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US20040211679A1 - Electrochemical hydrogen compressor - Google Patents

Electrochemical hydrogen compressor Download PDF

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Publication number
US20040211679A1
US20040211679A1 US10/478,852 US47885204A US2004211679A1 US 20040211679 A1 US20040211679 A1 US 20040211679A1 US 47885204 A US47885204 A US 47885204A US 2004211679 A1 US2004211679 A1 US 2004211679A1
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hydrogen
cell
mea
series
membrane
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Terrance Wong
Francois Girard
Thomas Vanderhoek
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National Research Council of Canada
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Assigned to NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF CANADA reassignment NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF CANADA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GIRARD, FRANCOIS, VANDERHOEK, THOMAS, P.K., WONG, TERRANCE Y.H.
Publication of US20040211679A1 publication Critical patent/US20040211679A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/32—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00
    • B01D53/326—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00 in electrochemical cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/50—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
    • C01B3/501—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by diffusion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
    • H01M8/0232—Metals or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
    • H01M8/025—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form semicylindrical
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
    • H01M8/0276—Sealing means characterised by their form
    • H01M8/0278—O-rings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04104—Regulation of differential pressures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2457—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0405—Purification by membrane separation
    • C01B2203/041—In-situ membrane purification during hydrogen production
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an apparatus and process for electrochemical compression of hydrogen.
  • Fuel cells offer an environmentally friendly method of efficient energy generation, and the use of hydrogen as the fuel of choice is attractive as the conversion to electrical energy is emissions-free, with water and heat being the only by-products.
  • the delivery of hydrogen in gaseous or liquid form or as an absorbed species depends on the fuel cell application, and re-fueling frequency and related autonomy are important factors to consider in the selection of the appropriate mode of fuel storage.
  • gaseous hydrogen is a convenient and common form for storage, usually by pressurized containment for increased energy density.
  • Electrochemical transfer of hydrogen through proton-conductive materials is known, and fundamental studies on single-stage transfer applications can be found reported in the literature. For example, the use of thin perovskite-type oxide proton-conducting ceramics is well documented for single-stage separation of hydrogen from gas mixtures [1-3]. In these applications, the single cell operates at elevated temperatures (500-1000° C.) in order to maintain sufficiently high protonic conductivity through the separator. Reports on electrochemical hydrogen compression are scarce and most describe the use of single cells with a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM), i.e. Nafion®, as the proton-conductive separator and Pt as the electrocatalyst on carbon electrodes (both anode and cathode) [4-7].
  • PEM polymer electrolyte membrane
  • an apparatus and process are provided for pressurizing hydrogen electrochemically.
  • this technology targets the hydrogen supply and gas storage industries as well as the emerging fuel cell industry.
  • high-pressure compression is desired and, more specifically, pressurization up to 12,000 psi is targeted, as this level is deemed necessary by the transportation industry for practical implementation of fuel cell vehicles.
  • an apparatus for compression of hydrogen, comprising a membrane electrolyte cell assembly (MEA), including a proton-conducting electrolyte membrane, an anode on one side of the membrane and a cathode on the other side of the membrane, the anode having an electrochemically active material for oxidizing hydrogen to protons, the cathode having an electrochemically active material for reducing protons to hydrogen, and further comprising next to the anode and cathode, planar gas distribution and support plates sandwiching the MEA, the assembly being held together by end-plates, the end-plates having complementary peripheral grooves for seating an intervening seal between the end-plates and the MEA, the end-plate on the anode side further including a hydrogen supply inlet and the end-plate on the cathode side further including a compressed hydrogen outlet.
  • MEA membrane electrolyte cell assembly
  • a process for the compression of hydrogen by means of the apparatus described in the preceding paragraph, wherein hydrogen is compressed electrochemically by the MEA cell by oxidation of the hydrogen to protons at the anode, which having passed through the membrane to the cathode side are reduced back to hydrogen and discharged under pressure.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the concept of electrochemical hydrogen compression.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the concept of multi-stage electrochemical hydrogen compression.
  • FIG. 3 is a concept diagram showing a cross-sectional view of a multi-stage electrochemical hydrogen compressor with an overall cylindrical configuration.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the design of planar gas distribution and support plates according to the invention with complementary grooves for intervening seals to provide a leak-free seal between the MEA and the plates.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the unassembled view of a single-stage electrochemical hydrogen compressor unit according to the invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic circuit design for a two-stage electrochemical hydrogen compressor system according to the invention.
