, and the supernatant was recovered and used as the cell lysate.
  • PBS phosphate-buffered saline
  • Mouse tissues (brain, lung, liver, muscle) were disrupted by treatment using the Beads Shocker (Yasui Kikai Corporation, Osaka) at 2,500 rpm for 10 to 30 seconds, TricinePAGE sample buffer (Wako Pure Chemical Industries) was added, centrifugation was conducted at 12,000 rpm for 5 minutes, and the supernatant was recovered. After separation by SDS-PAGE, the supernatant was electrically blotted to the plate for mass spectrometry of the present invention, and mass spectrometry was conducted. As a result, a tissue-specific peptide (molecular weight 3,000 to 20,000) was detected in each tissue.
  • a Tris buffer 25 mM Tris/192 mM glycine/20% methanol, pH 8.3
  • a phosphate buffer 5% ACN/125 mM NaCl/PBS, pH 7.2
  • an acetate buffer 40 mM Tris-acetate salt/1 mM EDTA, pH 8.0
  • a borate buffer 10 mM sodium borate-hydrochloric acid, pH 8.0
  • HSA and SCUPA were used. Except for these conditions, an experiment was conducted in accordance with the method of Example 5.
  • the borate buffer gave the maximum mass spectrometry peak intensity.
  • the ratio of maximum value of peak intensity for the borate buffer versus the phosphate buffer was about 21 times for SCUPA and about 4 times for HSA.
  • the plate for mass spectrometry of the present invention is capable of uniformly adsorb various proteins, is excellent in blotting efficiency, and enables the normal retention of the three-dimensional structures and functions of the proteins.
  • the plate for mass spectrometry of the present invention is also characterized by the absence of non-specific adsorption, the capability of performing mass spectrometry immediately after blotting, and the like.
  • a protein can be analyzed and identified in large amounts, with quickness, and at high sensitivity.
  • the protein may be of one kind, or an assembly of a plurality of kinds (a group of proteins), and even a complex with a compound that has affinity for (interacts with) the protein can be analyzed and identified likewise (that is, in large amounts, with quickness, and at high sensitivity).
  • the present invention makes it possible to introduce a new technique to the conventional proteome analysis, which is a combination of electrophoresis and mass spectrometry.

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US20100075372A1 (en) * 2006-09-28 2010-03-25 Taka-Aki Sato Method for deparaffinization of paraffin-embedded specimen and method for analysis of paraffin-embedded specimen
US8865418B2 (en) 2009-02-10 2014-10-21 Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation Immunoanalytical method and system using mass spectrometry technology
WO2019103996A1 (fr) * 2017-11-21 2019-05-31 Expansion Technologies Hybridation in situ compatible et multiplexée par microscopie à expansion de sections tissulaires enrobées dans de la paraffine et fixées dans la formaline en vue d'une transcriptomique à résolution spatiale

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JP2006170857A (ja) * 2004-12-16 2006-06-29 Toyo Kohan Co Ltd 固体支持体上の生体分子を質量分析する方法およびそのための固体支持体
US20060219558A1 (en) * 2005-04-05 2006-10-05 Hafeman Dean G Improved Methods and Devices for Concentration and Fractionation of Analytes for Chemical Analysis including Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) Mass Spectrometry (MS)
KR100883908B1 (ko) * 2006-02-09 2009-02-20 주식회사 아스타 분석용 샘플 플레이트 및 그의 제조방법
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WO2009149124A1 (fr) * 2008-06-02 2009-12-10 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Détection spectrométrique de masse de matériau transféré à une surface
US10627412B2 (en) 2010-03-17 2020-04-21 Kagoshima University Periodontal-disease-specific peptide, and treatment and diagnosis of periodontal disease using same
FR2976076B1 (fr) * 2011-05-31 2015-02-27 Imabiotech Procede de detection et de quantification d'une molecule cible dans un tissu
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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100038529A1 (en) * 2006-09-28 2010-02-18 Taka-Aki Sato Method of preparing sample for matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry
US20100075372A1 (en) * 2006-09-28 2010-03-25 Taka-Aki Sato Method for deparaffinization of paraffin-embedded specimen and method for analysis of paraffin-embedded specimen
US8283625B2 (en) * 2006-09-28 2012-10-09 Shimadzu Corporation Method of preparing sample for matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry
US8865418B2 (en) 2009-02-10 2014-10-21 Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation Immunoanalytical method and system using mass spectrometry technology
WO2019103996A1 (fr) * 2017-11-21 2019-05-31 Expansion Technologies Hybridation in situ compatible et multiplexée par microscopie à expansion de sections tissulaires enrobées dans de la paraffine et fixées dans la formaline en vue d'une transcriptomique à résolution spatiale
US11479811B2 (en) 2017-11-21 2022-10-25 Expansion Technologies Expansion microscopy compatible and multiplexed in situ hybridization of formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections for spatially resolved transcriptomics

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CA2501993C (fr) 2013-09-10
AU2003272924A1 (en) 2004-04-23
WO2004031759A1 (fr) 2004-04-15
EP1550862A4 (fr) 2010-08-25
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US8372655B2 (en) 2013-02-12

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