  • Electrochemical compression of hydrogen is accomplished by the application of an electric potential across a proton-conductive polymer electrolyte material separating anode and cathode compartments to effect the transport of hydrogen from one side to the other.
  • the process is based on the following anodic and cathodic reactions:
  • E cell thermodynamic cell potential
  • E c cathode half-cell potential
  • E a anode half-cell potential
  • E cell ° thermodynamic cell reference potential, 0.00 V
  • a H 2 equates to pressure, P H 2
  • thermodynamic property fugacity (f)
  • Fugacity relates to P by the following equation:
  • ⁇ is the fugacity coefficient, akin to the activity coefficient ( ⁇ ) in the thermodynamic treatment of non-ideal solutions. Fugacity coefficients have been tabulated for a number of gases and, for hydrogen, ⁇ is essentially 1.0 for pressures up to 1000 psia (68 atm) [9]; at higher pressures, f becomes significant.
  • ⁇ c cathodic compartment fugacity coefficient
  • ⁇ a anodic compartment fugacity coefficient
  • R separator resistance across the proton-conductive separator, ohm
  • R circuit resistance of the electrical circuit, ohm
  • the overpotentials of the anode and cathode represent chemical kinetic barriers, i.e. the energy required for electron transfer during the anodic and cathodic electrochemical reactions, and the use of electrocatalysts (e.g. Pt) and/or higher temperatures can reduce these values.
  • electrocatalysts e.g. Pt
  • the ohmic drop across the separator can be minimized, for instance, by the use of thinner materials and, across the circuit, with appropriate electrical materials.
  • an electrochemical hydrogen compressor is similar to that of a fuel cell, and it is proposed that a multi-stage unit be modeled after a PEM fuel cell stack.
  • Nafion® is employed as the proton-conductive polymer membrane separator with Pt as the electrocatalyst dispersed on carbon to function as the anode and cathode electrodes in the overall membrane-electrode-assembly (MEA).
  • an overall cylindrical multi-cell stack configuration having, for example, hemispherical end-plates 26 provides good mechanical stability.
  • Hydrogen supply inlet 33 is provided in the end-plate on the anode side of the first cell and compressed hydrogen outlet 35 in the other end-plate on the cathode side of the last cell.
  • the plates are connected by tie-bolts 28 .
  • the design of a multi-stage unit is as illustrated where electrically non-conductive separators 20 ensure electrical separation of compression stages. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other configurations will also work effectively.
  • graphite support plates 22 could be used sandwiching the MEA's 24 , but these require separate charge collectors for good electrical conductivity (cf. copper endplates in a fuel cell stack).
  • porous stainless steel support plates 22 are used, which are positioned adjacent to the MEA 24 with seals (e.g. in the form of an elastomeric o-ring) disposed in grooves 30 to ensure a leak-free seal between the plate and the membrane of the MEA (i.e. the peripheral area outside of the active area).
  • seals e.g. in the form of an elastomeric o-ring
  • grooves 30 to ensure a leak-free seal between the plate and the membrane of the MEA (i.e. the peripheral area outside of the active area).
  • complex serpentine flow fields are not necessary, and access of H 2 to the MEA's is simply achieved by perforating the plates 22 e.g. in a central area 23 of the plate, or by use of sintered frit plates.
  • the sintered metal frit plates are made of a powdered metal material such as stainless steel, which is compressed into the form of a plate. Such material provides a structurally strong, yet porous material to provide for passage of gases to and
  • the high differential pressures are achieved by means of the porous supporting plate 22 on the anode side and its seating in socket 25 a .
  • the porous plate maintains contact during pressurization with the active area of the MEA via use of a spring means, including a spring 29 and spring support 31 , (i.e. see FIG. 5) for ensuring adequate electrical contact.
  • a spring means including a spring 29 and spring support 31 , (i.e. see FIG. 5) for ensuring adequate electrical contact.
  • High-pressure stability is provided because the plates 22 immobilize the MEA during pressurization, such that the membrane does not rupture due to a ballooning effect.
  • H 2 is the only species of interest, complications of slow membrane deterioration, as reported in fuel cells and attributed to the formation of hydrogen peroxide (from reaction of H 2 with O 2 ) within the membrane, is not expected to be a problem, and the use of non-fluorinated materials such as sulfonated-polystyrene will suffice in electrochemical compression applications.
  • supporting plates 22 incorporates porosity or perforation characteristics in order to allow sufficient exposure of H 2 to catalytic active sites on the surface of the MEA and, at the same time, permit the plates to give sufficient structural support to the membrane, thus minimizing its deformation under conditions of high-pressure differentials.
  • the design of the supporting plates 22 also incorporates complementary peripheral grooves 30 for disposition of seals, e.g. an elastomeric o-ring to insure a leak-free seal between the MEA and the plates.
  • seals e.g. an elastomeric o-ring to insure a leak-free seal between the MEA and the plates.
  • FIG. 5 shows the unassembled view of a single stage of the working system responsible for establishing proof-of-concept, multi-stage electrochemical compression.
  • This electrochemical compressor unit comprises a membrane-electrode-assembly (MEA) 24 supported by stainless steel sintered frit plates 22 a and contained within cylindrical stainless steel housing 26 that make up the anodic and cathodic compartments.
  • the stainless steel housing 26 is a high-pressure filter holder (Fisher Scientific, cat. no. 09-753-13M) adapted for its present use.
  • the membrane-electrode-assembly 24 (Palcan Fuel Cell Co. Ltd., Vancouver, Canada) is circular in design (FIG.
  • a spring 29 and spring support 31 are provided on the cathode side. Both the spring and spring support are conveniently made of stainless steel. This spring and spring support arrangement provides for equalization of the force exerted on the MEA by the frit plate on the cathode side of the MEA 24 , regardless of the pressure differential across the MEA, such that the MEA can move together, i.e. without separating as a result of the high pressure.
  • H 2 is a small molecule able to permeate through many types of materials, the selection and design of appropriate sealing material is important. Examples include Viton®, Santoprene®, and PTFE.
  • the multi-stage compressor embodiment includes a plurality of PEM cells connected in series, such that the compressed hydrogen from the outlet of a first cell in the series is fed to the hydrogen inlet of the next cell in series, wherein each cell is electrically isolated from the adjacent cell in the series.
  • PEM cells connected in series, such that the compressed hydrogen from the outlet of a first cell in the series is fed to the hydrogen inlet of the next cell in series, wherein each cell is electrically isolated from the adjacent cell in the series.
  • FIG. 6 The circuit diagram for a two-stage unit connected in series showing the balance-of-plant is illustrated in FIG. 6, wherein PG refers to pressure gauges; PCV refers to pressure check valves; CV refers to check valves; FM refers to flow meters; PT refers to pressure transducers; HUM refers to the gas humidifier; HTR refers to the heater; RH refers to the relative humidity ports; and T/C refers to the thermocouple ports.
  • PG pressure gauges
  • PCV pressure check valves
  • CV check valves
  • FM flow meters
  • PT pressure transducers
  • HUM the gas humidifier
  • HTR refers to the heater
  • RH refers to the relative humidity ports
  • T/C refers to the thermocouple ports.
  • stage 1 Thereafter, power is applied to the electrochemical compressor unit(s), and the pressure is monitored via PT101, PT102, and PT103.
  • the system temperature is monitored via thermocouples at all T/C ports.
  • the stages are electrically isolated by use of electrically insulating (e.g. Teflon®) tubing, or by Swagelok dielectric fittings. This provides electrical isolation of stage 1 from stage 2.
  • electrically insulating e.g. Teflon®
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 show temporal plots for compression from atmospheric pressure (15.9 psia) to approx. 45 and 75 psia hydrogen, respectively.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 show corresponding temporal plots of the applied voltages along with the thermodynamic applied potential ( ⁇ E) as determined from equation 4.
  • ⁇ E thermodynamic applied potential
  • FIG. 14 shows an example of the pressure change at each stage (unit) from application of electrical power.
  • 45 and 75 psia were chosen as final pressures for the first and second stages, respectively, both stages initially at atmospheric pressure (15.9 psia).
  • a current of 2.4 A was applied galvanostatically to stage 1 and 0.6 A to stage 2.
  • 15.0 mV for stage 1 and
  • 6.9 mV for stage 2.
  • the system temperature was 22.0° C.
  • the energy consumption for priming the dual-stage compressor to the chosen stage pressures was 400.7 J, as determined using equation 8.
  • the electrochemical hydrogen compressor can be applied interfacing: 1) a hydrogen production device (i.e. fuel processor, electrolyzer, etc.) and a fuel cell; 2) a hydrogen production device and a hydrogen storage device; and 3) a hydrogen storage device and a fuel cell.
  • a hydrogen production device i.e. fuel processor, electrolyzer, etc.
  • the compressor can be applied interfacing a hydrogen production device and a hydrogen storage device.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
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US36206502P 2002-03-07 2002-03-07
PCT/CA2003/000306 WO2003075379A2 (fr) 2002-03-07 2003-03-06 Compresseur electrochimique d'hydrogene
US10/478,852 US20040211679A1 (en) 2002-03-07 2003-03-06 Electrochemical hydrogen compressor

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Cited By (46)

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US20070193885A1 (en) * 2006-01-30 2007-08-23 H2 Pump Llc Apparatus and methods for electrochemical hydrogen manipulation
US20070227900A1 (en) * 2006-04-04 2007-10-04 H2 Pump Llc Performance enhancement via water management in electrochemical cells
US20070246363A1 (en) * 2006-04-20 2007-10-25 H2 Pump Llc Integrated electrochemical hydrogen compression systems
US20070246374A1 (en) * 2006-04-20 2007-10-25 H2 Pump Llc Performance management for integrated hydrogen separation and compression systems
US20070246373A1 (en) * 2006-04-20 2007-10-25 H2 Pump Llc Integrated electrochemical hydrogen separation systems
US20080121532A1 (en) * 2006-05-03 2008-05-29 H2 Pump Llc Robust voltage management in electrochemical hydrogen cells
US20080190780A1 (en) * 2007-01-24 2008-08-14 Treadstone Technologies, Inc. Electrochemical processor for hydrogen processing and electrical power generation
US20090176180A1 (en) * 2008-01-04 2009-07-09 H2 Pump Llc Hydrogen furnace system and method
US20100132386A1 (en) * 2008-12-02 2010-06-03 Xergy Incorporated Electrochemical Compressor and Refrigeration System
US20110127018A1 (en) * 2009-05-01 2011-06-02 Xergy Incorporated Self-Contained Electrochemical Heat Transfer System
US20110198215A1 (en) * 2010-02-17 2011-08-18 Xergy Incorporated Electrochemical Heat Transfer System
US20120045572A1 (en) * 2009-04-09 2012-02-23 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Carbon nanotube production process and carbon nanotube production apparatus
US20120129079A1 (en) * 2009-02-16 2012-05-24 Hyet Holding B.V. High differential pressure electrochemical cell comprising a specific membrane
WO2013096890A1 (fr) * 2011-12-21 2013-06-27 Xergy Incorporated Système de compression électrochimique
US20140356744A1 (en) * 2013-05-29 2014-12-04 Mcalister Technologies, Llc Energy storage and conversion with hot carbon deposition
US20150060294A1 (en) * 2013-08-28 2015-03-05 Nuvera Fuel Cells, Inc. Integrated electrochemical compressor and cascade storage method and system
US20150144501A1 (en) * 2013-11-26 2015-05-28 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method and Apparatus for Conditioning Hydrogen
US20150255818A1 (en) * 2013-09-09 2015-09-10 Brian Benicewicz Methods of Purifying a Hydrogen Gas Stream Containing Hydrogen Sulfide Impurities
US9303818B1 (en) 2012-01-10 2016-04-05 Mainstream Engineering Corporation Dense storage of hydrogen and other gases in fast fabricated, hierarchically structured nanocapillary arrays through adsorption and compression by electrochemical and other means
CN105826582A (zh) * 2016-05-20 2016-08-03 厦门大学 一种电化学式的气体压缩装置及压缩方法
EP3031955A4 (fr) * 2013-08-05 2017-01-18 University of Yamanashi Dispositif d'augmentation de pression de raffinage d'hydrogène
US20170241677A1 (en) * 2016-01-11 2017-08-24 Xergy Inc. Furnishing Temperature Control System Employing An Electrochemical Compressor
US20170284685A1 (en) * 2016-03-30 2017-10-05 Xergy Inc Heat pumps utilizing ionic liquid desiccant
RU2656219C1 (ru) * 2017-04-17 2018-06-01 Публичное акционерное общество "Ракетно-космическая корпорация "Энергия" имени С.П. Королева" Коаксиальный электрохимический компрессор водорода
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